Article(id=1320881989067059978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060079, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749398400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852406994, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852406994, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852406994, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852406994, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=193, endPage=202, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881990845444875, articleId=1320881989067059978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Research on the Effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum FOSU YHD19 on Physicochemical Properties, Flavor Characteristics, and Storage Quality of Yogurt, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the limitations of traditional fermented dairy products in terms of flavor, nutrition and functional properties, this study introduces Limosilactobacillus fermentum FOSU YHD19 in synergy with a traditional starter culture. The effects of different inoculation concentrations (105~109 CFU/mL) on the quality of yogurt were systematically investigated. The fermentation process (including dynamic changes in pH, titratable acidity, water-holding capacity, and viable cell count) and storage stability were monitored, along with key indicators such as sensory properties, microstructure, and volatile flavor compounds after product maturation. The results demonstrated that the addition of FOSU YHD19 significantly enhanced fermentation performance, accelerating the acidification process (with the pH decreasing to 4.44 within 10 hours). It also effectively improved the texture characteristics of the yogurt by appropriately reducing hardness and elasticity, resulting in a denser and smoother mouthfeel. When the inoculation amount was 107 CFU/mL, the fermented dairy product exhibited the best overall quality, outperforming the traditional starter culture. Specifically, its water holding capacity reached 94.1%±0.02%, with titratable acidity of 41.2±1.0 °T. Microstructural observation revealed a denser and more uniform protein gel network. Meanwhile, its overall sensory score (106.3±4.83) was higher than that of all other treatment groups. GC-MS analysis revealed an increase in the relative content of acids, alcohols, and ketones, imparting a richer fruity and cheesy aroma to the product. Furthermore, after 28 days of storage at 4 ℃, the viable bacterial count remained above 106 CFU/mL, and all quality parameters remained stable. This study could provides both theoretical foundations and technical parameters for developing premium yogurt products with enhanced organoleptic properties and probiotic benefits.

, authors=Fang HUANG1, Shuqin LAI1, Yihan CAI1, Shaofu FENG1, Minqi HE1, Xin'an ZENG1, 2, Yanyan HUANG1, *, authorsList=Fang HUANG, Shuqin LAI, Yihan CAI, Shaofu FENG, Minqi HE, Xin'an ZENG, Yanyan HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanyan HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881992091153174, articleId=1320881989067059978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19对发酵乳的理化特性、风味及贮藏品质的影响, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决传统发酵乳制品在风味、营养及功能性上的局限,本研究引入发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19与传统发酵剂协同作用。通过系统考察了不同接种浓度(105~109 CFU/mL)对发酵乳品质的影响。通过监测发酵过程(pH、可滴定酸度、持水力及活菌数动态变化)和贮藏稳定性,以及产品后熟期的感官特性、微观结构和挥发性风味物质等关键指标。结果表明,FOSU YHD19的添加显著提升了发酵性能,加速酸化进程(发酵10 h内pH降至4.44),并能有效改善发酵乳的质构特性,适度降低产品硬度和弹性,使口感更为绵密柔滑。当接种量为107 CFU/mL时,发酵乳制品呈现最佳综合品质,效果优于传统发酵剂。具体表现为:其持水力达94.1%±0.02%,可滴定酸度为41.2±1.0°T,微观结构显示蛋白凝胶网络更致密均匀,且感官总体评分高于其他组(106.3±4.83分)。GC-MS分析显示,该处理组酸类、醇类和酮类物质相对含量提升,赋予产品更丰富的果香和奶酪香气。此外,在4 ℃条件下贮藏28 d,发酵乳活菌数仍维持在106 CFU/mL,且各项品质参数保持稳定。本研究为开发兼具优良感官特性和益生功能的高附加值发酵乳产品提供了理论支撑和技术参数。

, authors=黄芳1, 赖淑琴1, 蔡亦涵1, 冯绍夫1, 何敏淇1, 曾新安1, 2, 黄燕燕1, *, authorsList=黄芳, 赖淑琴, 蔡亦涵, 冯绍夫, 何敏淇, 曾新安, 黄燕燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄燕燕, authorNote=

黄芳(2000−),女,硕士,研究方向:微生物利用与控制,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
黄燕燕(1992−),女,博士,研究方向:微生物利用与控制,E-mail:。
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Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 984506., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882004166554500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARCO M L, SANDERS M E, GÄNZLE M, et al. The international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on fermented foods[J]. 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Lwt, 2021, 147: 111597., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881992292479767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881992300868376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, companyId=1320881992292479767, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881992309256985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, companyId=1320881992292479767, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1佛山大学食品科学与工程学院,广东省食品智能制造重点实验室,广东佛山 528225)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881992401531674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881992409920283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, companyId=1320881992401531674, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881992418308892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, companyId=1320881992401531674, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州 510641)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881996482589515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes in pH (A), titratable acidity (B), and water-holding capacity (C) of the yogurt during the fermentation period, figureFileSmall=FgRdrYEXUl2YOXftwuLBOw==, figureFileBig=HmvEcBxYbUiEMxOmzBucrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881996570669900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=图1, caption=发酵期内发酵乳pH(A)、可滴定酸度(B)、持水力(C)变化, figureFileSmall=FgRdrYEXUl2YOXftwuLBOw==, figureFileBig=HmvEcBxYbUiEMxOmzBucrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881996755219277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Scanning electron micrographs of yogurt, figureFileSmall=ibnf1vL99VVYXVaOYjACvg==, figureFileBig=ekAtt/M6vZn5zzrkkzGOOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881996822328142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=图2, caption=发酵乳扫描电镜图, figureFileSmall=ibnf1vL99VVYXVaOYjACvg==, figureFileBig=ekAtt/M6vZn5zzrkkzGOOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881997057209167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Texture properties of yogurt, figureFileSmall=Xbg7ThP+IpePNT3+IwBUJA==, figureFileBig=2dlIv5D7XreoNuwoJyypUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881997111735120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=图3, caption=发酵乳质构特性

注:不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=Xbg7ThP+IpePNT3+IwBUJA==, figureFileBig=2dlIv5D7XreoNuwoJyypUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881997174649681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Stacked bar chart (A) and radar chart (B) of sensory evaluation scores for yogurt, figureFileSmall=ZJAk4ruxDn/IdwcWvlRK7g==, figureFileBig=F9VArMjZF7/cyMbfKBX9iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881997245952850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=图4, caption=发酵乳感官评分堆积柱状图(A)和雷达图(B), figureFileSmall=ZJAk4ruxDn/IdwcWvlRK7g==, figureFileBig=F9VArMjZF7/cyMbfKBX9iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881997308867411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes in pH (A), titratable acidity (B), and water-holding capacity (C) of yogurt during storage, figureFileSmall=IJC+ZHHiNa0a8Pv4a/Ssrg==, figureFileBig=mjzZWhnR1EgxE2tCq+TJEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881997384364884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=图5, caption=贮藏期内发酵乳的pH(A)、可滴定酸度(B)、持水力(C)变化, figureFileSmall=IJC+ZHHiNa0a8Pv4a/Ssrg==, figureFileBig=mjzZWhnR1EgxE2tCq+TJEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881997455668053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental group design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验分组接种量
传统商业发酵剂
(CFU/mL)
发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU
YHD19(CFU/mL)
发酵粘液乳杆菌
YL-11(CFU/mL)
ck1×107−−
MY111×107−1×107
LF191×1071×105−
MF191×1071×107−
HF191×1071×109−
), ArticleFig(id=1320881997535359830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验分组设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验分组接种量
传统商业发酵剂
(CFU/mL)
发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU
YHD19(CFU/mL)
发酵粘液乳杆菌
YL-11(CFU/mL)
ck1×107−−
MY111×107−1×107
LF191×1071×105−
MF191×1071×107−
HF191×1071×109−
), ArticleFig(id=1320881997598274391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory scoring criteria for yogurt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准感官评分(分)
色泽
(满分20分)
色泽均匀一致,呈乳白色或微黄色,有光泽15~20
色泽基本均匀,颜色平淡,有光泽10~14
色泽不均匀,颜色较深或较浅,无光泽0~9
口感
(满分20分)
口感细腻爽滑,无砂质感15~20
口感细腻,略有砂质感10~14
口感粗糙,有砂质感0~9
滋味、气味
(满分30分)
具有高蛋白发酵乳产品特有的滋味、气味,微酸,无异味25~30
具有产品特有的滋味、气味不足,味道较酸,无异味15~24
没有产品特有的滋味、气味,味道酸,有苦味或其他异味0~14
组织状态
(满分30分)
表面柔滑,无微量乳清析出,无杂质,无气泡,组织均匀细腻,黏度适宜25~30
表面光滑,有乳清析出,无杂质,略有气泡,组织细腻,黏度适中15~24
表面不光滑,有大量乳清析出,无杂质,有气泡,组织粗糙,黏度明显下降0~14
), ArticleFig(id=1320881997677966168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

发酵乳感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准感官评分(分)
色泽
(满分20分)
色泽均匀一致,呈乳白色或微黄色,有光泽15~20
色泽基本均匀,颜色平淡,有光泽10~14
色泽不均匀,颜色较深或较浅,无光泽0~9
口感
(满分20分)
口感细腻爽滑,无砂质感15~20
口感细腻,略有砂质感10~14
口感粗糙,有砂质感0~9
滋味、气味
(满分30分)
具有高蛋白发酵乳产品特有的滋味、气味,微酸,无异味25~30
具有产品特有的滋味、气味不足,味道较酸,无异味15~24
没有产品特有的滋味、气味,味道酸,有苦味或其他异味0~14
组织状态
(满分30分)
表面柔滑,无微量乳清析出,无杂质,无气泡,组织均匀细腻,黏度适宜25~30
表面光滑,有乳清析出,无杂质,略有气泡,组织细腻,黏度适中15~24
表面不光滑,有大量乳清析出,无杂质,有气泡,组织粗糙,黏度明显下降0~14
), ArticleFig(id=1320881997753463641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes in the number of viable bacteria during the fermentation period

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(h)活菌数(×106 CFU/mL)
ckHF19MF19LF19MY11
045.00±5.00Ab42.50±4.50Ac2.15±0.05Bc0.09±0.02Cc2.75±0.05Ba
270.00±10.00Ab54.50±5.50Bc2.10±0.00Cc0.06±0.01Dc2.45±0.15Ca
4105.00±15.00Ba315.00±15.00Ab5.10±0.80Cb0.33±0.04Eb2.50±0.00Da
620.00±0.00Bc430.00±30.00Aa8.75±0.35Ca0.08±0.06Ec0.40±0.20Dc
811.00±0.00Ad4.00±1.00Bd1.75±0.65Ccd0.66±0.03Da1.15±0.55Cb
100.59±0.00Ce7.00±1.00Ad1.05±0.25Bd0.69±0.04Ca1.10±0.10Bb
), ArticleFig(id=1320881997833155418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

发酵期内活菌数的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(h)活菌数(×106 CFU/mL)
ckHF19MF19LF19MY11
045.00±5.00Ab42.50±4.50Ac2.15±0.05Bc0.09±0.02Cc2.75±0.05Ba
270.00±10.00Ab54.50±5.50Bc2.10±0.00Cc0.06±0.01Dc2.45±0.15Ca
4105.00±15.00Ba315.00±15.00Ab5.10±0.80Cb0.33±0.04Eb2.50±0.00Da
620.00±0.00Bc430.00±30.00Aa8.75±0.35Ca0.08±0.06Ec0.40±0.20Dc
811.00±0.00Ad4.00±1.00Bd1.75±0.65Ccd0.66±0.03Da1.15±0.55Cb
100.59±0.00Ce7.00±1.00Ad1.05±0.25Bd0.69±0.04Ca1.10±0.10Bb
), ArticleFig(id=1320881997908652891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Volatile flavor compounds in yogurt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物名称相对含量(%)
ckHF19MF19LF19MY11
酸类
15-二甲氨基-1,3-苯二甲酸1.60NDNDNDND
2丁酸0.890.691.100.482.00
3己酸4.302.603.301.8010.40
4辛酸2.501.201.400.763.40
5N-甲酰-L-丙氨酸28.00NDNDNDND
6冰乙酸ND6.302.900.393.40
7乙基硼酸ND0.28NDNDND
8异辛酸ND0.14ND0.13ND
9癸酸NDND0.090.06ND
102-甲基己酸NDND0.06NDND
11异戊酸NDND0.06NDND
12正戊酸NDND1.400.760.20
132,3-二氢苯并呋喃-5-丙酸NDNDND0.10ND
142-氯苯甲酸NDNDND0.11ND
总计37.2914.3110.314.5919.40
醇类
15乙醇2.5014.000.760.231.50
161-戊醇1.200.240.360.220.95
17正己醇0.370.500.430.310.36
181-庚醇0.22ND0.130.06ND
192-庚醇ND1.401.80NDND
204-甲基-1-己醇ND0.110.13ND0.18
212-壬醇ND0.360.23NDND
22(2S,3S)-(+)-2,3-丁二醇ND0.28ND0.33ND
23(±)-5-甲基-2-己醇ND0.09NDNDND
24(S)-(+)-2-庚醇ND1.40NDNDND
25DL-2-氨基丙醇NDND0.46NDND
261,3-二氧戊环-2-甲醇NDND0.82NDND
273-甲基-1-丁醇NDND0.660.19ND
281-辛醇NDND0.050.03ND
29(2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-丁二醇NDND3.50ND4.30
303-甲基-1-己醇NDND0.07NDND
总计4.2918.389.404.958.58
酮类
312,3-戊二酮0.47ND0.280.181.60
322-庚酮12.000.401.602.9011.00
333-羟基-2-丁酮8.40NDNDNDND
342-壬酮2.501.401.000.692.00
35甲基壬基甲酮0.60ND0.29NDND
36丙酮NDND1.602.9012.60
37乙偶姻NDND2.509.700.71
382,3-丁二酮NDNDND5.50ND
392,2,3-三甲基环丁酮NDNDND0.22ND
402-十一酮NDNDND0.170.58
412-戊酮NDNDNDND1.60
422,5-哌嗪二酮NDNDNDND2.30
总计23.971.807.2722.2632.39
酯类
43邻苯二甲酸二丁酯11.00NDNDNDND
44丙烯酸乙烯酯ND0.12NDNDND
45偶氮二甲酸二乙酯ND0.62NDNDND
46顺丁二烯酸二烯丙酯ND0.15NDNDND
47丁炔二酸二甲酯ND2.20NDNDND
48N-(4-乙基苯甲酰基)-L-丙氨酸庚酯NDND0.29NDND
49亚硝酸乙酯NDND2.90ND2.50
50丙酮酸丙酯NDNDND5.50ND
总计11.563.093.195.582.79
醛类
512,3-二甲基戊醛NDND0.29NDND
总计0.000.000.290.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320881999573791580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

发酵乳的挥发性风味物质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物名称相对含量(%)
ckHF19MF19LF19MY11
酸类
15-二甲氨基-1,3-苯二甲酸1.60NDNDNDND
2丁酸0.890.691.100.482.00
3己酸4.302.603.301.8010.40
4辛酸2.501.201.400.763.40
5N-甲酰-L-丙氨酸28.00NDNDNDND
6冰乙酸ND6.302.900.393.40
7乙基硼酸ND0.28NDNDND
8异辛酸ND0.14ND0.13ND
9癸酸NDND0.090.06ND
102-甲基己酸NDND0.06NDND
11异戊酸NDND0.06NDND
12正戊酸NDND1.400.760.20
132,3-二氢苯并呋喃-5-丙酸NDNDND0.10ND
142-氯苯甲酸NDNDND0.11ND
总计37.2914.3110.314.5919.40
醇类
15乙醇2.5014.000.760.231.50
161-戊醇1.200.240.360.220.95
17正己醇0.370.500.430.310.36
181-庚醇0.22ND0.130.06ND
192-庚醇ND1.401.80NDND
204-甲基-1-己醇ND0.110.13ND0.18
212-壬醇ND0.360.23NDND
22(2S,3S)-(+)-2,3-丁二醇ND0.28ND0.33ND
23(±)-5-甲基-2-己醇ND0.09NDNDND
24(S)-(+)-2-庚醇ND1.40NDNDND
25DL-2-氨基丙醇NDND0.46NDND
261,3-二氧戊环-2-甲醇NDND0.82NDND
273-甲基-1-丁醇NDND0.660.19ND
281-辛醇NDND0.050.03ND
29(2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-丁二醇NDND3.50ND4.30
303-甲基-1-己醇NDND0.07NDND
总计4.2918.389.404.958.58
酮类
312,3-戊二酮0.47ND0.280.181.60
322-庚酮12.000.401.602.9011.00
333-羟基-2-丁酮8.40NDNDNDND
342-壬酮2.501.401.000.692.00
35甲基壬基甲酮0.60ND0.29NDND
36丙酮NDND1.602.9012.60
37乙偶姻NDND2.509.700.71
382,3-丁二酮NDNDND5.50ND
392,2,3-三甲基环丁酮NDNDND0.22ND
402-十一酮NDNDND0.170.58
412-戊酮NDNDNDND1.60
422,5-哌嗪二酮NDNDNDND2.30
总计23.971.807.2722.2632.39
酯类
43邻苯二甲酸二丁酯11.00NDNDNDND
44丙烯酸乙烯酯ND0.12NDNDND
45偶氮二甲酸二乙酯ND0.62NDNDND
46顺丁二烯酸二烯丙酯ND0.15NDNDND
47丁炔二酸二甲酯ND2.20NDNDND
48N-(4-乙基苯甲酰基)-L-丙氨酸庚酯NDND0.29NDND
49亚硝酸乙酯NDND2.90ND2.50
50丙酮酸丙酯NDNDND5.50ND
总计11.563.093.195.582.79
醛类
512,3-二甲基戊醛NDND0.29NDND
总计0.000.000.290.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320881999666066269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Changes in viable bacterial counts during storage period

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时间(d)活菌数(×106 CFU/mL)
ckHF19MF19LF19MY11
00.59±0.00Cb7.00±1.00Ae1.05±0.25Bcd0.69±0.04Ca1.10±0.10Bc
71.43±0.00Cb12.85±0.05Ad5.75±0.15Ba0.12±0.01Dd2.60±0.10Ca
149.87±0.72Ba26.53±1.51Ab4.57±0.75Cb0.29±0.01Ec1.90±0.23Db
2110.17±0.76Ba23.43±0.99Ac1.69±0.20Cc0.45±0.10Db1.90±0.36Cb
281.28±0.03Bb43.63±2.97Aa1.50±0.68Bc0.20±0.01Cc0.25±0.04Cd
), ArticleFig(id=1320881999737369438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881989067059978, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

贮藏期内活菌数的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(d)活菌数(×106 CFU/mL)
ckHF19MF19LF19MY11
00.59±0.00Cb7.00±1.00Ae1.05±0.25Bcd0.69±0.04Ca1.10±0.10Bc
71.43±0.00Cb12.85±0.05Ad5.75±0.15Ba0.12±0.01Dd2.60±0.10Ca
149.87±0.72Ba26.53±1.51Ab4.57±0.75Cb0.29±0.01Ec1.90±0.23Db
2110.17±0.76Ba23.43±0.99Ac1.69±0.20Cc0.45±0.10Db1.90±0.36Cb
281.28±0.03Bb43.63±2.97Aa1.50±0.68Bc0.20±0.01Cc0.25±0.04Cd
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黄芳 1 , 赖淑琴 1 , 蔡亦涵 1 , 冯绍夫 1 , 何敏淇 1 , 曾新安 1, 2 , 黄燕燕 1, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(16): 193-202
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发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19对发酵乳的理化特性、风味及贮藏品质的影响
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黄芳(2000−),女,硕士,研究方向:微生物利用与控制,E-mail:

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黄芳1 , 赖淑琴1, 蔡亦涵1, 冯绍夫1, 何敏淇1, 曾新安1, 2, 黄燕燕1, *
作者信息
  • 1佛山大学食品科学与工程学院,广东省食品智能制造重点实验室,广东佛山 528225
  • 2华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州 510641
通讯作者:
黄燕燕(1992−),女,博士,研究方向:微生物利用与控制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

黄芳(2000−),女,硕士,研究方向:微生物利用与控制,E-mail:

Research on the Effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum FOSU YHD19 on Physicochemical Properties, Flavor Characteristics, and Storage Quality of Yogurt
Fang HUANG1 , Shuqin LAI1, Yihan CAI1, Shaofu FENG1, Minqi HE1, Xin'an ZENG1, 2, Yanyan HUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
  • 2School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060079
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为解决传统发酵乳制品在风味、营养及功能性上的局限,本研究引入发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19与传统发酵剂协同作用。通过系统考察了不同接种浓度(105~109 CFU/mL)对发酵乳品质的影响。通过监测发酵过程(pH、可滴定酸度、持水力及活菌数动态变化)和贮藏稳定性,以及产品后熟期的感官特性、微观结构和挥发性风味物质等关键指标。结果表明,FOSU YHD19的添加显著提升了发酵性能,加速酸化进程(发酵10 h内pH降至4.44),并能有效改善发酵乳的质构特性,适度降低产品硬度和弹性,使口感更为绵密柔滑。当接种量为107 CFU/mL时,发酵乳制品呈现最佳综合品质,效果优于传统发酵剂。具体表现为:其持水力达94.1%±0.02%,可滴定酸度为41.2±1.0°T,微观结构显示蛋白凝胶网络更致密均匀,且感官总体评分高于其他组(106.3±4.83分)。GC-MS分析显示,该处理组酸类、醇类和酮类物质相对含量提升,赋予产品更丰富的果香和奶酪香气。此外,在4 ℃条件下贮藏28 d,发酵乳活菌数仍维持在106 CFU/mL,且各项品质参数保持稳定。本研究为开发兼具优良感官特性和益生功能的高附加值发酵乳产品提供了理论支撑和技术参数。

发酵粘液乳杆菌  /  发酵乳  /  品质分析  /  挥发性风味物质  /  贮藏品质

To address the limitations of traditional fermented dairy products in terms of flavor, nutrition and functional properties, this study introduces Limosilactobacillus fermentum FOSU YHD19 in synergy with a traditional starter culture. The effects of different inoculation concentrations (105~109 CFU/mL) on the quality of yogurt were systematically investigated. The fermentation process (including dynamic changes in pH, titratable acidity, water-holding capacity, and viable cell count) and storage stability were monitored, along with key indicators such as sensory properties, microstructure, and volatile flavor compounds after product maturation. The results demonstrated that the addition of FOSU YHD19 significantly enhanced fermentation performance, accelerating the acidification process (with the pH decreasing to 4.44 within 10 hours). It also effectively improved the texture characteristics of the yogurt by appropriately reducing hardness and elasticity, resulting in a denser and smoother mouthfeel. When the inoculation amount was 107 CFU/mL, the fermented dairy product exhibited the best overall quality, outperforming the traditional starter culture. Specifically, its water holding capacity reached 94.1%±0.02%, with titratable acidity of 41.2±1.0 °T. Microstructural observation revealed a denser and more uniform protein gel network. Meanwhile, its overall sensory score (106.3±4.83) was higher than that of all other treatment groups. GC-MS analysis revealed an increase in the relative content of acids, alcohols, and ketones, imparting a richer fruity and cheesy aroma to the product. Furthermore, after 28 days of storage at 4 ℃, the viable bacterial count remained above 106 CFU/mL, and all quality parameters remained stable. This study could provides both theoretical foundations and technical parameters for developing premium yogurt products with enhanced organoleptic properties and probiotic benefits.

Limosilactobacillus fermentum  /  yogurt  /  quality analysis  /  volatile flavor compounds  /  quality during storage
黄芳, 赖淑琴, 蔡亦涵, 冯绍夫, 何敏淇, 曾新安, 黄燕燕. 发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19对发酵乳的理化特性、风味及贮藏品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 193 -202 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060079
Fang HUANG, Shuqin LAI, Yihan CAI, Shaofu FENG, Minqi HE, Xin'an ZENG, Yanyan HUANG. Research on the Effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum FOSU YHD19 on Physicochemical Properties, Flavor Characteristics, and Storage Quality of Yogurt[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 193 -202 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060079
益生菌(Probiotics)是一类活性微生物,当摄入量足够时,对宿主健康十分有益[1]。根据欧盟安全资格认证(QPS)体系规定,目前允许使用的益生菌菌种共计52种。这些菌种主要分为四大类:34种乳酸菌、10种芽孢杆菌、5种双歧杆菌以及3种葡萄球菌[2]。在食品发酵工业中,乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus spp.)微生物因其优良的发酵特性和益生功能而得到最为广泛的应用[3]。发酵粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)是发酵食品中的优势微生物,不仅可以提高食品的品质和风味,还具有安全性和多种益生功能,包括降解尿酸、抑制肠道有害菌群、缓解肠道疾病、增强机体免疫力、抗氧化、抗衰老等[4−5]。
发酵粘液乳杆菌在发酵乳制品中的应用研究已取得显著进展。于素素等[6]通过将发酵粘液乳杆菌HY01应用于牦牛酸奶发酵,证实该菌株不仅能显著改善产品质构和风味特性,还具有调节肠道菌群的益生功能。Lim等[7]利用传统泡菜中分离获得的发酵粘液乳杆菌KU200060作为发酵剂时,其制备的酸奶在感官品质和理化指标方面均表现出优良特性,且消费者接受度与传统发酵剂无显著差异。在作用机制研究方面,Wei等[8]发现该菌株产生的中性多糖能有效填充酪蛋白凝胶网络空隙,显著提升发酵乳的持水性和黏弹性。Aziz等[9]通过多因素评价筛选出的发酵粘液乳杆菌NPL280在4 ℃贮藏条件下仍能维持发酵水牛奶较高的活菌数(>108 CFU/mL)达7 d,且感官评分处于可接受范围。以上研究表明,该菌株在发酵乳制品中展现出良好的应用前景。发酵乳制品的品质特性直接影响消费者的感官体验和健康效益。当前传统发酵剂在风味多样性、营养价值和功能特性等方面已难以满足市场多元化需求,因此亟需开发新型益生菌发酵体系。
基于此,本研究以课题组前期从泡菜中分离获得的发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19为研究对象,针对目前发酵乳制品中该菌株最适添加量研究缺失的问题,系统考察了不同接种浓度(105~109 CFU/mL)对发酵乳品质的影响,为开发兼具优良感官品质和功能特性的新型发酵乳制品提供了理论依据和技术参数。
发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19 由课题组前期从泡菜中分离筛选得到,并于2024年3月6日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC NO.64389;发酵粘液乳杆菌YL-11 商业对照菌株,购于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC 1.1796;传统商业发酵剂 由佛山大学广东省食品智能制造重点实验室提供(含保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌,接种比例为1:1:1 CFU/mL);MRS肉汤培养基、琼脂粉 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司;酚酞指示剂(AR)、氢氧化钠(AR)、2.5%戊二醛溶液、PBS缓冲液、氯化钠(AR)、无水乙醇(AR) 阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;全脂乳粉、白砂糖 中国佛山本地大润发超市。
Thermo 1386生物安全柜、Quattro S环境扫描电镜 赛默飞世尔科技公司;HS-250HC-11恒温培养箱 上海-恒科学仪器有限公司;H2-16KR台式高速离心机 湖南可成仪器设备有限公司;XFH-30CA电热式蒸汽压力灭菌锅 中友机械制造有限公司;FiveEasy Plus型pH计 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;7890B/5799A气相色谱质谱联用仪 安捷伦科技有限公司;TA.XTplus质构仪 上海瑞玢智能科技有限公司。
将甘油保藏的发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19和YL-11于室温解冻后,接种于MRS肉汤培养基中,37 ℃恒温培养12 h进行初次活化。取活化后的菌液按1%(v/v)接种量转接至新鲜MRS培养基,相同条件下进行二次活化。离心(8000×g,10 min,4 ℃)收集菌体,并用无菌PBS缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,pH7.4)洗涤3次以去除培养基残留,最终菌体重悬于PBS中,4 ℃保存备用。
首先将全脂乳粉(11.5%,m/v)和白砂糖(6.5%,m/v)溶解于65 ℃蒸馏水中,持续搅拌15 min使其充分混匀,随后将混合液分装至无菌发酵罐中密封,于65 ℃条件下进行30 min巴氏杀菌,杀菌完成后立即冷却。按照表1所示的实验分组分别添加传统商业发酵剂和不同浓度的发酵粘液乳杆菌菌悬液,充分搅拌混匀后密封,置于37 ℃恒温培养箱中发酵至凝乳形成且pH降至4.5左右。最终将发酵产物转移至4 ℃冰箱中进行24 h冷藏后熟处理,以获得品质稳定的发酵乳终产品。
在发酵期间的0、2、4、6、8、10 h分别取样,经充分振荡混匀后,准确量取0.1 mL样品加入0.9 mL无菌生理盐水中,进行梯度稀释。采用稀释涂布平板法,每个稀释梯度取100 μL菌液涂布于MRS琼脂平板,37 ℃培养48 h后,选择菌落数为30~300 CFU的平板进行计数。
在发酵期间的0、2、4、6、8、10 h分别取样,用手持pH计测量pH,取3个平行样品的平均值,精确至小数点后两位。在相同时间点分别取1 g样品并加入4 mL蒸馏水,根据Huang等[10]的方法测定发酵乳的可滴定酸度。
参考Huang等[10]的方法加以改进,在发酵期间的0、2、4、6、8、10 h分别取5 g样品置于离心管中,记录总质量(m1)。4 ℃下8000 r/min离心8 min,弃上清液后称重(m2)。根据式(1)计算发酵乳的持水力:
$ \rm {持水力(\text{%})}=\frac{{\text{m}}_{2}}{{\text{m}}_{1}}\times 100 $
取1 mL后熟发酵乳样品离心(8000×g,5 min,4 ℃)洗涤三次后,加入1 mL 2.5%戊二醛溶液,在4 ℃条件下固定12 h。固定完成后洗净固定液,加入不同浓度乙醇溶液进行梯度脱水(30%~100%),脱水后的样品在通风橱风干6 h,采用离子溅射方法镀金后通过扫描电镜观察并拍照。
采用TA.XTplus质构仪(ABE探头,直径40 mm)测定发酵乳的质构特性。测试条件:压缩模式,测试距离30 mm,测前及测试速度均为1.0 mm/s,测后速度为10.0 mm/s。
准确称取5.0 g发酵乳样品,采用50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头进行顶空固相微萃取。萃取条件:250 ℃老化3 min,50 ℃吸附30 min,250 ℃解吸5 min。程序升温模式:初始温度35 ℃保持3 min,以4 ℃/min升至140 ℃保持1 min,再以10 ℃/min升至250 ℃保持3 min。质谱分析采用电子轰击电离(EI)源,电离能量70 eV,离子源温度230 ℃,传输线温度280 ℃,质量扫描范围m/z 33~450,发射电流100 μA。获得的质谱数据通过NIST 11标准谱库进行检索匹配,设定匹配度阈值≥80,仅保留匹配分数达标的挥发性化合物。采用峰面积归一化法定量分析各挥发性成分的相对含量,根据式(2)进行计算,Ci为第i种挥发性物质相对百分含量;Ai为该物质色谱峰面积;An为所有检出挥发性组分总峰面积。
$ \rm Ci(\text{%})=\frac{Ai}{An}\times100 $
参考GB 19301-2010《食品安全国家标准 发酵乳》对发酵乳进行感官评价,选取20名食品感官评定志愿者(男女各半,年龄20~35岁)参与样品评价。评定在标准感官实验室(温度24±1 ℃,相对湿度60%±5%)中进行,评价指标包括色泽(20分)、口感(30分)、滋味与气味(30分)和组织状态(20分)四个维度,具体评分标准详见表2。评定前样品均以随机三位数编号,并置于白色一次性品尝杯中,在4 ℃条件下呈递。每个样品间隔5 min以避免感官疲劳。最终结果取各指标得分的算术平均值作为样品感官品质评价依据。
后熟完成的发酵乳于4 ℃冰箱贮藏28 d,在第0、7、14、21和28 d分别取样测定活菌数、pH、可滴定酸度以及持水力,测定方法同1.2.3小节。
实验数据均以均值±标准差(x±s)形式呈现,每组实验重复三次。采用SPSS 27.0和Origin 2018软件进行数据处理和作图,运用单因素方差分析和独立样本t检验等方法进行组间差异比较,显著性水平设定为0.05。
活菌数作为评价发酵乳品质的关键指标,直接影响产品的感官特性和功能特性[11]。如表3所示,不同处理组的活菌数动态变化呈现显著差异。ck组、HF19组和MF19组的活菌数均呈现先升高后降低趋势,其中HF19组在发酵中期(4~6 h)表现出最强的增殖能力。相比之下,LF19组的菌体活性整体较低,而MY11组则表现出较好的稳定性。值得注意的是,在相同接种量(107 CFU/mL)条件下,发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19的活菌数显著高于对照菌株YL-11(P<0.05),表明该菌株更适应发酵乳的生长环境。发酵终点时,除LF19组外,其余各组活菌数均出现下降,这主要归因于乳酸积累导致的pH降低对菌体生长的抑制作用。研究结果证实,当FOSU YHD19接种量为109 CFU/mL时,可获得最佳的菌体生长性能,这与其较强的酸耐受性和代谢活性密切相关。
pH是监测发酵过程的关键参数,也是判定发酵终点的重要指标,通常以pH=4.5作为酸奶发酵完成的临界值[12]。当pH降到4.5左右时,牛奶中的酪蛋白会凝固,形成酸奶的质地,同时抑制有害菌的生长,确保食品安全[13]。如图1A所示,除HF19组外,各处理组初始pH均为6.70±0.05,在发酵前4 h内pH未见显著变化,这可能与乳酸菌的生长迟滞期有关。HF19组因菌体浓度较高,pH下降速率显著快于其他组别(P<0.05)。6~10 h为快速产酸期,各处理组pH均显著下降,其中HF19组在10 h时pH最低(4.44±0.02),已达标发酵终点;而LF19组pH最高(5.72±0.03),尚未达到理想凝固点。相应地,可滴定酸度测定结果显示,HF19组酸度最高(41.2±1.0°T),各处理组酸度值与pH变化呈显著负相关(P<0.05)(图1B),这与酪蛋白在pH4.5~4.6时发生等电点沉淀形成凝胶结构的理论相符[14]。这些结果表明,FOSU YHD19能通过调节产酸代谢显著影响发酵进程,其作用效果具有剂量依赖性特征。持水力是表征发酵乳胶体稳定性的重要指标,直接影响产品的质构特性和贮藏品质[15]。如图1C所示,各组整体均呈上升的趋势,当FOSU YHD19 添加量为107 CFU/mL时,发酵乳的持水力高于其他组,最高为94.1%±0.02%。HF19组的持水力在8~10 h降低,可能是由于过度酸化导致蛋白质结构破坏,乳清析出增加[14]。
凝固型发酵乳的凝胶性质的变化通常与配方的改变相关联,这会直接影响凝胶的微观结构[16]。牛乳中的脂肪通常以小球体或小液滴的形式存在,并形成乳脂球膜覆盖于发酵乳外层[17]。如图2所示,与ck组相比,其他实验组均表现出更致密、均匀的微观结构,且孔隙结构的致密程度与FOSU YHD19接种量呈正相关。其中,HF19组样品表面可见明显的颗粒状物质和局部孔洞,这可能是由于乳清蛋白未完全溶解导致的凝胶网络不均匀现象[18]。MF19组则因较强的乳酸发酵作用导致pH快速下降,使蛋白质静电斥力增大,形成表面粗糙和裂缝结构。值得注意的是,ck组和MY11组样品呈现较多的不规则孔隙结构,这种结构缺陷可能导致产品质地松散和持水力下降。以上结果表明,FOSU YHD19的添加能有效改善发酵乳凝胶网络的均匀性和致密性。
发酵乳的质构特性是评价其品质的重要指标,直接影响产品的物理特性和感官接受度[19]。本研究通过质构仪分析了硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性等关键参数的变化规律。结果表明,不同处理组的硬度未呈现显著差异(P>0.05),但值得注意的是,接种FOSU YHD19的HF19、LF19组以及MY11组硬度值均低于ck组(图3A)。在弹性指标方面,所有接种发酵粘液乳杆菌的处理组均低于ck组(图3B),这可能是由于乳酸菌发酵过程中产生的有机酸和蛋白酶改变了酪蛋白胶束的交联程度,导致凝胶网络结构更为松散[19]。此外,各组在黏性和恢复力关键质构参数上均未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。综合各质构参数可知,FOSU YHD19菌株能有效改善发酵乳的质构特性。
本试验通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)检测分析后熟完成的5组发酵乳中的挥发性物质。如表4所示,所有发酵乳中共检测到51种挥发性风味化合物,其中醇类化合物16种,醛类化合物1种,酮类化合物12种,酯类化合物8种以及酸类化合物14种。
醇类化合物作为乳酸菌发酵过程中的特征代谢产物,主要通过糖酵解途径及氨基酸分解代谢产生[20]。如表4所示,HF19组醇类物质的相对含量最高(18.38%),高于其他实验组(MF19组9.40%、MY11组8.58%、LF19组4.95%)和ck组(4.29%)。这一差异可能与不同处理组中乳酸菌代谢活性的差异密切相关。在检测到的醇类物质中,乙醇、1-戊醇和正己醇为各组共有成分。特别值得关注的是,1-戊醇和正己醇作为重要的风味活性物质,具有典型的水果香(如香蕉、苹果)和花香(如玫瑰)特征。
发酵乳的奶香味主要来自酮类化合物,使发酵乳具有更浓郁的风味,此外,酮类的存在还可使发酵乳产生果香味,其风味阈值通常较低,对发酵乳的整体风味有较大影响[21]。在所有组别中,均检测到2-庚酮和2-壬酮物质,它们赋予发酵乳花香味、果味(2-庚酮有类似梨的香味)和霉味[22]。其中,ck组2-庚酮含量(12.0%)最高,LF19、MF19和HF19组含量依次为2.9%、1.6%和0.4%(表4),即2-庚酮产量随着发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19接种量增加而降低。类似地,ck组中也检测到最高含量的2-壬酮,为2.50%,而由HF19、MF19、LF19组中检测结果可知,随着发酵粘液乳杆菌添加量的增加,2-壬酮的产量随之升高,依次为1.4%、1.0%和0.69%(表4)。2,3-戊二酮也赋予发酵乳独特风味,在MF19、LF19和MY11组中均检测出该化合物,分别为0.28%、0.18%和1.6%。值得注意的是,LF19组和MY11组中检测出乙偶姻,含量分别为2.5%、9.7%和0.71%(表4)。乙偶姻又名3-羟基丁酮,通常通过乳酸菌先将柠檬酸转化为丙酮酸,丙酮酸的一部分进一步转化为各种风味化合物,如双乙酰和乙偶姻[22],该化合物是发酵乳制品中的常见风味物质,具有弱奶油香味,略带甜味,能缓和双乙酰产生的过于强烈的奶油味[23]。总体上看,与CK组和MY11组对比,发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19的加入使得发酵乳中的酮类化合物种类增多,可能因此赋予发酵乳更丰富的风味。
在乳制品发酵过程中,乳酸菌常会产生低浓度的酯类化合物,使发酵乳拥有果香味,具有较低的风味阈值的特点[24]。检测发现,HF19的酯类种类均高于其余组别,但是ck组的酯类含量明显多于其余组(表4)。MF19、LF19组仅检测出两种酯类化合物,可能是由于FOSU YHD19能产出相关酯酶,且发酵乳后熟完成拥有较多酸类物质,进而在酸性条件下,酯酶催化酯类化合物水解产生酸和醇类化合物[25],这也从一定程度上反映了除ck组外的所有组别均含有较多的醇类物质。
酸奶中的挥发性酸类物质是发酵乳的典型化合物,在风味方面是不可或缺的存在,且可作为前体,转化为酯类和醇类化合物[26]。在5组样品中一共检测出15种化合物,其中五组发酵乳均有的酸类化合物分别为丁酸、己酸、辛酸(表4)。己酸为发酵乳提供奶酪香气与乳制品独特的甜味,分别为4.3%、2.6%、3.3%、1.8%和10.4%,辛酸则提供果香味[10],分别为2.5%、1.2%、1.4%、0.76%、3.4%(表4)。由此可知,当发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19的接种量为107 CFU/mL时,发酵乳的风味特征得到显著优化。
醛类化合物作为发酵乳中重要的风味前体物质,主要通过氨基酸降解途径形成:氨基酸首先转化为α-酮酸,随后在脱羧酶作用下生成相应的醛类化合物[27]。然而本研究发现,与其他挥发性成分相比,醛类物质的种类和含量均相对较少。仅在MF19组检测到2,3-二甲基戊醛(0.29%),其余处理组均未检出(表4)。这一现象可能与醛类化合物的代谢特性有关,在后熟过程中,醛类物质易被进一步还原为相应的醇类或氧化为酸类化合物,导致其最终残留量较低[27]。
总体而言,发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19的添加显著改变了发酵乳中挥发性风味物质的组成特征。与对照组相比,实验组中酸类和醇类物质的含量明显增加,这主要源于醛类和酯类化合物的代谢转化。在发酵过程中,醛类物质易被氧化为相应的有机酸,而酯类则通过水解反应生成醇类化合物。这一发现与李亚凤[4]的研究结果相吻合,其研究同样证实发酵粘液乳杆菌能够促进酸奶中风味物质的积累。
发酵乳因配方及加工方法的不同可产生各种感官特性,如色泽、口感、风味、组织状态,这是消费者所能直观感受的发酵乳质量属性[28]。如图4所示,各组在色泽和口感方面差异不显著,均呈现典型的乳白色或微黄色外观,且具有均匀的光泽度和细腻爽滑的质地特征。值得注意的是,HF19组由于酸度较高(41±1°T),其滋味评分低于其他组别,且观察到明显的乳清析出现象。相比之下,MF19组(接种量107 CFU/mL)展现出最优的综合感官品质,总评分达106.3±4.83分,这主要得益于其适中的酸度和稳定的凝胶结构。研究结果表明,发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19的接种量显著影响产品感官特性,其中107 CFU/mL的接种浓度最有利于平衡产品的风味特征和质构特性。
根据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)的标准要求,发酵乳中的活菌数应不低于106 CFU/mL[29]。如表5所示,发酵乳ck组、MF19组、LF19组和MY11组在贮藏期间的活菌数变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势。除LF19组外,其余实验组在21 d的贮藏期内均符合FAO/WHO的活菌数标准要求,维持在106 CFU/mL。进一步参照国际乳品联合会(International Dairy Federation)对发酵乳的更严格标准(活菌数>107 CFU/mL)[30],结果显示在贮藏第28 d时,ck组和HF19组仍能达到该标准要求。
pH和酸度变化是评价发酵乳贮藏稳定性的重要指标。如图5A所示,除ck组外,各实验组样品在贮藏28 d时的pH均保持在4.5左右。样品的可滴定酸度则呈现上升趋势,同样在贮藏初期(0~7 d)上升最为显著,后期变化趋于平缓。这种变化可能与发酵粘液乳杆菌的代谢活性密切相关。在贮藏初期,菌体处于旺盛的代谢状态,能够快速利用乳中营养物质产生大量乳酸,这可能导致酸度不断升高[31]。值得注意的是,接种FOSU YHD19菌株的实验组表现出更显著的酸度上升趋势,这进一步证实了该菌株具有优良的产酸能力和贮藏稳定性。不同处理组发酵乳在贮藏期间的持水力变化呈现明显差异(图5C)。ck组表现出独特的动态特征:在贮藏初期(0~7 d)持水力出现短暂回升(从初始值92.75%±0.02%升至93.42%±0.03%),随后在7~21 d显著(P<0.05)下降至78.50%±0.08%。与之相比,各实验组均呈现持续下降趋势。
本研究系统探究了发酵粘液乳杆菌FOSU YHD19对发酵乳品质的调控作用。研究表明,添加FOSU YHD19菌株能显著提升发酵乳的综合品质。该菌株有效加速了发酵酸化过程,并协同改善了产品的质构特性,通过适度调整硬度和弹性,使成品口感更加绵密柔滑。在最佳接种量(107 CFU/mL)下,其发酵乳的综合品质优于传统发酵剂,具体表现为极高的持水力、适宜的口酸度以及致密均匀的蛋白凝胶微观结构,感官接受度也显著提高。风味分析证实,该处理促进了酸类、醇类和酮类等风味物质的形成,赋予了产品更丰富协调的香气。此外,产品在冷藏条件下展现出优异的贮藏稳定性,活菌数在整个保质期内始终保持较高水平(>106 CFU/mL),且各项品质参数保持稳定。本研究为开发高品质发酵乳提供了理论依据,但产品风味调控仍需进一步优化,后续研究需进一步完善实验设计以验证风味物质变化的可重复性。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060079
  • 接收时间:2025-06-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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    1佛山大学食品科学与工程学院,广东省食品智能制造重点实验室,广东佛山 528225
    2华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州 510641

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黄燕燕(1992−),女,博士,研究方向:微生物利用与控制,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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