Article(id=1320882380102030001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080087, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754841600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852500224, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852500224, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852500223, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852500223, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=516, endPage=524, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882380328522418, articleId=1320882380102030001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Research Advances in the Influence of Sous-vide Technology on the Quality of Livestock and Poultry Meat, columnId=1261343851327906245, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sous-vide is a culinary technique involving prolonged thermal processing of vacuum-sealed ingredients under precisely controlled low temperatures. Compared with conventional thermal methods, this approach significantly improves meat texture and tenderness by promoting collagen gelatinization while precisely regulating myofibrillar protein denaturation and water migration, thereby effectively reducing cooking loss and increasing product yield. Meanwhile, the vacuum environment inhibits excessive lipid oxidation and facilitates the controllable degradation of flavor precursors as well as maillard reaction under mild heating conditions. This enriches the composition and content of volatile flavor substances, thereby improving the overall flavor quality. This review synthesizes recent domestic and international research advancements regarding the effects of Sous-vide technology on key quality attributes (including texture, color, tenderness, and flavor profiles) of livestock and poultry meat products. The synthesis aims to provide theoretical foundations for further technological refinement and industrial applications, ultimately contributing to novel pathways for developing premium meat products.

, authors=Wei LIU1, Wenguang XU1, *, Xianglei GONG1, Xinlei TANG1, Qiuyu WANG1, Yingying LIU1, Zhao ZHAO2, 3, 4, Xiaoyan ZHOU5, *, authorsList=Wei LIU, Wenguang XU, Xianglei GONG, Xinlei TANG, Qiuyu WANG, Yingying LIU, Zhao ZHAO, Xiaoyan ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenguang XU, Xiaoyan ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882381242880695, articleId=1320882380102030001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品品质影响的研究进展, columnId=1261343852603031688, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=专题综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

低温慢煮技术是一种在精确控制的低温条件下对真空密封食材进行长时间热加工的烹饪方法。与传统热加工方式相比,该技术通过促进胶原蛋白凝胶化、精准调控肌原纤维蛋白变性及水分迁移,显著改善肉品质构特性与嫩度,有效降低蒸煮损失并提高出品率。同时,真空环境有助于抑制脂肪过度氧化,并通过温和加热条件促进美拉德反应与风味前体物质的可控降解,从而丰富挥发性风味物质的组成与含量,提升整体风味品质。本文总结了近年国内外各研究者对低温慢煮对于畜禽肉制品在质构、色泽、嫩度、风味等方面影响的研究成果,旨在为该技术的深入研究和产业化应用提供理论参考,为开发高品质肉类制品提供新途径。

, authors=刘薇1, 许文广1, *, 贡湘磊1, 汤鑫磊1, 王秋玉1, 刘莹莹1, 赵赵2, 3, 4, 周晓燕5, *, authorsList=刘薇, 许文广, 贡湘磊, 汤鑫磊, 王秋玉, 刘莹莹, 赵赵, 周晓燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=许文广, 周晓燕, authorNote=

刘薇(1998−),女,硕士,研究方向:营养与食品卫生学,E-mail:

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许文广(1987−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:烹饪教育教学,E-mail:
周晓燕(1964−),男,本科,教授,研究方向:烹饪科学与工程研究,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=gNTDQaoFjXqoN7XE7OAUPg==, magXml=I0FCK/PwHda9MK6D7bdEng==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WJ3/muH/99TXgPeTGZWiyQ==, pdfFileSize=1817397, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=fU83Ol6U1D+YSzP8kQpCww==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7u06dLzrv9IHVKVL6kt4SA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320882383524582088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1274408817@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320882383621051082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, authorId=1320882383524582088, language=EN, stringName=Wei LIU, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Jiangsu College of Tourism, Yangzhou 225000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320882383700742859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, authorId=1320882383524582088, language=CN, stringName=刘薇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1江苏旅游职业学院,江苏扬州 225000, bio={"content":"

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The Food Industry, 2017, 38(11): 28−32.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882398271755079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Shuping, ZHAO Juyang. Research on processing optimization of sous vide cooked beef steak[J]. The Food Industry, 2017, 38(11): 28−32., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882398393389896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=van BA H, RYU K S, LAN N T K, et al. Influence of particular breed on meat quality parameters, sensory characteristics, and volatile components[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology, 2013, 22(3): 651−658., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882398485664585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KATHURIA D, DHIMAN A K, ATTRI S. Sous vide, a culinary technique for improving quality of food products: A review[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2022, 119: 57−68., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882398573744970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢雪松, 彭毅秦, 刘春燕, 等. 牦牛酸醡肉的低温慢煮工艺优化及风味轮廓分析[J]. 美食研究, 2023, 40(1): 66−72. [LU Xuesong, PENG Yiqin, LIU Chunyan, et al. Optimization of low-temperature-slow-cooking process and flavor profile analysis of sour yak meat[J]. Journal of Researches on Dietetic Science and Culture, 2023, 40(1): 66−72.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882398678602571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Xuesong, PENG Yiqin, LIU Chunyan, et al. Optimization of low-temperature-slow-cooking process and flavor profile analysis of sour yak meat[J]. Journal of Researches on Dietetic Science and Culture, 2023, 40(1): 66−72., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882398762488652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORTUÑO J, MATEO L, RODRÍGUEZ-ESTRADA M T, et al. Effects of sous vide vs grilling methods on lamb meat colour and lipid stability during cooking and heated display[J]. Meat Science, 2021, 171: 108287., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882398842180429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG Yiqun, WANG Di, ZHANG Chengjun, et al. The impact of sous vide braising on the sensory characteristics and heterocyclic amines contents of braised chicken[J]. 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method, figureFileSmall=Fwd2LaZ5W4L11RPbtZhtFg==, figureFileBig=Vv0nVzJL0TjC75lv2/0rdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882388922651390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=CN, label=图2, caption=低温慢煮技术与传统烹饪对比, figureFileSmall=Fwd2LaZ5W4L11RPbtZhtFg==, figureFileBig=Vv0nVzJL0TjC75lv2/0rdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882388998148863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Related research results on the effect of Sous-vide on the color of livestock and poultry meat

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称参数色泽影响参考文献
鸡肝80 ℃下不同低温慢煮时间
(40、45、50、55、60 min)
SV组的L*值显著高于对照,a*随时间下降但整体仍高于对照;b*值随时间上升但整体低于对照。[24]
富硒
猪肉
60、70、80、90 ℃及30、60、90、120 min
对富硒猪肉进行处理
富硒猪肉低温慢煮时70 ℃下L*最高;60 ℃下a*最高且随温度升高而下降(100 ℃最低);L*随时间先升后降;a*于30 min达峰后下降;b*受时间影响
不显著。
[22]
即食
鸡胸肉
75 ℃ 下,煮制时间
(40、60、80、100、140 min)
随着煮制时间的延长,样品即食鸡胸肉的L*、a*值下降。同时由于高铁肌红蛋白热变性,使b*值上升。[23]
酱卤
猪蹄
70 ℃真空低温煮制12 h低温慢煮组中a*值(红度)显著高于普通煮;b*值略高于普通煮制。[19]
酱卤
牛肉
加热温度55、65、75、85 ℃、加热时间1~8 h,(间隔1 h)L*值和a*随着加热时间延长,先升高后降低,传统烹饪工艺酱牛肉L*值和a*值均低于低温烹煮。[20]
鸭肉温度(60、70、80 ℃)和时间(2、6、12 h)随着加热时间增加,鸭肉的L*、a*值呈现下降趋势。较高温度下烹制的
样品b*值相对较高,在80 ℃下煮制时间为24 h,b*值最高。
[25]
猪肉
火腿
煮沸、烘烤、低温慢煮(55、58、60、65 ℃)烤制值最低,其次是真空低温烹调法组和煮沸组,除煮熟组外,各组间a*值差异无变化;煮沸组的熟猪肉火腿表面b*值低于各种真空低温和烘烤组。[26]
鹅肉60、80 ℃下,烹饪4、6、12 h60 ℃下鹅肉L*、a*值高于80 ℃下,而在80 ℃下烹煮的肉类的b*值则较高。[27]
马肉60、70 ℃,烹饪6、12、18 h60 ℃和对照样品相比,70 ℃下显著降低,温度、时间及其相互作用都促成了这种效应。L*值、a*值无差异。[28]
水牛肉55 ℃烹饪8 h、65 ℃ 烹饪5 h、95 ℃
烹饪45 min
55 ℃下,a*、L*值最高,b*最低。65 ℃下b*值最高。[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1320882389082034944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

低温慢煮对畜禽肉制品色泽的影响相关研究结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称参数色泽影响参考文献
鸡肝80 ℃下不同低温慢煮时间
(40、45、50、55、60 min)
SV组的L*值显著高于对照,a*随时间下降但整体仍高于对照;b*值随时间上升但整体低于对照。[24]
富硒
猪肉
60、70、80、90 ℃及30、60、90、120 min
对富硒猪肉进行处理
富硒猪肉低温慢煮时70 ℃下L*最高;60 ℃下a*最高且随温度升高而下降(100 ℃最低);L*随时间先升后降;a*于30 min达峰后下降;b*受时间影响
不显著。
[22]
即食
鸡胸肉
75 ℃ 下,煮制时间
(40、60、80、100、140 min)
随着煮制时间的延长,样品即食鸡胸肉的L*、a*值下降。同时由于高铁肌红蛋白热变性,使b*值上升。[23]
酱卤
猪蹄
70 ℃真空低温煮制12 h低温慢煮组中a*值(红度)显著高于普通煮;b*值略高于普通煮制。[19]
酱卤
牛肉
加热温度55、65、75、85 ℃、加热时间1~8 h,(间隔1 h)L*值和a*随着加热时间延长,先升高后降低,传统烹饪工艺酱牛肉L*值和a*值均低于低温烹煮。[20]
鸭肉温度(60、70、80 ℃)和时间(2、6、12 h)随着加热时间增加,鸭肉的L*、a*值呈现下降趋势。较高温度下烹制的
样品b*值相对较高,在80 ℃下煮制时间为24 h,b*值最高。
[25]
猪肉
火腿
煮沸、烘烤、低温慢煮(55、58、60、65 ℃)烤制值最低,其次是真空低温烹调法组和煮沸组,除煮熟组外,各组间a*值差异无变化;煮沸组的熟猪肉火腿表面b*值低于各种真空低温和烘烤组。[26]
鹅肉60、80 ℃下,烹饪4、6、12 h60 ℃下鹅肉L*、a*值高于80 ℃下,而在80 ℃下烹煮的肉类的b*值则较高。[27]
马肉60、70 ℃,烹饪6、12、18 h60 ℃和对照样品相比,70 ℃下显著降低,温度、时间及其相互作用都促成了这种效应。L*值、a*值无差异。[28]
水牛肉55 ℃烹饪8 h、65 ℃ 烹饪5 h、95 ℃
烹饪45 min
55 ℃下,a*、L*值最高,b*最低。65 ℃下b*值最高。[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1320882389157532417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Related research results on the effect of Sous-vide on meat texture of livestock and poultry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称工艺参数质构影响参考文献
鸡肝80 ℃下不同低温慢煮时间(40、45、50、55、60 min)即食鸡肝硬度、咀嚼性、弹性及内聚性随时间呈先升后降趋势,50 min时前三者达峰值;后续因蛋白质结构破坏致严重失水(SV组软烂),三者显著下降。[24]
富硒猪肉不同温度60、70、80、90 ℃;不同时间30、60、90、120 min温度升高时,硬度于90 ℃达峰后至100 ℃下降;弹性持续下降,咀嚼性稳定,内聚性呈先升后降。随时间延长,富硒猪肉硬度、弹性及内聚性均呈先升后降趋势。[22]
即食
鸡胸肉
在75 ℃下不同煮制时间(40、60、80、100、120、140 min)低温慢煮组的剪切力、硬度等均显著增加,有效改善了传统组肉质过于软烂干柴的情况,提高了产品的质构特性。[23]
酱卤牛肉不同温度55、65、75、85 ℃、加热时间1~8 h(间隔1 h)不同加热温度下的酱牛肉硬度和咀嚼性随着加热时间延长先增加后减小。且加热
温度和加热时间对酱牛肉的咀嚼性和硬度影响显著。
[20]
水煮牛肉低温慢煮、沸水煮、微波加热低温慢煮组硬度低于沸水煮,与沸水煮微波加热相比,弹性与胶粘性最高。[32]
鸭肉不同温度(60、70、80 ℃),不同
时间 (2、6、12、24 h)
硬度随蒸煮温度和时间的增加呈下降趋势。随着烹饪时间的增加,弹性值趋于降低。粘附性显示出与硬度相反的趋势。温度和时间的增加了增加增加了粘合度值。[25]
鸭胸肉水煮、煎炸、烘烤、低温慢煮真空低温烹调法和烘烤产品表现出比其他烹饪方法更高的硬度、内聚性、粘性、咀嚼性和回弹性值。[33]
猪肉火腿煮沸、烘烤、低温慢煮(55、58、60、65 ℃)所有真空低温烹调组的硬度、弹性、粘稠度和咀嚼度值均低于煮制组和烘烤组,各组间粘附性值差异无变化。[26]
鹅肉60、80 ℃下,烹饪4、6、12 h60 ℃熟肉各质构参数(硬度、内聚性、弹性、粘稠度、咀嚼性)随蒸煮时间增加而
升高;80 ℃样品则均呈下降趋势。
[27]
马肉60、70 ℃下,烹饪6、12、18 h70 ℃下SV处理18 h可降低硬度、内聚性和粘性。[28]
), ArticleFig(id=1320882389241418498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品质构的影响相关研究结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称工艺参数质构影响参考文献
鸡肝80 ℃下不同低温慢煮时间(40、45、50、55、60 min)即食鸡肝硬度、咀嚼性、弹性及内聚性随时间呈先升后降趋势,50 min时前三者达峰值;后续因蛋白质结构破坏致严重失水(SV组软烂),三者显著下降。[24]
富硒猪肉不同温度60、70、80、90 ℃;不同时间30、60、90、120 min温度升高时,硬度于90 ℃达峰后至100 ℃下降;弹性持续下降,咀嚼性稳定,内聚性呈先升后降。随时间延长,富硒猪肉硬度、弹性及内聚性均呈先升后降趋势。[22]
即食
鸡胸肉
在75 ℃下不同煮制时间(40、60、80、100、120、140 min)低温慢煮组的剪切力、硬度等均显著增加,有效改善了传统组肉质过于软烂干柴的情况,提高了产品的质构特性。[23]
酱卤牛肉不同温度55、65、75、85 ℃、加热时间1~8 h(间隔1 h)不同加热温度下的酱牛肉硬度和咀嚼性随着加热时间延长先增加后减小。且加热
温度和加热时间对酱牛肉的咀嚼性和硬度影响显著。
[20]
水煮牛肉低温慢煮、沸水煮、微波加热低温慢煮组硬度低于沸水煮,与沸水煮微波加热相比,弹性与胶粘性最高。[32]
鸭肉不同温度(60、70、80 ℃),不同
时间 (2、6、12、24 h)
硬度随蒸煮温度和时间的增加呈下降趋势。随着烹饪时间的增加,弹性值趋于降低。粘附性显示出与硬度相反的趋势。温度和时间的增加了增加增加了粘合度值。[25]
鸭胸肉水煮、煎炸、烘烤、低温慢煮真空低温烹调法和烘烤产品表现出比其他烹饪方法更高的硬度、内聚性、粘性、咀嚼性和回弹性值。[33]
猪肉火腿煮沸、烘烤、低温慢煮(55、58、60、65 ℃)所有真空低温烹调组的硬度、弹性、粘稠度和咀嚼度值均低于煮制组和烘烤组,各组间粘附性值差异无变化。[26]
鹅肉60、80 ℃下,烹饪4、6、12 h60 ℃熟肉各质构参数(硬度、内聚性、弹性、粘稠度、咀嚼性)随蒸煮时间增加而
升高;80 ℃样品则均呈下降趋势。
[27]
马肉60、70 ℃下,烹饪6、12、18 h70 ℃下SV处理18 h可降低硬度、内聚性和粘性。[28]
), ArticleFig(id=1320882389325304579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Related research results on the effect of Sous-vide on shear force/tenderness of livestock and poultry meat

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称工艺参数剪切力/嫩度影响参考文献
红烧肉不同温度65、70、75 ℃,分别加热8、10、12 h不同温度组下剪切力随着加热时间的延长,都呈现出由先升高再降低的趋势。[38]
即食
鸡胸肉
75 ℃下煮制(40、60、80、100、120、140 min)低温慢煮组的剪切力随着煮制时间的延长,呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,此结果与质构测定结果相符。[23]
鸡胸肉传统煮沸、SV蒸煮条件(65、70、75、80 ℃,分别烹制45、90 min)SV样品的蒸煮损失和剪切力低于传统煮沸样品。[40]
鸡肝80 ℃下不同低温慢煮时间(40、45、50、55、60 min)SV工艺显著改善了鸡肝的干硬质地,提升产品嫩度。其剪切力随处理时间呈先升后降趋势:初期因结缔组织收缩而上升,后期因胶原蛋白凝胶化导致质地软化、剪切强度下降。[24]
酱卤
牛肉
不同温度55、65、75、85 ℃、加热时间1~8 h(间隔1 h)不同加热条件下酱牛肉随着加热时间延长,剪切力呈先增大后减小趋势。[20]
牛排65 ℃下低温慢煮6、12 h低温慢煮下6 h的剪切力大于12 h。[41]
马肉60、70 ℃烹饪6、12、18 h与对照组相比,所有SV处理(70 ℃下6 h除外)的剪切力均显著降低。[28]
鸭胸肉水煮、煎炸、烘烤、低温慢煮较其他3种烹饪方式,低温慢煮的剪切力值最低。[33]
), ArticleFig(id=1320882389400802052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品剪切力/嫩度的影响相关研究结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称工艺参数剪切力/嫩度影响参考文献
红烧肉不同温度65、70、75 ℃,分别加热8、10、12 h不同温度组下剪切力随着加热时间的延长,都呈现出由先升高再降低的趋势。[38]
即食
鸡胸肉
75 ℃下煮制(40、60、80、100、120、140 min)低温慢煮组的剪切力随着煮制时间的延长,呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,此结果与质构测定结果相符。[23]
鸡胸肉传统煮沸、SV蒸煮条件(65、70、75、80 ℃,分别烹制45、90 min)SV样品的蒸煮损失和剪切力低于传统煮沸样品。[40]
鸡肝80 ℃下不同低温慢煮时间(40、45、50、55、60 min)SV工艺显著改善了鸡肝的干硬质地,提升产品嫩度。其剪切力随处理时间呈先升后降趋势:初期因结缔组织收缩而上升,后期因胶原蛋白凝胶化导致质地软化、剪切强度下降。[24]
酱卤
牛肉
不同温度55、65、75、85 ℃、加热时间1~8 h(间隔1 h)不同加热条件下酱牛肉随着加热时间延长,剪切力呈先增大后减小趋势。[20]
牛排65 ℃下低温慢煮6、12 h低温慢煮下6 h的剪切力大于12 h。[41]
马肉60、70 ℃烹饪6、12、18 h与对照组相比,所有SV处理(70 ℃下6 h除外)的剪切力均显著降低。[28]
鸭胸肉水煮、煎炸、烘烤、低温慢煮较其他3种烹饪方式,低温慢煮的剪切力值最低。[33]
), ArticleFig(id=1320882389488882437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Related research results on the effect of Sous-vide on cooking loss/yield of livestock and poultry meat

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称工艺参数热加工损失/出品率影响参考文献
鸡肝80 ℃下不同低温慢煮时间(40、45、50、55、60 min)SV组的蒸煮损失显著低于对照组。且随着时间的延长,与蒸煮损失率成正比。
60 min时达31.95%。
[24]
富硒
猪肉
不同温度60、70、80、90 ℃;不同时间30、60、90、120 min富硒猪肉的蒸煮损失随低温蒸煮时间的增加而明显增加,60~70 ℃,水分损失较少;80 ℃时,蒸煮损失显著升高;100 ℃时,产品营养成分流失严重,产品蒸煮损失最大。[22]
即食
鸡胸肉
在75 ℃下不同煮制时间(40、60、80、100、120、140 min)与传统加工组相比,低温慢煮组的蒸煮损失显著减少。随着煮制时间的延长,变化幅度下降,使样品的蒸煮损失增加相对缓慢。[23]
鸡胸肉传统煮沸、SV蒸煮条件(65、70、75、80 ℃,分别烹制45、90 min)真空低温烹调法处理使鸡胸肉的烹饪损失更低,水分含量更高,且随着加热温度的升高和加工时间的延长,蒸煮损失的降低和蒸煮损失增加。[40]
酱卤
猪蹄
70 ℃真空低温煮制12 h低温慢煮制组的烹调损失率显著低于其他熟制方式处理组,推测主要是水分流失造成的。[19]
酱卤
牛肉
不同温度55、65、75、85 ℃、加热时间1~8 h(间隔1 h)通过低温长时间加热的酱牛肉,出品率明显高于传统烹饪工艺下的酱牛肉。[20]
牛排直接煎制、拍打后煎制、低温慢煮直接煎制牛排烹制损失率最大、熟肉率最低;拍打后煎制损失率居中;低温慢煮
损失率最小、熟肉率最高。因慢煮时蛋白质已变性完成部分熟制,缩短煎时
减少肉汁流失,更好保留嫩度。
[46]
红烧肉65、70、75 ℃,分别加热8、10、12 h传统组热加工损失显著高于所有低温慢煮组,其中65 ℃<70 ℃<75 ℃。[38]
水煮牛肉低温慢煮、沸水煮、微波加热低温慢煮、沸水煮、微波加热三组均有显著性差异,微波加热牛肉的烹饪失水率最低,出品率最高。[32]
鸭肉60、70、80 ℃,时间(2、6、12、24 h)随着时间的升高,所有温度点的蒸煮损失都会增加。[25]
鸭胸肉水煮、煎炸、烘烤、低温慢煮相比其他3种烹调方法,真空低温烹调法的保水能力最高,蒸煮损失最低。[33]
猪肉
火腿
煮沸、烘烤、低温慢煮(55、58、60、65 ℃)煮沸组、烘烤组和SV 65 ℃组的蒸煮损失较高,而在低于60 ℃的温度下烹煮的
真空低温烹调样品的蒸煮损失较低。
[26]
鹅肉60、80 ℃下,烹饪4、6、12 h低温慢煮下,带皮鹅肉的蒸煮损失高于无皮鹅肉。且60 ℃下SV鹅肉在所有烹饪过程中的蒸煮损失均低于80 ℃。[27]
水牛肉55 ℃烹饪8 h、65 ℃ 烹饪 5 h、95 ℃
烹饪 45 min
55 ℃-8 h 烹饪的烹饪损失最低,95 ℃-45 min的烹饪损失最高,为 45%。[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1320882389572768518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品蒸煮损失/出品率的影响相关研究结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称工艺参数热加工损失/出品率影响参考文献
鸡肝80 ℃下不同低温慢煮时间(40、45、50、55、60 min)SV组的蒸煮损失显著低于对照组。且随着时间的延长,与蒸煮损失率成正比。
60 min时达31.95%。
[24]
富硒
猪肉
不同温度60、70、80、90 ℃;不同时间30、60、90、120 min富硒猪肉的蒸煮损失随低温蒸煮时间的增加而明显增加,60~70 ℃,水分损失较少;80 ℃时,蒸煮损失显著升高;100 ℃时,产品营养成分流失严重,产品蒸煮损失最大。[22]
即食
鸡胸肉
在75 ℃下不同煮制时间(40、60、80、100、120、140 min)与传统加工组相比,低温慢煮组的蒸煮损失显著减少。随着煮制时间的延长,变化幅度下降,使样品的蒸煮损失增加相对缓慢。[23]
鸡胸肉传统煮沸、SV蒸煮条件(65、70、75、80 ℃,分别烹制45、90 min)真空低温烹调法处理使鸡胸肉的烹饪损失更低,水分含量更高,且随着加热温度的升高和加工时间的延长,蒸煮损失的降低和蒸煮损失增加。[40]
酱卤
猪蹄
70 ℃真空低温煮制12 h低温慢煮制组的烹调损失率显著低于其他熟制方式处理组,推测主要是水分流失造成的。[19]
酱卤
牛肉
不同温度55、65、75、85 ℃、加热时间1~8 h(间隔1 h)通过低温长时间加热的酱牛肉,出品率明显高于传统烹饪工艺下的酱牛肉。[20]
牛排直接煎制、拍打后煎制、低温慢煮直接煎制牛排烹制损失率最大、熟肉率最低;拍打后煎制损失率居中;低温慢煮
损失率最小、熟肉率最高。因慢煮时蛋白质已变性完成部分熟制,缩短煎时
减少肉汁流失,更好保留嫩度。
[46]
红烧肉65、70、75 ℃,分别加热8、10、12 h传统组热加工损失显著高于所有低温慢煮组,其中65 ℃<70 ℃<75 ℃。[38]
水煮牛肉低温慢煮、沸水煮、微波加热低温慢煮、沸水煮、微波加热三组均有显著性差异,微波加热牛肉的烹饪失水率最低,出品率最高。[32]
鸭肉60、70、80 ℃,时间(2、6、12、24 h)随着时间的升高,所有温度点的蒸煮损失都会增加。[25]
鸭胸肉水煮、煎炸、烘烤、低温慢煮相比其他3种烹调方法,真空低温烹调法的保水能力最高,蒸煮损失最低。[33]
猪肉
火腿
煮沸、烘烤、低温慢煮(55、58、60、65 ℃)煮沸组、烘烤组和SV 65 ℃组的蒸煮损失较高,而在低于60 ℃的温度下烹煮的
真空低温烹调样品的蒸煮损失较低。
[26]
鹅肉60、80 ℃下,烹饪4、6、12 h低温慢煮下,带皮鹅肉的蒸煮损失高于无皮鹅肉。且60 ℃下SV鹅肉在所有烹饪过程中的蒸煮损失均低于80 ℃。[27]
水牛肉55 ℃烹饪8 h、65 ℃ 烹饪 5 h、95 ℃
烹饪 45 min
55 ℃-8 h 烹饪的烹饪损失最低,95 ℃-45 min的烹饪损失最高,为 45%。[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1320882389660848903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Related research results on the effect of Sous-vide on volatile flavor substances of livestock and poultry meat

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称工艺参数风味影响参考文献
鸡肝80 ℃下,40、45、50、55、60 min电子鼻检测表明,低温慢煮(SV)样品含有更多短链烷烃、醇类、醛类、酮类、氢化物及氮氧化合物。相较于高温处理,SV处理显著改变了样品的风味轮廓,产生了更
丰富的风味物质。在55 min时,气味差异尤为显著。
[24]
酱卤
猪蹄
熟制方式(蒸制、煮制、微波制和低温慢煮制)不同处理组酱卤猪蹄的风味组成存在差异。低温慢煮组挥发性风味物质种类最多(49种),微波和煮制组均为43种,蒸制组最少(39种)。低温慢煮组的醇类含量明显高于其他组,尤以1-辛烯-3-醇含量最高。[19]
酱卤
牛肉
不同温度55、65、75、85 ℃、时间为1~8 h(间隔1 h)不同加热时间的低温烹煮酱牛肉样品共检测出52种挥发性风味物质。其中醇类10种、醛类9种、烃类4种、酸类4种、酮类6种、脂类6种、醚类3种以及含氮含硫杂环化合物10种。[20]
牦牛
酸醡肉
低温慢煮、煎、炸、烤、空气炸锅、微波烹饪低温慢煮与微波、空气炸锅整体风味较为接近;煎、烤、炸整体风味轮廓接近。且低温慢煮最佳工艺条件为:料液比1.0:7.5(kg/L)、加热温度70 ℃、加热时间25 min。[49]
鸭肉低温慢煮60、70、80 ℃和时间(2、6、12、24 h)鉴定出83种挥发性化合物,涵盖醛、醇、酮、烃、酸、酯、酚、含氮物及呋喃类。醛类为低温慢煮鸭肉主要成分。其总浓度随时间变化:60 ℃下先升后稳,70 ℃下先升后降,80 ℃下则持续下降。[25]
鸡胸肉传统煮沸和SV蒸煮条件(65、70、75、80 ℃,分别烹制45、90 min)共检出95种化合物:醛类(8)、酮类(7)、酯类(18)、醇类(20)、碳氢化合物(23)、酸类(5)、呋喃类(3)及其他(11)。传统煮沸组55种,SV组83种。生肉组醛类有限,熟制后SV组醛类丰富。[40]
马肉60、70 ℃下,烹饪6、12、18 h共检测到94种化合物,包括8种醇、35种醛、13种酯、32种碳氢化合物和6种酮。
壬醛是主要化合物,并且在所有SV处理中明显高于生肉。13-十进烯醛(Z)仅
出现在SV处理组中。
[28]
红烧肉传统工艺、SV蒸煮条件(65、70、75 ℃,分别烹制8、10、12 h)主要鉴定出395种挥发性成分,传统样品和SV样品在70 ℃和75 ℃下放置8 h,风味
化合物相似。醛类是红烧肉中主要的挥发性风味化合物,主要来源于脂肪酸的
氧化降解。
[4]
红烧鸡传统工艺、生食、SV蒸煮条件
65 ℃(3、4 h)、75 ℃(2、3 h)
共检测到37种化合物,SV对化合物仅有微弱影响,差异主要来自1-戊醇、庚醛(单体)、辛醛(单体)、正壬醛(单体)、戊醛(二聚体)和3种未知化合物的含量。[51]
), ArticleFig(id=1320882389736346376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882380102030001, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品挥发性风味物质的影响相关研究结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称工艺参数风味影响参考文献
鸡肝80 ℃下,40、45、50、55、60 min电子鼻检测表明,低温慢煮(SV)样品含有更多短链烷烃、醇类、醛类、酮类、氢化物及氮氧化合物。相较于高温处理,SV处理显著改变了样品的风味轮廓,产生了更
丰富的风味物质。在55 min时,气味差异尤为显著。
[24]
酱卤
猪蹄
熟制方式(蒸制、煮制、微波制和低温慢煮制)不同处理组酱卤猪蹄的风味组成存在差异。低温慢煮组挥发性风味物质种类最多(49种),微波和煮制组均为43种,蒸制组最少(39种)。低温慢煮组的醇类含量明显高于其他组,尤以1-辛烯-3-醇含量最高。[19]
酱卤
牛肉
不同温度55、65、75、85 ℃、时间为1~8 h(间隔1 h)不同加热时间的低温烹煮酱牛肉样品共检测出52种挥发性风味物质。其中醇类10种、醛类9种、烃类4种、酸类4种、酮类6种、脂类6种、醚类3种以及含氮含硫杂环化合物10种。[20]
牦牛
酸醡肉
低温慢煮、煎、炸、烤、空气炸锅、微波烹饪低温慢煮与微波、空气炸锅整体风味较为接近;煎、烤、炸整体风味轮廓接近。且低温慢煮最佳工艺条件为:料液比1.0:7.5(kg/L)、加热温度70 ℃、加热时间25 min。[49]
鸭肉低温慢煮60、70、80 ℃和时间(2、6、12、24 h)鉴定出83种挥发性化合物,涵盖醛、醇、酮、烃、酸、酯、酚、含氮物及呋喃类。醛类为低温慢煮鸭肉主要成分。其总浓度随时间变化:60 ℃下先升后稳,70 ℃下先升后降,80 ℃下则持续下降。[25]
鸡胸肉传统煮沸和SV蒸煮条件(65、70、75、80 ℃,分别烹制45、90 min)共检出95种化合物:醛类(8)、酮类(7)、酯类(18)、醇类(20)、碳氢化合物(23)、酸类(5)、呋喃类(3)及其他(11)。传统煮沸组55种,SV组83种。生肉组醛类有限,熟制后SV组醛类丰富。[40]
马肉60、70 ℃下,烹饪6、12、18 h共检测到94种化合物,包括8种醇、35种醛、13种酯、32种碳氢化合物和6种酮。
壬醛是主要化合物,并且在所有SV处理中明显高于生肉。13-十进烯醛(Z)仅
出现在SV处理组中。
[28]
红烧肉传统工艺、SV蒸煮条件(65、70、75 ℃,分别烹制8、10、12 h)主要鉴定出395种挥发性成分,传统样品和SV样品在70 ℃和75 ℃下放置8 h,风味
化合物相似。醛类是红烧肉中主要的挥发性风味化合物,主要来源于脂肪酸的
氧化降解。
[4]
红烧鸡传统工艺、生食、SV蒸煮条件
65 ℃(3、4 h)、75 ℃(2、3 h)
共检测到37种化合物,SV对化合物仅有微弱影响,差异主要来自1-戊醇、庚醛(单体)、辛醛(单体)、正壬醛(单体)、戊醛(二聚体)和3种未知化合物的含量。[51]
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低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品品质影响的研究进展
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刘薇 1 , 许文广 1, * , 贡湘磊 1 , 汤鑫磊 1 , 王秋玉 1 , 刘莹莹 1 , 赵赵 2, 3, 4 , 周晓燕 5, *
食品工业科技 | 专题综述 2026,47(15): 516-524
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食品工业科技 |专题综述 2026 , 47 (15) : 516 -524
低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品品质影响的研究进展
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刘薇1 , 许文广1, * , 贡湘磊1, 汤鑫磊1, 王秋玉1, 刘莹莹1, 赵赵2, 3, 4, 周晓燕5, *
作者信息
  • 1江苏旅游职业学院,江苏扬州 225000
  • 2扬州大学旅游烹饪学院,江苏扬州 225127
  • 3江苏省淮扬菜产业化工程研究中心,江苏扬州 225000
  • 4中餐非遗技艺传承文化和旅游部重点实验室,江苏扬州 225127
  • 5上海中侨职业技术大学,上海 201514
通讯作者:
许文广(1987−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:烹饪教育教学,E-mail:
周晓燕(1964−),男,本科,教授,研究方向:烹饪科学与工程研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘薇(1998−),女,硕士,研究方向:营养与食品卫生学,E-mail:

Research Advances in the Influence of Sous-vide Technology on the Quality of Livestock and Poultry Meat
Wei LIU1 , Wenguang XU1, * , Xianglei GONG1, Xinlei TANG1, Qiuyu WANG1, Yingying LIU1, Zhao ZHAO2, 3, 4, Xiaoyan ZHOU5, *
Affiliations
  • 1Jiangsu College of Tourism, Yangzhou 225000, China
  • 2College of Tourism Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
  • 3Jiangsu Huaiyang Vegetable Industrialization Engineering Research Center, Yangzhou 225000, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage Heritage, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou 225127, China
  • 5Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080087
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低温慢煮技术是一种在精确控制的低温条件下对真空密封食材进行长时间热加工的烹饪方法。与传统热加工方式相比,该技术通过促进胶原蛋白凝胶化、精准调控肌原纤维蛋白变性及水分迁移,显著改善肉品质构特性与嫩度,有效降低蒸煮损失并提高出品率。同时,真空环境有助于抑制脂肪过度氧化,并通过温和加热条件促进美拉德反应与风味前体物质的可控降解,从而丰富挥发性风味物质的组成与含量,提升整体风味品质。本文总结了近年国内外各研究者对低温慢煮对于畜禽肉制品在质构、色泽、嫩度、风味等方面影响的研究成果,旨在为该技术的深入研究和产业化应用提供理论参考,为开发高品质肉类制品提供新途径。

低温慢煮  /  肉类  /  真空  /  品质  /  风味

Sous-vide is a culinary technique involving prolonged thermal processing of vacuum-sealed ingredients under precisely controlled low temperatures. Compared with conventional thermal methods, this approach significantly improves meat texture and tenderness by promoting collagen gelatinization while precisely regulating myofibrillar protein denaturation and water migration, thereby effectively reducing cooking loss and increasing product yield. Meanwhile, the vacuum environment inhibits excessive lipid oxidation and facilitates the controllable degradation of flavor precursors as well as maillard reaction under mild heating conditions. This enriches the composition and content of volatile flavor substances, thereby improving the overall flavor quality. This review synthesizes recent domestic and international research advancements regarding the effects of Sous-vide technology on key quality attributes (including texture, color, tenderness, and flavor profiles) of livestock and poultry meat products. The synthesis aims to provide theoretical foundations for further technological refinement and industrial applications, ultimately contributing to novel pathways for developing premium meat products.

Sous-vide  /  meat  /  vacuum  /  quality  /  flavor
刘薇, 许文广, 贡湘磊, 汤鑫磊, 王秋玉, 刘莹莹, 赵赵, 周晓燕. 低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品品质影响的研究进展. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 516 -524 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080087
Wei LIU, Wenguang XU, Xianglei GONG, Xinlei TANG, Qiuyu WANG, Yingying LIU, Zhao ZHAO, Xiaoyan ZHOU. Research Advances in the Influence of Sous-vide Technology on the Quality of Livestock and Poultry Meat[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 516 -524 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080087
随着现代食品工业不断向绿色、健康与可持续方向发展,新型热加工技术持续涌现,其中低温慢煮技术(Sous-vide,SV)作为一种先进烹饪方法,逐渐受到广泛关注。该技术指将食物置于真空密封袋中,在精确控制的低温条件下进行长时间加热处理的过程[1−2]。其真空环境有效隔绝了氧气,结合水浴介质的稳定传热,使物料受热更为均匀,从而显著提升热传递效率。在相对较低且稳定的加热条件下,该技术能够促使肉类与肉制品的烹饪质地达到高度一致,并获得稳定可重复的烹饪效果[3−4]。近年来,低温慢煮技术已在食品加工领域逐步推广应用,相关研究也日益增多。因此,系统梳理其在畜禽肉制品加工中的应用现状,深入探究其影响机理,具有重要的理论意义与实际应用价值。
目前,国内外学者已认识到低温慢煮技术在烹饪科学与食品加工中的潜力,并开展了系统性研究。已有研究证实,相较于传统加工方式,低温慢煮能够减轻微生物污染、延长食品保鲜期[5−6],改善口感[7];减少水分流失[8];抑制脂肪与蛋白质氧化[9];并有助于保持食物的营养价值[10]。近年来,国内外学者已认识到低温慢煮技术在烹饪科学中的潜力,并开展了系统性探索。这些研究为真空低温技术在多种肉类产品加工中的应用奠定了理论与应用基础,深入揭示了其对肉类品质的多方面影响[11−12]。然而,现有综述多侧重于技术原理的泛泛介绍,或局限于单一类型肉制品(如牛肉、海鲜)及特定品质属性(如微生物安全、质构)的探讨,例如,Yadav等[13]系统概述了该技术在肉类工业的现状与未来趋势。缺乏针对畜禽肉制品这一广泛类别,系统比较和归纳其在色泽、质构、嫩度、保水性及风味等多品质属性方面的影响规律与内在机理的整合分析,尤其缺乏对近年来大量具体肉品案例研究的系统梳理。因此,专门聚焦于畜禽肉制品,系统揭示低温慢煮对其品质形成与调控机理,具有重要的研究必要性和创新空间。
鉴于此,本文立足于畜禽肉制品,在总结已有研究成果的基础上进行深化,系统梳理与对比低温慢煮对各类肉制品关键品质属性的影响,揭示其共性与特性;进一步从微观层面深入剖析其品质变化机理,包括蛋白质变性、水分迁移、胶原蛋白转化、脂质氧化及风味形成路径之间的交互作用。通过系统整合与分析,旨在为开发针对不同畜禽肉制品特性的精准化、定制化低温慢煮工艺提供全面、直接的理论依据与解决方案,从而推动该技术在食品工业中的进一步应用与发展。
低温慢煮技术,源自法语“真空烹饪”,是通过将食材在真空环境下密封,有效隔绝氧气并减少挥发性风味物质的损失,而后置于恒温介质中进行长时间温和加热,最后根据产品需求进行烹调、食用的一种烹调方法[13]。低温慢煮与传统烹饪对肉质的影响如图1与图2所示。这种温和的热处理方式能够最大限度地促进结缔组织中胶原蛋白向明胶的转化,同时精确控制肌原纤维蛋白的变性程度,从而在分子层面调控食材质地,显著改善产品的嫩度、多汁性与风味保留度[14]。其核心特征体现为两点:一是温度控制精度达±0.1 ℃,二是通过真空包装实现食材与加热介质的物理隔离。
低温慢煮作为一种现代精准烹饪技术,其核心工艺包括真空密封、精准低温水浴加热与快速冷却后续处理三个关键环节。目前,低温慢煮技术的应用已从高端餐饮延伸至规模化工业生产领域。在食品工业中,该技术被广泛应用于标准化酱卤制品(如酱牛肉、猪蹄)、即食禽肉产品(如鸡胸肉、鸭胸)以及调理肉制品的开发。尽管如此,低温慢煮在实际应用中也存在一定局限性。真空密封与低温处理工艺难以有效激发一定程度的美拉德反应,无法形成畜禽肉制品特有的烤香风味特征,因此在实际生产中常需结合煎、烤等后续二次加工工序以弥补风味缺陷;其次是存在潜在的微生物污染,针对芽孢杆菌、李斯特菌等耐热菌、厌氧菌的抑制效果仍存在不足[15],全程控制仍需依赖严格的保鲜技术,否则易引发产品质量安全风险。
肉类的色泽是衡量其品质的重要感官指标,直接影响消费者对肉类新鲜度的判断和购买意愿[16],主要被肉类中的肌红蛋白影响[17]。在低温慢煮过程中,肉类色泽(L*、a*、b*值)的变化受温度、时间及真空度的影响,其主要原理涉及水分迁移、蛋白质变性等。有研究将其与更高水平的肌原纤维改变和肌浆蛋白聚集联系起来[18]。表1为低温慢煮对畜禽肉制品色泽的影响相关研究结果。
通过对比传统烹饪工艺,周亚军等[19]与彭子宁[20]的研究表明,低温慢煮在肉类中能显著维持较高a*值,更具优势。在酱卤猪蹄和酱卤牛肉中,其红度显著高于传统煮制,这是由于真空环境有效抑制了肌红蛋白的氧化变性[19−20]。其次,在热处理过程中,食物的色泽亮度L*值与食物内部水分迁移和蛋白质变性程度密切相关[21]。赵南祁等[22]研究表明富硒猪肉L*值随加热时间增加先升后降,可能是加热初期水分由肌纤维内部向表面迁移增强光反射,而持续加热则导致结构收缩与光泽度降低。红绿指标(a*)受加热温度与时间共同调控,如鸡肝与富硒猪肉的a*值均随处理时间延长呈下降趋势,可能与血红素铁氧化及色素物质降解有关;除此之外,在高温条件下,肌红蛋白变性形成高铁肌红蛋白,也会使红度降低。而黄蓝指标(b*)的变化则较为多样,如即食鸡胸肉因高铁肌红蛋白变性导致b*值上升,鸭肉与鹅肉在较高温度下也呈现类似趋势,推测可能与美拉德反应产物及肌红蛋白变性产物的形成有关[23]。值得注意的是,不同畜禽肉品类对工艺参数的响应存在差异,例如水牛肉在55 ℃下具有较高的亮度与较低的红度,而在65 ℃时黄度显著上升,说明肉品本身的生化组成(如肌红蛋白类型、脂肪含量)也可能是关键影响因素。除此之外,在高温条件下,肌红蛋白变性形成高铁肌红蛋白,也会使红度降低。因此,适当时间的加热更能提升肉类的L*值与a*值,促进水分迁移与色素释放,但过长时间则会加剧蛋白质变性与色素损失。
一般来说,用来衡量食品的质构特性有硬度、脆性、弹性、回复性[28]和咀嚼性等几大指标[30]。表2为低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品质构的影响相关研究。低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品质构的调控,本质上是一个通过精确控制热作用来管理蛋白质变性进程与水分迁移状态,进而实现目标质构的复杂过程[31]。现有研究表明,这一过程具有高度的食材特异性,其产生的效果是多种机制协同或相互作用的结果。
质构参数(如硬度、弹性)随时间和温度的变化,可能很大程度上归因于肌原纤维蛋白和胶原蛋白这两种蛋白组分在不同加热条件下的变性程度及其对水分保持能力的直接影响。如赵伟焱等[24]在鸡肝研究中观察到硬度、咀嚼性在50 min前先上升而后下降的现象,由于在加热初期,肌原纤维蛋白变性并聚集,形成一个新的蛋白质网络结构,从而增加了硬度和咀嚼性;同时,结缔组织中的胶原蛋白开始收缩并逐步溶解、转变成明胶,这一凝胶化过程进一步贡献了质构的改善。然而,当加热持续(超过50 min),蛋白质的过度变性和聚集会导致肌纤维严重收缩,挤压并迫使内部水分流失,最终使质地变得“软烂”,硬度和弹性随之下降。这一变化在赵南祁等[22]对富硒猪肉的研究中也得到印证。这种变化在多种肉类中可能普遍存在,但临界点因肉种而异。
其次,加热温度决定了蛋白质变性的类型与程度,以及由此引发的水分保持或流失,这是造成不同温度区间下质构表现迥异的核心。Wereńska等[27]对鹅肉的研究表明在60 ℃的较低温度下,蛋白质(尤其是胶原蛋白)的变性温和而缓慢,能够形成良好的凝胶网络,有效包裹住水分,因此各项质构参数随时间的增加而升高;而当温度升至80 ℃,肌原纤维蛋白会发生剧烈、快速的变性,导致肌纤维急剧收缩,内部水分被大量挤出,即使胶原蛋白的转化仍在进行,也无法弥补水分流失造成的质地劣化,最终导致所有质构参数下降。与高温烹饪相比,低温慢煮的核心优势在于其通过温和且均匀的加热,避免了蛋白质的瞬间剧烈变性和水分的快速蒸发,从而为形成更优的质构(如更高的弹性与胶粘性)创造了条件。徐映雨等[32]关于水煮牛肉的研究结果表明,低温慢煮组虽硬度较低但弹性与胶粘性最高——正是这一优势的体现,较温和的热处理更好地保留了肌原纤维的完整性,并促进了明胶的形成,构建了一个既能保持水分又有良好粘弹性的蛋白质-水分复合体系。但是这一优势并非绝对,Chen等[26]的研究发现,猪肉火腿经低温慢煮后质构参数普遍低于传统组,这可能是因为该产品特有的蛋白质组成和加工方式,使得其在低温慢煮条件下未能形成足够强度的凝胶网络,反而凸显了其保水能力的不足。因此,低温慢煮通过调控蛋白质变性与水分状态实现质构精准管理,其效果取决于食材类型、目标质构及温度-时间组合的协同作用。
肉的嫩度是决定消费者接受度的关键品质指标[34]。通常指咀嚼时肉质易断的程度,可通过剪切力客观量化:剪切力值越小,则肉质越嫩[35−36]。
研究表明,肌纤维越细,肉质越嫩;肌纤维越粗,肉质越差[37]。SV处理后,在真空条件下,肉质中的肌纤维蛋白相互作用,结构发生改变,引起蛋白质的功能特性发生改变,从而影响肉质。表3可知,利用低温慢煮技术对肉质嫩度的影响普遍表现为先升后降的趋势。例如张译[38]研究表明,随着SV处理的加热时间增加,红烧肉中肌原纤维蛋白与胶原蛋白发生收缩,使剪切力增大。而随着持续加热,热效应破坏了肌原纤维蛋白的完整性,表现出易断裂的状态,加之后期蛋白质的收缩变性逐渐停止,胶原蛋白溶解,明胶化增强了水合能力,削弱了肌肉结构的机械强度,同时持续的热作用也使肌原纤维蛋白发生一定程度降解,共同导致剪切力在达到峰值后转为下降,嫩度因此得到改善。刘欣睿等[39]在即食鸡胸肉、赵伟焱等[24]在鸡肝以及彭子宁[20]在酱卤牛肉中也观察到相同规律。
与多数传统高温烹饪方式相比,低温慢煮通常能实现更优的终产品嫩度。Li等[40]在比较鸡胸肉时发现,SV样品的剪切力显著低于传统煮沸组;Chang等[33]的研究也显示,低温慢煮鸭胸肉的剪切力在水煮、煎炸、烘烤等多种烹饪方式中为最低。这主要得益于低温慢煮有效控制了热作用强度,避免了肌原纤维蛋白的剧烈变性与过度收缩,同时为胶原蛋白向明胶的充分转化提供了必要条件。然而,嫩度优化效果亦受肉品类型与工艺参数的显著影响。例如,Kim等[41]在牛排研究中发现,65 ℃下处理12 h的样品剪切力低于处理6 h,说明时间对结缔组织转化至关重要;Lee等[28]则报道马肉在多数SV条件下剪切力显著降低,表明该技术对改善质地粗韧的肉类具有良好潜力,但其具体表现仍因肉种而异。因此,低温慢煮通过调控蛋白质变性、胶原降解与水分保持的综合路径实现对嫩度的改善,其“先紧后松”的剪切力变化模式是肌原纤维与结缔组织在不同加热时间下变化的结果。
蒸煮损失指食品加工过程中因蛋白质热变性引发肌纤维收缩,导致组织紧缩与水分流失的现象;出品率则为加工后成品质量与原料质量的百分比比值。二者作为关键工艺指标,可有效反映食品的质地特性及嫩度水平[42]。有研究表明,在烹饪过程中,由于肉的内部结构和孔隙率的变化、肌原纤维蛋白的收缩以及肌原纤维内部空间的增加,加热处理会导致水分流失[43−44]。
多项研究指出,在适宜的低温条件下(通常低于70 ℃),低温慢煮相较于传统高温烹饪能有效降低蒸煮损失、提高出品率,这主要归因于其温和的热处理方式(表4)。刘欣睿等[39]与Li等[40]的研究均表明,低温慢煮处理的鸡胸肉蒸煮损失显著低于传统煮沸组。周亚军等[19]与彭子宁[20]也报道过,酱卤猪蹄与酱卤牛肉在低温慢煮后出品率更高或烹调损失率更低。其原因可能是真空环境缓解了肌纤维因剧烈热收缩产生的机械挤压,从而显著抑制热敏性蛋白质的不可逆聚集变性,在保障产品感官品质与新鲜度的同时,可降低水分迁移速率并减少营养组分溶出,从而降低蒸煮损失。其次,工艺参数-特别是温度与时间,对出品率有决定性影响,且二者常表现出交互作用。赵南祁等[22]对富硒猪肉的研究显示,在60~70 ℃时水分损失较少,而当温度升至80 ℃及以上时,蒸煮损失显著增加。Zhang等[25]对鸭肉的研究也观察到,在所有测试温度下,蒸煮损失均随时间的延长而增加。造成这一现象的原因是加热时间和温度的增加,肌原纤维蛋白、胶原蛋白和肌动蛋白的变性程度升高,肌浆蛋白等可溶性蛋白随水释放,肌球蛋白和肌动蛋白变性降低了与水的结合亲和力,导致蒸煮损失增加[45]。该特性不仅显著影响蒸煮损失率,同时通过肌纤维-水分之间的相互作用,对产品嫩度产生协同调控效应[20,22]。值得注意的是,Wereńska等[27]对鹅肉以及Haq等[29]对水牛肉的研究进一步证实,在更低的温度下(如55~60 ℃)进行长时间烹饪,通常能获得更低的蒸煮损失。
然而,低温慢煮的保水优势并非绝对,其效果受到肉品本身化学成分与结构的显著调节。徐映雨等[32]的研究发现水煮牛肉经低温慢煮后,其出品率并非最高,反而低于微波加热组。Chen等[26]对猪肉火腿的研究也指出,仅在低于60 ℃的低温慢煮条件下蒸煮损失较低,当温度升至65 ℃时,其损失甚至高于传统的煮沸或烘烤组。因此,对于某些特定产品(如经过预处理的肉制品或脂肪、结缔组织含量与分布特异的肉品),其蛋白质的变化可能不同,低温慢煮的保水效果可能因此被削弱或在特定参数下反而不具优势。
风味是肉质在烹饪过程中风味前体物质经过一系列复杂的化学反应,如美拉德反应,脂肪氧化降解等,各种产物相互作用形成的独特香味[47]。通过大量实验研究证明,低温慢煮技术通过精准控温和长时间温和加热,能够显著改变畜禽肉类的挥发性风味物质组成[48],这主要是由于畜禽肉中的脂质氧化降解、氨基酸和肽热降解,同时,不饱和脂肪酸的化学氧化以及通过Strecker降解与蛋白质、肽和游离氨基酸的进一步相互作用从而增强风味[4,40]。表5为低温慢煮技术对畜禽肉制品挥发性风味物质的影响的相关研究结果。
在提升风味物质多样性方面,低温慢煮有助于增加风味物质种类与复杂性。周亚军等[19]的研究表明,采用低温慢煮工艺的酱卤猪蹄中鉴定出49种挥发性风味物质,其种类数量超过蒸制(39种)、煮制和微波处理(均为43种)等传统加工方式。这一趋势在Li等[40]对鸡胸肉的研究中得到进一步验证:低温慢煮组检出的挥发性化合物数量达到83种,而传统煮沸组仅为55种,增幅超过50%。彭子宁[20]在酱卤牛肉中也检测到涵盖醇类、醛类、酮类等10大类的52种挥发性成分,证实了低温慢煮在丰富风味物质组成方面的潜力。
从关键风味物质类别的变化来看,低温慢煮对醛类、醇类等关键风味物质的生成与保留具有积极作用。Zhang等[25]在鸭肉研究中发现醛类是主要挥发性成分,其浓度变化与温度和时间密切关联。赵伟焱等[24]在鸡肝研究中同样观察到SV样品中醛类、醇类等含氧化合物含量显著增加。值得注意的是,Lee等[28]在马肉研究中发现壬醛等关键醛类物质在SV处理后显著增加,这些物质直接来源于脂质氧化,对肉品风味轮廓的形成具有重要贡献。
与传统高温烹饪方式相比,低温慢煮在风味品质调控上表现出独特价值。卢雪松等[49]对牦牛酸醡肉的研究显示,低温慢煮产品的整体风味轮廓与微波、空气炸锅处理较为接近,而与煎、烤、炸等高温烹饪方式差异显著,说明加热强度对最终风味特征的形成具有决定性影响,这与低温环境下美拉德反应程度有关。Jiang等[4]在红烧肉研究中的发现进一步支持这一观点:适当温度的低温慢煮处理能够形成与传统工艺相似的风味化合物组成,同时避免了高温加工可能导致的过度氧化及异味物质生成。
然而,食材本身的结构特征与温度同样可能会是改变低温慢煮风味形成的因素[50]。Zhang等[25]的研究揭示了不同温度区间下鸭肉风味物质变化的差异性规律,表明工艺参数的细微调整可能显著影响最终风味轮廓。Cheng等[51]在红烧鸡研究中的发现,不同温度时间下低温慢煮对部分肉品的风味影响相对有限,仅对1-戊醇、庚醛、辛醛等少数化合物的含量产生微弱影响。因此,与传统高温烹饪相比,低温慢煮不仅减少高温裂解产生的异味物质(如杂环胺),还通过延长加热激活酶促反应,优化美拉德反应与脂质氧化的平衡,最终提升风味层次纯净度与复杂性,成为改善畜禽肉风味品质的有效手段。
低温慢煮技术作为一种精准调控的热加工方式,通过其独特的真空密封与温和加热条件,对畜禽肉制品的综合品质产生了深刻影响。在质构与嫩度方面,通过精确控制肌原纤维蛋白变性程度与促进胶原蛋白凝胶化,有效改善了肉品的嫩度、多汁性与质地均匀性,在保水性方面,真空环境与低温热处理协同作用,减轻了肌纤维的剧烈收缩与水分的强制迁移,从而显著降低了蒸煮损失,提高了出品率。在风味方面,密封环境抑制了风味物质的挥发与脂肪的过度氧化,同时温和而长时间的加热促进了美拉德反应与风味前体物质的可控降解,生成了更为丰富、协调的挥发性风味化合物,提升了整体风味的复杂度与纯净度。
尽管低温慢煮技术优势显著,但其在实际应用中仍面临挑战,未来研究需要深化品质形成的机理研究,借助蛋白质组学、代谢组学等现代分子生物学技术,从分子水平进一步揭示蛋白质变性、水分迁移与风味物质形成的动态过程与交互作用机制;需建立精准化与标准化的工艺体系,针对不同物种、不同部位及不同初始状态的畜禽肉品,系统构建“工艺参数-品质响应”数据库与预测模型,实现从“经验烹饪”到“精准设计”的跨越;关注微生物安全与控制技术,尤其需加强对耐热性微生物(如芽孢杆菌)在低温长时间条件下的灭活动力学研究,并探索与非热杀菌技术(如高压处理、脉冲电场)的联用,制定确保产品安全的HACCP规范;推动低成本装备研发与标准化体系建设,以促进该技术在肉类工业中的规模化应用。未来通过加强以上涉及到的多学科交叉与技术融合研究,低温慢煮技术有望成为肉类工业高品质发展的重要支撑。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080087
  • 接收时间:2025-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11
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    1江苏旅游职业学院,江苏扬州 225000
    2扬州大学旅游烹饪学院,江苏扬州 225127
    3江苏省淮扬菜产业化工程研究中心,江苏扬州 225000
    4中餐非遗技艺传承文化和旅游部重点实验室,江苏扬州 225127
    5上海中侨职业技术大学,上海 201514

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许文广(1987−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:烹饪教育教学,E-mail:
周晓燕(1964−),男,本科,教授,研究方向:烹饪科学与工程研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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