Article(id=1320881946759119761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060221, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750262400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852396906, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852396906, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852396906, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852396906, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=479, endPage=488, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881946985612178, articleId=1320881946759119761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Research on the Preparation, Properties and Applications of Oleogel-structured Emulsions, columnId=1261343851327906245, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Traditional emulsions consist of two or more immiscible phase systems, where one liquid is dispersed as small droplets in the other. Oleogel-structured emulsions (OGEs) are a novel type of emulsion system. They are prepared by incorporating food-grade gelling agents into the liquid oil phase of traditional emulsions; after crystallization or self-assembly, the gelling agents solidify to form a three-dimensional network structure that encapsulates the liquid oil. Consequently, OGEs can be used as substitutes for plastic fats, combining the health benefits of liquid oils (reducing trans and saturated fatty acids) with the advantages of solid fats: facilitating texture formation (e.g., in ice cream and margarine), restricting oil droplet migration, blocking oxygen, and delaying fat digestion. Currently, OGEs have been widely applied in the encapsulation of bioactive substances. Compared with traditional emulsions, OGEs exhibit superior stability and higher encapsulation and delivery efficiency. This review summarizes the preparation methods, physicochemical properties, and food applications of OGEs. It aims to explore the mechanisms of OGEs for encapsulating bioactive substances or nutritionally functional ingredients, provide strategies for replacing solid fats in specific foods and constructing efficient and stable emulsion-based delivery systems for bioactive substances, enhance the stability and bioavailability of encapsulated substances, and lay a theoretical foundation for their applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

, authors=Xiaohui XU1, Jinju CHENG1, 2, *, authorsList=Xiaohui XU, Jinju CHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jinju CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881948147434393, articleId=1320881946759119761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=油凝胶结构化乳液的制备、性质和应用研究进展, columnId=1261343852603031688, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=专题综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

传统乳液由两种或多种互不相溶的相体系构成。一种液体以小液滴形式分散在另一种液体中。油凝胶结构化乳液(OGEs)是一种新型乳液体系,是向传统乳液中的液态油中加入食品级凝胶剂,凝胶剂结晶或自组装后固化形成包裹液态油的三维网络结构。因此,油凝胶结构化乳液可用于替代塑性脂肪,兼具液态油的健康(减少反式和饱和脂肪酸)和固态油脂利于质构形成(如冰淇淋,人造奶油)、限制油滴迁移、阻止氧气、延缓脂肪消化等优点。目前,油凝胶结构化乳液已被广泛用于生物活性物质的包封。相较于传统乳液,OGEs具有更好的稳定性和包埋递送效率。本文综述了OGEs的制备方法、理化性能和在食品中的应用。旨在探究OGEs包埋生物活性物质或营养功能性成分的机制,提供特定食品中固态油脂替代方案和构建高效稳定的生物活性物质乳液基负载体系的思路,提高包埋物质的稳定性和利用率,为其在食品、医药、化妆品等领域的应用奠定理论基础。

, authors=徐晓辉1, 程金菊1, 2, *, authorsList=徐晓辉, 程金菊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=程金菊, authorNote=

徐晓辉(2004−),女,大学本科,研究方向:乳品工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
程金菊(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品化学、乳品工程研究,E-mail:。
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Food Hydrocolloids, 2019, 93: 68−77., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881960906506267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881946759119761, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=84, rfOrder=92, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG N, LIU B Y, WANG D H, et al. Oil-in-water and oleogel-in-water emulsion encapsulate with hemp seed oil containing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol: Stability, degradation and in vitro simulation characteristics[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 444: 138633., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881960982003740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881946759119761, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=85, rfOrder=93, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王鹏跃, 蒋四强, 邓维琴, 等. 郫县豆瓣“翻、晒、露”期间微生物群落及挥发性风味物质的变化[J]. 现代食品科技, 2025, 41(5): 1−12. [WANG P Y, JIANG S Q, DENG W Q, et al. Changes of microbial community and volatile flavor compounds in Pixian Douban during "turning, sun-drying and exposing" process[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2025, 41(5): 1−12.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881961061695517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881946759119761, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=85, rfOrder=94, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG P Y, JIANG S Q, DENG W Q, et al. Changes of microbial community and volatile flavor compounds in Pixian Douban during "turning, sun-drying and exposing" process[J]. 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Methods and materials for preparing OGES

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制备方法油相凝胶剂+乳化剂参考文献
热制备山茶油单月桂酸甘油酯+大豆分离蛋白[11]
菜籽油单硬脂酸甘油酯+单棕榈酸甘油酯+硅酸盐钙+聚甘油聚蓖麻油酸酯[12]
玉米油巴西棕榈蜡[13]
大豆油小烛树蜡+甘油单棕榈酸酯/甘油单油酸酯/聚甘油-聚蓖麻油酸酯[14]
向日葵油γ-乙醇+β-谷甾醇+酪蛋白酸钠[15]
向日葵油γ-乙醇+植物甾醇+吐温 20+黄原胶[16]
高油酸向日葵油向日葵蜡/商业向日葵蜡+大豆卵磷脂[17]
米糠油米糠蜡[18]
橄榄油单硬脂酸甘油酯+钠藻酸盐+κ-卡拉胶[19]
橄榄油角叉菜胶+藻酸盐+单硬脂酸甘油酯[20]
紫苏子油蜂蜡+硬脂酸+羟丙基甲基纤维素+十二烷基硫酸钠[21]
冷制备牡丹籽油大豆卵磷脂+乳清分离蛋白[22]
亚麻籽油+椰子油蜂蜡+L-α-卵磷脂+羧甲基纤维素[23]
大豆油蜂胶蜡[24]
玉米油巴西棕榈蜡+1-二十二烷醇+鱼胶原蛋白[25]
), ArticleFig(id=1320881951955862458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881946759119761, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

制备OGEs的方法与材料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
制备方法油相凝胶剂+乳化剂参考文献
热制备山茶油单月桂酸甘油酯+大豆分离蛋白[11]
菜籽油单硬脂酸甘油酯+单棕榈酸甘油酯+硅酸盐钙+聚甘油聚蓖麻油酸酯[12]
玉米油巴西棕榈蜡[13]
大豆油小烛树蜡+甘油单棕榈酸酯/甘油单油酸酯/聚甘油-聚蓖麻油酸酯[14]
向日葵油γ-乙醇+β-谷甾醇+酪蛋白酸钠[15]
向日葵油γ-乙醇+植物甾醇+吐温 20+黄原胶[16]
高油酸向日葵油向日葵蜡/商业向日葵蜡+大豆卵磷脂[17]
米糠油米糠蜡[18]
橄榄油单硬脂酸甘油酯+钠藻酸盐+κ-卡拉胶[19]
橄榄油角叉菜胶+藻酸盐+单硬脂酸甘油酯[20]
紫苏子油蜂蜡+硬脂酸+羟丙基甲基纤维素+十二烷基硫酸钠[21]
冷制备牡丹籽油大豆卵磷脂+乳清分离蛋白[22]
亚麻籽油+椰子油蜂蜡+L-α-卵磷脂+羧甲基纤维素[23]
大豆油蜂胶蜡[24]
玉米油巴西棕榈蜡+1-二十二烷醇+鱼胶原蛋白[25]
), ArticleFig(id=1320881952027165627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881946759119761, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Differences in properties among OGEs, oleogels and traditional emulsions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
比较项目油凝胶传统乳液油凝胶结构化乳液(OGEs)(O/W)或(W/O)
结构连续相为油相,主要由液态油和油凝胶剂组成,油凝胶剂通过形成晶体网络或其他方式将液态油固定连续相为液态油或水,通过乳化剂降低界面张力,形成分散相加入凝胶剂的油凝胶可以做分散相也可以做连续相,通过油凝胶剂(如蜡、甾醇、脂肪酸等)形成三维网络结构,可以包含水相或油相
稳定性取决于油凝胶剂的种类和浓度,以及油的类型稳定性较差,易出现分层、聚结等现象[49],依赖于乳化剂类型和浓度,及液滴的大小和相互作用油凝胶网络使其具有更高的稳定性,能有效防止乳液的聚结、絮凝和沉降。稳定性大小取决于乳化剂和凝胶剂的种类和比例;耐高温但冷却后易再结晶;热可逆性显著,适合用于热加工食品
流变性质表现出固态或半固态的流变学特性,如具有较高的粘度和屈服应力通常表现为液态,根据乳化剂和分散相的含量,可能表现出牛顿或非牛顿流体性质凝胶网络强度较低或分散相体积分数较小时,常表现为液态乳液。增强凝胶网络或提高分散相占比,乳液可转化为半固态。具有比传统乳液更高粘度和更好剪切稀化行为[50]
氧化稳定性油凝胶结构可以限制氧气扩散,降低氧化速率[11]容易发生氧化,尤其是在高温和光照条件下乳液结构可进一步提高氧化稳定性。还受到乳化剂类型、乳液粒径和油凝胶内部晶体形态影响[21]
冻融稳定性较慢的冷却速度可以促进油凝胶中较大晶体的形成,从而提高冻融稳定性传统乳液在冻融过程中可能发生聚结和相分离,从而导致不稳定[51]通常比传统乳液表现出更好的冻融稳定性,因为油凝胶剂可以增强油相的结构,从而减少冻融过程中的不稳定现象
递送系统作为递送系统,油凝胶可以用于保护和递送脂溶性成分递送体系的优良取决于乳液的稳定性和液滴的大小,可包埋水溶性和脂溶性成分具有更高的递送效率,更好地保护和控制活性成分的释放。脂溶性[52]和水溶性[53]物质均可递送
营养价值主要取决于油的类型,通过添加脂溶性营养物质来进一步提高营养价值[54]取决于所使用的油相和水相的成分用植物油代替动物脂肪来降低饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸的含量,提高产品的营养价值
口感质地通过改变凝胶剂类型和浓度来调节硬度、弹性、粘附性,提供类似于固体脂肪的质地口感和质地取决于液滴大小、乳化剂的种类和浓度等因素提供类似于固体脂肪的口感和质地,可通过调节油凝胶结构[55]或乳液类型来改变产品的质地[56]通过颗粒尺寸调节口感(如低脂奶油替代品);用OGEs硬度模拟脂肪质地(如人造黄油)[57]
关键机制氢键和疏水相互作用;溶剂转移和离心[58]界面张力降低;颗粒吸附;相转化[59]油凝胶剂的结晶[60];界面结晶;乳化和油凝胶化
), ArticleFig(id=1320881952102663100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881946759119761, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

OGEs与油凝胶和传统乳液的性质差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
比较项目油凝胶传统乳液油凝胶结构化乳液(OGEs)(O/W)或(W/O)
结构连续相为油相,主要由液态油和油凝胶剂组成,油凝胶剂通过形成晶体网络或其他方式将液态油固定连续相为液态油或水,通过乳化剂降低界面张力,形成分散相加入凝胶剂的油凝胶可以做分散相也可以做连续相,通过油凝胶剂(如蜡、甾醇、脂肪酸等)形成三维网络结构,可以包含水相或油相
稳定性取决于油凝胶剂的种类和浓度,以及油的类型稳定性较差,易出现分层、聚结等现象[49],依赖于乳化剂类型和浓度,及液滴的大小和相互作用油凝胶网络使其具有更高的稳定性,能有效防止乳液的聚结、絮凝和沉降。稳定性大小取决于乳化剂和凝胶剂的种类和比例;耐高温但冷却后易再结晶;热可逆性显著,适合用于热加工食品
流变性质表现出固态或半固态的流变学特性,如具有较高的粘度和屈服应力通常表现为液态,根据乳化剂和分散相的含量,可能表现出牛顿或非牛顿流体性质凝胶网络强度较低或分散相体积分数较小时,常表现为液态乳液。增强凝胶网络或提高分散相占比,乳液可转化为半固态。具有比传统乳液更高粘度和更好剪切稀化行为[50]
氧化稳定性油凝胶结构可以限制氧气扩散,降低氧化速率[11]容易发生氧化,尤其是在高温和光照条件下乳液结构可进一步提高氧化稳定性。还受到乳化剂类型、乳液粒径和油凝胶内部晶体形态影响[21]
冻融稳定性较慢的冷却速度可以促进油凝胶中较大晶体的形成,从而提高冻融稳定性传统乳液在冻融过程中可能发生聚结和相分离,从而导致不稳定[51]通常比传统乳液表现出更好的冻融稳定性,因为油凝胶剂可以增强油相的结构,从而减少冻融过程中的不稳定现象
递送系统作为递送系统,油凝胶可以用于保护和递送脂溶性成分递送体系的优良取决于乳液的稳定性和液滴的大小,可包埋水溶性和脂溶性成分具有更高的递送效率,更好地保护和控制活性成分的释放。脂溶性[52]和水溶性[53]物质均可递送
营养价值主要取决于油的类型,通过添加脂溶性营养物质来进一步提高营养价值[54]取决于所使用的油相和水相的成分用植物油代替动物脂肪来降低饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸的含量,提高产品的营养价值
口感质地通过改变凝胶剂类型和浓度来调节硬度、弹性、粘附性,提供类似于固体脂肪的质地口感和质地取决于液滴大小、乳化剂的种类和浓度等因素提供类似于固体脂肪的口感和质地,可通过调节油凝胶结构[55]或乳液类型来改变产品的质地[56]通过颗粒尺寸调节口感(如低脂奶油替代品);用OGEs硬度模拟脂肪质地(如人造黄油)[57]
关键机制氢键和疏水相互作用;溶剂转移和离心[58]界面张力降低;颗粒吸附;相转化[59]油凝胶剂的结晶[60];界面结晶;乳化和油凝胶化
), ArticleFig(id=1320881952169771965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881946759119761, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Construction of active substances or functional components delivery system by OGEs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
油相凝胶剂+乳化剂包埋物质分散相包埋效果参考文献
橄榄油单硬脂酸甘油酯+普朗尼克(Pluronic)F-68+吐温80姜黄素油凝胶实验组:包埋率73.85%~91.05%;对照样品:
包埋率仅为56.99%
[75]
大豆油蜂蜡+大豆卵磷脂槲皮素油凝胶当蜂蜡浓度为200 mg·g−1时,槲皮素的包埋率提高了285.55%[76]
菜籽油/椰子油琥珀酸单甘油酯桦木醇/姜黄素/槲皮素水相未提高桦木醇和姜黄素的生物可及性;提升了槲皮素的生物可及性[77]
椰子油单硬脂酸甘油酯+蜂蜡+结冷胶甜菜红素水相储存7 d后,保留率提高了36.68%[78]
向日葵油海藻酸钠+大豆分离蛋白番茄红素油凝胶pH为7.0、5.0和3.0时,番茄红素的包埋效率分别为97%±2%、97%±3%和98%±2%[79]
玉米油单甘油酯+吐温20β-胡萝卜素油凝胶β-胡萝卜素生物利用率比纯油体系高11.5倍[80]
向日葵油单甘油酯+吐温80孜然醛油凝胶包埋效率较高,达到73%~87%[81]
高度碘化油12-羟基硬脂酸+聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油紫杉醇油凝胶包埋率达到了约97%[82]
大豆油单硬脂酸甘油酯+糖酯+卵巢转铁蛋白纤维橙皮苷油凝胶对橙皮苷负载量可达大豆油中橙皮苷亚稳态
溶解度2倍
[83]
向日葵油β-谷甾醇+γ-谷维素/卵磷脂/单硬脂酸甘油酯虾青素水相β-谷甾醇+单硬脂酸甘油酯油凝胶:58.13%;β-谷甾醇+卵磷脂油凝胶:51.24%;β-谷甾醇+γ-谷维素油凝胶:36.57%;对照组:45.72%[34]
大麻籽油大麻籽蛋白+米糠蜡Δ9-四氢大麻酚+大麻酚油凝胶Δ9-THC和CBN的生物可及性分别达到了56.0%和58.0%[84]
), ArticleFig(id=1320881952236880830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881946759119761, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

OGEs构建活性物质或功能性成分体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
油相凝胶剂+乳化剂包埋物质分散相包埋效果参考文献
橄榄油单硬脂酸甘油酯+普朗尼克(Pluronic)F-68+吐温80姜黄素油凝胶实验组:包埋率73.85%~91.05%;对照样品:
包埋率仅为56.99%
[75]
大豆油蜂蜡+大豆卵磷脂槲皮素油凝胶当蜂蜡浓度为200 mg·g−1时,槲皮素的包埋率提高了285.55%[76]
菜籽油/椰子油琥珀酸单甘油酯桦木醇/姜黄素/槲皮素水相未提高桦木醇和姜黄素的生物可及性;提升了槲皮素的生物可及性[77]
椰子油单硬脂酸甘油酯+蜂蜡+结冷胶甜菜红素水相储存7 d后,保留率提高了36.68%[78]
向日葵油海藻酸钠+大豆分离蛋白番茄红素油凝胶pH为7.0、5.0和3.0时,番茄红素的包埋效率分别为97%±2%、97%±3%和98%±2%[79]
玉米油单甘油酯+吐温20β-胡萝卜素油凝胶β-胡萝卜素生物利用率比纯油体系高11.5倍[80]
向日葵油单甘油酯+吐温80孜然醛油凝胶包埋效率较高,达到73%~87%[81]
高度碘化油12-羟基硬脂酸+聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油紫杉醇油凝胶包埋率达到了约97%[82]
大豆油单硬脂酸甘油酯+糖酯+卵巢转铁蛋白纤维橙皮苷油凝胶对橙皮苷负载量可达大豆油中橙皮苷亚稳态
溶解度2倍
[83]
向日葵油β-谷甾醇+γ-谷维素/卵磷脂/单硬脂酸甘油酯虾青素水相β-谷甾醇+单硬脂酸甘油酯油凝胶:58.13%;β-谷甾醇+卵磷脂油凝胶:51.24%;β-谷甾醇+γ-谷维素油凝胶:36.57%;对照组:45.72%[34]
大麻籽油大麻籽蛋白+米糠蜡Δ9-四氢大麻酚+大麻酚油凝胶Δ9-THC和CBN的生物可及性分别达到了56.0%和58.0%[84]
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油凝胶结构化乳液的制备、性质和应用研究进展
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徐晓辉 1 , 程金菊 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 专题综述 2026,47(13): 479-488
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食品工业科技 |专题综述 2026 , 47 (13) : 479 -488
油凝胶结构化乳液的制备、性质和应用研究进展
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徐晓辉1 , 程金菊1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
  • 2东北农业大学乳品科学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
通讯作者:
程金菊(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品化学、乳品工程研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

徐晓辉(2004−),女,大学本科,研究方向:乳品工程,E-mail:

Research on the Preparation, Properties and Applications of Oleogel-structured Emulsions
Xiaohui XU1 , Jinju CHENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060221
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传统乳液由两种或多种互不相溶的相体系构成。一种液体以小液滴形式分散在另一种液体中。油凝胶结构化乳液(OGEs)是一种新型乳液体系,是向传统乳液中的液态油中加入食品级凝胶剂,凝胶剂结晶或自组装后固化形成包裹液态油的三维网络结构。因此,油凝胶结构化乳液可用于替代塑性脂肪,兼具液态油的健康(减少反式和饱和脂肪酸)和固态油脂利于质构形成(如冰淇淋,人造奶油)、限制油滴迁移、阻止氧气、延缓脂肪消化等优点。目前,油凝胶结构化乳液已被广泛用于生物活性物质的包封。相较于传统乳液,OGEs具有更好的稳定性和包埋递送效率。本文综述了OGEs的制备方法、理化性能和在食品中的应用。旨在探究OGEs包埋生物活性物质或营养功能性成分的机制,提供特定食品中固态油脂替代方案和构建高效稳定的生物活性物质乳液基负载体系的思路,提高包埋物质的稳定性和利用率,为其在食品、医药、化妆品等领域的应用奠定理论基础。

油凝胶结构化乳液(OGEs)  /  制备方法  /  稳定性  /  应用

Traditional emulsions consist of two or more immiscible phase systems, where one liquid is dispersed as small droplets in the other. Oleogel-structured emulsions (OGEs) are a novel type of emulsion system. They are prepared by incorporating food-grade gelling agents into the liquid oil phase of traditional emulsions; after crystallization or self-assembly, the gelling agents solidify to form a three-dimensional network structure that encapsulates the liquid oil. Consequently, OGEs can be used as substitutes for plastic fats, combining the health benefits of liquid oils (reducing trans and saturated fatty acids) with the advantages of solid fats: facilitating texture formation (e.g., in ice cream and margarine), restricting oil droplet migration, blocking oxygen, and delaying fat digestion. Currently, OGEs have been widely applied in the encapsulation of bioactive substances. Compared with traditional emulsions, OGEs exhibit superior stability and higher encapsulation and delivery efficiency. This review summarizes the preparation methods, physicochemical properties, and food applications of OGEs. It aims to explore the mechanisms of OGEs for encapsulating bioactive substances or nutritionally functional ingredients, provide strategies for replacing solid fats in specific foods and constructing efficient and stable emulsion-based delivery systems for bioactive substances, enhance the stability and bioavailability of encapsulated substances, and lay a theoretical foundation for their applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

oleogel-structured emulsions (OGEs)  /  preparation methods  /  stability  /  applications
徐晓辉, 程金菊. 油凝胶结构化乳液的制备、性质和应用研究进展. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 479 -488 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060221
Xiaohui XU, Jinju CHENG. Research on the Preparation, Properties and Applications of Oleogel-structured Emulsions[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 479 -488 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060221
乳液通常是一种两相或多相分散体系,食品乳液中通常包括油相和水相,可以分为水包油(O/W)和油包水(W/O)型。在乳化剂和剪切力作用下,分散相液体以液滴(液滴直径200 nm~100 μm)的形式分散在互不相溶的另一相中,称为分散介质或连续相,最终形成均一、稳定的体系。乳液因独特的结构被广泛应用于药品、化妆品和食品领域,尤其是在生物活性物质的包埋递送方面具有广泛的应用[1]。但基于油水体系的乳液有一定的热力学不稳定性,在储存过程中,易发生絮凝、聚结等现象,最终导致相分离。这种不稳定性还限制了乳液包埋、递送及释放生物活性物质的能力。
为解决上述问题,近年来不少研究人员向乳液体系中添加油凝胶剂(如蜡类、聚合物、纳米颗粒等),通过凝胶剂结晶或自组装固化后形成包裹液态油的三维网络结构称为“油凝胶结构化乳液(OGEs)”[2],为体系提供更强的稳定性和塑形性。OGEs体系可分为三类:油凝胶包水型、水包油凝胶型及多相复合乳液。与传统乳液相比,油凝胶结构化乳液由于油相呈凝胶状,其内部晶体网络结构及凝胶剂在油-水界面的结晶能够作为乳液物理壁垒,阻止氧气、氧化剂、自由基等对被包埋活性物质的损伤,以及活性物质在不同相间的迁移,而且在胃肠消化过程中,致密的结构能够减弱消化酶的作用,因此,在调控脂肪消化和包埋物质的释放上具有独特的优势。传统的乳液采用加入乳化剂的方式维持体系稳定。而OGEs体系通过添加凝胶剂和乳化剂来维持体系稳定,凝胶剂对OGEs的性质(弹性、黏度、流变性)起着不同的作用[3]。在OGEs系统中,凝胶剂的选择有一定的局限性。例如,许多油凝胶剂在有水的情况下相对不稳定,需要通过协同效应或其他方式来制备稳定的OGEs。因此,制备OGEs时,需要全面考虑稳定剂间的协同或拮抗作用,以及不同稳定剂的选择对OGEs形成、结构和流变学的影响。本综述基于OGEs特殊的网络结构,聚焦于OGEs的制备、理化性质以及在食品工业中的应用,以期为促进可食用油脂的开发和生物活性物质包埋递送载体的构建提供参考。
传统乳液的基本组成包括液态油、水相和乳化剂三部分。而OGEs除上述基本成分外还在油相中加入凝胶剂来促使体系形成三维网络结构增强稳定性[4]。在制备OGEs时,除液态油的种类外,凝胶剂和乳化剂的选择是决定OGEs特性的关键。不同种类的凝胶剂对OGEs的制备影响不同。常用的凝胶剂可按油凝胶的分子量大小分类[5]。低分子量油凝胶剂有:天然蜡、单甘酯等,它们通过分子自组装形成超分子网络,其凝胶化依赖于非共价相互作用(如氢键、π-π堆积、疏水作用)。高分子量油凝胶剂有:乙基纤维素、蛋白质和多糖等,是通过物理缠结或化学交联形成三维网络,其凝胶性能受分子量、链构象及官能团分布影响显著。尤其是当一些具有界面活性的凝胶剂(天然蜡、单甘酯、植物甾醇和γ-谷维素等)用于OGEs的制备时,凝胶剂作为OGEs体系中的结构骨架物质,油水双相系统可以在没有乳化剂的情况下保持稳定[6]。此外,乳化剂是具有亲水和疏水基团的一类表面活性物质,二者在乳液的制备中发挥乳化作用。一方面,它可以降低液滴的界面张力,从而促进乳化过程中液滴形成和稳定;另一方面,它可以增加连续相的黏度,防止乳液液滴聚集。目前,常用的乳化剂有单甘酯、蔗糖酯、吐温、大豆磷脂、硬脂酰乳酸钙等[7]。虽然凝胶剂和乳化剂在功能和应用上有所不同,但它们之间没有绝对明确的界限,存在交叉和重叠的可能性。例如,某些乳化剂如单甘酯(MAG)也具有凝胶化作用。凝胶剂和乳化剂都在OGEs体系中起着维持稳定的作用,文中将其统称为稳定剂。
OGEs的制备方法按操作温度可分为两种:热制备和冷制备。图1表示了OGEs的两种制备方法以及制备流程。
热制备方法是比较常见的制备方法。在制备过程中需保证在乳化时样品中的油和凝胶剂处于热熔融状态(热制备>凝胶剂熔点),该方法常利用磁力搅拌、高压均质或超声破碎等手段进行乳化。乳化后为促进晶体形成,可将样品置于低于凝胶化温度的环境。对于一些具有表面活性的凝胶剂(如乙基纤维素、单甘酯),热制备法制备的OGEs形成固态的水不溶性膜,有利于隔绝氧气以及包埋物质的缓释[8],但该方法也存在一些缺陷,如对于样品需要额外添加表面活性剂,高温会使其乳化能力降低,降低OGEs的稳定性[9],且高温还易导致热敏性物质降解。其次,先高温再冷却的操作可能导致界面固化溶解在水相中的无法重新返回油相,降低物质运载量。
冷制备法是先将液态油与凝胶剂加热熔融后进行凝胶化处理,再以固体/类固体油凝胶作为油相与水、乳化剂混合后乳化处理。冷制备法采用超声波促进乳化形成油凝胶结构化乳液。该方法要求乳化过程中始终保持温度处于凝胶化温度以下(冷制备<结晶温度),避免晶体融化。与热制备法相比,冷制备法可以有效减少因高温导致的热敏性物质降解。但冷制备法也存在一些缺陷,如乳化条件较为繁琐和乳化过程中的高强度物理作用易导致荷载物质泄露的问题[10]。
在OGEs体系中,凝胶剂和乳化剂的搭配以及采用的制备方法(热制备和冷制备)都会影响到OGEs的特性和应用场景。表1总结了一些用于制备OGEs的配方。
OGEs外观与传统乳液相似,呈白色或黄色不透明的乳状液。其中加入凝胶剂的油相既可以作为分散相,也可以作为连续相,其所在相的不同影响着OGEs的性质。表2对比了OGEs与油凝胶和传统乳液的性质差异。凝胶剂的种类及其添加量不同则形成的OGEs的结构和性质不同。氨基酸衍生物、糖类衍生物、二肽等都可以作为凝胶剂加入OGEs,但它们形成的凝胶在强度、热稳定性、溶剂选择性等方面可能表现出显著差异。例如,Moschakis等[26]通过将植物甾醇与γ-谷维素(形成油凝胶)一起加入体系中,可以减少植物甾醇晶体的尺寸,植物甾醇在油中的浓度达到3%(w/w)时开始结晶,γ-谷维素与植物甾醇共同制备的OGEs,可以显著减少植物甾醇的结晶,增强体系的稳定性,从而提高这些生物活性物质的功效。但过量加入凝胶剂会使乳液部分絮凝或轻微的液滴变形,油凝胶乳液的外观将从液体逐渐转变为固态,且会使乳液变得坚硬,气味难闻[27]。凝胶剂也会受到乳化剂的影响,进而改变OGEs的性质。Mao等[28]的研究指出不同的乳化剂(如吐温20和乳清分离蛋白)改变了凝胶剂单酸甘油酯的结晶性和多态转变,进而影响乳液的流变特性和稳定性。此外,凝胶剂种类和用量会显著影响OGEs的理化性质、实际应用和产品的最终价格。
与传统乳液相比,OGEs通常具有更高的稳定性。这是因为OGEs通过添加凝胶剂形成的油凝胶网络可以增强乳液的结构稳定性,防止液滴聚结和分层。研究表明,采用蜂蜡和巴西棕榈蜡甚至可以在没有额外添加乳化剂的情况下稳定水包油乳液[29]。油凝胶网络可以有效地固定油相,限制了液滴的流动性防止乳液的相分离,极大地提高了乳液的稳定性[30]。如Hyatt等[31]用月桂酸单甘油酯和甘油单酯/甘油二酯作为凝胶剂制备OGEs,通过随时间测量过氧化值(PV)、对茴香胺值(p-AV)和脂肪酸组成来进行氧化研究,结果显示单月桂酸甘油酯OGEs具有更高的氧化稳定性。热重曲线和固体脂肪含量(SFC)数据表明,增加凝胶剂含量可提高OGEs热稳定性。开发了一种具有改善热稳定性的新型界面结晶油凝胶乳液。Zhang等[32]研究了使用传统水包油皮克林乳液(OPE-1)或由纳米纤维素晶体和蜂蜡稳定的OGEs(OPE-2),经过冻融处理后,前者出现了明显的相分离,而OPE-2只有有限地聚集。进一步表征其流变学特性,如高粘度和储能模量(G*)和微观结构,证明后者在改善香肠的乳液稳定性和冻融(FT)稳定性方面表现优于传统的乳液。此外,OGEs还可以通过乳液的界面结晶进一步提高其稳定性,起到降低界面张力、稳定液滴的作用。通常较高的油凝胶剂浓度通常会形成更强的网络结构和稳定性,但也可能影响OGEs的质地和口感。
提高OGEs的稳定性可以从以下方面实现(图2):a.表面活性剂效应:添加一些凝胶剂,如单甘油酯、山梨糖单硬脂酸酯和β-谷甾醇等,可以通过表面活性和油相的结构网络来稳定乳液。例如,Sudaxshina等[33]采用山梨糖单硬脂酸酯制备OGEs,山梨醇单硬脂酸酯分子通过吸附在水-油界面上,显著降低界面张力,从而减少液滴合并的趋势,形成稳定的乳液。Wang等[34]利用β-谷甾醇等凝胶剂可以在油相中形成三维网络结构,增加乳液的黏度和稳定性,防止相分离。b.皮克林颗粒效应(固体颗粒效应):近年研究发现,凝胶剂可以通过皮克林效应赋予抗聚结稳定性。通过引入卵磷脂诱导神经酰胺在油水界面处结晶,可以显著提高OGEs的热稳定性,其在涉及热处理的食品应用中具有更大的潜力。Gao等[35]指出木质素基纳米颗粒作为凝胶剂,这些固体颗粒会吸附在油-水界面,防止液滴合并,从而提高乳液稳定性。c.乳化剂介导的界面结晶:OGEs的一个更特殊的稳定机制是部分油凝胶剂与乳化剂之间相互作用。Liao等[36]研究发现当油凝胶剂(神经酰胺,CER)浓度高于1wt%时,乳液表现出更好的热稳定性。差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)的结果表明,这种热稳定性的提升是由于神经酰胺与乳化剂(如卵磷脂,lecithin)在多位点形成的氢键驱动下的共结晶。这为油凝胶乳液提供了适当的结晶度和空间排斥力,防止了加热过程中油滴的聚结。一些油凝胶剂没有界面活性,但通过乳化剂可以增加油凝胶剂与水相的亲和性,改变晶体间相互作用或晶体结构本身,导致油凝胶剂晶体的间接界面吸附。Okuro等[37]探究了基于果蜡和卵磷脂(LEC)的油凝胶作为分散相在水包油乳液中的稳定性和特性,以吐温80和乳清分离蛋白(WPI)做乳化剂,果蜡、LEC与WPI结合显示出最低的复数模量,形成了较为粘性的界面膜,进一步表明它们相互作用促进了界面结晶,提高了乳液的稳定性。d.与乳化剂形成复合物:一些油凝胶剂可以与乳化剂形成复合物,协同稳定乳液。乳脂肪球膜起乳化作用与果胶凝胶剂通过静电相互作用形成了复合物,这种复合物进一步增强OGEs的稳定性[38]。Parisa等[39]以山萮酸(BA)和乙基纤维素(EC)的组合在特定质量比例2:4,制备的OGEs表现出了良好的稳定性。结果表明,EC和BA之间形成了新的氢键。这些氢键增强了分子间的相互作用,进一步提高了OGEs的结构稳定性和机械性能。即使在较高的水分含量下,油凝胶结构化乳液仍然保持稳定。卵转铁蛋白原纤维(OVTF)和柑橘果胶(CP)之间的相互作用对基于油凝胶的皮克林乳液的稳定性有显著影响,当OVTFs与CP的质量比为3:1,在pH5.0条件下,OVTF-CP复合物能够有效抑制结构损伤并保持乳液液滴的完整性,进而表现出更好的稳定性,并且通过静电吸引形成了珍珠链状结构[40]。
在食品系统中,图2可以更好地说明油凝胶剂的界面活性提高OGEs稳定性的机制。除此之外,乳化过程中的温度、搅拌方式等这些加工参数也在很大程度上影响OGEs的稳定性(如冻融稳定性、氧化稳定性)。Liao等[36]使用了向日葵油、神经酰胺和大豆卵磷脂,在不同浓度和冷却速率下制备油凝胶,然后通过将油凝胶与水相混合来制备OGEs,发现可以通过调节冷却速率来调控油凝胶乳液的性质,缓慢冷却的油凝胶具有更强的网络结构和更高的冻融稳定性。Qi等[42]聚焦于利用热辅助搅拌来制备OGEs。结果表明,热辅助搅拌可能会影响乳液中各成分之间的相互作用促进乳液的形成,增强乳液稳定性。搅拌速度对乳液稳定性的影响是多方面的。低搅拌速度可能导致胶体物质和微粒聚集,从而降低稳定性[43]。过高搅拌速度可能导致过度分散或破坏凝胶结构,同样也会降低稳定性[44]。与此同时,OGEs的成分越复杂维持其稳定性的原因也越多,其在食品中的应用稳定性仍需要进一步研究。Huang等[13]采用直接热乳化法,以巴西棕榈蜡和玉米油制备OGEs,发现较低的加热温度、较高的结晶温度以及适当的剪切作用会导致OGEs形成更强、更稳定且堆积更紧密的网络结构,并具有更好的抗变形能力。
相较于传统乳液,一方面OGEs存在结构和稳定性的差异。从结构来看,传统乳液的油相是液态的,其稳定性主要与乳化剂发挥界面活性剂功能,降低界面张力,阻止液滴聚结密切相关。与传统乳液相比,OGEs特有的三维网络结构可以更好地控制脂肪的释放,用其代替脂肪制作食品能减少饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸,改善产品的口感,提高产品的稳定性。如:OGEs替代高饱和起酥油加入蛋糕配方中,制作的蛋糕既松软富有弹性又健康美味[45]。OGEs取代氢化植物油,制作复合巧克力也具备一定的可行性[46]。又因油凝胶口感与含脂肪食品相似,OGEs替代脂肪,制备低脂肉等一系列低脂类产品。另一方面,大多数OGEs对环境压力(pH、冻融、高温、盐离子)的耐受力强于传统乳液,OGEs的特性可通过改变油凝胶剂的种类或浓度来调整[47]。同时,与传统乳液相比其具有更好的物化稳定性和包埋释放控制能力。OGEs能够包埋生物活性物质或营养功能性成分,并为其提供物理屏障,防止发生物质降解,提高物质的生物学活性和利用率[48]。表2从多方面详细比较了OGEs与油凝胶和传统乳液性质上的差异。
在过去的十几年里,反式脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸等对人体健康的危害影响已被充分的研究和证明[61−62]。然而,反式脂肪和饱和脂肪在食物的质地、口感、味道和香气中起着重要的作用。为了保证食品感官品质和减少反式脂肪和饱和脂肪酸的消费,除了在某些情况下禁止使用反式脂肪和将脂肪消费转向不饱和脂肪外,还可以采用油凝胶结构化乳液(OGEs)或者基于油凝胶结构化乳液采用乳液模板法获得油凝胶直接替代反式脂肪和饱和脂肪。OGEs在食品工业中的应用仍处于起步阶段,作为新型脂肪替代物潜力巨大。因此,许多研究人员已经开发出用OGEs模拟的饱和脂肪酸或反式脂肪酸结构,并进行了一系列对OGEs、粘弹性和流变性等物化性质的研究,发现OGEs有潜力取代脂肪,减少反式脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸含量。目前,OGEs可被用于饼干、蛋糕、乳制品和肉类等中脂肪的部分替代或完全替代。Guo等[63]采用螺旋藻蛋白作乳化剂,黄原胶作凝胶剂制备的OGEs在肉类替代品中表现出优于传统脂肪(如棕榈油和油凝胶)的多汁性。OGEs与传统脂肪相比,具有相当的烹饪损失和收缩率,表明其是更适合加入的脂肪选择。陈柯斐[64]将硬脂酸单甘油酯-棕榈酸单甘油酯(GMS-GML)二元单甘酯基油凝胶泡沫作为巧克力涂抹酱中基料油(棕榈油)的替代品,发现油凝胶泡沫的添加不仅能降低巧克力涂抹酱的黏腻度,还能赋予克力涂抹酱适口感和新颖的质地。此外,OGEs良好的稳定性也是被用于食品加工的原因之一。Zhu等[65]探索了凝胶型乳化肉类制品的稳定机制。其主要依赖排斥力稳定机制如静电排斥力,形成空间位阻效应防止脂肪滴的絮凝和聚结稳定脂肪相;此外还有物理截留机制,加入的凝胶剂形成的三维蛋白网络结构可以物理截留更多的脂肪球。在加热过程中(巴氏杀菌步骤),这样的结构能有效稳定液态脂肪相,延缓脂肪滴的聚结和聚合。Yu等[66]使用乳清蛋白分离物作为乳化剂,制备了基于蜂蜡(BW)的油凝胶结构化乳液来模拟蛋黄酱。与市售蛋黄酱相比,这些基于OGEs的蛋黄酱表现出更高的粘弹性模量和相似的摩擦学特性,以及OGEs在蛋黄酱中的潜在应用可行性。Ozer等[19]制备了用基于橄榄油的OGEs代替牛肉汉堡中的脂肪,并测定了真空包装的减脂牛肉汉堡在储存期间质量特性的变化。在替代水平最高的产品中,总脂肪和能量含量分别降低了51%和35%,同时不饱和脂肪酸增加(65%),饱和脂肪显著减少(44%)。在储存期间,与对照组相比,OGEs处理组的硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)显著更低,储存期间硬度、咀嚼性和弹性值降低。含有5%OGEs、10%牛肉脂肪和1%豌豆荚粉的OGEs添加组在储存结束时具有更高的可接受性评分。Serdaroğlu等[67]采用奇亚籽粉、蛋清粉和花生油用冷胶凝法制备OGEs。用OGEs以不同水平替代脂肪制备牛肉饼,发现饱和脂肪酸(SFA)显著降低,50%、75%和100%替代水平下分别降低了33.71%、46.64%和72.04%。动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)和血栓形成指数(TI)下降,表明更健康。重新配方的样品表现出较低的硬度、黏性和咀嚼性。颜色和外观与对照相似,75%和100%替代水平的感官评分更高。再次证明了OGEs在生产更健康肉类产品方面的潜力。但从成本考虑,需要进一步探索,以优化OGEs在食品中的应用,降低消费价格,使消费者愿意为更健康的产品买单。
传统乳液能够作为理想的运输系统对疏水活性物质和功能成分进行包埋和递送,其油-水界面膜可以提供一个物理屏障,显著提高包埋物质的物理稳定性,抑制活性物质的氧化和降解。基于此原理,OGEs在生物活性物质或功能成分递送方面同样具有巨大的潜力。与传统的乳液相比,OGEs的三维网络可装载更多的生物活性物质或营养功能性成分并延缓其释放[68]。Thaís等[69]以大豆油为油相,采用凝胶剂是小烛树蜡、全氢化棕榈油和单酰甘油三元混合物,包埋羟基酪醇和羟基酪醇烷基酯功能活性物质,用于提高它们的生物可及性。Areen等[70]通过使用β-谷甾醇和γ-谷维素混合物作为凝胶剂,以及吐温80作为表面活性剂,开发了一种高稳定性且能提高β-胡萝卜素生物可及性的植物甾醇油凝胶结构化乳液。
当前,OGEs作为一种递送系统已被广泛研究。自然界或人工提取的许多生物活性物质或营养功能性成分由于稳定性差或水溶性低,对外界环境(如热、光、氧、酶)敏感,导致它们往往不能被人体充分吸收、利用。因此,它们通常需要被包埋封装,以提高分散性、稳定性和生物可及性[71]。当生物活性物质或功能成分被封装在OGEs中时,强大的网络构造可以有效地防止这些成分被分解破坏,提高它们的稳定性[72]。Zhang等[73]该研究考察了海藻酸钠(SA)对乳清分离蛋白-阿拉伯胶OGEs对β-胡萝卜素包封性能的影响,发现β-胡萝卜素的包封率、光稳定性和储存稳定性均随SA的添加而提高。体外消化模拟表明,SA延缓了β-胡萝卜素的释放并降低了其生物可及性。但并非所有OGEs都能提高物质的生物可及性。如Zhang等[74]进一步制备了富含鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖-Ⅰ的果胶的OGEs,用于疏水性生物活性物质——姜黄素的包封。将姜黄素被包封在OGEs的油相中,结果表明凝胶强度的提高虽增强了对姜黄素热诱导降解的保护作用,减缓了姜黄素的释放,但最终并未改变其生物可及性。相反随着油相分数的增加,加速了姜黄素的释放,降低了其生物可及性。表3列举了一些凝胶剂和乳化剂的搭配和用于递送不同物质或成分的OGEs体系。在选取OGEs的稳定剂时,不光需要考虑凝胶剂和乳化剂之间的相互影响,更要考虑到被包埋递送物质的类型和物化性质,综合考量选取最适合的搭配方案。
对食品而言,挥发性风味物质的重要性毋庸置疑,相关研究表明,风味是影响食物味道和消费者偏好的最显著特征之一,是在满足消费者需求时,不可忽略的感官指标[85]。为了保持食品的风味,防止这些具有易挥发特性的风味在加工和储存过程中散失,控释风味化合物粒子的释放是生产者面对的一大难题。OGEs基于独特结构在挥发性物质(如:风味化合物粒子)的包埋递送上展现出独有的优势。这除了归功于乳液本就具有的稳定性和包埋特性外,更重要的是凝胶剂的引入进一步增强了OGEs稳定性,并为挥发性物质的保护提供了额外的屏障。凝胶剂的引入不仅增加了油相黏度,减缓了挥发性物质的扩散速率,还能利用网络结构与挥发性物质产生相互作用的机制来稳定挥发性物质。因此,研究人员开发了多种不同的挥发性物质包埋、封装和输送系统,这些系统通过隔绝风味物质与空气分子间的接触来起到保持食品风味,延长食品货架期的作用。例如,Chen等[15]通过设计基于β-谷甾醇和γ-谷维素自组装的有机凝胶结构化乳液,成功实现了对风味化合物(丁二酮、己醛、D-柠檬烯、乙基己酸酯、芳樟醇)释放的可控调节。Ghiasi等[81]开发负载孜然醛的高稳定性分散体系,充分发挥了孜然醛的抗菌、抗氧化特性与的递送优势。实际上,乳液作为食品风味物质的传递系统在生产中已经有了广泛的应用,而OGEs的研究大多还停留在实验室范围内,OGEs的独特的性质三维网络结构和让它比传统乳液在脂肪替代、生物活性物质/营养物质或挥发性物质的包埋递送上更具优势,在食品生产领域有着较高的商业潜能。图3概述了OGEs作为脂肪替代物以及其作为包埋传递体系时的应用场景。
本综述总结了油凝胶结构化乳液成分、制备方法,列举了多种不同的凝胶剂与乳化剂组成的OGEs配方,概述了OGEs的物理化学性质,重点介绍了OGEs的稳定性,详细阐述了OGEs的四种稳定性机制,以及OGEs作为有害脂肪(反式脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸)替代物、生物活性物质包埋递送系统、挥发性风味物质的包埋系统在食品领域中的应用。总的来说,油凝胶结构化乳液作为一种多功能的递送系统,在包埋和保护挥发性物质方面具有显著优势。随着研究的深入和技术的进步,OGEs将在食品、医药等领域发挥越来越重要的作用。现阶段对作为食品物质传递系统的OGEs的研究更多集中在如何提高油凝胶结构化乳液的长期稳定性,防止相分离和挥发性物质的损失。需要进一步研究油凝胶结构化乳液对挥发性物质生物利用度的影响,优化配方以提高其吸收效率,以及推动其工业应用,实现油凝胶结构化乳液的大规模生产,降低生产成本,开发可食用且成本低廉的OGEs是食品领域科研工作者的重要任务。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060221
  • 接收时间:2025-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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    1东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
    2东北农业大学乳品科学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030

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程金菊(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品化学、乳品工程研究,E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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