Article(id=1320882100094489524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010058, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736352000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852433464, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852433464, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852433464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852433464, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=120, endPage=128, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882100316787637, articleId=1320882100094489524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Quality Improvement of Steamed Rice Bread by Regulating Starch Gel Network with Anthocyanin Extracts from Lycium ruthenicum Murr, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the effects of adding anthocyanins (0.45~2.70 g/100 g rice flour) extracted from Lycium ruthenicum Murr on the quality improvement of steamed rice bread were investigated through textural profile, gas cell distribution, and sensory evaluation. The mechanisms underlying the effects of anthocyanins on the starch gel network and fermentation of steamed rice bread were investigated based on rheology and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that the optimal amount of supplementary anthocyanin extract was 1.80 g/100 g rice flour, which gave rise to steamed rice bread with a hardness of 14.02 N, a specific volume of 1.78 mL/g, and a sensory evaluation score of 76.63. The red shift of the -OH stretching vibration peak in the FTIR spectrum indicated that anthocyanin extracts might bind to starch molecules through hydrogen bonds. The increase of R1052/1022 in the deconvolution curve suggested that the addition of anthocyanin extracts increased the short-range order of starch. The rheological results showed that anthocyanin extracts decreased the complex modulus (|G*|) of rice paste and promoted the expansion of gas cell chambers in the steamed rice bread. In addition, anthocyanins acted as an indicator for the fermentation process based on their pH-dependent color, giving a bright color and good appetite to the steamed rice bread. In conclusion, the addition of anthocyanin extracts from Lycium ruthenicum Murr could promote the gelation and fermentation of steamed rice bread by regulating the starch gel network, resulting in quality improvement.

, authors=Yu CHEN1, Yuli TANG1, Yanyu LIU1, Fangcheng JIANG1, 2, Wangyang SHEN1, Qingrong HUANG2, Weiping JIN1, *, authorsList=Yu CHEN, Yuli TANG, Yanyu LIU, Fangcheng JIANG, Wangyang SHEN, Qingrong HUANG, Weiping JIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weiping JIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882104175547336, articleId=1320882100094489524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=黑枸杞花色苷提取物调控淀粉凝胶网络提升米发糕品质的研究, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以质构特性、气孔分布和感官评价为指标,探究了黑枸杞花色苷提取物在0.45~2.70 g/100 g米粉添加量下对米发糕品质提升的影响规律,并通过流变学、红外光谱等分析手段,研究了花色苷对米发糕成型过程中淀粉凝胶网络和发酵膨胀过程的作用机制。结果表明,当花色苷提取物添加量为1.80 g/100 g米粉时,米发糕硬度为14.02 N,比容为1.78 mL/g,获得最高的感官评价得分76.63分。红外图谱中-OH伸缩振动峰的红移表明花色苷提取物可以通过氢键与淀粉分子结合,去卷积图谱中R1052/1022增大说明添加花色苷提取物明显增加了淀粉分子的短程有序度。流变学结果显示,花色苷提取物降低了米糊复合模量|G*|,促进发糕内部气室的膨胀;此外,花色苷通过颜色的pH响应性指示了米糊的发酵进程,赋予米发糕鲜亮色泽,提升食欲。综上,黑枸杞花色苷提取物的添加通过调控淀粉凝胶网络,有效地促进米糊凝胶化和发酵膨胀过程,提高了米发糕品质。

, authors=陈宇1, 唐余莉1, 刘晏妤1, 蒋方程1, 2, 沈汪洋1, 黄庆荣2, 金伟平1, *, authorsList=陈宇, 唐余莉, 刘晏妤, 蒋方程, 沈汪洋, 黄庆荣, 金伟平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=金伟平, authorNote=

陈宇(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0004−3035−9070),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物资源精深加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
金伟平(1988−)(ORCID:0000−0002−2184−1955),女,博士,教授,研究方向:粮油食品生物大分子,E-mail:。
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陈宇(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0004−3035−9070),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物资源精深加工,E-mail:

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陈宇(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0004−3035−9070),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物资源精深加工,E-mail:

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注:同一指标下不同字母代表存在显著性差异(P<0.05),图2、图3、图5、图9同。

, figureFileSmall=Dem2DmyjYmzdKrL9+TdFXg==, figureFileBig=UkpFFi/cSLwm9CBOqd35Bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882109326152704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different sugar addition on the textural profiles (a) and sensory scores (b) of steamed rice bread, figureFileSmall=EZfIdTrKrouvqxjv3eWbig==, figureFileBig=xAv9xlA9Fh0/FjwdQJ+vNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882109393260544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同加糖量对米发糕质构参数(a)和感官评分(b)的影响, figureFileSmall=EZfIdTrKrouvqxjv3eWbig==, figureFileBig=xAv9xlA9Fh0/FjwdQJ+vNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882109451980801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different anthocyanins extracts addition on the textural profiles (a) and sensory score (b) of steamed rice bread, figureFileSmall=NVOfbV8Cb06nVJw/0nV+SA==, figureFileBig=eCekb/jJjA1sNt6i8+XBTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882109523283970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同花色苷提取物添加量对米发糕质构参数(a)和感官评分(b)的影响, figureFileSmall=NVOfbV8Cb06nVJw/0nV+SA==, figureFileBig=eCekb/jJjA1sNt6i8+XBTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882109594587139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Morphology and gas cell distribution images of steamed rice bread with different anthocyanins extracts addition, figureFileSmall=Hv5NgQGU0IpKLW4BRZEBNQ==, figureFileBig=1H2JFT94qe2lr2cRp2e4tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882110840295428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同花色苷提取物添加量的米发糕形貌和气孔分布图, figureFileSmall=Hv5NgQGU0IpKLW4BRZEBNQ==, figureFileBig=1H2JFT94qe2lr2cRp2e4tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882110945153029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of anthocyanin extracts on the FT-IR spectra (a), and deconvoluted FT-IR data (b) of rice paste, figureFileSmall=FmDl4Bcbh/xKE7tLm5U2kA==, figureFileBig=/9FX+Af/BMIvMHNjK17VbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111058399238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=图5, caption=花色苷提取物对米糊FT-IR光谱(a)和去卷积图谱(b)的影响, figureFileSmall=FmDl4Bcbh/xKE7tLm5U2kA==, figureFileBig=/9FX+Af/BMIvMHNjK17VbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111129702407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Rheological properties of rice paste simulated in steaming process, figureFileSmall=flsfOMbPU9swIM6VbUe8IQ==, figureFileBig=3tt6Sp9XQMLmiJUCRBFqtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111226171400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=图6, caption=模拟蒸制过程中米糊的流变特性

注:(a)升温曲线,(b)米糊弹性模量G'、黏性模量G'',(c)复合模量|G*|。

, figureFileSmall=flsfOMbPU9swIM6VbUe8IQ==, figureFileBig=3tt6Sp9XQMLmiJUCRBFqtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111305863177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of anthocyanin extracts on FT-IR spectrum (a) and protein secondary structure content (b) of rice paste supernatant, figureFileSmall=qee15xCpoOQPuL+4ONP8IQ==, figureFileBig=DbBNbiDAcThIc6Z4iE9FvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111360389130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=图7, caption=花色苷提取物对米糊上清液FT-IR光谱(a)和蛋白质二级结构含量(b)的影响, figureFileSmall=qee15xCpoOQPuL+4ONP8IQ==, figureFileBig=DbBNbiDAcThIc6Z4iE9FvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111431692299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of anthocyanins extracts on the volume of three stages in the production of steamed rice bread, namely fermentation (Ⅰ), proofing (Ⅱ) and steaming (Ⅲ), figureFileSmall=xtw5pFBg/TrVCGh/ZnZmhw==, figureFileBig=WNxcygYqgc3VIHz/PtsZ2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111507189772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=图8, caption=花色苷提取物对米发糕制作过程中发酵(Ⅰ)、二次醒发(Ⅱ)和蒸制(Ⅲ)三阶段体积的影响, figureFileSmall=xtw5pFBg/TrVCGh/ZnZmhw==, figureFileBig=WNxcygYqgc3VIHz/PtsZ2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111565910029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Changes of various parameters during rice paste fermentation, figureFileSmall=a/VcfuT5uvPhuM2iLgGJQg==, figureFileBig=As5yWdgBF9d2eWr42AqPbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111637213198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=图9, caption=米糊发酵过程中各参数的变化

注:(a)pH,(b)米糊色差ΔE*,(c)色度值。

, figureFileSmall=a/VcfuT5uvPhuM2iLgGJQg==, figureFileBig=As5yWdgBF9d2eWr42AqPbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882111691739151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation and scoring standard of steamed rice bread

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评分标准评分
组织形态
(20分)
表面不粘,切面孔洞细密均匀,蓬松16~20
表面稍粘,断面孔洞基本均匀,较蓬松11~15
表面较粘,断面孔洞不均匀,不蓬松5~10
口感
(20分)
柔软有嚼劲,爽口不粘牙16~20
柔软较有嚼劲,稍粘牙11~15
质地偏硬,嚼劲很差,粘牙5~10
弹韧性
(20分)
用手指按压复原性好16~20
用手指按压有一定的复原性11~15
用手指按压复原性差5~10
色泽
(20分)
颜色均匀、有食欲16~20
颜色基本均匀,较有食欲11~15
颜色不均匀,食欲较差或无食欲5~10
滋味
(20分)
米香味、发酵气味适宜,米发糕甜淡适中16~20
米香味、发酵气味较浓或较淡,米发糕较甜或较淡11~15
米香味、发酵气味太浓或太淡,米发糕过甜或过淡5~10
), ArticleFig(id=1320882111763042320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

米发糕感官指标及评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评分标准评分
组织形态
(20分)
表面不粘,切面孔洞细密均匀,蓬松16~20
表面稍粘,断面孔洞基本均匀,较蓬松11~15
表面较粘,断面孔洞不均匀,不蓬松5~10
口感
(20分)
柔软有嚼劲,爽口不粘牙16~20
柔软较有嚼劲,稍粘牙11~15
质地偏硬,嚼劲很差,粘牙5~10
弹韧性
(20分)
用手指按压复原性好16~20
用手指按压有一定的复原性11~15
用手指按压复原性差5~10
色泽
(20分)
颜色均匀、有食欲16~20
颜色基本均匀,较有食欲11~15
颜色不均匀,食欲较差或无食欲5~10
滋味
(20分)
米香味、发酵气味适宜,米发糕甜淡适中16~20
米香味、发酵气味较浓或较淡,米发糕较甜或较淡11~15
米香味、发酵气味太浓或太淡,米发糕过甜或过淡5~10
), ArticleFig(id=1320882111825956881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different water addition on the gas cell distribution and specific volume of steamed rice bread

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加水量
(g/100 g米粉)
气孔数量
(个)
气孔面积
(%)
气孔直径
(mm)
气孔体积孔壁厚度
(mm)
比容
(mL/g)
861138±30.99b50.40±1.37a2.07±0.12b16.51±1.22b0.177±0.012b1.45±0.04b
881150±35.68b49.87±1.38a1.92±0.05b15.68±0.80b0.183±0.001b1.51±0.06ab
901244±8.080a49.40±0.35a1.84±0.13b13.09±1.12b0.184±0.002b1.56±0.02a
921137±24.17b49.30±0.95a2.12±0.35b13.59±2.69b0.181±0.006b1.51±0.01ab
94971.0±35.08c50.80±0.10a3.08±0.28a22.22±3.78a0.202±0.005a1.48±0.04b
), ArticleFig(id=1320882111914037266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同加水量对米发糕孔隙分布和比容的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加水量
(g/100 g米粉)
气孔数量
(个)
气孔面积
(%)
气孔直径
(mm)
气孔体积孔壁厚度
(mm)
比容
(mL/g)
861138±30.99b50.40±1.37a2.07±0.12b16.51±1.22b0.177±0.012b1.45±0.04b
881150±35.68b49.87±1.38a1.92±0.05b15.68±0.80b0.183±0.001b1.51±0.06ab
901244±8.080a49.40±0.35a1.84±0.13b13.09±1.12b0.184±0.002b1.56±0.02a
921137±24.17b49.30±0.95a2.12±0.35b13.59±2.69b0.181±0.006b1.51±0.01ab
94971.0±35.08c50.80±0.10a3.08±0.28a22.22±3.78a0.202±0.005a1.48±0.04b
), ArticleFig(id=1320882111985340435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different sugar addition on the gas cell distribution and specific volume of steamed rice bread

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加糖量
(g/100 g米粉)
气孔数量
(个)
气孔面积
(%)
气孔直径
(mm)
气孔体积孔壁厚度
(mm)
比容
(mL/g)
51158±8.140b51.03±2.00a1.46±0.13b10.67±1.43b0.197±0.006a1.40±0.03c
101154±63.57b49.90±0.80a1.46±0.34b10.53±3.46b0.192±0.004a1.48±0.06bc
151338±29.16a49.37±0.87a1.07±0.07c6.61±1.25b0.163±0.005c1.61±0.05a
201098±53.38b49.53±0.83a1.66±0.14b11.23±2.17b0.178±0.008b1.53±0.03b
251136±38.97b51.17±1.18a2.72±0.21a19.98±5.94a0.189±0.003a1.45±0.02c
), ArticleFig(id=1320882112048254996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同加糖量对米发糕孔隙分布和比容的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加糖量
(g/100 g米粉)
气孔数量
(个)
气孔面积
(%)
气孔直径
(mm)
气孔体积孔壁厚度
(mm)
比容
(mL/g)
51158±8.140b51.03±2.00a1.46±0.13b10.67±1.43b0.197±0.006a1.40±0.03c
101154±63.57b49.90±0.80a1.46±0.34b10.53±3.46b0.192±0.004a1.48±0.06bc
151338±29.16a49.37±0.87a1.07±0.07c6.61±1.25b0.163±0.005c1.61±0.05a
201098±53.38b49.53±0.83a1.66±0.14b11.23±2.17b0.178±0.008b1.53±0.03b
251136±38.97b51.17±1.18a2.72±0.21a19.98±5.94a0.189±0.003a1.45±0.02c
), ArticleFig(id=1320882112136335381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of different anthocyanin extracts addition on the gas cell distribution and specific volume of steamed rice bread

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加量
(g/100 g米粉)
气孔数量
(个)
气孔面积
(%)
气孔直径
(mm)
气孔体积孔壁厚度
(mm)
比容
(mL/g)
0.451047±31.28c47.90±1.12a0.77±0.05 c6.33±0.97b0.181±0.001b1.65±0.01c
0.901164±36.74b48.07±1.18a0.95±0.13bc7.56±1.45b0.178±0.004bc1.70±0.02b
1.801305±38.61a49.90±0.28a0.91±0.02b6.32±1.23b0.174±0.002c1.78±0.01a
2.701169±68.62b49.40±0.86a1.59±0.11a15.64±1.07a0.194±0.004a1.77±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1320882112211832854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882100094489524, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同花色苷提取物添加量对米发糕孔隙分布和比容的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加量
(g/100 g米粉)
气孔数量
(个)
气孔面积
(%)
气孔直径
(mm)
气孔体积孔壁厚度
(mm)
比容
(mL/g)
0.451047±31.28c47.90±1.12a0.77±0.05 c6.33±0.97b0.181±0.001b1.65±0.01c
0.901164±36.74b48.07±1.18a0.95±0.13bc7.56±1.45b0.178±0.004bc1.70±0.02b
1.801305±38.61a49.90±0.28a0.91±0.02b6.32±1.23b0.174±0.002c1.78±0.01a
2.701169±68.62b49.40±0.86a1.59±0.11a15.64±1.07a0.194±0.004a1.77±0.02a
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黑枸杞花色苷提取物调控淀粉凝胶网络提升米发糕品质的研究
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陈宇 1 , 唐余莉 1 , 刘晏妤 1 , 蒋方程 1, 2 , 沈汪洋 1 , 黄庆荣 2 , 金伟平 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(1): 120-128
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (1) : 120 -128
黑枸杞花色苷提取物调控淀粉凝胶网络提升米发糕品质的研究
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陈宇1 , 唐余莉1, 刘晏妤1, 蒋方程1, 2, 沈汪洋1, 黄庆荣2, 金伟平1, *
作者信息
  • 1武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院,湖北武汉 430023
  • 2罗格斯新泽西州立大学,新泽西州 08901
通讯作者:
金伟平(1988−)(ORCID:0000−0002−2184−1955),女,博士,教授,研究方向:粮油食品生物大分子,E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈宇(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0004−3035−9070),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物资源精深加工,E-mail:

Quality Improvement of Steamed Rice Bread by Regulating Starch Gel Network with Anthocyanin Extracts from Lycium ruthenicum Murr
Yu CHEN1 , Yuli TANG1, Yanyu LIU1, Fangcheng JIANG1, 2, Wangyang SHEN1, Qingrong HUANG2, Weiping JIN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
  • 2Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901, America
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010058
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本研究以质构特性、气孔分布和感官评价为指标,探究了黑枸杞花色苷提取物在0.45~2.70 g/100 g米粉添加量下对米发糕品质提升的影响规律,并通过流变学、红外光谱等分析手段,研究了花色苷对米发糕成型过程中淀粉凝胶网络和发酵膨胀过程的作用机制。结果表明,当花色苷提取物添加量为1.80 g/100 g米粉时,米发糕硬度为14.02 N,比容为1.78 mL/g,获得最高的感官评价得分76.63分。红外图谱中-OH伸缩振动峰的红移表明花色苷提取物可以通过氢键与淀粉分子结合,去卷积图谱中R1052/1022增大说明添加花色苷提取物明显增加了淀粉分子的短程有序度。流变学结果显示,花色苷提取物降低了米糊复合模量|G*|,促进发糕内部气室的膨胀;此外,花色苷通过颜色的pH响应性指示了米糊的发酵进程,赋予米发糕鲜亮色泽,提升食欲。综上,黑枸杞花色苷提取物的添加通过调控淀粉凝胶网络,有效地促进米糊凝胶化和发酵膨胀过程,提高了米发糕品质。

米发糕  /  淀粉凝胶  /  动态流变  /  气孔分布  /  花色苷提取物

In this study, the effects of adding anthocyanins (0.45~2.70 g/100 g rice flour) extracted from Lycium ruthenicum Murr on the quality improvement of steamed rice bread were investigated through textural profile, gas cell distribution, and sensory evaluation. The mechanisms underlying the effects of anthocyanins on the starch gel network and fermentation of steamed rice bread were investigated based on rheology and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that the optimal amount of supplementary anthocyanin extract was 1.80 g/100 g rice flour, which gave rise to steamed rice bread with a hardness of 14.02 N, a specific volume of 1.78 mL/g, and a sensory evaluation score of 76.63. The red shift of the -OH stretching vibration peak in the FTIR spectrum indicated that anthocyanin extracts might bind to starch molecules through hydrogen bonds. The increase of R1052/1022 in the deconvolution curve suggested that the addition of anthocyanin extracts increased the short-range order of starch. The rheological results showed that anthocyanin extracts decreased the complex modulus (|G*|) of rice paste and promoted the expansion of gas cell chambers in the steamed rice bread. In addition, anthocyanins acted as an indicator for the fermentation process based on their pH-dependent color, giving a bright color and good appetite to the steamed rice bread. In conclusion, the addition of anthocyanin extracts from Lycium ruthenicum Murr could promote the gelation and fermentation of steamed rice bread by regulating the starch gel network, resulting in quality improvement.

steamed rice bread  /  starch gels  /  dynamic rheology  /  gas cell distribution  /  anthocyanin extracts
陈宇, 唐余莉, 刘晏妤, 蒋方程, 沈汪洋, 黄庆荣, 金伟平. 黑枸杞花色苷提取物调控淀粉凝胶网络提升米发糕品质的研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 120 -128 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010058
Yu CHEN, Yuli TANG, Yanyu LIU, Fangcheng JIANG, Wangyang SHEN, Qingrong HUANG, Weiping JIN. Quality Improvement of Steamed Rice Bread by Regulating Starch Gel Network with Anthocyanin Extracts from Lycium ruthenicum Murr[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 120 -128 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010058
米发糕是一种我国传统大米发酵食品,因其风味独特、营养价值丰富、易于消化吸收,深受消费者青睐[1−2]。从结构与组成上看,米发糕属于无麸质食品,由于缺乏面筋结构,其质地调控依赖于淀粉的凝胶化和网络结构[3]。米发糕中直链淀粉凝胶网络相比于面筋蛋白网络,存在黏弹性差、内部孔隙稀疏、持水持气能力差、易老化等问题[4]。无麸质发酵烘焙食品品质改良常用方法为添加亲水性多糖[5]、蛋白质[6]等大分子,实现提高比容、改善质构、延缓老化[7]。多酚类物质在改善面粉加工和营养特性应用中效果显著[8]。然而其在无麸质食品品质改良的研究仍十分有限。
花色苷是花色素与糖以糖苷键结合而成的类黄酮化合物[9],属于多酚类的一种,多存在于紫薯、黑枸杞等果实细胞液中。黑枸杞花色苷以锦葵色素-3-O-(6-O-对香豆酰-3-O-乙酰)-5-O-二葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛素-3-O-(6-O-对香豆酰)芸香糖苷-5-O-葡萄糖苷和锦葵色素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷等为主,具有抗疲劳、降血糖、抗氧化等功效[10]。近年来,花色苷作为生物活性分子、指示剂等广泛用于米面制品的品质改良,不仅可以赋予食品独特色泽,还能提升营养价值[11−12]。例如,Wang等[11]将黑枸杞多酚提取物(花青素含量为25.19 mg/g)添加于面粉制备面包,相较于对照组,添加5%的黑枸杞多酚提取物面包的硬度由8.97 N显著增加至15.29 N,同时对比容和弹性没有负面影响。多数文献将花色苷对米面制品品质提升的机制归因于花色苷和面粉中的淀粉和蛋白质的相互作用,但过多的花色苷类物质添加会导致面包的硬度过高,弹性变差[13]。因此,适量添加花色苷有望成为提升米发糕品质的潜在改良剂。
本论文系统研究了黑枸杞花色苷提取物对米发糕感官品质、质构和气孔分布的影响规律,依次从米糊发酵与蒸制固化两个加工工段入手,揭示花色苷调控淀粉凝胶网络和气孔结构的形成、膨胀与固化的潜在机制。此外,研究进一步发现花色苷的pH响应性颜色变化可辅助指示米糊的发酵,为多酚类物质全面发挥米发糕品质提升作用和加工过程精准控制提供参考。
粳米粉(总淀粉含量75.29%±1.16%,直链淀粉含量19.28%±0.50%,蛋白质含量5.95%±0.08%,水分含量11.71%±0.37%,粗脂肪含量2.58%±0.12%) 浙江宁波五桥粮油公司;白砂糖、耐高糖高活性酵母、双效泡打粉 湖北宜昌安琪酵母有限公司;黑枸杞干果 产地青海省;盐酸等化学试剂均为分析纯 国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
Milli-Q Integral超纯水机 美国Millipore公司;Evolution 220 扫描型紫外可见分光光度计 美国Thermo Scientific公司;RW 20 digital机械搅拌器 德国IKA公司;SP-16S恒温醒发箱 珠海三麦机械有限公司;GL 21M冷冻离心机 湖南平凡科技有限公司;FTC TMS-Pro物性分析仪 美国FTC公司;C-CELL图像分析仪、BBM-L370食品体积测定仪 瑞典Perten仪器公司;Malvern Kinexus Pro+多功能旋转剪切流变仪 英国Malvern仪器公司;GL840数据采集器 日本图技公司;CS-10手持式色差仪 杭州彩谱科技有限公司。
参考江甜[14]的方法并稍作修改。称取黑枸杞干果100 g,加入10 mL超纯水匀浆,以料液比1:8(w/v)加入盐酸-甲醇溶液(1%,v/v),400 W、60 ℃超声辅助提取30 min,离心(6000 r/min,30 min,4 ℃)得黑枸杞花色苷提取液,旋转蒸发浓缩,冷冻干燥,得黑枸杞花色苷提取物,在避光干燥条件下保存至备用。
参考Guo等[15]的方法,采用pH示差法测定提取物中枸杞花色苷的含量。配制1 mg/mL的花色苷溶液,取1 mL花色苷溶液于10 mL棕色离心管中,分别加入9 mL的氯化钾-盐酸缓冲溶液(pH1.0,0.2 mol/L)和醋酸钠-冰醋酸缓冲溶液(pH4.5,0.2 mol/L)稀释至10 mL,静置0.5 h,使用紫外分光光度计在400~750 nm波长范围内测定其吸收曲线,记录最大吸收波长和700 nm处的吸光度,根据下式计算黑枸杞花色苷提取物中花色苷的含量。
$ {\mathrm{A}}={({\text{A}}_{\text{max}}-{\text{A}}_{{700}})}_{\text{pH1.0}}-{({\text{A}}_{\text{max}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{700}})}_{\text{pH4.5}} $
$\rm \text{花色苷含量}(\text{mg/g})=\frac{{{{\mathrm{A}}\times {\mathrm{M}}}_{{\mathrm{w}}}\times {\mathrm{DF}}\times {\mathrm{V}}\times{\text{10}}^{\text{3}}}}{\varepsilon \times L\times m} $
式中:Amax和A700分别为花色苷溶液在最大吸收波长(525 nm)和700 nm处的吸光度;Mw为矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷分子质量,449.2 g/mol;ε为矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷摩尔消光系数,26900 L·mol−1·cm−1;DF为稀释倍数;L为比色皿光路直径,1 cm;V为样品体积,1 mL;m为样品质量,1 mg。
取100 g粳米粉和2 g酵母混合,按100 g粳米粉质量计,依次加入超纯水(86、88、90、92、94 g)、白砂糖(5、10、15、20、25 g)和黑枸杞花色苷提取物(0.45、0.90、1.80、2.70 g),用机械搅拌机(800 r/min)均匀物料5 min,移入醒发箱(36 ℃,湿度85%)醒发60 min;加入0.6 g泡打粉,再次机械搅拌1 min充分排气。取50 g米糊倒入带盖圆形铝盒(直径7 cm,高4.5 cm),于醒发箱内在相同条件下静置10 min,移入蒸锅沸水蒸制15 min,常温下冷却1 h后加盖密封,即得米发糕样品。配方优化时采取的方法为逐级优化,优化加水量时的加糖量为20 g/100 g米粉,且不添加黑枸杞花色苷提取物。
从模具中取出米发糕,切成直径为7 cm,高2 cm的圆盘状,参考Qin等[16]的方法并稍作修改,使用物性分析仪测定米发糕的质构特性。模式选择TPA模式,触发类型为自动,使用38 mm圆柱形探头,测前、后速度为2 mm/s,测试速度为2 mm/s,触发力5 g,压缩比50%。
参考黎钧铸等[17]的方法,使用食品体积测定仪测定米发糕的体积,使用天平称取米发糕的质量,根据式(3)计算米发糕的比容。
$ \text{比容}(\text{mL/g})=\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{m}} $
式中:V为米发糕的体积,m为米发糕的质量。
参考张烁等[18]的方法,将米发糕从中部进行平整的切片,避免破坏其内部结构,使用图像分析仪测定米发糕孔隙分布。
参考李美伦等[19]的方法并稍作修改,选取10名食品专业人员(男女各5人)组成感官评价小组,对米发糕的组织形态、口感、弹韧性、色泽和滋味进行感官评定,感官评定指标及评分标准如表1所示。
参考Miao等[20]的方法测定添加黑枸杞花色苷提取物后米糊样品的红外光谱图。取0.45、0.90、1.80、2.70 g黑枸杞花色苷提取物溶解于90 g水中,与100 g粳米粉混合,机械搅拌机(800 r/min)均匀物料5 min形成米糊,醒发箱(36 ℃,湿度85%)水合1 h。将米糊沸水浴糊化30 min后冷却,冷冻干燥后粉碎过100目筛。另取水合后未糊化的米糊,离心(6000 r/min,4 ℃)取上清液,冻干得米糊上清液中的可溶性物质,未添加黑枸杞花色苷提取物的米糊为空白对照。将两种样品分别和KBr以1:10比例混合,充分研磨均匀后压片。测试条件为:扫描次数32次,分辨率4 cm−1,扫描范围4000~400 cm–1。
取0.18 g黑枸杞花色苷提取物溶解于9 g水中,加入10 g粳米粉均匀混合形成米糊(不添加糖和酵母),以不添加花色苷提取物的米糊作为空白对照。参考Avallone等[21]的方法设计流变学实验,测定米糊升温过程中淀粉凝胶形成过程的流变学变化。前期使用数据采集器测定蒸制过程中米发糕内部温度的变化,绘制升温曲线,并对曲线进行拟合,确定流变测定的升温速率为:0~4 min,25 ℃升高至35 ℃(2.5 ℃/min);4~9 min,35 ℃升高至85 ℃(10 ℃/min);9~15 min,85 ℃升高至97 ℃(2 ℃/min)。在动态振荡Ramp升温模式下,固定应变为0.1%,角速度10 rad/s,记录模拟米糊蒸制升温过程中弹性模量(${\mathrm{G}}' $)和黏性模量(${\mathrm{G}}'' $)随时间与温度的变化曲线,根据式(4)计算复合模量|G*|。
$ |\text{G}^*|=\sqrt{{{({\mathrm{G}}')}}^{{2}}+{{({\mathrm{G}}}'')}^{{2}}} $
取100 g粳米粉和2 g酵母混合,称取1.8 g黑枸杞花色苷提取物溶解于90 g水中,机械搅拌机(800 r/min)均匀物料5 min形成新鲜米糊。取10 g米糊,装入平底圆柱形玻璃杯(内径d=4.9 cm),于醒发箱(36 ℃,湿度85%)中发酵,使用游标卡尺的深度尺测量杯口到杯底高度h0,并每隔5 min测量米糊顶部至杯口的高度h1。另外制备一份米糊,在醒发箱中发酵60 min,加入0.6 g小苏打,搅拌排气1 min,取样后于醒发箱中静置10 min,沸水上锅蒸制15 min,期间每隔5 min测量一次,每组样品至少测量三处并求均值,根据下式计算米糊的体积。
$ \text{V(mL)}=\pi\times{\left(\dfrac{\text{d}}{{2}}\right)}^{{2}}\times ({\mathrm{h}}_{0}-{\mathrm{h}}_{1}) $
按1.2.3.3的方法制备新鲜米糊,参考李忍等[22]的方法,米糊发酵开始前和每间隔20 min取3 g米糊,加入10倍体积的超纯水对样品进行稀释,12000 r/min均质1 min,离心10 min(6000 r/min,4 ℃),测定上清液的pH。
使用手持色差仪在发酵开始前和每间隔20 min测定米糊的色度,记录色度值L*、a*、b*,根据公式(6)计算色差。
$ \Delta{{E}}^{{\text{*}}}=\sqrt{{{({L}}^{{\text{*}}}-{{L}}_{{0}}^{{\text{*}}})}^{{2}}+{{({a}}^{{\text{*}}}-{{a}}_{{0}}^{{\text{*}}})}^{{2}}+{{({b}}^{{\text{*}}}-{{b}}_{{0}}^{{\text{*}}})}^{{2}}} $
式中:L0*、a0*、b0*为初始样品的色度值的平均值。
每组样品重复三次,实验结果采用“平均值±标准偏差”的形式表示,不同字母之间表示存在显著性差异(P<0.05),使用SPSS Statistics 19进行数据处理及显著性分析,使用OMNIC 8.0对红外图谱进行处理,PeakFit v4.12计算蛋白质二级结构含量,使用Origin 2021绘图。
在米发糕基础配方中,适量的水能够使米糊具有适当的黏稠度,水分不足或过多均会对米发糕的品质产生不良影响[23]。不同加水量对米发糕质构特性的影响如图1a所示,硬度、内聚性和弹性随着加水量的增加,呈现先增大后减小的趋势。在加水量为90 g/100 g米粉时,米发糕获得了最高的硬度(11.18 N)和内聚性(0.839)。由图1b可知,加水量主要影响了米发糕的口感和弹韧性,在加水量为90 g/100 g米粉时,感官评价总分最高。米发糕气孔参数如表2所示,气孔数量呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势。孔隙分布可以反映米发糕内部结构是否均匀,一般情况下,气孔数量越多,气孔越小,结构越致密,产品品质越好[24]。因此,选择90 g/100 g米粉的加水量进行加糖量的优化。
加糖量主要影响发糕发酵中酵母菌生长和产气量。不同加糖量对米发糕的质构影响如图2a所示,随着加糖量的增加,米发糕的弹性逐渐增加,而硬度呈先增大后减小的趋势,推测为蔗糖能通过增加淀粉凝胶硬度而提升发糕的硬度[25]。图2b显示加糖量对米发糕滋味得分的影响显著。此外,随着加糖量的增加,米发糕切面的气孔数量呈先增加后减少的趋势(表3),这可能是因为糖的添加促进了酵母菌发酵,消耗了较多溶解在米糊中的氧气并置换出CO2形成气孔。当酵母过于活跃产生CO2过多时,米糊无法稳定气室,导致小气孔连通形成大气孔[26],这与气孔直径和气孔体积增大的趋势保持了一致。综合考虑米发糕的感官评价与硬度、气孔数量、气孔直径等参数,选择加糖量为15 g/100 g米粉为最优。
由pH示差法计算的花色苷提取物中花色苷含量为25.53±0.23 mg/g,不同花色苷提取物添加量对米发糕质构参数的影响如图3a所示。当添加量为1.80 g/100 g米粉时,米发糕的硬度显著(P<0.05)增大至14.02 N,且弹性最高为0.864。当提取物添加量增加至2.70 g/100 g米粉时,米发糕的硬度增加至17.44 N,但过高的硬度对感官得分有负面的影响。Sui等[27]研究中报道了类似的结果,使用4%的黑米花色苷提取物添加于面包时,面包硬度由284.31 N增加至457.05 N,内聚性由0.81降低至0.72。Montes等[28]研究指出添加0.5%海藻多酚使无麸质面包的硬度由6.7 N增加至13.6 N,内聚性由0.87降低至0.77。可能是过多的多酚可作为连桥结构,通过氢键诱导直链淀粉重新聚集,增强了淀粉凝胶的强度[29]。在综合感官评价中,花色苷的添加对米发糕色泽影响较大,当黑枸杞花色苷提取物的添加量达到1.80 g/100 g米粉时,感官评价总分最高为76.63分。
黑枸杞花色苷提取物对米发糕气孔结构的影响如表4所示,随着花色苷添加量增大,发糕比容显著增加(P<0.05),切面气孔数量呈先增大后减小的趋势。当花色苷添加量为1.80 g/100 g米粉时,比容增加至1.78 mL/g,气孔数量为1305个,而孔壁厚度呈先减小后增大的趋势。图4为米发糕切面的气孔分布图,较深的蓝色表示较小的气孔,较浅的蓝色表示较大的气孔,黄色和红色表示气孔结构较粗糙。当花色苷添加量达到2.70 g/100 g米粉时,气孔数量显著减少,气孔直径显著增加(P<0.05),米发糕内部结构较差,感官得分降低。综上所述,当黑枸杞花色苷提取物的添加量为1.80 g/100 g米粉时,米发糕获得较好的质构特性,同时具有均匀的内部孔隙结构和最高感官得分。
花色苷提取物和糊化后米糊的红外扫描图谱如图5a所示,添加黑枸杞花色苷提取物后红外图谱中未出现新的特征吸收峰。图中3400 cm−1附近的宽吸收峰主要是-OH键的伸缩振动,随着花色苷提取物添加量增加,-OH吸收峰向低波数方向发生红移,波数由3408 cm−1移动至3367 cm−1,推测花色苷中的酚羟基与大米淀粉分子的羟基形成氢键[30]。1600~1700 cm−1为酰胺Ⅰ带,附近的特征峰与C=O的伸缩振动有关,米糊的1650 cm−1处的特征峰发生略微蓝移,推测花色苷提取物添加可能影响了蛋白质内部相互作用的方式。红外光谱900~1200 cm−1范围内的峰主要与C-C和C-O键的伸缩振动有关[31],使用OMNIC 8.0软件进行去卷积数据处理后结果如图5b所示。去卷积图谱中1052 cm−1和1022 cm−1附近的峰分别代表淀粉的结晶区和非结晶区,峰强度比值R1052/1022可反映淀粉的短程有序程度[31]。如图5b所示,黑枸杞花色苷提取物添加量增加时,R1052/1022值明显增加,说明淀粉分子的短程有序度增大,多酚与淀粉分子链之间的相互作用增强了分子链之间的引力,使淀粉分子链的排列更加紧密,这可能与米发糕硬度的增加有关。
为模拟米糊在蒸制过程中淀粉凝胶网络变化,采用动态温度扫描对米糊的流变学参数进行了测定。首先,采用温度探头测定米发糕在蒸制过程中米糊中心温度随时间的变化(图6a),对曲线分为三个阶段进行线性拟合,确定了3个升温阶段的大致速率,并在流变程序里设定模拟升温过程的参数,得到米糊在蒸制过程(0~900 s)和冷却过程(900~1800 s)中弹性模量、黏性模量和复合模量|G*|的变化(图6b,c)。在蒸制初期(<350 s),弹性模量G'和黏性模量G''基本保持不变,且G'>G'',表现出类固体性质。添加黑枸杞花色苷提取物显著降低了米糊的G',这可能与花色苷提取物与米糊中溶解的部分蛋白质和破损淀粉的相互作用有关。当温度逐渐升高达到糊化温度时,米糊的G'和G''开始急剧升高达到峰值,随后又因淀粉颗粒的破裂和高温下分子运动速率加快而回落。冷却过程中米糊凝胶的G'与G''持续缓慢升高,直链淀粉分子开始重排。复合模量|G*|反映凝胶对抗形变的总阻力,冷却阶段|G*|的升高说明在蒸制过程中淀粉凝胶体系逐渐固化,这与Avallone等[21]和Ren等[32]在使用流变学Ramp升温模式分别模拟小麦面团和无麸质面团烘焙过程中复合模量|G*|的变化类似。整体来看,黑枸杞花色苷提取物的加入显著降低了未加热米糊的黏弹性模量,但对米糊的糊化凝胶过程及凝胶的固化并未有显著影响。
为探究添加花色苷提取物导致初始米糊G'下降的原因,对米糊可溶部分冻干并进行红外图谱分析。图7a结果显示3400 cm−1处的-OH键和1600~1700 cm−1处的C=O键伸缩振动峰为破损淀粉和可溶性蛋白质的特征吸收峰。在添加花色苷提取物后,-OH键的伸缩振动峰由3400 cm−1移动至3344 cm−1,表明花色苷与溶解的破损淀粉之间存在氢键相互作用。1600~1700 cm−1处的蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ带C=O的伸缩振动峰也向较低波数方向发生了红移,波数由1638 cm−1移动至1630 cm−1。进一步拟合米粉中可溶性蛋白质二级结构含量[33],发现花色苷添加使米粉中α-螺旋含量降低(24.72%至14.41%),β-折叠含量升高(16.84%至27.53%),α-螺旋向β-折叠的转变导致了米糊中蛋白质发生聚集,降低了米糊的模量[34]。
黑枸杞花色苷提取物对未加热米糊的流变学有显著的影响,但也可能会影响米糊的发酵过程从而最终影响米发糕的品质。米糊体积的膨胀是因为酵母菌消耗物料混匀时溶解于米糊中的O2并产生CO2,当CO2在米糊中达到饱和时逸出并被米糊包裹,气室变大使米糊体积膨胀[26]。本研究探讨了黑枸杞花色苷提取物的添加对发酵过程米糊体积变化的影响,由图8可知在初次发酵阶段,添加花色苷使发酵体积略有增加,但整体差异较小,在加入泡打粉搅拌排气后的二次发酵时,添加花色苷的米糊有较大的膨胀体积,并在米发糕蒸制过程中进一步膨胀,可能是因为花色苷提取物的添加降低了米糊的黏度,降低了米糊膨胀所需的压力,最终提升了米发糕的比容。
在实际生产中,由于环境因素等的不稳定,仅依靠发酵时间来评估米糊的发酵程度可能会不够准确,花色苷提取物的添加还可指示发酵的过程。发酵过程实质上是酵母菌分解米糊中的淀粉等有机物,产生乳酸、醋酸等有机酸,导致体系pH逐渐降低(图9a),在发酵40 min时pH约为4.0,60 min时pH下降至约3.5,随着发酵的进行,米糊pH最终趋于平稳。花色苷的颜色对环境pH敏感,为避免过度酸化引起感官下降,花色苷提取物的添加还可以起到发酵指示的作用。
采用CIE L*a*b*色彩模型评价添加黑枸杞花色苷提取物后,米糊在发酵过程的颜色变化(图9b和图9c)。L*表示样品的亮度(0~100表示从黑至白),a*和b*分别为样品的红绿值(正值表示偏红,负值表示偏绿)和黄蓝值(正值表示偏黄,负值表示偏蓝),色差ΔE*是色度的综合评定指标。色差ΔE*的变化与pH的变化趋势基本相反,在发酵60 min后ΔE*值无显著差异。发酵开始时,米糊的pH在5.5~6.0之间,此时主要的显色物质为醌式碱,呈紫色,米糊有最高的蓝度值b*的绝对值为11.16。随着发酵的进行,米糊pH降低至4.0~5.0之间,米糊的L*值升高,红度值a*和蓝度值b*(绝对值)降低,这是因为此时花色苷中主要的显色物质转变为无色的甲醇假碱。当发酵40 min后,米糊的pH降低至4.0以下,花色苷的显色物质开始转变为红色的黄素阳离子,米糊红度值a*开始逐渐增大,蓝度值b*趋于平稳,而亮度L*增大。综上,米糊中添加1.80 g/100 g米粉的黑枸杞花色苷提取物,颜色会随着发酵过程中环境pH的变化而呈现不同的颜色状态,而60 min后色差ΔE*不再有显著性的变化,可以将米糊色差ΔE*无显著性变化作为发酵终点来制备米发糕,实现品质提升和过程监控的同步。
本研究以质构、比容、感官评价和气孔分布为指标,探究了配方对米发糕品质的影响规律,所得优化的参数依次为加水量90 g/100 g米粉,加糖量15 g/100 g米粉和花色苷提取物添加量1.80 g/100 g米粉。最佳配方得到米发糕的硬度为14.02 N,比容为1.78 mL/g,感官得分为76.63分。黑枸杞花色苷提取物的添加明显增加了淀粉的短程有序性,增强了淀粉凝胶网络结构,从而提升了米发糕硬度;在初始米糊中,花色苷提取物与米粉中的破损淀粉通过氢键结合,与可溶性蛋白质结合改变其二级结构,降低了米糊的黏度,减小了米糊发酵中气体膨胀所受到的压力,使米糊在二次醒发和蒸制时获得了更高的体积,最终增加了米发糕的比容;此外花色苷提取物的添加还可以通过颜色变化辅助指示米糊的发酵进程。综上所述,黑枸杞花色苷提取物有效地增强了淀粉凝胶网络和发酵膨胀过程,提高了米发糕品质,本研究可为米发糕品质的改良和花色苷提取物在食品加工中的应用提供参考。

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2026年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010058
  • 接收时间:2025-01-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-09
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    1武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院,湖北武汉 430023
    2罗格斯新泽西州立大学,新泽西州 08901

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金伟平(1988−)(ORCID:0000−0002−2184−1955),女,博士,教授,研究方向:粮油食品生物大分子,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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