Article(id=1320882269762466649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060321, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750867200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852473917, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852473917, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852473917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852473917, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=408, endPage=418, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882270077039450, articleId=1320882269762466649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Structural Characterization and Comparison of Biological Activity of Polysaccharides from the Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Its Residues, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to achieve the efficient utilization of Rose rugosa resources, this article took Rose rugosa and its residues after the production of rose essential oil as the research object, aimed to explore whether the rose residue retained the original bioactive ingredients of Rose rugosa. Rose rugosa polysaccharides (RP) and Rose rugosa residue polysaccharides (RRP) were obtained through extraction and purification using water extraction and ethanol precipitation, macroporous adsorption resin, and anion exchange column chromatography. The structures and biological activities of the polysaccharides were comparatively studied. The results showed that both RP and RRP contained one neutral and two acidic polysaccharide fractions. The contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid, and protein in the different polysaccharides ranged from 12.25% to 41.75%, 19.63% to 66.21%, and 1.01% to 33.84%, respectively. RP and RRP were composed of different molar ratios of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose. The molecular weight detection results showed that RP-Ⅱ and RRP-Ⅱ had higher purity, with molecular weights of 15.47 kDa and 9.61 kDa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and Congo red staining revealed different surface morphologies and conformational structure of the polysaccharides. The biological activity results showed that both RP and RRP had certain antioxidant activity, among which RP-Ⅰ had a strong ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine free radicals with a half inhibition concentration (IC50) of 9.59×10−2 mg/mL. RP-Ⅱ and RP-Ⅲ had strong hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, with IC50 values of 1.11 and 1.35 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, all polysaccharides could promote the proliferation of macrophages, and RP-Ⅲ and RRP-Ⅱ significantly promoted the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α by macrophages (P<0.05). The results indicated that both Rose rugosa and Rose rugosa residue were rich in functional polysaccharides, which could be applied to foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industry. Simultaneously, it would provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Rose rugosa resources.

, authors=Bo YANG1, Lin YU1, Weite MENG1, Xiaoping ZHANG1, Yuxin YI1, Boxuan YANG1, Meili NIE1, AIHEMIDING Waili2, AYITUXUN Abuduwaili1, *, authorsList=Bo YANG, Lin YU, Weite MENG, Xiaoping ZHANG, Yuxin YI, Boxuan YANG, Meili NIE, AIHEMIDING Waili, AYITUXUN Abuduwaili, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=AYITUXUN Abuduwaili, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882273558311789, articleId=1320882269762466649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖结构表征及生物活性比较, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了实现玫瑰花资源的高效利用,本文以玫瑰花及玫瑰精油生产后的花渣作为研究对象,旨在探讨玫瑰花渣是否保留玫瑰花原有活性成分。采用水提醇沉、大孔吸附树脂及阴离子交换柱层析法进行分离纯化得到玫瑰花多糖(RP)和玫瑰花渣多糖(RRP),对各多糖进行结构及生物活性的对比研究。结果表明,RP和RRP均分离出一种中性和两种酸性多糖。各多糖的糖、糖醛酸及蛋白含量分别在12.25%~41.75%、19.63%~66.21%及1.01%~33.84%;由不同摩尔比的鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖组成。分子量检测结果表明RP-Ⅱ和RRP-Ⅱ纯度较高,重均分子量分别为15.47、9.61 kDa。扫描电镜及刚果红染色显示两种多糖具有不同的表面结构形貌及空间构象。生物活性结果表明RP和RRP均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中RP-Ⅰ的清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基的能力较强,半抑制浓度(IC50)为9.59×10−2 mg/mL;RP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ的羟自由基清除能力较强,IC50值分别为1.11及1.35 mg/mL。同时,各多糖能够促进巨噬细胞的增殖,RP-Ⅲ及RRP-Ⅱ显著促进巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β和TNF-α(P<0.05)。本文研究结果表明,玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣均富含功能性多糖,可适用于食品、医药、化妆品等行业,同时将为玫瑰花资源的进一步开发利用提供理论基础。

, authors=杨波1, 于林1, 孟苇特1, 张小平1, 易宇欣1, 杨博轩1, 聂梅利1, 艾合米丁·外力2, 阿衣吐逊·阿布都外力1, *, authorsList=杨波, 于林, 孟苇特, 张小平, 易宇欣, 杨博轩, 聂梅利, 艾合米丁·外力, 阿衣吐逊·阿布都外力, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=阿衣吐逊·阿布都外力, authorNote=

杨波(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能多糖的制备及其活性,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
阿衣吐逊·阿布都外力(1991−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:糖化学及生物学,E-mail:。
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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2013, 59: 192−200., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882273801581422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882273814164335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, companyId=1320882273801581422, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882273822552944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, companyId=1320882273801581422, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1新疆农业大学化学化工学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882273889661809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882273898050418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, companyId=1320882273889661809, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882273906439027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, companyId=1320882273889661809, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所,中国科学院干旱区植物资源化学重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882281166779308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Elution curves on DEAE sepharose fast flow anion exchange column elution of RP (A) and RRP (B), figureFileSmall=/q7Iw00qEYTHvKN2sc80ew==, figureFileBig=mpsfzvcl8Hzz0Om0DjpOYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882281229693869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=图1, caption=RP(A)及RRP(B)的DEAE sepharose fast flow阴离子交换柱层析洗脱曲线, figureFileSmall=/q7Iw00qEYTHvKN2sc80ew==, figureFileBig=mpsfzvcl8Hzz0Om0DjpOYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882281443603374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=UV (A) and FT-IR (B) spectra of RP and RRP polysaccharides, figureFileSmall=IlOHmG5yMixAau14jY9UAQ==, figureFileBig=Fg06VF++K2kJ2wUVeWzzJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882281523295151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=图2, caption=RP及RRP多糖的UV(A)及FT-IR(B)光谱图, figureFileSmall=IlOHmG5yMixAau14jY9UAQ==, figureFileBig=Fg06VF++K2kJ2wUVeWzzJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882281623958448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=HPGPC (A) and GC (B) chromatogram of RP and RRP polysaccharides, figureFileSmall=ubyvJ/rg3yDaOf9rymFa5w==, figureFileBig=C/uJFftNIvFlpELfsdrbtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882281716233137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=图3, caption=RP及RRP多糖的HPGPC(A)及GC(B)色谱图, figureFileSmall=ubyvJ/rg3yDaOf9rymFa5w==, figureFileBig=C/uJFftNIvFlpELfsdrbtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882281774953394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=SEM images of RP and RRP polysaccharides (5000×), figureFileSmall=ybaYggSUbVa39DAGwCy1Gw==, figureFileBig=96TA6tZutDwYuqE+9wapRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882281867228083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=图4, caption=RP及RRP多糖的SEM图(5000×)

注:A:RP-Ⅰ;B:RP-Ⅱ;C:RP-Ⅲ;D:RRP-Ⅰ;E:RRP-Ⅱ;F:RRP-Ⅲ。

, figureFileSmall=ybaYggSUbVa39DAGwCy1Gw==, figureFileBig=96TA6tZutDwYuqE+9wapRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882281934336948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=X-ray disperxive energy spectrum of RP and RRP polysaccharides, figureFileSmall=3qPWGvkjYOaJOrGTNZABOA==, figureFileBig=5DQW85kH1jjmlWBjPwUjhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282014028725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=图5, caption=RP及RRP多糖的X-射线能谱图, figureFileSmall=3qPWGvkjYOaJOrGTNZABOA==, figureFileBig=5DQW85kH1jjmlWBjPwUjhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282068554678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Variation diagram of λmax of RP and RRP polysaccharides-Congo red complex, figureFileSmall=n1eUYZhE3jslJYe+S0E91Q==, figureFileBig=fVep5UoS4HYLqqO5ceFSDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282148246455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=图6, caption=RP及RRP多糖与刚果红络合物的λmax的变化图, figureFileSmall=n1eUYZhE3jslJYe+S0E91Q==, figureFileBig=fVep5UoS4HYLqqO5ceFSDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282236326840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Antioxidant activity of the RP and RRP polysaccharides, figureFileSmall=IkuIJGU5sTUshNdcj1TnUw==, figureFileBig=nCa2xTrTwcDj4TTv6WRPtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282316018617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=图7, caption=RP及RRP多糖的抗氧化活性

注:A:DPPH自由基清除率;B:羟自由基清除率;C:ABTS+自由基清除率;D:亚铁离子螯合能力;E:总还原能力。

, figureFileSmall=IkuIJGU5sTUshNdcj1TnUw==, figureFileBig=nCa2xTrTwcDj4TTv6WRPtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282387321786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Proliferative activity of RP and RRP polysaccharides on RAW264.7 macrophages, figureFileSmall=WuWQ2+9biLHO0IlrfBaTeA==, figureFileBig=kbDxyJvw3WHyCJA/D2fr5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282467013563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=图8, caption=RP及RRR多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的细胞增殖活性

注:图中不同小写字母表示差异显著P<0.05,图9同。

, figureFileSmall=WuWQ2+9biLHO0IlrfBaTeA==, figureFileBig=kbDxyJvw3WHyCJA/D2fr5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282538316732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of RP and RRP polysaccharides on the secretion of cytokines by macrophages RAW264.7, figureFileSmall=q1Vb0tb/wUty9+GywVFjBQ==, figureFileBig=nE+Ky7xvgfLp7qvC4Pz6jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282601231293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=图9, caption=RP及RRR多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7分泌细胞因子的影响

注:A:IL-1β;B:TNF-α。

, figureFileSmall=q1Vb0tb/wUty9+GywVFjBQ==, figureFileBig=nE+Ky7xvgfLp7qvC4Pz6jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882282894832574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of the content determination of RP and RRP polysaccharides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名RP-ⅠRP-ⅡRP-ⅢRRP-ⅠRRP-ⅡRRP-Ⅲ
糖含量(%)28.15±7.42b30.70±2.30b12.25±2.43c24.76±3.39b41.75±2.52a39.31±3.73a
糖醛酸含量(%)−66.21±2.18a19.63±4.72c−25.18±3.85c54.45±7.61b
蛋白质含量(%)33.84±2.32a2.66±0.14c33.29±4.78a13.06±3.31b1.01±0.47c3.15±1.30c
), ArticleFig(id=1320882282974524351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RP及RRP多糖的含量测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名RP-ⅠRP-ⅡRP-ⅢRRP-ⅠRRP-ⅡRRP-Ⅲ
糖含量(%)28.15±7.42b30.70±2.30b12.25±2.43c24.76±3.39b41.75±2.52a39.31±3.73a
糖醛酸含量(%)−66.21±2.18a19.63±4.72c−25.18±3.85c54.45±7.61b
蛋白质含量(%)33.84±2.32a2.66±0.14c33.29±4.78a13.06±3.31b1.01±0.47c3.15±1.30c
), ArticleFig(id=1320882283050021824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of molecular weight determination of RP and RRP polysaccharides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名Mw(kDa)Mn(kDa)分布系数(Mw/Mn)
RP-Ⅰ2.822.151.32
RP-Ⅱ15.4710.831.43
RP-Ⅲ6.524.771.37
2.892.21.31
RRP-Ⅰ825.06473.491.74
13.689.611.42
RRP-Ⅱ73.7247.671.55
9.616.871.40
RRP-Ⅲ80.852.011.55
15.811.021.43
), ArticleFig(id=1320882283301680065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

RP及RRP多糖的分子量检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名Mw(kDa)Mn(kDa)分布系数(Mw/Mn)
RP-Ⅰ2.822.151.32
RP-Ⅱ15.4710.831.43
RP-Ⅲ6.524.771.37
2.892.21.31
RRP-Ⅰ825.06473.491.74
13.689.611.42
RRP-Ⅱ73.7247.671.55
9.616.871.40
RRP-Ⅲ80.852.011.55
15.811.021.43
), ArticleFig(id=1320882283393954754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of monosaccharide compositions of RP and RRP polysaccharides (molar ratio)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名RhaAraXylManGlcGal
RP-Ⅰ−3.77−18.2312.713.34
RP-Ⅱ3.918.73−10.9845.9912.20
RP-Ⅲ6.347.32−11.1210.3415.34
RRP-Ⅰ6.4411.723.3713.9219.9827.81
RRP-Ⅱ9.4023.992.975.535.7025.87
RRP-Ⅲ13.6420.072.476.699.2723.68
), ArticleFig(id=1320882283469452227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

RP及RRP多糖的单糖组成结果(摩尔比)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名RhaAraXylManGlcGal
RP-Ⅰ−3.77−18.2312.713.34
RP-Ⅱ3.918.73−10.9845.9912.20
RP-Ⅲ6.347.32−11.1210.3415.34
RRP-Ⅰ6.4411.723.3713.9219.9827.81
RRP-Ⅱ9.4023.992.975.535.7025.87
RRP-Ⅲ13.6420.072.476.699.2723.68
), ArticleFig(id=1320882283540755396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Antioxidant activity of RP and RRP polysaccharides (IC50, mg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品DPPHABTS+羟自由基亚铁离子
RP-Ⅰ9.59×10−20.15−0.43
RP-Ⅱ−4.471.11−
RP-Ⅲ−0.081.520.56
RRP-Ⅰ0.660.105.174.27
RRP-Ⅱ1.514.872.72−
RRP-Ⅲ2.250.731.35−
), ArticleFig(id=1320882285184922565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882269762466649, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

RP及RRP多糖的抗氧化活性(IC50,mg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品DPPHABTS+羟自由基亚铁离子
RP-Ⅰ9.59×10−20.15−0.43
RP-Ⅱ−4.471.11−
RP-Ⅲ−0.081.520.56
RRP-Ⅰ0.660.105.174.27
RRP-Ⅱ1.514.872.72−
RRP-Ⅲ2.250.731.35−
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玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖结构表征及生物活性比较
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杨波 1 , 于林 1 , 孟苇特 1 , 张小平 1 , 易宇欣 1 , 杨博轩 1 , 聂梅利 1 , 艾合米丁·外力 2 , 阿衣吐逊·阿布都外力 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(13): 408-418
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (13) : 408 -418
玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖结构表征及生物活性比较
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杨波1 , 于林1, 孟苇特1, 张小平1, 易宇欣1, 杨博轩1, 聂梅利1, 艾合米丁·外力2, 阿衣吐逊·阿布都外力1, *
作者信息
  • 1新疆农业大学化学化工学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 2中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所,中国科学院干旱区植物资源化学重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
通讯作者:
阿衣吐逊·阿布都外力(1991−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:糖化学及生物学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨波(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能多糖的制备及其活性,E-mail:

Structural Characterization and Comparison of Biological Activity of Polysaccharides from the Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Its Residues
Bo YANG1 , Lin YU1, Weite MENG1, Xiaoping ZHANG1, Yuxin YI1, Boxuan YANG1, Meili NIE1, AIHEMIDING Waili2, AYITUXUN Abuduwaili1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060321
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为了实现玫瑰花资源的高效利用,本文以玫瑰花及玫瑰精油生产后的花渣作为研究对象,旨在探讨玫瑰花渣是否保留玫瑰花原有活性成分。采用水提醇沉、大孔吸附树脂及阴离子交换柱层析法进行分离纯化得到玫瑰花多糖(RP)和玫瑰花渣多糖(RRP),对各多糖进行结构及生物活性的对比研究。结果表明,RP和RRP均分离出一种中性和两种酸性多糖。各多糖的糖、糖醛酸及蛋白含量分别在12.25%~41.75%、19.63%~66.21%及1.01%~33.84%;由不同摩尔比的鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖组成。分子量检测结果表明RP-Ⅱ和RRP-Ⅱ纯度较高,重均分子量分别为15.47、9.61 kDa。扫描电镜及刚果红染色显示两种多糖具有不同的表面结构形貌及空间构象。生物活性结果表明RP和RRP均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中RP-Ⅰ的清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基的能力较强,半抑制浓度(IC50)为9.59×10−2 mg/mL;RP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ的羟自由基清除能力较强,IC50值分别为1.11及1.35 mg/mL。同时,各多糖能够促进巨噬细胞的增殖,RP-Ⅲ及RRP-Ⅱ显著促进巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β和TNF-α(P<0.05)。本文研究结果表明,玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣均富含功能性多糖,可适用于食品、医药、化妆品等行业,同时将为玫瑰花资源的进一步开发利用提供理论基础。

玫瑰花  /  玫瑰花渣  /  多糖  /  结构表征  /  生物活性

In order to achieve the efficient utilization of Rose rugosa resources, this article took Rose rugosa and its residues after the production of rose essential oil as the research object, aimed to explore whether the rose residue retained the original bioactive ingredients of Rose rugosa. Rose rugosa polysaccharides (RP) and Rose rugosa residue polysaccharides (RRP) were obtained through extraction and purification using water extraction and ethanol precipitation, macroporous adsorption resin, and anion exchange column chromatography. The structures and biological activities of the polysaccharides were comparatively studied. The results showed that both RP and RRP contained one neutral and two acidic polysaccharide fractions. The contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid, and protein in the different polysaccharides ranged from 12.25% to 41.75%, 19.63% to 66.21%, and 1.01% to 33.84%, respectively. RP and RRP were composed of different molar ratios of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose. The molecular weight detection results showed that RP-Ⅱ and RRP-Ⅱ had higher purity, with molecular weights of 15.47 kDa and 9.61 kDa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and Congo red staining revealed different surface morphologies and conformational structure of the polysaccharides. The biological activity results showed that both RP and RRP had certain antioxidant activity, among which RP-Ⅰ had a strong ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine free radicals with a half inhibition concentration (IC50) of 9.59×10−2 mg/mL. RP-Ⅱ and RP-Ⅲ had strong hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, with IC50 values of 1.11 and 1.35 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, all polysaccharides could promote the proliferation of macrophages, and RP-Ⅲ and RRP-Ⅱ significantly promoted the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α by macrophages (P<0.05). The results indicated that both Rose rugosa and Rose rugosa residue were rich in functional polysaccharides, which could be applied to foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industry. Simultaneously, it would provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Rose rugosa resources.

Rosa rugosa Thunb.  /  Rosa rugosa residue  /  polysaccharide  /  structural characterization  /  biological activity
杨波, 于林, 孟苇特, 张小平, 易宇欣, 杨博轩, 聂梅利, 艾合米丁·外力, 阿衣吐逊·阿布都外力. 玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖结构表征及生物活性比较. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 408 -418 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060321
Bo YANG, Lin YU, Weite MENG, Xiaoping ZHANG, Yuxin YI, Boxuan YANG, Meili NIE, AIHEMIDING Waili, AYITUXUN Abuduwaili. Structural Characterization and Comparison of Biological Activity of Polysaccharides from the Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Its Residues[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 408 -418 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060321
玫瑰花是蔷薇科植物玫瑰(Rosa rugosa Thunb.)的干燥花蕾,是一味传统中药,收录于《中国药典》,具有行气解郁、和血、止痛之功效,主治肝胃气痛、食少呕恶、月经不调及跌扑伤痛,历来民间制作玫瑰花酱用于胃胀、消化不良等,具有疏肝理气、解郁安神、补血、健脾开胃功能[1]。在新疆,玫瑰花主要用于制备玫瑰花精油及精露等,然而其得率较低。周亚军等[2]研究表明水蒸气蒸馏提取玫瑰精油得率在0.0810%,酶法辅助提取精油得率在0.0967%,高压脉冲电场协同纤维素酶提取精油得率在0.1165%,产率较低。玫瑰精油提取过程中,产生大量的副产物玫瑰花渣,玫瑰花渣大多直接被废弃掉,只有少部分可以作为饲料使用,导致资源浪费。同时,花渣中含有大量有机物,排入环境中很容易造成污染[3]。因此,玫瑰花渣的充分利用能够提高玫瑰花资源的综合利用水平,副产物的综合利用可实现变废为宝,并使其中的有机物含量降低,改善环境污染。
玫瑰花成分复杂,含有多酚类、黄酮类等多种化学成分[4],具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、免疫调节、降血脂和预防心脏病等生理活性[5−7]。多糖是玫瑰花植物的主要活性成分之一,玫瑰花花瓣、叶子和果中均含有多糖类成分,且具有抗炎、抗氧化及抗肿瘤作用[8]。作为玫瑰精油提取后的副产物,玫瑰花渣同样含有多种营养成分,包括多糖、多酚、色素、蛋白质、膳食纤维等物质,具有极大的开发利用价值[9]。梁启超等[10]报道在提取温度为95 ℃、时间为256 min及液料比为1:30 g/mL的最优条件下,玫瑰花多糖得率达1.46%,且其显示出较强的体内抗氧化活性。勾明江等[11]报道当提取温度82 ℃、时间37 min及料液比1:26 g/mL时,玫瑰花渣多糖的得率达1.58%。上述结果表明玫瑰花渣仍含有丰富的多糖成分。目前,有关玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖的研究主要集中在提取工艺优化及粗提取的活性筛选等方面,有关其进一步分离纯化及纯化多糖的结构及活性,以及二者结构方面的比较研究报道甚少。此外,有关经精油提取后的残渣是否保留原多糖的结构及功能特征尚未知。
因此,本文以提高农业副产物——玫瑰花渣资源的综合利用为目的,以玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣为研究对象,通过水提醇沉、大孔吸附树脂除杂及阴离子交换柱层析分离纯化,采用经典化学方法结合现代仪器分析手段结构表征及分子生物学方法评价生物活性等方式,首次对玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣活性多糖开展研究。同步制备玫瑰花多糖(Rosa polysaccharide,RP)和玫瑰花渣多糖(Rosa residue polysaccharide,RRP),采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、高效凝胶渗透色谱、气相色谱、刚果红试验、扫描电镜等手段对RP及RRP的结构进行表征,并通过体外自由基清除能力及对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖及细胞因子分泌功能对比研究二者生物活性。本文的研究成果将为农业副产物资源的高值化利用及其在药用与保健功能的挖掘、产品的研发提供一定的理论基础和科学依据。
玫瑰花、玫瑰花渣 均由新疆于田县瑰觅生物科技股份有限公司提供,玫瑰花为玫瑰花植物的干燥花蕾,玫瑰花渣为玫瑰花花蕾经水蒸气蒸馏法制备玫瑰花精油之后的残渣;石油醚、甲醇、盐酸羟胺、过硫酸钾、氯化钠 分析纯,天津市鑫博特有限公司;无水乙醇、氯化亚铁 分析纯,天津致远化学试剂有限公司;乙酸酐 分析纯,成都市克隆化学品有限公司;吡啶 分析纯,天津市福晨化学试剂厂;三氟乙酸 分析纯,广州科檬生物科技有限公司;菲啰嗪-钠盐、间羟基联苯、半乳糖醛酸、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚 分析纯,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;葡萄糖、水杨酸、刚果红、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、鼠李糖、蒽酮 上海阿达玛斯试剂有限公司;小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞系、DMEM培养液 武汉尚恩生物技术有限公司;胎牛血清 Cytiva公司;TNF-α、IL-1β酶联免疫吸附检测法(ELISA)试剂盒 上海科艾博生物技术有限公司;CCK8 武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司;三氯甲烷、硫酸 分析纯,四川西陇科学有限公司;L-抗坏血酸(维生素C) 分析纯,上海皓鸿生物医药科技有限公司。
723N紫外可见分光光度计 上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;GC-2014型气相色谱仪、UV-2500型紫外吸收光谱仪、IRTracer-100型红外光谱仪 日本岛津公司;Waters 1515型高效液相色谱仪、Waters2410型示差检测器、Waters2707型自动进样器 美国Waters公司;Multiskan FC全自动酶标仪 赛默飞世尔仪器有限公司;E-1045离子溅射仪 日本株式会社日立高新技术那珂事业所;SUPRA55vp场发射扫描电子显微镜 德国蔡司公司;SL-12N真空冷冻干燥机 南京市顺溜仪器有限公司;RE-2012旋转蒸发仪 上海兴创科学仪器设备有限公司。
按照课题组前期研究报道进行玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖的提取分离[12]。
前处理:玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣干燥粉碎,过100目筛,备用。称取100 g粉末,按料液比为1:5(g/mL)加入500 mL石油醚,磁力搅拌器搅拌2 h、抽滤、自然风干,粉末重复脱脂至石油醚层无色。脱脂后的粉末按料液比为1:5(g/mL)加入85%乙醇回流脱色,脱至乙醇颜色较淡,每次2 h,抽滤、自然风干,置于干燥通风处备用。
粗多糖的提取:经预处理后的玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣粉末通过水提醇沉法制备粗多糖,提取条件如下:提取时间为2 h,提取温度90 ℃,料液比为1:20(g/mL)。提取完毕,提取液离心(4000 r/min,10 min),上清液浓缩至原体积的1/3,再次离心(4000 r/min,5 min)去除不溶物,透析48 h(8000~14000 Da),上清液中加入4倍体积的无水乙醇沉淀12 h。离心(4000 r/min,5 min),取出沉淀,复溶,并冷冻干燥,得粗多糖RP及RRP,得率分别为8.64%、1.72%。
多糖的分离纯化:称取粗多糖5 g溶解在蒸馏水中,经AB-8大孔树脂脱色及脱蛋白后,上样于DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换柱(50 cm×50 mm)分离纯化,分别以蒸馏水、0.2、0.4、0.6及0.8 mol/L的NaCl溶液作为洗脱溶剂进行梯度洗脱,通过蒽酮硫酸法绘制洗脱曲线。水洗组分直接冻干,经NaCl洗脱所得组分进行透析(3500 Da)再冻干。玫瑰花及花渣多糖各得到一种中性及两种酸性多糖组分,命名为RP-Ⅰ、RP-Ⅱ、RP-Ⅲ和RRP-Ⅰ、RRP-Ⅱ、RRP-Ⅲ。其中,RP-Ⅰ、RP-Ⅱ及RP-Ⅲ的得率分别为5.40%、6.46%、1.09%;RRP-Ⅰ、RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ的得率分别为1.00%、7.75%、0.34%。
中性糖糖含量:通过蒽酮硫酸法测定糖含量[13],配制浓度为1 mg/mL葡萄糖标准溶液,稀释至不同浓度,取100 μL不同浓度的标准品溶液,加入400 μL 0.2%蒽酮-硫酸试剂,冷却后90 ℃反应10 min,取出,室温放置10 min,620 nm处测定吸光度,绘制葡萄糖标准曲线。样品溶液按照上述方法进行测定。标准曲线如下:y=0.0041x+0.0745,R2=0.9932。
糖醛酸含量:通过间羟基联苯法测定糖醛酸含量[14],配制浓度为100 μg/mL半乳糖醛酸标准品溶液,稀释至不同浓度,取100 μL不同浓度半乳糖醛酸标准品溶液,加入600 μL 0.01 mol/L四硼酸钠溶液,混匀,冷却,90 ℃反应12 min,取出,冷却至室温;随后加入8 μL 1.5 mg/mL间羟基联苯溶液,室温放置40 min,520 nm处测定吸光度,绘制半乳糖醛酸标准品曲线。样品溶液按照上述方法测定。标准曲线如下:y=0.0037x+0.0.0523,R2=0.9912。
蛋白含量:按照二辛可宁酸法(Bicinchoninic acid,BCA)试剂盒说明书检测样品中的蛋白含量。首先按照体积比50:1(V/V)分别混合BCA试剂盒中A、B液,准备工作液。取25 μL不同浓度的牛血清蛋白标准品溶液,加入175 μL的BCA工作液,混匀,37 ℃反应30 min,562 nm处测吸光度,绘制蛋白标准品曲线。样品溶液同上述方法测定。标准曲线如下:y=0.0009x+0.1393,R2=0.9947。
配制浓度为0.1 mg/mL的各多糖溶液,通过紫外吸收光谱仪测定其在200~400 nm范围内紫外吸收光谱(UV-visible spectroscopy,UV)。取少许多糖,加入适量溴化钾进行压片,通过红外吸收光谱仪测定4000~500 cm−1范围内的红外吸收光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)[9]。
采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法(High performance gel permeation chromatography,HPGPC)对多糖样品分子量进行测定[9]。精确称量不同分子量的右旋糖酐标准品(分子量1000~670000 Da系列分析标准品),以0.05 mol/L NaCl溶液作为溶剂,配制浓度为5 mg/mL的标准溶液,使用0.22 μm滤膜过滤备用,使用高效凝胶渗透色谱串联柱来进行检测,以标准品相对分子质量的对数值为纵坐标,以相应色谱峰的保留时间为横坐标进行线性回归,得校正曲线。按照上述方法配制5 mg/mL多糖样品溶液,8000 r/min离心10 min,过滤膜,备用。色谱条件:Waters示差检测器,聚合物基质水溶性SEC色谱柱(8×300 mm)3根串联,流速0.65 mL/min,柱温40 ℃,进样量为30 μL。
利用柱前衍生化及气相色谱法(Gas chromatography,GC)对RP及RRP单糖组成进行测定[15]。各称取5 mg半乳糖(Gal)、鼠李糖(Rha)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、木糖(Xyl)、葡萄糖(Glc)及甘露糖(Man),加入8 mg的盐酸羟胺及0.5 mL吡啶,于90 ℃水浴加热30 min,取出、冷却至室温,再加入0.5 mL乙酸酐,于90 ℃水浴加热30 min,待反应结束,取出、冷却至室温,用氮吹仪吹干,溶解于1 mL三氯甲烷,过0.45 μm滤头,供气相色谱分析。称取5 mg的各多糖样品,加入4 mL浓度为 2 mol/L的三氟乙酸溶液,于110 ℃水解6 h。待水解完毕,加入3 mL的甲醇,通过旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩,重复3~4次。经酸水解后的样品按照单糖的衍生化方法进行衍生化。色谱条件为:毛细管色谱柱 OV-1701(30 m×0.32 mm),膜厚0.25 μm。FID检测器,检测器温度250 ℃,进样口温度250 ℃,进样量2 μL,色谱柱程序起始温度为160 ℃,以5 ℃/min升至190 ℃,保持5 min,同样速度升温至230 ℃,载气为氮气。
取少量多糖样品于样品台上,用离子溅射仪喷一层铂金。用扫描电子显微镜在5000×放大倍数下观察各样品的表面形态。进一步通过与扫描电镜联用的EDX分析仪对多糖表面的元素组成进行半定量分析。
分别配制浓度为2 mg/mL的样品溶液,准确量取6份1 mL的样品溶液于离心管中,加入1 mL浓度为0.2 mmol/L刚果红试剂和不同体积的1 mol/L的NaOH溶液,使NaOH的最终浓度分别为0.5、0.4、0.3、0.2、0.1、0.05 mol/L,室温反应5 min。用紫外分光光度计测定反应液在400~700 nm波长范围内的最大吸收波长(λmax)。横坐标为NaOH的浓度,纵坐标为λmax,绘制各多糖溶液与刚果红形成络合物的λmax随着NaOH浓度变化的曲线[16]。
分别配制浓度为4 mg/mL的多糖样品母液(RP-Ⅰ、RP-Ⅱ、RP-Ⅲ、RRP-Ⅰ、RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ),将其稀释至不同的浓度梯度,分别测定DPPH、ABTS+及羟自由基清除能力、总还原能力及亚铁离子螯合能力,以2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)作为阳性对照(羟自由基清除率测定时阳性对照为VC),按下式(1)计算自由基清除率及亚铁离子螯合能力[17−19]。还原能力通过特定吸收波长下的吸光度表示。
$ \text{自由基清除能力}\left({\text{%}}\right) \text=\left({1-}\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{i}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{j}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}}\right)\times{100} $
式中,Ai表示样品组的吸光度;Aj表示对照组的吸光度;A0表示空白组的吸光度。
将RAW264.7细胞培养于DMEM完全培养基(含10%FBS、2%双抗),培养于37 ℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱内,使用对数生长期的细胞用于实验。
采用CCK8法检测细胞活性,取对数生长期细胞,调整密度为5×103个/mL,接种于96孔板中,每孔150 μL;分组培养,24 h后弃上清,加入含多糖样品(RP-Ⅱ、RP-Ⅲ、RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ)的完全培养基,多糖浓度分别为2、1、0.5、0.25、0.125 mg/mL,另设空白组(加入100 μL的10%的CCK-8溶液)和对照组(未给药细胞加入100 μL的10%的CCK-8溶液);24 h后弃上清,加入含10%CCK8的完全培养基,每孔100 μL,1 h后在450 nm处检测OD值,按照式(2)计算细胞存活率[20]。
$ \rm 细胞存活率({\text{%}})= \frac{{样品组OD值-空白组OD值}}{{对照组OD值}- {空白组OD值}}\times 100 $
取对数生长期细胞,调整密度为5×103个/mL,接种于96孔板中,每孔200 μL;分组培养,24 h后弃上清,加入含药完全培养基干预8 h,样品浓度为0.5 mg/mL,另设对照组(未给药细胞加入100 μL的10%的CCK-8溶液),实验重复3次,按照ELISA试剂盒说明书检测TNF-α、IL-1β含量。
采用Origin 2021进行数据绘图,SPSS 19.0软件进行数据分析,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,数据以平均值±标准差表示,P<0.05为存在显著差异,P>0.05为不存在显著差异。
玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖经DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换柱层析法分离纯化的洗脱曲线如图1所示。RP及RRP均获得一种中性(RP-Ⅰ、RRP-Ⅰ)和两种酸性多糖(RP-Ⅱ、RP-Ⅲ和RRP-Ⅱ、RRP-Ⅲ)。玫瑰花多糖中含有较多的中性糖和酸性糖,而玫瑰花渣主要以0.2 mol/L的NaCl洗脱的组分RRP-Ⅱ为主;均随着NaCl溶液浓度的上升,各多糖组分得率逐渐下降。此结果表明精油的提取导致部分水溶性糖的损失。各组分含量测定结果如表1所示,其结果表明中性组分RRP-Ⅰ的糖含量略低于RP-Ⅰ,而RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ的糖含量高于RP-Ⅱ及RP-Ⅲ。糖醛酸含量而言,玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖显出无规则变化,其中RP-Ⅱ的含量更高,达66.21%;四种酸性多糖均含有较多的糖醛酸,说明RP-Ⅱ、RP-Ⅲ、RRP-Ⅱ、RRP-Ⅲ可能是果胶类多糖[15]。蛋白含量测定结果表明,两种中性多糖组分RP-Ⅰ及RRP-Ⅰ蛋白含量较高,此外酸性组分RP-Ⅲ的蛋白含量也较高,经大孔吸附树脂脱蛋白仍然未能去除蛋白质,说明其中可能含有以共价方式结合的蛋白质[21]。上述结果表明,玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖在其得率及含量等方面均存在较大的差异,此差异将导致多糖显示出不同的结构及活性特征。虽然精油提取导致玫瑰花中多糖的损失,但其中仍保留丰富的多糖成分。因此,研究玫瑰花渣中的多糖成分有实际的意义。
经UV扫描可知(图2A),RP-Ⅰ、RP-Ⅲ和RRP-Ⅰ在280 nm处有吸收峰,表明其可能含有蛋白,跟脱蛋白结果相结合初步判断RP-Ⅰ、RP-Ⅲ及RRP-Ⅰ中可能含有共价方式结合的蛋白,该结果与表1中定量测定结果一致。
玫瑰花多糖和玫瑰花渣多糖的FT-IR图如图2B所示,两种多糖均在4000~500 cm−1范围内呈现出典型的红外吸收峰。其中,3270 cm−1附近的峰因羟基O-H伸缩振动而引起,2950 cm−1附近的吸收峰为-CH3的C-H伸缩振动峰;1640 cm−1附近的吸收峰为糖类水合振动峰,1250~1000 cm−1范围内的3个弱吸收峰表明玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖均是吡喃多糖,850及890 cm−1附近的吸收峰表明多糖中存在α及β构型的糖苷键[22−23]。结果表明,玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖均含有典型的糖类化合物吸收峰。
HPGPC法分子量测定结果如图3A及表2所示。各多糖重均分子量(Mw)及数均分子量(Mn)差距较大,Mw介于2.82~825.06 kDa之间、Mn介于2.15~473.49 kDa之间,分布系数在1.31~1.74。其中RPs的分子量显著低于RRPs。此结果表明玫瑰花渣多糖中低分子量的部分可能在精油提取过程中有所损失。GC法单糖组成检测结果如图3B及表3所示,各多糖由不同摩尔比的鼠李糖(Rha)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、甘露糖(Man)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)组成,其中RP主要以Man、Gal及Glc为主,RRP以Ara及Gal为主。此外,RRPs还含有少量木糖(Xyl),且其中Gal的含量比RPs更为丰富。结果表明玫瑰花及经精油提取后的玫瑰花渣在其分子量及单糖组成方面存在较大的差异。因此,精油的提取对原有的玫瑰花多糖产生一定的影响。
分子量是多糖生物活性至关重要的影响因素之一,分子量过高将影响多糖的溶解度,从而阻碍活性的发挥,且分子量过高的多糖无法较好地与细胞融合,从而导致其活性较弱。分子量较低的多糖因O-H的分子内氢键效应和给电子取代基显示出较高的抗氧化性能[24]。单糖组成方面,酸性多糖由于其所含的半乳糖醛酸往往显示出较强的生物活性,此外中性糖种类对多糖发挥其生物活性也有至关重要的影响。Yuan等[25]发现Ara、Gal、Xyl及Glc能够增强多糖的抗氧化活性。本研究结果表明RPs及RRPs在其分子量及单糖组成方面差距较大,其中RRPs的分子量更大,单糖种类更为丰富,且所含Gal的含量更高,表明RRPs化学结构更为复杂,进一步通过研究糖链的精细结构、糖苷键连接方式及支链构型等特征传递更多生物识别信息,包括细胞识别、信号传导、分子识别及生物活性调控等关键生物学信息。然而,本研究中的玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖结构方面与已有文献报道相比显示出一定的差异。Zhang等[26]从玫瑰花中分离得到了一种中性(RRPS-1)及一种酸性多糖(RRPS-2),分子量分别为8.8及443.8  kDa,主要由岩藻糖、Ara、Xyl、Man、Glc、Gal组成,摩尔比为1.79:6.14:5.64:2.69:65.47:18.26。Wu等[27]从玫瑰花渣中分离得到了一种具有免疫调节活性的多糖,其分子量为111 kDa,由摩尔比为42.6:21.4:9.9:2.2:23.9的Glc、Man、Ara、Xyl及Gal组成的多糖。上述差异表明目标药材的来源、多糖的制备方法及分离纯化手段对多糖的结构产生明显的影响,结构方面的差异将导致玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖显出不同的生物活性。
玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖在5000×的放大倍数下的扫描电镜结果如图4所示。其中,中性多糖组分RP-Ⅰ(图4A)和RRP-Ⅰ(图4D)由无规则的球状或块状组成,RP-Ⅰ颗粒更加立体,RRP-Ⅰ则表面更光滑;RP-Ⅱ(图4B)和RRP-Ⅱ(图4E)形貌基本相似,多表现为无规则的球状突起,表面较为粗糙;RP-Ⅲ(图4C)表面呈现高度有序的分级组装结构,多为针状或棒状微晶,多为刀锋状结构,而RRP-Ⅲ(图4F)则更加偏向为蜂窝煤状,包含大小不一的孔洞。综上所述,玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖在形貌特征方面各不相同,此现象可能与各多糖分子间的氢键网络及分子间作用力不同有关。EDX元素分析结果(图5)表明玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖除含有C、O之外,还含有S、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、P等微量元素。
刚果红可与具有三螺旋构象的多糖分子形成复合物,在一定碱性条件下会使刚果红-多糖复合物的λmax发生红移[28],而碱浓度过大会使复合物解离,从而使得λmax呈现出下降趋势。研究显示多糖的三螺旋结构等高级结构的差异会导致生物活性的差异。玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖刚果红试验结果如图6所示,除RP-Ⅲ外,其余多糖与对照组相比均发生红移现象,并随着NaOH浓度升高λmax逐渐下降。然而,各多糖的λmax上升幅度有一定的差别,中性多糖组分RP-Ⅰ及RRP-Ⅰ的λmax变化量最为明显。酸性组分RP-Ⅱ、RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ的λmax变化量及趋势基本一致。此结果表明RP-Ⅰ、RP-Ⅱ、RRP-Ⅰ、RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ多糖组分可能含有三螺旋结构,而其内部构象存在一些差异,其需要通过进一步实验进行探讨。
抗氧化活性结果表明玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖均显出较强的抗氧化活性,随着多糖浓度的升高,各多糖的自由基清除能力及亚铁离子螯合能力基本呈现上升趋势,结果如图7所示。
DPPH自由基清除能力方面(图7A),RP-Ⅰ的清除能力最强,IC50值为9.59×10−2 mg/mL,其次为RRP-Ⅰ,其余酸性多糖的DPPH自由基清除能力均较弱。尤其是RP-Ⅱ及RP-Ⅲ,当浓度为1 mg/mL时,自由基清除能力分别为15.16%及28.16%。羟自由基清除能力方面(图7B),各多糖的自由基清除能力均较弱,且显著低于VC(P<0.05)。其中,RP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ的清除能力略高,当浓度为1 mg/mL时,其对羟自由基的清除能力分别为54.34%及48.89%。各多糖的ABTS+自由基清除能力强弱为RP-Ⅲ>RRP-Ⅰ>RP-Ⅰ>RRP-Ⅲ>RP-Ⅱ>RRP-Ⅱ。其中,RP-Ⅲ及两种中性多糖的ABTS+自由基清除能力强于其余多糖。亚铁离子螯合能力方面,RP-Ⅰ及RP-Ⅲ的活性最为显著,当其浓度为1 mg/mL时,亚铁离子螯合能力达74.26%及64.32%。RP-Ⅰ、RP-Ⅲ及RRP-Ⅰ显出较强的总还原能力,且当浓度为1 mg/mL时,RP-Ⅰ的总还原能力与阳性对照相当。
以上结果表明与玫瑰花多糖相比,玫瑰花渣多糖同样显出较强的自由基清除能力及亚铁离子螯合能力,且玫瑰花渣多糖对DPPH、ABTS+及羟自由基的清除能力整体比玫瑰花多糖有不同幅度的上升,此现象可能与玫瑰花渣多糖更为复杂的结构相关。从图7及表4可知,各多糖显出不同的抗氧化活性,其中中性多糖DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力显著强于酸性多糖。研究表明多糖的生物活性与其含量、单糖组成、分子量、空间构象、糖链结构等多个因素相关[29−30]。RP-Ⅰ的强抗氧化活性可能与其较低的分子量[25]及其所含的蛋白质成分相关[31]。酸性多糖组分显出了较强的羟自由基清除能力,尤其是RP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ,其IC50值分别为1.11及 1.35 mg/mL,此结果可能与其较高的糖醛酸含量有关,糖醛酸含量的增加可能会减少羟基自由基的产生,使多糖提供电子能力更强,抗氧化活性更高[32]。
研究报道显示有关玫瑰花渣多糖抗氧化活性方面的报道甚少,张婷阳等[33]发现玫瑰花渣粗多糖对DPPH及ABTS+自由基的清除能力的IC50值分别为0.357、0.608 mg/mL。RRP-Ⅰ、RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ中,RRP-Ⅰ对DPPH及ABTS+自由基清除能力与亚铁离子螯合能力最强,其IC50值分别为0.66、0.10、4.27 mg/mL,而RRP-Ⅲ对羟自由基清除能力最强,IC50值达1.35 mg/mL。RRP-Ⅰ虽然分子量较高,但其单糖组成较为丰富。研究报道显示Ara及Gal含量高的多糖显出较强的抗氧化活性,因此其高活性可能与其单糖组成有关[34]。与本文结果相比,经分离纯化后的多糖中RRP-Ⅰ清除ABTS+自由基的能力较强,而DPPH自由基清除能力均较弱。由于粗多糖中含有较多的除多糖以外的小分子杂质,导致其活性较强。因此,多糖的抗氧化活性是其含量、分子量及单糖组成等众多因素的综合表现[35]。综上所述,玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖均具有较强的抗氧化活性,通过玫瑰花渣中多糖成分的分离分析可以实现农业副产物资源的综合利用。
免疫调节活性为多糖最为主要的生物活性之一,多糖的多种抗氧化、抗炎等功效均可通过免疫调节而发挥。通常,多糖通过促进细胞增殖、分泌细胞因子及激活信号通路等起免疫调节作用,并改善机体的健康。Wu等[27]从玫瑰花渣中分离得到一种多糖,体外研究表明,其可以增强巨噬细胞的吞噬活性,促进ROS、NO、IL-6、TNF-α的产生,激活NF-κB信号通路,发挥免疫调节活性。Ma等[36]报道从艾草根中分离得到的果聚糖通过激活TLR/MAPK信号通路,增强巨噬细胞的增殖及吞噬活性,促进细胞因子的分泌,从而发挥免疫调节活性。Wu等[37]报道从灵芝中分离得到的半乳糖聚糖通过激活TLR/MAPK信号通路,促进巨噬细胞的增殖和吞噬活性,并显著促进NO和细胞因子的分泌,发挥其免疫调节活性。本文中以巨噬细胞RAW 264.7为研究对象,分别探讨玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖对其细胞增殖的活性及细胞因子分泌的影响,经综合考虑各组分的得率、分子量及单糖组成结果,选择RP-Ⅱ、RP-Ⅲ、RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ开展免疫调节活性的评价,结果如图8所示。
RP-Ⅱ、RP-Ⅲ、RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ四种多糖在(0.125~2 mg/mL)浓度范围内对RAW264.7巨噬细胞均无毒性(存活率大于100%),RP-Ⅱ及RP-Ⅲ在浓度为0.5 mg/mL时细胞存活率最高,而RRP-Ⅱ及RRP-Ⅲ在浓度为1 mg/mL时细胞存活率最高,但其与多糖浓度为0.5 mg/mL时的细胞存活率差距较小,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。因此,选择剂量为0.5 mg/mL进行细胞因子分泌实验。进一步通过ELISA试剂盒检测多糖对巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子的影响,结果如图9所示。与对照组相比,RP-Ⅱ、RRP-Ⅱ和RP-Ⅲ显著促进了IL-1β的分泌(P<0.05),而RP-Ⅲ、RRP-Ⅱ和RRP-Ⅲ显著促进了TNF-α分泌(P<0.05),结果表明,玫瑰花和玫瑰花渣多糖在浓度为0.5 mg/mL时可促进巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β、TNF-α。上述结果与Wu等[27]及Slavov等[38]的报道结果一致,玫瑰花及玫瑰花渣多糖能够促进巨噬细胞的增殖,并促进细胞因子的分泌,其可作为潜在的免疫调节剂。
玫瑰花及经精油提取后的玫瑰花渣均含有丰富的多糖成分,但二者在结构和活性方面有一定的区别。尤其是各多糖在其含量及单糖组成方面差异较大,玫瑰花多糖主要由Gal、Glc和Man组成,而玫瑰花渣多糖由Ara和Gal为主。各多糖在分子量及空间构象方面显示出一定的特点。生物活性检测结果显示其均具有一定的体外自由基清除能力及促进巨噬细胞增殖及分泌细胞因子的能力,尤其是中性多糖显示出较强的自由基清除能力,酸性多糖RP-Ⅲ及RRP-Ⅱ显出较强的免疫调节活性。本文研究结果显示作为农业废弃物资源的玫瑰花渣仍含有大量活性多糖类成分,将为玫瑰花资源的综合利用及农业副产物资源的高值化利用提供一定的理论依据。然而,有关玫瑰花渣多糖结构与活性之间的构效关系尚需要进一步探讨,并通过核磁共振、甲基化等手段解析精细结构,从而为构效关系的阐明提供基础。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060321
  • 接收时间:2025-06-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26
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    1新疆农业大学化学化工学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
    2中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所,中国科学院干旱区植物资源化学重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

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阿衣吐逊·阿布都外力(1991−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:糖化学及生物学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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