Article(id=1320882291669316601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010224, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852479139, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852479139, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852479139, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852479139, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882291870643194, articleId=1320882291669316601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Variation Patterns of Mung Bean Polyphenols during Cooking Processes and Their Regulatory Effects on Heat Stress-induced Apoptosis in Caco-2 Cells, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study extracted polyphenols from mung beans subjected to varying cooking times and subsequently determined their total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and individual phenolic profile. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate the effect of polyphenols extracted from mung bean on apoptosis induced by heat stress. The results showed that mung beans cooked for 25 min yielded polyphenols with the highest content (16.017 mg/g) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH: 90.733%; ABTS+: 89.997%; T-AOC: 90.423 U/mL). Consequently, this extract was selected for all subsequent experiments. Compared with heat stress group (HS), polyphenols extracted from mung bean after cooking for 25 min could significantly inhibit the mRNA (1.336, 1.319, 1.354) of heat shock proteins (Hsp27, Hsp70, Hsp90) and apoptotic protein expression (Bax: 1.212) (P<0.05), decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mung bean polyphenol prevention group (Pro-mbp 157.96%), mung bean polyphenol remission group (Rem-mbp: 163.48%). Compared with Rem-mbp, the expressions of Pro-mbp BCL-2 (0.976) and Bcl-2 (0.696) were increased, while the expressions of CYCS (1.323), CASP3 (1.496), PARP1 (1.208) and related proteins were decreased. The results indicated that the effect of polyphenols extracted from mung bean boiled for 25 min on the prevention of heat stress was greater than the relief effect. After boiling mung bean for 25 min, polyphenols extracted from mung bean reduced intracellular ROS content, regulated HSP27 (HS: 1.015, NAC (ROS inhibitor): 0.832, Pro-mbp+NAC: 0.482, Rem-mbp+NAC: 0.697), HSP70 (HS: 1.013, NAC: 0.856, Pro-mbp+NAC: 0.497, Rem-mbp+NAC: 0.732), and HSP90 (HS: 1.016, NAC: 0.873, Pro-mbp+NAC: 0.501, Rem-mbp+NAC: 0.726), confirmed that heat stress-induced apoptosis was related to the mitochondrial pathway mediated by Caspase, thereby inhibiting heat stress-induced apoptosis. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the related pathways of heat stress regulation by polyphenols extracted from mung bean.

, authors=Fei YU1, Tong WU1, Yuchao FENG1, Tianxin FU1, Shu ZHANG1, Changyuan WANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Fei YU, Tong WU, Yuchao FENG, Tianxin FU, Shu ZHANG, Changyuan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Changyuan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882296962527249, articleId=1320882291669316601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=绿豆多酚在煮制加工中的变化规律及其对热应激诱导的Caco-2细胞凋亡的调控作用, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以绿豆为原料,通过提取不同煮制时间处理的多酚,测定多酚含量、抗氧化活性及单体酚组成。采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应RT-PCR和Western blotting等技术深入探究了煮制加工绿豆提取多酚对热应激诱导的细胞凋亡的影响机制。结果显示,煮制25 min的绿豆具有较高的多酚含量(16.017 mg/g)和抗氧化活性(DPPH:90.733%;ABTS+:89.997%;T-AOC:90.423 U/mL),可用于后续实验;与热应激组(Heat stress,HS)相比,煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚能够显著抑制热休克蛋白(Hsp27、Hsp70、Hsp90)的mRNA(1.336、1.319、1.354)及凋亡蛋白表达(Bax:1.212)(P<0.05),降低细胞内活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量,绿豆多酚预防组(Mung bean polyphenol prevention group,Pro-mbp:157.96%),绿豆多酚缓解组(Mung bean polyphenol remission group,Rem-mbp:163.48%);与Rem-mbp相比,Pro-mbp BCL-2(0.976)和Bcl-2(0.696)表达升高,CYCS(1.323)、CASP3(1.496)和PARP1(1.208)及相关蛋白质表达降低,表明煮制25 min的绿豆提取多酚对热应激的预防作用大于缓解作用。煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚通过降低细胞内ROS含量,调节HSP27(HS:1.015,NAC(ROS抑制剂):0.832,Pro-mbp+NAC:0.482,Rem-mbp+NAC:0.697)、HSP70(HS:1.013,NAC:0.856,Pro-mbp+NAC:0.497,Rem-mbp+NAC:0.732)、HSP90(HS:1.016,NAC:0.873,Pro-mbp+NAC:0.501,Rem-mbp+NAC:0.726)的表达,证实热应激诱导的细胞凋亡与Caspase介导的线粒体通路有关,从而抑制热应激诱导的细胞凋亡。本研究为后续探究煮制加工绿豆提取多酚调控热应激的相关通路提供理论依据。

, authors=于飞1, 吴彤1, 冯玉超1, 富天昕1, 张舒1, 王长远1, 2, *, authorsList=于飞, 吴彤, 冯玉超, 富天昕, 张舒, 王长远, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王长远, authorNote=

于飞(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王长远(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
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Molecules, 2022, 27(9): 2946., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882298740912146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882298749300755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, companyId=1320882298740912146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882298757689364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, companyId=1320882298740912146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882298837381141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882298845769750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, companyId=1320882298837381141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882298854158359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, companyId=1320882298837381141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882301223940161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of cooking time on polyphenol content, purity, and antioxidant capacity of mung bean, figureFileSmall=kQAnYO9XNZ/nSuYVmeAjxg==, figureFileBig=Y1DSDMk3YR8AM4JZ6sfiIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882301295243330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图1, caption=煮制时间对绿豆提取多酚含量、纯度和抗氧化能力的影响

注:a.不同煮制时间下绿豆的多酚含量;b~c.经过AB-8树脂纯化前后不同煮制时间下绿豆提取多酚的纯度;d~f.不同煮制时间下绿豆提取多酚的抗氧化能力;不同字母表示显著差异,P<0.05;图2~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=kQAnYO9XNZ/nSuYVmeAjxg==, figureFileBig=Y1DSDMk3YR8AM4JZ6sfiIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303061045315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different concentrations of polyphenols extracted from mung bean for 25 min and Vc on cell survival rate, figureFileSmall=d1hKXz3Lxr3IABKSeBDX1A==, figureFileBig=C6/xBfIMH/uha7uZ1vchhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303149125700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同浓度的煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚和VC对细胞存活率的影响, figureFileSmall=d1hKXz3Lxr3IABKSeBDX1A==, figureFileBig=C6/xBfIMH/uha7uZ1vchhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303241400389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different concentrations of polyphenols extracted from mung bean for 25 min and VC on mRNA levels of HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 in heat-stressed cells, figureFileSmall=JT4fYG2+CAN37mf1r37KLQ==, figureFileBig=uo5Mp3P+MHnDNVRR4ZIQAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303308509254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同浓度的煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚和VC对热应激细胞中HSP27、HSP70和HSP90 mRNA水平的影响, figureFileSmall=JT4fYG2+CAN37mf1r37KLQ==, figureFileBig=uo5Mp3P+MHnDNVRR4ZIQAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303375618119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of polyphenols extracted from mung bean after boiling for 25 min on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Caco-2 cells, figureFileSmall=AR2n4Uer5KZw0ABlbmnpLw==, figureFileBig=Q9lRwHMI8XypYfn7RD9h0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303472087112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图4, caption=煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚对Caco-2细胞中抗氧化酶活性的影响

注:a~d.各组中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性和MDA含量。

, figureFileSmall=AR2n4Uer5KZw0ABlbmnpLw==, figureFileBig=Q9lRwHMI8XypYfn7RD9h0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303547584585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Expression of ROS in cells of mung bean polyphenols in preventing and relieving heat stress, figureFileSmall=DwtyDNTFRVrwbXp6p357OA==, figureFileBig=SCpHbZn5o5lOlXYNcum0xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303610499146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图5, caption=绿豆多酚在预防和缓解热应激中的细胞ROS表达, figureFileSmall=DwtyDNTFRVrwbXp6p357OA==, figureFileBig=SCpHbZn5o5lOlXYNcum0xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303677608011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of polyphenols extracted from mung bean after boiling for 25 min on apoptosis induced by heat stress, figureFileSmall=us+t+8tDQiVkl4jhXaMp6w==, figureFileBig=Eu/Q7ISlCsS2xV+xUZk3BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303748911180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图6, caption=煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚对热应激诱导的细胞凋亡的影响

注:a.荧光显微镜下的细胞凋亡(200倍);b.通过荧光显微镜定量细胞凋亡。

, figureFileSmall=us+t+8tDQiVkl4jhXaMp6w==, figureFileBig=Eu/Q7ISlCsS2xV+xUZk3BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303820214349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of polyphenols extracted from mung bean after boiling for 25 min on mRNA and protein expression levels of heat shock protein and key apoptotic factors, figureFileSmall=7HzI9KV50DejyTVz/0pfzg==, figureFileBig=eFMuff9A19v721Qt+Xg6pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303899906126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图7, caption=煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚对热休克蛋白和关键凋亡因子的mRNA和蛋白表达水平的影响

注:a.热应激处理下绿豆多酚的细胞中的热休克蛋白和凋亡因子mRNA的表达结果;b.热休克蛋白和凋亡蛋白条带结果;c.通过Image-Pro plus V6.0软件对蛋白条带进行定量。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=7HzI9KV50DejyTVz/0pfzg==, figureFileBig=eFMuff9A19v721Qt+Xg6pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882303967014991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of polyphenols extracted from mung bean after boiling for 25 min on the levels of intracellular apoptotic protein and Hsp70, figureFileSmall=hyfgCRbly6WvHrAQHP1K8w==, figureFileBig=HHCpk+fUpJv3txn50sGk1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882304042512464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图8, caption=煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚对细胞内凋亡蛋白和Hsp70水平的影响

注:a.在添加VER-155008抑制剂到绿豆多酚中时,HSP70和凋亡因子mRNA表达结果;b.Hsp70和凋亡蛋白Western blot结果;c.通过Image-Pro plus V6.0软件对蛋白条带进行定量。与HS组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;&代表组间比较差异显著,P<0.05;图9~图11同。

, figureFileSmall=hyfgCRbly6WvHrAQHP1K8w==, figureFileBig=HHCpk+fUpJv3txn50sGk1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882304113815633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of polyphenols extracted from mung bean after boiling for 25 min on the levels of intracellular apoptotic protein and Hsp90, figureFileSmall=Am3/iq6TUiBAuuoWC5t61g==, figureFileBig=446Y7vbh63Kh9gtQQhyJBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882304180924498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图9, caption=煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚对细胞内凋亡蛋白和Hsp90水平的影响

注:a.在添加Tanespimycin抑制剂到绿豆多酚中时,HSP90和凋亡因子mRNA表达结果;b.Hsp90和凋亡蛋白Western blot结果;c.通过Image-Pro plus V6.0软件对蛋白条带进行定量。

, figureFileSmall=Am3/iq6TUiBAuuoWC5t61g==, figureFileBig=446Y7vbh63Kh9gtQQhyJBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882304248033363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effects of polyphenols extracted from mung bean after boiling for 25 min on the levels of intracellular apoptotic protein and Hsp27, figureFileSmall=YPSIhzzEJKT7DR6fkeCy+g==, figureFileBig=YVC/isDby2+012b+VeC/EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882304331919444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图10, caption=煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚对细胞内凋亡蛋白和Hsp27水平的影响

注:a.在添加HSP27抑制剂J2到绿豆多酚中时,HSP27和凋亡因子mRNA表达结果;b.Hsp27和凋亡蛋白Western blot结果;c.通过Image-Pro plus V6.0软件对蛋白条带进行定量。

, figureFileSmall=YPSIhzzEJKT7DR6fkeCy+g==, figureFileBig=YVC/isDby2+012b+VeC/EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882304386445397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Polyphenols extracted from mung beans boiled for 25 min prevent and alleviate heat stress by reducing intracellular Hsp27, Hsp70, Hsp90 and apoptotic protein expression levels, figureFileSmall=JE59sF6tG7TUfTojiVT2YQ==, figureFileBig=18vdEuK0fZt1gVTSGqjyCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882304453554262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=图11, caption=煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚通过降低细胞内Hsp27、Hsp70、Hsp90和凋亡蛋白的表达水平来预防和改善热应激

注:a.使用RT-qPCR检测在NAC抑制剂处理的绿豆多酚中的HSP27、HSP70、HSP90和凋亡蛋白的表达水平;b.使用Western blot检测添加NAC抑制剂的绿豆多酚在预防和改善热应激中的Hsp27、Hsp70、Hsp90和凋亡蛋白条带;c.使用Image-Pro Plus V6.0软件定量确定添加NAC抑制剂后,绿豆多酚中Hsp27、Hsp70、Hsp90和凋亡蛋白的预防和改善效果。

, figureFileSmall=JE59sF6tG7TUfTojiVT2YQ==, figureFileBig=18vdEuK0fZt1gVTSGqjyCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882304529051735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因上游引物/下游引物退火温度
(℃)
PCR产物大小(bp)
HSP27GATGGCGTGGTGGAGATCA60150
GGTGACTGGGATGGTGATCT
HSP70TTGAAGAGCAACAGCAGCAG60248
GCTGATTCTCGATTGGCAGG
HSP90GAAACTGCGCTCCTGTCTTC60239
CCTTCTTCTTGGCGTTCTTG
BAXAAGAAGCTGAGCGAGTGTCT60181
GTTCTGATCAGTTCCGGCAC
BCL-2GGATAACGGAGGCTGGGATG60156
TGACTTCACTTGTGGCCCAG
CYCSACAGAAACCAGGCAGCCTTT60123
CAGGGACTGTGCTCTGGAAG
CASP3GGCGGTTGTAGAAGAGTTTCG6053
ACACAGCCACAGGTATGAGC
PARP1AGCGTGTTTCTAGGTCGTGG60194
CATCAAACATGGGCGACTGC
ACTBCCCTGGAGAAGAGCTACGAG60240
CGTACAGGTCTTTGCGGATG
), ArticleFig(id=1320882304625520728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因上游引物/下游引物退火温度
(℃)
PCR产物大小(bp)
HSP27GATGGCGTGGTGGAGATCA60150
GGTGACTGGGATGGTGATCT
HSP70TTGAAGAGCAACAGCAGCAG60248
GCTGATTCTCGATTGGCAGG
HSP90GAAACTGCGCTCCTGTCTTC60239
CCTTCTTCTTGGCGTTCTTG
BAXAAGAAGCTGAGCGAGTGTCT60181
GTTCTGATCAGTTCCGGCAC
BCL-2GGATAACGGAGGCTGGGATG60156
TGACTTCACTTGTGGCCCAG
CYCSACAGAAACCAGGCAGCCTTT60123
CAGGGACTGTGCTCTGGAAG
CASP3GGCGGTTGTAGAAGAGTTTCG6053
ACACAGCCACAGGTATGAGC
PARP1AGCGTGTTTCTAGGTCGTGG60194
CATCAAACATGGGCGACTGC
ACTBCCCTGGAGAAGAGCTACGAG60240
CGTACAGGTCTTTGCGGATG
), ArticleFig(id=1320882304692629593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Identification of polyphenols in mung bean soup and cooked mung bean

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号多酚LDTZLD序号多酚LDTZLD
14-羟基肉桂酸++22芒柄花苷−+
2番荔枝苷++23南非醉茄素−+
3大豆苷++24儿茶素++
4牡荆素++25甘草酚I++
5七叶苷−+26甘草酚K++
6咖啡酸++27芹菜素7-O-(2''-O-乙酰基葡萄糖苷)−+
7表儿茶素++285,7-二羟基-2-(4-羟基苯基)-8-[3,4,5-三羟基-6-(羟甲基) 四氢吡喃-2-基]-4H - 色烯-4-酮−+
8荭草苷++29脱氢新橙皮苷元−+
9(2R,3S)-鱼藤酸++306-羟基-2-苯基-4H-色烯-4-酮−+
10姜黄素++31对香豆素−+
11木犀草素-7-葡萄糖苷−+32山奈酚-7-葡萄糖苷++
12间香豆酸++33柚皮素++
13阿魏酸++342-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-3,5,7-三羟基-3,4-二氢-2H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮−+
14槲皮素++35香叶木素-7-新橙皮糖苷−+
15异牡荆素++36根皮素 2'-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷−+
16没食子酸++37异荭草苷++
173-(3,4-二羟基-5-甲氧基)-2-丙烯酸++38小麦黄素阿拉伯糖苷−+
18反式阿魏酸+−393'- 甲氧基岩白菜酸−+
19木犀草素++40姜烯酮 C−+
20艾黄素++41二氢芥子酸−+
21大豆黄素苷++42甘草酚 O−+
), ArticleFig(id=1320882304789098586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882291669316601, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

绿豆汤和煮制绿豆中多酚成分的鉴定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号多酚LDTZLD序号多酚LDTZLD
14-羟基肉桂酸++22芒柄花苷−+
2番荔枝苷++23南非醉茄素−+
3大豆苷++24儿茶素++
4牡荆素++25甘草酚I++
5七叶苷−+26甘草酚K++
6咖啡酸++27芹菜素7-O-(2''-O-乙酰基葡萄糖苷)−+
7表儿茶素++285,7-二羟基-2-(4-羟基苯基)-8-[3,4,5-三羟基-6-(羟甲基) 四氢吡喃-2-基]-4H - 色烯-4-酮−+
8荭草苷++29脱氢新橙皮苷元−+
9(2R,3S)-鱼藤酸++306-羟基-2-苯基-4H-色烯-4-酮−+
10姜黄素++31对香豆素−+
11木犀草素-7-葡萄糖苷−+32山奈酚-7-葡萄糖苷++
12间香豆酸++33柚皮素++
13阿魏酸++342-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-3,5,7-三羟基-3,4-二氢-2H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮−+
14槲皮素++35香叶木素-7-新橙皮糖苷−+
15异牡荆素++36根皮素 2'-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷−+
16没食子酸++37异荭草苷++
173-(3,4-二羟基-5-甲氧基)-2-丙烯酸++38小麦黄素阿拉伯糖苷−+
18反式阿魏酸+−393'- 甲氧基岩白菜酸−+
19木犀草素++40姜烯酮 C−+
20艾黄素++41二氢芥子酸−+
21大豆黄素苷++42甘草酚 O−+
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绿豆多酚在煮制加工中的变化规律及其对热应激诱导的Caco-2细胞凋亡的调控作用
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于飞 1 , 吴彤 1 , 冯玉超 1 , 富天昕 1 , 张舒 1 , 王长远 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(1): 1-15
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (1) : 1 -15
绿豆多酚在煮制加工中的变化规律及其对热应激诱导的Caco-2细胞凋亡的调控作用
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于飞1 , 吴彤1, 冯玉超1, 富天昕1, 张舒1, 王长远1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
通讯作者:
王长远(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

于飞(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

Variation Patterns of Mung Bean Polyphenols during Cooking Processes and Their Regulatory Effects on Heat Stress-induced Apoptosis in Caco-2 Cells
Fei YU1 , Tong WU1, Yuchao FENG1, Tianxin FU1, Shu ZHANG1, Changyuan WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 2National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010224
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本研究以绿豆为原料,通过提取不同煮制时间处理的多酚,测定多酚含量、抗氧化活性及单体酚组成。采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应RT-PCR和Western blotting等技术深入探究了煮制加工绿豆提取多酚对热应激诱导的细胞凋亡的影响机制。结果显示,煮制25 min的绿豆具有较高的多酚含量(16.017 mg/g)和抗氧化活性(DPPH:90.733%;ABTS+:89.997%;T-AOC:90.423 U/mL),可用于后续实验;与热应激组(Heat stress,HS)相比,煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚能够显著抑制热休克蛋白(Hsp27、Hsp70、Hsp90)的mRNA(1.336、1.319、1.354)及凋亡蛋白表达(Bax:1.212)(P<0.05),降低细胞内活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量,绿豆多酚预防组(Mung bean polyphenol prevention group,Pro-mbp:157.96%),绿豆多酚缓解组(Mung bean polyphenol remission group,Rem-mbp:163.48%);与Rem-mbp相比,Pro-mbp BCL-2(0.976)和Bcl-2(0.696)表达升高,CYCS(1.323)、CASP3(1.496)和PARP1(1.208)及相关蛋白质表达降低,表明煮制25 min的绿豆提取多酚对热应激的预防作用大于缓解作用。煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚通过降低细胞内ROS含量,调节HSP27(HS:1.015,NAC(ROS抑制剂):0.832,Pro-mbp+NAC:0.482,Rem-mbp+NAC:0.697)、HSP70(HS:1.013,NAC:0.856,Pro-mbp+NAC:0.497,Rem-mbp+NAC:0.732)、HSP90(HS:1.016,NAC:0.873,Pro-mbp+NAC:0.501,Rem-mbp+NAC:0.726)的表达,证实热应激诱导的细胞凋亡与Caspase介导的线粒体通路有关,从而抑制热应激诱导的细胞凋亡。本研究为后续探究煮制加工绿豆提取多酚调控热应激的相关通路提供理论依据。

绿豆多酚  /  煮制时间  /  热休克蛋白  /  ROS  /  细胞凋亡

This study extracted polyphenols from mung beans subjected to varying cooking times and subsequently determined their total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and individual phenolic profile. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate the effect of polyphenols extracted from mung bean on apoptosis induced by heat stress. The results showed that mung beans cooked for 25 min yielded polyphenols with the highest content (16.017 mg/g) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH: 90.733%; ABTS+: 89.997%; T-AOC: 90.423 U/mL). Consequently, this extract was selected for all subsequent experiments. Compared with heat stress group (HS), polyphenols extracted from mung bean after cooking for 25 min could significantly inhibit the mRNA (1.336, 1.319, 1.354) of heat shock proteins (Hsp27, Hsp70, Hsp90) and apoptotic protein expression (Bax: 1.212) (P<0.05), decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mung bean polyphenol prevention group (Pro-mbp 157.96%), mung bean polyphenol remission group (Rem-mbp: 163.48%). Compared with Rem-mbp, the expressions of Pro-mbp BCL-2 (0.976) and Bcl-2 (0.696) were increased, while the expressions of CYCS (1.323), CASP3 (1.496), PARP1 (1.208) and related proteins were decreased. The results indicated that the effect of polyphenols extracted from mung bean boiled for 25 min on the prevention of heat stress was greater than the relief effect. After boiling mung bean for 25 min, polyphenols extracted from mung bean reduced intracellular ROS content, regulated HSP27 (HS: 1.015, NAC (ROS inhibitor): 0.832, Pro-mbp+NAC: 0.482, Rem-mbp+NAC: 0.697), HSP70 (HS: 1.013, NAC: 0.856, Pro-mbp+NAC: 0.497, Rem-mbp+NAC: 0.732), and HSP90 (HS: 1.016, NAC: 0.873, Pro-mbp+NAC: 0.501, Rem-mbp+NAC: 0.726), confirmed that heat stress-induced apoptosis was related to the mitochondrial pathway mediated by Caspase, thereby inhibiting heat stress-induced apoptosis. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the related pathways of heat stress regulation by polyphenols extracted from mung bean.

mung bean polyphenols  /  cooking time  /  heat shock protein (HSP)  /  ROS  /  apoptosis
于飞, 吴彤, 冯玉超, 富天昕, 张舒, 王长远. 绿豆多酚在煮制加工中的变化规律及其对热应激诱导的Caco-2细胞凋亡的调控作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 1 -15 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010224
Fei YU, Tong WU, Yuchao FENG, Tianxin FU, Shu ZHANG, Changyuan WANG. Variation Patterns of Mung Bean Polyphenols during Cooking Processes and Their Regulatory Effects on Heat Stress-induced Apoptosis in Caco-2 Cells[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 1 -15 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010224
热应激(Heat stress)是指生物体在高温环境刺激下,因产热与散热稳态失衡而引发的非特异性生理反应总和[1]。随着全球气候变暖趋势的加剧,极端高温天气事件频发[2],热应激已成为威胁公共卫生安全的重要挑战之一。其对人类健康的影响日益显著,不仅导致多种热相关疾病的发病率上升,并且还可能对经济、社会和环境产生负面效应[3]。因此,探索快速有效的预防和缓解策略已成为当前研究的热点。
绿豆(Vigna radiata),又称青小豆,是我国传统杂粮作物之一,在《本草纲目》中即有“疏热解毒、消渴饮水”功效记载[4]。研究表明,绿豆富含多种生物活性物质,包括多酚类化合物、生物活性肽、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及几丁质酶等[5−7]。其中,多酚类物质因其含量丰富且具有显著的生理活性而备受营养学和食品科学领域的关注。绿豆中的多酚主要包括酚酸类(如咖啡酸、香豆酸、阿魏酸和没食子酸)和黄酮类(如牡荆素、异牡荆素和槲皮素)化合物[8−9]。这些多酚类物质因其强大的抗氧化特性,在缓解热应激方面具有潜在的应用价值[10]。热应激状态下,机体会产生大量活性氧(ROS),导致抗氧化系统受损,氧化物质清除能力下降,进而破坏内环境稳态,诱发氧化应激[11−12]。已有研究表明,天然多酚类物质如茶多酚和阿魏酸等可通过调节抗氧化酶活性和热休克蛋白表达来缓解热应激。此外,阿魏酸可通过降低ROS、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)水平,同时提高SOD活性,有效抑制热应激诱导的肠道氧化应激[13]。然而,尽管多酚缓解热应激的研究已取得一定进展,但关于不同加工方式对绿豆多酚调节热应激功效的影响及其调节热应激的作用机制研究还未见报道。
煮制作为绿豆最常用的加工方式之一,显著影响其生物活性功能。研究表明,不同的热处理方式对谷物中多酚类物质的含量和活性具有显著影响。张欢[14]通过比较不同蒸煮方式处理糙米发现,高压蒸煮可使糙米多酚含量提高15.58%,而其他蒸煮方式则导致多酚含量下降,但蒸煮后的多酚仍保持抗氧化活性。值得注意的是,绿豆作为复杂的食品体系,其含有的抗营养因子(如单宁、植酸、皂苷等)会显著降低多酚的生物利用度。虽然热处理能够有效减少或去除这些抗营养因子,但其对绿豆多酚的营养和生物活性成分的影响则取决于具体的加工时间。例如,薛璐璐[15]研究热处理方式对绿豆和奶白花芸豆抗营养因子的抑制作用,结果表明,蒸煮时间在30 min时皂苷和单宁含量下降最多。刘璐等[16]发现蒸煮时间为90 min时糙米多酚含量最高、抗氧化活性最好。曾子聪[17]发现糙米多酚经过不同温度的热液处理30 min后,其多酚含量、黄酮含量以及抗氧化性均降低;且随着处理时间的延长,其多酚含量、黄酮含量以及抗氧化性均有所回升。因此,深入研究煮制时间对绿豆多酚类物质含量、生物活性及其缓解热应激诱导细胞凋亡的作用机制,不仅具有重要的理论价值,还可为优化绿豆加工工艺提供科学依据。
Caco-2细胞是一种功能和结构类似于成熟小肠上皮细胞的人肠上皮细胞模型,常被用作肠上皮细胞的热应激模型[18−19],因此本研究选择Caco-2细胞,探讨煮制加工绿豆多酚调节热应激的作用机制。先前的研究[20]发现,牡荆素、荭草苷和咖啡酸是绿豆中具有调控热应激作用的单体酚,通过建立轻、中、重度(39、41、43 ℃)热应激细胞模型,确定最佳热应激建模时间为6 h。基于此,本研究采用人肠上皮细胞系(Caco-2)作为模型,模拟人体中暑的温度和时间(41 ℃,6 h),考察煮制加工绿豆多酚对热应激的预防和缓解作用,旨在阐明煮制加工绿豆多酚调节热应激诱导的细胞凋亡的机制,从而为缓解热应激提供研究基础。
绿豆 市售;石油醚、无水乙醇 中国辽宁泉瑞试剂有限公司;DPPH、ABTS+、总抗氧化(T-AOC)试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)试剂盒、过氧化氢酶(CAT)试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒 南京建成生物科技有限公司;维生素C(Vitamin C,VC) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;Caco-2细胞 武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司;Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)细胞增殖与毒性检测试剂盒 北京兰杰柯科技有限公司;AB-8大孔树脂 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;Annexin V-FITC/PI细胞凋亡检测试剂盒 上海碧云天生物有限公司;胰蛋白酶-EDTA(0.25%) 赛默飞世尔科技中国有限公司;Tanespimycin(Hsp90抑制剂)、VER-155008(Hsp70抑制剂)、HSP27 inhibitor J2(Hsp27抑制剂)、NAC(ROS抑制剂) 美国MCE生物科技公司;TRIzol试剂、PrimeScript RT试剂盒、TB Green Premix Ex Taq试剂盒 宝日医生物技术有限公司;所有分离用有机溶剂均为国产分析纯。
Cary 60紫外分光光度计 美国安捷伦公司;RE-2000E旋转蒸发仪 上海耀特仪器有限公司;FW100高速粉碎机 沙鹰科学仪器(上海)有限公司;DK-S24数显恒温水浴锅 上海双旭电子有限公司;VL-220B高速冷冻离心机 长沙湘仪有限责任公司;S10-3磁力搅拌器 上海司乐仪器有限公司;Varioskan LUX多功能酶标仪 赛默飞科技有限公司;CKX41倒置显微镜 日本Olympus公司;Mini-Protean 4电泳仪 美国Bio-Rad公司;AI600化学成像系统 美国GE公司;qTOWER高速荧光定量PCR仪 德国Jena AG公司;Amersham Imager6oo超灵敏多功能成像仪 英国Cytiva(思拓凡)公司。
参照Zhang等[21]方法并进行修改,绿豆清洗后烘干至恒重,绿豆/水的比例1:5(w/v)在100 ℃下煮10、15、20、25、30 min,用纱布过滤网(20 cm×30 cm)将不同时间段的煮制绿豆固液分离,将处理后的绿豆干燥后磨成粉末,绿豆汤3000 r/min离心5 min后收集上清液,并将上清液避光真空冷冻干燥后,于−80 ℃下保存,用于后续实验。绿豆粉过80目筛,绿豆粉/石油醚的比例1:5(w/v)脱脂三次(每次5 h)后进行下一步实验。取一定量的脱脂绿豆粉,在温度40 ℃、功率400 W的超声条件下,用80%乙醇对多酚类物质提取20 min,3000 r/min离心15 min后收集上清液,并按上述方法继续对残渣进行两次提取。将混合后的上清液在45 ℃下减压旋转蒸发去除乙醇,得到的多酚提取液避光真空冷冻干燥后,于−80 ℃下保存,用于后续游离酚的测定。参照盛亚男等[22]方法,采用有机溶剂提取法对煮制绿豆中多酚类物质进行提取。取一定量的脱脂绿豆粉,在料液比1:12(g/mL)、提取温度46 ℃、提取时间1.6 h条件下,用60%乙醇对多酚类物质进行提取,3000 r/min离心5 min后收集上清液,并按上述方法继续对残渣进行两次提取。将混合后的上清液在45 ℃下减压旋转蒸发去除乙醇,得到的多酚提取液避光真空冷冻干燥后,于−80 ℃下保存,用于后续多酚的测定。
以没食子酸标准品溶液浓度和对应的吸光度绘制的标准曲线线性回归方程为y=3.0306x+0.0165(R2=0.9968),说明线性关系良好。采用Shao等[23]所使用的测定方法,并进行适当修改。取1 mL绿豆多酚冻干粉配制的样品溶液与1 mL福林酚试剂混合,加入15% Na2CO3溶液4 mL,并用蒸馏水将混合物的体积调整为10 mL,立即摇匀后,避光孵育60 min,3000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液用分光光度计在765 nm波长下测吸光度。多酚含量以每克样品的没食子酸当量(mg GAE/g DW)表示。
$ \mathrm{X}(\mathrm{m}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{(\mathrm{C}\times 10\times \mathrm{N})\times {10}^{-3}}{\mathrm{M} }$
式中:X:多酚含量(mg/g);C:没食子酸浓度(μg/mL);N:样品稀释倍数;M:试样的质量(g)。
参考吴彤等[24]的方法,选择AB-8大孔树脂(30 mm×450 mm)用于绿豆多酚的纯化,吸附时上样(绿豆多酚冻干粉配制的多酚溶液)质量浓度0.8 mg/mL、pH6、流速1 BV/h、上样体积60 mL,解吸时乙醇体积分数80%。纯度计算公式如下:
$ \text{多酚纯度}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}\times \text{V}}{\rm m}\times{100} $
式中:C:纯化后冻干的绿豆多酚提取物质量浓度(mg/mL);V:纯化后绿豆多酚溶液体积(mL);m:纯化后绿豆多酚冻干粉质量(mg)。
a.DPPH自由基清除活性测定:取0.1 mL的绿豆多酚冻干粉配制的多酚待测液加入3.9 mL的DPPH工作液(此时DPPH工作液的吸光度为0.70±0.02),充分摇匀后避光静置30 min,选用无水乙醇作空白参比,在515 nm处测定吸光度值A1;取0.1 mL的无水乙醇加入3.9 mL的DPPH工作液,同等条件下测定吸光度值A2;取0.1 mL的绿豆多酚冻干粉配制的多酚待测液加入3.9 mL的无水乙醇,同等条件下测定吸光度值标记为A3。DPPH自由基清除率计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{D}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{自}\mathrm{由}\mathrm{基}\mathrm{清}\mathrm{除}\mathrm{率}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{3}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}\right)\times 100 $
b.ABTS+自由基清除活性测定:提取物的ABTS+自由基清除活性采用Yap等[25]的方法进行测定,并稍加修改。配制好的ABTS+原液避光孵育过夜,使用前用乙醇稀释,使工作液在734 nm处吸光度值为0.70±0.02。取0.1 mL绿豆多酚冻干粉配制的样品溶液与3.9 mL新鲜制备的ABTS+自由基工作液混合,在734 nm处测定吸光度标为Ax。ABTS+自由基清除率计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{S}^+\mathrm{自}\mathrm{由}\mathrm{基}\mathrm{清}\mathrm{除}\mathrm{率}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{x}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{x}0}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:Ax0为0.1 mL样品溶液+3.9 mL溶剂(无水乙醇);A0为0.1 mL溶剂+3.9 mL ABTS+工作液。
c.总抗氧化能力(T-AOC法)测定:使用总抗氧化检测试剂盒,按照试剂盒使用说明进行检测。计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{总}\mathrm{抗}\mathrm{氧}\mathrm{化}\mathrm{能}\mathrm{力}(\mathrm{U}/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{L})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{测}\mathrm{定}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{对}\mathrm{照}}}{0.01\mathrm{T}}\times \frac{{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{反}\mathrm{总}}}{{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{样}}}\times \mathrm{N} $
式中:T:反应时间,30 min;V反总:反应体系总体积,mL;V样:取样量,mL;N:样本测试前稀释倍数。
参考Kiani等[26]的方法并进行适当修改,取适量多酚冻干粉加入等体积无水乙醇溶解,过0.22 μm有机相滤膜。LC-MS联用仪配备C18色谱柱(1.7 μm×2.1 mm×100 mm),进样量为10 μL,流速为0.4 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,检测波长280 nm。使用流动相A(0.1%的甲酸水溶液)和流动相B(乙腈)洗脱,洗脱程序如下:0~1.5 min,5% B;1.5~11 min,5%~40% B;11~14 min,40%~95% B;14~16.5 min,95% B;16.5~16.8 min,95%~5% B;16.8~20 min,5% B。采用ESI正离子扫描模式,扫描范围(m/z)为50~1200 amu。离子源温度为120 ℃,毛细管电压为0.5 kV,采用高纯度N2作为雾化气和干燥气,脱气气体和锥形气体流速分别为800 L/h和50 L/h。
将细胞以1×104细胞/孔的密度接种到96孔板中培养36 h。将浓度分别为1、3、10、30、100 μg/mL的绿豆多酚和VC添加到细胞中培养24 h。加入10 μL的CCK-8试剂,孵育2 h,使用酶标仪在450 nm下检测吸光度。细胞存活率计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{细}\mathrm{胞}\mathrm{存}\mathrm{活}\mathrm{率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{实}\mathrm{验}\mathrm{组}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{空}\mathrm{白}\mathrm{校}\mathrm{零}\mathrm{孔}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{对}\mathrm{照}\mathrm{组}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{空}\mathrm{白}\mathrm{校}\mathrm{零}\mathrm{孔}}}\times100 $
式中:A实验组:添加不同浓度煮制25 min绿豆多酚或VC细胞的吸光度;A空白校零孔:不含细胞但含有培养基和CCK-8试剂的孔的吸光度;A对照组:未经过任何处理的正常细胞的吸光度。
Caco-2细胞在含有20%胎牛血清和100 U/mL青霉素/链霉素的DMEM培养基中培养,并在37 ℃和5% CO2饱和湿度下孵育。当细胞密度达到70%~80%时,用2 mL 0.25%胰蛋白酶消化并传代。
参考Feng等[20]的方法并进行适当修改。采用41 ℃处理Caco-2细胞6 h作为热应激建模条件。分组如下:细胞在37 ℃培养(对照组,CG)。细胞在41 ℃处理6 h后,37 ℃恢复12 h(热应激组,HS)。细胞用绿豆多酚溶液(100 μg/mL)预处理2 h后41 ℃处理6 h,37 ℃恢复12 h(绿豆多酚预防组,Pro-mbp)。细胞在41 ℃处理6 h后,加入绿豆多酚溶液(100 μg/mL)后37 ℃恢复12 h(绿豆多酚缓解组,Rem-mbp)。细胞用VC(10 μg/mL)预处理2 h后41 ℃处理6 h,37 ℃恢复12 h(VC预防组,Pro-VC)。细胞在41 ℃处理6 h后,加入VC后37 ℃恢复12 h(VC缓解组,Rem-VC)。抑制剂组(其余抑制剂与VER-155008方法相同):细胞用多酚溶液和VER-155008(100 μg/mL)预处理2 h后41 ℃处理6 h,37 ℃恢复12 h(绿豆多酚+VER-155008预防组,Pro-mbp+VER-155008)。细胞在41 ℃处理6 h后,加入多酚溶液和VER-155008后37 ℃恢复12 h(绿豆多酚+VER-155008缓解组,Rem-mbp+VER-155008)。细胞用VC和VER-155008(10 μg/mL)预处理2 h后41 ℃处理6 h,37 ℃恢复12 h(VC+VER-155008预防组,Pro-VC+VER-155008)。细胞在41 ℃处理6 h后,加入VC和VER-155008后37 ℃恢复12 h(VC+VER-155008缓解组,Rem-VC+VER-155008)。
收集细胞,按照SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、MDA试剂盒的说明书进行检测。
参照He等[27]方法并适当修改。将细胞以1×105个细胞/孔的密度接种到6孔板中并培养36 h。使用荧光探针DCFH-DA进行ROS检测。磷酸盐缓冲盐水洗涤CG、HS、Pro-mbp、Rem-mbp、Pro-VC、Rem-VC组细胞后,用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化并收集。然后将处理好的各组细胞与DCFH-DA探针在黑暗中在37 ℃下孵育30 min。每3~5 min将细胞倒置并混合,以确保探针和细胞之间的完全接触。用无血清细胞培养基洗涤细胞后,避光30 min后,荧光板读取器的平均激发波长为488 nm,发射波长为525 nm,检测细胞内ROS水平。
使用Annexin V-FITC/PI细胞凋亡检测试剂盒检测细胞凋亡。用PBS洗涤细胞后,用0.25% T/E消化并收集,加入195 μL Annexin V-FITC结合液轻轻重悬细胞,再加入5 μL Annexin V-FITC和10 μL碘化丙啶染色液,轻轻混合细胞并在室温下孵育20 min。使用荧光显微镜检测细胞凋亡。
向细胞中加入浓度为1、3、10、30、100 µg/mL的绿豆多酚(VC)2 h后,将细胞在41 ℃下处理6 h,并在37 ℃下恢复12 h。细胞培养36 h后,根据1.2.2.2步骤处理抑制剂组细胞。使用TRIzol试剂从细胞中提取总RNA,PrimeScript RT试剂盒从RNA逆转录cDNA,TB Green Premix Ex Taq试剂盒和qTOWER仪器对cDNA进行RT-qPCR(预变性95 ℃ 30 s(升温速率4.4 ℃/s),1循环;PCR分析模式:定量分析95 ℃ 5 s(升温速率4.4 ℃/s),60 ℃ 30 s(升温速率2.2 ℃/s,获取模式:Single),40循环;融解:分析模式:融解曲线95 ℃ 5 s(升温速率4.4 ℃/s),60 ℃ 1 min(升温速率2.2 ℃/s),95 ℃(升温速率0.11 ℃/s,获取模式:Continuous,Acquisitions:5 per ℃),1循环;降温50 ℃ 30 s(升温速率2.2 ℃/s),1循环,2−∆∆Ct方法计算mRNA表达水平。引物序列列于表1中。
处理好的细胞经PBS洗涤后,用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化细胞并收集。将细胞在裂解缓冲液中裂解30 min。蛋白质在10%~12%十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上电泳分离,然后转移到聚偏二氟乙烯膜上,在室温下在5%脱脂牛奶中封闭2 h。将膜洗涤并与一抗Anti-Bax antibody(ab32503)、Anti-Bax antibody(ab194583)等在4 ℃孵育12 h,然后与鼠抗在室温下孵育1 h。使用增强化学发光试剂盒和阿默舍姆Imager 600检测蛋白质,并使用Image-Pro Plus软件进行分析。
实验结果以均数±标准差(n≥3)表示。使用Origin8.5构建图。统计学分析采用SPSS 25 软件进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和邓肯检验(D)(不同字母代表差异显著,P<0.05)。
煮制时间对多酚含量的影响如图1a所示,随着煮制时间的延长,绿豆汤中多酚含量逐渐增加,这主要是因为酚类物质的热稳定性差,易分解,高温条件使得分子运动加速,氢键易断裂,多酚的渗透溶解速度加快,多酚溶出量变多,引起含量增加[28−30]。煮制绿豆中多酚含量则呈现先升后降的趋势,并在25 min时达到最大值(16.017 mg/g),这主要是因为热加工可能破坏绿豆细胞膜和细胞壁的基本结构,促进酚类物质的溶解,导致绿豆结合酚含量上升,而随着煮制时间的增加,结合酚释放的速率小于绿豆中游离酚溶出的速率,因此在煮制25 min后,绿豆中的总酚含量呈下降趋势。为进一步提高绿豆多酚的纯度,本研究采用AB-8大孔树脂对煮制加工后的绿豆多酚进行纯化。纯化结果如图1b、c所示,经AB-8树脂纯化后,多酚纯度较纯化前提高了约7倍,表明AB-8树脂对绿豆多酚提取物具有良好的纯化效果。
不同煮制时间的多酚提取液对DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、总抗氧化能力如图1d~f所示。随着煮制时间的延长,绿豆汤中多酚的抗氧化能力逐渐升高;而煮制绿豆中多酚的抗氧化能力则呈现先升后降的趋势,在25 min时达到峰值(DPPH:90.733%;ABTS+:89.997%;T-AOC:90.423 U/mL)。这一结果与多酚含量的变化趋势一致。大量研究表明,抗氧化活性与酚类物质含量呈正相关[31−32]。结合酚与细胞壁结构组分通过共价键结合,例如阿魏酸通过酯键与木葡聚糖、果胶等多糖共价连接。加热过程可能破坏了这种共价稳定结构,导致细胞成分和细胞壁分解,从而释放出结合的酚类物质[33]。基于多酚含量和抗氧化活性的结果,选择煮制25 min的绿豆多酚用于后续实验。
煮制25 min的绿豆多酚成分鉴定结果如表2所示,共鉴定出42种多酚物质。通过比较煮制25 min的绿豆和绿豆汤中多酚的成分差异,发现煮制25 min绿豆多酚中含有更多的单体酚(41种)。除反式阿魏酸外,其他多酚类物质均在煮制25 min绿豆中检测到。Wang等[34]研究发现,类黄酮和酚酸是影响绿豆总抗氧化活性的主要化合物,且煮制25 min绿豆中含有更丰富的类黄酮和酚酸类物质。因此,煮制25 min绿豆比绿豆汤具有更强的抗氧化活性。
采用CCK-8法评估煮制加工后绿豆多酚本身的细胞毒性。结果表明,绿豆多酚对Caco-2细胞的增殖具有浓度依赖性,且浓度≤100 µg/mL时细胞存活率均≥100%,证明煮制25 min绿豆多酚对细胞无毒性作用。然而,高浓度的VC具有较低的细胞毒性,有研究证明较高浓度VC抑制细胞增殖[35]。
热休克蛋白是一种分子伴侣,可帮助未成熟的蛋白质加工折叠,但本身不参与构成蛋白质的成分。当机体暴露于高温时会大量合成热休克蛋白,从而来保护机体维持正常生理活动[36]。为选择有效浓度的煮制25 min绿豆多酚进行热应激实验,本研究通过RT-qPCR检测热应激后细胞内HSP70、HSP90、HSP27的mRNA相对表达量。如图3a、b所示,随着煮制25 min的绿豆多酚浓度增加,三种热休克蛋白(HSPs)的mRNA表达水平呈现明显的浓度依赖性下降趋势。当煮制25 min绿豆多酚浓度为100 µg/mL时,可以明显抑制3种热休克蛋白表达,且抑制效果与VC(10 µg/mL)组相近。因此,选择100 µg/mL的煮制25 min绿豆多酚和10 µg/mL的VC进行后续实验。
抗氧化剂如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等通过清除自由基和修复细胞功能,在抵御氧化应激中发挥关键保护作用[24]。如图4所示,与CG组相比,HS组SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性显著降低(P<0.05),MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05),说明热应激造模成功诱导了氧化应激;与HS组相比,Pro-mbp、Rem-mbp、Pro-VC和Rem-VC组SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),这可能与多酚类化合物清除羟基自由基的能力有关;Pro-mbp组SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性分别比Pro-VC组提高了1.71、1.16、2.26 U/104 cell,MDA含量降低了0.47 nmol/g,Rem-mbp组SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性分别比Rem-VC组分别提高了1.45、0.84、3.47 U/104 cell,而MDA含量降低了0.68 nmol/g;此外,与Rem-mbp组相比,Pro-mbp组SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性分别升高了2.05、1.93、5.24 U/104 cell,MDA含量降低0.66 nmol/g。实验结果表明,煮制25 min的绿豆多酚在提升SOD、GSH-Px和CAT等关键抗氧化酶活性方面表现出优于VC的效果,同时能够显著抑制热应激诱导的氧化损伤。多酚预防组在改善抗氧化指标方面优于多酚缓解组,这一差异可能与多酚类物质在氧化应激发生前的预防性调节作用有关。机制研究表明,煮制25 min的绿豆多酚主要通过调控抗氧化酶活性,增强细胞的抗氧化防御能力,从而有效保护细胞免受氧化应激引起的损伤。
CG、HS、Pro-mbp、Rem-mbp、Pro-VC和Rem-VC组细胞ROS表达情况如图5所示。与CG组相比,HS组细胞显著(P<0.05)提高了ROS荧光率(179.82%),与HS组相比,Pro-mbp组、Rem-mbp组、Pro-VC组和Rem-VC组的ROS荧光强度分别显著降低至157.96%、163.48%、159.73%和164.51%(P<0.05),说明绿豆多酚和VC均具有显著的抗氧化作用。此外,Pro-mbp组和Rem-mbp组的ROS荧光强度分别较Pro-VC组和Rem-VC组降低了1.07%和1.03%,这表明煮制25 min的绿豆多酚在抑制热应激诱导的ROS表达方面略优于VC。Pro-mbp组的ROS荧光强度较Rem-mbp组显著降低了5.52%(P<0.05),这一结果进一步证实了多酚预防组在缓解热应激方面优于缓解组。
在本研究中,用煮制25 min绿豆多酚处理热应激细胞,发现煮制25 min绿豆多酚能显著降低热应激诱导的ROS水平,并且Pro-mbp组的ROS水平的抑制作用高于Rem-mbp组。这可能是由于在Pro-mbp组中,热应激诱导的ROS首先被抑制,而在Rem-mbp组中,ROS仅在ROS积累较高时被抑制。因此,Pro-mbp和Rem-mbp组之间ROS抑制的效果不同。综上所述,绿豆多酚在一定程度上抑制了热应激诱导的ROS产生,且Pro-mbp组对ROS产生的抑制作用强于Rem-mbp组。
细胞凋亡是一种程序性细胞死亡过程,当细胞受到外部环境刺激时,会通过复杂的信号转导机制将刺激信号传递至细胞内,从而诱导细胞凋亡[37−38]。为探讨煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚抗热应激损伤的作用机制,本研究采用荧光显微镜检测其对热应激诱导的细胞凋亡的影响(图6)。结果表明,与CG组相比,HS组细胞凋亡率(41.73%)显著增加(P<0.05);而与HS组相比,Pro-mbp组和Rem-mbp组的细胞凋亡率分别降低了30.15%和10.77%。与Pro-VC组和Rem-VC组相比,Pro-mbp组和Rem-mbp组的细胞凋亡率分别降低了5.36%和4.51%,表明煮制25 min绿豆多酚缓解热应激诱导的细胞凋亡效果略优于VC。与Rem-mbp组相比,Pro-mbp组的细胞凋亡率降低了19.38%,结果表明,绿豆多酚预防组在缓解热应激诱导的细胞凋亡方面表现出较绿豆多酚缓解组更显著的干预效果。因此,煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚的预防性应用可有效降低热应激诱导的细胞凋亡。
采用RT-qPCR和Western blot技术检测CG、HS、Pro-mbp、Rem-mbp、Pro-VC和Rem-VC组中热休克蛋白及关键凋亡因子的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。如图7所示,热应激显著上调了HSP27、HSP70和HSP90的mRNA表达水平及其对应蛋白(Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90)的表达水平(P<0.05);而添加煮制25 min绿豆多酚用于热应激预防或改善时,显著抑制了热应激诱导的Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90表达水平的上调(P<0.05)。此外,与CG组相比,HS组中抗凋亡蛋白BCL-2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。相反,BAX、CYCS、CASP3和PARP1的mRNA及其对应蛋白(Bax、Cytochrome C、Cle-Caspase-3和Cle-PARP1)的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),表明热应激通过调节凋亡相关基因的mRNA表达水平影响其蛋白表达,从而诱导细胞凋亡。
Caspase-3是Caspase级联下游最重要的调节因子之一,其激活在很大程度上依赖于Cytochrome C的释放。Cytochrome C是线粒体转运链的重要组成部分,Bcl-2家族的凋亡蛋白Bax帮助Cytochrome C等小分子蛋白穿过线粒体膜进入细胞质触发细胞凋亡,而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2则阻止Cytochrome C从线粒体释放[39]。这表明热应激诱导的细胞凋亡与Caspase介导的线粒体通路密切相关。与HS组相比,添加煮制25 min绿豆多酚和VC后,Pro-mbp、Rem-mbp、Pro-VC和Rem-VC组的BCL-2 mRNA及其蛋白(Bcl-2)表达上调,而CYCS、CASP3、PARP1 mRNA表达下调,且Bax、Cytochrome C、Cle-Caspase-3、Cle-PARP1蛋白表达也显著降低(P<0.05)。这表明煮制25 min绿豆多酚和VC可通过下调Bax表达和上调Bcl-2表达,进而抑制Caspase-3表达,阻止PARP1的裂解,从而有效缓解热应激诱导的细胞凋亡并抑制线粒体中Cytochrome C的释放。此外,与Rem-mbp和Rem-VC组相比,Pro-mbp和Pro-VC组中BCL-2 mRNA和蛋白表达上调,但无显著性差异,而BAX、CYCS、CASP3、PARP1 mRNA表达显著下调,且Bax、Cytochrome C、Cle-Caspase-3、Cle-PARP1蛋白表达也显著降低(P<0.05),这说明Pro-mbp和Pro-VC组对热应激诱导的细胞凋亡的抑制程度略优于Rem-mbp和Rem-VC组。这种差异可能是由于预防组和缓解组作用于热应激细胞的时间点不同所致。综上所述,煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚对细胞具有保护作用。
热休克蛋白对细胞存活至关重要,并在细胞凋亡调控中发挥重要作用[40]。因此,为探究煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚是否通过调节热休克蛋白抑制热应激诱导的细胞凋亡,本研究通过添加HSP27 inhibitor J2、VER-155008和Tanespimycin检测了细胞凋亡关键因子的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。如图8所示,与HS组相比,VER-155008组中HSP70、BCL-2的mRNA及Hsp70蛋白质表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),而Bcl-2蛋白质表达水平、BAX、CYCS、CASP3和PARP1的mRNA表达水平显著增加(P<0.05),Bax、Cytochrome C、Cle-Caspase-3和Cle-PARP1的蛋白质表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);与Pro-mbp、Rem-mbp、Pro-VC和Rem-VC组相比,Pro-mbp+VER-155008、Rem-mbp+VER-155008、Pro-VC+VER-155008和Rem-VC+VER-155008组HSP70和BCL-2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低;BAX、CYCS、CASP3和PARP1的mRNA表达水平增加;Bax、Cytochrome C、Cle-Caspase-3和Cle-PARP1的蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。
如图9所示,Tanespimycin组的BCL-2和HSP90的mRNA及Hsp90蛋白水平显著低于HS组(P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著高于HS组(P<0.05),而Bax、Cytochrome C、Cle-caspase-3和Cle-PARP1的蛋白水平则显著降低(P<0.05)。与Pro-mbp、Rem-mbp、Pro-VC和Rem-VC组相比,Pro-mbp+Tanespimycin、Rem-mbp+Tanespimycin、Pro-VC+Tanespimycin和 Rem-VC+Tanespimycin 组的BAX、CYCS、CASP3和PARP1的mRNA显著升高,蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。
如图10所示,加入HSP27 inhibitor J2后,细胞凋亡相关因子表达的趋势与加入VER 155008、Tanespimycin后观察到的结果一致。与HS组相比,HSP27 inhibitor J2组HSP27、BCL-2的mRNA表达水平显著降低,Hsp27蛋白表达水平显著降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),BAX、CYCS、CASP3和PARP1的mRNA表达水平显著增加(P<0.05),Bax、Cytochrome C、Cle-caspase-3和Cle-PARP1的蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);与Pro-mbp、Rem-mbp、Pro-VC和Rem-VC组相比,Pro-mbp+HSP27 inhibitor J2、Rem-mbp+HSP27 inhibitor J2、Pro-VC+HSP27 inhibitor J2和Rem-VC+HSP27 inhibitor J2组HSP27、BCL-2的mRNA表达水平降低,BAX、CYCS、CASP3和PARP1的mRNA表达水平升高,Hsp27、Bax、Cytochrome C、Cle-Caspase-3和Cle-PARP1的蛋白表达水平降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达水平升高。
上述结果表明,HSP27、HSP70和HSP90的低表达(添加三种抑制剂时)会进一步促进细胞凋亡,而其高表达(不添加抑制剂时)则能有效抑制热应激诱导的细胞凋亡。Pro-mbp和Rem-mbp组Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90表达水平低于HS组,抑制热应激引起的细胞凋亡。这可能是由于煮制25 min绿豆多酚的干预降低了热应激对细胞的损伤,使Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90的表达水平维持在更适宜的范围,从而保护细胞免受热应激诱导的凋亡。当煮制25 min绿豆多酚与抑制剂VER-155008或Tanespimycin或HSP27 inhibitor J2共同作用于热应激细胞时,细胞内Bax、Cytochrome C、Caspase-3和PARP1的表达水平低于单独使用抑制剂时的表达水平;而Bcl-2的表达水平高于单独使用,这表明煮制25 min绿豆多酚通过调控Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90的表达水平,有效减轻了热应激诱导的细胞凋亡。此外,本研究表明,煮制25 min绿豆多酚通过下调HSP27、HSP70和HSP90在细胞中的mRNA转录水平,进而调控其蛋白表达,从而缓解热应激。这与Yao等[41]的研究结果相类似,即抑制Hsp90功能能够减弱Hsp90-Bcl-2通路的激活,从而加剧氧化应激和细胞损伤。综上所述,煮制25 min绿豆多酚通过调节Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90的表达水平,能够有效缓解热应激诱导的细胞凋亡,从而预防或改善热应激。
ROS不仅调节细胞凋亡,还影响热休克蛋白的表达[42]。煮制25 min绿豆多酚能够减轻热应激诱导的细胞凋亡,降低细胞内ROS和热休克蛋白的表达,这表明绿豆多酚可能通过改变ROS水平调节热休克蛋白和凋亡蛋白的表达水平。因此,本研究通过添加NAC进一步研究其作用机制。如图11a所示,NAC组中HSP27、HSP70、HSP90的mRNA及Hsp27、Hsp70、Hsp90蛋白表达水平分别显著低于HS组(P<0.05)。Pro-mbp+NAC组和Rem-mbp+NAC组HSP27、HSP70、HSP90的mRNA和Hsp27、Hsp70、Hsp90蛋白表达水平分别低于Pro-mbp和Rem-mbp组,表明煮制25 min绿豆多酚不仅可以减少热应激诱导的ROS的产生,还可以抑制Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90的表达。因此,煮制25 min绿豆多酚可通过降低ROS水平来调节Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90的表达。
NAC还可以调控凋亡相关蛋白的表达。如图11所示,与HS组相比,NAC组中BCL-2 mRNA及Bcl-2的表达水平增加,而BAX、CYCS、CASP3和PARP1的mRNA表达水平以及Bax、Cytochrome C、Cle-Caspase-3和Cle-PARP1的蛋白质表达水平降低;与Pro-mbp和Rem-mbp组相比,Pro-mbp+NAC和Rem-mbp+NAC组BCL-2 mRNA及Bcl-2表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),而BAX、CYCS、CASP3和PARP1的mRNA表达水平以及Cytochrome C、Cle-Caspase-3和Cle-PARP1蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。ROS是调控细胞凋亡的重要因素,ROS高表达可通过线粒体途径调节凋亡,而加入NAC则能有效抑制这一过程[43]。基于上述结果,可以推测煮制25 min绿豆多酚通过降低细胞内ROS水平来预防或改善热应激,抑制Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90的表达,从而减轻细胞凋亡。
本研究通过对绿豆进行不同煮制时间处理,测定其多酚含量、抗氧化活性及单体酚组成,筛选出煮制25 min的绿豆提取多酚进行细胞实验。通过体外细胞模型,探究了煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚对人热应激的预防和改善作用,并阐明了其相关机制。研究发现,煮制25 min绿豆提取多酚(100 µg/mL)可通过降低细胞内ROS含量,抑制热休克蛋白(Hsp27、Hsp70和Hsp90)和凋亡蛋白表达,从而有效缓解热应激诱导的细胞凋亡。煮制25 min绿豆多酚缓解组的ROS荧光率和凋亡表达(163.48%和30.96%)高于煮制25 min绿豆多酚预防组(157.96%和11.58%)。与煮制25 min绿豆多酚缓解组相比,煮制25 min绿豆多酚预防组凋亡蛋白的表达较低。结果表明,煮制25 min绿豆多酚能够有效地预防和减轻热应激诱导的细胞凋亡,且其预防作用优于缓解作用。本研究为煮制加工绿豆多酚在调节热应激中的应用提供了理论依据。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010224
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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    1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319

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王长远(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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