Article(id=1320881450044477500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767110400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852278480, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852278480, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852278480, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852278480, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=419, endPage=428, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881450367438909, articleId=1320881450044477500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Epipremnum aureum-derived Carbon Dots-based Fluorescent Sensing System for the Detection of Tetracycline in Three Types of Meat Products, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To enable sensitive detection of antibiotic residues in meat products, red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) with dual-emission, synthesized by one step via a solvothermal method using biomass Epipremnum aureum as the carbon source, were employed to construct a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for detecting tetracycline (TC) residues in three types of meat products. The results demonstrated that the R-CDs were well-dispersed and quasi-spherical, composed of amorphous carbon cores and conjugated sp2 domains, with surfaces rich in -OH, -NH2, -COOH, and aromatic active groups. The R-CDs exhibited good fluorescence stability under the conditions of a 10-fold dilution, pH7.0, an incubation time of 15 min, and temperatures of 15~60 ℃. Upon excitation at 410 nm, the R-CDs displayed distinct dual-emission peaks at 505 nm and 672 nm. TC selectively quenched the fluorescence at 672 nm while enhancing the emission at 505 nm, enabling a ratiometric sensing platform based on the intensity ratio (F505/F672). The sensor demonstrated a good linear response in the range of 0~4.00 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.091 μg/mL, and exhibited high selectivity toward TC. Furthermore, a semi-quantitative visual detection method was developed using smartphone-based image analysis with RGB signals, achieving a detection limit of 0.024 μg/mL within the range of 0~2.50 μg/mL. Spiked recovery tests on pork, chicken, and beef samples yielded recoveries ranging from 96.80% to 104.20%, with relative standard deviations of less than 2.41%, confirming the method’s accuracy and reliability. This study contributes to a green, sensitive, and practical strategy for the on-site, rapid, and visual monitoring of TC residues in food.

, authors=Hui WANG1, *, Xiaoyu LUO1, 2, Chengqian LI1, 2, Yong HAN1, *, authorsList=Hui WANG, Xiaoyu LUO, Chengqian LI, Yong HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui WANG, Yong HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881452011606093, articleId=1320881450044477500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=绿萝衍生碳点荧光传感体系检测三种肉制品中的四环素, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现对肉制品中抗生素残留的灵敏检测,本研究以生物质材料绿萝为碳源,通过乙醇溶剂热法一步合成了具有双发射特征的红色荧光碳点(Red-emitting carbon dots,R-CDs),并构建了一种比率荧光传感器,用于检测三种肉制品中的四环素(Tetracycline,TC)残留。结果表明,该R-CDs呈分散良好的类球形,由无定形碳核与共轭sp2结构域组成,且表面富含-OH、-NH2、-COOH及芳香族活性基团。在稀释倍数为10、pH7.0、时间15 min、温度15~60 ℃下具有良好的荧光稳定性。在410 nm激发下,R-CDs在505 nm和672 nm处呈现出双发射峰。TC可特异性猝灭672 nm处荧光并同步增强505 nm处荧光,据此建立了基于荧光强度比值(F505/F672)变化的比率传感平台。该传感器在0~4.00 μg/mL范围内线性良好,检出限为0.091 μg/mL,并表现出对TC的高选择性。进一步结合智能手机图像分析,开发了基于RGB信号的可视化半定量检测方法,在0~2.50 μg/mL线性范围内检出限达0.024 μg/mL。在猪肉、鸡肉和牛肉的加标回收试验中,回收率为96.80%~104.20%,相对标准偏差低于2.41%,证实了方法的准确性与可靠性。本研究为食品中TC残留的现场、快速、可视化检测提供了一种绿色、灵敏且实用的新策略。

, authors=汪慧1, *, 罗晓羽1, 2, 李承谦1, 2, 韩雍1, *, authorsList=汪慧, 罗晓羽, 李承谦, 韩雍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=汪慧, 韩雍, authorNote=

汪慧(1985−),女,硕士研究生,副教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
汪慧(1985−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:。
韩雍(1980−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=7KBBP6VYr8NJ5kVdMart3w==, magXml=n9l/7xJekcEbTPT3wB0CEw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=eVq9pBXcUrhC5hKcFIS5GA==, pdfFileSize=17964057, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Iw8mcBHQRuCmoWJjemCD/Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=CmU+ojXNgJDosnPniHRbKw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320881688780063701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=whui0850@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881688851366871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881688780063701, language=EN, stringName=Hui WANG, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881688910087128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881688780063701, language=CN, stringName=汪慧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000, bio={"content":"

汪慧(1985−),女,硕士研究生,副教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

汪慧(1985−),女,硕士研究生,副教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881688599708622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688608097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688620680144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000)])]), Author(id=1320881688973001690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881689077859293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881688973001690, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyu LUO, firstName=Xiaoyu, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881689153356766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881688973001690, language=CN, stringName=罗晓羽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000
2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881688599708622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688608097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688620680144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881688691983313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688700371922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688708760531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050)])]), Author(id=1320881690801718240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881690877215715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881690801718240, language=EN, stringName=Chengqian LI, firstName=Chengqian, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881690935935972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881690801718240, language=CN, stringName=李承谦, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000
2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881688599708622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688608097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688620680144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881688691983313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688700371922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688708760531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050)])]), Author(id=1320881690994656230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hy0850@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881691078542312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881690994656230, language=EN, stringName=Yong HAN, firstName=Yong, middleName=null, lastName=HAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881691149845481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881690994656230, language=CN, stringName=韩雍, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881688599708622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688608097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688620680144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1320881691326006250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=carbon dots), Keyword(id=1320881691401503723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=ratiometric fluorescence), Keyword(id=1320881691468612588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=visual detection), Keyword(id=1320881691565081581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=tetracycline), Keyword(id=1320881691632190446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=碳点), Keyword(id=1320881691703493615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=比率荧光), Keyword(id=1320881691787379696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=可视化检测), Keyword(id=1320881691871265777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=四环素)], refs=[Reference(id=1320881693565763587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RONG M, HUANG Y, LIN C, et al. Recent advances in optical sensing for tetracycline antibiotics[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2024, 178: 117839., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695205736452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG W, BAI X, WANG B, et al. Biomass-derived carbon dots and their applications[J]. Energy & Environmental Materials, 2019, 2(3): 172−192., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695293816837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN J, AN M, ZHAO X, et al. Advances in fluorescent sensing carbon dots: An account of food analysis[J]. ACS Omega, 2023, 8(10): 9031., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695390285830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VANBAELEN T, MANOHARAN-BASIL S S, KENYON C. 45 years of tetracycline post exposure prophylaxis for STIs and the risk of tetracycline resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2024, 24(1): 376., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695486754823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MANDLATE J S, SOARES B M, SEEGER T S, et al. Determination of cadmium and lead at sub-ppt level in soft drinks: An efficient combination between dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry[J]. Food Chemistry, 2017, 221: 907., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695574835208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AYERDURAI V, CIEPLAK M, KUTNER W. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for food contaminants determination[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2023, 158: 116830., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695658721289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUMAR J V, RHIM J W. Fluorescent carbon quantum dots for food contaminants detection applications[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12(2): 111999., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695755190282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙甲, 衡辉, 谷庆阳. 荧光碳点的性能及其应用研究进展[J]. 中国无机分析化学, 2025, 15(9): 1405−410. [SUN J, HENG H, GU Q Y. Research progress on properties and applications of fluorescent carbon dots[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, 2025, 15(9): 1405−410.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695830687755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN J, HENG H, GU Q Y. Research progress on properties and applications of fluorescent carbon dots[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, 2025, 15(9): 1405−410., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695897796620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李贇, 王群芳, 黄楠, 等. 碳点荧光探针的绿色化学进展[J]. 广州化学, 2025, 50(2): 20−27. [LI Y, WANG Q F, HUANG N, et al. Progress in green chemistry of carbon dots material as fluorescent probes[J]. Guangzhou Chemistry, 2025, 50(2): 20−27.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881695964905485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y, WANG Q F, HUANG N, et al. Progress in green chemistry of carbon dots material as fluorescent probes[J]. Guangzhou Chemistry, 2025, 50(2): 20−27., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696044597262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CUI L, REN X, SUN M, et al. Carbon dots: Synthesis, properties and applications[J]. Nanomaterials, 2021, 11(12): 3419., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696124289039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU S, YANG B. Carbon dots are shining in the world[J]. SmartMat, 2022, 3(2): 207., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696229146640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG X, YU S, CAI J, et al. A ratiometric fluorescent platform based on xylan-derived carbon dots for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2025, 228: 120871., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696321421329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA J, SUN L, GAO F, et al. A review of dual-emission carbon dots and their applications[J]. Molecules, 2023, 28(24): 8134., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696405307410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钱敏捷, 胡钦. 荧光碳点在食品检测中的应用[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2021(28): 156−158. [QIAN M J, HU Q. Application of fluorescent carbon dots in food detection[J]. Food Safety Guide, 2021(28): 156−158.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696472416275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIAN M J, HU Q. Application of fluorescent carbon dots in food detection[J]. Food Safety Guide, 2021(28): 156−158., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696564690964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄杨, 高田毅, 朱宏星, 等. 基于生物基质碳点构建荧光探针用于腌腊肉制品中亚硝酸盐的检测[J]. 食品工业科技, 2022, 43(14): 354−361. [HUANG Y, GAO T Y, ZHU H X, et al. A fluorescent probe based on biological matrix carbon dots for the detection of nitrite in cured meat products[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(14): 354−361.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696724074517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Y, GAO T Y, ZHU H X, et al. A fluorescent probe based on biological matrix carbon dots for the detection of nitrite in cured meat products[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(14): 354−361., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696807960598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡伟英, 叶锡光, 陈忠正, 等. 普洱茶-硒掺杂碳量子点和单质硒的同时制备及其在Fe3+检测中的应用[J]. 食品工业科技, 2023, 44(3): 316−324. [HU W Y, YE X G, CHEN Z Z, et al. Simultaneous preparation of Pu-erh tea-selenium-doped carbon quantum dots and elemental selenium and its application in Fe3+ detection[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 316−324.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696883458071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU W Y, YE X G, CHEN Z Z, et al. Simultaneous preparation of Pu-erh tea-selenium-doped carbon quantum dots and elemental selenium and its application in Fe3+ detection[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 316−324., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881696984121368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙昊雪, 孙梦影, 张巍元, 等. 生物质碳点的合成及应用进展[J]. 河北科技师范学院学报, 2024, 38(3): 59. [SUN H X, SUN M Y, ZHANG W Y, et al. Synthesis and application progress of biomass carbon dots[J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 2024, 38(3): 59.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881697059618841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN H X, SUN M Y, ZHANG W Y, et al. Synthesis and application progress of biomass carbon dots[J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 2024, 38(3): 59., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881697139310618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ABDULLAHI H, NYANDAT E, GAL EFFI C, et al. Cyclohexanols of Halleria lucida[J]. Phytochemistry, 1986, 25(12): 2821., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881697235779611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H, LI C, LUO X, et al. Biomass-derived multi-emissive carbon dots-based ratiometric fluorescence and visual detection of residual chlortetracycline hydrochloride and hemin chloride in food matrix[J]. Microchemical Journal, 2026, 223: 117350., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881697302888476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DIVYA S, NARAYAN S, AINAVARAPU S R K, et al. Insight into the excitation-dependent fluorescence of carbon dots[J]. Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry, 2019, 20: 984., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881697361608733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何谐, 雒雪丽, 李春花, 等. 氮掺杂碳点的开关型荧光传感器检测蔬菜中的生物硫醇[J]. 食品工业科技, 2019, 40(11): 178. [HE X, LUO X L, LI C H, et al. Detection of biothiols in vegetables by switched fluorescence sensor with nitrogen-doped carbon dot[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2019, 40(11): 178.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881697424523294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE X, LUO X L, LI C H, et al. Detection of biothiols in vegetables by switched fluorescence sensor with nitrogen-doped carbon dot[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2019, 40(11): 178., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881697659404319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Z, ZENG C, ZHAO Y, et al. Smartphone-based on-site detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk by using a portable ratiometric fluorescent probe[J]. Food Chemistry, 2023, 410: 135381., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881697730707488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MINTZ K J, BARTOLI M, ROVERE M, et al. A deep investigation into the structure of carbon dots[J]. Carbon, 2021, 173: 433., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881697814593569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU D, LEI F, CHEN H, et al. One-step hydrothermal synthesis and optical properties of self-quenching-resistant carbon dots towards fluorescent ink and as nanosensors for Fe3+ detection[J]. RSC Advances, 2019, 9(15): 8290−9., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881698083029026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MANNO D, ORLANDO M M, GABRIELE A, et al. Optimized synthesis and characterization of highly reproducible carbon dots for bioimaging applications[J]. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2025, 255: 114951., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881699739779107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAO L, ZHANG Q, SUN B, et al. Multicolor luminescent carbon dots: Tunable photoluminescence, excellent stability, and their application in light-emitting diodes[J]. Nanomaterials, 2022, 12(18): 3132., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881699857219620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU W, LI C, REN Y, et al. Carbon dots: Surface engineering and applications[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2016, 4(35): 5772−88., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881699932717093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H, SUN P, CONG S, et al. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots for “green” quantum dot solar cells[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2016, 11(1): 27., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881700226318374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘翼泽, 李鹏飞, 孙再成. 碳点发光机制与结构之间的构效关系[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2025, 46(6): 43−56. [LIU Y Z, LI P F, SUN Z C. Correlation between the photoluminescence mechanism and structure of carbon dots[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2025, 46(6): 43−56.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881700289232935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y Z, LI P F, SUN Z C. Correlation between the photoluminescence mechanism and structure of carbon dots[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2025, 46(6): 43−56., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881700364730408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IBARRA-PRIETO H D, GARCIA-GARCIA A, AGUILERA-GRANJA F, et al. One-pot, optimized microwave-assisted synthesis of difunctionalized and B-N co-doped carbon dots: Structural characterization[J]. Nanomaterials, 2023, 13(20): 2753., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881700427644969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZU F, YAN F, BAI Z, et al. The quenching of the fluorescence of carbon dots: A review on mechanisms and applications[J]. Microchimica Acta, 2017, 184(7): 1899−914., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881700633165866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q, WANG R, FENG B, et al. Photoluminescence mechanism of carbon dots: Triggering high-color-purity red fluorescence emission through edge amino protonation[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12: 6856., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881700717051947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H, BAI J, CHEN X, et al. Surface state-based panchromatic luminescent carbon dots[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 678: 77−87., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881700796743724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG X, WANG L, YE H, et al. Biological matrix-derived carbon quantum dots: Highly selective detection of tetracyclines[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2022, 424: 113653., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881700863852589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN Y, QIAO W, LONG W, et al. Detection of tetracycline antibiotics using fluorescent “Turn-off” sensor based on S, N-doped carbon quantum dots[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2022, 274: 121033., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881701056790574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG M, YU H, TANG X, et al. Multifunctional carbon dots-based fluorescence detection for Sudan I, Sudan IV and tetracycline hydrochloride in foods[J]. Nanomaterials, 2022, 12(23): 4166., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881701136482351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG N, XU Z, ZHU B, et al. A novel functionalized nitrogen- and sulfur-co-doped nanocarbon dots for the fluorescence detection and photocatalysis degradation of tetracycline antibiotics[J]. Environmental Research, 2025, 278: 121654., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881701228757040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI W, LUO K, LV M, et al. Carbon quantum dots derived from marine Eucheuma denticulatum for the efficient and sensitive detection of tetracycline[J]. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2024, 26(4): 70., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881701501386801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG J, SHI X. Preparation of carbon dots of double emission polymer and its application in the detection of tetracycline, water content in edible oil, and information anti-counterfeiting[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2024, 35(27): 1811., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881701849514034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MINH HOANG N, THI BICH NGOC N, THI LAN HUONG P, et al. Hydrogen bonding effect on pH-sensing mechanism of carbon dots[J]. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2024, 160: 111944., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881701916622899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG M, SUN Y, CHEN M, et al. Multicolor luminescence of carbon dots: from mechanisms to applications[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 496: 153761., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881701992120372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOHAMMED S J, OMER K M, HAWAIZ F E. Deep insights to explain the mechanism of carbon dot formation at various reaction times using the hydrothermal technique: FT-IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and UV-visible spectroscopic approaches[J]. RSC Advances, 2023, 13(21): 14340−14349., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881702067617845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI S, GOU R, ZHANG C. N-π stacking in energetic crystals[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2022, 22(3): 1991−2000., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881702281527350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=D C M, B M M, SAHOO S, et al. Isolating the effects of photon reabsorption in the photoluminescence spectrum of carbon dots[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2025, 342: 126392., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881688599708622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688608097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688620680144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881688691983313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688700371922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688708760531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881692089369586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Characterization of R-CDs, figureFileSmall=5mBPBYJ7UQKLV/XO1E42Fg==, figureFileBig=Iw8mcBHQRuCmoWJjemCD/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692164867059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, label=图1, caption=R-CDs的表征

注:A. R-CDs的TEM图像;B. R-CDs的粒径分布图;C. R-CDs的XRD图;D. R-CDs与R-CDs+TC的FT-IR图;E. R-CDs的XPS全谱图;F~H:R-CDs的XPS高分辨C 1s、N 1s和O 1s图谱;I~K:R-CDs+TC的XPS高分辨C 1s、N 1s和O 1s图谱。

, figureFileSmall=5mBPBYJ7UQKLV/XO1E42Fg==, figureFileBig=Iw8mcBHQRuCmoWJjemCD/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692269724660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Optical properties of R-CDs, figureFileSmall=v1+bkLEFuL8t2l5XWcxXCg==, figureFileBig=5SSOJ50F6qE1gEjZ9NcWvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692349416437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, label=图2, caption=R-CDs的光学性质, figureFileSmall=v1+bkLEFuL8t2l5XWcxXCg==, figureFileBig=5SSOJ50F6qE1gEjZ9NcWvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692445885430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Optimization of the detection conditions for R-CDs, figureFileSmall=Be2ZmC5EQFlz8u/cjjJSkA==, figureFileBig=eGxLd3TTfzDHZBvE9Ir+Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692512994295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, label=图3, caption=R-CDs检测条件优化

注:A. R-CDs在不同稀释倍数下的荧光光谱图;B. R-CDs在不同激发波长下的荧光光谱图;C~E分别为不同pH、孵育时间、孵育温度对荧光强度的影响;不同小写字母表示经Duncan多重比较分析差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Be2ZmC5EQFlz8u/cjjJSkA==, figureFileBig=eGxLd3TTfzDHZBvE9Ir+Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692592686072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Corresponding calibration curve (A) and fluorescence emission spectra (B) of R-CDs recorded in the presence of varying concentrations of TC, figureFileSmall=s0g7XWzwfjL/CXgI32fiVQ==, figureFileBig=/Y28uhL5wXZRm04TeY/7gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692663989241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, label=图4, caption=TC的校准曲线(A)与不同浓度TC的荧光光谱图(B), figureFileSmall=s0g7XWzwfjL/CXgI32fiVQ==, figureFileBig=/Y28uhL5wXZRm04TeY/7gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692747875322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Evaluation of the selectivity and anti-interference performance of the R-CDs fluorescence sensor toward TC, figureFileSmall=Susi0jVZDGjkfQJHbsGWnA==, figureFileBig=eMHAT26Tnho6u5UucIRqGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692806595579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, label=图5, caption=R-CDs荧光传感器对TC的选择性及抗干扰性能评价

注:A. R-CDs对不同抗生素的选择性荧光光谱;B. R-CDs对不同抗生素的选择性;不同小写字母表示经Duncan多重比较分析差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Susi0jVZDGjkfQJHbsGWnA==, figureFileBig=eMHAT26Tnho6u5UucIRqGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692869510140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Visual detection and colorimetric analysis of TC based on R-CDs, figureFileSmall=dcHmrdEFrWR5HE5fqbz77w==, figureFileBig=705v7yynh0On1Ow5v18WAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881692945007613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于R-CDs的TC可视化检测及色度分析

注:A. CIE色度图(“¥”代表TC浓度为0 μg/mL时R-CDs的初始色度坐标;红色“★”代表添加不同浓度TC后体系的色度坐标轨迹);B. 不同浓度TC与R-CDs的B/G值的校准曲线。

, figureFileSmall=dcHmrdEFrWR5HE5fqbz77w==, figureFileBig=705v7yynh0On1Ow5v18WAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881693020505086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Schematic illustration of the mechanism for the interaction between R-CDs and TC, figureFileSmall=e5oG/5kXbiNjA+xYigl+/w==, figureFileBig=LmR+EiVNtgMgFewTZtNj1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881693112779775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, label=图7, caption=R-CDs与TC相互作用的机理示意图, figureFileSmall=e5oG/5kXbiNjA+xYigl+/w==, figureFileBig=LmR+EiVNtgMgFewTZtNj1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881693192471552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of the detection performance of different fluorescent sensors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素方法线性范围(μg/mL)LOD(μg/mL)参考文献
TC荧光测定法0.84~26.700.249[35]
荧光测定法0.04~22.200.187[36]
荧光测定法0 ~ 88.90 0.093[37]
荧光测定法8.89 ~ 44.400.209 [38]
荧光测定法0 ~ 26.700.696 [39]
荧光测定法0~4.000.091本研究
), ArticleFig(id=1320881693267968000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同荧光传感器检测性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素方法线性范围(μg/mL)LOD(μg/mL)参考文献
TC荧光测定法0.84~26.700.249[35]
荧光测定法0.04~22.200.187[36]
荧光测定法0 ~ 88.90 0.093[37]
荧光测定法8.89 ~ 44.400.209 [38]
荧光测定法0 ~ 26.700.696 [39]
荧光测定法0~4.000.091本研究
), ArticleFig(id=1320881693339271169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Recoveries of actual samples (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素样品添加值(μg/mL)检出值(μg/mL)回收率(%)RSD(%)
TC猪肉0<LOD
2.002.01±0.01101.00±0.040.34
4.004.04±0.0696.80±1.012.41
鸡肉0<LOD
2.001.80±0.04104.20±0.021.10
4.003.96±0.09102.00±0.010.70
牛肉0<LOD
2.002.31±0.04101.10±1.021.21
4.004.01±0.0298.10±0.060.42
), ArticleFig(id=1320881693410574338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实际样品的加标回收率(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素样品添加值(μg/mL)检出值(μg/mL)回收率(%)RSD(%)
TC猪肉0<LOD
2.002.01±0.01101.00±0.040.34
4.004.04±0.0696.80±1.012.41
鸡肉0<LOD
2.001.80±0.04104.20±0.021.10
4.003.96±0.09102.00±0.010.70
牛肉0<LOD
2.002.31±0.04101.10±1.021.21
4.004.01±0.0298.10±0.060.42
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1260987317930967064, delFlag=0, nameCn=食品工业科技, nameEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-0306, eissn=null, cn=11-1759/TS, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1778572404609, updatedTime=1788949639446, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Agriculture, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Agriculture, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, picEn=k9cXIKW0r+dhvmYbf8WDQQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304512595617145106, language=CN, name=食品工业科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949639467, updatedTime=1788949639467, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304512595688448275, language=EN, name=Science and Technology of Food Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949639484, updatedTime=1788949639484, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1260987677001138203, websiteList=[Website(id=1260990269093196609, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1260987677001138203, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1778573108218, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778573937722, updateBy=18614031015, name=食品工业科技-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=食品工业科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260993882188333840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778573969647, updateTime=1778573969647, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993881970230029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778573969595, updateTime=1778573969595, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882259637011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969664, updateTime=1778573969664, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993881940869900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/file/pic?fileId=m5/V/nQKn3zR0EIDYaiOEA==, createTime=1778573969588, updateTime=1778573969588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882284802837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969670, updateTime=1778573969670, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882175750927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1778573969644, updateTime=1778573969644, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882276414228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969668, updateTime=1778573969668, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882049921806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1778573969614, updateTime=1778573969614, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882196722449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778573969649, updateTime=1778573969649, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882234471186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778573969658, updateTime=1778573969658, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1260990269265163062, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1260987677001138203, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1778573108259, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778573934408, updateBy=18614031015, name=食品工业科技-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science and Technology of Food Industry, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260993842489246463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778573960182, updateTime=1778573960182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842438914812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778573960170, updateTime=1778573960170, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842510217986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960187, updateTime=1778573960187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842430526203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/file/pic?fileId=m5/V/nQKn3zR0EIDYaiOEA==, createTime=1778573960168, updateTime=1778573960168, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842531189508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960192, updateTime=1778573960192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842476663550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1778573960179, updateTime=1778573960179, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842522800899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960190, updateTime=1778573960190, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842447303421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1778573960172, updateTime=1778573960172, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842497635072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778573960184, updateTime=1778573960184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842506023681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778573960186, updateTime=1778573960186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=食品工业科技, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.spgykj.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, journalPhotoCn=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, journalPhotoEn=k9cXIKW0r+dhvmYbf8WDQQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/PDF/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/PDF/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1786723200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
绿萝衍生碳点荧光传感体系检测三种肉制品中的四环素
收藏切换
PDF下载
汪慧 1, * , 罗晓羽 1, 2 , 李承谦 1, 2 , 韩雍 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(16): 419-428
收起
收藏切换
食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (16) : 419 -428
绿萝衍生碳点荧光传感体系检测三种肉制品中的四环素
全屏
[Author(id=1320881688780063701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=whui0850@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881688851366871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881688780063701, language=EN, stringName=Hui WANG, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881688910087128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881688780063701, language=CN, stringName=汪慧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000, bio={"content":"

汪慧(1985−),女,硕士研究生,副教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

汪慧(1985−),女,硕士研究生,副教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881688599708622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688608097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688620680144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000)])]), Author(id=1320881688973001690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881689077859293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881688973001690, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyu LUO, firstName=Xiaoyu, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881689153356766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881688973001690, language=CN, stringName=罗晓羽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000
2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881688599708622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688608097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688620680144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881688691983313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688700371922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688708760531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050)])]), Author(id=1320881690801718240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881690877215715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881690801718240, language=EN, stringName=Chengqian LI, firstName=Chengqian, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881690935935972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881690801718240, language=CN, stringName=李承谦, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000
2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881688599708622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688608097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688620680144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881688691983313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688700371922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688708760531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688691983313, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050)])]), Author(id=1320881690994656230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hy0850@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881691078542312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881690994656230, language=EN, stringName=Yong HAN, firstName=Yong, middleName=null, lastName=HAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881691149845481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, authorId=1320881690994656230, language=CN, stringName=韩雍, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881688599708622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688608097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881688620680144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881450044477500, companyId=1320881688599708622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000)])])]
汪慧1, * , 罗晓羽1, 2, 李承谦1, 2, 韩雍1, *
作者信息
  • 1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000
  • 2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050
通讯作者:
汪慧(1985−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:。
韩雍(1980−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

汪慧(1985−),女,硕士研究生,副教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:

Epipremnum aureum-derived Carbon Dots-based Fluorescent Sensing System for the Detection of Tetracycline in Three Types of Meat Products
Hui WANG1, * , Xiaoyu LUO1, 2, Chengqian LI1, 2, Yong HAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
  • 2College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396
文章导航
收藏切换

为实现对肉制品中抗生素残留的灵敏检测,本研究以生物质材料绿萝为碳源,通过乙醇溶剂热法一步合成了具有双发射特征的红色荧光碳点(Red-emitting carbon dots,R-CDs),并构建了一种比率荧光传感器,用于检测三种肉制品中的四环素(Tetracycline,TC)残留。结果表明,该R-CDs呈分散良好的类球形,由无定形碳核与共轭sp2结构域组成,且表面富含-OH、-NH2、-COOH及芳香族活性基团。在稀释倍数为10、pH7.0、时间15 min、温度15~60 ℃下具有良好的荧光稳定性。在410 nm激发下,R-CDs在505 nm和672 nm处呈现出双发射峰。TC可特异性猝灭672 nm处荧光并同步增强505 nm处荧光,据此建立了基于荧光强度比值(F505/F672)变化的比率传感平台。该传感器在0~4.00 μg/mL范围内线性良好,检出限为0.091 μg/mL,并表现出对TC的高选择性。进一步结合智能手机图像分析,开发了基于RGB信号的可视化半定量检测方法,在0~2.50 μg/mL线性范围内检出限达0.024 μg/mL。在猪肉、鸡肉和牛肉的加标回收试验中,回收率为96.80%~104.20%,相对标准偏差低于2.41%,证实了方法的准确性与可靠性。本研究为食品中TC残留的现场、快速、可视化检测提供了一种绿色、灵敏且实用的新策略。

碳点  /  比率荧光  /  可视化检测  /  四环素

To enable sensitive detection of antibiotic residues in meat products, red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) with dual-emission, synthesized by one step via a solvothermal method using biomass Epipremnum aureum as the carbon source, were employed to construct a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for detecting tetracycline (TC) residues in three types of meat products. The results demonstrated that the R-CDs were well-dispersed and quasi-spherical, composed of amorphous carbon cores and conjugated sp2 domains, with surfaces rich in -OH, -NH2, -COOH, and aromatic active groups. The R-CDs exhibited good fluorescence stability under the conditions of a 10-fold dilution, pH7.0, an incubation time of 15 min, and temperatures of 15~60 ℃. Upon excitation at 410 nm, the R-CDs displayed distinct dual-emission peaks at 505 nm and 672 nm. TC selectively quenched the fluorescence at 672 nm while enhancing the emission at 505 nm, enabling a ratiometric sensing platform based on the intensity ratio (F505/F672). The sensor demonstrated a good linear response in the range of 0~4.00 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.091 μg/mL, and exhibited high selectivity toward TC. Furthermore, a semi-quantitative visual detection method was developed using smartphone-based image analysis with RGB signals, achieving a detection limit of 0.024 μg/mL within the range of 0~2.50 μg/mL. Spiked recovery tests on pork, chicken, and beef samples yielded recoveries ranging from 96.80% to 104.20%, with relative standard deviations of less than 2.41%, confirming the method’s accuracy and reliability. This study contributes to a green, sensitive, and practical strategy for the on-site, rapid, and visual monitoring of TC residues in food.

carbon dots  /  ratiometric fluorescence  /  visual detection  /  tetracycline
汪慧, 罗晓羽, 李承谦, 韩雍. 绿萝衍生碳点荧光传感体系检测三种肉制品中的四环素. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 419 -428 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396
Hui WANG, Xiaoyu LUO, Chengqian LI, Yong HAN. Epipremnum aureum-derived Carbon Dots-based Fluorescent Sensing System for the Detection of Tetracycline in Three Types of Meat Products[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 419 -428 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396
四环素(Tetracycline,TC)因其广谱抗菌活性与经济性被广泛用于畜禽及水产养殖[1]。然而,TC的违规滥用导致肉类、乳制品及水产品中的残留问题严峻,成为全球公共卫生问题的焦点之一[2]。食品中的TC残留不仅可能引起肝毒性、神经系统异常等健康风险[3],更会加剧环境中病原菌的抗菌药物耐药性(Antimicrobial resistance,AMR)发展与传播,导致超级细菌的出现。因此,开发快速、灵敏且适用于现场的TC残留检测技术,对保障食品安全和遏制AMR至关重要[4]。目前,高效液相色谱(High-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)和质谱(Mass spectrometry,MS)等仪器方法虽为检测金标准[5],但依赖昂贵设备、复杂前处理及专业人员操作,难以满足现场快速筛查的高通量与便捷性需求[6]。
碳点(Carbon dots,CDs)作为一类有机量子材料,具有合成成本低、生物相容性好、水溶性高、荧光可调等优势[7−9]。CDs荧光可覆盖蓝光至近红外范围[10],且可通过设计与分析物的相互作用调控发光行为,产生荧光强度变化甚至多发射峰的比率响应,进而实现可视化检测,非常适于构建便携、经济的传感器件[11]。多数传统CDs传感器依赖于单一发射峰的荧光增强或猝灭,易受背景干扰、仪器波动、基质效应及探针浓度变化等影响。比率荧光传感通过测定两个以上波长的荧光强度比值,引入内置自校准功能,可显著提高灵敏度与选择性,有效抵消非目标因素引起的信号波动,从而提升定量分析的准确性与稳健性[12−13]。
然而,合成高质量的双发射CDs仍是关键挑战。传统合成方法常采用柠檬酸、邻苯二胺等小分子前驱体,过程涉及有毒溶剂,合成条件苛刻,产物多呈单发射,难以直接用于比率传感,且潜在生物毒性制约其在食品领域的应用[14]。为克服传统化学合成的局限性,开发基于天然生物质的绿色合成策略显得尤为迫切。绿萝作为一种常见绿叶观赏植物,其叶片中富含叶绿素衍生物、氨基酸及多糖等组分[15−17],不仅可作为优质的碳、氮源,其天然的卟啉结构更能有效诱导红光发射中心的形成。利用绿萝作为单一前驱体,可在一步反应中原位构建具有独立发光特性的碳核与表面态结构,从而实现低毒性与优异双发射性能的协同[18],为食品安全检测提供了良好的绿色材料。
尽管基于天然生物质合成的CDs在食品安全检测领域展现出显著应用潜力,但利用单一植物前驱体原位合成高质量的双发射CDs,并进一步构建针对复杂食品基质中抗生素残留的便携式双模式传感体系的研究仍显不足。本研究以天然生物质绿萝为碳源,合成具有双发射特征的红色荧光碳点,并以此构建了针对TC的特异性双模式检测体系。通过分析该传感体系的光学响应规律与传感特性,结合智能手机成像技术,探究其在比率荧光定量和基于色彩变化的可视化半定量检测中的应用效果,并考察该方法在实际肉制品基质中的准确性与可靠性,旨在为食品中TC残留的现场、快速筛查提供一种绿色、高效的双模式检测策略,同时拓展天然生物质比率荧光材料的制备思路。
猪肉、鸡肉、牛肉 市售;新鲜绿萝叶 收集于陇东学院生农科技园;四环素(TC)、盐酸金霉素(Chlortetracycline,CTC)、土霉素(Oxytetracycline,OTC) 分析纯,上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司;诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NOR)、红霉素(Erythromycin,ERY)、阿莫西林(Amoxicillin,AMOX) 分析纯,上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司;邻苯二胺、浓硫酸、氢氧化钠、冰乙酸、硼酸、磷酸、甲醇、丙酮 分析纯,天津市天利化学试剂有限公司;实验用水为超纯水;Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲液 磷酸、冰乙酸、硼酸按体积比1:1:1混合,再用0.20 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节为pH2.0~12.0的BR缓冲液,实验室自制。
F97Pro荧光分光光度计 上海棱光技术有限公司;JEM-2100F场发射透射电子显微镜 日本JEOL公司;UV2300Ⅱ紫外可见分光光度计 上海天美科学仪器有限公司;D8 X射线衍射仪 德国Bruker公司;Nicolet iS20傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、ESCALAB 250Xi X射线光电子能谱仪 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;ST2100 pH计 常州奥豪斯仪器有限公司;YBE-KH-100聚四氟乙烯反应釜 内胆容积为100 mL,上海志泽生物科技发展公司;H1850高速台式离心机 湘潭市仪器仪表有限公司;DGG-9030B电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海森信试验仪器有限公司。
参照Wang等[19]的方法制备红色荧光碳点(Red-emitting carbon dots,R-CDs),略作修改。以绿萝为碳源,80%乙醇为溶剂,通过溶剂热法合成R-CDs。步骤为:将新鲜采集的绿萝剪切后称取10.00 g放入研钵中,加入40.00 mL 80%乙醇,研磨15 min,过滤出滤液,然后将其转入高压反应釜中,180 ℃保持4 h。反应结束后,待体系冷却至室温,将所得的溶液以10000 r/min转速离心10 min以去除不溶性沉淀,然后用0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,收集澄清滤液,并于4 ℃条件下保存备用。
通过透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)观察R-CDs的形貌。将R-CDs溶液冻干,收集絮状物并研磨成粉;将所得粉末在超纯水中超声分散均匀后,取适量稀释液滴于超薄碳膜网上,室温下干燥后于场发射透射电子显微镜上观察其形貌并统计粒径分布。
取适量R-CDs粉末填充到玻璃样品架上,用载玻片压平,使样品与样品台持平,采用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)测定其晶型结构。设置工作电压40 kV,工作电流40 mA,扫描范围10°~80°,连续式步进扫描,步长为0.02,扫描速度1°/min。
采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)分析R-CDs表面基团。使用KBr压片法制备样品,扫描范围为400~4000 cm−1,分辨率为4.00 cm−1。
采用X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)确定R-CDs表面元素组成和化学键状态。将R-CDs粉末固定到样品台上,设置X射线光源为Al靶,测试功率150 W,以测得结合能284.80 eV的C 1s进行校准。
取稀释后的R-CDs溶液3.0 mL于5 mL试管中,加入1.0 mL 2.00 μg/mL的TC标准溶液,涡旋混匀,得到R-CDs+TC混合液。采用紫外可见吸收光谱仪(Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy,UV-Vis)对稀释后的R-CDs溶液和R-CDs+TC混合液进行扫描。以去离子水作为空白对照,扫描波长范围为300~720 nm,扫描速度为600 nm/min。
采用荧光光谱仪(Fluorescence Spectrometer,FL)对R-CDs的荧光性质进行分析。以稀释10倍的R-CDs水溶液作为样品溶液,设定激发和发射狭缝宽度均为5 nm。固定激发波长为410 nm,发射波长范围为300~720 nm,得到R-CDs的荧光发射光谱。
为了提高所构建的R-CDs荧光传感器检测TC的灵敏度,本研究采用逐级单因素优化法,对R-CDs的稀释倍数、激发波长、反应体系的pH、孵育时间及孵育温度进行了优化。首先,在初始预设条件(室温25 ℃、超纯水自然pH、预设激发波长365 nm)下,将R-CDs溶液分别稀释至5、10、20、50和100倍,测定荧光强度,确定最佳稀释倍数。其次,固定最佳稀释倍数,按照文献[20]中红光CDs的典型激发特性,在350~420 nm范围内进行光谱扫描,锁定最佳激发波长。随后,固定最佳稀释倍数及最佳激发波长,在室温下采用不同pH(2.0~12.0)的BR缓冲溶液体系,分别进行荧光强度测定,探究酸碱度对荧光响应性能的影响,以确定最佳pH。最后,在上述确定的最佳稀释倍数、最佳激发波长及最佳pH条件下,加入待测物TC构建传感体系,分别在时间梯度(0~40 min)及温度梯度(15~60 ℃)下监测荧光响应变化,最终确定最佳孵育时间和最佳孵育温度。
为构建比率型荧光传感器,参照何谐等[21]的方法,首先将2.00 mL稀释10倍的R-CDs溶液与1.00 mL BR缓冲液(pH7.0)在室温下混合并涡旋振荡15 min,制得R-CDs传感测试液。使用荧光分光光度计,在410 nm激发波长下扫描该传感器的荧光光谱,记录其在505 nm和672 nm 处的发射峰强度(分别记为F505与F672),并计算其强度比值(Fr)=F505/F672。为建立定量分析的标准曲线,配制一系列浓度范围为0~4.00 μg/mL的TC标准溶液。分别取1.00 mL不同浓度的TC溶液,加入装有上述R-CDs溶液的5 mL试管中,混合均匀后于室温孵育15 min,随后进行荧光测定。通过分析Fr值与TC浓度之间的对应关系,绘制比率荧光标准曲线,并计算检出限(Limit of Detection,LOD)。
$ \mathrm{LOD(\text{μ}g/mL)=3} \mathit{\sigma } \mathrm{/k} $
式中,σ为7组空白实验的标准偏差;k为标准曲线的斜率。
为评估该传感器的选择性与抗干扰能力,在最优条件下,考察了其对TC及其他常见抗生素类干扰物的选择性响应。步骤如下:在含2.00 mL R-CDs溶液与2.00 mL BR缓冲液的体系中,分别加入1.00 mL不同分析物标准溶液(TC为2.00 μg/mL,CTC、OTC、AMOX、ERY、NOR为20.00 μg/mL及超纯水空白对照,各设3组平行);所有样品在室温避光反应15 min后,于505 nm和672 nm处测定荧光强度,通过比较信号差异系统评价该传感器的选择性及抗干扰性能。
取经搅碎处理的肉类样品10.00 g,均匀分装于三组烧杯中。分别向其中加入不同浓度(0、2.00、4.00 μg/mL)的TC标准溶液,混匀后室温静置孵育2 h,以使分析物与样品基质充分结合。随后,向各样品中加入20.00 mL丙酮,振荡提取30 min。提取液在11000 r/min下离心15 min,去除样品中大颗粒杂质,收集上清液,并经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,所得滤液作为待测样品溶液。采用已构建的R-CDs比率荧光传感器,测定各样品溶液在505 nm和672 nm处的荧光强度,计算Fr,并代入前述标准曲线求得TC的测定浓度。根据加标浓度与测定结果,计算加标回收率与相对标准偏差(RSD),以评估方法的准确度与精密度。加标回收率按下式计算。
$\rm \mathrm{加标回收率}(\text{%})=\frac{{X_1-X_2}}{{{X}}_{3}}\times 100 $
式中:X1为加标样品测定浓度;X2为样品自身所含分析物的浓度;X3为加入的标准品浓度。
为构建可视化检测平台,首先按照1.2.4节所述方法配制R-CDs传感测试液。在410 nm紫外光激发下,观察并记录不同浓度TC(0~2.50 μg/mL)对R-CDs传感测试液颜色的影响。为减少环境光对成像条件的干扰,所有图像采集均在自制的紫外灯暗箱中进行。该暗箱内置紫外光源,并设有固定样品槽与拍摄窗口,可保证拍照时外界光线一致。使用智能手机(小米14)在暗箱窗口处拍摄样品图像。随后,通过Color Picker软件提取图像的颜色通道信息,获取相应的RGB值。具体操作流程参照文献[22]方法:首先将样品管固定在暗箱内;开启紫外灯后,通过暗箱前侧窗口拍摄样品照片;将照片导入Color Picker软件读取其红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)通道的数值,分别提取单一颜色通道值并计算不同通道间的比值参数(如R/G、B/G、B/R等)。通过比较各颜色参数与TC浓度之间的线性关系,筛选出拟合度最高的参数作为最终的响应信号。最后,基于该最佳参数绘制标准曲线,建立可视化定量检测方法。
本文所有实验均做三次平行(除条件优化中的孵育时间和孵育温度外),结果用平均值表示。采用Microsoft Excel 2021和OriginPro 2025软件进行数据存储、统计分析及图形绘制。使用Thermo Avantage软件对XPS光谱数据进行分峰拟合,以解析R-CDs表面元素的化学结合状态;利用ImageJ软件对TEM图像进行统计分析,随机选取视野内的50个R-CDs测量直径,进而构建粒径分布直方图。数据的统计学分析采用SPSS Statistics 26.0软件,通过Duncan新复极差法进行显著性检验,显著性水平设定为P<0.05。
通过TEM对R-CDs进行观察可知,所制备的R-CDs颗粒呈类球形,分散性良好(图1A),粒径大小(图1B)为3.74~13.69 nm,平均粒径为8.40 nm,处于量子限域区间[23]。用XRD分析R-CDs的晶体结构(图1C),在约28°处仅观察到一个微弱的宽峰,未出现明显的晶体衍射峰,表明R-CDs主要为无定形碳结构,不具有长程有序的石墨烯类晶格。采用FT-IR和XPS对R-CDs的表面化学性质进行了分析。FT-IR光谱(图1D)显示,在3380~3255、2975、1647.72、1382.38、1085.41、1044.01和877.72 cm−1处存在特征吸收峰,分别归属于O-H/N-H、C-H、C=C、C-N及C-O键的振动[24]。这些结果表明R-CDs表面存在丰富的活性基团,如-OH、-NH2、-COOH以及芳香族的结构,这些结构提高了R-CDs的水溶性,保证双发射的稳定性。加入TC后的FT-IR光谱3380~3255 cm−1处的O-H/N-H宽伸缩振动峰发生了明显的展宽与红移;同时,原R-CDs在1647.72 cm−1处的C=C振动峰消失[25],并在629.30 cm−1处新产生了环骨架变形特征峰。这些图谱特征的改变直观地表明R-CDs的表面基团与TC分子之间发生了相互作用。XPS全谱(图1E)表明R-CDs主要由C、O和N三种元素构成。C 1s高分辨谱(图1F)可拟合为三个峰,结合能分别为284.21、285.78和288.58 eV,对应C-C/C=C、C-N及C=O/C=N键[26]。N 1s谱(图1G)在398.83和401.42 eV处的信号可归属为-NH2及N-H基团[27]。O 1s谱(图1H)中532.74 eV的主峰则对应于C-O键[28]。而在结合TC后(图1I~图1K),C 1s拟合峰分别偏移至284.00、285.30和287.50 eV;N 1s峰变为398.34和399.30 eV;O 1s主峰则偏移至531.50 eV。各元素结合能的明显位移进一步证实了R-CDs表面官能团与TC分子发生了结合。综合上述FT-IR与XPS的分析结果,明确了R-CDs的无定形碳核、共轭sp2结构域及富含-OH、-NH2等官能团的表面化学结构。该结构特征一方面赋予了R-CDs优异的水溶性并保证了双发射荧光的稳定性,另一方面其表面丰富的活性基团为与靶分子TC的高效识别与结合提供了必要的结构基础[29]。
进一步通过紫外-可见吸收光谱与荧光光谱表征其光学性质(图2)。R-CDs在260 nm和386 nm处呈现两个明显的吸收峰,分别归因于碳核的π-π跃迁及表面官能团相关的n-π跃迁[30],说明R-CDs中可能有苯环和共轭体系存在。当加入TC后,R-CDs与TC构成的混合体系的紫外-可见吸收光谱在290 nm和338 nm处出现新的特征吸收峰,表明R-CDs与TC分子之间产生了有效的相互作用[31]。在410 nm激发下,R-CDs呈现出505 nm和672 nm的双发射峰,R-CDs溶液在日光灯下呈淡黄色,在紫外灯下呈红色荧光(图2),这与其碳核结构和丰富的表面态密切相关,为构建比率型荧光传感器提供了理想的光学基础。
为优化R-CDs荧光传感器的检测性能,考察了稀释倍数、激发波长、pH、孵育时间及温度的影响(图3)。结果表明,R-CDs荧光传感器在稀释10倍时,其在505 nm和672 nm处的荧光强度大于稀释5倍时的强度,并达到最大发射值。当稀释倍数进一步增加(20~100倍)时,随着浓度的降低,荧光强度逐渐减弱(图3A)。由于在10倍稀释条件下可获得最强的荧光背景信号,有利于后续检测,因此确定10倍为最佳稀释倍数。
在350~420 nm激发波长范围内,R-CDs的荧光光谱始终呈现双发射峰特征(图3B)。其中,位于短波长处的发射峰(505 nm)随激发波长的增加发生红移,表现出明显的激发依赖性;而位于672 nm处的长波长发射峰位置基本保持不变,表明两者来源于不同的发光中心。进一步分析发光强度的变化规律可知,随着激发波长增加,短波长峰的发射强度持续上升(在420 nm激发时最高);而672 nm处的主峰强度则在410 nm激发时达到最大值,随后在420 nm时出现下降。综合考虑获取最高的主峰响应信号,同时兼顾双发射峰之间良好的分离度,最终选择410 nm作为最佳激发波长。
溶液pH对Fr具有显著影响(图3C)。经Duncan多重比较分析可知pH组间存在统计学差异。在pH2.0~6.0范围内,Fr值虽呈现缓慢上升趋势,但整体显著低于中性条件,这可能与表面质子化形成的氢键网络限制了荧光发射有关[32]。当pH由6.0升至7.0时,Fr值急剧上升并达到最大值,与其他pH组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),这可能与表面电荷状态及能级结构的转变相关[33]。而在碱性条件下(pH8.0~12.0),荧光响应虽有所回落但相对平稳,显著低于pH7.0(P<0.05),这可能源于传感器表面去质子化的羧基、羟基等基团,与TC分子中的酚羟基、酰胺键等发生特异性电子或能量转移[34]。综合考虑荧光响应强度及实验安全性,选择pH7.0为最佳pH。
孵育时间优化结果如图3D所示,加入TC后荧光响应迅速,虽然在5 min时已观察到较高的Fr值,且10 min后处于平稳状态,但为了确保反应体系达到完全的热力学平衡状态,并消除人工操作过程中时间控制微小差异带来的误差,最终选择15 min作为最佳孵育时间以保证检测结果的高重现性。
R-CDs传感体系在较低温度区间(15~30 ℃)内荧光响应保持相对稳定及较高水平,表现出优异的热稳定性(图3E);当温度超过40 ℃时,Fr值略有下降。考虑到25 ℃最接近常规实验室室温,在此条件下进行检测既能获得理想的灵敏度,又无需额外的加热或控温设备,极大地简化了检测流程,符合现场检测的需求,所以最终选择25 ℃为最佳孵育温度。综上,确定最优检测条件为:R-CDs稀释10倍、410 nm激发波长、pH7.0、孵育时间15 min和孵育温度25 ℃。
为了验证该R-CDs荧光传感器对TC的灵敏性,在最优条件下,向传感体系中加入不同浓度的TC标准溶液,构建Fr与TC浓度之间的荧光标准曲线。如图4A所示,以Fr值为纵坐标,TC浓度为横坐标绘制标准曲线,结果显示二者在0~4.00 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=0.0952x+0.2792,决定系数(R2)为0.9998,这一良好的线性响应源于R-CDs荧光传感器敏锐的光谱变化(图4B)。在TC浓度0~4.00 μg/mL范围内,R-CDs荧光传感器在505 nm处的荧光强度随浓度增加而增强,同时在672 nm处的荧光强度随浓度增加而降低,呈现出明显的“此消彼长”比率荧光特性。根据公式计算得到LOD为0.091 μg/mL。该数值低于文献中多数同类方法(表1),表明该方法具有更高的检测灵敏度。
通过记录Fr的变化评估了R-CDs荧光传感器的选择性与抗干扰性能。如图5A所示,加入TC后,R-CDs在505 nm处的荧光发射增强,而在672 nm处的荧光强度则降低,表现出典型的双发射特异性响应。加入其他干扰物质后,尽管部分物质改变了光谱的整体形态(例如,NOR在484 nm波段出现新峰),但在本研究所选定的特定监测波长(505 nm和672 nm)处,干扰物的荧光强度基本保持不变。对于结构类似物CTC,虽然其导致505 nm和672 nm处的绝对荧光强度均发生大幅降低,但由于两峰呈现同步猝灭趋势,基于该双波长构建的比率荧光策略有效抵消了这种背景波动的干扰。图5B进一步印证了上述光谱规律。数据显示,在所有测试物质中,仅有目标物TC引起了Fr值的急剧上升。对于容易产生背景干扰的结构类似物(CTC、OTC)以及光谱发生偏移的NOR,尽管它们引起了Fr值的轻微响应和上升,但其最高上限(Fr<0.8)仍被极大地抑制,显著低于TC的特异性响应信号(Fr≈1.6,P<0.05)。而其余抗生素(如AMOX和ERY)引起的荧光变化极其微弱,几乎等同于空白对照。综上所述,尽管不同共存物质可能引起R-CDs光谱的改变,但本研究确立的基于505 nm和672 nm双发射峰的比率荧光策略,有效屏蔽了非特异性光谱影响及单波长强度波动的干扰,凸显了该传感体系对TC良好的特异性识别能力与抗干扰性能。
为评估R-CDs荧光传感器在实际样品中对TC的检测性能,开展了加标回收试验。如表2所示,TC的加标回收率为96.80%~104.20%,RSDs为0.34%~2.41%,表明该方法准确可靠、重现性良好。综上,该R-CDs荧光传感器在TC检测中表现出良好的准确度、稳定性与灵敏度,适用于复杂实际样品的快速筛查,为食品中TC残留的高灵敏分析提供了可靠手段。
TC可显著改变R-CDs荧光传感器溶液的颜色。在410 nm紫外光照射下,其荧光颜色从红棕色转变为亮绿色(图4A)。为量化这种荧光颜色变化,基于荧光光谱数据计算了相应的CIE 1931色度坐标。如图6A所示,当TC浓度从0增至4.00 g/mL时,色度坐标从橙红区域沿色度图系统性地向高纯度绿色区域迁移。这一清晰的坐标迁移轨迹与肉眼观察结果完全一致,同时也为比色传感提供了明确的颜色依据。为进一步实现便携式半定量分析,利用智能手机采集不同TC浓度溶液在紫外光下的图像,并通过Color Picker软件提取其RGB颜色通道值。结果显示,在0~2.50 μg/mL浓度范围内,B/G值与TC浓度呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程为y=1.30802−0.52471x(R2=0.9982),LOD为0.024 μg/mL(图6B)。该结果证实了基于智能手机图像分析的可视化比色传感策略的可行性。
FT-IR图谱中特征振动峰(如O-H/N-H)的明显展宽与偏移,伴随原有峰的消失及新特征峰的产生,再结合XPS分析中C、N、O各元素结合能的显著位移,为R-CDs与TC的结合提供了光谱学证据。从结构基础来看,R-CDs表面富含-OH、-NH2/N-H及C=O/C=N等含O/N官能团,并具有一定的sp2芳香结构域,为TC提供了多位点结合界面。TC的识别主要来源于其与R-CDs之间的多重非共价相互作用。TC的多羟基、酰胺与羰基位点可与R-CDs表面的-OH、-NH2/N-H及C=O/C=N形成氢键网络,其芳香环共轭结构可与R-CDs芳香域发生π-π堆积,同时在不同pH条件下还可产生静电吸引或排斥[40]。上述作用协同改变R-CDs表面的局域极性、氢键环境与电荷分布,从而调控表面陷阱态能级以及辐射或非辐射跃迁的竞争过程[33](图7A)。在双发射体系中,505 nm和672 nm的两处发射峰可分别归属为较低能级的发光中心(源于碳核或浅表面态)和与羰基或含氮缺陷相关的深表面态[41]。TC与R-CDs特异性的结合引发了体系光学特性的转变。紫外-可见吸收光谱显示(图7B),加入TC后体系在290 nm和338 nm处出现了新的吸收峰,290 nm处的增强可归因于TC芳香环与R-CDs芳香域发生π-π堆积后其π→π*跃迁的变化[42],而338 nm处吸收的出现则可能与TC的羰基(n→π*跃迁)参与形成氢键或电荷转移有关[43],这为基态复合物的形成提供了直接光谱证据。此外,该复合物在紫外区的宽吸收带与R-CDs的激发光谱存在重叠,对激发光产生了强烈的竞争吸收与屏蔽效应,即内滤效应(IFE),进一步加剧了R-CDs荧光的猝灭[44]。为直观阐明上述相互作用对双发射荧光行为的调控机制,图7C构建了相应的能量传递模型。在该模型中,505 nm发光中心可视作能量给体,而672 nm深表面态为能量受体。在TC结合后,受体发射中心(672 nm)因静态猝灭与IFE的叠加作用,其荧光强度显著衰减;同时,TC分子在R-CDs表面的吸附可能阻断或削弱了体系内部由给体向受体的能量转移通道。由于指向低能态的耗散路径受到限制,激发态能量在更大程度上滞留于给体能级,并主要通过辐射跃迁释放,宏观表现为505 nm发射峰的相对恢复与增强。该基于能量转移受阻所引发的差异化调控效应(即受体猝灭与给体增强并存),最终赋予该传感体系显著的“此消彼长”型比率荧光响应特征,从而实现对TC的高灵敏检测。
本研究以绿萝为单一前体,通过乙醇溶剂热法一步合成了具有505 nm和672 nm双发射特征的R-CDs。基于TC对R-CDs双发射峰的特异性响应,构建了比率荧光传感与智能手机RGB分析相结合的双模式检测平台。结果显示,比率荧光模式在0~4.00 μg/mL范围内线性良好,检出限为0.091 μg/mL;可视化半定量模式在0~2.50 μg/mL范围内同样呈现良好的线性响应,LOD低至0.024 μg/mL。在猪肉、鸡肉及牛肉样品的加标回收试验中,回收率为96.80%~104.20%,RSD低于2.41%,证实了方法的准确性与可靠性。本研究表明富含发光基团的生物质能有效构建双发射CDs的传感体系,为食品中TC残留提供了一种绿色、低成本且无需大型仪器的可视化检测策略。本研究目前仅通过加标试验验证了方法可行性,基于低检出限能保证检测的有效性,尚未对真实样品进行验证,存在一定局限性,后续工作将引入标准方法(如HPLC)进行平行确证。同时探索红移发射波长及结合微流控与人工智能算法,以开发适应复杂基质的高通量智能检测技术与设备。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
RONG M, HUANG Y, LIN C, et al. Recent advances in optical sensing for tetracycline antibiotics[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2024, 178: 117839.
2
MENG W, BAI X, WANG B, et al. Biomass-derived carbon dots and their applications[J]. Energy & Environmental Materials, 2019, 2(3): 172−192.
3
TIAN J, AN M, ZHAO X, et al. Advances in fluorescent sensing carbon dots: An account of food analysis[J]. ACS Omega, 2023, 8(10): 9031.
4
VANBAELEN T, MANOHARAN-BASIL S S, KENYON C. 45 years of tetracycline post exposure prophylaxis for STIs and the risk of tetracycline resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2024, 24(1): 376.
5
MANDLATE J S, SOARES B M, SEEGER T S, et al. Determination of cadmium and lead at sub-ppt level in soft drinks: An efficient combination between dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry[J]. Food Chemistry, 2017, 221: 907.
6
AYERDURAI V, CIEPLAK M, KUTNER W. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for food contaminants determination[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2023, 158: 116830.
7
KUMAR J V, RHIM J W. Fluorescent carbon quantum dots for food contaminants detection applications[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12(2): 111999.
8
孙甲, 衡辉, 谷庆阳. 荧光碳点的性能及其应用研究进展[J]. 中国无机分析化学, 2025, 15(9): 1405−410. [SUN J, HENG H, GU Q Y. Research progress on properties and applications of fluorescent carbon dots[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, 2025, 15(9): 1405−410.]
SUN J, HENG H, GU Q Y. Research progress on properties and applications of fluorescent carbon dots[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, 2025, 15(9): 1405−410.
9
李贇, 王群芳, 黄楠, 等. 碳点荧光探针的绿色化学进展[J]. 广州化学, 2025, 50(2): 20−27. [LI Y, WANG Q F, HUANG N, et al. Progress in green chemistry of carbon dots material as fluorescent probes[J]. Guangzhou Chemistry, 2025, 50(2): 20−27.]
LI Y, WANG Q F, HUANG N, et al. Progress in green chemistry of carbon dots material as fluorescent probes[J]. Guangzhou Chemistry, 2025, 50(2): 20−27.
10
CUI L, REN X, SUN M, et al. Carbon dots: Synthesis, properties and applications[J]. Nanomaterials, 2021, 11(12): 3419.
11
LU S, YANG B. Carbon dots are shining in the world[J]. SmartMat, 2022, 3(2): 207.
12
FENG X, YU S, CAI J, et al. A ratiometric fluorescent platform based on xylan-derived carbon dots for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2025, 228: 120871.
13
MA J, SUN L, GAO F, et al. A review of dual-emission carbon dots and their applications[J]. Molecules, 2023, 28(24): 8134.
14
钱敏捷, 胡钦. 荧光碳点在食品检测中的应用[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2021(28): 156−158. [QIAN M J, HU Q. Application of fluorescent carbon dots in food detection[J]. Food Safety Guide, 2021(28): 156−158.]
QIAN M J, HU Q. Application of fluorescent carbon dots in food detection[J]. Food Safety Guide, 2021(28): 156−158.
15
黄杨, 高田毅, 朱宏星, 等. 基于生物基质碳点构建荧光探针用于腌腊肉制品中亚硝酸盐的检测[J]. 食品工业科技, 2022, 43(14): 354−361. [HUANG Y, GAO T Y, ZHU H X, et al. A fluorescent probe based on biological matrix carbon dots for the detection of nitrite in cured meat products[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(14): 354−361.]
HUANG Y, GAO T Y, ZHU H X, et al. A fluorescent probe based on biological matrix carbon dots for the detection of nitrite in cured meat products[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(14): 354−361.
16
胡伟英, 叶锡光, 陈忠正, 等. 普洱茶-硒掺杂碳量子点和单质硒的同时制备及其在Fe3+检测中的应用[J]. 食品工业科技, 2023, 44(3): 316−324. [HU W Y, YE X G, CHEN Z Z, et al. Simultaneous preparation of Pu-erh tea-selenium-doped carbon quantum dots and elemental selenium and its application in Fe3+ detection[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 316−324.]
HU W Y, YE X G, CHEN Z Z, et al. Simultaneous preparation of Pu-erh tea-selenium-doped carbon quantum dots and elemental selenium and its application in Fe3+ detection[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 316−324.
17
孙昊雪, 孙梦影, 张巍元, 等. 生物质碳点的合成及应用进展[J]. 河北科技师范学院学报, 2024, 38(3): 59. [SUN H X, SUN M Y, ZHANG W Y, et al. Synthesis and application progress of biomass carbon dots[J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 2024, 38(3): 59.]
SUN H X, SUN M Y, ZHANG W Y, et al. Synthesis and application progress of biomass carbon dots[J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 2024, 38(3): 59.
18
ABDULLAHI H, NYANDAT E, GAL EFFI C, et al. Cyclohexanols of Halleria lucida[J]. Phytochemistry, 1986, 25(12): 2821.
19
WANG H, LI C, LUO X, et al. Biomass-derived multi-emissive carbon dots-based ratiometric fluorescence and visual detection of residual chlortetracycline hydrochloride and hemin chloride in food matrix[J]. Microchemical Journal, 2026, 223: 117350.
20
DIVYA S, NARAYAN S, AINAVARAPU S R K, et al. Insight into the excitation-dependent fluorescence of carbon dots[J]. Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry, 2019, 20: 984.
21
何谐, 雒雪丽, 李春花, 等. 氮掺杂碳点的开关型荧光传感器检测蔬菜中的生物硫醇[J]. 食品工业科技, 2019, 40(11): 178. [HE X, LUO X L, LI C H, et al. Detection of biothiols in vegetables by switched fluorescence sensor with nitrogen-doped carbon dot[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2019, 40(11): 178.]
HE X, LUO X L, LI C H, et al. Detection of biothiols in vegetables by switched fluorescence sensor with nitrogen-doped carbon dot[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2019, 40(11): 178.
22
XU Z, ZENG C, ZHAO Y, et al. Smartphone-based on-site detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk by using a portable ratiometric fluorescent probe[J]. Food Chemistry, 2023, 410: 135381.
23
MINTZ K J, BARTOLI M, ROVERE M, et al. A deep investigation into the structure of carbon dots[J]. Carbon, 2021, 173: 433.
24
XU D, LEI F, CHEN H, et al. One-step hydrothermal synthesis and optical properties of self-quenching-resistant carbon dots towards fluorescent ink and as nanosensors for Fe3+ detection[J]. RSC Advances, 2019, 9(15): 8290−9.
25
MANNO D, ORLANDO M M, GABRIELE A, et al. Optimized synthesis and characterization of highly reproducible carbon dots for bioimaging applications[J]. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2025, 255: 114951.
26
RAO L, ZHANG Q, SUN B, et al. Multicolor luminescent carbon dots: Tunable photoluminescence, excellent stability, and their application in light-emitting diodes[J]. Nanomaterials, 2022, 12(18): 3132.
27
LIU W, LI C, REN Y, et al. Carbon dots: Surface engineering and applications[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2016, 4(35): 5772−88.
28
WANG H, SUN P, CONG S, et al. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots for “green” quantum dot solar cells[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2016, 11(1): 27.
29
刘翼泽, 李鹏飞, 孙再成. 碳点发光机制与结构之间的构效关系[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2025, 46(6): 43−56. [LIU Y Z, LI P F, SUN Z C. Correlation between the photoluminescence mechanism and structure of carbon dots[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2025, 46(6): 43−56.]
LIU Y Z, LI P F, SUN Z C. Correlation between the photoluminescence mechanism and structure of carbon dots[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2025, 46(6): 43−56.
30
IBARRA-PRIETO H D, GARCIA-GARCIA A, AGUILERA-GRANJA F, et al. One-pot, optimized microwave-assisted synthesis of difunctionalized and B-N co-doped carbon dots: Structural characterization[J]. Nanomaterials, 2023, 13(20): 2753.
31
ZU F, YAN F, BAI Z, et al. The quenching of the fluorescence of carbon dots: A review on mechanisms and applications[J]. Microchimica Acta, 2017, 184(7): 1899−914.
32
ZHANG Q, WANG R, FENG B, et al. Photoluminescence mechanism of carbon dots: Triggering high-color-purity red fluorescence emission through edge amino protonation[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12: 6856.
33
ZHANG H, BAI J, CHEN X, et al. Surface state-based panchromatic luminescent carbon dots[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 678: 77−87.
34
TANG X, WANG L, YE H, et al. Biological matrix-derived carbon quantum dots: Highly selective detection of tetracyclines[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2022, 424: 113653.
35
FAN Y, QIAO W, LONG W, et al. Detection of tetracycline antibiotics using fluorescent “Turn-off” sensor based on S, N-doped carbon quantum dots[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2022, 274: 121033.
36
ZHANG M, YU H, TANG X, et al. Multifunctional carbon dots-based fluorescence detection for Sudan I, Sudan IV and tetracycline hydrochloride in foods[J]. Nanomaterials, 2022, 12(23): 4166.
37
WANG N, XU Z, ZHU B, et al. A novel functionalized nitrogen- and sulfur-co-doped nanocarbon dots for the fluorescence detection and photocatalysis degradation of tetracycline antibiotics[J]. Environmental Research, 2025, 278: 121654.
38
LI W, LUO K, LV M, et al. Carbon quantum dots derived from marine Eucheuma denticulatum for the efficient and sensitive detection of tetracycline[J]. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2024, 26(4): 70.
39
ZHENG J, SHI X. Preparation of carbon dots of double emission polymer and its application in the detection of tetracycline, water content in edible oil, and information anti-counterfeiting[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2024, 35(27): 1811.
40
MINH HOANG N, THI BICH NGOC N, THI LAN HUONG P, et al. Hydrogen bonding effect on pH-sensing mechanism of carbon dots[J]. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2024, 160: 111944.
41
JIANG M, SUN Y, CHEN M, et al. Multicolor luminescence of carbon dots: from mechanisms to applications[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 496: 153761.
42
MOHAMMED S J, OMER K M, HAWAIZ F E. Deep insights to explain the mechanism of carbon dot formation at various reaction times using the hydrothermal technique: FT-IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and UV-visible spectroscopic approaches[J]. RSC Advances, 2023, 13(21): 14340−14349.
43
LI S, GOU R, ZHANG C. N-π stacking in energetic crystals[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2022, 22(3): 1991−2000.
44
D C M, B M M, SAHOO S, et al. Isolating the effects of photon reabsorption in the photoluminescence spectrum of carbon dots[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2025, 342: 126392.
2026年第47卷第16期
PDF下载
100
41
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396
  • 接收时间:2025-12-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31
基金
作者信息
    1陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳 745000
    2兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050

通讯作者:

汪慧(1985−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:。
韩雍(1980−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全控制,E-mail:。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120396
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏