Article(id=1320881253595853068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752768000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852231644, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852231644, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852231644, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852231644, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=270, endPage=281, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881253805568269, articleId=1320881253595853068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Extraction of Lutein from Chrysanthemum by Menthol-based Deep Eutectic Solvents to Synthesize the Lutein-Menthol Cocrystal, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To establish an eco-friendly and efficient method for extracting natural lutein while enhancing its stability, this study employed menthol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the extraction of lutein from chrysanthemum and the preparation of lutein-menthol cocrystals. The feasibility of this approach was evaluated through the analysis of the antioxidant activity of the extracted lutein solutions, as well as the stability and composition of the cocrystals. Firstly, the extraction efficiency of six DESs (menthol-acetic acid, menthol-propionic acid, menthol-octanoic acid, menthol-decanoic acid, menthol-hexanoic acid, and menthol-lactic acid) for lutein was compared, identifying the optimal eutectic solvent. Subsequently, single-factor investigations were conducted on ethanol content, solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time, and the extraction process parameters were optimized by using the response surface method. At the same time, the antioxidant activity of the extracted lutein solution was evaluated, and the differences in light and heat stability between the lutein-piperonal complex and the commercially available lutein powder were investigated. The cocrystal was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results indicated that menthol-acetic acid (DES-1) was the optimal eutectic solvent; the optimized extraction conditions were 47% (V/V) ethanol content, a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:45 (g/mL), and an extraction temperature of 69 ℃, under which the extraction yield of lutein can reached 644.11±1.99 μg/g. The lutein solution extracted and prepared with DES-1 exhibits scavenging rates of 77.52% and 84.58% for hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals, respectively, which were significantly higher than those achieved by traditional ethanol extraction methods (P<0.01). Under thermal conditions of 30 ℃ at 75% relative humidity and light conditions of 4500 Lux at 25 ℃, the lutein retention rates for the lutein-menthol cocrystal were 84.34% and 33.73%, both of which were significantly higher than those of commercially available lutein. The formed cocrystal structure could physically hinder oxygen penetration, while the hydroxyl groups at both ends of lutein can form strong hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of menthol, thereby significantly enhancing stability. Identification through LC-MS/MS revealed a total of 33 lutein-related components in the cocrystal, including lutein and lutein palmitate, with the highest content of free lutein reaching 107.93±11.36 μg/g. The lutein-menthol cocrystal prepared in this study significantly enhances the stability of lutein and may provide more possibilities for the practical development and utilization of lutein.

, authors=Jinyu CHEN, Dan LI, Jie TENG, Yang LIU*, authorsList=Jinyu CHEN, Dan LI, Jie TENG, Yang LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881258901647662, articleId=1320881253595853068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=薄荷醇基低共熔剂提取皇菊叶黄素制备叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶的研究, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为建立一种绿色高效的天然叶黄素提取方法并提升其稳定性,本研究利用薄荷醇基低共熔剂(deep eutectic solvents,DESs)提取皇菊叶黄素并制备叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶,首先对比 6 种薄荷醇基 DES(薄荷醇-乙酸、薄荷醇-丙酸、薄荷醇-辛酸、薄荷醇-癸酸、薄荷醇-己酸、薄荷醇-乳酸)对皇菊叶黄素的提取效率,筛选出最优溶剂类型;在此基础上,以乙醇含量、料液比、提取温度、提取时间为单因素考察变量,结合响应面法优化提取工艺参数;同时对提取所得叶黄素溶液进行抗氧化活性评价,开展叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶与市售叶黄素粉末的光、热稳定性差异,并采用液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)对共晶进行组分定性定量分析。结果表明:薄荷醇-乙酸(DES-1)为最佳低共熔溶剂;优化后的最佳提取条件为乙醇含量47%(V/V)、料液比 1:45(g/mL)、提取温度 69 ℃,该条件下叶黄素提取量可达 644.11±1.99 μg/g。DES-1 提取制备的叶黄素溶液对羟自由基和 DPPH 自由基的清除率分别达 77.52%、84.58%,显著高于传统乙醇提取法(P<0.01)。在 30 ℃/75% RH 热环境与4500 Lux/25 ℃光照条件下,叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶的叶黄素保留率分别为 84.34% 和 33.73%,均显著高于市售叶黄素,形成的共晶结构不仅能物理阻碍氧气渗透,同时叶黄素两端的醇羟基还会与薄荷醇上羟基形成强氢键作用,从而显著提升稳定性。经 LC-MS/MS 鉴定,共晶中共检出叶黄素、叶黄素棕榈酸酯等 33 种叶黄素类组分,其中游离叶黄素含量最高,提取量达 107.93±11.36 μg/g。本研究制备的叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶显著提高叶黄素稳定性,可为叶黄素的实际开发利用提供更多可能。

, authors=陈金玉, 李丹, 滕杰, 刘洋*, authorsList=陈金玉, 李丹, 滕杰, 刘洋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘洋, authorNote=

陈金玉(2005−),女,本科,研究方向:天然产物提取与分析,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘洋(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:植物深加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=GyPDRfbF61D3NdJ+NdW4jw==, magXml=rGTmHV4RWXJcaTXk910kgQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=7mBROUKsQQxisMObTZ8XJw==, pdfFileSize=5124416, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3K1XQ8mZj/q4Ey+JQ1G94A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=n1nlbuqNLyHPIkvrxfAx0Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320881696682127918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2792810358@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881696971534897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881696682127918, language=EN, stringName=Jinyu CHEN, firstName=Jinyu, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881697349022259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881696682127918, language=CN, stringName=陈金玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045, bio={"content":"

陈金玉(2005−),女,本科,研究方向:天然产物提取与分析,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

陈金玉(2005−),女,本科,研究方向:天然产物提取与分析,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881696585658922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696594047531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696602436140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045)])]), Author(id=1320881697424519733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881697500017207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881697424519733, language=EN, stringName=Dan LI, firstName=Dan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881697822978617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881697424519733, language=CN, stringName=李丹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881696585658922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696594047531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696602436140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045)])]), Author(id=1320881698179494459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881699869798973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881698179494459, language=EN, stringName=Jie TENG, firstName=Jie, middleName=null, lastName=TENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881699962073662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881698179494459, language=CN, stringName=滕杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881696585658922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696594047531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696602436140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045)])]), Author(id=1320881700268257856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liuyang@jxau.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881700356338242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881700268257856, language=EN, stringName=Yang LIU, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881700423447107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881700268257856, language=CN, stringName=刘洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881696585658922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696594047531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696602436140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1320881701123895876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=lutein), Keyword(id=1320881701191004741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=deep eutectic solvents), Keyword(id=1320881701270696518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=menthol), Keyword(id=1320881701597852231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=cocrystal), Keyword(id=1320881701971145288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=stability), Keyword(id=1320881702038254153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=antioxidant), Keyword(id=1320881702134723146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=叶黄素), Keyword(id=1320881702377992779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=低共熔剂), Keyword(id=1320881702449295948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=薄荷醇), Keyword(id=1320881702533182029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=共晶体), Keyword(id=1320881704198320718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=稳定性), Keyword(id=1320881704261235279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=抗氧化)], refs=[Reference(id=1320881709076296302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹辉, 张晓申, 左红娟, 等. 不同栽培措施对婺源皇菊产量的影响[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2023, 69(2): 74−76,80. [CAO H, ZHANG X S, ZUO H J, et al. Effects of different cultivation measures on yield of Wuyuan Imperial chrysanthemum[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 69(2): 74−76,80.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709147599471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO H, ZHANG X S, ZUO H J, et al. Effects of different cultivation measures on yield of Wuyuan Imperial chrysanthemum[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 69(2): 74−76,80., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709210514032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程琳, 汪菁佳, 赖存峰. 产业为媒, 擦亮乡村振兴底色——以江西婺源为例[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2023(7): 42−44. [CHENG L, WANG J J, LAI C F. Industry as a medium, polishing the foundation of rural revitalization—taking Wuyuan, Jiangxi as an example[J]. Agricultural Development and Equipment, 2023(7): 42−44.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709298594417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG L, WANG J J, LAI C F. Industry as a medium, polishing the foundation of rural revitalization—taking Wuyuan, Jiangxi as an example[J]. Agricultural Development and Equipment, 2023(7): 42−44., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709361508978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘子腾. 皇菊功能成分的提取及产品开发[D]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2020. [LIU Z T. Extraction of functional components of royal chrysanthemum and product development[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2020.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709432812147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Z T. Extraction of functional components of royal chrysanthemum and product development[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709516698228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=饶桂维, 邵丽林, 童建颖. 婺源皇菊总黄酮的超声辅助水提工艺及抗氧化活性[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2021, 42(13): 98−103. [RAO G W, SHAO L L, TONG J Y. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Wuyuan Imperial chrysanthemum and evaluation of their antioxidant activity[J]. Food Research and Development, 2021, 42(13): 98−103.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709588001397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAO G W, SHAO L L, TONG J Y. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Wuyuan Imperial chrysanthemum and evaluation of their antioxidant activity[J]. Food Research and Development, 2021, 42(13): 98−103., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709663498870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟洁. 金丝皇菊多糖提取、分离、结构及益菌活性研究[D]. 天津: 天津科技大学, 2018. [MENG J. Research on the extraction, separation, structure and biological activity of polysaccharide from Imperial chrysanthemum[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2018.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709730607735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG J. Research on the extraction, separation, structure and biological activity of polysaccharide from Imperial chrysanthemum[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709801910904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J, SU W Q, FILIPCZAK N, et al. Pharmacological effects of volatile oil from Chrysanthemum and its associated mechanisms: A review[J]. Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine, 2024, 4(1): 79−91., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709881602681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘玉珊, 许震寰, 刘静, 等. 皇菊的有益成分含量及其可食用性分析[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(31): 10905−10906. [LIU Y S, XU Z H, LIU J, et al. Analysis of the beneficial components and edibility of the Imperial chrysanthemum[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(31): 10905−10906.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881709944517242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y S, XU Z H, LIU J, et al. Analysis of the beneficial components and edibility of the Imperial chrysanthemum[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(31): 10905−10906., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710015820411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIAO Jinshan, LING Li, LI Xuebing, et al. Lutein as an antioxidant inhibits the Maillard reaction in heated egg yolk[J]. LWT, 2025, 218: 117490., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710082929276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AJITHKUMAR V, ISAIMOZHI V, DINESH K S, et al. Exploring the potential of seaweed as a source of lutein: A study of seasonal and spatial variation insights along the south-eastern coast of India[J]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2025, 66: 103576., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710145843837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋宸, 刘洪宇, 王玉霞, 等. 缓解视疲劳保健食品原料的应用及思考[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2022, 33(9): 91−95. [SONG C, LIU H Y, WANG Y X, et al. Health food raw materials applications on relieving visual fatigue[J]. China Food Additives, 2022, 33(9): 91−95.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710212952702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG C, LIU H Y, WANG Y X, et al. Health food raw materials applications on relieving visual fatigue[J]. China Food Additives, 2022, 33(9): 91−95., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710280061567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUMAR K P, SINGH S, KUMAR S M, et al. An efficient process for the extraction of lutein and chemical characterization of other organic volatiles from marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flower[J]. Food Chemistry, 2022, 396: 133647., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710334587520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAYATHRI S, RAJASREE R S R, SUMAN T Y, et al. Ultrasound-assisted microextraction of β, ε-carotene-3, 3′-diol (lutein) from marine microalgae Chlorella salina: Effect of different extraction parameters[J]. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2018, 8(4): 791−797., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710422667905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARY L J T, JOTHY T P, DHARANI G. Rapid green microwave assisted extraction of lutein from Chlorella sorokiniana (NIOT-2)–Process optimization[J]. Food Chemistry, 2022, 372: 131151., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710489776770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DERRIEN M, AGHABARARNEJAD M, GOSSELIN A, et al. Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lutein and chlorophyll from spinach by-products using response surface methodology[J]. LWT, 2018, 93: 79−87., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710577857155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李伟雪, 顾丽莉, 杨发容, 等. 超临界萃取-溶剂浸提万寿菊中的叶黄素[J]. 化学工程, 2023, 51(8): 27−32. [LI W X, GU L L, YANG F R, et al. Supercritical extraction combined with solvent extraction of lutein from marigold[J]. Chemical Engineering, 2023, 51(8): 27−32.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710636577412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI W X, GU L L, YANG F R, et al. Supercritical extraction combined with solvent extraction of lutein from marigold[J]. Chemical Engineering, 2023, 51(8): 27−32., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710707880581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Yifu, ZHANG Tiantian, YANG Tongliang, et al. Alkaline electrolyzed water-assisted ultrasonic extraction of lutein from daylily (Hemerocallis spp.): Structural preservation and activity evaluation[J]. Food Chemistry, 2025, 463: 141334., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710770795142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王贵, 喻芳琴, 陶正国, 等. 万寿菊叶黄素研究进展[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2025, 33(4): 474−482. [WANG G, YU F Q, TAO Z G, et al. Research progresses on xanthophyll of marigold[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2025, 33(4): 474−482.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710850486919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG G, YU F Q, TAO Z G, et al. Research progresses on xanthophyll of marigold[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2025, 33(4): 474−482., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710917595784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘冰雪, 王玲玲, 张晓雪, 等. 万寿菊中叶黄素的超高压提取工艺优化[J]. 森林工程, 2021, 37(4): 71−78. [LIU B X, WANG L L, ZHANG X X, et al. Optimization of ultra-high pressure extraction process for lutein from Marigold[J]. Forest engineering, 2021, 37(4): 71−78.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881710984704649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU B X, WANG L L, ZHANG X X, et al. Optimization of ultra-high pressure extraction process for lutein from Marigold[J]. Forest engineering, 2021, 37(4): 71−78., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881711051813514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MONTUORI E, LIMA S, MARCHESE A, et al. Lutein production and extraction from microalgae: Recent insights and bioactive potential[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, 25(5): 2892., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881711144088203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG Shuaizhen, WANG Yingjie, ZHU Lin, et al. Effect of zein nanoparticles addition on anthocyanin and lutein dual-loaded nanocomposite hydrogels: Structure, physico-chemical and delivery properties[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 309: 142967., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881711211197068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EL ACHKAR T, GREIGE-GERGES H, FOURMENTIN S. Basics and properties of deep eutectic solvents: A review[J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2021, 19(4): 3397−3408., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881711290888845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG B X, MUHAMMAD G, DENG L Y, et al. A sustainable and efficient method for sequential extraction of lutein and lipid from deep eutectic solvent pretreated Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J]. RSC Advances, 2025, 15(18): 14072−14078., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881711362192014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GHOSHAL S, DUTTA A, MANDAL A, et al. An optimized technique for ultrasound-assisted extraction of xanthophylls from marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) using saturated fatty acid-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2025, 437: 128398., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881711433495183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Yang, WANG Hanfei, XU Yuqin, et al. Menthol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for the purification of tea peroxidase using a three-phase partition method[J]. LWT, 2025, 218: 117528., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713094439568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO Jun, SU Erzheng. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: The new generation of green solvents for diversified and colorful applications in green chemistry[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 314: 127965., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713169937041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN Y, JUNG D, LI K, et al. Mixing of menthol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as a novel method to tune their properties[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2020, 301: 112416., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713237045906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Jing, HU Yupei, WANG Zheng. Menthol and its derivatives: Exploring the medical application potential[J]. Engineering in Life Sciences, 2025, 25(9): e70039., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713312543379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MUSSAGY C U, RAMOS N F, CAICEDO-PAZ A V, et al. Techno-economic insights into one-pot bacterial astaxanthin extraction and sustainable therapeutic product development using natural solvent mixtures[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 356: 129926., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713409012372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马永强, 牛绩超, 尤婷婷, 等. 超声辅助复合酶法提取叶黄素及其抗氧化活性研究[J]. 中国调味品, 2024, 49(11): 187−194,220. [MA Y Q, NIU J C, YOU T T, et al. Study on extraction of lutein by ultrasonic-assisted compound enzymatic method and its antioxidant activity[J]. China Condiment, 2024, 49(11): 187−194,220.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713480315541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Y Q, NIU J C, YOU T T, et al. Study on extraction of lutein by ultrasonic-assisted compound enzymatic method and its antioxidant activity[J]. China Condiment, 2024, 49(11): 187−194,220., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713539035798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VIÑAS-OSPINO A, PANIĆ M, REDOVNIKOVIĆ I R, et al. Using novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents to improve a sustainable carotenoid extraction from orange peels[J]. Food Bioscience, 2023, 53: 102570., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713618727575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈菁, 陆春霞, 肖潇, 等. 番茄红素的低共熔溶剂提取及降解动力学研究[J]. 食品科技, 2025, 50(6): 240−246. [CHEN J, LU C X, XIAO X, et al. Extraction of lycopene using natural deep eutectic solvents and its degradation kinetics[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2025, 50(6): 240−246.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713715196568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN J, LU C X, XIAO X, et al. Extraction of lycopene using natural deep eutectic solvents and its degradation kinetics[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2025, 50(6): 240−246., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713824248473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高子文, 贾智彤, 王利晖, 等. 低共熔溶剂提取绿茶中茶多酚工艺优化及茶多酚提取液的抗氧化活性分析[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2024, 40(7): 1330−1342. [GAO Z W, JIA Z T, WANG L H, et al. Process optimization of tea polyphenols extraction from green tea by deep eutectic solvents and analysis of antioxidant activity[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 40(7): 1330−1342.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713887163034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Z W, JIA Z T, WANG L H, et al. Process optimization of tea polyphenols extraction from green tea by deep eutectic solvents and analysis of antioxidant activity[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 40(7): 1330−1342., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881713966854811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡亚洁, 乌日娜, 李煜, 等. 发酵桑叶茶工艺条件优化及其抗氧化活性分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2024, 45(15): 187−194. [CAI Y J, WU R N, LI Y, et al. Optimization of process conditions for fermented mulberry leaf tea and analysis of its antioxidant activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(15): 187−194.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714042352284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAI Y J, WU R N, LI Y, et al. Optimization of process conditions for fermented mulberry leaf tea and analysis of its antioxidant activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(15): 187−194., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714109461149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱雨馨, 王文斌, 王佳婧, 等. 富锗木耳菌丝体不同溶剂提取物的体外抗氧化能力[J]. 食品工业科技, 2024, 45(8): 21−28. [ZHU Y X, WANG W B, WANG J J, et al. Antioxidant capacity of different solvent extracts from ge-riched Auricularia auricula mycelium in vitro[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(8): 21−28.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714189152926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Y X, WANG W B, WANG J J, et al. Antioxidant capacity of different solvent extracts from ge-riched Auricularia auricula mycelium in vitro[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(8): 21−28., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714273039007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑晨暄. 应用共结晶技术改善叶黄素稳定性和生物利用度的研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2024. [ZHEN C X. Improving the stability and bioavailability of lutein using cocrystallization technology[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2024.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714352730784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHEN C X. Improving the stability and bioavailability of lutein using cocrystallization technology[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714419839649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=INBARAJ B S, LU H, HUNG C F, et al. Determination of carotenoids and their esters in fruits of Lycium barbarum Linnaeus by HPLC–DAD–APCI–MS[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2008, 47(4−5): 812−818., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714503725730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RIVERA S M, CHRISTOU P, CANELA-GARAYOA R. Identification of carotenoids using mass spectrometry[J]. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 2014, 33(5): 353−372., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714575028899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马志虎, 侯喜林, 陈红霞, 等. 栝楼皮叶黄素的超临界CO2萃取及其稳定性研究[J]. 精细化工, 2009, 26(12): 1215−1220. [MA Z H, HOU X L, CHEN H X, et al. Lutein in fruit peel of trichosanthes Kirilowii maxim. by supercritical CO2 extraction and its stability[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2009, 26(12): 1215−1220.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714633749156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Z H, HOU X L, CHEN H X, et al. Lutein in fruit peel of trichosanthes Kirilowii maxim. by supercritical CO2 extraction and its stability[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2009, 26(12): 1215−1220., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714713440933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张玲, 彭月菊, 牛亚蒙, 等. 紫苏中叶黄素及β-胡萝卜素含量的测定[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2016(5): 121−125. [ZHANG L, PENG Y J, NIU Y M, et al. Determination the contents of lutein and β-carotene in Perilla frutescens[J]. China Food Additives, 2016(5): 121−125.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714788938406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG L, PENG Y J, NIU Y M, et al. Determination the contents of lutein and β-carotene in Perilla frutescens[J]. China Food Additives, 2016(5): 121−125., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714851852967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEDAEI M, ZAREI A R, ALI GHORBANIAN S. Development of a new emulsification microextraction method based on solidification of settled organic drop: Application of a novel ultra-hydrophobic tailor-made deep eutectic solvent[J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 2018, 42(15): 12520−12529., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881714931544744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHERNIAKOVA M, VARCHENKO V, BELIKOV K. Menthol-based (deep) eutectic solvents: A review on properties and application in extraction[J]. The Chemical Record, 2024, 24(2): e202300267., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715015430825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴若楠. 低共熔溶剂提取橙皮中类胡萝卜素的研究及应用[D]. 天津: 天津科技大学, 2024. [WU R N. Study and application of deep eutectic solvent extraction carotenoids of orange peel[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2024.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715074151082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU R N. Study and application of deep eutectic solvent extraction carotenoids of orange peel[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715166425771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李敬会. 低共熔溶剂的制备表征及其萃取丹参和大黄中蒽醌类化合物的研究[D]. 长春: 长春工业大学, 2025. [LI J H. Preparation and characterization of deep eutectic solvents and study on extraction of anthraquinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Rheum palmatum L, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715241923244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=D]. Changchun: Changchun University of Technology, 2025., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715313226413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘伟, 王晓雨, 周玉溪, 等. 低共熔溶剂在植物多糖提取中的应用研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2023, 44(24): 1−11. [LIU W, WANG X Y, ZHOU Y X, et al. Research progress on the application of low eutectic solvents in extraction of plant polysaccharides[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(24): 1−11.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715376140974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU W, WANG X Y, ZHOU Y X, et al. Research progress on the application of low eutectic solvents in extraction of plant polysaccharides[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(24): 1−11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715439055535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAI Yuqing, GAO Hui, SONG Linmeng, et al. Optimization of green deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks saponins by response surface methodology and their antioxidant activities[J]. RSC Advances, 2023, 13(42): 29408−29418., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715497775792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵悦, 褚天旭, 高哲, 等. 超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取欧李原花青素工艺优化及其生物活性[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(13): 218−232. [ZHAO Y, CHU T X, GAO Z, et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction process and biological activities of Cerasus humilis proanthocyanidin[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(13): 218−232.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715573273265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Y, CHU T X, GAO Z, et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction process and biological activities of Cerasus humilis proanthocyanidin[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(13): 218−232., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715644576434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JAGLAN P, KUMAR M, KAUSHIK D, et al. Optimization of the extraction process of Moringa oleifera flower by using deep eutectic solvents (DES)[J]. Results in Chemistry, 2024, 7: 101445., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715707490995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ACHIR N, RANDRIANATOANDRO V A, BOHUON P, et al. Kinetic study of β-carotene and lutein degradation in oils during heat treatment[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2010, 112(3): 349−361., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715770405556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=裴龙英, 杨丽, 王思丹, 等. 低共熔溶剂提取羊肚菌多糖工艺优化及其益生菌增殖作用[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(15): 255−265. [PEI L Y, YANG L, WANG S D, et al. Optimization of deep eutectic solvents extraction process of polysaccharides from Morchella septimelata and probiotics proliferation[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(15): 255−265.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715854291637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PEI L Y, YANG L, WANG S D, et al. Optimization of deep eutectic solvents extraction process of polysaccharides from Morchella septimelata and probiotics proliferation[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(15): 255−265., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881715938177718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘佳怡, 黄磊磊, 王天怡, 等. 超声协同低共熔溶剂提取紫丁香花多酚工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2024, 45(4): 171−179. [LIU J Y, HUANG L L, WANG T Y, et al. Optimization of Syringa oblata Lindl. flower for extraction of polyphenols by ultrasound-assist seep eutectic solvents and analysis of antioxidant activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(4): 171−179.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881717590733495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU J Y, HUANG L L, WANG T Y, et al. Optimization of Syringa oblata Lindl. flower for extraction of polyphenols by ultrasound-assist seep eutectic solvents and analysis of antioxidant activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(4): 171−179., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881717687202488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OJEDA G A, VALLEJOS M M, SAMORÌ C, et al. Hydrophobic eutectic solvents for sustainable recovery of carotenoids from mango peel: Extraction optimization and insights into molecular interactions at play[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2025, 425: 127264., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881717762699961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Meiqi, LI Zhen, ZHANG Qi, et al. Fine-tuning the colors of natural pigment emodin with superior stability through cocrystal engineering[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2018, 18(10): 6123−6132., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881717829808826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OLMEDILLA-ALONSO B, GRANADO-LORENCIO F, CASTRO-FEITO J, et al. Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults[J]. Nutrients, 2024, 16(10): 1415., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881696585658922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696594047531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696602436140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881704655499856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Absorbance values of lutein solutions extracted from different DES types at UV-Vis, figureFileSmall=HkeeWo+8R4NcfXDZF+D7Og==, figureFileBig=3K1XQ8mZj/q4Ey+JQ1G94A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881704940712529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同DES类型提取的叶黄素溶液在紫外可见光的吸光值

注:其中DES-1(薄荷醇:乙酸);DES-2(薄荷醇:丙酸);DES-3(薄荷醇:辛酸);DES-4(薄荷醇:癸酸);DES-5(薄荷醇:己酸);DES-6(薄荷醇:乳酸)。

, figureFileSmall=HkeeWo+8R4NcfXDZF+D7Og==, figureFileBig=3K1XQ8mZj/q4Ey+JQ1G94A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705028792914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison of lutein extraction yield from different types of DES and ethanol extraction, figureFileSmall=j1hXf/6Iet9IRfAZaguJTg==, figureFileBig=Qf2iMN6e6qSYpGLrkPfSww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705104290387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=图2, caption=对比不同类型DES与乙醇提取所得叶黄素提取量

注:不同小写字母表示存在显著性差异(P<0.05),图3~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=j1hXf/6Iet9IRfAZaguJTg==, figureFileBig=Qf2iMN6e6qSYpGLrkPfSww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705163010644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different ethanol concentrations on lutein extraction efficiency, figureFileSmall=dRkJ5mslClRA/sVOpwZSAw==, figureFileBig=Y3791wNqsBmpXHJpWpnt4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705225925205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同乙醇含量对叶黄素提取效果的影响, figureFileSmall=dRkJ5mslClRA/sVOpwZSAw==, figureFileBig=Y3791wNqsBmpXHJpWpnt4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705280451158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of different material-liquid ratios on the extraction efficiency of lutein, figureFileSmall=gcEK3A4R/lWzJSsGBH/6Hw==, figureFileBig=ZlpaX+ltwykaJMhYa9Y0Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705355948631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同料液比对叶黄素提取效果的影响, figureFileSmall=gcEK3A4R/lWzJSsGBH/6Hw==, figureFileBig=ZlpaX+ltwykaJMhYa9Y0Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705448223320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of different extraction temperatures on the extraction efficiency of lutein, figureFileSmall=tHEcqZV1ACaOCIojgXPP4A==, figureFileBig=YIs4cxsoiVEGcJKfJCRBYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705523720793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同提取温度对叶黄素提取效果的影响, figureFileSmall=tHEcqZV1ACaOCIojgXPP4A==, figureFileBig=YIs4cxsoiVEGcJKfJCRBYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705615995482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of different extraction time on the extraction efficiency of lutein, figureFileSmall=BfuFVBpDBA3OdJRb94sH5g==, figureFileBig=wPKeF0pmp57rXCo1l6fVZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705787961947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同提取时间对叶黄素提取效果的影响, figureFileSmall=BfuFVBpDBA3OdJRb94sH5g==, figureFileBig=wPKeF0pmp57rXCo1l6fVZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705867653724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Response surfaces and contours of the effect of the interaction of response factors on the extraction rate of lutein from chrysanthemum tea powder, figureFileSmall=TT74UzaMbx2sAyz09++XCQ==, figureFileBig=DX06ygehV8VNCpj39aX5qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881705938956893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各响应因素交互作用对皇菊茶粉中叶黄素提取量的影响的响应面及等高线, figureFileSmall=TT74UzaMbx2sAyz09++XCQ==, figureFileBig=DX06ygehV8VNCpj39aX5qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881706157060702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Antioxidant activity of lutein extracts obtained by DES and ethanol extraction, figureFileSmall=9d8laTN3CHvLkRz8bh8cBQ==, figureFileBig=A/PUYUoMbsWh0wzGRfQ6Ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881706236752479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=图8, caption=DES和乙醇提取所得叶黄素提取液的抗氧化活性

注:**代表具极显著差异(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=9d8laTN3CHvLkRz8bh8cBQ==, figureFileBig=A/PUYUoMbsWh0wzGRfQ6Ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881706299667040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Comparative microstructure and stability analysis of lutein-menthol eutectic and commercial lutein powder, figureFileSmall=UJCuz0RLB5RpnwMop1LFzQ==, figureFileBig=zlOs/GiTvaPCpfJBmMeyaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881706375164513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=图9, caption=叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶与市售叶黄素粉末的微观结构及稳定性对比

注:A:叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶微观结构;B:市售叶黄素微观结构;C:热稳定性比较;D:光稳定性比较。

, figureFileSmall=UJCuz0RLB5RpnwMop1LFzQ==, figureFileBig=zlOs/GiTvaPCpfJBmMeyaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881706433884770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of response surface test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平乙醇含量(%)料液比(g:mL)提取温度(℃)
−1301:3060
0401:4570
1501:6080
), ArticleFig(id=1320881706563908195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验的因素和水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平乙醇含量(%)料液比(g:mL)提取温度(℃)
−1301:3060
0401:4570
1501:6080
), ArticleFig(id=1320881706660377188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

DES type and viscosity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型HBAHBD粘度(mPa·s)熔融状态
DES-112.2±0.42无色透明液体
DES-28.1±0.36无色透明液体
DES-319.2±0.53淡黄色透明液体
DES-420.0±0.58无色透明液体
DES-59.2±0.37淡黄色透明液体
DES-664.0±0.65无色透明液体
), ArticleFig(id=1320881706735874661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DES类型及粘度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型HBAHBD粘度(mPa·s)熔融状态
DES-112.2±0.42无色透明液体
DES-28.1±0.36无色透明液体
DES-319.2±0.53淡黄色透明液体
DES-420.0±0.58无色透明液体
DES-59.2±0.37淡黄色透明液体
DES-664.0±0.65无色透明液体
), ArticleFig(id=1320881706802983526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Response surface analysis test settings and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号乙醇含量(%)料液比(g:mL)提取温度(℃)提取量(μg/g)
130(−1)1:60(1)70(0)446.01±4.09
240(0)1:60(1)60(−1)500.60±3.15
330(−1)1:30(−1)70(0)488.72±3.98
440(0)1:30(−1)60(−1)533.03±4.91
540(0)1:60(1)80(1)495.21±3.69
640(0)1:30(−1)80(1)512.43±4.52
750(1)1:60(1)70(0)482.79±3.13
840(0)1:45(0)70(0)689.57±4.28
950(1)1:45(0)80(1)547.97±3.46
1040(0)1:45(0)70(0)685.75±4.62
1150(1)1:45(0)60(−1)580.64±4.02
1250(1)1:30(−1)70(0)493.74±3.96
1330(−1)1:45(0)60(−1)542.46±3.06
1440(0)1:45(0)70(0)680.66±4.25
1540(0)1:45(0)70(0)678.66±3.56
1640(0)1:45(0)70(0)686.30±3.79
1730(−1)1:45(0)80(1)532.29±5.34
), ArticleFig(id=1320881706865898087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

响应面分析试验设置及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号乙醇含量(%)料液比(g:mL)提取温度(℃)提取量(μg/g)
130(−1)1:60(1)70(0)446.01±4.09
240(0)1:60(1)60(−1)500.60±3.15
330(−1)1:30(−1)70(0)488.72±3.98
440(0)1:30(−1)60(−1)533.03±4.91
540(0)1:60(1)80(1)495.21±3.69
640(0)1:30(−1)80(1)512.43±4.52
750(1)1:60(1)70(0)482.79±3.13
840(0)1:45(0)70(0)689.57±4.28
950(1)1:45(0)80(1)547.97±3.46
1040(0)1:45(0)70(0)685.75±4.62
1150(1)1:45(0)60(−1)580.64±4.02
1250(1)1:30(−1)70(0)493.74±3.96
1330(−1)1:45(0)60(−1)542.46±3.06
1440(0)1:45(0)70(0)680.66±4.25
1540(0)1:45(0)70(0)678.66±3.56
1640(0)1:45(0)70(0)686.30±3.79
1730(−1)1:45(0)80(1)532.29±5.34
), ArticleFig(id=1320881706991727208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

ANOVA results of regression model equations for lutein extraction rate in chrysanthemum tea powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型118000.00913108.27755.60<0.0001**
A-乙醇含量1145.7711145.7766.05<0.0001**
B-料液比1334.1211334.1276.90<0.0001**
C-温度590.821590.8234.060.0006**
AB252.171252.1714.540.0066**
AC127.461127.467.350.0302*
BC57.84157.843.330.1106
A229051.94129051.941674.63<0.0001**
B264290.48164290.483705.88<0.0001**
C210764.60110764.60620.50<0.0001**
残差121.44717.35
失拟项55.59318.531.130.4384
纯误差65.85416.46
总和118000.0016
R2=0.9990;R2adj=0.9976;R2pred=0.9916;CV=0.7393%
), ArticleFig(id=1320881708635894377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

皇菊茶粉中叶黄素提取量的回归模型方程方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型118000.00913108.27755.60<0.0001**
A-乙醇含量1145.7711145.7766.05<0.0001**
B-料液比1334.1211334.1276.90<0.0001**
C-温度590.821590.8234.060.0006**
AB252.171252.1714.540.0066**
AC127.461127.467.350.0302*
BC57.84157.843.330.1106
A229051.94129051.941674.63<0.0001**
B264290.48164290.483705.88<0.0001**
C210764.60110764.60620.50<0.0001**
残差121.44717.35
失拟项55.59318.531.130.4384
纯误差65.85416.46
总和118000.0016
R2=0.9990;R2adj=0.9976;R2pred=0.9916;CV=0.7393%
), ArticleFig(id=1320881708711391850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of response surface center point verification test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平行试验次数乙醇含量(%)料液比(g:mL)提取温度(℃)提取量(μg/g)
1471:4569642.56
2471:4569643.40
3471:4569646.35
平均值644.11±1.99
), ArticleFig(id=1320881708770112107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

响应面中心点验证试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平行试验次数乙醇含量(%)料液比(g:mL)提取温度(℃)提取量(μg/g)
1471:4569642.56
2471:4569643.40
3471:4569646.35
平均值644.11±1.99
), ArticleFig(id=1320881708853998188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Mass spectral data for the identification of lutein in eutectic using LC-MS/MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号物质保留时间(min)电离模式物质含量(μg/g)
1叶黄素4.24[M+H-18]+107.93±11.36
2叶黄素棕榈酸酯7.01[M+H-18]+18.37±1.24
3花药黄质3.07[M+H]+9.09±0.89
4紫黄质1.67[M+H]+6.40±0.39
5玉米黄质4.79[M+H]+6.21±0.42
6紫黄质肉豆蔻酸酯6.24[M+H]+4.76±0.28
7叶黄素二肉豆蔻酸酯7.54[M+H-228]+2.98±0.01
8β-隐黄质5.63[M+H]+2.24±0.17
9叶黄素二棕榈酸酯7.01[M+H-256]+2.18±0.22
10α-隐黄质5.19[M+H]+1.95±0.06
11叶黄素二硬脂酸酯7.97[M+H-284]+1.68±0.05
12紫黄质二肉豆蔻酸酯7.20[M+H]+1.12±0.14
13新黄质2.07[M+H]+1.03±0.19
14玉米黄质二棕榈酸酯8.02[M+H-256]+0.84±0.08
15玉米黄质棕榈酸酯7.00[M+H]+0.69±0.03
16叶黄素癸酸酯6.06[M+H-18]+0.62±0.04
17叶黄素二月桂酸酯7.22[M+H-201]+0.47±0.02
18新色素棕榈酸酯6.61[M+H-18]+0.47±0.02
19紫黄质-肉豆蔻酸酯-棕榈酸酯7.30[M+H]+0.42±0.04
20紫黄质-肉豆蔻酸酯-油酸酯7.16[M+H]+0.39±0.02
21叶黄素油酸酯6.63[M+H-18]+0.35±0.03
22叶黄素硬脂酸酯7.15[M+H-18]+0.22±0.02
23紫黄质-肉豆蔻酸酯-发酸酯6.95[M+H]+0.14±0.01
245,6-环氧叶黄素二月桂酸酯7.19[M+H-200]+0.11±0.01
25虾青素3.61[M+H]+0.09±0.02
26紫黄质二油酸酯7.06[M+H]+0.07±0.02
278'-β-阿朴胡萝卜素醛4.69[M+H]+0.07±0.01
28玉米黄质肉豆蔻油酸酯6.66[M+H]+0.07±0.01
29玉米黄质-棕榈酸酯-硬脂酸酯8.22[M+H]+0.06±0.02
30紫黄质二丁酸酯6.30[M+H]+0.04±0.01
31β-柠乌素2.99[M+H]+0.02±0.01
32角黄素4.88[M+H]+0.02±0.01
33海胆烯酮5.64[M+H]+0.02±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320881708925301357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

利用LC-MS/MS鉴定共晶中叶黄素的质谱数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号物质保留时间(min)电离模式物质含量(μg/g)
1叶黄素4.24[M+H-18]+107.93±11.36
2叶黄素棕榈酸酯7.01[M+H-18]+18.37±1.24
3花药黄质3.07[M+H]+9.09±0.89
4紫黄质1.67[M+H]+6.40±0.39
5玉米黄质4.79[M+H]+6.21±0.42
6紫黄质肉豆蔻酸酯6.24[M+H]+4.76±0.28
7叶黄素二肉豆蔻酸酯7.54[M+H-228]+2.98±0.01
8β-隐黄质5.63[M+H]+2.24±0.17
9叶黄素二棕榈酸酯7.01[M+H-256]+2.18±0.22
10α-隐黄质5.19[M+H]+1.95±0.06
11叶黄素二硬脂酸酯7.97[M+H-284]+1.68±0.05
12紫黄质二肉豆蔻酸酯7.20[M+H]+1.12±0.14
13新黄质2.07[M+H]+1.03±0.19
14玉米黄质二棕榈酸酯8.02[M+H-256]+0.84±0.08
15玉米黄质棕榈酸酯7.00[M+H]+0.69±0.03
16叶黄素癸酸酯6.06[M+H-18]+0.62±0.04
17叶黄素二月桂酸酯7.22[M+H-201]+0.47±0.02
18新色素棕榈酸酯6.61[M+H-18]+0.47±0.02
19紫黄质-肉豆蔻酸酯-棕榈酸酯7.30[M+H]+0.42±0.04
20紫黄质-肉豆蔻酸酯-油酸酯7.16[M+H]+0.39±0.02
21叶黄素油酸酯6.63[M+H-18]+0.35±0.03
22叶黄素硬脂酸酯7.15[M+H-18]+0.22±0.02
23紫黄质-肉豆蔻酸酯-发酸酯6.95[M+H]+0.14±0.01
245,6-环氧叶黄素二月桂酸酯7.19[M+H-200]+0.11±0.01
25虾青素3.61[M+H]+0.09±0.02
26紫黄质二油酸酯7.06[M+H]+0.07±0.02
278'-β-阿朴胡萝卜素醛4.69[M+H]+0.07±0.01
28玉米黄质肉豆蔻油酸酯6.66[M+H]+0.07±0.01
29玉米黄质-棕榈酸酯-硬脂酸酯8.22[M+H]+0.06±0.02
30紫黄质二丁酸酯6.30[M+H]+0.04±0.01
31β-柠乌素2.99[M+H]+0.02±0.01
32角黄素4.88[M+H]+0.02±0.01
33海胆烯酮5.64[M+H]+0.02±0.01
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1260987317930967064, delFlag=0, nameCn=食品工业科技, nameEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-0306, eissn=null, cn=11-1759/TS, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1778572404609, updatedTime=1788949639446, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Agriculture, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Agriculture, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, picEn=k9cXIKW0r+dhvmYbf8WDQQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304512595617145106, language=CN, name=食品工业科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949639467, updatedTime=1788949639467, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304512595688448275, language=EN, name=Science and Technology of Food Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949639484, updatedTime=1788949639484, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1260987677001138203, websiteList=[Website(id=1260990269093196609, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1260987677001138203, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1778573108218, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778573937722, updateBy=18614031015, name=食品工业科技-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=食品工业科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260993882188333840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778573969647, updateTime=1778573969647, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993881970230029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778573969595, updateTime=1778573969595, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882259637011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969664, updateTime=1778573969664, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993881940869900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/file/pic?fileId=m5/V/nQKn3zR0EIDYaiOEA==, createTime=1778573969588, updateTime=1778573969588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882284802837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969670, updateTime=1778573969670, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882175750927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1778573969644, updateTime=1778573969644, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882276414228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969668, updateTime=1778573969668, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882049921806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1778573969614, updateTime=1778573969614, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882196722449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778573969649, updateTime=1778573969649, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882234471186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778573969658, updateTime=1778573969658, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1260990269265163062, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1260987677001138203, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1778573108259, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778573934408, updateBy=18614031015, name=食品工业科技-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science and Technology of Food Industry, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260993842489246463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778573960182, updateTime=1778573960182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842438914812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778573960170, updateTime=1778573960170, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842510217986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960187, updateTime=1778573960187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842430526203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/file/pic?fileId=m5/V/nQKn3zR0EIDYaiOEA==, createTime=1778573960168, updateTime=1778573960168, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842531189508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960192, updateTime=1778573960192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842476663550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1778573960179, updateTime=1778573960179, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842522800899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960190, updateTime=1778573960190, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842447303421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1778573960172, updateTime=1778573960172, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842497635072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778573960184, updateTime=1778573960184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842506023681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778573960186, updateTime=1778573960186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=食品工业科技, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.spgykj.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, journalPhotoCn=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, journalPhotoEn=k9cXIKW0r+dhvmYbf8WDQQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/PDF/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/PDF/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1786723200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
薄荷醇基低共熔剂提取皇菊叶黄素制备叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶的研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
陈金玉 , 李丹 , 滕杰 , 刘洋 *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(16): 270-281
收起
收藏切换
食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (16) : 270 -281
薄荷醇基低共熔剂提取皇菊叶黄素制备叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶的研究
全屏
[Author(id=1320881696682127918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2792810358@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881696971534897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881696682127918, language=EN, stringName=Jinyu CHEN, firstName=Jinyu, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881697349022259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881696682127918, language=CN, stringName=陈金玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045, bio={"content":"

陈金玉(2005−),女,本科,研究方向:天然产物提取与分析,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

陈金玉(2005−),女,本科,研究方向:天然产物提取与分析,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881696585658922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696594047531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696602436140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045)])]), Author(id=1320881697424519733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881697500017207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881697424519733, language=EN, stringName=Dan LI, firstName=Dan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881697822978617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881697424519733, language=CN, stringName=李丹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881696585658922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696594047531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696602436140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045)])]), Author(id=1320881698179494459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881699869798973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881698179494459, language=EN, stringName=Jie TENG, firstName=Jie, middleName=null, lastName=TENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881699962073662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881698179494459, language=CN, stringName=滕杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881696585658922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696594047531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696602436140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045)])]), Author(id=1320881700268257856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liuyang@jxau.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881700356338242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881700268257856, language=EN, stringName=Yang LIU, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881700423447107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, authorId=1320881700268257856, language=CN, stringName=刘洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881696585658922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696594047531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881696602436140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881253595853068, companyId=1320881696585658922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045)])])]
陈金玉 , 李丹, 滕杰, 刘洋*
作者信息
  • 江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045
通讯作者:
刘洋(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:植物深加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈金玉(2005−),女,本科,研究方向:天然产物提取与分析,E-mail:

Extraction of Lutein from Chrysanthemum by Menthol-based Deep Eutectic Solvents to Synthesize the Lutein-Menthol Cocrystal
Jinyu CHEN , Dan LI, Jie TENG, Yang LIU*
Affiliations
  • College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224
文章导航
收藏切换

为建立一种绿色高效的天然叶黄素提取方法并提升其稳定性,本研究利用薄荷醇基低共熔剂(deep eutectic solvents,DESs)提取皇菊叶黄素并制备叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶,首先对比 6 种薄荷醇基 DES(薄荷醇-乙酸、薄荷醇-丙酸、薄荷醇-辛酸、薄荷醇-癸酸、薄荷醇-己酸、薄荷醇-乳酸)对皇菊叶黄素的提取效率,筛选出最优溶剂类型;在此基础上,以乙醇含量、料液比、提取温度、提取时间为单因素考察变量,结合响应面法优化提取工艺参数;同时对提取所得叶黄素溶液进行抗氧化活性评价,开展叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶与市售叶黄素粉末的光、热稳定性差异,并采用液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)对共晶进行组分定性定量分析。结果表明:薄荷醇-乙酸(DES-1)为最佳低共熔溶剂;优化后的最佳提取条件为乙醇含量47%(V/V)、料液比 1:45(g/mL)、提取温度 69 ℃,该条件下叶黄素提取量可达 644.11±1.99 μg/g。DES-1 提取制备的叶黄素溶液对羟自由基和 DPPH 自由基的清除率分别达 77.52%、84.58%,显著高于传统乙醇提取法(P<0.01)。在 30 ℃/75% RH 热环境与4500 Lux/25 ℃光照条件下,叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶的叶黄素保留率分别为 84.34% 和 33.73%,均显著高于市售叶黄素,形成的共晶结构不仅能物理阻碍氧气渗透,同时叶黄素两端的醇羟基还会与薄荷醇上羟基形成强氢键作用,从而显著提升稳定性。经 LC-MS/MS 鉴定,共晶中共检出叶黄素、叶黄素棕榈酸酯等 33 种叶黄素类组分,其中游离叶黄素含量最高,提取量达 107.93±11.36 μg/g。本研究制备的叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶显著提高叶黄素稳定性,可为叶黄素的实际开发利用提供更多可能。

叶黄素  /  低共熔剂  /  薄荷醇  /  共晶体  /  稳定性  /  抗氧化

To establish an eco-friendly and efficient method for extracting natural lutein while enhancing its stability, this study employed menthol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the extraction of lutein from chrysanthemum and the preparation of lutein-menthol cocrystals. The feasibility of this approach was evaluated through the analysis of the antioxidant activity of the extracted lutein solutions, as well as the stability and composition of the cocrystals. Firstly, the extraction efficiency of six DESs (menthol-acetic acid, menthol-propionic acid, menthol-octanoic acid, menthol-decanoic acid, menthol-hexanoic acid, and menthol-lactic acid) for lutein was compared, identifying the optimal eutectic solvent. Subsequently, single-factor investigations were conducted on ethanol content, solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time, and the extraction process parameters were optimized by using the response surface method. At the same time, the antioxidant activity of the extracted lutein solution was evaluated, and the differences in light and heat stability between the lutein-piperonal complex and the commercially available lutein powder were investigated. The cocrystal was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results indicated that menthol-acetic acid (DES-1) was the optimal eutectic solvent; the optimized extraction conditions were 47% (V/V) ethanol content, a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:45 (g/mL), and an extraction temperature of 69 ℃, under which the extraction yield of lutein can reached 644.11±1.99 μg/g. The lutein solution extracted and prepared with DES-1 exhibits scavenging rates of 77.52% and 84.58% for hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals, respectively, which were significantly higher than those achieved by traditional ethanol extraction methods (P<0.01). Under thermal conditions of 30 ℃ at 75% relative humidity and light conditions of 4500 Lux at 25 ℃, the lutein retention rates for the lutein-menthol cocrystal were 84.34% and 33.73%, both of which were significantly higher than those of commercially available lutein. The formed cocrystal structure could physically hinder oxygen penetration, while the hydroxyl groups at both ends of lutein can form strong hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of menthol, thereby significantly enhancing stability. Identification through LC-MS/MS revealed a total of 33 lutein-related components in the cocrystal, including lutein and lutein palmitate, with the highest content of free lutein reaching 107.93±11.36 μg/g. The lutein-menthol cocrystal prepared in this study significantly enhances the stability of lutein and may provide more possibilities for the practical development and utilization of lutein.

lutein  /  deep eutectic solvents  /  menthol  /  cocrystal  /  stability  /  antioxidant
陈金玉, 李丹, 滕杰, 刘洋. 薄荷醇基低共熔剂提取皇菊叶黄素制备叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶的研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 270 -281 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224
Jinyu CHEN, Dan LI, Jie TENG, Yang LIU. Extraction of Lutein from Chrysanthemum by Menthol-based Deep Eutectic Solvents to Synthesize the Lutein-Menthol Cocrystal[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 270 -281 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224
菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium)为菊科菊属多年生草本植物,通常以头状花序入药,具有散风清热、平肝明目及清热解毒的功效[1]。婺源皇菊是菊花的一个重要栽培品类,原产于江西婺源,是当地主要的乡村振兴产业[2]。其花瓣层层叠叠、紧密排列,富含多种生物活性成分,包括叶黄素[3]、黄酮类[4]、多糖类[5]及挥发油类[6]等。其中,烘干皇菊的叶黄素含量可达46.8 mg/100 g,在天然植物中处于较高水平[7]。叶黄素属于3,3-二羟基-α-胡萝卜素,分子结构中含有多个不饱和键,两端连有羟基(-OH),因而具备较强的抗氧化能力,可有效清除自由基,抑制活性氧对正常细胞的损伤[8−9]。此外,叶黄素还具有护眼功效,已广泛应用于缓解视疲劳的功能性食品中[10]。
目前,天然叶黄素的提取方法主要包括有机溶剂萃取法[11]、超声波辅助提取法[12]、微波辅助提取法[13]、超临界CO2萃取法[14]等。然而,这些方法均存在一定的局限性,有机溶剂萃取法不仅获得率偏低(如以丙酮为溶剂时仅0.35%[15]),且易造成溶剂残留与环境污染;超声波与微波辅助法虽能提升萃取效率与速度,但其产生的空化效应或热效应易促使全反式叶黄素转为顺式异构体,从而导致其生物利用度与抗氧化活性显著下降[16];超临界CO2萃取法虽具备溶剂可回收、无残留等优势,但实现高提取率常需高达35 MPa的操作压力[17],且设备成本高、技术门槛严苛[18−19]。此外,由于叶黄素对光、热环境敏感,易降解,这极大程度制约了它的提取与运用[20]。因此,亟需开发一项绿色、高效的新型提取工艺。
近年来,低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvents,DESs)作为一种新型绿色提取溶剂备受关注,它是由氢键受体(hydrogen bond acceptor,HBA)和氢键供体(hydrogen bond donor,HBD)按一定摩尔比混合而成的体系,具有成本低廉、制备简便、环境友好等优点[21]。目前,已应用于小球藻[22]、万寿菊[23]中天然叶黄素的提取,在提升提取效率的同时兼顾了经济性与环保性,但仍未解决叶黄素在提取后稳定性差的问题。薄荷醇基DES是一种疏水性DES,其以薄荷醇作为HBA,长链单羧酸、酚类或萜烯作为HBD,借助薄荷醇中环己烷环结构提供疏水特性[24]。该类DES克服了传统亲水性DES易与亲水性有机溶剂或水性介质混溶的局限性,扩展了其在疏水性成分提取中的应用范围[25]。目前,已用于挥发性芳烃、药物成分及重金属等多种分析物的提取[26]。此外,薄荷醇作为天然单萜类化合物,具备抗菌、消炎及生物可降解性[27],以其为HBA的DES体系,不仅能够选择性减少亲水性杂质的溶出,提高叶黄素从植物基质中的提取效率,更可在溶剂回收后与叶黄素形成共晶结构,从而显著增强叶黄素的稳定性。因此,薄荷醇基DES在叶黄素绿色高效提取与稳定性提升方面展现出良好的应用前景。
本研究拟利用薄荷醇基DES提取皇菊中的叶黄素,以乙醇含量、料液比、提取温度和提取时间作为单因素分别考察其对皇菊中的叶黄素提取率的影响,再通过响应面设计优化工艺参数以确定最佳提取工艺。在优化后的提取条件下通过旋蒸的方式获得叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶,并对其特性和叶黄素组分进行分析,旨在解决传统提取方法效率低、稳定性差的问题,通过DES共晶技术提升叶黄素生物利用率,以期为天然叶黄素的提取与开发利用提供参考。
皇菊茶 江西本无尘茶叶有限公司,利用多功能粉碎机粉碎并避光干燥保存备用;薄荷醇、乙酸、丙酸、辛酸、己酸、癸酸、乳酸、乙醇、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼、邻二氮菲、硫酸亚铁、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、过氧化氢(均为分析纯) 生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;叶黄素标准品(纯度>95%) 士锋生物;叶黄素粉末(标识含量为60%) 荣康生物科技;甲醇、乙腈、乙醇、丙酮、甲酸、氯化钠、氢氧化钾、甲基叔丁基醚、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)、正己烷(均为色谱纯) 上海星可有限公司;二氯甲烷、新黄质、紫黄质、β-柠乌素、花药黄质、叶黄素、8'-β-阿朴胡萝卜素醛、玉米黄质、角黄素、α-隐黄质、β-隐黄质、海胆烯酮标准品(纯度均>99%) Sigma-Aldrich。
YB-500A型多功能粉碎机 永康市速锋工贸有限公司;752型紫外可见分光光度计 上海菁华科技仪器有限公司;CJ78-1型磁力搅拌器 中国常州金坛大地自动化仪表厂;NDJ-5SN型粘度计 上海析牛莱伯仪器有限公司;5810R型离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;HH-6S数显恒温水浴锅 上海捷呈实验仪器有限公司;XD-52型旋转蒸发仪 上海贤德实验仪器公司;OLYMPUS-IX73型倒置荧光显微镜 上海成贯仪器有限公司;KBF P240 BINDER稳定性箱 上海有应生物科技有限公司;QTRAP 6500型液相色谱串联质谱仪 SCIEX。
DES制备参考LIU等[24]的方法,以薄荷醇作为HBA,乙酸、丙酸、辛酸、癸酸、己酸、乳酸分别作为HBD,按摩尔比1:1在80 ℃下磁力搅拌,直至薄荷醇全部融化,形成均一的混合液,分别为DES-1、DES-2、DES-3、DES-4、DES-5、DES-6。将配制好的混合液置于阴凉干燥处储存备用。
参考MUSSAGY等[28]方法,称取0.2 g皇菊茶粉末于烧杯中,分别按1:60(g/mL)料液比加入含30%(v/v)乙醇的DES溶液并放在磁力搅拌器60 ℃下混匀15 min,待冷却至室温后,在4500 r/min下离心10 min,小心收集上清液,避光保存。取上清液在400~700 nm波长范围内扫描,确定皇菊叶黄素的特征吸收波长。
利用粘度计测定6种DES溶剂的粘度。将常温待测液倒入样品器中,并将零号转子旋入连接螺杆上,使转子逐渐浸没待测液,确保完全浸没并无气泡残留后,启动粘度计,调节转速为30 r/min进行测定,当指针趋于稳定,按下指针控制开关,读数并记录数值,重复检测三次。
以叶黄素提取量为指标,对比6种DES及乙醇对皇菊中叶黄素的提取效果。称取0.2 g皇菊茶粉末于烧杯中,分别按1:60(g/mL)料液比加入含30%(v/v)乙醇的DES溶液、无水乙醇并放在磁力搅拌器60 ℃下提取15 min,待冷却至室温后,在4500 r/min下离心10 min,小心收集上清液,用乙醇作空白对照分别于445 nm处测定其吸光值。
参考马永强等[29]配制标准溶液方法,准确配制浓度为0、1、2、5、10、20 μg/mL的标准溶液,用乙醇作空白对照分别于445 nm处测定其吸光值。以叶黄素质量浓度(μg/mL)为横坐标(X),445 nm处吸光值为纵坐标(Y),绘制叶黄素标准曲线如下:Y=0.1645X+0.0762,R2=0.9974。叶黄素提取量按以下公式计算:
$ \text{叶黄素提取量(μg/g})=\frac{\mathrm{c}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{m}} $
式中:c表示由标准曲线计算得出的叶黄素质量浓度,μg/mL;V表示提取溶剂体积,mL;m表示皇菊茶粉质量,g。
各单因素实验(乙醇含量、料液比、提取温度及提取时间)的参数范围,是在参考VIÑAS-OSPINO等[30]、陈菁等[31]及高子文等[32]研究方法的基础上,结合预实验结果综合确定,并以此为基础考察各单因素对叶黄素提取量的影响。
称取0.2 g皇菊茶粉末加入到1.2.3筛选出的最佳DES中,固定料液比1:75(g/mL)、提取温度60 ℃、提取时间15 min,考察单因素DES乙醇含量(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%)对叶黄素提取量的影响。
称取0.2 g皇菊茶粉末加到1.2.3筛选出的最佳DES中,固定DES乙醇含量为40%、提取温度为60 ℃、提取时间为15 min,考察单因素料液比(1:30、1:45、1:60、1:75、1:90 g/mL)对叶黄素提取量的影响。
称取0.2 g皇菊茶粉末加到1.2.3筛选出的最佳DES中,固定DES乙醇含量为40%、料液比为1:45 g/mL、提取时间为15 min,考察单因素提取温度(40、50、60、70、80 ℃)对叶黄素提取量的影响。
称取0.2 g皇菊茶粉末加到1.2.3筛选出的最佳DES中,固定DES乙醇含量为40%、料液比为1:45 g/mL、提取温度为70 ℃,考察单因素提取时间(5、10、15、20、25 min)对叶黄素提取量的影响。
以单因素实验结果为基础,根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,选取影响较大的乙醇含量(A)、料液比(B)、提取温度(C)为响应因子,用Design-Expert软件进行拟合,以优化叶黄素的提取工艺,因素和水平见表1。
依据响应面法优化得到的最佳提取工艺条件,称取0.2 g皇菊茶粉末置于烧杯中,按料液比1:45(g/mL)加入含体积分数47%乙醇的DES-1溶液,置于磁力搅拌器中,于69 ℃条件下搅拌15 min,待体系冷却至室温后,4500 r/min离心10 min,小心收集上清液,避光保存备用。
称取0.2 g皇菊茶粉末置于烧杯中,按料液比1:45(g/mL)加入体积分数47%的乙醇溶液,置于磁力搅拌器中,于69 ℃条件下搅拌15 min,待体系冷却至室温后,4500 r/min离心10 min,小心收集上清液,避光保存备用。
参考蔡亚洁等[33]方法稍作修改,分别移取50 µL经DES-1、乙醇提取的叶黄素溶液,加入950 µL DPPH溶液中,充分混匀后,作为测定组;另移取50 µL乙醇与950 µL DPPH溶液混合均匀,作为空白组。将上述体系置于室温下避光反应20 min后,采用1 mL玻璃比色皿,在517 nm波长下测定吸光值,平行测定三次,取平均值。按照如下公式分别计算DES-1与乙醇提取的叶黄素溶液对DPPH自由基的清除率:
$ \text{DPPH}自由基清除率(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{空}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{测}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{空}}}\times 100 $
式中,A空表示空白组在517 nm处的吸光值;A测代表测定组在517 nm处的吸光值。
参考朱雨馨等[34]方法稍作修改,取300 μL 5 mmol/L的邻二氮菲溶液,同时加入300 μL 0.75 mol/L的磷酸钠盐缓冲液(pH7.4)、150 μL 7.5 mmol/L的FeSO4溶液,混合均匀为工作液。分别取150 µL经DES-1、乙醇提取的叶黄素溶液加入至750 µL工作液中,再加入150 µL 1% H2O2溶液,混匀作为测定组;将叶黄素溶液替换为H2O,作为对照组;将叶黄素溶液、H2O2溶液替换为H2O,作为空白组。将上述几组试剂放置在37 ℃水浴锅中保温60 min,25 ℃下8000 r/min离心5 min后,分别吸取1 mL于玻璃比色皿中测定536 nm处吸光值。按照如下公式分别计算DES-1与乙醇提取的叶黄素溶液对羟自由基的清除率:
$ \text{羟自由基清除率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{测}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{对}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{空}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{对}}}\times 100 $
式中:A测为测定组在536 nm处的吸光值;A对为对照组在536 nm处的吸光值;A空为空白组在536 nm处的吸光值。
将DES提取的皇菊叶黄素溶液放入旋转蒸发仪中,在70 ℃下旋转蒸发,待其体积减少至30%左右将溶液取出,冷却至室温后,倒入培养皿并置于25 ℃烘箱中过夜,得到叶黄素—薄荷醇共晶[35]。将共晶体置于研钵中充分研磨,过100目筛,获得粒径相对一致的粉末样品,避光低温干燥保存用于后续实验。
采用倒置荧光显微镜分别对叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶粉末和市售叶黄素粉末的微观结构进行观察和对比。将两种粉末样品分别均匀分散于洁净载玻片上,制成薄层样品,确保颗粒分布均匀且无明显团聚遮挡,调整放大倍数至100倍进行观察。
参考郑晨暄[35]方法稍作修改,分别将叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶和市售叶黄素粉末平铺在玻璃皿上,敞口放置于稳定箱中(30 ℃/75%RH),每天翻动粉末两次,分别在0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14 d取样,利用紫外-分光光度计测定样品吸光值并计算叶黄素保留率。
参考郑晨暄[35]方法稍作修改,分别将叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶和市售叶黄素粉末平铺在玻璃皿上,将样品放置于强光稳定箱中(光照强度4500 Lux,温度25 ℃),每天翻动粉末两次,分别在0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14 d取样,利用紫外-分光光度法测定样品吸光值并计算叶黄素保留率。
取2 mg粉末于试管中,加入10 mL无水乙醇使其充分溶解,随后在4500 r/min下离心10 min,小心收集上清液,用乙醇作空白对照于445 nm处测定其吸光值。并按如下公式计算保留率:
$\rm \text{叶黄素保留率}(\text{%}) =\frac{\text{A}}{{\text{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:A表示第N d时样品吸光值;A0表示第0 d时样品吸光值。
参考INBARAJ等[36]方法,称取0.05 g叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶粉末,用0.5 mL含0.01% BHT(g/mL)的正己烷/丙酮/乙醇混合溶液(1:1:1,v/v/v)进行提取,室温下涡旋20 min后,在4 ℃条件下,12000 r/min离心5 min取上清,再重复提取一次后离心合并上清液,将得到的提取液浓缩后,用150 μL二氯甲烷复溶,过0.22 μm滤膜,保存于棕色进样瓶中,用于LC-MS/MS分析。
参考INBARAJ等[36]方法,通过YMC C30(3 μm,100 mm×2.0 mm i.d.)液相色谱柱对样品进行色谱分离,流动相A为加入0.01%BHT和0.1%甲酸的甲醇/乙腈(1:3,v/v)混合液;流动相B为加入0.01% BHT的甲基叔丁基醚;柱温为28 ℃,进样量2 μL,流速为0.8 mL/min;梯度洗脱程序为0~3 min A:B为100:0(v/v),5 min为30:70,9 min为5:95,10~11 min为100:0。
参考RIVERA等[37]的方法,质谱分析在Q-Trap 6500质谱仪上进行,采用大气压化学电离源正离子模式,离子源温度设定为350 ℃。气体参数如下:气帘气压力25 psi,雾化气压力60 psi。质谱采集采用多反应监测模式,质量扫描范围设置为m/z 100~1200。
获得不同样本的质谱分析数据后,对所有目标物的色谱峰进行积分,通过外标法进行定量分析。所有分析均利用三重四级杆质谱的多反应监测模式完成,并按照如下公式计算叶黄素共晶中各组分含量:
$ \mathrm{叶黄素组分含量}(\text{µ} \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{\mathrm{c}\times \mathrm{V}}{1000\times \mathrm{m}} $
式中:c表示样本中积分峰面积代入标准曲线得到的浓度值,μg/mL;V表示复溶时所用溶液的体积,μL;m表示称取样本质量,g。
每个实验重复3次,结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。统计分析使用SPSS 21软件进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),设置95%置信区间,多重比较采用Duncan法;当P<0.05时被认为具有统计学意义。绘图软件使用Origin 2024制作。
将6种薄荷醇基DES提取的叶黄素溶液分别在400~700 nm波长范围内扫描,对皇菊叶黄素的特征吸收波长进行确定。如图1所示,6种提取液均在445 nm处有明显的波峰,该结果与栝楼皮[38]、紫苏[39]和万寿菊[15]中叶黄素的特征吸收波长445 nm一致,说明用DES提取的皇菊叶黄素的特征吸收波长为445 nm。
根据文献[24,28]的DES制备方法,成功制备6种薄荷醇基DES,如表2所示。其中DES-3(薄荷醇:辛酸)、DES-5(薄荷醇:己酸)为淡黄色透明液体,其余均为无色透明液体。粘度是衡量流体流动阻力的指标,6种DES粘度范围为8.1~64 mPa·s,符合NEDAEI等[40]提出的疏水性DES粘度应小于100 mPa·s的标准。
以叶黄素提取量为指标筛选提取效果最佳的DES类型。如图2所示,乙醇提取法所得叶黄素提取量均显著低于6种DES提取的叶黄素提取量(P<0.05)。有机化合物的提取率主要取决于它们对萃取物的亲和力,叶黄素为长链类胡萝卜素,分子以疏水碳链为主,仅两端带有少量羟基,整体呈弱极性、脂溶性,薄荷醇兼具疏水碳骨架与羟基极性位点,以此构建的低共熔溶剂可与叶黄素分子同时形成疏水相互作用与氢键缔合,相比单一乙醇溶剂,与叶黄素分子的亲和作用更强,因此 DES 对叶黄素的提取效率更高[41]。
对比6种DES的提取效果,DES-1的提取效果显著高于其他DES,提取量为526.01 μg/g(P<0.05),另外DES-3、DES-5、DES-6对叶黄素的提取效果无显著差异(P>0.05)。总体来看,叶黄素提取量由大到小的顺序为DES-1>DES-3、5、6>DES-2>DES-4>乙醇。DES-1(薄荷醇-乙酸)提取效果最佳,一方面可能是由于HBD为乙酸时,DES极性与叶黄素匹配度最佳,叶黄素分子整体呈弱疏水性,对于由脂肪酸参与构建的疏水性DES,随脂肪酸碳链的延长,溶剂整体极性逐渐降低、疏水性增强,与叶黄素极性适配度下降[42];此外,由表2可知DES-1粘度为12.2±0.42 mPa·s,处于较低水平,这一特性有利于提升叶黄素在提取体系中的传质效率,进而显著提高提取效率[43]。因此,选择DES-1为最佳DES类型,在后续实验中均以乙酸作为DES的HBD。
皇菊中叶黄素的提取量受DES-1中乙醇含量的影响,乙醇可与DES组分形成氢键,导致组分间的作用力减弱,粘度降低,使DES能更好地渗入皇菊茶粉内部[32]。由图3可以看出,随着提取液中乙醇含量的提高,叶黄素提取量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且不同乙醇含量之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。提取量在乙醇含量为40%时达到峰值(434.31±2.78 μg/g),随着乙醇含量的增加,提取量则显著下降,这可能是由于过量的乙醇会使DES-1间氢键作用大幅削弱甚至消失,导致提取量下降[44]。上述结果表明,当提取液乙醇含量为40%时提取效果最佳。
在皇菊叶黄素的提取中,料液比会影响溶质向溶剂的扩散程度,进而影响叶黄素从皇菊茶粉中溶出的效率[45]。为最大限度提高提取效率,本研究通过固定皇菊茶粉用量,并按比例增加DES-1体积,探究料液比对叶黄素提取量的影响。结果如图4所示,随着料液比的减小,叶黄素提取量呈现先增后减的趋势。当料液比从1:30减小至1:45时叶黄素提取率逐渐升高至最大值(582.10±2.65 μg/g),若料液比继续减小,叶黄素提取量呈显著下降趋势。出现以上趋势的原因可能是当料液比逐渐减小时溶剂增加,加大皇菊茶粉末与DES-1的接触面积,提高传质效率使提取率升高;但料液比若继续减小,叶黄素溶出达到饱和,可能会溶出其他杂质,且过量的DES会使体系黏度增大,使叶黄素提取量下降[46]。综上所述,以1:45为响应面试验的中心点。
在利用DES提取皇菊叶黄素时,温度不仅会影响分子的运动、渗透和扩散速度,还会改变DES的物理性状[47]。为了解温度对DES-1提取皇菊叶黄素的影响,本研究设置了5个温度梯度,结果如图5所示,随着提取温度的提高,叶黄素提取量整体呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且各温度条件下的提取量之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。40~70 ℃间随着温度的提高,叶黄素提取量逐渐上升,在70 ℃时达到最大值,提取量为633.35±2.88 μg/g,这是因为温度升高可加快分子的运动,降低DES黏度,在一定程度上提高叶黄素从皇菊茶粉中脱出并溶解扩散到DES中的速度;而随着温度的继续升高,提取量急剧下降,由于叶黄素分子含共轭双键等热敏性结构,温度过高时,分子内部能量积累会驱动异构化反应与氧化降解反应,根据阿伦尼乌斯公式k=Ae−Ea/(RT)(k为反应速率常数,A为比例系数,Ea为活化能,R为气体常数,T为热力学温度),温度升高会使叶黄素的异构化与氧化降解速率呈指数级加快,最终导致体系中叶黄素有效含量急剧下降[48]。综上,以70 ℃作为响应面试验的中心点。
在提取皇菊叶黄素时,提取时间可能会影响叶黄素的溶出度[49]。为探究时间对叶黄素提取量的影响,本研究设置了5个时间梯度。如图6所示,随提取时间变化,叶黄素提取量的范围为620.09±0.47~636.60±2.05 μg/g,当提取时间为15 min时,叶黄素提取量最大,但与5 min、25 min组的提取量相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。同时,10 min组与20 min组的叶黄素提取量亦无统计学差异(P>0.05)。提取时间对叶黄素提取量的影响无明显变化规律,因此暂不将提取时间作为响应面优化的考察因素。为便于后续实验操作,同时结合提取量最大化原则,选定15 min作为响应面试验的中心点。
基于单因素实验结果,根据Box-Benhnken的中心组合原理,以乙醇含量(A)、料液比(B)、提取温度(C)为考察因素,以叶黄素提取量为响应值(Y),探究各因素的交互作用对叶黄素提取量的影响,实验设计共17个试验点,其中含5组中心点的验证,试验设置及结果如表3。
对试验数据进行二次多项式回归拟合,得到皇菊茶粉中叶黄素提取量与各试验因子编码值的回归模型方程为:
$\begin{split} &\rm Y=684.45+11.97A-12.91B-8.59C+7.94AB-\\&\rm 5.64AC+3.8BC-83.07{A}^{2}-123.57{B}^{2}-50.56{C}^{2} \end{split}$
由表4可知,模型的F值为755.60,P<0.0001,达到极显著水平(P<0.01),失拟项的P值为0.4384>0.05,表明实验结果受所选因素影响较大,受其他因素影响较小,可信度高,实验设计可靠。决定系数(R2)=0.9990,校正系数(R2adj)=0.9976,预测决定系数(R2pred)=0.9916,这三个关键指标均接近1,说明该模型不仅预测值与实际值的拟合程度极高,而且对未知数据具有良好的预测能力,能够准确可靠地描述和预测试验结果。本试验变异系数为0.7393%<10%,表明设计精确性、重复性较好。试验中三个因素对叶黄素提取量的影响程度排序为:料液比(B)>乙醇含量(A)>提取温度(C)。其中一次项(A、B、C)和二次项(A2、B2、C2)均对结果表现为极显著(P<0.001),交互项AB、AC表现为显著影响(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验拟合程度高,可用于分析并预测DES-1对皇菊叶黄素的提取量。
通过回归方程绘制响应面图,观察响应面所呈现的等高线图形状和3D曲面变化情况,能更直观地反映各因素的交互作用,以及它们对叶黄素提取量的影响。若等高线呈椭圆形或马鞍形,代表两因素交互作用显著,若等高线呈圆形,两因素交互作用则不显著[50]。如图7所示,图7a、图7b中等高线图均呈椭圆形,表明乙醇含量(A)与料液比(B)、乙醇含量(A)与提取温度(C)之间均存在显著的交互作用。结合三维响应面图进一步分析可知,各因素间交互作用的响应面均呈开口向下的曲面,说明A与B、A与C的交互作用对叶黄素提取量的影响呈先增后减的趋势,且存在极大值;其中,响应面图7a的坡度最陡,反映出叶黄素提取量对乙醇含量(A)和料液比(B)的变化较为敏感,而乙醇含量(A)与提取温度(C)的交互影响则相对次之。综上,各因素对叶黄素提取量的影响与方差分析结果相符。
通过Design-Expert软件预测的叶黄素最优提取工艺参数为:乙醇含量47.57%、料液比1:44.7(g/mL)、提取温度68.71 ℃。为了确保实验结果的准确性,根据实际将工艺参数调整为:乙醇含量47%、料液比1:45(g/mL)、提取温度69 ℃。对优化条件进行验证试验,平行重复三次,结果如表5所示,平均叶黄素提取量为644.11±1.99 μg/g,与预测值646.79 μg/g十分接近,说明此提取工艺合理可靠。
为探究DES-1提取所得叶黄素溶液抗氧化活性强弱,本研究对比了DES-1和乙醇提取法所得叶黄素提取液对DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力。结果如图8所示,DES-1提取皇菊叶黄素的提取液对DPPH自由基的清除能力显著高于传统乙醇提取法,清除率达84.58%(P<0.01);同样,DES-1提取的叶黄素提取液对羟自由基的清除率也显著高于乙醇提取的叶黄素提取液(P<0.01),达77.52%。相较于传统乙醇提取体系,DES提取体系中叶黄素的得率显著更高,而较高的叶黄素含量是提升体系抗氧化活性的基础;另一方面,薄荷醇作为DES的HBA,本身具备抗菌、抗炎等生物活性,该活性可与叶黄素的抗氧化性能产生协同效应,进而共同增强叶黄素-DES混合体系的整体抗氧化能力[51]。
通过倒置荧光显微镜对市售叶黄素粉末和叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶粉末的微观结构进行观察。如图9A、图9B所示,市售叶黄素粉末的微观结构呈现出不规则片状形态,而叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶则呈现出更为规整的晶体结构。这种形态的差异主要由于其微观分子排列的不同,叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶是通过叶黄素分子两端的醇羟基与薄荷醇的羟基之间形成特定的氢键相互作用,以1:1的摩尔比例自组装而成的全新晶体结构[35]。这种由氢键主导的精确分子排列,构成了其规整晶体形貌的基础,并显著提升结构的致密性。此外,叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶体与市售叶黄素存在的颜色差异,可能是共晶体形成后分子间相互作用的影响。这一现象与郑晨暄[35]研究的叶黄素-己二酸共晶体系结果相似,叶黄素-己二酸共晶体形成后由深红色变为了亮黄色,该研究通过固体紫外表征发现,形成共晶后叶黄素的吸收峰位(半峰高处切线与基线的交点)从673 nm蓝移至607 nm。这种由共晶化诱导的颜色与光谱性质改变,可归因于分子间π-π相互作用和电荷转移效应的协同作用所致[52]。
叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶与市售叶黄素粉末的稳定性对比结果如图9C、图9D所示。在30 ℃/75% RH条件下放置14 d,共晶中叶黄素的保留率(84.34%)远高于市售粉末(2.72%);在4500 Lux/25 ℃光照条件下,共晶的保留率(33.73%)也显著优于市售粉末(4.17%),证明其热稳定性和光稳定性均得到显著改善。此稳定性的提升可能主要由于共晶的形成,叶黄素与薄荷醇通过羟基间氢键作用形成了致密的晶体结构,该结构不仅能有效阻碍氧气渗透,还可保护叶黄素分子的醇羟基,从而减缓降解[35]。
通过LC-MS/MS对共晶中的叶黄素组分进行分析,结果如表6所示。共鉴定到33种叶黄素组分,包括叶黄素、花药黄质、β-隐黄质、玉米黄质和叶黄素酯化物等,其中叶黄素含量最高为107.93±11.36 μg/g,占总叶黄素物质的62.34%。此外,样品中还检出多种叶黄素酯类成分,如叶黄素棕榈酸酯、叶黄素二肉豆蔻酸酯等。这类酯化物在含膳食脂肪的肠道环境中更易溶解,从而有利于吸收,表现出较高的生物利用率;同时,其化学稳定性也优于游离形态[53]。这些结果表明,该共晶样品不仅叶黄素总量丰富,而且特有的组分构成使其在开发高稳定性叶黄素补充剂方面具有良好的应用潜力。
本研究建立了一种从皇菊中提取叶黄素的工艺方法,经筛选得出以薄荷醇为HBA,乙酸为HBD的DES类型为最佳提取溶剂。单因素和响应面设计试验表明,在乙醇含量47%(v/v)、料液比1:45(g/mL)、提取温度69 ℃的条件下,叶黄素提取量达644.11±1.99 μg/g。该提取液对DPPH自由基与羟自由基的清除率分别为84.58%与77.52%,显著高于传统乙醇提取法(P<0.01)。该提取液通过旋转蒸发制备的叶黄素-薄荷醇共晶在微观上呈现规整晶体结构,其在高温高湿(30 ℃/75% RH)和强光(4500 Lux)条件下贮藏14 d后的保留率分别为84.34%±1.14%与33.73%±1.28%,均显著高于市售叶黄素粉末(P<0.05)。LC-MS/MS组分分析显示,共晶中共鉴定出33种类胡萝卜素,其中叶黄素单体含量最高,为107.93 μg/g,同时包含多种叶黄素酯类成分。虽然本研究构建的薄荷醇基DES提取与共晶制备技术,有效提升了叶黄素的提取效率与稳定性,但DES的回收利用、功能性产品的开发及薄荷醇作为食品配料的合规性控制及安全性评估仍有待深入研究,以期为实现天然叶黄素的高值化与产业化发展提供理论依据。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
曹辉, 张晓申, 左红娟, 等. 不同栽培措施对婺源皇菊产量的影响[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2023, 69(2): 74−76,80. [CAO H, ZHANG X S, ZUO H J, et al. Effects of different cultivation measures on yield of Wuyuan Imperial chrysanthemum[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 69(2): 74−76,80.]
CAO H, ZHANG X S, ZUO H J, et al. Effects of different cultivation measures on yield of Wuyuan Imperial chrysanthemum[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 69(2): 74−76,80.
2
程琳, 汪菁佳, 赖存峰. 产业为媒, 擦亮乡村振兴底色——以江西婺源为例[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2023(7): 42−44. [CHENG L, WANG J J, LAI C F. Industry as a medium, polishing the foundation of rural revitalization—taking Wuyuan, Jiangxi as an example[J]. Agricultural Development and Equipment, 2023(7): 42−44.]
CHENG L, WANG J J, LAI C F. Industry as a medium, polishing the foundation of rural revitalization—taking Wuyuan, Jiangxi as an example[J]. Agricultural Development and Equipment, 2023(7): 42−44.
3
刘子腾. 皇菊功能成分的提取及产品开发[D]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2020. [LIU Z T. Extraction of functional components of royal chrysanthemum and product development[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2020.]
LIU Z T. Extraction of functional components of royal chrysanthemum and product development[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2020.
4
饶桂维, 邵丽林, 童建颖. 婺源皇菊总黄酮的超声辅助水提工艺及抗氧化活性[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2021, 42(13): 98−103. [RAO G W, SHAO L L, TONG J Y. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Wuyuan Imperial chrysanthemum and evaluation of their antioxidant activity[J]. Food Research and Development, 2021, 42(13): 98−103.]
RAO G W, SHAO L L, TONG J Y. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Wuyuan Imperial chrysanthemum and evaluation of their antioxidant activity[J]. Food Research and Development, 2021, 42(13): 98−103.
5
孟洁. 金丝皇菊多糖提取、分离、结构及益菌活性研究[D]. 天津: 天津科技大学, 2018. [MENG J. Research on the extraction, separation, structure and biological activity of polysaccharide from Imperial chrysanthemum[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2018.]
MENG J. Research on the extraction, separation, structure and biological activity of polysaccharide from Imperial chrysanthemum[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2018.
6
ZHANG J, SU W Q, FILIPCZAK N, et al. Pharmacological effects of volatile oil from Chrysanthemum and its associated mechanisms: A review[J]. Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine, 2024, 4(1): 79−91.
7
刘玉珊, 许震寰, 刘静, 等. 皇菊的有益成分含量及其可食用性分析[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(31): 10905−10906. [LIU Y S, XU Z H, LIU J, et al. Analysis of the beneficial components and edibility of the Imperial chrysanthemum[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(31): 10905−10906.]
LIU Y S, XU Z H, LIU J, et al. Analysis of the beneficial components and edibility of the Imperial chrysanthemum[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(31): 10905−10906.
8
XIAO Jinshan, LING Li, LI Xuebing, et al. Lutein as an antioxidant inhibits the Maillard reaction in heated egg yolk[J]. LWT, 2025, 218: 117490.
9
AJITHKUMAR V, ISAIMOZHI V, DINESH K S, et al. Exploring the potential of seaweed as a source of lutein: A study of seasonal and spatial variation insights along the south-eastern coast of India[J]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2025, 66: 103576.
10
宋宸, 刘洪宇, 王玉霞, 等. 缓解视疲劳保健食品原料的应用及思考[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2022, 33(9): 91−95. [SONG C, LIU H Y, WANG Y X, et al. Health food raw materials applications on relieving visual fatigue[J]. China Food Additives, 2022, 33(9): 91−95.]
SONG C, LIU H Y, WANG Y X, et al. Health food raw materials applications on relieving visual fatigue[J]. China Food Additives, 2022, 33(9): 91−95.
11
KUMAR K P, SINGH S, KUMAR S M, et al. An efficient process for the extraction of lutein and chemical characterization of other organic volatiles from marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flower[J]. Food Chemistry, 2022, 396: 133647.
12
GAYATHRI S, RAJASREE R S R, SUMAN T Y, et al. Ultrasound-assisted microextraction of β, ε-carotene-3, 3′-diol (lutein) from marine microalgae Chlorella salina: Effect of different extraction parameters[J]. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2018, 8(4): 791−797.
13
MARY L J T, JOTHY T P, DHARANI G. Rapid green microwave assisted extraction of lutein from Chlorella sorokiniana (NIOT-2)–Process optimization[J]. Food Chemistry, 2022, 372: 131151.
14
DERRIEN M, AGHABARARNEJAD M, GOSSELIN A, et al. Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lutein and chlorophyll from spinach by-products using response surface methodology[J]. LWT, 2018, 93: 79−87.
15
李伟雪, 顾丽莉, 杨发容, 等. 超临界萃取-溶剂浸提万寿菊中的叶黄素[J]. 化学工程, 2023, 51(8): 27−32. [LI W X, GU L L, YANG F R, et al. Supercritical extraction combined with solvent extraction of lutein from marigold[J]. Chemical Engineering, 2023, 51(8): 27−32.]
LI W X, GU L L, YANG F R, et al. Supercritical extraction combined with solvent extraction of lutein from marigold[J]. Chemical Engineering, 2023, 51(8): 27−32.
16
ZHANG Yifu, ZHANG Tiantian, YANG Tongliang, et al. Alkaline electrolyzed water-assisted ultrasonic extraction of lutein from daylily (Hemerocallis spp.): Structural preservation and activity evaluation[J]. Food Chemistry, 2025, 463: 141334.
17
王贵, 喻芳琴, 陶正国, 等. 万寿菊叶黄素研究进展[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2025, 33(4): 474−482. [WANG G, YU F Q, TAO Z G, et al. Research progresses on xanthophyll of marigold[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2025, 33(4): 474−482.]
WANG G, YU F Q, TAO Z G, et al. Research progresses on xanthophyll of marigold[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2025, 33(4): 474−482.
18
刘冰雪, 王玲玲, 张晓雪, 等. 万寿菊中叶黄素的超高压提取工艺优化[J]. 森林工程, 2021, 37(4): 71−78. [LIU B X, WANG L L, ZHANG X X, et al. Optimization of ultra-high pressure extraction process for lutein from Marigold[J]. Forest engineering, 2021, 37(4): 71−78.]
LIU B X, WANG L L, ZHANG X X, et al. Optimization of ultra-high pressure extraction process for lutein from Marigold[J]. Forest engineering, 2021, 37(4): 71−78.
19
MONTUORI E, LIMA S, MARCHESE A, et al. Lutein production and extraction from microalgae: Recent insights and bioactive potential[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, 25(5): 2892.
20
FANG Shuaizhen, WANG Yingjie, ZHU Lin, et al. Effect of zein nanoparticles addition on anthocyanin and lutein dual-loaded nanocomposite hydrogels: Structure, physico-chemical and delivery properties[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 309: 142967.
21
EL ACHKAR T, GREIGE-GERGES H, FOURMENTIN S. Basics and properties of deep eutectic solvents: A review[J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2021, 19(4): 3397−3408.
22
ZHANG B X, MUHAMMAD G, DENG L Y, et al. A sustainable and efficient method for sequential extraction of lutein and lipid from deep eutectic solvent pretreated Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J]. RSC Advances, 2025, 15(18): 14072−14078.
23
GHOSHAL S, DUTTA A, MANDAL A, et al. An optimized technique for ultrasound-assisted extraction of xanthophylls from marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) using saturated fatty acid-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2025, 437: 128398.
24
LIU Yang, WANG Hanfei, XU Yuqin, et al. Menthol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for the purification of tea peroxidase using a three-phase partition method[J]. LWT, 2025, 218: 117528.
25
CAO Jun, SU Erzheng. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: The new generation of green solvents for diversified and colorful applications in green chemistry[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 314: 127965.
26
JIN Y, JUNG D, LI K, et al. Mixing of menthol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as a novel method to tune their properties[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2020, 301: 112416.
27
ZHANG Jing, HU Yupei, WANG Zheng. Menthol and its derivatives: Exploring the medical application potential[J]. Engineering in Life Sciences, 2025, 25(9): e70039.
28
MUSSAGY C U, RAMOS N F, CAICEDO-PAZ A V, et al. Techno-economic insights into one-pot bacterial astaxanthin extraction and sustainable therapeutic product development using natural solvent mixtures[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 356: 129926.
29
马永强, 牛绩超, 尤婷婷, 等. 超声辅助复合酶法提取叶黄素及其抗氧化活性研究[J]. 中国调味品, 2024, 49(11): 187−194,220. [MA Y Q, NIU J C, YOU T T, et al. Study on extraction of lutein by ultrasonic-assisted compound enzymatic method and its antioxidant activity[J]. China Condiment, 2024, 49(11): 187−194,220.]
MA Y Q, NIU J C, YOU T T, et al. Study on extraction of lutein by ultrasonic-assisted compound enzymatic method and its antioxidant activity[J]. China Condiment, 2024, 49(11): 187−194,220.
30
VIÑAS-OSPINO A, PANIĆ M, REDOVNIKOVIĆ I R, et al. Using novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents to improve a sustainable carotenoid extraction from orange peels[J]. Food Bioscience, 2023, 53: 102570.
31
陈菁, 陆春霞, 肖潇, 等. 番茄红素的低共熔溶剂提取及降解动力学研究[J]. 食品科技, 2025, 50(6): 240−246. [CHEN J, LU C X, XIAO X, et al. Extraction of lycopene using natural deep eutectic solvents and its degradation kinetics[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2025, 50(6): 240−246.]
CHEN J, LU C X, XIAO X, et al. Extraction of lycopene using natural deep eutectic solvents and its degradation kinetics[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2025, 50(6): 240−246.
32
高子文, 贾智彤, 王利晖, 等. 低共熔溶剂提取绿茶中茶多酚工艺优化及茶多酚提取液的抗氧化活性分析[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2024, 40(7): 1330−1342. [GAO Z W, JIA Z T, WANG L H, et al. Process optimization of tea polyphenols extraction from green tea by deep eutectic solvents and analysis of antioxidant activity[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 40(7): 1330−1342.]
GAO Z W, JIA Z T, WANG L H, et al. Process optimization of tea polyphenols extraction from green tea by deep eutectic solvents and analysis of antioxidant activity[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 40(7): 1330−1342.
33
蔡亚洁, 乌日娜, 李煜, 等. 发酵桑叶茶工艺条件优化及其抗氧化活性分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2024, 45(15): 187−194. [CAI Y J, WU R N, LI Y, et al. Optimization of process conditions for fermented mulberry leaf tea and analysis of its antioxidant activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(15): 187−194.]
CAI Y J, WU R N, LI Y, et al. Optimization of process conditions for fermented mulberry leaf tea and analysis of its antioxidant activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(15): 187−194.
34
朱雨馨, 王文斌, 王佳婧, 等. 富锗木耳菌丝体不同溶剂提取物的体外抗氧化能力[J]. 食品工业科技, 2024, 45(8): 21−28. [ZHU Y X, WANG W B, WANG J J, et al. Antioxidant capacity of different solvent extracts from ge-riched Auricularia auricula mycelium in vitro[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(8): 21−28.]
ZHU Y X, WANG W B, WANG J J, et al. Antioxidant capacity of different solvent extracts from ge-riched Auricularia auricula mycelium in vitro[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(8): 21−28.
35
郑晨暄. 应用共结晶技术改善叶黄素稳定性和生物利用度的研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2024. [ZHEN C X. Improving the stability and bioavailability of lutein using cocrystallization technology[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2024.]
ZHEN C X. Improving the stability and bioavailability of lutein using cocrystallization technology[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2024.
36
INBARAJ B S, LU H, HUNG C F, et al. Determination of carotenoids and their esters in fruits of Lycium barbarum Linnaeus by HPLC–DAD–APCI–MS[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2008, 47(4−5): 812−818.
37
RIVERA S M, CHRISTOU P, CANELA-GARAYOA R. Identification of carotenoids using mass spectrometry[J]. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 2014, 33(5): 353−372.
38
马志虎, 侯喜林, 陈红霞, 等. 栝楼皮叶黄素的超临界CO2萃取及其稳定性研究[J]. 精细化工, 2009, 26(12): 1215−1220. [MA Z H, HOU X L, CHEN H X, et al. Lutein in fruit peel of trichosanthes Kirilowii maxim. by supercritical CO2 extraction and its stability[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2009, 26(12): 1215−1220.]
MA Z H, HOU X L, CHEN H X, et al. Lutein in fruit peel of trichosanthes Kirilowii maxim. by supercritical CO2 extraction and its stability[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2009, 26(12): 1215−1220.
39
张玲, 彭月菊, 牛亚蒙, 等. 紫苏中叶黄素及β-胡萝卜素含量的测定[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2016(5): 121−125. [ZHANG L, PENG Y J, NIU Y M, et al. Determination the contents of lutein and β-carotene in Perilla frutescens[J]. China Food Additives, 2016(5): 121−125.]
ZHANG L, PENG Y J, NIU Y M, et al. Determination the contents of lutein and β-carotene in Perilla frutescens[J]. China Food Additives, 2016(5): 121−125.
40
NEDAEI M, ZAREI A R, ALI GHORBANIAN S. Development of a new emulsification microextraction method based on solidification of settled organic drop: Application of a novel ultra-hydrophobic tailor-made deep eutectic solvent[J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 2018, 42(15): 12520−12529.
41
CHERNIAKOVA M, VARCHENKO V, BELIKOV K. Menthol-based (deep) eutectic solvents: A review on properties and application in extraction[J]. The Chemical Record, 2024, 24(2): e202300267.
42
吴若楠. 低共熔溶剂提取橙皮中类胡萝卜素的研究及应用[D]. 天津: 天津科技大学, 2024. [WU R N. Study and application of deep eutectic solvent extraction carotenoids of orange peel[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2024.]
WU R N. Study and application of deep eutectic solvent extraction carotenoids of orange peel[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2024.
43
李敬会. 低共熔溶剂的制备表征及其萃取丹参和大黄中蒽醌类化合物的研究[D]. 长春: 长春工业大学, 2025. [LI J H. Preparation and characterization of deep eutectic solvents and study on extraction of anthraquinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Rheum palmatum L
D]. Changchun: Changchun University of Technology, 2025.
44
刘伟, 王晓雨, 周玉溪, 等. 低共熔溶剂在植物多糖提取中的应用研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2023, 44(24): 1−11. [LIU W, WANG X Y, ZHOU Y X, et al. Research progress on the application of low eutectic solvents in extraction of plant polysaccharides[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(24): 1−11.]
LIU W, WANG X Y, ZHOU Y X, et al. Research progress on the application of low eutectic solvents in extraction of plant polysaccharides[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(24): 1−11.
45
CAI Yuqing, GAO Hui, SONG Linmeng, et al. Optimization of green deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks saponins by response surface methodology and their antioxidant activities[J]. RSC Advances, 2023, 13(42): 29408−29418.
46
赵悦, 褚天旭, 高哲, 等. 超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取欧李原花青素工艺优化及其生物活性[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(13): 218−232. [ZHAO Y, CHU T X, GAO Z, et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction process and biological activities of Cerasus humilis proanthocyanidin[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(13): 218−232.]
ZHAO Y, CHU T X, GAO Z, et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction process and biological activities of Cerasus humilis proanthocyanidin[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(13): 218−232.
47
JAGLAN P, KUMAR M, KAUSHIK D, et al. Optimization of the extraction process of Moringa oleifera flower by using deep eutectic solvents (DES)[J]. Results in Chemistry, 2024, 7: 101445.
48
ACHIR N, RANDRIANATOANDRO V A, BOHUON P, et al. Kinetic study of β-carotene and lutein degradation in oils during heat treatment[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2010, 112(3): 349−361.
49
裴龙英, 杨丽, 王思丹, 等. 低共熔溶剂提取羊肚菌多糖工艺优化及其益生菌增殖作用[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(15): 255−265. [PEI L Y, YANG L, WANG S D, et al. Optimization of deep eutectic solvents extraction process of polysaccharides from Morchella septimelata and probiotics proliferation[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(15): 255−265.]
PEI L Y, YANG L, WANG S D, et al. Optimization of deep eutectic solvents extraction process of polysaccharides from Morchella septimelata and probiotics proliferation[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(15): 255−265.
50
刘佳怡, 黄磊磊, 王天怡, 等. 超声协同低共熔溶剂提取紫丁香花多酚工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2024, 45(4): 171−179. [LIU J Y, HUANG L L, WANG T Y, et al. Optimization of Syringa oblata Lindl. flower for extraction of polyphenols by ultrasound-assist seep eutectic solvents and analysis of antioxidant activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(4): 171−179.]
LIU J Y, HUANG L L, WANG T Y, et al. Optimization of Syringa oblata Lindl. flower for extraction of polyphenols by ultrasound-assist seep eutectic solvents and analysis of antioxidant activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(4): 171−179.
51
OJEDA G A, VALLEJOS M M, SAMORÌ C, et al. Hydrophobic eutectic solvents for sustainable recovery of carotenoids from mango peel: Extraction optimization and insights into molecular interactions at play[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2025, 425: 127264.
52
LI Meiqi, LI Zhen, ZHANG Qi, et al. Fine-tuning the colors of natural pigment emodin with superior stability through cocrystal engineering[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2018, 18(10): 6123−6132.
53
OLMEDILLA-ALONSO B, GRANADO-LORENCIO F, CASTRO-FEITO J, et al. Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults[J]. Nutrients, 2024, 16(10): 1415.
2026年第47卷第16期
PDF下载
93
43
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224
  • 接收时间:2025-07-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-18
基金
作者信息
    江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌 330045

通讯作者:

刘洋(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:植物深加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070224
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏