Article(id=1320882238309389091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120314, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735142400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852466417, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852466417, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852466417, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852466417, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=262, endPage=269, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882238594601764, articleId=1320882238309389091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of Preparation Process and Quality Evaluation of Purple Sweet Potato Preserves Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The present study aimed to enhance the quality of purple sweet potato preserves by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum. The optimized fermentation process for purple sweet potato preserved fruit (FPSF) was developed using single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, this study compared the differences in color, total acid, soluble sugar, texture, water distribution, and tissue structure between the FPSF and the unfermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit (UPSF) directly soaked in sugar under the same conditions. The results revealed the optimal production process of FPSF was as follows: fermentation with 2% L. plantarum for 24 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:8 (g/g), microwave sugar-soaking at 560 W for 25 min in a 40% (g/g) sugar solution, soaking in sugar at room temperature for 8 h, and drying at 60 ℃ for 140 min. Findings indicated FPSF had a bright color, a sweet and sour taste, and a crisp texture. Compared with UPSF, its total acid content increased by 1.13 times, and texture indexes such as hardness and chewiness nearly doubled. The water mobility of FPSF was lower than that of UPSF. The proportion of the peak area of T22 (immobile water) increased to 91.17%. The degree of surface water aggregation decreased significantly, and the tissue structure became more complete and compact. The overall sensory comprehensive score of FPSF was approximately 16.77% higher than that of UPSF. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development of diversified preserved fruit products and the modification of the tissue structure of fruits and vegetables.

, authors=Tian XIONG1, Mengqi ZHANG2, Fang CAI1, Jianbin SHI1, Yong SUI1, Xueling CHEN1, Chuanhui FAN1, Xin MEI1, *, authorsList=Tian XIONG, Mengqi ZHANG, Fang CAI, Jianbin SHI, Yong SUI, Xueling CHEN, Chuanhui FAN, Xin MEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin MEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882241773884210, articleId=1320882238309389091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=植物乳杆菌发酵紫甘薯果脯的制备工艺优化及品质评价, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究利用植物乳杆菌发酵改善紫甘薯果脯品质。经单因素和正交试验获得植物乳杆菌发酵后渗糖紫甘薯脯(Fermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit,FPSF)并对比其与同等条件下未发酵直接渗糖紫甘薯脯(Unfermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit,UPSF)在色泽、总酸、可溶性糖、质构、水分分布、组织结构等方面的差异。结果表明,FPSF的最佳制作工艺:2%植物乳杆菌发酵24 h,料液比1:8(g/g),40%(g/g)糖液浓度下560 W微波渗糖25 min,常温浸糖8 h,60 ℃烘干140 min。上述工艺制备的FPSF色泽艳丽,滋味酸甜可口,且口感爽脆。与UPSF相比,其总酸含量提升了1.13倍,硬度、咀嚼性等质构指标提升了近一倍。FPSF较UPSF水分流动性减弱,T22(不易流动水)峰面积比例增大至91.17%,表面水分聚集程度显著降低,组织结构更加完整和紧密。FPSF整体感官综合评分较UPSF提升了约16.77%。该研究发现为多元化果脯产品的开发及果蔬组织结构的改性提供理论基础。

, authors=熊添1, 张梦琦2, 蔡芳1, 施建斌1, 隋勇1, 陈学玲1, 范传会1, 梅新1, *, authorsList=熊添, 张梦琦, 蔡芳, 施建斌, 隋勇, 陈学玲, 范传会, 梅新, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=梅新, authorNote=

熊添(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工与副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bb/r2cIQVzesJqOMs8TQtg==, magXml=tdXevA4v/wKv2baU+5pobg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=KSjNl9XeUNO6gm6No0he/g==, pdfFileSize=4916658, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=UP7H1SjQImuKT0EnAaZszQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=sa7SaNnuNfPLFweRgwEa/Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320882242268812091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xiongtian1995@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320882242356892477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, authorId=1320882242268812091, language=EN, stringName=Tian XIONG, firstName=Tian, middleName=null, lastName=XIONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China/Institute of Agro-Product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320882242436584254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, authorId=1320882242268812091, language=CN, stringName=熊添, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064, bio={"content":"

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(10): 254−260.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882257305392074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU X, LI L X, FENG J G, et al. Effect of different sugar infiltration processes on quality of candied blueberry fruit[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(10): 254−260., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882242012959540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882242021348149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, companyId=1320882242012959540, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China/Institute of Agro-Product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882242033931062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, companyId=1320882242012959540, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882242126205751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882242134594360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, companyId=1320882242126205751, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Food and Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Design and Engineering, Wuhan 430205, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882242172343097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, companyId=1320882242126205751, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2武汉设计工程学院食品与生物科技学院,湖北武汉 430205)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882246387618670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Results of the single factor experiment, figureFileSmall=aEJIHSV3GM0oTij7CCT+WQ==, figureFileBig=UP7H1SjQImuKT0EnAaZszQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882246471504751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=图1, caption=单因素实验结果, figureFileSmall=aEJIHSV3GM0oTij7CCT+WQ==, figureFileBig=UP7H1SjQImuKT0EnAaZszQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882246828020593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Basic components of PSP, UPSF, and FPSF, figureFileSmall=Q5hAvHRgd/BpAjUuNToNkQ==, figureFileBig=lWotY1801em+zxGVL/puyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882246899323762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PSP、UPSF和FPSF的基本成分

注:(a)水分含量,(b)总酸含量(以乳酸计),(c)可溶性糖含量。图上标注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图3、图4、图6同。

, figureFileSmall=Q5hAvHRgd/BpAjUuNToNkQ==, figureFileBig=lWotY1801em+zxGVL/puyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882246979015539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison and analysis of the color difference between UPSF and FPSF, figureFileSmall=KPmHa/ghmnXOoUWs7YPtrA==, figureFileBig=eG4JeKojvqfg/OXzeNhE/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882247109038964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=图3, caption=UPSF和FPSF间色泽差异的比较与分析

注:(a)UPSF和FPSF的外观,(b)UPSF和FPSF的色泽。

, figureFileSmall=KPmHa/ghmnXOoUWs7YPtrA==, figureFileBig=eG4JeKojvqfg/OXzeNhE/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882247176147829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Moisture distribution of PSP, UPSF and FPSF, figureFileSmall=KkbrsTsA9cgivuC/unjKBA==, figureFileBig=TBtGsZj5g2giYA1GdiI4pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882247247450998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PSP、UPSF和FPSF水分分布情况

注:(a)核磁共振横向驰豫时(T2)反演谱图,(b)PSP、UPSF和FPSF水分分布面积,(c)核磁共振驰豫时间和伪彩成像。

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注:(a)PSP(未发酵),(b)UPSF(渗糖后),(c)UPSF(烘干后),(d)FPSF(发酵后),(e)FPSF(渗糖后),(f)FPSF(烘干后)。

, figureFileSmall=iyJAolfN0PE3V2LZ/v6miw==, figureFileBig=K1wkzl4lh46yGT1BC9sI6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882247436194681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Sensory scores of preserved purple sweet potato, figureFileSmall=73aQKSTlPTpyTD17DEnagA==, figureFileBig=mfwkfgwywdNK59JpBwukeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882247520080762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=图6, caption=紫甘薯果脯的感官评分, figureFileSmall=73aQKSTlPTpyTD17DEnagA==, figureFileBig=mfwkfgwywdNK59JpBwukeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882247578801019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor level of orthogonal experimental design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平A微波时间
(min)
B糖液浓度
(%)
C常温浸糖
时间(h)
D烘干时间
(min)
115206100
220308120
3254010140
), ArticleFig(id=1320882247671075708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交试验设计因素水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平A微波时间
(min)
B糖液浓度
(%)
C常温浸糖
时间(h)
D烘干时间
(min)
115206100
220308120
3254010140
), ArticleFig(id=1320882247742378877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory scoring standard of preserved purple sweet potato

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评分标准分数权重
色泽色泽鲜艳、呈现诱人的红宝石色86~10020%
色泽过于黯淡或鲜艳,部分丧失产品特点60~85
色泽发黑或泛白,完全失去产品特征0~59
外观外观平滑、无断裂、不流糖、不粘手86~10020%
外观平滑、略有粘手60~85
外观不平滑、粘手、有收缩现象0~59
风味风味协调、酸甜适中86~10030%
风味一般、略甜或略酸60~85
风味一般、甜味偏重或酸味偏重0~59
组织形态质地均匀一致、口感细腻、弹性、韧性适中86~10030%
质地均匀、任性过大、有嚼劲60~85
质地不均匀、略感粗糙0~59
), ArticleFig(id=1320882247884985214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

紫甘薯果脯的感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评分标准分数权重
色泽色泽鲜艳、呈现诱人的红宝石色86~10020%
色泽过于黯淡或鲜艳,部分丧失产品特点60~85
色泽发黑或泛白,完全失去产品特征0~59
外观外观平滑、无断裂、不流糖、不粘手86~10020%
外观平滑、略有粘手60~85
外观不平滑、粘手、有收缩现象0~59
风味风味协调、酸甜适中86~10030%
风味一般、略甜或略酸60~85
风味一般、甜味偏重或酸味偏重0~59
组织形态质地均匀一致、口感细腻、弹性、韧性适中86~10030%
质地均匀、任性过大、有嚼劲60~85
质地不均匀、略感粗糙0~59
), ArticleFig(id=1320882247977259903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

L9(34) Orthogonal experimental design and optimization results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A微波时间
(min)
B糖液浓度
(%)
C常温浸糖
时间(h)
D烘干时间
(min)
感官评分
(分)
11520610081.83±0.24
21530812082.83±0.12
315401014082.67±0.31
42020814082.75±0.35
520301010082.58±0.51
62040612083.75±0.20
725201012083.00±0.20
82530614084.50±0.71
92540810084.83±0.24
k182.4482.5382.9783.08
k283.0383.3183.4783.19
k384.1183.7583.1483.31
R1.671.220.500.22
主次顺序A>B>C>D
验证实验最佳因素水平组合A3B3C2D387.00±0.50
), ArticleFig(id=1320882248048563072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

L9(34)正交试验设计及优化结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A微波时间
(min)
B糖液浓度
(%)
C常温浸糖
时间(h)
D烘干时间
(min)
感官评分
(分)
11520610081.83±0.24
21530812082.83±0.12
315401014082.67±0.31
42020814082.75±0.35
520301010082.58±0.51
62040612083.75±0.20
725201012083.00±0.20
82530614084.50±0.71
92540810084.83±0.24
k182.4482.5382.9783.08
k283.0383.3183.4783.19
k384.1183.7583.1483.31
R1.671.220.500.22
主次顺序A>B>C>D
验证实验最佳因素水平组合A3B3C2D387.00±0.50
), ArticleFig(id=1320882248132449153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of variance

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方差来源离差平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
A12.8826.4432.340.00**
B8.5024.2521.350.00**
C2.7221.366.840.01*
D1.7720.884.440.03*
误差3.58180.20
), ArticleFig(id=1320882248191169410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源离差平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
A12.8826.4432.340.00**
B8.5024.2521.350.00**
C2.7221.366.840.01*
D1.7720.884.440.03*
误差3.58180.20
), ArticleFig(id=1320882248287638403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Texture of UPSF and FPSF

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质构指标UPSFFPSF
硬度(g)9187.05±756.41b17686.42±1659.87a
粘力(g)−9.16±3.44a−8.32±3.41a
回复性(%)60.27±1.83b73.42±2.41a
内聚力0.89±0.01b0.91±0.01a
弹性(%)99.62±0.55a98.00±1.18a
咀嚼性8022.11±832.79b15474.36±874.61a
), ArticleFig(id=1320882248384107397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882238309389091, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

UPSF和FPSF的质构

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质构指标UPSFFPSF
硬度(g)9187.05±756.41b17686.42±1659.87a
粘力(g)−9.16±3.44a−8.32±3.41a
回复性(%)60.27±1.83b73.42±2.41a
内聚力0.89±0.01b0.91±0.01a
弹性(%)99.62±0.55a98.00±1.18a
咀嚼性8022.11±832.79b15474.36±874.61a
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植物乳杆菌发酵紫甘薯果脯的制备工艺优化及品质评价
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熊添 1 , 张梦琦 2 , 蔡芳 1 , 施建斌 1 , 隋勇 1 , 陈学玲 1 , 范传会 1 , 梅新 1, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(1): 262-269
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (1) : 262 -269
植物乳杆菌发酵紫甘薯果脯的制备工艺优化及品质评价
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熊添1 , 张梦琦2, 蔡芳1, 施建斌1, 隋勇1, 陈学玲1, 范传会1, 梅新1, *
作者信息
  • 1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064
  • 2武汉设计工程学院食品与生物科技学院,湖北武汉 430205
通讯作者:
梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工与副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

熊添(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

Optimization of Preparation Process and Quality Evaluation of Purple Sweet Potato Preserves Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum
Tian XIONG1 , Mengqi ZHANG2, Fang CAI1, Jianbin SHI1, Yong SUI1, Xueling CHEN1, Chuanhui FAN1, Xin MEI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China/Institute of Agro-Product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 2School of Food and Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Design and Engineering, Wuhan 430205, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120314
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研究利用植物乳杆菌发酵改善紫甘薯果脯品质。经单因素和正交试验获得植物乳杆菌发酵后渗糖紫甘薯脯(Fermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit,FPSF)并对比其与同等条件下未发酵直接渗糖紫甘薯脯(Unfermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit,UPSF)在色泽、总酸、可溶性糖、质构、水分分布、组织结构等方面的差异。结果表明,FPSF的最佳制作工艺:2%植物乳杆菌发酵24 h,料液比1:8(g/g),40%(g/g)糖液浓度下560 W微波渗糖25 min,常温浸糖8 h,60 ℃烘干140 min。上述工艺制备的FPSF色泽艳丽,滋味酸甜可口,且口感爽脆。与UPSF相比,其总酸含量提升了1.13倍,硬度、咀嚼性等质构指标提升了近一倍。FPSF较UPSF水分流动性减弱,T22(不易流动水)峰面积比例增大至91.17%,表面水分聚集程度显著降低,组织结构更加完整和紧密。FPSF整体感官综合评分较UPSF提升了约16.77%。该研究发现为多元化果脯产品的开发及果蔬组织结构的改性提供理论基础。

植物乳杆菌  /  发酵  /  紫甘薯  /  果脯  /  品质  /  组织结构

The present study aimed to enhance the quality of purple sweet potato preserves by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum. The optimized fermentation process for purple sweet potato preserved fruit (FPSF) was developed using single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, this study compared the differences in color, total acid, soluble sugar, texture, water distribution, and tissue structure between the FPSF and the unfermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit (UPSF) directly soaked in sugar under the same conditions. The results revealed the optimal production process of FPSF was as follows: fermentation with 2% L. plantarum for 24 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:8 (g/g), microwave sugar-soaking at 560 W for 25 min in a 40% (g/g) sugar solution, soaking in sugar at room temperature for 8 h, and drying at 60 ℃ for 140 min. Findings indicated FPSF had a bright color, a sweet and sour taste, and a crisp texture. Compared with UPSF, its total acid content increased by 1.13 times, and texture indexes such as hardness and chewiness nearly doubled. The water mobility of FPSF was lower than that of UPSF. The proportion of the peak area of T22 (immobile water) increased to 91.17%. The degree of surface water aggregation decreased significantly, and the tissue structure became more complete and compact. The overall sensory comprehensive score of FPSF was approximately 16.77% higher than that of UPSF. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development of diversified preserved fruit products and the modification of the tissue structure of fruits and vegetables.

Lactobacillus plantarum  /  fermentation  /  purple sweet potato  /  preserves  /  quality  /  tissue structure
熊添, 张梦琦, 蔡芳, 施建斌, 隋勇, 陈学玲, 范传会, 梅新. 植物乳杆菌发酵紫甘薯果脯的制备工艺优化及品质评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 262 -269 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120314
Tian XIONG, Mengqi ZHANG, Fang CAI, Jianbin SHI, Yong SUI, Xueling CHEN, Chuanhui FAN, Xin MEI. Optimization of Preparation Process and Quality Evaluation of Purple Sweet Potato Preserves Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 262 -269 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120314
紫甘薯营养丰富且加工利用广泛,以其为原料制成的紫甘薯果脯,现已成为一款热门的健康食品[1−3]。市场销售的果脯多以传统工艺进行制作,所使用的添加剂种类多、护色剂硫残留量高,危害人体健康,且含糖量普遍高于50%,无法满足消费者对健康食品的减糖需求[4]。紫甘薯中淀粉含量高,加热糊化会阻碍果脯加工过程中的渗糖[5−6]。而糊化淀粉的老化回生又影响紫甘薯果脯的口感、透明度和软化度[7]。含糖量约为40%的紫甘薯果脯由于降低了渗糖液浓度,存在渗糖速度慢、外形不够饱满、贮藏期短等缺点,需要一些辅助措施来加速渗糖[8]。降低含糖量的紫甘薯果脯的制作工艺亟需优化和改良。
目前已有不少学者对紫甘薯果脯的制作工艺进行了改良,如潘真清[9]通过预渗透处理缩短了果脯的干燥时间;张莹丽等[10]以柑橘和紫甘薯为原料通过真空干燥制作了酸甜可口的橘汁紫甘薯果脯;杜连启等[11]则以紫甘薯和山楂为原料,通过工艺参数优化,研制出含糖量低、别具风味、营养丰富的复合薯脯。但是上述研究多停留在简单工艺或配方的重组,并未尝试将微生物发酵等技术手段应用于果脯发酵,更未对果脯整体色泽、质构等方面的变化进行深入探究。发酵能抑制腐败菌和一般病原菌的生长,也能提高原有的未发酵食品的营养价值,在食品发酵后,其原来的色泽、风味都会有所改变[12]。有学者研究表明,植物乳杆菌发酵活性高、产酸强、具有抑菌防腐功能,是一株良好适用于紫甘薯发酵的乳酸菌[13]。将微生物发酵技术应用在果脯制作中有助于改善风味与口感,提高营养价值,延长保质期,提升生产效率与质量稳定性,还能满足市场多元化需求。
为在尽可能少使用添加剂且降低渗糖液浓度的前提下解决紫甘薯果脯护色和渗糖难题,本研究通过植物乳杆菌发酵产酸达到护色效果,并利用酸热条件促进淀粉转化成糖加速果脯的渗糖,进而改善紫甘薯果脯的风味、口感,缩短干燥时间,此外植物乳杆菌发酵也使食品的感官性能、营养价值进一步提高,为后续开发一种安全健康且风味多元的紫甘薯果脯提供研究方向和参考依据。研究还对比分析了植物乳杆菌发酵后渗糖果脯(Fermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit,FPSF)和未发酵直接渗糖果脯(Unfermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit,UPSF)在色泽、质构、总酸、可溶性糖等方面的差异,并利用石蜡切片、核磁共振技术等手段对比分析两种果脯在组织结构、水分分布等方面的区别,为深入研究发酵型风味果脯色泽及组织结构提供技术支撑。
紫甘薯(日本凌紫) 湖北根聚地农业发展股份有限公司;植物乳杆菌Lp90(1000亿CFU/500 g) 江苏微康生物科技有限公司;白砂糖 太古糖业有限公司;Faa植物专用固定液 北京兰杰柯科技有限公司;柠檬酸(食品级) 郑州苍宇食品化工有限公司;氯化钙(食品级)、D-异抗坏血酸钠(食品级) 河南万邦实业有限公司;硫酸铜、酒石酸钠钾、氢氧化钠等试剂均为国产分析纯。
722N可见分光光度计 上海仪电分析仪器有限公司;TA XTPLUS质构仪 英国Stable Micro Systems公司;MZ-2070EGZ微波炉 青岛胶南海尔微波制品有限公司;SPX-250B-Z培养箱 上海博讯实业有限公司医疗设备厂;DHG-9123A电热鼓风干燥箱 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;GJ-69切片机 拜杰家具公司;HENSI-GZ-01超净工作台 深圳市蓝思净化科技有限公司;EOS700D数码照相机 日本佳能公司;NMI20-025V-I核磁共振成像分析仪 苏州纽迈分析仪器股份有限公司;CR-10plus色差计 日本柯尼卡美能达控股公司;S210-B pH计 瑞士梅特勒托利多公司;Nikon Eclipse CI正置光学显微镜 日本尼康公司。
优化植物乳杆菌发酵紫甘薯果脯的制备工艺,对比最佳工艺条件制备的植物乳杆菌发酵紫甘薯果脯、未发酵紫甘薯果脯和新鲜未处理紫甘薯的水分、总酸、可溶性糖、色泽、外观、感官评分、组织结构、质构等指标。
全文中,新鲜未处理紫甘薯(Purple sweet potatoes)用PSP表示,未发酵紫甘薯果脯(Unfermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit)用UPSF表示;植物乳杆菌发酵紫甘薯果脯(Fermented purple sweet potato preserved fruit)用FPSF表示。
挑选个头适中、无虫蛀和病斑的紫甘薯,用流动的水将其表面的污泥清洗干净;切除表皮后,将紫甘薯切片至4 mm厚,使用模具整型成2.0 cm×2.0 cm圆形形状。
参考隋勇等[4]的方法,略作调整。工艺流程:清洗切片→护色硬化→清洗→微波渗糖→浸糖→烘干。
清洗切片处理条件同1.2.1.1。
护色硬化:室温下,将紫甘薯片放入无硫护色硬化液中浸泡10 min,紫甘薯和护色硬化液的质量比为1:8(g/g),每1000 mL护色硬化剂中含4.0 g柠檬酸、5.0 g氯化钙及0.5 g D-异抗坏血酸钠。
清洗:洗掉紫甘薯片表面的护色硬化液。
微波渗糖:将紫甘薯与40%(g/g)浓度糖液按1:8(g/g)的比例放入微波炉中以560 W功率进行微波渗糖25 min。
浸糖:将紫甘薯按1:8(g/g)的比例放入40%(g/g)浓度糖液常温浸糖8 h。
烘干:常温浸糖结束后,将紫薯果脯放入60 ℃的烘箱中烘140 min。
工艺流程:清洗切片→护色硬化→清洗→灭菌→接种发酵→微波渗糖→浸糖→烘干。
清洗切片、护色硬化、清洗、微波渗糖、浸糖、烘干等处理条件同1.2.1.2。
灭菌:将紫甘薯片、无菌水及用铝箔袋包装密封的植物乳酸杆菌粉放在超净工作台上,紫外照射30 min。
接种发酵:在洁净环境下配制2%植物乳杆菌发酵液(2×108 CFU/mL)。将紫甘薯和发酵液按1:8(g/g)的比例,放入37 ℃的培养箱中发酵24 h。
a.微波时间:将微波时间设置为10、15、20、25、30 min,其他条件同1.2.1中FPSF的制备工艺。
b.糖液浓度:将糖液浓度设置为20%、30%、40%、50%、60%,其他条件同1.2.1中FPSF的制备工艺。
c.浸糖时间:将浸糖时间设置为2、4、6、8、10 h,其他条件同1.2.1中FPSF的制备工艺。
d.烘干时间:将烘干时间设置为60、80、100、120、140 min,其他条件同1.2.1中FPSF的制备工艺。
在单因素实验的基础上,设计L9(34)四因素三水平的正交试验,因素水平见表1。
由20名(男女各10人,年龄在20~40岁间)经过感官评定培训的专业人员组成评定小组,评判标准见表2,所有测定实验重复三次取平均值[14]。
参照GB 5009.3-2016《食品中水分的测定》(直接干燥法)测定水分含量。参照GB 12456-2021《食品中总酸的测定》(第一法:酸碱指示剂滴定法)、NY/T 2742-2015 《水果及制品可溶性糖的测定3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法》测定样品总酸和可溶性糖含量。
样品放入小型遮光摄影棚内进行外观照片采集。全自动色差计校准后于室温下测定样品正反面的明度(L*)、红绿度(a*)、黄蓝度(b*),每组样品至少测定6次。
参照SHI等[15−16]的方法,略作修改后进行T2采集、反演及核磁成像。样品的测试条件:核磁共振扫描(NMR)分析,主频SF=20 MHz,偏移频率O1=614965.77 Hz,90°脉冲宽度P1=9.00 μs,180°脉冲宽度,P2=18.00 μs,PRG=3,回波时间TE=0.250 ms,采样点数TD=1024,采样频率SW=100.00 kHz,重复采样等待时间TW=1600.00 ms,回波个数NECH=6400,Peak Offset=0.000 ms,PhaseCount=1,RFD=0.080 ms,RG1=20.0 db,DRG1=3,DR=1,重复采样次数NS=24。每个处理测试3个重复。核磁成像使用纽迈成像测定程序,放入标准水膜校准后再放入样品,调整参数TR为500 ms,TE为20 ms,调整参数Slice Width为 5 mm,Slice gap为0.5 mm,点击Test RG使条带数刚好覆盖样品,调整参数optimize,选择test RG中峰顶点最高的相应条带,修改average为3,点击3-Scan,开始测试。使用纽迈核磁共振图像处理软件进行伪彩成像。
参考张莉会等[17]的方法,略作修改后进行实验。将紫甘薯组织浸泡于Faa植物专用固定液中24 h以上,取出后修剪平整,经脱水、石蜡包埋、切片、脱蜡至水等步骤后再经番红和固绿先后染色脱色、封片等系列处理后,进行白光平扫和图像采集。
使用质地多面剖析测试模式通过二次压缩法测定其质构,采用P/36R平底柱形探头,触发点负载5.0 g、测试速率0.50 mm/s,两次压缩间停顿5 s,受压形变35%。每组实验重复测定6次以上,去除异常数据后求平均值。
所有实验结果都重复三次以上,实验数据经 Microsoft Excel(office2019)处理后,用SPSS 22.0分析差异显著性,通过一元方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)进行多个组间平均数的比较,若组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),则采用Duncan检验进行组间多重比较。Origin 2021b作图,图像分析软件采用Caseviewer 2.0。
由图1可以看出,随着微波时间、糖液浓度、浸糖时间、烘干时间的增加,感官评分均呈现出先增加后减小的变化趋势。由图1a可知最适微波时间在20 min。微波时间过短,糖液未完全渗入,果脯饱满度不足、甜度过低;而微波时间过长,果脯颜色暗沉,质地软烂,容易出现返砂流糖,甚至焦糊化[18−19]。由图1b可知最适渗糖液浓度在30%,桑田[20]研究发现黑莓果脯微波渗糖时最佳糖液浓度也是30%。渗糖液浓度过低导致紫甘薯果脯渗糖不完全;而渗糖液浓度过大,甜味将掩盖紫甘薯原本风味,且导致整体感官滋味不协调,含糖量偏高还会出现返砂现象[11]。由图1c可知最适浸糖时间为8 h。渗糖时间不足时,果脯干瘪不够饱满,风味差,难以保藏;常温浸糖时间过长,会导致果脯过度软烂甜腻,失去紫甘薯原有的风味[21]。图1d可看出,最适烘干时间为120 min。烘干时果脯内部的水分朝表面逐渐移动扩散,烘干时间过短,果脯水分含量过高,嚼劲不够;烘干时间过长,紫甘薯果脯表层已经硬化,色泽暗淡、口感差[8]。
由表3知影响FPSF(植物乳杆菌发酵紫甘薯果脯)感官评分因素重要性顺序为:A(微波时间)>B(糖液浓度)>C(常温浸糖时间)>D(烘干时间)。直观分析可知,FPSF的最佳因素水平组合为:A3B3C2D3,即微波时间为25 min、糖液浓度为40%、常温浸糖时间为8 h、烘干时间为140 min。而在9个实际处理中,因素水平组合A3B3C2D1所得紫甘薯果脯感官评分84.83±0.24分为最高,但极差分析得到的最佳因素水平组合并未在所实施的9个正交试验中。为考虑优化条件的再现性,对所得最佳因素水平组合进行三次重复验证实验,此配方下制得的产品的综合评分结果为87.00±0.50分,获得的FPSF色泽鲜艳、外观完整、风味协调、酸甜适中、质地均匀。
由表4可看出,A(微波时间)、B(糖液浓度)、C(常温浸糖时间)和D(烘干时间)的显著性P<0.05,说明四因素对实验结果均有显著影响。其中A和B的显著性P<0.01,说明因素的变化对实验结果影响极显著,因此在四个因素中,微波时间和糖液浓度为最主要的影响因素。最终确定正交试验优化得到FPSF最优配方组合为:A3B3C2D3,即微波时间25 min、糖液浓度40%、常温浸糖时间8 h、烘干时间140 min。
由图2a可知,UPSF和FPSF的水分含量显著低于PSP(P<0.05)。FPSF的水分含量和UPSF同样存在显著性差异(P<0.05),相较于UPSF,FPSF水分含量由27.80 g/100 g提高到30.19 g/100 g,提升了8.60%,FPSF的持水性更强。图2b中,总酸含量:PSP<UPSF<FPSF。由于植物乳杆菌发酵后产生了大量乳酸等有机酸[22],使得FPSF总酸含量较UPSF由1.19 mg/g提高至2.53 mg/g,提升了1.13倍,其具有明显的乳酸风味。由于水分损失造成的浓缩效应,FPSF和UPSF可溶性糖含量显著高于PSP(P<0.05),而FPSF和UPSF可溶性糖含量虽存在显著差异(P<0.05)但差距较小。有文献报道了类似结果,发酵初期,乳酸菌在自身酶系作用下将多糖降解,造成发酵液中还原糖含量的小幅上升,随后由于乳酸菌活动增强,乳酸菌利用还原糖进行生长代谢消耗碳源后生成乳酸及其他代谢产物,导致还原糖持续减少,最终趋于平衡[23]。
由图3a可知,FPSF较UPSF颜色更加鲜红明亮,外观更加饱满。图3b中FPSF亮度(L*=28.27±1.74)、红绿度(a*=20.44±0.95)、黄蓝度(b*=2.86±0.21)均显著高于UPSF(L*=20.89±0.53、a*=6.19±0.83、b*=−2.73±0.35),色泽明亮且整体颜色明显偏向于红色和黄色等颜色饱和度高的暖色调。FPSF在加工过程中,其所含的花色苷会随着温度和pH的提高,发生降解及结构转化,导致颜色产生变化[24]。一方面,高温会加速酶促褐变反应和色素热降解作用,导致果脯色泽劣化;另一方面,温度通过改变发酵过程中微生物菌群结构,间接影响FPSF色泽[25]。植物乳杆菌发酵产生有机酸等代谢产物,这些酸类物质改变了紫甘薯果脯生产环境的pH,在溶液介质中,花色苷随pH的变化而发生结构上的转换,导致果脯的色泽发生改变[26]。植物乳杆菌发酵液使FPSF处于酸性条件下,紫甘薯所含的花色苷在偏酸性介质中主要以红色的黄烊盐阳离子形式存在,颜色由紫色变为红紫色[27−28]。
图4a中PSP横向弛豫时间T23(自由水)峰面积最大,占整体比例为69.98%,T22(不易流动水)峰面积比例其次,所占比例为29.67%,T21(结合水)峰面积最小,所占比例仅为0.35%。PSP因细胞结构完整未遭受任何破坏,自由水T23大量存在于细胞的液泡、原生质和细胞间隙中。UPSF和FPSF的T2明显缩短,出现了各峰向左移的现象,说明紫甘薯在加工过程中水分的流动性逐渐减弱[29]。当PSP经发酵、渗糖和烘干等制作步骤后,内部细胞间隙变小,自由水大量散失,组织细胞间的结合力变大,使不易流动水含量大幅上升[30−31]。在图4b中UPSF的T23峰面积最大(A总=2278.52),所占比例为87.55%;FPSF的T22峰面积最大(A总=5635.49),所占比例高达91.17%;这说明FPSF水分流动性差,细胞完整程度和持水性能更好。图4c中深蓝色的信号代表低水分信号,深红色的信号代表高水分信号[32]。PSP红色信号致密分散,说明水分分布均匀;UPSF红色信号广泛大量分布,呈中心聚集状,说明表面水分高且多聚集分布;而FPSF红色信号从中间逐渐向边缘分布,说明水分由内向外流失,且表面水分呈部分聚集。水分分布情况通常与组织结构相关,组织结构越完整对水分的束缚能力越强[33],表面水分较少无法自由聚集,由此可推断组织结构完整程度排序依次为:PSP>FPSF>UPSF。
图5a可以清晰观测到PSP(未发酵)具有完整的细胞组织形态,细胞膜和细胞壁完整无缺,且呈明显紧密蜂窝状排列。图5b中UPSF(渗糖后)因微波浸糖使组织细胞内部水分汽化、迁移,形成了无数微孔道,导致细胞壁结构破损严重,造成细胞内溶质大量流出,间隙变大,排列分散疏松,已无明显的排列状态[34]。图5c中UPSF(烘干后)则可更加明显观测到水分流失后细胞壁破裂和糖液渗入的情况。而图5d中FPSF(发酵后)组织结构保存完整,部分细胞质流出,保持蜂窝状排列。图5e中FPSF(渗糖后)细胞壁组织结构依然完整,细胞质流出后,糖液渗入。图5f中FPSF(烘干后)细胞质流出,细胞壁依然完整,与发酵后的组织结构保持一致。上述结果可看出烘干后FPSF较UPSF组织结构更加完整和紧密。这可能是由于发酵过程中产生的代谢产物改变了细胞内的成分和结构,使之发生了有利于保持细胞形态的改变,或代谢产物与细胞壁成分发生反应,形成一些新的复合物,增强了细胞壁的强度和稳定性[35]。
由表5可知,FPSF的硬度、回复性、内聚力、咀嚼性数值较于UPSF均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),而两者间粘力和弹性值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。现有研究多从不同的渗糖方式对果脯的质构影响进行研究,如胡翔等[36]对比常压、超声、微波、真空渗糖方式,发现微波渗糖制得的蓝莓果脯的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性均高于其他三种渗糖方式制得的蓝莓果脯(P<0.05),关于发酵对紫甘薯果脯质构影响的研究鲜有报道。从本实验数据来看,经植物乳杆菌发酵后,硬度、咀嚼性数值均提升了一倍左右,发酵后的果脯组织形态更加完整、致密、有嚼劲。
由图6可以看出,FPSF的色泽、外观、风味、组织形态四项指标评分均高于UPSF。FPSF的色泽评分较UPSF提升约50%,色泽更加鲜红明艳呈现诱人的红宝石色。FPSF饱满完整,平滑、无断裂,其外观评分较UPSF有所提升。在经发酵后产生大量的乳酸使FPSF带有酸味,改善了UPSF的风味。有研究证明,发酵能减少醛类物质带来的不良风味,同时增加醇酯类等典型香气物质的含量,赋予特有的香气,改善风味[36]。UPSF口感软绵,没有嚼劲,而FPSF弹性、韧性适中,具有良好的咀嚼度。UPSF综合评分74.50±0.43分,FPSF的综合评分较其提升了约16.77%,达87.00±0.50分。
本研究利用植物乳杆菌发酵解决了传统紫甘薯果脯色泽黯淡,风味、口感单一等缺陷,经单因素实验及正交试验确定FPSF的最佳制作工艺:紫甘薯护色硬化灭菌后,接入2%植物乳杆菌发酵24 h后,按1:8(g/g)料液比用40%糖液浓度进行微波渗糖,微波功率560 W、微波时间25 min,以40%糖液浓度常温浸糖8 h后60 ℃烘干140 min。FPSF色泽鲜艳呈偏红紫色,别具乳酸风味,口感爽脆且具有韧性。与UPSF相比,感官综合评分提升了约16.77%,硬度、咀嚼性均提升了一倍左右,水分流动性降低,且细胞完整程度和持水性能更好。
目前,已有的发酵果脯研究成果多集中在功能和风味上,本研究发现植物乳杆菌发酵对紫甘薯果脯的色泽及组织结构具有显著影响,烘干后FPSF较UPSF组织结构更加完整和紧密,其作用机理仍待进一步分析挖掘。研究结果为后续开发安全健康且风味多元的新型果脯产品及果蔬组织结构的改性提供研究方向和参考依据。

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2026年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120314
  • 接收时间:2024-12-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-26
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    1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064
    2武汉设计工程学院食品与生物科技学院,湖北武汉 430205

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梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工与副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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