Article(id=1320882076795126769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120365, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852427909, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852427909, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852427909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852427909, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=104, endPage=111, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882077009036274, articleId=1320882076795126769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Application of Composite Strain Fermentation in Steamed Bread, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the effects of different sourdough flavor starters on the quality of steamed bread, angel yeast steamed bread (AQ), Kazachstania humilis-Lactobacillus plantarum-Weissella cibaria fermented steamed bread (FP), Kazachstania humilis fermented steamed bread (JM), Kazachstania humilis-Lactobacillus plantarum fermented steamed bread (JZ), Kazachstania humilis-Weissella cibaria fermented steamed bread (JS) and industrial sourdough steamed bread (LM) were analyzed and compared for the pH value, titratable acidity (TTA), dough fermentation power, specific volume, color difference, texture, electronic nose sensing value and sensory evaluation. The results showed that compared with LM group, pH of the experimental steamed bread was lower (5.47~5.67), the pH of steamed bread in the FP group significantly decreased by 13.6% (P<0.05), TTA was higher (10.38~11.80 mL). The hardness and chewability of experimental groups was lower than that in the LM group (P<0.05), and the hardness and chewability of FP were moderate and the elasticity was best when Kazachstania humilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Weissella cibaria were added at the same time. The L* values of FP steamed bread and AQ steamed bread were significantly higher than those of LM group (P<0.05), and the luster was good. The results of electronic nose experiment showed that the three kinds of sourdough flavor starters had a great influence on the formation of flavor substances, including alkane and ethanol in steamed bread, among which FP and LM showed almost identical positions in radar map, proving that they had a high degree of consistency in flavor. In addition, the correlation analysis results between the addition of strains and the quality of steamed bread showed that Lactobacillus plantarum could significantly (P<0.05) reduce the pH value of steamed bread, Kazachstania humilis could not only significantly (P<0.01) reduce the pH value but also regulate the specific volume of steamed bread, and Weissella cibaria could significantly (P<0.05) affect the color and textural property of steamed bread. Therefore, we can get good quality, good chewing, white and shiny steamed bread through the combination of three kinds of sourdough flavor starters. The experimental results can provide theoretical support for the standardized production of sourdough flavor starters.

, authors=Yanan HAN1, 2, Ruyue HE1, 2, Chengxiang WANG2, *, Meina ZHANG2, Dehua MOU1, 3, Shan GAO1, *, authorsList=Yanan HAN, Ruyue HE, Chengxiang WANG, Meina ZHANG, Dehua MOU, Shan GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chengxiang WANG, Shan GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882080247038973, articleId=1320882076795126769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=复合菌种发酵在馒头中的应用, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究不同老面风味发酵剂对馒头品质的影响,对比安琪酵母馒头(AQ)、哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-植物乳杆菌-食窦魏斯氏菌发酵馒头(FP)、哈萨克斯坦酵母菌发酵馒头(JM)、哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-植物乳杆菌发酵馒头(JZ)、哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-食窦魏斯氏菌发酵馒头(JS)及工业化老面馒头(LM)六组样品,对馒头的pH和可滴定酸度(TTA)、面团的发酵力、馒头的比容、色差、质构、电子鼻响应值以及感官评价进行分析比较。结果表明,与LM组相比,实验组馒头的pH偏低(5.47~5.67),FP组馒头pH显著降低了13.6%(P<0.05),TTA偏高(10.38~11.80 mL);实验组馒头的硬度和咀嚼性均显著低于LM馒头组(P<0.05),其中FP馒头的硬度和咀嚼性适中,弹性较好;FP馒头和AQ馒头外皮和内瓤的L*值均显著高于LM组(P<0.05),光泽性较好;电子鼻实验结果表明,三种老面风味发酵剂对馒头中烷烃、乙醇风味物质的形成影响较大,其中FP馒头与LM馒头在雷达图中位置几乎重合,证明二者在风味上具有高度一致性。此外,菌株与馒头品质相关性分析结果表明,植物乳杆菌可以显著(P<0.05)降低馒头pH,哈萨克斯坦酵母不仅能够显著(P<0.01)降低馒头pH还可以调控馒头比容,食窦魏斯氏菌可以显著(P<0.05)影响馒头色泽和质构特性,因此,通过三种发酵剂复配使用,可得到品质优秀、咀嚼性好、洁白有光泽的老面风味馒头。实验结果能够为老面风味发酵剂的标准化生产提供理论支持。

, authors=韩雅楠1, 2, 何如月1, 2, 王成祥2, *, 张美娜2, 牟德华1, 3, 高山1, *, authorsList=韩雅楠, 何如月, 王成祥, 张美娜, 牟德华, 高山, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王成祥, 高山, authorNote=

韩雅楠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王成祥(1974−),男,本科,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品工程技术研究及产业化,E-mail:。
高山(1989−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:农产品加工、食品营养学,E-mail:。
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The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 1901, 2(11): 559−572., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882095292006534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张月, 杨新玥, 黄莉, 等. 乳酸菌复配发酵对川味香肠品质及酪胺含量的影响[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2025, 51(6): 83−90. [ZHANG Yue, YANG Xinyue, HUANG Li, et al. Effects of combined fermentation with lactic acid bacteria on quality and tyramine content of Sichuan sausage[J]. 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Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2023, 45(2): 228−236.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882095652716683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QU Hongye, LIU Chaoran, DONG Yulu, et al. Preparation of direct-vat Weissella cibaria products[J]. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=CN, label=图1, caption=六种面团的总产气量变化, figureFileSmall=1XOxIEfXyejEHpeQKBHnHA==, figureFileBig=+UL0JzjIHNrUH9UGa6cIbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882085087264822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Electronic nose radar image of six groups of steamed bread, figureFileSmall=i/pWYM/V2iX9QtZ0/XKftw==, figureFileBig=0qulKpdWkPYF8JiutDD/bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882085166956599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=CN, label=图2, caption=六组馒头电子鼻雷达图, figureFileSmall=i/pWYM/V2iX9QtZ0/XKftw==, figureFileBig=0qulKpdWkPYF8JiutDD/bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882085234065464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=EN, label=Fig.3, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882085531861052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Correlation analysis between strain addition and steamed bread quality, figureFileSmall=kp3GpCymxGvOMBDp2fgm1w==, figureFileBig=JadwpzuBYO4AdnhGUDMvTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882085590581309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菌种添加量与馒头品质相关性分析

注:*表示在P<0.05水平显著相关,**表示在P<0.01水平显著相关,***表示在P<0.001水平极显著相关。

, figureFileSmall=kp3GpCymxGvOMBDp2fgm1w==, figureFileBig=JadwpzuBYO4AdnhGUDMvTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882085649301566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Addition amount of four kinds of steamed bread strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品组合方式哈萨克斯坦酵母菌(CFU/g)植物乳杆菌
(CFU/g)
食窦魏斯氏菌(CFU/g)
FP哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-植物乳杆菌-食窦魏斯氏菌1×1086×1083×108
JM哈萨克斯坦酵母菌1×108−−
JZ哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-植物乳杆菌1×1081×109−
JS哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-食窦魏斯氏菌1×108−1×109
), ArticleFig(id=1320882085716410431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四种馒头菌种添加量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品组合方式哈萨克斯坦酵母菌(CFU/g)植物乳杆菌
(CFU/g)
食窦魏斯氏菌(CFU/g)
FP哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-植物乳杆菌-食窦魏斯氏菌1×1086×1083×108
JM哈萨克斯坦酵母菌1×108−−
JZ哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-植物乳杆菌1×1081×109−
JS哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-食窦魏斯氏菌1×108−1×109
), ArticleFig(id=1320882085779324992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Description of sensor performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
传感器名称性能描述
S1氨气、胺类
S2硫化氢、硫化物
S3氢气
S4乙醇、有机溶剂
S5醇类、酮类、醛类、芳香族化合物
S6甲烷、沼气、天然气
S7可燃性气体
S8VOC
S9液化气、天然气、煤气
S10液化气、可燃性气体
S11烷烃、乙醇、天然气、烟雾
S12乙醇、有机溶剂
S13烟气、烹调臭味
S14甲烷、燃气
), ArticleFig(id=1320882085846433857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

传感器性能描述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
传感器名称性能描述
S1氨气、胺类
S2硫化氢、硫化物
S3氢气
S4乙醇、有机溶剂
S5醇类、酮类、醛类、芳香族化合物
S6甲烷、沼气、天然气
S7可燃性气体
S8VOC
S9液化气、天然气、煤气
S10液化气、可燃性气体
S11烷烃、乙醇、天然气、烟雾
S12乙醇、有机溶剂
S13烟气、烹调臭味
S14甲烷、燃气
), ArticleFig(id=1320882085913542722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensory evaluation of steamed bread

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评分标准分值
比容(mL/g)比容≥2.820
在2.8~1.8之间,每下降0.1扣1.5分6~19
比容≤1.85
弹性手指按压回弹性好8~10
手指按压回弹弱6~7
手指按压不回弹或按压困难4~5
表面色泽光泽好8~10
稍暗6~7
灰暗4~5
表面结构表面光滑8~10
皱缩塌陷有气泡或烫斑4~7
内部结构气孔细腻均匀18~20
气孔细腻基本均匀,有个别气泡
(边缘与表皮有分离现象的扣1分)
13~17
气孔基本均匀,但有下列情况之一的:过于细密,有稍多气泡,气孔均匀但结构稍显粗糙10~12
气孔不均匀或结构很粗糙5~9
韧性咬劲强8~10
咬劲一般6~7
咬劲差,切时掉渣或咀嚼干硬4~5
黏性爽口不粘牙8~10
稍粘牙6~7
咀嚼不爽口、很粘牙4~5
食味正常小麦固有的香味8~10
滋味平淡6~7
有异味4~5
), ArticleFig(id=1320882086010011715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

馒头的感官评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评分标准分值
比容(mL/g)比容≥2.820
在2.8~1.8之间,每下降0.1扣1.5分6~19
比容≤1.85
弹性手指按压回弹性好8~10
手指按压回弹弱6~7
手指按压不回弹或按压困难4~5
表面色泽光泽好8~10
稍暗6~7
灰暗4~5
表面结构表面光滑8~10
皱缩塌陷有气泡或烫斑4~7
内部结构气孔细腻均匀18~20
气孔细腻基本均匀,有个别气泡
(边缘与表皮有分离现象的扣1分)
13~17
气孔基本均匀,但有下列情况之一的:过于细密,有稍多气泡,气孔均匀但结构稍显粗糙10~12
气孔不均匀或结构很粗糙5~9
韧性咬劲强8~10
咬劲一般6~7
咬劲差,切时掉渣或咀嚼干硬4~5
黏性爽口不粘牙8~10
稍粘牙6~7
咀嚼不爽口、很粘牙4~5
食味正常小麦固有的香味8~10
滋味平淡6~7
有异味4~5
), ArticleFig(id=1320882086085509188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Physical and chemical indexes of dough and steamed bread

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类理化指标AQFPJMJZJSLM
面团pH5.46±0.04b4.71±0.06e5.52±0.02a4.28±0.03f5.31±0.02c5.11±0.03d
TTA(mL)3.30±0.44c4.30±0.10b3.00±0.00c5.23±0.25a3.07±0.15c4.16±0.08b
馒头pH5.61±0.03c5.47±0.02e5.65±0.01b5.50±0.02d5.67±0.01b6.33±0.01a
TTA(mL)10.38±0.74b11.34±0.52a11.17±0.12a11.80±0.27a11.57±0.38a6.07±0.28c
比容(mL/g)2.60±0.01a2.55±0.04ab2.39±0.04b2.58±0.06a2.56±0.18a2.67±0.03a
外皮L*89.66±0.08a89.93±0.11a88.74±0.15b88.84±0.54b85.49±0.24c88.54±0.27b
a*−0.23±0.02b−0.31±0.03c−0.23±0.02b−0.23±0.06b−0.07±0.06a−0.27±0.03bc
b*11.75±0.28c11.32±0.22d12.73±0.26b11.69±0.24cd16.2±0.25a12.85±0.22b
内瓤L*87.62±1.21a86.82±1.66ab85.2±0.17bc87.98±0.74a81.78±0.4d84.27±1.09c
a*−0.22±0.05c−0.16±0.14bc−0.02±0.07ab−0.22±0.12c0.11±0.07a0.14±0.16a
b*11.3±0.46bc11.39±0.25bc11.67±0.42b10.69±0.26c12.65±0.66a12.62±0.44a
), ArticleFig(id=1320882086181978181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882076795126769, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

面团和馒头的理化指标

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种类理化指标AQFPJMJZJSLM
面团pH5.46±0.04b4.71±0.06e5.52±0.02a4.28±0.03f5.31±0.02c5.11±0.03d
TTA(mL)3.30±0.44c4.30±0.10b3.00±0.00c5.23±0.25a3.07±0.15c4.16±0.08b
馒头pH5.61±0.03c5.47±0.02e5.65±0.01b5.50±0.02d5.67±0.01b6.33±0.01a
TTA(mL)10.38±0.74b11.34±0.52a11.17±0.12a11.80±0.27a11.57±0.38a6.07±0.28c
比容(mL/g)2.60±0.01a2.55±0.04ab2.39±0.04b2.58±0.06a2.56±0.18a2.67±0.03a
外皮L*89.66±0.08a89.93±0.11a88.74±0.15b88.84±0.54b85.49±0.24c88.54±0.27b
a*−0.23±0.02b−0.31±0.03c−0.23±0.02b−0.23±0.06b−0.07±0.06a−0.27±0.03bc
b*11.75±0.28c11.32±0.22d12.73±0.26b11.69±0.24cd16.2±0.25a12.85±0.22b
内瓤L*87.62±1.21a86.82±1.66ab85.2±0.17bc87.98±0.74a81.78±0.4d84.27±1.09c
a*−0.22±0.05c−0.16±0.14bc−0.02±0.07ab−0.22±0.12c0.11±0.07a0.14±0.16a
b*11.3±0.46bc11.39±0.25bc11.67±0.42b10.69±0.26c12.65±0.66a12.62±0.44a
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Textural properties of steamed bread

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样品硬度(N)最大粘附力(N)粘附性(N·mm)内聚性(Ratio)弹性(mm)胶粘性(N)咀嚼性(mJ)
AQ20.77±0.31e−0.30±0.00cd1.35±0.34a0.70±0.01b16.63±0.54e14.53±0.34d241.52±5.51d
FP28.07±1.37b−0.27±0.15bc1.10±0.79ab0.70±0.00b20.80±0.31b19.17±0.67b398.77±12.46b
JM28.64±1.12b−0.45±0.15d1.69±0.79a0.69±0.00bc19.81±0.59c19.65±0.75b389.18±9.46b
JZ26.21±1.63c−0.1±0.09ab0.79±0.12ab0.69±0.01c20.43±0.94bc18.05±0.89c369.22±34.80b
JS24.13±0.75d−0.05±0.09a0.36±0.09b0.72±0.01a18.43±0.46d17.22±0.53c317.40±17.10c
LM41.82±0.56a−0.15±0.00abc0.34±0.15b0.64±0.01d23.70±0.30a26.92±0.37a638.24±16.22a
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馒头的质构特性

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样品硬度(N)最大粘附力(N)粘附性(N·mm)内聚性(Ratio)弹性(mm)胶粘性(N)咀嚼性(mJ)
AQ20.77±0.31e−0.30±0.00cd1.35±0.34a0.70±0.01b16.63±0.54e14.53±0.34d241.52±5.51d
FP28.07±1.37b−0.27±0.15bc1.10±0.79ab0.70±0.00b20.80±0.31b19.17±0.67b398.77±12.46b
JM28.64±1.12b−0.45±0.15d1.69±0.79a0.69±0.00bc19.81±0.59c19.65±0.75b389.18±9.46b
JZ26.21±1.63c−0.1±0.09ab0.79±0.12ab0.69±0.01c20.43±0.94bc18.05±0.89c369.22±34.80b
JS24.13±0.75d−0.05±0.09a0.36±0.09b0.72±0.01a18.43±0.46d17.22±0.53c317.40±17.10c
LM41.82±0.56a−0.15±0.00abc0.34±0.15b0.64±0.01d23.70±0.30a26.92±0.37a638.24±16.22a
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复合菌种发酵在馒头中的应用
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韩雅楠 1, 2 , 何如月 1, 2 , 王成祥 2, * , 张美娜 2 , 牟德华 1, 3 , 高山 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(1): 104-111
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (1) : 104 -111
复合菌种发酵在馒头中的应用
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韩雅楠1, 2 , 何如月1, 2, 王成祥2, * , 张美娜2, 牟德华1, 3, 高山1, *
作者信息
  • 1河北科技大学食品与生物学院,河北石家庄 050091
  • 2河北同福健康产业有限公司,河北石家庄 051430
  • 3河北省焙烤食品加工技术创新中心,河北石家庄 051130
通讯作者:
王成祥(1974−),男,本科,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品工程技术研究及产业化,E-mail:。
高山(1989−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:农产品加工、食品营养学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

韩雅楠(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

Application of Composite Strain Fermentation in Steamed Bread
Yanan HAN1, 2 , Ruyue HE1, 2, Chengxiang WANG2, * , Meina ZHANG2, Dehua MOU1, 3, Shan GAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
  • 2Hebei Tongfu Health Industry Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 051430, China
  • 3Hebei Province Bakery Food Processing Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 051130, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120365
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为探究不同老面风味发酵剂对馒头品质的影响,对比安琪酵母馒头(AQ)、哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-植物乳杆菌-食窦魏斯氏菌发酵馒头(FP)、哈萨克斯坦酵母菌发酵馒头(JM)、哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-植物乳杆菌发酵馒头(JZ)、哈萨克斯坦酵母菌-食窦魏斯氏菌发酵馒头(JS)及工业化老面馒头(LM)六组样品,对馒头的pH和可滴定酸度(TTA)、面团的发酵力、馒头的比容、色差、质构、电子鼻响应值以及感官评价进行分析比较。结果表明,与LM组相比,实验组馒头的pH偏低(5.47~5.67),FP组馒头pH显著降低了13.6%(P<0.05),TTA偏高(10.38~11.80 mL);实验组馒头的硬度和咀嚼性均显著低于LM馒头组(P<0.05),其中FP馒头的硬度和咀嚼性适中,弹性较好;FP馒头和AQ馒头外皮和内瓤的L*值均显著高于LM组(P<0.05),光泽性较好;电子鼻实验结果表明,三种老面风味发酵剂对馒头中烷烃、乙醇风味物质的形成影响较大,其中FP馒头与LM馒头在雷达图中位置几乎重合,证明二者在风味上具有高度一致性。此外,菌株与馒头品质相关性分析结果表明,植物乳杆菌可以显著(P<0.05)降低馒头pH,哈萨克斯坦酵母不仅能够显著(P<0.01)降低馒头pH还可以调控馒头比容,食窦魏斯氏菌可以显著(P<0.05)影响馒头色泽和质构特性,因此,通过三种发酵剂复配使用,可得到品质优秀、咀嚼性好、洁白有光泽的老面风味馒头。实验结果能够为老面风味发酵剂的标准化生产提供理论支持。

老面馒头  /  哈萨克斯坦酵母  /  植物乳酸菌  /  食窦魏斯氏菌  /  馒头品质  /  相关性分析

In order to explore the effects of different sourdough flavor starters on the quality of steamed bread, angel yeast steamed bread (AQ), Kazachstania humilis-Lactobacillus plantarum-Weissella cibaria fermented steamed bread (FP), Kazachstania humilis fermented steamed bread (JM), Kazachstania humilis-Lactobacillus plantarum fermented steamed bread (JZ), Kazachstania humilis-Weissella cibaria fermented steamed bread (JS) and industrial sourdough steamed bread (LM) were analyzed and compared for the pH value, titratable acidity (TTA), dough fermentation power, specific volume, color difference, texture, electronic nose sensing value and sensory evaluation. The results showed that compared with LM group, pH of the experimental steamed bread was lower (5.47~5.67), the pH of steamed bread in the FP group significantly decreased by 13.6% (P<0.05), TTA was higher (10.38~11.80 mL). The hardness and chewability of experimental groups was lower than that in the LM group (P<0.05), and the hardness and chewability of FP were moderate and the elasticity was best when Kazachstania humilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Weissella cibaria were added at the same time. The L* values of FP steamed bread and AQ steamed bread were significantly higher than those of LM group (P<0.05), and the luster was good. The results of electronic nose experiment showed that the three kinds of sourdough flavor starters had a great influence on the formation of flavor substances, including alkane and ethanol in steamed bread, among which FP and LM showed almost identical positions in radar map, proving that they had a high degree of consistency in flavor. In addition, the correlation analysis results between the addition of strains and the quality of steamed bread showed that Lactobacillus plantarum could significantly (P<0.05) reduce the pH value of steamed bread, Kazachstania humilis could not only significantly (P<0.01) reduce the pH value but also regulate the specific volume of steamed bread, and Weissella cibaria could significantly (P<0.05) affect the color and textural property of steamed bread. Therefore, we can get good quality, good chewing, white and shiny steamed bread through the combination of three kinds of sourdough flavor starters. The experimental results can provide theoretical support for the standardized production of sourdough flavor starters.

sourdough steamed bread  /  Kazachstania humilis  /  Lactobacillus plantarum  /  Weissella cibaria  /  steamed bread quality  /  correlation analysis
韩雅楠, 何如月, 王成祥, 张美娜, 牟德华, 高山. 复合菌种发酵在馒头中的应用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 104 -111 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120365
Yanan HAN, Ruyue HE, Chengxiang WANG, Meina ZHANG, Dehua MOU, Shan GAO. Application of Composite Strain Fermentation in Steamed Bread[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 104 -111 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120365
老面又称酸面团,依靠野生酵母及其他菌种混合发酵制作,将每次发酵完成后的面团留下作为下次发酵菌种来源,即为老面[1−2]。老面馒头是以老面作为发酵剂,经馒头发酵工艺蒸制而成。老面中酵母菌和乳酸菌混合发酵能够提高馒头风味物质的种类和含量,有机酸的产生及酯化反应是其风味丰富的重要原因之一[3],乳酸菌的发酵也有助于改善成品质地和感官品质[4−6],老面馒头因其独特的酵香味及口感被大众喜爱。有关调查显示,多数人认为添加传统老面生产出的馒头无论从风味还是组织结构都优于商业酵母馒头[7]。目前工业化生产体系大多数为商业酵母馒头,其发酵速度快,发酵过程稳定,操作简单,可控性强。但因其为纯种酵母发酵,制作的馒头风味较单一[8],香味不浓,感官品质和复蒸性能较差[9−10],难以满足消费者需求。而老面酵头的添加可赋予馒头独特的风味和口感[11],改善馒头内部结构[12],提高其营养品质[13−14]。
老面馒头在我国以两种形式存在,一是被个体家庭和馒头作坊使用,但其菌种质量差、生产工艺落后、加工工艺不规范,导致产品质量不稳定[15],未得到普遍推广;二是被现代化馒头生产企业所应用,工厂引用、改良先进设备,对老面酵头进行严格的筛选和培养,以确保每批馒头的最佳状态,但同时,在工业化生产过程中又存在各地区工厂老面发酵状态不统一、批次不稳定,质量监管难度大等问题。实现老面馒头的工业化,取决于传统工艺的合理化、数字化、标准化[16]。工业化生产期望得到风味独特、口感宜人、发酵活性高且工艺简单易操作的发酵剂产品。通过筛选优势菌种进行复配的复配发酵剂,具有发酵力强、风味多样的特点[3];但在菌种分离方面仍存在局限性,酵母菌和乳酸菌复配方式大多数局限于酿酒酵母与旧金山乳杆菌。
通过前期对老面菌群的探究[17],本研究使用优势菌种哈萨克斯坦酵母菌、植物乳杆菌、食窦魏斯氏菌进行复配,以老面馒头为对照组,利用理化性质分析、质构特性分析、电子鼻技术和感官评价对不同成品进行评估,为老面风味发酵剂的开发提供理论依据。
哈萨克斯坦酵母JM1503(Kazachstania humilis JM1503,保藏号:CGMCC No. 32117)、植物乳杆菌RS5412(Lactobacillus plantarum RS5412)、食窦魏斯氏菌RS3401(Weissella cibaria RS3401) 分离自石家庄某工业化车间,保存于河北科技大学食品与生物学院;面粉 华龙农庄七星包点粉;高活性干酵母 安琪酵母股份有限公司;YPD液体培养基 青岛高科技工业园海博生物技术有限公司;MRS肉汤 杭州百思生物技术有限公司;氢氧化钠标准溶液 零三一七科技有限公司。
JX6001电子天平 上海浦春计量仪器有限公司;WSF-2000MH-10W发酵特性分析仪 河北汉正医疗器械贸易有限公司;DL-TM018和面机 广东东菱有限公司;YMZD3501自动压面机 山东银鹰炊事机械有限公司;SP-18S醒发箱 广州焙可达机械设备有限公司;KZ-60电热快速蒸饭柜 山东宇峰厨房设备有限公司;HH-200A多功能食品加工机 慈溪市坎墩辉豪电器厂;AD-3001-H均质器(拍打式) 芜湖辉瑞鑫仪器销售有限公司;JMTY面包体积测定仪 杭州大吉光电仪器有限公司;PHS-3E pH计 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;CR9+分光色差仪 北京市创联双马科技有限公司;Multi Test 2.5-i质构仪 沧州邦正机械设备有限责任公司;Smart Nose电子鼻 浙江浙科仪器设备有限公司。
称取250 g小麦粉、125 g老面、0.75 g干酵母、0.25 g碱面及112 g蒸馏水置于和面缸中搅拌成团,用压面机压面12次后将其分割成型,以(32±2)℃醒发60 min,然后上锅蒸制15 min即为老面馒头(LM)。
称取500 g面粉、220 g水和3.5 g干酵母加入和面缸中,和面8 min,取出面团,用压面机压面12次后将其分割成型,置于温度37 ℃、相对湿度为85%的醒发箱中醒发60 min,用蒸锅蒸制15 min后取出,冷却1 h备用,将此馒头样品命名为AQ。
根据实验室前期对工业化老面的高通量测序结果进行酵母菌和乳酸菌添加量的确定,称取500 g面粉、220 g水和发酵剂加入和面缸中,馒头制作方法同1.2.1.2。4种馒头发酵剂菌种添加量见表1。
参考曹伟超等[18]的方法并稍作修改,面团发酵1 h后称取10 g置于锥形瓶,加入90 mL蒸馏水混匀,1000 r/min均质2 min后用pH计测pH。用上述同样方法制备待测液,用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液滴定到pH8.5,记录消耗0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液体积即为面团酸度。
使用发酵特性分析仪进行面团发酵力的测定,称取50 g生胚置于发酵瓶中,设置水浴温度37 ℃、采集时间间隔5 min,共收集24 h,可得样品总产气量。
馒头去皮取芯,准确称取50 g于锥形瓶,粉碎,加入150 mL蒸馏水混匀,1000 r/min均质2 min后用pH计测pH。用上述同样方法制备待测液,用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液滴定到pH8.5,记录消耗0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液体积即为馒头酸度。
比容的测定方法参照GB/T 35991-2018。馒头的比容计算公式为:
$ \lambda =\frac{{\mathrm{V}}}{{\mathrm{m}}} $
式中:λ为馒头比容,mL/g;V为馒头体积,mL;m为馒头质量,g。
参考邢小龙[19]的方法进行色差测定,将馒头平放进行外皮色差的测定,将馒头掰开进行内瓤的色差测定,L*表示明暗度,a*表示红绿值,b*表示黄蓝值。
参考NING等[20]的方法并稍作修改,将整个馒头平行置于质构仪的载物台上,进行质地剖面分析(Texture profile analysis,TPA),以硬度、弹性、粘附性、胶粘性、咀嚼性等为评价指标。用P36压盘式探头评估,测试速率为60 mm/min,压缩形变量为50%,起始力为1 N。
参考闫博文[21]的方法并稍作修改,准确称取5 g馒头样品,粉碎后加入20 mL顶空进样瓶中,40 ℃水浴加热30 min,室温平衡15 min,使用电子鼻进行测定,电子鼻14个传感器信息如表2所示。
感官评价小组由12名训练有素的专业人员组成,包括男女各6名。小组成员对不同样品进行品评和打分,评价标准参考GB/T 35991-2018《粮油检验 小麦粉馒头加工品质评价》并稍作修改,具体见表3。
所有实验重复3次,结果以平均值±标准差表示。采用Origin 2021及Chiplot软件作图,使用SPSS软件进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA)以检验样品组间显著性。
pH能有效反映酵母在面团中的生长代谢情况,而TTA则可用于评估面团中有机酸的积累[22]。如表4所示,六种面团的pH范围为4.28~5.52,TTA范围为3.00~5.23 mL。其中,JZ组面团pH(4.28)显著低于JM组(5.52)(P<0.05),说明植物乳杆菌的添加可大大降低面团pH,植物乳杆菌在发酵过程中,能够利用面团中的糖类物质作为碳源,通过代谢活动产生乳酸、乙酸等有机酸。这些有机酸的生成,会导致面团的TTA值上升,氢离子浓度上升,pH下降[23]。FP面团pH(4.71)高于JZ组,说明食窦魏斯氏菌添加后可与植物乳杆菌竞争底物,导致添加单一乳酸菌的面团发酵过程中酸度最高[24]。
在馒头制作过程中,pH和TTA是反映馒头品质的重要指标,通过优化发酵时间或调整发酵剂用量来避免过度产酸影响口感。与LM组相比,实验组馒头的pH偏低(5.47~5.67),TTA偏高(10.38~11.80 mL),添加哈萨克斯坦酵母菌的馒头酸度显著提高(P<0.05),可能是酵母菌中葡萄糖氧化酶和少量脂肪酶在一定条件下产生有机酸导致[25]。适度的酸度可增强面筋网络强度,改善馒头弹性和持气性;但酸度过高可能引发蛋白质过度聚集,导致质地变硬。FP馒头的pH(5.47)显著低于(P<0.05)其他组,表明混菌发酵体系显著促进了有机酸的积累,导致产品酸度降低。
发酵力是检验面团及面制品品质的重要指标,发酵力过弱,无法支撑馒头蓬松,而产气量过大则会导致孔径过大、白度降低[26]。图1为六种面团24 h的总产气量变化,由图可知,AQ组产气量和产气速率远高于四种复配面团,LM组次之。JM和JS组总产气量无较大差异,表明食窦魏斯氏菌的单独添加对面团的发酵力无较大影响。在前期发酵过程中,各实验组产气速率接近,随着发酵的进行,FP和JZ产气速率下降,产气量减小,表明长时间发酵过程中植物乳杆菌的添加可能会导致面团pH的降低,影响酵母代谢,进而抑制酵母产气[27]。
质构特性是评价馒头质量好坏的重要指标,如表5所示,馒头的质构特性包括硬度、最大粘附力、粘附性、内聚性、弹性、胶粘性和咀嚼性。统计分析显示,各实验组馒头的硬度与LM组均存在显著差异(P<0.05)且均低于LM组。这一现象可能与酸化作用导致的面筋蛋白和淀粉水解有关[28],该过程能够有效改善面团的延伸性。FP组馒头表现出最佳的质构特性:硬度适中、咀嚼感良好且弹性优异。研究表明,复合乳酸菌发酵能够弥补单一菌种发酵的局限性[29],通过优化面团的微观网络结构,使成品在保持传统老面馒头特有风味的同时,兼具紧实而不失松软的理想质地特征。
比容作为评价面团品质的重要指标,能够直观反映面制品的体积膨胀程度和持气能力[30]。由表4可知,JM组比容值(2.39 mL/g)显著低于其他实验组(P<0.05),这一结果表明乳酸菌的添加能显著改善发酵面制品的比容特性,这与张爱霞等[31]的研究结论相符,比容的增加一方面是因为乳酸菌发酵增加了面团的气孔稠密度[32],另一方面是因为乳酸菌通过协同作用提高酵母菌活性,增大产气量。LM组表现出最优异的比容特性(2.67 mL/g),对馒头有较强的支撑作用,这与其良好的面筋持气性能密切相关。进一步分析发现,老面馒头制作过程中碱的添加可能是关键因素。GUO等[33]研究证实,碱不仅能够中和有机酸产生额外气体,还能通过促进蛋白质交联提高面筋网络结构强度,从而增强气体的保持能力,同时改善产品的质构特性。这一机制很好地解释了LM组馒头在保持较高弹性的同时,硬度和咀嚼性指标也相对较大的现象。
不同配方馒头表皮与内部的色泽差异分析结果如表4所示,所有样品的a*(红绿色度)值均低于b*(黄蓝色度)值,且b*值均为正值,表明各组馒头整体呈现典型的米色基调。结合L*值(明度)分析,所有样品均表现为高亮度特征,这与浅色系食品的色泽特征相吻合[34]。FP组和AQ组馒头无论是表皮还是内部组织,其L*值均显著高于LM组(P<0.05),说明两组产品具有明亮的色泽和更好的表面光洁度。除JS组馒头外,LM组表皮的L*较其他组低,其内瓤的a*、b*高于其他组,说明老面馒头呈现出独特的深黄色外观。这与老面面团产气量较大以及制作过程中碱面的添加有关,面筋蛋白含量越高,馒头表面色泽越暗、越黄[35]。
对六种馒头的挥发性气味进行电子鼻分析,结果如图2所示,六种样品对S2(硫化氢、硫化物)、S5(醇类、酮类、醛类、芳香族化合物)、S8(VOC)和S11(烷烃、乙醇、天然气、烟雾)四种传感器有较大响应值。其中,馒头对S8传感器最为敏感,VOC是指活泼的一类挥发性有机物的总称,主要包含苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯等)、氨、烷烃、酯类等,说明苯、氨、烷烃、酯类等对馒头香味贡献度最大,六种馒头在S11传感器上感应值差异较大,说明不同发酵剂对馒头中烷烃、乙醇的影响较大。烷烃类物质对馒头的整体风味贡献较小[36],醇类具有果香气味,可以与脂肪酸反应生成酯,酯类是馒头中典型的挥发性香气成分[37]。FP馒头与LM馒头在雷达图中位置几乎重合,证明FP馒头与工业化老面馒头在风味上具有高度一致性。
PCA是通过对原始数据向量进行线性变换,在保留主要信息的基础上,进行简化和降维的一种算法[38]。基于电子鼻传感器感应值进行PCA分析,如图3所示,两个主成分总贡献率为99.31%,高于95%,表明这两个主成分基本包含了样本的所有原始信息。样品JZ、JS在图中距离LM样品较远,表示这两种馒头在风味特征上与工业化老面馒头存在较大差异;样品FP、JM与LM馒头在PC1和PC2上均有重叠,说明两种馒头与老面馒头整体风味物质较接近。
使用雷达图对馒头的感官评分进行分析,分析指标包括比容、弹性、表面色泽、表面结构、内部结构、韧性、黏性和食味8项,结果如图4所示,使用哈萨克斯坦酵母-植物乳杆菌-食窦魏斯氏菌复配的发酵剂蒸制的馒头(FP组)在多个关键指标上表现优异。该组产品在弹性、表面色泽、表面结构和食味等感官特性上的评分均显著优于传统老面馒头(LM组),最终获得最高的综合评分。色泽作为馒头的重要品质属性,不仅反映产品质量,更直接影响消费者的购买决策。本研究结果表明,FP组馒头呈现出最佳的表面色泽,这可能归因于植物乳杆菌与食窦魏斯氏菌的协同发酵效应:一方面,植物乳杆菌与食窦魏斯氏菌的协同发酵能促进代谢活性;另一方面,协同作用优化发酵产物组成,从而显著改善成品色泽,这与张月等[39]结果一致。FP组馒头具有回复性佳、表面光滑有光泽、口感层次丰富等优质特征。相比之下,LM组馒头在弹性、表面色泽等指标上评分最低,这可能与其质地偏硬、咀嚼性较差以及外皮颜色发黄等缺陷有关。这些结果进一步证实复合菌种发酵在改善馒头感官品质方面的优势。
通过皮尔森相关性分析(图5)揭示了菌株与馒头品质指标之间的关联规律。研究发现,哈萨克斯坦酵母菌的添加量与馒头总滴定酸度(TTA)呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),与pH、比容、馒头外皮的ɑ*和b*呈显著负相关(P<0.05),这表明该酵母不仅能有效提升馒头的酸度,还能改善产品光泽度;通过调控哈萨克斯坦酵母的添加量可以实现馒头比容的精准调节。植物乳杆菌与馒头内瓤色差的L*呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与pH及馒头内瓤的ɑ*和b*呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。植物乳酸菌的添加可显著降低馒头pH,改善馒头的孔隙大小,从而影响馒头白度[40]。食窦魏斯氏菌的添加与最大粘附力、内聚性以及内瓤色差a*、b*呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),该菌种能有效改善馒头质构特性,使其更接近传统老面馒头的风味特征。植物乳杆菌与食窦魏斯氏菌的协同发酵能有效中和植物乳杆菌对馒头色泽的负面影响,这一发现与感官评价结果及曲红叶等[41]的关于食窦魏斯氏菌护色作用的研究相互印证。相较于安琪酵母馒头,三种发酵剂复配使用可降低馒头pH,使馒头表面呈现光滑细腻的质地和优异的光泽特性,整体品质得到显著提升。
本文比较了哈萨克斯坦酵母菌、植物乳杆菌、食窦魏斯氏菌的不同复配方式所制成的面团和馒头的基础指标、品质、风味、感官评价及相关性分析。哈萨克斯坦酵母菌拥有良好的发酵和产气能力,有助于老面风味的形成,其代谢产物中的有机酸可提高馒头酸度。植物乳杆菌可大大降低成品pH,使大分子物质水解,改善面团延伸性,增加比容。食窦魏斯氏菌护色效果良好,与植物乳杆菌复配可改变馒头色泽,赋予复配馒头良好的风味和品质,使得FP组馒头pH较低,表面富有光泽,硬度和咀嚼性适中,弹性较好。三种菌混合发酵大大改善了馒头的风味强度,电子鼻结果表明不同发酵剂对馒头中烷烃、乙醇的影响较大;通过感官评价,FP馒头评分最高,混菌发酵给予馒头丰富的口感。通过三种发酵剂的复配使用,可得到品质优秀、咀嚼性好、洁白有光泽的老面风味馒头。但对于植物乳杆菌调节馒头色差的影响机制及食窦魏斯氏菌的护色机理还不清晰,仍需进一步探究。本文明确了不同复配方式对面团理化与发酵特性及馒头品质与风味的影响,以期为老面风味发酵剂的标准化进程提供理论支撑。

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2026年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120365
  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
基金
作者信息
    1河北科技大学食品与生物学院,河北石家庄 050091
    2河北同福健康产业有限公司,河北石家庄 051430
    3河北省焙烤食品加工技术创新中心,河北石家庄 051130

通讯作者:

王成祥(1974−),男,本科,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品工程技术研究及产业化,E-mail:。
高山(1989−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:农产品加工、食品营养学,E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120365
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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