Article(id=1320882186471977090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060182, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750003200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852454059, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852454059, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852454059, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852454059, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=398, endPage=407, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882187424084099, articleId=1320882186471977090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Synergistic Hypoglycemic Effect and Mechanism of Wheat Peptides and Mulberry Leaf Extract, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study investigated the hypoglycemic activity and mechanism of a combination comprising wheat peptides and mulberry leaf extract. In alloxan-glucose co-induced hyperglycemic zebrafish models, the 1:2 (w/w) combination exhibited hypoglycemic effects. In high-fat diet-induced obese hyperglycemic mice, the combination significantly inhibited body weight gain and blood glucose level, improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and alleviated inflammatory responses. Mechanism studies revealed that the combination remodeled gut microbiota composition in obese hyperglycemic mice, decreasing the relative abundance of pathogenic Ileibacterium while increasing probiotics such as Faecalibaculum and Dubosiella. Non-targeted serum metabolomics identified 8 different metabolites, including LysoPC(14:0/0:0), Prostaglandin F2α, and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate, etc. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant relationships between the relative abundance of gut microbiota (Ileibacterium, Faecalibaculum, Dubosiella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002) and alterations in these metabolites. Collectively, the wheat peptides and mulberry leaf extract combination potentially exerts hypoglycemic effects through multi-target regulation of glucose-lipid metabolism and inflammation via gut microbiota and serum metabolites, providing new insights for functional food development.

, authors=Sinian LIU1, Yishan SONG1, Zhongyan BAO2, Nanhai XIAO3, Fengqin FENG3, Xi ZHANG1, 4, *, authorsList=Sinian LIU, Yishan SONG, Zhongyan BAO, Nanhai XIAO, Fengqin FENG, Xi ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xi ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882189709979798, articleId=1320882186471977090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=小麦肽复配桑叶提取物协同降血糖作用及机制, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探讨小麦肽和桑叶提取物的组合物降血糖活性及其作用机制。在四氧嘧啶与葡萄糖联合诱导的高血糖斑马鱼模型中,小麦肽与桑叶提取物以1:2(w/w)复配具有协同降血糖作用。在高脂饮食诱导的肥胖高血糖小鼠模型中,该复配物可显著抑制小鼠的体重增长和血糖升高,改善葡萄糖代谢和胰岛素敏感性,并减轻炎症反应。深入研究表明,该复配物能重塑肥胖高血糖模型小鼠的肠道菌群结构,降低致病菌Ileibacterium的相对丰度,并增加益生菌Faecalibaculum、Dubosiella等的相对丰度。血清非靶代谢组学分析发现,该复配物对肥胖高血糖小鼠的干预作用与LysoPC(14:0/0:0)、Prostaglandin F2α和5-Hydroxyindoleacetate等8种差异代谢物有关。通过肠道菌群与代谢组学的相关性分析,发现肠道菌群Ileibacterium、Faecalibaculum、Dubosiella、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1、Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002的相对丰度与差异代谢物的变化密切相关。综上,小麦肽复配桑叶提取物可能通过肠道菌群和血清代谢物多靶点调控糖脂代谢和炎症,发挥降血糖作用,为功能性食品开发提供新思路。

, authors=刘思念1, 宋宜珊1, 鲍忠燕2, 肖南海3, 冯凤琴3, 张希1, 4, *, authorsList=刘思念, 宋宜珊, 鲍忠燕, 肖南海, 冯凤琴, 张希, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张希, authorNote=

刘思念(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源产品开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张希(1982−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:功能食品研发,E-mail:。
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Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2024, 134(21): e180157., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882189974220951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882189982609560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, companyId=1320882189974220951, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882189990998169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, companyId=1320882189974220951, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1云南中医药大学中药学院,云南昆明 650500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882190062301338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882190070689947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, companyId=1320882190062301338, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Hangzhou Kangyuan Food Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882190079078556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, companyId=1320882190062301338, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2杭州康源食品科技有限公司,浙江杭州 310003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882191727440029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882191735828638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, companyId=1320882191727440029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882191748411551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, companyId=1320882191727440029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州 310058)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882191832297632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882191844880545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, companyId=1320882191832297632, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education on Substance Benchmark Research of Ethnic Medicines, Kunming 650500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882191853269154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, companyId=1320882191832297632, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4云南省教育厅民族药物质基准研究重点实验室,云南昆明 650500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882194336297164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of WPR and MA on zebrafish survival rate (A) and blood glucose levels under different compound ratios (B), figureFileSmall=NaN076pwIdyYbRpu6/ABTg==, figureFileBig=EsSlsqg9M3qsMbw9Lg6PAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882194407600333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=CN, label=图1, caption=WPR和MA对斑马鱼存活率的影响(A)和不同复配比例对斑马鱼葡萄糖值的影响(B)

注:NC指正常组;MOD指造模组。*表示与NCD相比具有统计学差异;#表示与MOD相比具有统计学差异;△表示与WPR和MA相比具有统计学差异;*和#表示P<0.05;**和##表示P<0.01;***和###表示P<0.001;△表示P<0.05(与MA相比)和P<0.001(与WPR相比);图2~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=NaN076pwIdyYbRpu6/ABTg==, figureFileBig=EsSlsqg9M3qsMbw9Lg6PAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882196458614990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of WM on the body weight and blood glucose level of mice (n=8), figureFileSmall=FX5Sz3AvvvRCdiZtbZ2W5g==, figureFileBig=4AxClNxshK2R7ZHm8Z+oCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882196559278287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=CN, label=图2, caption=WM对小鼠体重和血糖水平的影响(n=8)

注:A.小鼠体重变化;B.第8周随机血糖值;C.第14周随机血糖值。

, figureFileSmall=FX5Sz3AvvvRCdiZtbZ2W5g==, figureFileBig=4AxClNxshK2R7ZHm8Z+oCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882196928377041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of WM on glucose metabolism in obese hyperglycemic mice (n=8), figureFileSmall=vy24vYfBNwNcgOKtiylWNA==, figureFileBig=VlfzqFrpdDKBZjeZdY+VXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882197012263122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=CN, label=图3, caption=WM对肥胖高血糖小鼠糖代谢影响(n=8)

注:A~B分别为小鼠葡萄糖耐量及其曲线面积;C~E分别为血清中胰岛素、血糖和胰岛素抵抗指数。

, figureFileSmall=vy24vYfBNwNcgOKtiylWNA==, figureFileBig=VlfzqFrpdDKBZjeZdY+VXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882197347807443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of WM on lipid metabolism in obese hyperglycemic mice (n=8), figureFileSmall=gE83JdxZXsryTi2hPCMhUA==, figureFileBig=DqXAU1t+nj8nQNWY+DAqwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882197427499220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=CN, label=图4, caption=WM对肥胖高血糖小鼠脂代谢的影响(n=8), figureFileSmall=gE83JdxZXsryTi2hPCMhUA==, figureFileBig=DqXAU1t+nj8nQNWY+DAqwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882197716906197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of WM on the level of inflammation in serum of obese hyperglycemia mice (n=8), figureFileSmall=nfg3P79El2iwZWKDnHZMRQ==, figureFileBig=4JR5AZ1TuIZNQfba1SqzGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882197821763798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=CN, label=图5, caption=WM对肥胖高血糖小鼠血清中炎症水平的影响(n=8), figureFileSmall=nfg3P79El2iwZWKDnHZMRQ==, figureFileBig=4JR5AZ1TuIZNQfba1SqzGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882197888872663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of WM on gut microbiota diversity in mice (n=5), figureFileSmall=y9ZNj7Yf32Tr5nKciI+I/w==, figureFileBig=t5YG0Xw8sR7t9q8QBDhAGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882197976953048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=CN, label=图6, caption=WM对小鼠肠道菌群多样性的影响(n=5)

注:A~D. α-多样性;E. β-多样性。

, figureFileSmall=y9ZNj7Yf32Tr5nKciI+I/w==, figureFileBig=t5YG0Xw8sR7t9q8QBDhAGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882198186668249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of WM on the gut microbiota of mice at the phylum level and genus level (n=5), figureFileSmall=yNtKdQWqzhirczsMImakOg==, figureFileBig=Ge/QAgDuQeo2XdXvZAlQEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882198278942938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=CN, label=图7, caption=WM对小鼠肠道菌群中门水平和属水平影响(n=5)

注:A、B:门水平相对丰度分析; C、D:属水平柱相对丰度分析;E:血清指标与肠道微生物群的相关性分析。

, figureFileSmall=yNtKdQWqzhirczsMImakOg==, figureFileBig=Ge/QAgDuQeo2XdXvZAlQEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882198350246107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of WM on the differential metabolites in the serum of mice (n=5), figureFileSmall=OsYTifWxl2SH5GyAtt3vdQ==, figureFileBig=fmC8zdEehBGDgHi33MQnQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882198417354972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=CN, label=图8, caption=WM对小鼠血清差异代谢物影响(n=5)

注:A、B.阳离子和阴离子模式下PCA分数图;C.阴阳离子下OPLS-DA;D、E.火山图;F. Venn图。

, figureFileSmall=OsYTifWxl2SH5GyAtt3vdQ==, figureFileBig=fmC8zdEehBGDgHi33MQnQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882198492852445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effect of WM on the key differential metabolites in the serum of mice (n=5), figureFileSmall=WPYIxTM/ilsQ58L+Cg6O5A==, figureFileBig=sxVn4rpVWsMbufApqbWkGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882198559961310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882186471977090, language=CN, label=图9, caption=WM对小鼠血清关键差异代谢物影响(n=5)

注:A.KEGG通路分析图;B.VIP图;C.肠道菌群和差异代谢物关联性分析图。

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小麦肽复配桑叶提取物协同降血糖作用及机制
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刘思念 1 , 宋宜珊 1 , 鲍忠燕 2 , 肖南海 3 , 冯凤琴 3 , 张希 1, 4, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(13): 398-407
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (13) : 398 -407
小麦肽复配桑叶提取物协同降血糖作用及机制
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刘思念1 , 宋宜珊1, 鲍忠燕2, 肖南海3, 冯凤琴3, 张希1, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1云南中医药大学中药学院,云南昆明 650500
  • 2杭州康源食品科技有限公司,浙江杭州 310003
  • 3浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州 310058
  • 4云南省教育厅民族药物质基准研究重点实验室,云南昆明 650500
通讯作者:
张希(1982−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:功能食品研发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘思念(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源产品开发,E-mail:

Synergistic Hypoglycemic Effect and Mechanism of Wheat Peptides and Mulberry Leaf Extract
Sinian LIU1 , Yishan SONG1, Zhongyan BAO2, Nanhai XIAO3, Fengqin FENG3, Xi ZHANG1, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
  • 2Hangzhou Kangyuan Food Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310003, China
  • 3College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education on Substance Benchmark Research of Ethnic Medicines, Kunming 650500, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060182
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本研究旨在探讨小麦肽和桑叶提取物的组合物降血糖活性及其作用机制。在四氧嘧啶与葡萄糖联合诱导的高血糖斑马鱼模型中,小麦肽与桑叶提取物以1:2(w/w)复配具有协同降血糖作用。在高脂饮食诱导的肥胖高血糖小鼠模型中,该复配物可显著抑制小鼠的体重增长和血糖升高,改善葡萄糖代谢和胰岛素敏感性,并减轻炎症反应。深入研究表明,该复配物能重塑肥胖高血糖模型小鼠的肠道菌群结构,降低致病菌Ileibacterium的相对丰度,并增加益生菌Faecalibaculum、Dubosiella等的相对丰度。血清非靶代谢组学分析发现,该复配物对肥胖高血糖小鼠的干预作用与LysoPC(14:0/0:0)、Prostaglandin F2α和5-Hydroxyindoleacetate等8种差异代谢物有关。通过肠道菌群与代谢组学的相关性分析,发现肠道菌群Ileibacterium、Faecalibaculum、Dubosiella、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1、Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002的相对丰度与差异代谢物的变化密切相关。综上,小麦肽复配桑叶提取物可能通过肠道菌群和血清代谢物多靶点调控糖脂代谢和炎症,发挥降血糖作用,为功能性食品开发提供新思路。

小麦肽  /  桑叶提取物  /  血糖  /  肠道菌群  /  代谢组学

The study investigated the hypoglycemic activity and mechanism of a combination comprising wheat peptides and mulberry leaf extract. In alloxan-glucose co-induced hyperglycemic zebrafish models, the 1:2 (w/w) combination exhibited hypoglycemic effects. In high-fat diet-induced obese hyperglycemic mice, the combination significantly inhibited body weight gain and blood glucose level, improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and alleviated inflammatory responses. Mechanism studies revealed that the combination remodeled gut microbiota composition in obese hyperglycemic mice, decreasing the relative abundance of pathogenic Ileibacterium while increasing probiotics such as Faecalibaculum and Dubosiella. Non-targeted serum metabolomics identified 8 different metabolites, including LysoPC(14:0/0:0), Prostaglandin F2α, and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate, etc. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant relationships between the relative abundance of gut microbiota (Ileibacterium, Faecalibaculum, Dubosiella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002) and alterations in these metabolites. Collectively, the wheat peptides and mulberry leaf extract combination potentially exerts hypoglycemic effects through multi-target regulation of glucose-lipid metabolism and inflammation via gut microbiota and serum metabolites, providing new insights for functional food development.

wheat peptides  /  mulberry leaf extract  /  blood glucose  /  gut microbiota  /  metabolomics
刘思念, 宋宜珊, 鲍忠燕, 肖南海, 冯凤琴, 张希. 小麦肽复配桑叶提取物协同降血糖作用及机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 398 -407 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060182
Sinian LIU, Yishan SONG, Zhongyan BAO, Nanhai XIAO, Fengqin FENG, Xi ZHANG. Synergistic Hypoglycemic Effect and Mechanism of Wheat Peptides and Mulberry Leaf Extract[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 398 -407 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060182
能量摄入与消耗失衡引发的肥胖,已演变为全球性公共卫生危机,到2035年全球半数人口将面临超重或肥胖问题[1]。肥胖引发慢性低度炎症[2]、糖脂代谢紊乱[3]并破坏胰岛素信号通路[4],进而诱发胰岛素抵抗,导致血糖持续升高,这种血糖异常虽未达到2型糖尿病的诊断阈值,但已偏离正常范围,成为衔接非糖尿病与糖尿病的关键过渡阶段。Nakajima等[5]对5325名20~75岁非糖尿病肥胖个体开展的8年纵向回顾性研究证实,约半数受试者糖化血红蛋白水平升高,直观反映出肥胖患者长期血糖异常趋势。目前GLP-1受体激动剂、SGLT-2抑制剂及二甲双胍等药物仍是肥胖型高血糖治疗的主流。临床研究表明,这些药物在应用过程中存在一定局限性,长期服用可能导致呕吐、胃肠道不适、药物依赖性和血糖反弹等不良反应。因此,寻找一种安全的减肥降血糖方法十分必要。
小麦蛋白质是人类膳食中的重要蛋白来源,其氨基酸组成符合健康需求。小麦肽中谷氨酰胺(Gln)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量最为丰富。Gln作为血液循环中最丰富的非必要氨基酸参与血糖的调控,动物实验发现补充Gln能降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖、血脂等生化指标[6],进一步的临床实验也证实口服Gln可通过提升胰高糖素样肽-1水平,改善早期2型糖尿病患者餐后血糖状况及胰岛功能[7];而小麦肽中处于氨基末端第二位的Pro,可作为二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ的作用底物,通过竞争性抑制机制减少胰高血糖素样肽-1的分解[8]。
桑叶作为药食两用的传统中药始载于《神农本草经》,参与疾病的防御与治疗已有2000多年的历史。古代医典对其血糖调节功效早有记载,如《本草纲目》明确指出桑叶“乃手足阳明之药,汁煎代茗,能止消渴”。现代研究发现,黄酮、1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)、多糖、多酚是桑叶的主要活性成分。其中,DNJ作为桑叶中最具特征的生物碱,主要通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶阻止糖类的水解;在肝脏代谢层面,DNJ能够激活PI-3K/Akt信号通路来调节葡萄糖代谢[9]。桑叶中黄酮则通过激活TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路来改善胰岛素抵抗,降低肝脏炎症损伤[10]。此外,在降低体重,调节脂质代谢方面桑叶中的多糖和多酚则发挥至关重要的重用[11]。
尽管小麦肽和桑叶提取物均具有降血糖效果,理论上具备联合用药的依据,但两者之间配伍关系和剂量与降血糖关系尚未见报道。在营养与健康领域,成分间的比例往往对最终效果产生关键影响,例如:益生元粉与小麦肽粉按质量比1:2复配时,缓解小鼠便秘的效果最佳[12];荞麦粉、燕麦粉、豌豆粉按照质量比为6:1:1的混合,可显著改善大鼠血糖代谢[13]。因此,本研究首次将小麦肽和桑叶提取物进行复配,通过斑马鱼模型筛选小麦肽和桑叶提取物协同降血糖最佳配比,并通过小鼠实验验证其降血糖作用,为开发新型天然降血糖复方制剂提供理论依据与数据支撑。
AB品系斑马鱼 浙江大学斑马鱼中心提供,动物使用许可证号:SYXK(浙)2012-0173;SPF级雄性C57BL/6小鼠(20~24 g) 购于杭州医学院,生产许可证号:SCXK(浙)2019-0042,伦理申请编号为MG20230531082;小麦肽(肽含量30%) 杭州康源食品科技有限公司;桑叶提取物(1%DNJ和20%黄酮) 赣州华汉生物科技有限公司提供;45%的纯化高脂饲料(MD12032) 江苏美迪森生物有限公司提供;普通饲料 深圳茂华生物科技有限公司提供;四氧嘧啶、盐酸二甲双胍 上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司;葡萄糖 安徽红星药业有限公司;甘油三酯试剂盒、总胆固醇试剂盒、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇试剂盒、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇试剂盒 南京建成生物科技有限公司;肿瘤坏死因子试剂盒、白细胞介素- 6试剂盒、单核细胞趋化蛋白- 1试剂盒、胰岛素试剂盒 武汉基因美生物科技有限公司;QI-Aamp® PowerFecal® Pro DNA Kit 德国QIAGEN 公司;VAHTST TM DNA Clean Beads 中国南京Vazyme公司;Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA检测试剂盒 美国Invitrogen公司。
ACCU-CHEK血糖试纸和血糖仪 Roche公司;BSA224S电子天平 北京赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司;H1850R高速冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;Infinite M200 Pro酶标仪 TECAN集团公司;UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X超高效液相色谱串联傅里叶变换质谱 美国赛默飞公司。
将4日龄斑马鱼随机分配至6孔板(30尾/孔)[14]。以500 μmol/L四氧嘧啶联合4%葡萄糖溶液处理24 h建立斑马鱼的高血糖模型;葡萄糖测定流程如下:取斑马鱼(10尾/管)置于离心管,吸净水后加入0.1 mL无水乙醇,阴凉静置15 min后移入60 ℃烘箱烘干120 min,加入0.005 mL超纯水,取0.002 mL测定葡萄糖含量。
为探究小麦肽和桑叶提取物的降血糖作用,设置小麦肽和桑叶提取物5、20、100、600 μg/mL,分别加入到4日龄斑马鱼溶液中处理24 h后统计存活率。在此基础上,以小麦肽(5 μg/mL)与桑叶提取物(20 μg/mL)最大耐受浓度及其区间浓度为基准,将小麦肽和桑叶提取物按照1:1(5:5 μg/mL)、1:2(5:10 μg/mL)、1:3(5:15 μg/mL)、1:4(5:20 μg/mL)的比例进行复配。将4日龄斑马鱼置于含500 μmol/L四氧嘧啶和4%葡萄糖的溶液中,同时加入上述复配物,处理24 h,按上述葡萄糖测定流程检测血糖含量,以评估降糖效果。每组进行3次重复实验。
24只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠均饲养于浙江工业大学动物实验中心,环境温度控制在23±1 ℃,相对湿度45%~50%,采用12 h昼夜交替光照循环,适应性饲喂1周。小鼠随机分成3组,每组8只:普通饲料组(NCD组)、45%kcal高脂饲料组(HFD组)、45%kcal高脂饲料加给药小麦肽167 mg/kg和桑叶提取物333 mg/kg[15]混合溶液组(WM组),分别相当于人体剂量的1 g和2 g。8周后检测小鼠的随机血糖水平。随后连续8周进行灌胃给药,NCD组和HFD组则灌胃无菌水。取样前3 d,拾取小鼠粪便至无酶离心管(2~3颗/管)。取样本前禁食16 h,小鼠完全麻醉后,通过眼眶取血的方法采集血液,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠。血液样本常温静置2 h后,在4 ℃下以2500 r/min离心20 min获得血清样本。
口服葡萄糖耐受试验在饲养最后1 d进行,小鼠禁食16 h,按照2 g/kg的剂量给小鼠灌胃20%(w/v)葡萄糖溶液,并记录灌胃时间。在0、30、60、120 min,四个时间点取小鼠尾部静脉血,用血糖仪测定血糖值,作血糖值-时间曲线,并计算各实验组曲线下面积(AUC)。
对血清中的血糖(FBC)、胰岛素(INS)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、脂多糖(LPS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1),参照各指标对应试剂盒说明书进行测定。胰岛素抵抗指数计算公式如下:
$ \text{胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)}=\frac{\text{空腹血糖×空腹胰岛素}}{22.5} $
使用QIAamp® PowerFecal® Pro DNA Kit对粪便进行DNA的提取。用引物338F和806R,扩增细菌16S DNA的V3~V4区域。随后,使用VAHTST TM DNA Clean Beads纯化扩增产物,并通过Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA检测试剂盒定量。最后,混合等量的扩增子,在Illlumina MiSeq平台上进行双端2×250 bp测序。提交原始数据至NCBI SRA数据库。使用Fastp软件(v0.19.6)进行质控和LASH(v1.2.7)进行序列拼接。获得最终的ASV,并进行菌群多样性分析、差异分析及功能预测等。
血清样品和甲醇按照1:3的比例混合后在4 ℃,1500 r/min下离心去上清。采用超高效液相色谱串联傅里叶变换质谱对样本进行LC-MS分析。数据过滤每组内大于20%的缺失值,对缺失值采用极小值的方法进行填充,并将每个代谢组学特征归一化为总和。同时保留相对标准偏差(RSD)≤30%的QC样品变量,采用log10取值方法数据转换矫正数据的异方差性。
用GraphPad Prism 10.1.2进行统计分析,数据用mean±SEM(平均值±标准误差)表示。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析并用Tukey检验。P<0.05代表统计学差异显著。采用mothur8软件计算Alpha多样性。使用SIMCA 14.1软件进行主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)。采用GraphPad Prism进行Spearman相关性分析,评估血清指标与肠道微生物群之间的相关性。差异代谢物通过微生信在线平台进行可视化绘图。
随着小麦肽(WPR)与桑叶提取物(MA)处理浓度的增加,高血糖状态下斑马鱼存活率呈现明显的下降趋势,见图1A,实验结果表明高血糖模型的斑马鱼对WPR最大耐受度为5 μg/mL,对MA的最大耐受度为20 μg/mL。
为了确定WPR和MA最佳复配比例,评估WPR浓度为5 μg/mL,MA浓度为20 μg/mL以及WPR和MA在此区间不同比例复配对斑马鱼的降血糖效果。由图1B可得,小麦肽和桑叶提取物均能显著降低斑马鱼血糖水平(P<0.001)。复配物的降糖效果呈现出配比差异。其中WPR:MA=1:2组(1.767±0.033 mmol/L)的降糖效果最佳,较MOD组(3.867±0.120 mmol/L),血糖降低2.100 mmol/L;较WPR组(2.533±0.088 mmol/L)和MA组(2.300±0.057 mmol/L)血糖分别降低0.766和0.533 mmol/L(P<0.001和P<0.05)。
然而,与WPR组和MA组相比,WPR:MA比例为1:1、1:3和1:4时,降糖效果均未达到统计学差异;而比例为1:2时则具有显著差异。可见,WPR和MA的药物活性成分需在特定比例下才能发挥协同增效作用。基于上述实验结果,本研究选择WPR:MA=1:2开展后续小鼠实验,以进一步验证其降糖作用。
体重增长导致血糖升高是肥胖型高血糖小鼠最直接的特点。由图2可知,初始分组时小鼠体重没有显著差异,所有组小鼠体重随着时间的推移呈现上升趋势。实验8周后,饲喂高脂饲料与正常组相比,HFD组和WM组小鼠体重和血糖显著升高(P<0.001),说明肥胖高血糖小鼠模型诱导成功。给药干预6周后,与HFD组相比,WM组小鼠的体重和血糖显著性降低(P<0.05)。这说明,经WM干预后,对高脂诱导小鼠的体重增加和血糖上升具有抑制作用。
葡萄糖耐量降低、空腹血糖和胰岛素抵抗指数升高是高血糖小鼠糖代谢异常的典型特征。由图3可知,灌胃葡萄糖后,所有组小鼠血糖均在30 min内迅速上升至峰值,并于120 min内逐渐恢复,且HFD 组在各时间点血糖水平均显著高于NCD组(P<0.01),提示HFD组小鼠存在糖代谢异常。给药干预后,WM组葡萄糖耐量在30 min和60 min血糖水平较 HFD 组显著降低(P<0.01和P<0.05)。通过计算AUC量化整体糖代谢水平发现,WM组的AUC值较HFD组显著降低(P<0.001)。表明WM干预可有效改善高脂饮食诱导的葡萄糖耐量受损,显著提升机体对葡萄糖的代谢能力。
胰岛素抵抗作为糖代谢异常的核心病理机制,会削弱胰岛素对葡萄糖的转运和代谢调控能力,进而导致血糖稳态失衡。WM干预8周后,与HFD组相比,小鼠的血糖、胰岛素和HOMA-IR水平显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低25.2%、20.7%和41.5%。可见,WM可能通过改善胰岛素抵抗,增强机体对胰岛素的敏感性,从而发挥其调节糖代谢的作用。
脂代谢异常在高血糖的发展过程中起着关键的作用。高血糖发展过程中,脂代谢紊乱可能通过多种途径加重胰岛素抵抗,进而影响血糖的调节。如TC、TG和LDL-C水平的升高导致脂肪在组织中沉积,干扰胰岛素信号传导,使细胞对胰岛素的敏感性降低,血糖无法被有效摄取和利用,从而加重高血糖。与NCD组相比,HFD组的TC、TG和LDL-C水平显著升高(P<0.01),而HDL-C水平略有升高但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与HFD组相比,WM组逆转了肥胖高血糖小鼠这些水平的变化,见图4。因此推测,WM组调控脂质代谢水平,减轻了胰岛素抵抗,从而改善血糖代谢。
细胞因子介导的炎症反应在高血糖的病理进程中发挥核心作用,以炎症反应为靶点的干预可作为治疗胰岛素抵抗和高血糖的潜在机制[16]。通过检测LPS水平发现,HFD组小鼠LPS水平显著升高(P<0.001,图5A),说明高脂饮食可能通过破坏肠道屏障引起肠道和全身炎症[17]。促炎因子检测结果显示,与NCD组相比,HFD组小鼠血清中IL-6、MCP-1和TNF-α水平均显著升高(P<0.01),如图5B~图5D所示,系统性炎症反应被激活,而WM干预可显著逆转上述变化。已有研究证实肥胖和高血糖与NF-κB炎症途径的激活有关,通过上调TNF-α、IL-6、MCP-1从而加剧胰岛素抵抗[18−19]。因此推测WM可能通过下调促炎因子水平,从而改善胰岛素敏感性,进而发挥降血糖效果。
在肠道菌群中,α-多样性和β-多样性主要用于微生物群落丰富度、均匀度和差异性描述。由图6A~D可知,与NCD组相比,HFD组ACE、Chao和Sobs指数显著降低(P<0.01),Simpson指数显著升高(P<0.001)。表明HFD组小鼠肠道菌群的物种丰富度显著下降,物质多样性降低,群落结构发生了改变。WM干预后,上述指标均出现显著回调。此外,如图6E所示,各组样本在β-多样性呈现明显的聚类分离趋势,且组内样本重复性较好。WM干预后,菌群结构向NCD组趋近。可见,WM干预对高脂饮食导致的肠道菌群结构紊乱有改善作用,促使其向正常状态恢复。
通过门水平分析,共鉴定出7个相对丰度大于1%的细菌门,其中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)与拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)占比超过80%,构成肠道优势细菌门。厚壁菌门具有较强的能量摄取能力,能够促进能量累积,诱导肥胖[20]。而拟杆菌门可降解难以消化的碳水化合物,产生短链脂肪酸,进而参与血糖的调控[21]。目前的研究认为,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是影响肥胖和高血糖发展的特征菌[22],且拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门的比值与糖耐量的改变有关[23]。与HFD组相比,WM干预组厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);尽管拟杆菌门的相对丰度及拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门(B/F)比值未具有统计学意义,但在WM干预下均呈现升高趋势。可见,WM可能通过重塑肠道菌群结构,改善菌群失衡状态。
在属水平上,发现有18个细菌属的平均丰富度大于1%。为了明确WM的调控作用,筛选出丰富度显著变化的5个细菌属进行分析。如图7D所示,与HFD组相比,WM组显著降低了致病菌回肠杆菌属(Ileibacterium)的丰富度(P<0.001),并显著提高益生菌粪杆菌属(Faecalibaculum)、杜氏杆菌属(Dubosiella)、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1和Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002的丰富度(P<0.05)。回肠杆菌属在HFD组中显著富集(HFD:55.45%±4.54%,NCD:5.66%±1.85%,WM:0.14%±0.12%)。现有研究证实,高脂和高糖饮食可显著促进该菌属的增殖,其肠道丰富度较正常饮食组增加10倍[24]。此外Li等[25]研究发现回肠杆菌属与肥胖和炎症因子呈正相关。在本研究中,同样发现回肠杆菌属与血糖水平、炎症指标(TNF-α、IL-6、MCP-1)和血脂代谢(TC)水平呈正相关。粪杆菌属可通过刺激AMPK信号通路缓解葡萄糖、脂质代谢紊乱和炎症水平[26]。杜氏杆菌属与体重、炎症呈负相关[23−27]。益生菌Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1和Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002参与短链脂肪酸的产生[28−29],通过降解碳水化合物、调节免疫等方式,在缓解葡萄糖代谢紊乱方面发挥重要作用。在本研究中同样发现这两种菌属与炎症水平和总胆固醇的调节有关,进一步证实他们在代谢调节方面的重要性。可见WM干预能够促进有益菌的生成和抑制致病菌的增殖,进而改善小鼠的血糖水平。
通过PCA对血清代谢物数据进行统计分析(图8A、图8B),发现NCD组、HFD组和WM组的代谢物显著分离,且NCD组与WM组之间差异较小。随后,采用阴阳离子复合模式进行OPLS-DA模型验证(图8C),显示Q2截距小于0,未出现过拟合,证实了模型的可靠性。为进一步确认组间差异代谢物,以P<0.05和VIP>1为筛选条件进行每组代谢差异物分析(图8D~图8F)。结果显示, NCD 组与HFD 组、HFD 组与WM 组的差异代谢物分别为837种(545种上调,292种下调),462种(122种上调,340 种下调)。通过维恩图分析筛选出209种共有差异代谢物,这些代谢物在组间变化趋势一致,可能参与核心代谢调控通路。
对209种共有差异代谢物进行KEGG富集代谢通路分析(Bonferroni检验,图9A),共鉴定出4种显著受调控的代谢通路(P<0.05)。针对上述通路中的代谢物,结合WM干预后的代谢物表达显著变化(P<0.05),最终确定8种受WM显著调控的关键代谢物(图9B)。
血清代谢组反映宿主代谢稳态的重要指标,其中多种代谢物在维持机体正常生理功能及疾病发生发展中扮演关键角色。在甘油磷脂代谢途径中,PE(18:1(11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))(磷脂酰乙醇胺)和LysoPC(14:0/0:0)(溶血磷脂酰胆碱)具有重要生物学意义。PE作为细胞膜和线粒体膜的主要成分,其含量变化直接影响膜流动性和胰岛素信号传导。LysoPC是PC(磷脂酰胆碱)经磷脂酶A2水解产生的溶血磷脂衍生物,除参与调节细胞膜的流动性和稳定性外,还可通过与过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)特异性结合,从而发挥其降血糖功效。此外,在患有心血管疾病的糖尿病患者血清中这些脂质水平下调[30]。研究表明,高脂饮食可显著降低小鼠血清中PC和PE水平,而PC/PE比值的下降与葡萄糖代谢改善[31]、脂质沉积减少及炎症反应缓解密切相关[32]。此外,肥胖和糖尿病前期患者血液中LysoPC显著降低[33−34],外源性补充LysoPC可有效提升葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素敏感性[35]。
花生四烯酸作为体内广泛分布的多不饱和脂肪酸,在糖代谢过程中发挥抗炎、降低胰岛素抵抗等作用[36]。已有研究证实,糖尿病视网膜中前列腺素F2α水平较非糖尿病组显著降低[37]。糖尿病患者结肠组织中12 -羟基二十碳四烯酸(12-HETE)的浓度降低38%,外源性补充12-HETE通过激活PPARγ信号通路,调节白色脂肪组织炎症状态并改善葡萄糖利用[38]。19(S)-HETE作为血管保护、抗血小板活性的代谢物[39],可能通过改善血管及炎症作用间接调节血糖。尽管花生四烯酸代谢产物研究已取得进展,但12-KETE在降血糖方面的功能尚未见报道,其潜在的生物学机制仍有待深入探究。
色氨酸作为芳香族氨基酸,与高血糖的发展密切相关。本研究发现,WM可显著逆转5 -羟基吲哚乙酸(5-Hydroxyindoleacetate)和5-羟色胺(Serotonin)水平的异常变化。5-Hydroxyindoleacetate作为Serotonin的代谢产物,在2型糖尿病患者的血清中显著降低,可通过激活AhR/TSC2/mTORC1信号通路,缓解高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗和葡萄糖代谢紊乱[40]。研究证实,肥胖小鼠的血清中Serotonin水平显著低于体重正常的小鼠[41],腹腔注射Serotonin增加循环胆汁酸的浓度,加速脂质代谢[42],同时降低血浆中葡萄糖水平,提升INS和GLP-1水平[43]。通过Spearman相关性分析(图9C),发现WM组上调的8种差异代谢物(PE、LysoPC、12-HETE、Serotonin等)均与益生菌(粪杆菌属等)呈正相关,与致病菌(回肠杆菌属)呈负相关。可见在肥胖高血糖状态下,WM重塑的肠道菌群可能通过调节甘油磷脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢和色氨酸代谢等来改善糖脂代谢,降低炎症反应。
本研究证实,小麦肽与桑叶提取物复配物(WM=1:2,WM)通过多靶点协同机制改善肥胖相关高血糖。主要结论包括:a.WM显著改善糖脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素敏感性,同时降低系统性炎症水平。b.WM通过重塑肠道菌群生态,在门水平上降低了Firmicutes的相对丰度并提升了Bacteroidota的相对丰度;在属水平上,使致病菌Ileibacterium丰度降低99.7%,同时促进Faecalibaculum等益生菌增殖。c.WM通过调控血清代谢组,显著提高甘油磷脂代谢物、花生四烯酸代谢物和5-羟色胺代谢物的水平,进而改善炎症反应、减轻胰岛素抵抗并增强葡萄糖摄取。总的来说,小麦肽和桑叶提取物复配物通过重塑肠道菌群和血清代谢物,从肠道微生态调节、炎症抑制、脂质代谢优化等多维度协同作用,最终实现对血糖水平的有效调控。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060182
  • 接收时间:2025-06-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-16
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    1云南中医药大学中药学院,云南昆明 650500
    2杭州康源食品科技有限公司,浙江杭州 310003
    3浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州 310058
    4云南省教育厅民族药物质基准研究重点实验室,云南昆明 650500

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张希(1982−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:功能食品研发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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