Article(id=1320881903993999733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100346, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762099200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852386710, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852386710, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852386710, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852386710, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=176, endPage=184, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881905491366262, articleId=1320881903993999733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Impact of Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles on Quality Characteristics of Duolang Mutton, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study explored how repeated freeze-thaw cycles affect the quality of Duolang mutton, using the Longissimus dorsi muscle. After six cycles, measurements were taken for eating quality, safety parameters, texture properties, and indicators related to protein oxidation. Results showed a clear trend of quality degradation in the mutton as freeze-thaw cycles increased (P<0.05). Regarding eating quality, pH first rose and then fell. Water activity and water-holding capacity dropped significantly, while shear force decreased from 35.52 N to 19.98 N. Color stability worsened markedly, with the relative contents of deoxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin increased by 17.81% and 10.17%, respectively, whereas oxymyoglobin declined from 45.98% to 20.11%. Lightness (L*) value first decreased, showed a partial recovery mid-process, and then fell again. Redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values initially increased before decreasing. For texture, hardness and adhesiveness rose significantly, whereas gumminess and cohesiveness decreased notably. Springiness showed a gradual declining trend (P>0.05). In terms of safety and oxidation characteristics, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value increased from 1.42 mg/kg to 2.35 mg/kg, indicating advancing lipid oxidation. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) first increased and then decreased. Total sulfhydryl content fell from 18.59 μmol/g pro to 10.33 μmol/g pro, while carbonyl content rose from 4.61 μmol/g pro to 7.23 μmol/g pro. Disulfide bond content first decreased and later increased, collectively pointing to intensified protein oxidation. In summary, repeated freeze-thaw cycles significantly exacerbated the quality deterioration of Duolang mutton by intensifying protein and lipid oxidation and disrupting muscle structure, and the degree of deterioration gradually worsened with increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles.

, authors=Xiufeng CHENG1, Yiqing SUN1, Li WANG1, Jun ZENG1, Zhendong LIU2, *, authorsList=Xiufeng CHENG, Yiqing SUN, Li WANG, Jun ZENG, Zhendong LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhendong LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881907043258757, articleId=1320881903993999733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=反复冻融对多浪羊肉品质特性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究反复冻融对多浪羊肉品质特性的影响,以腰背最长肌为研究对象,经6次冻融循环后,测定其食用品质、安全品质、质构特性及蛋白氧化相关指标。结果表明,随着冻融次数增加,多浪羊肉品质呈显著劣变趋势(P<0.05)。食用品质方面,pH呈先升高后降低趋势,水分活度与持水力显著下降,剪切力由35.52 N降至19.98 N;色泽稳定性显著变差,脱氧肌红蛋白与高铁肌红蛋白相对含量分别增加 17.81%、10.17%,氧合肌红蛋白相对含量由45.98%降至20.11%,亮度(L*)值先下降,中期有所回升后再次下降,红度(a*)值及黄度(b*)值先升高后降低;质构特性方面,硬度与黏性显著上升,胶着性、内聚性显著下降,弹性呈缓慢降低趋势(P>0.05);安全品质与氧化特性方面,硫代巴比妥酸(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS)值从1.42 mg/kg上升至2.35 mg/kg,脂肪氧化程度加剧;总挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)值先升高后降低;总巯基含量从18.59 μmol/g pro降至10.33 μmol/g pro,羰基含量从4.61 μmol/g pro升高至7.23 μmol/g pro,二硫键含量先降低后升高,表明蛋白质氧化程度加剧。综上,反复冻融通过加剧蛋白质与脂肪氧化、破坏肌肉结构,显著加剧多浪羊肉品质劣变,且随着冻融次数增加,羊肉劣化程度逐渐加剧。

, authors=程秀峰1, 孙艺倾1, 王莉1, 曾俊1, 刘振东2, *, authorsList=程秀峰, 孙艺倾, 王莉, 曾俊, 刘振东, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘振东, authorNote=

程秀峰(1998−),男,硕士,助教,研究方向:肉制品加工与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘振东(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工与利用,E-mail:。
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注:同一指标不同字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=N1YGRPIt9azpXFDjifCCYg==, figureFileBig=t8RgzvYTD3nhRzcEulozbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881911380169138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the water retention capacity of Duolang mutton, figureFileSmall=FpfUGUI4ldI8utMwl35Khg==, figureFileBig=4YtGOQecG8tDYP+DMrdREA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881911438889395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=CN, label=图2, caption=冻融次数对多浪羊肉保水性的影响

注:同一指标不同字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=FpfUGUI4ldI8utMwl35Khg==, figureFileBig=4YtGOQecG8tDYP+DMrdREA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881911526969780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the shear force of Duolang mutton, figureFileSmall=XLayAlN7iEFPsdbma6WkFA==, figureFileBig=NCYvY8YWIP7fQqM0RaWA6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881911690547637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=CN, label=图3, caption=冻融次数对多浪羊肉剪切力的影响

注:同一指标不同字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=XLayAlN7iEFPsdbma6WkFA==, figureFileBig=NCYvY8YWIP7fQqM0RaWA6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881911766045110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the TBARS and TVB-N value of Duolang mutton, figureFileSmall=Mm2r5Ar7xVQK1rHdvco29g==, figureFileBig=zTa0KvSofctTvW8oTXw0Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881911828959671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=CN, label=图4, caption=冻融次数对多浪羊肉TBARS及TVB-N值的影响

注:同一指标不同字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Mm2r5Ar7xVQK1rHdvco29g==, figureFileBig=zTa0KvSofctTvW8oTXw0Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881911900262840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the oxidation status of Duolang mutton, figureFileSmall=PFk+WeSxnP770D6C9QNI/A==, figureFileBig=VDsCXIv3+XtC3KF8N3QTyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881911967371705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=CN, label=图5, caption=冻融次数对多浪羊肉肌红蛋白氧化状态的影响

注:同一指标不同字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=PFk+WeSxnP770D6C9QNI/A==, figureFileBig=VDsCXIv3+XtC3KF8N3QTyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881912118366650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the protein structure of Duolang mutton, figureFileSmall=7/rl4kyyyxuYJWijInhDSQ==, figureFileBig=TFXJkv2CaUwc52FudjCm0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881912181281211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=CN, label=图6, caption=冻融次数对多浪羊肉蛋白质结构的影响

注:不同字母表示数据差异性显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=7/rl4kyyyxuYJWijInhDSQ==, figureFileBig=TFXJkv2CaUwc52FudjCm0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881912248390076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Correlation analysis of various indicators, figureFileSmall=oSkDN0osaFidBu6ohFXlAQ==, figureFileBig=5lyXBfxlI1CX0uQKFSCUWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881912336470461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各项指标的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=oSkDN0osaFidBu6ohFXlAQ==, figureFileBig=5lyXBfxlI1CX0uQKFSCUWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881912428745150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the color of Duolang mutton

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数L*a*b*
038.63±0.95a16.15±0.54bc7.08±0.44e
133.08±0.04d17.08±1.23b11.15±0.40b
232.53±0.20de18.14±0.43a11.45±0.49ab
335.48±0.36c15.63±0.05c12.13±0.55a
436.52±0.23b16.04±0.06bc10.91±0.21b
532.06±0.19e14.60±0.36d9.41±0.25c
630.01±0.59f13.01±0.37e8.46±0.28d
), ArticleFig(id=1320881912491659711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

冻融次数对多浪羊肉色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数L*a*b*
038.63±0.95a16.15±0.54bc7.08±0.44e
133.08±0.04d17.08±1.23b11.15±0.40b
232.53±0.20de18.14±0.43a11.45±0.49ab
335.48±0.36c15.63±0.05c12.13±0.55a
436.52±0.23b16.04±0.06bc10.91±0.21b
532.06±0.19e14.60±0.36d9.41±0.25c
630.01±0.59f13.01±0.37e8.46±0.28d
), ArticleFig(id=1320881912579740096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the texture of Duolang mutton

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数硬度(g)黏性(g·s)弹性胶着性(g)内聚性(g)
02102.72±23.16c36.59±7.54c0.89±0.04a3182.75±119.20a0.89±0.04a
12602.12±202.49bc41.35±3.5c0.80±0.07a2961.95±195.60a0.84±0.07a
22848.51±298.88b50.65±9.05bc0.79±0.04a2377.81±168.56b0.78±0.05a
33203.09±578.56ab63.80±7.78ab0.66±0.86a2167.17±184.48b0.65±0.07b
42602.12±202.49bc59.71±13.45ab0.65±0.60a1851.13±168.09c0.62±0.02bc
53500.21±445.65a68.36±5.04a0.62±0.06a1590.63±227.33cd0.58±0.06bc
63754.20±340.95a66.32±5.19a0.60±0.07a1450.39±127.39d0.52±0.09c
), ArticleFig(id=1320881914249073089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

冻融次数对多浪羊肉质构的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数硬度(g)黏性(g·s)弹性胶着性(g)内聚性(g)
02102.72±23.16c36.59±7.54c0.89±0.04a3182.75±119.20a0.89±0.04a
12602.12±202.49bc41.35±3.5c0.80±0.07a2961.95±195.60a0.84±0.07a
22848.51±298.88b50.65±9.05bc0.79±0.04a2377.81±168.56b0.78±0.05a
33203.09±578.56ab63.80±7.78ab0.66±0.86a2167.17±184.48b0.65±0.07b
42602.12±202.49bc59.71±13.45ab0.65±0.60a1851.13±168.09c0.62±0.02bc
53500.21±445.65a68.36±5.04a0.62±0.06a1590.63±227.33cd0.58±0.06bc
63754.20±340.95a66.32±5.19a0.60±0.07a1450.39±127.39d0.52±0.09c
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反复冻融对多浪羊肉品质特性的影响
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程秀峰 1 , 孙艺倾 1 , 王莉 1 , 曾俊 1 , 刘振东 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(16): 176-184
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (16) : 176 -184
反复冻融对多浪羊肉品质特性的影响
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Agricultural and Livestock Products in the Xizang Autonomous Region, College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881910201569701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, authorId=1320881910012826018, language=CN, stringName=刘振东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2西藏农牧大学食品科学学院,西藏自治区特色农畜产品精深加工与高值化利用重点实验室,西藏林芝 860000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881907403968905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881903993999733, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881907412357514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, 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程秀峰1 , 孙艺倾1, 王莉1, 曾俊1, 刘振东2, *
作者信息
  • 1喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,新疆喀什 844000
  • 2西藏农牧大学食品科学学院,西藏自治区特色农畜产品精深加工与高值化利用重点实验室,西藏林芝 860000
通讯作者:
刘振东(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工与利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

程秀峰(1998−),男,硕士,助教,研究方向:肉制品加工与利用,E-mail:

Impact of Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles on Quality Characteristics of Duolang Mutton
Xiufeng CHENG1 , Yiqing SUN1, Li WANG1, Jun ZENG1, Zhendong LIU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Deep Processing and High-Value Utilization of Specialty Agricultural and Livestock Products in the Xizang Autonomous Region, College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100346
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为探究反复冻融对多浪羊肉品质特性的影响,以腰背最长肌为研究对象,经6次冻融循环后,测定其食用品质、安全品质、质构特性及蛋白氧化相关指标。结果表明,随着冻融次数增加,多浪羊肉品质呈显著劣变趋势(P<0.05)。食用品质方面,pH呈先升高后降低趋势,水分活度与持水力显著下降,剪切力由35.52 N降至19.98 N;色泽稳定性显著变差,脱氧肌红蛋白与高铁肌红蛋白相对含量分别增加 17.81%、10.17%,氧合肌红蛋白相对含量由45.98%降至20.11%,亮度(L*)值先下降,中期有所回升后再次下降,红度(a*)值及黄度(b*)值先升高后降低;质构特性方面,硬度与黏性显著上升,胶着性、内聚性显著下降,弹性呈缓慢降低趋势(P>0.05);安全品质与氧化特性方面,硫代巴比妥酸(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS)值从1.42 mg/kg上升至2.35 mg/kg,脂肪氧化程度加剧;总挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)值先升高后降低;总巯基含量从18.59 μmol/g pro降至10.33 μmol/g pro,羰基含量从4.61 μmol/g pro升高至7.23 μmol/g pro,二硫键含量先降低后升高,表明蛋白质氧化程度加剧。综上,反复冻融通过加剧蛋白质与脂肪氧化、破坏肌肉结构,显著加剧多浪羊肉品质劣变,且随着冻融次数增加,羊肉劣化程度逐渐加剧。

反复冻融  /  多浪羊肉  /  食用品质  /  安全品质  /  蛋白氧化程度

This study explored how repeated freeze-thaw cycles affect the quality of Duolang mutton, using the Longissimus dorsi muscle. After six cycles, measurements were taken for eating quality, safety parameters, texture properties, and indicators related to protein oxidation. Results showed a clear trend of quality degradation in the mutton as freeze-thaw cycles increased (P<0.05). Regarding eating quality, pH first rose and then fell. Water activity and water-holding capacity dropped significantly, while shear force decreased from 35.52 N to 19.98 N. Color stability worsened markedly, with the relative contents of deoxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin increased by 17.81% and 10.17%, respectively, whereas oxymyoglobin declined from 45.98% to 20.11%. Lightness (L*) value first decreased, showed a partial recovery mid-process, and then fell again. Redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values initially increased before decreasing. For texture, hardness and adhesiveness rose significantly, whereas gumminess and cohesiveness decreased notably. Springiness showed a gradual declining trend (P>0.05). In terms of safety and oxidation characteristics, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value increased from 1.42 mg/kg to 2.35 mg/kg, indicating advancing lipid oxidation. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) first increased and then decreased. Total sulfhydryl content fell from 18.59 μmol/g pro to 10.33 μmol/g pro, while carbonyl content rose from 4.61 μmol/g pro to 7.23 μmol/g pro. Disulfide bond content first decreased and later increased, collectively pointing to intensified protein oxidation. In summary, repeated freeze-thaw cycles significantly exacerbated the quality deterioration of Duolang mutton by intensifying protein and lipid oxidation and disrupting muscle structure, and the degree of deterioration gradually worsened with increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles.

repeated freeze-thaw cycles  /  Duolang mutton  /  eating quality  /  safety quality  /  degree of protein oxidation
程秀峰, 孙艺倾, 王莉, 曾俊, 刘振东. 反复冻融对多浪羊肉品质特性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 176 -184 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100346
Xiufeng CHENG, Yiqing SUN, Li WANG, Jun ZENG, Zhendong LIU. Impact of Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles on Quality Characteristics of Duolang Mutton[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 176 -184 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100346
多浪羊是新疆南疆地区的地方绵羊品种,也是新疆重点保护并推广的优良品种[1]。凭借其生长发育快、产肉性能高、繁殖能力强等优势,成为当地农牧民的重要经济来源。多浪羊肉营养价值极高,蛋白质含量尤为突出,经检测,其蛋白质含量高达20%以上,显著高于普通绵羊品种[2]。此外,该羊肉脂肪分布均匀,肉质鲜嫩多汁,纤维细腻,咀嚼性好,能更有效地保持肉中水分[3]。目前,中国冷鲜肉与冷冻肉的市场占比逐步上升[4]。冷冻肉在存储、运输和消费过程中,由于冷链技术的缺陷,冷冻温度存在波动,导致冻肉持续处于反复冻融状态[5],这对肉类的营养品质有显著影响。
肉类品质会因反复冻融过程受到多方面影响。由于冻融过程的不稳定性,冰晶会破坏肌肉细胞结构,加速脂质氧化,并改变肌原纤维蛋白结构与功能,从而导致肉品变质,降低其食用价值[6]。目前,已有研究者针对反复冻融对羊肉品质的影响展开了研究。李孟孟等[7]发现冻融次数增加会显著提高羊肉解冻损失率与蒸煮损失率,揭示了冻融过程对羊肉持水性的破坏作用;胡亚萍等[8]通过研究羊肉在不同储存温度下TVB-N值的变化,证实反复冻融可显著提高TVB-N值,明确了蛋白质降解与新鲜度下降的核心规律。多浪羊肉作为具有独特地域特征和品质特性的特色品种,其纤维结构稳定性、水分结合能力及蛋白质与脂肪的构成比例相较于普通羊肉存在显著差异[9],这可能导致其在反复冻融过程中,冰晶对肌纤维机械损伤程度、蛋白质氧化变性速率及水分流失规律等与普通羊肉不同。但目前关于多浪羊肉反复冻融过程中关键指标及品质变化规律等方面,还未见报道。
因此,本实验以多浪羊肉为研究对象,探究反复冻融过程中多浪羊肉食用品质、营养品质及蛋白氧化程度等指标的变化,旨在揭示多浪羊肉在不同储存条件下的品质变化规律。研究结果可为多浪羊肉的科学储存与保鲜提供理论依据,同时为多浪羊产业的发展提供技术支持。
12月龄健康无病多浪羊公羊 体重45 kg,购自喀什牛羊大巴扎,采用天然草地放牧饲养模式;氯化钾 西安拉维亚生物科技有限公司;氧化镁 宁波艾克姆新材料股份有限公司;硼酸 郑州得尔硼业化工有限公司;盐酸 潍坊昌盛硝盐有限公司;甲基红指示剂 上海岑特生物科技有限公司;溴甲酚绿指示剂 上海远慕生物科技有限公司;95%乙醇 上海康朗生物科技有限公司;氯化钠 常德比克曼生物科技有限公司;三氯乙酸(TCA) 上海展云化工有限公司;三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;盐酸胍 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;1,1,3,4-四乙氧基丙烷(TEP) 广东源新化学试剂有限公司;2-硫代巴比妥酸、无水磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钾、2-硝基苯甲酸(DTNB)、考马斯亮蓝G-250、亚硫酸钠、硫氰酸胍 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;尿素、甘氨酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、乙酸乙酯 西陇科学股份有限公司;实验中所用到的试剂均为分析纯。
JEA6001电子天平 上海浦春计量仪器有限公司;FE20实验室pH计 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;NR60CP色差仪 深圳市三恩驰科技有限公司;TA.TOUCH+质构仪 上海保圣实业发展有限公司;K1100F全自动凯氏定氮仪 上海赫冠仪器有限公司;HD-4水分活度测定仪 上海精密仪器仪表有限公司;KJ006可见分光光度计 上海仪电分析仪器有限公司;HH-2A数显恒温水浴锅 常州润华电器有限公司。
参照GB/T 43562-2023 《畜禽屠宰操作规程 羊》对多浪羊进行屠宰,经4 ℃条件下排酸 24 h;屠宰后45 min内取腰背最长肌,剔除表面筋膜及可见脂肪,切割为3 cm×3 cm×2 cm的均匀肉块,经冰袋冷藏运输,2 h内送达实验室,并于4 ℃条件下冷却24 h备用。本实验所有样品均取自同一只羊。
将样品随机分为7组,每组3份肉样。第1组为对照组,选取未经任何冷冻或处理的新鲜多浪羊肉,直接进行各项指标的测定,为后续分析冻融处理对多浪羊肉品质影响提供参考;第2组为冻融第1次组,将样品密封包装后置于−20 ℃冰箱中,持续冷冻48 h,随后转移至4 ℃冰箱进行24 h缓慢解冻。第3组为冻融2次,第4组为冻融3次,依次类推,完成反复冻融处理。
参考郭恒等[10]的方法进行测定。样品解冻后用绞肉机将其绞碎,加入90 mL蒸馏水并搅拌5 min,静置10 min,用pH计进行测定。
按照GB/T 43859-2024《水分活度仪性能测定方法》进行测定。
参考Chen等[11]的方法进行测定。样品解冻完成后,用吸水纸吸干表面水分,使用电子天平分别对解冻前后的多浪羊肉进行精确称量。解冻损失率按照式(1)计算。
$ 解冻损失率(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{1}-{\text{ m}}_{2}}{{\text{m}}_{1}}\times 100 $
式中:m1为解冻前样品质量,g;m2为解冻后样品质量,g。
参考赵亮[12]的方法进行测定。解冻后的多浪羊肉放在上下各三层滤纸中,均匀施加5 kg的力并保持5 min,使用电子天平分别对加压前后的多浪羊肉进行精确称量。加压损失率按照式(2)计算。
$ 加压损失率(\text{%} )=\frac{{\text{m}}_{1}-{\text{ m}}_{2}}{{\text{m}}_{1}}\times 100 $
式中:m1为解冻后未施压样品的质量,g;m2为解冻施压后样品的质量,g。
参考王艳萍等[13]的方法进行测定。解冻后的多浪羊肉放入铝锅中,添加适量的水,水沸时开始计时,煮沸5 min后取出,于室内环境静置5 min,用吸水纸吸干表面水分,使用电子天平分别对蒸煮前后的多浪羊肉进行精确称量。蒸煮损失率按照式(3)计算。
$ 蒸煮损失率(\text{%} )=\frac{{\text{m}}_{1}-{\text{ m}}_{2}}{{\text{m}}_{1}}\times 100 $
式中:m1为解冻后未蒸煮样品的质量,g;m2为解冻蒸煮后样品的质量,g。
将样品沿肌纤维方向切成3 cm×1 cm×1 cm的肉块,探头切割方向与肌纤维垂直。采用TA.TOUCH+质构仪进行测定,用TA/MORS肉剪切刀具,参数设置为:测前速度2 mm/s,测试速度10 mm/s,测后速度10 mm/s,触发力10.0 g。
参考李金平等[14]的方法进行测定。将10 g多浪羊肉切碎后置于容器中,依次添加25 mL 25%三氯乙酸(TCA)与20 mL蒸馏水,高速均质30 s,使肉样与试剂充分混合,随后在1000×g的条件下离心20 min,经中速滤纸二次过滤后取上清液2 mL,加入2 mL 0.02 mol/L硫代巴比妥酸溶液,混合均匀后于沸水浴中加热20 min,反应结束后采用流水冷却5 min,在532 nm波长处测吸光度。丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的计算以1,1,3,4-四乙氧基丙烷(TEP)作为标准物标定后折算。
$ \text{X}=\frac{\text{c}\times \text{V}\times 1000}{\text{m}\times 1000} $
式中:c为从标准曲线求得的MDA浓度,mg/L;V为反应体系总体积,mL;m为样品取样质量,g;1000为单位换算系数。
参考GB 5009.228-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定》(第二法),使用全自动凯氏定氮仪法测定。
参考Krzywicki等[15]的方法进行测定。将5 g羊肉与20 mL浓度为0.04 mol/L磷酸钠缓冲液(pH6.8)混合,在20 ℃室温下匀浆25 s,于4 ℃冰箱中静置1 h后15 ℃、950×g条件下离心30 min。所得上清液过滤后用磷酸钠缓冲液定容至25 mL,并涡旋15 s使其充分混匀,分别测其A525 nm、A545 nm、A565 nm、A572 nm。结果按式(5)~式(7)计算:
$ \begin{split} &脱氧肌红蛋白相对含量(\text{%} )=\\&\left(\frac{0.369\times {\text{A}}_{\text{572 nm}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{525 nm}}} + \frac{1.140\times {\text{A}}_{\text{565 nm}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{525 nm}}} - \frac{0.941\times {\text{A}}_{\text{545 nm}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{525 nm}}} + 0.015\right) \times 100 \end{split}$
$ \begin{split}&氧合肌红蛋白相对含量(\text{%} )=\\&\left(\frac{0.882\times {\text{A}}_{\text{572 nm}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{525 nm}}} + \frac{0.809\times {\text{A}}_{\text{545 nm}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{525 nm}}} - \frac{1.267\times {\text{A}}_{\text{565 nm}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{525 nm}}} - 0.361\right) \times 100 \end{split}$
$ \begin{split}&高铁肌红蛋白相对含量(\text{%} )=\\&\left(-\frac{2.514 \times {\text{A}}_{572\text{nm}}}{{\text{A}}_{525\text{nm}}} + \frac{0.777 \times {\text{A}}_{565\text{nm}}}{{\text{A}}_{525\text{nm}}} + \frac{0.800 \times {\text{A}}_{545\text{nm}}}{{\text{A}}_{525\text{nm}}} + 1.098\right) \times 100 \end{split}$
参考谷贵章等[16]的方法进行测定。将完全解冻的羊肉于室温下存放15 min,取背最长肌中无筋膜、无脂肪的均匀肌肉区域,色差仪测其L*、a*和b*值。
参考田锐花等[17]的方法。多浪羊肉完全解冻后切成3 cm×3 cm×2 cm的小块,采用质构仪测定,测试参数设置为:直径50 mm的圆柱形探头(TA25),压缩距离为5 mm,测试速度为0.5 mm/s,数据频率5点/s,压缩2次。
参考Xiong等[18]的方法进行多浪羊MP的制备,制备过程在4 ℃条件下进行。采用双缩脲法对制备好的MP进行蛋白浓度测定,标准曲线方程为y=0.0649x+0.0012,R2=0.9987。测定后的MP置于4 ℃冰箱内备用。
参考Ellman[19]的方法进行测定。称取0.5 mL浓度为2 mg/mL的MP溶液,加入8 mol/L尿素的Tris-甘氨酸(10.4 g Tris,6.9 g甘氨酸,每升加入1.2 g EDTA,pH8.0)2.5 mL,每隔1.5 min添加0.02 mL DTNB(0.004 g DTNB溶解于Tris-甘氨酸后定容到1 mL,并全程避光),首次添加DTNB后开始计时,经25 min后立即测其A412 nm,测量过程需严格控制时间,且保持避光环境。总巯基含量依据摩尔消光系数13600 L/(mol·cm)进行计算,蛋白的实际溶解量用考马斯亮蓝法进行测定,标准曲线方程为y=0.01116x+0.001,R2=0.9991,按照式(8)计算。
$ 总巯基含量(\text{μmol/g pro})=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{412 nm}}\times {10}^{6}}{1.36\times {10}^{4}\times \rho } $
式中:106为单位转换系数;ρ为考马斯亮蓝法在595 nm波长处蛋白质量浓度,mg/mL。
参考Oliver等[20]的方法进行测定。取1 mL浓度为25 mg/mL MP溶液于离心管中,每个管中加入2 mL 10 mmol/L 的DNPH溶液,每隔15 min使用涡旋振荡器振荡。随后每管加入2 mL 20%的三氯乙酸,以10000 r/min条件离心5 min,除去上清液。取体积比为1:1的乙酸乙酯-乙醇溶液4 mL,对沉淀进行3次洗涤。随后向沉淀中加入3 mL浓度为6 mol/L的盐酸胍,于37 ℃环境下15 min使其充分溶解,再次以相同条件离心3 min,以去除不溶物。取上清液,测得A370 nm,结果根据摩尔消光系数22000 L/(mol·cm)计算。采用Lowry法,以血清白蛋白为标准,测定280 nm波长处蛋白含量,所得标准曲线为y=0.688x−0.0002,R2=0.9983。样品离心弃上清液前,均静置10 min。
$ 羰基含量(\text{μmol/g pro})=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{370 nm}}\times {10}^{6}}{2.2\times {10}^{4}\times \rho } $
式中:106为单位转换系数;ρ为280 nm处以盐酸胍为空白测得的蛋白质量浓度,mg/mL。
参考Thannhauser等[21]的方法进行测定。在pH7.5条件下,将10 mL 1 mol/L的Na2SO3与100 mg DTNB混合,于38 ℃通入氧气,该过程溶液由亮红色变为淡黄色(约45 min),制得2-硝基-5-硫代苯磺酸酯(NTSB)储备液,NTSB需现配现用。取甘氨酸3.755 g、EDTA 0.88 g、Na2SO3 12.6 g、硫氰酸胍236.32 g,用蒸馏水定容至1000 mL后将NTSB与该混合液以1:100体积比稀释(pH9.5),得到NTSB使用液。再将0.25 mL MP溶液与3 mL NTSB混合并涡旋振荡。随后于室温下避光静置25 min,测得A412 nm,结果根据式(10)计算,摩尔消光系数以13900 L/(mol·cm)计算。
$ 二硫键含量(\text{μmol/g pro})=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{412 nm}}\times \text{V}\times {10}^{6}}{13900\times \text{m}} $
式中:V为反应总体积;106为单位转换系数;13900 L/(mol·cm)为摩尔消光系数;m为体系中蛋白质质量,g。
每组实验重复3次,实验结果用平均值±标准差表示,利用IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件,通过单因素方差分析(analysis of variance,ANOVA)和Duncan's多重比较方法检验(P<0.05)进行比较,用Origin 2025绘制图表。
pH是反映肉类品质的关键指标,其值变化直接影响肉类的加工特性与食用品质[22]。如图1所示,随着冻融次数的增加,多浪羊肉pH呈先上升后下降趋势(P<0.05),第2次冻融后pH呈最高值,随后持续下降且表现为酸性。pH上升可能是冻融导致肌细胞结构破坏,肌纤维开始断裂,蛋白质发生降解,释放出了三甲胺等碱性物质,也可能是冻融过程中微生物繁殖并产生蛋白酶使肌肉中蛋白质、氨基酸等含氮物质分解[23−24]。pH下降可能是肌肉中糖原持续消耗,导致乳酸等酸性物质积累,也可能是微生物增殖与酶活性增强,使蛋白质分解酸性物质[25]。
水分活度是肉制品品质与安全的核心指标。如图1所示,随着冻融次数的增加,多浪羊肉水分活度呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05)。一方面,冻融过程中冰晶会对肌肉细胞造成机械损伤,破坏细胞膜完整性,促使汁液大量流失,自由水绝对含量降低,总水分含量下降[26],最终导致水分活度降低。另一方面,反复冻融会引发蛋白质变性,疏水基团暴露,部分结合水释放为自由水[27],水分更易随汁液流失,进一步推动水分活度降低。
保水性是衡量肉类在贮藏和蒸煮过程中持水能力的关键指标[28]。如图2所示,随着冻融次数增加,多浪羊肉的解冻损失率、加压损失率及蒸煮损失率均呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。这一规律与Lagerstedt等[29]的研究结果一致。一方面,冻融过程中冰晶的形成与融化会破坏细胞膜及肌纤维结构,使细胞间隙增大,导致细胞内液渗出[30],进一步破坏肌纤维结构完整性。另一方面,反复冻融使肌肉蛋白空间结构改变,疏水基团暴露,蛋白质与水分结合力减弱,导致其在外界压力或蒸煮过程中水分更易流失,表现为损失率升高。
剪切力是衡量肉类嫩度的关键指标,剪切力越小,肉嫩度越好[31]。如图3所示,随着冻融次数增加,多浪羊肉的剪切力呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),这与Yu等[32]的研究结果相似。新鲜多浪羊肉的最大剪切力为35.52 N,第3次冻融后剪切力下降速率趋于平缓,经6次冻融后最终降至19.98 N。初期快速下降是由于冷冻时冰晶破坏肌纤维膜结构,解冻后冰晶融化使肌纤维间隙增大,导致肌肉纤维韧性下降;后期缓慢下降可能因多次冻融使肌纤维膜严重破裂,肌原纤维排列松散程度趋于饱和,且冰晶的形成与融化会破坏细胞溶酶体结构,促使酶释放,导致肌原纤维蛋白降解,最终使剪切力整体呈下降趋势[33]。
TBARS值是评估肉类脂肪氧化程度的重要指标,可用于衡量脂肪氧化过程中过氧化物及其他有害物质的生成量[34]。如图4所示,随着冻融次数的增加,多浪羊肉TBARS值呈上升趋势(P<0.05),由1.42 mg/kg上升至2.35 mg/kg。这与Ali等[35]的研究结果一致。0~2次冻融时上升速率较快,第3次冻融后相对平稳。冻融初期冰晶对细胞的机械性损伤会释放氧化酶和促氧化物质,加速脂质氧化[36],而多浪羊肉脂肪分布均匀的品种特性,会增大脂肪与促氧化物质的接触面积,进一步加速脂质氧化。后期随着冻融次数增加,脂质氧化底物逐渐被消耗,使TBARS值上升趋势变缓。
TVB-N值是评价肉制品新鲜程度的重要指标之一。由图4可知,随着冻融次数的增加,多浪羊肉的TVB-N值呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势。冻融第2次后TVB-N值达到13.16 mg/100 g,第5次降至8.99 mg/100 g,第6次又有所回升。初期升高是由于冻融时冰晶破坏细胞结构,微生物分泌的蛋白酶被释放,加速肌肉蛋白分解,产生大量氨基酸、胺类等含氮物质,同时冰晶破裂使营养物质流失,内源性酶活性增强并促进微生物繁殖,加剧TVB-N积累,导致羊肉变质[37]。后期降低因冻融过程中冰晶破坏微生物细胞结构,同时导致内源酶失活,抑制微生物代谢和酶促反应,从而使蛋白质降解能力减弱,含氮物质生成量减少[38]。第6次冻融后又有所回升可能因长期反复冻融筛选出耐低温微生物,这类微生物在低温波动中逐渐适应,重新利用残留蛋白质产生氨或胺类[39]。
脱氧肌红蛋白、氧合肌红蛋白和高铁肌红蛋白分别呈紫色、鲜红色和褐色,直接影响羊肉的色泽[40]。如图5所示,随着冻融次数的增加,多浪羊肉的脱氧肌红蛋白和高铁肌红蛋白相对含量呈上升趋势(P<0.05),相比为冻融时,二者分别增加了17.81%、10.17%;氧合肌红蛋白相对含量呈下降趋势(P<0.05),相比为冻融时,由45.98%降至20.11%。冻融过程中冰晶破坏细胞结构,导致氧气逸出,同时脂肪氧化产生的氧化产物会加速肌红蛋白氧化分解[41],使氧合肌红蛋白转化为脱氧肌红蛋白,进一步氧化生成高铁肌红蛋白。此外,细胞损伤释放的活性氧物质使肌肉中氧化酶活性增强,加速氧合肌红蛋白氧化为高铁肌红蛋白,从而影响羊肉色泽[42]。
肉色作为肉品的重要感官品质,其优劣直接影响消费者的选择[43]。由表1可知,随着冻融次数的增加,多浪羊肉的L*、a*、b*值呈现不同程度的变化。L*值在冻融0~2次时显著下降,3~4次时有所回升(P<0.05),5~6次时再次显著下降(P<0.05);a*和b*值整体呈先升高后降低趋势(P<0.05),a*值在第4次冻融时出现了短暂回升。L*值初期降低是由于冻融过程中冰晶破坏肌纤维结构,使氧合肌红蛋白(鲜红色)逐渐转化为脱氧肌红蛋白(紫红色),甚至高铁肌红蛋白(褐色),导致肉色变暗,也可能是反复冻融使细胞间隙增大,水分频繁进出细胞,光线吸收和散射增多,无法有效反射[44]。中期随着冻融次数增加,肌纤维膜通透性增强,导致肌纤维间隙增大,光线散射作用增强,L*值回升。后期L*值降低可能因多次冻融使肌纤维反复受冰晶挤压,组织结构被破坏,光线反射能力下降。a*值初期升高是由于冻融改变肉的微观结构,氧气更易进入肉内部与肌红蛋白结合,使其转化为氧合肌红蛋白,导致羊肉红色加深;后期因反复冻融引起脂肪氧化,其产物与肌红蛋白发生反应,降低肌红蛋白稳定性,加速其向高铁肌红蛋白转化,导致羊肉红色变深,a*值降低。第4次冻融时出现回升,可能是短期蛋白氧化速率减缓,使游离肌红蛋白短暂累积。b*值初期升高可能因冻融改变细胞结构,使微量黄色色素重新分布,更易显现黄色,同时肌红蛋白等主要色素的降解和脂肪氧化也间接影响黄色呈现[45];后期降低可能因为汁液大量流失导致可溶性黄色物质减少,同时脂质氧化程度不断加剧,其产物不仅加速肌红蛋白氧化,还会引发肉品整体褐变[46]。
质构特性是影响肉品风味、嫩度及适口性的关键因素[47]。由表2可知,随着冻融次数增加,多浪羊肉硬度和黏性整体呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),第4次冻融时出现了短暂下降。1~3次冻融时,因冰晶对肌纤维结构的损伤导致汁液流失,同时降低持水能力导致水分渗出,引起硬度和黏性上升[48];第4次冻融时,可能因肌纤维结构受损及蛋白降解程度加剧,硬度与黏性短暂回落;第5、6次冻融时,蛋白质氧化与降解后空间结构发生变化,分子间形成交联,同时因微生物繁殖加速肉质腐败并产生黏液,最终导致硬度与黏性再次回升[49−50]。弹性、胶着性及内聚性逐渐下降,其中胶着性和内聚性下降趋势显著。这是由于冻融过程冰晶对肌肉纤维造成机械性损伤,使肉质结构更加松散,进而降低其弹性、胶着性及内聚性[51]。
如图6所示,随着冻融次数增加,多浪羊肉总巯基含量呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),由18.59 μmol/g pro降至10.33 μmol/g pro;羰基含量显著上升,由4.61 μmol/g pro升高至7.23 μmol/g pro。二硫键含量先降低后升高(P<0.05)。冻融过程产生的活性氧将羊肉中巯基氧化为二硫键,导致总巯基含量降低[52];同时细胞膜完整性被破坏,使细胞内氧化环境改变,加速巯基氧化。羰基含量升高是由于反复冻融使肌肉蛋白中氨基酸氧化,生成羰基化合物[53];同时细胞结构损伤引起脂肪氧化,其产生的醛类物质与蛋白质反应也会增加羰基含量。二硫键含量初期短暂降低可能因冰晶机械损伤使其断裂;第2次冻融后,蛋白质中巯基持续氧化,且蛋白质变性使巯基大量暴露,促进了二硫键的形成[54],导致其含量升高。此外,多浪羊肉的高蛋白特性使其肌原纤维蛋白表面疏水性更强,冻融过程中更易因冰晶机械损伤而暴露活性基团,加之脂肪氧化产生的自由基[55],最终加速蛋白质的氧化。
相关性分析是探索变量间线性关系的统计方法,可揭示变量间的内在联系,为提出科学假设、明确研究方向提供依据[56]。如图7所示,水分活度与保水性、氧化程度及硬度、黏性、胶着性及内聚性等指标呈极显著相关(P<0.001),是影响肉类品质的关键因素。水分活度越高,羊肉汁液流失越严重,且蛋白氧化、肌红蛋白变色、蛋白结构与质构变化越明显。解冻、加压及蒸煮损失率相互呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),表明冻融过程中羊肉水分流失特性具有一致性。剪切力与TBARS值、肌红蛋白氧化指标、总巯基含量、羰基含量及胶着性、内聚性均呈极显著相关(P<0.001),其值升高会引起蛋白氧化、肌红蛋白变色、蛋白结构破坏及质构变化。TBARS值与肌红蛋白氧化、蛋白结构及硬度等质构指标呈极显著相关(P<0.001),表明脂肪的氧化可能通过产生的氧化产物加速肌红蛋白氧化、破坏蛋白质结构,进而影响肉品质构。L*、a*值与肌红蛋白相对含量极显著相关(P<0.01),说明肌红蛋白相对含量变化影响肉色呈现。总巯基、羰基及二硫键含量相互呈显著相关(P<0.01),且与硬度等质构指标显著相关(P<0.01),表明蛋白质氧化通过破坏肌原纤维蛋白结构直接影响肉品品质。本实验结果表明反复冻融显著影响多浪羊肉的品质和质构特性,建议在实际生产与销售中优化冷藏运销链,避免冷冻环节温度波动,以保证羊肉品质。
本研究以多浪羊肉为研究对象,探究反复冻融处理对其品质及质构特性的影响。结果显示,冻融循环对多浪羊肉的理化性质与感官品质存在显著影响,随着冻融次数增加,持水力显著下降,剪切力由35.52 N降至19.98 N;脱氧肌红蛋白与高铁肌红蛋白相对含量分别增加 17.81%、10.17%,氧合肌红蛋白相对含量降低25.87%;TBARS值由1.42 mg/kg升至2.35 mg/kg。反复冻融过程中,冰晶的形成与重结晶对羊肉肌纤维造成机械性损伤,进一步加剧脂肪氧化与蛋白质变性;脂肪氧化加速氧合肌红蛋白的降解,导致肉色变暗、色泽稳定性降低,同时加速蛋白质氧化;此外,汁液流失与蛋白质氧化作用,使羊肉硬度、黏性升高,弹性、胶着性及内聚性降低,最终导致肉质粗糙、口感变差。综上表明,反复冻融会通过肌纤维机械损伤、脂肪与蛋白质氧化作用,使多浪羊肉肉色变暗、质构劣化、营养成分流失,直接影响其食用品质与安全性。因此,在多浪羊肉生产、贮藏、运输环节,应完善冷链技术以避免反复冻融的发生。

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2026年第47卷第16期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100346
  • 接收时间:2025-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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    1喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,新疆喀什 844000
    2西藏农牧大学食品科学学院,西藏自治区特色农畜产品精深加工与高值化利用重点实验室,西藏林芝 860000

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刘振东(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工与利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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