Article(id=1320881213930328255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070332, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753632000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852222187, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852222187, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852222187, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852222187, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=82, endPage=93, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881214215540928, articleId=1320881213930328255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Vegetable Oils on the Quality and Flavor Characteristics of Roasted Grass Carp Fillets, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of six different edible oils (soybean oil, sunflower oil, camellia oil, palm oil, perilla oil, and sesame oil) applied by brushing onto grass carp pieces, this study evaluated their color, texture, sensory characteristics, volatile flavor compounds, and fatty acid composition after baking. The results showed that brushing with vegetable oils significantly improved the overall acceptability of the baked fish. A total of 42 volatile flavor compounds were detected, with 8 identified as key compounds, primarily aldehydes such as (Z)-2-nonenal, trans-2-decenal, trans,cis-2,4-decadienal, and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal. The sesame oil treatment imparted a rich roasted aroma due to its characteristic pyrazines, achieving the highest overall sensory score and the greatest variety of key volatile flavor compounds. In contrast, sunflower oil had the least impact on the inherent flavor of the fish, better preserving its original taste. Correlation analysis revealed that nonanal, a common flavor compound, was positively correlated with multiple PUFAs (C18:3n6, C20:3n6, C22:6n3) and SFAs (C11:0, C14:0, C15:0, C20:0), whereas 2-heptenal and benzyl alcohol exhibited negative correlations with the same set of SFAs (C11:0, C14:0, C15:0, C20:0). This elucidates the relationships between several key flavor substances and specific fatty acids in the fish fillets. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for optimizing the flavor quality of grilled fish products through targeted oil selection.

, authors=Jinlin LI1, Shuangshuang HUANG1, Qichang SHEN1, Yuyan JIN1, Junhong XU1, Bin PENG1, Mingming HU1, Bizhen ZHONG1, Zongcai TU1, 2, Chengwei YU1, *, authorsList=Jinlin LI, Shuangshuang HUANG, Qichang SHEN, Yuyan JIN, Junhong XU, Bin PENG, Mingming HU, Bizhen ZHONG, Zongcai TU, Chengwei YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chengwei YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881216925061323, articleId=1320881213930328255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同植物油对烤制草鱼块鱼肉品质及风味特征的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文以草鱼块为对象,使用六种不同食用植物油(大豆油、葵花油、山茶油、棕榈油、紫苏油、芝麻油)涂刷草鱼块,探究烤制后对其色度、质构、感官特性、挥发性风味化合物及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,涂刷植物油显著改善了烤制鱼肉的总体可接受度。经检测,不同烤制组的草鱼块中共检测出挥发性风味化合物42种,其中关键挥发性风味化合物8种,主要是醛类物质,包含(Z)-2-壬烯醛、反式-2-癸烯醛、反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛和反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛等。涂刷芝麻油烤制时,其特征吡嗪类物质赋予产品浓郁烘烤香,综合感官评分最高,关键挥发性风味化合物的种类最多,而葵花油对鱼肉本味影响最小,能够更好保持鱼肉的原本风味。相关性分析表明正壬醛作为共性风味物质与多种PUFA(C18:3n6、C20:3n6和C22:6n3)和SFA(C11:0、C14:0、C15:0和C20:0)呈正相关,2-庚烯醛和苯甲醇则与(C11:0、C14:0、C15:0和C20:0)呈负相关,揭示了鱼块中几种关键性风味物质与脂肪酸间的关系。本研究的结果能够为优化烤制鱼肉制品的风味品质提供科学选油依据与理论指导。

, authors=李金林1, 黄双双1, 沈祺昌1, 金玉颜1, 徐钧洪1, 彭斌1, 胡明明1, 钟比真1, 涂宗财1, 2, 余诚玮1, *, authorsList=李金林, 黄双双, 沈祺昌, 金玉颜, 徐钧洪, 彭斌, 胡明明, 钟比真, 涂宗财, 余诚玮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=余诚玮, authorNote=

李金林(1983−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产加工与风味化学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
余诚玮(1994−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:水产品精深加工和高值化综合利用,E-mail:。
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注:同一指标不同字母代表不同组别之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=UmmlUwxUUwPCR4+s9QWXjA==, figureFileBig=cUzJ5l6kU73/eUWkolFG3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881544496010005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in categories (A) and relative contents (B) of volatile flavor compounds from different vegetable oils, figureFileSmall=ynFSaVql/CS4AwtJVuNuBw==, figureFileBig=RdZQ13I12hKs9/wbUBenrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881544563118870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同植物油挥发性风味化合物种类(A)和相对含量(B)变化, figureFileSmall=ynFSaVql/CS4AwtJVuNuBw==, figureFileBig=RdZQ13I12hKs9/wbUBenrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881544630227735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in categories (A) and relative contents (B) of volatile flavor compounds in grilled grass carp fillets treated with different vegetable oils, figureFileSmall=yVcAgTLR2kP9UdNUlYB+fw==, figureFileBig=Grzqwvqi+S9fEMgMiQqTCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881544701530904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=图4, caption=涂刷不同植物油烤制草鱼块挥发性风味化合物种类(A)和相对含量(B)变化, figureFileSmall=yVcAgTLR2kP9UdNUlYB+fw==, figureFileBig=Grzqwvqi+S9fEMgMiQqTCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881544777028377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Correlation analysis between volatile flavor compounds and fatty acid composition, figureFileSmall=DRidWf7SjdzPphmxc3f/Dg==, figureFileBig=dfvKQV9Gp5AU9vD6gKnjig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881544844137242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=图5, caption=挥发性风味化合物与脂肪酸组成的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=DRidWf7SjdzPphmxc3f/Dg==, figureFileBig=dfvKQV9Gp5AU9vD6gKnjig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881544932217627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria of grass carp blocks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目标准评分
外观形态质地均匀、形态完整,手撕断面有清晰肌肉纤维、呈蒜瓣状8~10
质地较均匀、形态较完整、肉质较黏5~7
质地不均匀、易碎、或肉质很黏0~4
色泽色泽光亮、颜色亮白、色度均匀8~10
色泽暗淡、颜色灰白、色度较均匀5~7
颜色灰暗、不均一、有焦黑色0~4
气味有烤鱼香味、无异味、有特异油香8~10
鱼香味不明显5~7
鱼腥味重、油哈喇味严重0~4
组织状态韧性强、肉质软硬适中8~10
韧性较强、肉质较硬5~7
组织软烂无韧性或肉质坚硬0~4
可接受度接受度高8~10
可接受5~7
不可接受0~4
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545011909404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

草鱼块感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目标准评分
外观形态质地均匀、形态完整,手撕断面有清晰肌肉纤维、呈蒜瓣状8~10
质地较均匀、形态较完整、肉质较黏5~7
质地不均匀、易碎、或肉质很黏0~4
色泽色泽光亮、颜色亮白、色度均匀8~10
色泽暗淡、颜色灰白、色度较均匀5~7
颜色灰暗、不均一、有焦黑色0~4
气味有烤鱼香味、无异味、有特异油香8~10
鱼香味不明显5~7
鱼腥味重、油哈喇味严重0~4
组织状态韧性强、肉质软硬适中8~10
韧性较强、肉质较硬5~7
组织软烂无韧性或肉质坚硬0~4
可接受度接受度高8~10
可接受5~7
不可接受0~4
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545104184093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of different vegetable oils on the color parameters of grilled grass carp fillets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别L*值a*值b*值
对照组71.33±0.96d0.60±0.31a8.83±0.59a
棕榈油组71.89±0.57cd0.31±0.05bc8.14±0.07a
大豆油组75.62±0.70b−0.83±0.29d6.64±1.22b
葵花油组72.61±0.25c0.22±0.12c8.90±0.17a
山茶油组77.89±0.31a−0.69±0.19d6.82±0.36b
紫苏油组78.31±0.19a−0.02±0.05c8.24±0.08a
芝麻油组76.47±0.17b0.65±0.08a8.98±0.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545183875870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

涂刷不同植物油对烤制草鱼块的色度影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别L*值a*值b*值
对照组71.33±0.96d0.60±0.31a8.83±0.59a
棕榈油组71.89±0.57cd0.31±0.05bc8.14±0.07a
大豆油组75.62±0.70b−0.83±0.29d6.64±1.22b
葵花油组72.61±0.25c0.22±0.12c8.90±0.17a
山茶油组77.89±0.31a−0.69±0.19d6.82±0.36b
紫苏油组78.31±0.19a−0.02±0.05c8.24±0.08a
芝麻油组76.47±0.17b0.65±0.08a8.98±0.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545250984735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of different vegetable oils on the texture properties of grilled grass carp fillets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本硬度(g)咀嚼性(g)弹性内聚性胶着性(g)
对照组237.29±8.25bc44.94±11.13ab0.44±0.07a0.34±0.04a101.01±11.11abc
大豆油组244.84±17.52bc34.60±6.78ab0.44±0.08a0.25±0.02c78.22±7.13c
葵花油组222.53±13.99c30.06±1.66ab0.38±0.03a0.29±0.04abc79.69±3.88c
山茶油组270.09±14.81b40.88±8.29ab0.41±0.05a0.30±0.05abc99.33±18.68abc
棕榈油组275.23±13.26ab49.14±19.15a0.42±0.13a0.33±0.04ab114.18±8.63a
紫苏油组268.74±40.30b26.08±8.14b0.30±0.03a0.27±0.03bc85.29±20.26bc
芝麻油组309.63±13.85a39.24±5.63ab0.38±0.06a0.26±0.01c104.84±3.69ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545355842336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

涂刷不同植物油对烤制草鱼块的质构影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本硬度(g)咀嚼性(g)弹性内聚性胶着性(g)
对照组237.29±8.25bc44.94±11.13ab0.44±0.07a0.34±0.04a101.01±11.11abc
大豆油组244.84±17.52bc34.60±6.78ab0.44±0.08a0.25±0.02c78.22±7.13c
葵花油组222.53±13.99c30.06±1.66ab0.38±0.03a0.29±0.04abc79.69±3.88c
山茶油组270.09±14.81b40.88±8.29ab0.41±0.05a0.30±0.05abc99.33±18.68abc
棕榈油组275.23±13.26ab49.14±19.15a0.42±0.13a0.33±0.04ab114.18±8.63a
紫苏油组268.74±40.30b26.08±8.14b0.30±0.03a0.27±0.03bc85.29±20.26bc
芝麻油组309.63±13.85a39.24±5.63ab0.38±0.06a0.26±0.01c104.84±3.69ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545439728417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Composition and relative content of volatile flavor compounds in different vegetable oils

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风味化合物
种类
风味化合物
编号
CAS风味化合物名称相对含量(%)
大豆油葵花油山茶油棕榈油紫苏油芝麻油
醛类1124-13-0正辛醛1.50±0.55cND7.31±1.58a6.94±0.62a5.36±0.38bND
218829-55-5反-2-庚醛8.70±1.75a6.15±1.06b4.96±0.11b6.46±0.71b4.87±0.49bND
3124-19-6正壬醛3.24±0.91c1.95±0.61cd16.95±0.89a15.98±1.34a12.17±0.33b1.27±0.14d
42548-87-0E-2-辛烯醛ND3.23±0.93NDNDNDND
54313-03-5(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛NDNDNDND13.23±0.51ND
6112-31-2癸醛NDND2.25±0.39a2.23±0.68a1.64±0.09bND
718829-56-6反-2-壬醛2.25±0.55c1.80±0.46c3.80±0.17b6.15±0.13a3.46±0.14bND
83913-81-3反式-2-癸烯醛3.47±1.08b2.91±1.69b10.98±0.66a12.13±0.59a10.62±0.25aND
998-01-1糠醛NDND0.22±0.04bNDND5.01±0.2a
1060784-31-8(Z)-2-壬烯醛NDNDNDNDND0.30±0.02
11620-02-05-甲基-2-糠醛NDNDNDNDND3.88±0.16
125910-87-2反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛NDNDND0.95±0.14aND0.10±0.03b
1325152-83-4反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛5.23±1.37ab6.99±2.73a3.47±0.03b4.52±0.25ab3.41±0.15bND
1425152-84-5反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛17.24±5.09b30.06±4.65a10.42±0.33c13.69±1.36bc9.93±0.36c1.51±0.11d
15120-57-03,4-亚甲二氧基苯甲醛NDNDNDNDND0.05±0.01
1667-47-05-羟甲基糠醛NDNDNDNDND0.1±0.01
酮类17821-55-62-壬酮NDND0.68±0.12NDNDND
18116-09-6羟基丙酮NDNDNDNDND0.09±0.01
191003-04-9四氢噻吩-3-酮NDNDNDNDND0.29±0.02
20497-23-42(5H)-呋喃酮NDNDNDNDND0.42±0.01
2180-71-7甲基环戊烯醇酮NDNDNDNDND0.75±0.05
22498-02-2香草乙酮NDNDNDNDND0.14±0.01
醇类2371-41-0正戊醇5.57±1.39a2.52±0.39b2.07±0.18b2.72±0.44bND0.24±0.01c
24111-27-3正己醇0.50±0.17c0.29±0.07d1.07±0.17a0.86±0.09b0.82±0.02b0.13±0.01d
25111-76-2乙二醇丁醚NDNDNDND0.45±0.00ND
263391-86-41-辛烯-3-醇3.63±0.86a2.76±0.47b1.05±0.11cd1.44±0.1c1.09±0.01cd0.27±0.03d
27111-70-6正庚醇1.04±0.16cND1.75±0.05a1.44±0.15bNDND
28111-87-5正辛醇ND0.48±0.04c2.07±0.15a1.61±0.06b1.49±0.08b0.14±0.01c
29112-53-8月桂醇ND0.36±0.01NDNDNDND
3019132-06-0(S,S)-(+)-2,3-丁二醇NDNDNDNDND0.16±0.01
3198-00-0糠醇NDNDNDNDND6.69±0.24
32118-71-8麦芽醇NDNDNDNDND0.96±0.01
芳香族33611-14-3邻乙基甲苯ND0.12±0.08NDNDNDND
343454-07-71-乙基-4-乙烯基苯0.70±0.16a0.37±0.07bNDNDNDND
3560-12-8苯乙醇0.08±0.02cND0.19±0.03bNDND0.24±0.02a
36100-52-7苯甲醛0.89±0.24b0.88±0.07bNDND2.38±0.15a0.61±0.04c
37529-20-4邻甲基苯甲醛NDND0.49±0.10ab0.57±0.07a0.47±0.02bND
3898-86-2苯乙酮0.09±0.02c0.13±0.01bc0.17±0.02bND0.19±0.03b1.57±0.06a
394748-78-14-乙基苯甲醛0.34±0.01c0.19±0.09d1.14±0.05b1.24±0.02b1.40±0.06a0.04±0.01e
4097-53-0丁香酚ND39.75±4.60NDNDNDND
41108-95-2苯酚NDND0.70±0.06a0.63±0.05ab0.57±0.14b0.27±0.02c
42620-23-5间甲基苯甲醛NDNDNDNDND0.03±0.00
43122-78-12-苯基乙醛NDNDNDNDND0.09±0.01
4490-05-1愈创木酚NDNDNDNDND6.32±0.29
45100-51-6苯甲醇NDNDNDNDND0.25±0.01
467786-61-02-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚NDNDNDNDND1.94±0.10
4791-10-12,6-二甲氧基苯酚NDNDNDNDND0.19±0.02
482628-17-34-乙烯基苯酚NDNDNDNDND0.03±0.00
酯类4976-49-3乙酸龙脑酯NDND3.45±0.87aND1.09±0.26bND
50108-29-2丙位戊内酯NDNDNDND0.16±0.05ND
5196-48-0γ-丁内酯0.41±0.03c0.3±0.12c1.33±0.07b0.44±0.06c0.32±0.11c1.79±0.06a
52695-06-7丙位己内酯ND0.18±0.02d0.86±0.07a0.77±0.03b0.71±0.02cND
53104-50-7丙位辛内酯0.29±0.04d0.33±0.04cd0.83±0.12a0.58±0.08b0.49±0.11bc0.10±0.01e
54542-28-9δ-戊内酯NDNDND0.51±0.05NDND
55105-21-5丙位庚内酯NDNDND0.28±0.03NDND
56599-04-2D-(-)-泛酰内酯NDNDNDNDND1.31±0.10
酸类5764-19-7冰醋酸ND0.19±0.03d4.01±0.16b1.17±0.30c3.8±0.10b10.23±0.24a
5879-09-4丙酸NDNDNDND3.62±0.19a0.49±0.02b
59109-52-4正戊酸NDND1.67±0.11aND1.28±0.08a0.16±0.11b
60111-14-8庚酸NDND1.24±0.20aND1.09±0.43aND
61124-07-2辛酸NDND1.67±0.19a1.15±0.63c1.46±0.11bc0.26±0.00d
6257-10-3棕榈酸41.92±13.36aND11.54±0.76b11.65±0.70b10.48±1.69bND
63142-62-1正己酸NDNDND4.16±0.19NDND
64112-05-0正壬酸NDNDNDNDND0.06±0.00
呋喃653777-69-32-戊基呋喃4.36±0.37a2.64±0.27b4.70±0.14a4.25±0.63a3.18±0.57b0.72±0.08c
吡嗪66290-37-9吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.28±0.09
67109-08-02-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND15.61±3.62
68108-50-92,6-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND5.34±0.15
6913925-00-32-乙基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND1.95±0.07
705910-89-42,3-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND1.39±0.06
7113925-03-62-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND2.95±0.17
7215707-23-03-乙基-2-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND4.90±0.20
7313067-27-12,6-二乙基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.36±0.01
7413360-65-12-乙基-3,6-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND5.34±0.26
7513925-07-02-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.96±0.04
761124-11-4川芎嗪NDNDNDNDND0.07±0.00
7718138-05-13,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.55±0.03
7823747-48-05H-5-甲基-6,7-二氢环戊基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.31±0.02
7922047-25-22-乙酰基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND2.36±0.15
8056617-69-72,5-二甲基-3-戊基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.10±0.01
8161892-95-35-甲基-2-吡嗪甲醇NDNDNDNDND0.70±0.06
吡啶82110-86-1吡啶NDNDNDNDND0.13±0.16
吡咯83109-97-7吡咯NDNDNDNDND1.11±0.02
841072-83-92-乙酰吡咯NDNDNDNDND1.77±0.07
851003-29-8吡咯-2-甲醛NDNDNDNDND4.23±0.18
其他8613474-59-4反式-ALPHA-佛手甘油烯NDNDNDNDND0.31±0.04
8760-35-5乙酰胺NDNDNDNDND1.27±0.02
88120-72-9吲哚NDNDNDNDND0.13±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545544586018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同植物油挥发性风味化合物组成和相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风味化合物
种类
风味化合物
编号
CAS风味化合物名称相对含量(%)
大豆油葵花油山茶油棕榈油紫苏油芝麻油
醛类1124-13-0正辛醛1.50±0.55cND7.31±1.58a6.94±0.62a5.36±0.38bND
218829-55-5反-2-庚醛8.70±1.75a6.15±1.06b4.96±0.11b6.46±0.71b4.87±0.49bND
3124-19-6正壬醛3.24±0.91c1.95±0.61cd16.95±0.89a15.98±1.34a12.17±0.33b1.27±0.14d
42548-87-0E-2-辛烯醛ND3.23±0.93NDNDNDND
54313-03-5(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛NDNDNDND13.23±0.51ND
6112-31-2癸醛NDND2.25±0.39a2.23±0.68a1.64±0.09bND
718829-56-6反-2-壬醛2.25±0.55c1.80±0.46c3.80±0.17b6.15±0.13a3.46±0.14bND
83913-81-3反式-2-癸烯醛3.47±1.08b2.91±1.69b10.98±0.66a12.13±0.59a10.62±0.25aND
998-01-1糠醛NDND0.22±0.04bNDND5.01±0.2a
1060784-31-8(Z)-2-壬烯醛NDNDNDNDND0.30±0.02
11620-02-05-甲基-2-糠醛NDNDNDNDND3.88±0.16
125910-87-2反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛NDNDND0.95±0.14aND0.10±0.03b
1325152-83-4反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛5.23±1.37ab6.99±2.73a3.47±0.03b4.52±0.25ab3.41±0.15bND
1425152-84-5反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛17.24±5.09b30.06±4.65a10.42±0.33c13.69±1.36bc9.93±0.36c1.51±0.11d
15120-57-03,4-亚甲二氧基苯甲醛NDNDNDNDND0.05±0.01
1667-47-05-羟甲基糠醛NDNDNDNDND0.1±0.01
酮类17821-55-62-壬酮NDND0.68±0.12NDNDND
18116-09-6羟基丙酮NDNDNDNDND0.09±0.01
191003-04-9四氢噻吩-3-酮NDNDNDNDND0.29±0.02
20497-23-42(5H)-呋喃酮NDNDNDNDND0.42±0.01
2180-71-7甲基环戊烯醇酮NDNDNDNDND0.75±0.05
22498-02-2香草乙酮NDNDNDNDND0.14±0.01
醇类2371-41-0正戊醇5.57±1.39a2.52±0.39b2.07±0.18b2.72±0.44bND0.24±0.01c
24111-27-3正己醇0.50±0.17c0.29±0.07d1.07±0.17a0.86±0.09b0.82±0.02b0.13±0.01d
25111-76-2乙二醇丁醚NDNDNDND0.45±0.00ND
263391-86-41-辛烯-3-醇3.63±0.86a2.76±0.47b1.05±0.11cd1.44±0.1c1.09±0.01cd0.27±0.03d
27111-70-6正庚醇1.04±0.16cND1.75±0.05a1.44±0.15bNDND
28111-87-5正辛醇ND0.48±0.04c2.07±0.15a1.61±0.06b1.49±0.08b0.14±0.01c
29112-53-8月桂醇ND0.36±0.01NDNDNDND
3019132-06-0(S,S)-(+)-2,3-丁二醇NDNDNDNDND0.16±0.01
3198-00-0糠醇NDNDNDNDND6.69±0.24
32118-71-8麦芽醇NDNDNDNDND0.96±0.01
芳香族33611-14-3邻乙基甲苯ND0.12±0.08NDNDNDND
343454-07-71-乙基-4-乙烯基苯0.70±0.16a0.37±0.07bNDNDNDND
3560-12-8苯乙醇0.08±0.02cND0.19±0.03bNDND0.24±0.02a
36100-52-7苯甲醛0.89±0.24b0.88±0.07bNDND2.38±0.15a0.61±0.04c
37529-20-4邻甲基苯甲醛NDND0.49±0.10ab0.57±0.07a0.47±0.02bND
3898-86-2苯乙酮0.09±0.02c0.13±0.01bc0.17±0.02bND0.19±0.03b1.57±0.06a
394748-78-14-乙基苯甲醛0.34±0.01c0.19±0.09d1.14±0.05b1.24±0.02b1.40±0.06a0.04±0.01e
4097-53-0丁香酚ND39.75±4.60NDNDNDND
41108-95-2苯酚NDND0.70±0.06a0.63±0.05ab0.57±0.14b0.27±0.02c
42620-23-5间甲基苯甲醛NDNDNDNDND0.03±0.00
43122-78-12-苯基乙醛NDNDNDNDND0.09±0.01
4490-05-1愈创木酚NDNDNDNDND6.32±0.29
45100-51-6苯甲醇NDNDNDNDND0.25±0.01
467786-61-02-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚NDNDNDNDND1.94±0.10
4791-10-12,6-二甲氧基苯酚NDNDNDNDND0.19±0.02
482628-17-34-乙烯基苯酚NDNDNDNDND0.03±0.00
酯类4976-49-3乙酸龙脑酯NDND3.45±0.87aND1.09±0.26bND
50108-29-2丙位戊内酯NDNDNDND0.16±0.05ND
5196-48-0γ-丁内酯0.41±0.03c0.3±0.12c1.33±0.07b0.44±0.06c0.32±0.11c1.79±0.06a
52695-06-7丙位己内酯ND0.18±0.02d0.86±0.07a0.77±0.03b0.71±0.02cND
53104-50-7丙位辛内酯0.29±0.04d0.33±0.04cd0.83±0.12a0.58±0.08b0.49±0.11bc0.10±0.01e
54542-28-9δ-戊内酯NDNDND0.51±0.05NDND
55105-21-5丙位庚内酯NDNDND0.28±0.03NDND
56599-04-2D-(-)-泛酰内酯NDNDNDNDND1.31±0.10
酸类5764-19-7冰醋酸ND0.19±0.03d4.01±0.16b1.17±0.30c3.8±0.10b10.23±0.24a
5879-09-4丙酸NDNDNDND3.62±0.19a0.49±0.02b
59109-52-4正戊酸NDND1.67±0.11aND1.28±0.08a0.16±0.11b
60111-14-8庚酸NDND1.24±0.20aND1.09±0.43aND
61124-07-2辛酸NDND1.67±0.19a1.15±0.63c1.46±0.11bc0.26±0.00d
6257-10-3棕榈酸41.92±13.36aND11.54±0.76b11.65±0.70b10.48±1.69bND
63142-62-1正己酸NDNDND4.16±0.19NDND
64112-05-0正壬酸NDNDNDNDND0.06±0.00
呋喃653777-69-32-戊基呋喃4.36±0.37a2.64±0.27b4.70±0.14a4.25±0.63a3.18±0.57b0.72±0.08c
吡嗪66290-37-9吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.28±0.09
67109-08-02-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND15.61±3.62
68108-50-92,6-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND5.34±0.15
6913925-00-32-乙基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND1.95±0.07
705910-89-42,3-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND1.39±0.06
7113925-03-62-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND2.95±0.17
7215707-23-03-乙基-2-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND4.90±0.20
7313067-27-12,6-二乙基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.36±0.01
7413360-65-12-乙基-3,6-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND5.34±0.26
7513925-07-02-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.96±0.04
761124-11-4川芎嗪NDNDNDNDND0.07±0.00
7718138-05-13,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.55±0.03
7823747-48-05H-5-甲基-6,7-二氢环戊基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.31±0.02
7922047-25-22-乙酰基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND2.36±0.15
8056617-69-72,5-二甲基-3-戊基吡嗪NDNDNDNDND0.10±0.01
8161892-95-35-甲基-2-吡嗪甲醇NDNDNDNDND0.70±0.06
吡啶82110-86-1吡啶NDNDNDNDND0.13±0.16
吡咯83109-97-7吡咯NDNDNDNDND1.11±0.02
841072-83-92-乙酰吡咯NDNDNDNDND1.77±0.07
851003-29-8吡咯-2-甲醛NDNDNDNDND4.23±0.18
其他8613474-59-4反式-ALPHA-佛手甘油烯NDNDNDNDND0.31±0.04
8760-35-5乙酰胺NDNDNDNDND1.27±0.02
88120-72-9吲哚NDNDNDNDND0.13±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545645249315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Composition and relative content of volatile flavor compounds in grilled grass carp fillets with different vegetable oils

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风味化合物
种类
风味化合物
编号
CAS风味化合物名称相对含量(%)
对照组大豆油组葵花油组山茶油组棕榈油组紫苏油组芝麻油组
醛类118829-55-5反-2-庚醛NDND7.62±1.79aND5.13±1.70bNDND
2124-19-6正壬醛ND21.95±1.3ab23.7±0.16ab25.26±3.11a20.07±0.42b22.88±2.42ab23.62±3.66ab
3124-13-0正辛醛5.59±0.47a4.58±0.07ab5.41±0.79a4.52±1.02ab4.33±0.84ab5.11±1.18a3.18±0.47b
457266-86-12-庚烯醛7.20±0.46a6.17±0.30bND5.08±1.00cND4.58±1.48cND
5112-31-2癸醛1.60±0.32a1.50±0.09aNDND1.63±0.70aND1.64±0.56a
660784-31-8(Z)-2-壬烯醛5.84±0.79ab4.09±0.40bc6.66±1.83a3.72±0.58c4.42±1.20bc3.92±0.81bc3.64±1.36c
73913-81-3反式-2-癸烯醛11.97±1.41a8.03±0.23a12.8±4.47a8.73±0.70a9.34±2.42a7.95±0.51a7.98±0.88a
85910-87-2反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛NDNDNDND1.15±0.21NDND
925152-83-4反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛8.48±1.18a6.19±1.60ab8.66±1.91a5.35±0.82ab7.08±2.85ab6.40±1.70ab4.62±0.72b
1025152-84-5反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛24.28±2.89a15.26±1.19b22.81±4.69ab16.54±3.62ab19.76±6.42ab14.91±1.64b16.04±5.80ab
112765-11-9十五醛NDNDND2.04±0.25aNDND1.26±0.44b
醇类1271-41-0正戊醇2.18±0.66aND2.09±0.5aND1.54±0.48ab1.11±0.18bND
13111-27-3正己醇0.68±0.18a0.81±0.09aND1.06±0.17a0.69±0.14a0.91±0.31a0.93±0.18a
143391-86-41-辛烯-3-醇12.79±3.45a13.97±2.87a9.45±0.72a12.14±2.63a11.56±1.39a12.55±1.38a13.03±2.10a
15111-70-6正庚醇0.88±0.15aNDNDND0.54±0.22a0.84±0.38aND
16111-87-5正辛醇1.46±0.13a1.43±0.10a1.24±0.21a1.35±0.23a1.34±0.24a1.50±0.24a1.77±0.77a
1718409-17-1反-2-辛烯-1-醇3.28±0.83a3.24±0.18aND4.16±1.79a3.13±1.25a4.19±0.11a4.66±0.47a
芳香族18100-42-5苯乙烯NDNDNDNDNDND2.70±0.04
19100-52-7苯甲醛NDNDND5.19±1.78aND5.48±0.12a3.71±0.54b
203454-07-71-乙基-4-乙烯基苯NDND1.73±0.30NDNDNDND
21529-20-4邻甲基苯甲醛0.37±0.03ab0.31±0.04ab0.45±0.16a0.26±0.03b0.29±0.05b0.29±0.07b0.25±0.03b
2298-86-2苯乙酮NDNDNDNDNDND0.89±0.03
234748-78-14-乙基苯甲醛1.36±0.35a0.35±0.12cNDNDND1.11±0.13ab0.98±0.37b
24100-51-6苯甲醇4.14±0.06a2.01±0.01bNDND1.29±0.32cNDND
25128-37-02,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚0.13±0.03aNDNDNDND0.07±0.01bND
26108-95-2苯酚1.06±0.23b0.82±0.20bc2.12±0.07a0.54±0.05d0.61±0.05cd0.67±0.06cdND
2790-05-1愈创木酚NDNDNDNDNDND2.06±0.21
2897-53-0丁香酚2.08±0.14c1.96±0.07c3.23±0.85ab0.79±0.12d2.19±0.6c2.28±0.05bc4.16±0.05a
291450-72-22'-羟基-5'-甲基苯乙酮NDNDNDNDNDND0.14±0.03
酯类30695-06-7丙位己内酯0.90±0.16b0.66±0.06bc1.46±0.15aND0.72±0.19bc0.51±0.18cND
31104-50-7丙位辛内酯0.32±0.06abNDND0.34±0.12ab0.2±0.06b0.27±0.09b0.46±0.15a
32542-28-9δ-戊内酯ND0.29±0.02b0.42±0.00a0.20±0.07cNDNDND
羧酸类33109-52-4正戊酸1.30±0.43aNDNDND1±0.18bNDND
34142-62-1正己酸10.04±0.52a6.36±0.93bcND5.99±0.95c7.80±1.10b5.12±0.35c5.66±1.37c
35124-07-2辛酸2.47±0.26bcND5.34±1.03a1.74±0.77c1.95±0.87bc1.36±0.46c1.54±0.68c
呋喃363777-69-32-戊基呋喃NDND5.94±0.77b1.71±1.59c7.90±1.86a3.75±0.86c3.74±0.20c
吡嗪37109-08-02-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND2.18±0.44
38108-50-92,6-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND0.96±0.36
3913925-03-62-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND0.53±0.31
4017398-16-22-乙基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND0.13±0.04
4113067-27-12,6-二乙基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND2.17±0.22
吡咯421003-29-8吡咯-2-甲醛NDNDNDNDNDND0.16±0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545737524004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

涂刷不同植物油烤制草鱼块挥发性风味化合物组成和相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风味化合物
种类
风味化合物
编号
CAS风味化合物名称相对含量(%)
对照组大豆油组葵花油组山茶油组棕榈油组紫苏油组芝麻油组
醛类118829-55-5反-2-庚醛NDND7.62±1.79aND5.13±1.70bNDND
2124-19-6正壬醛ND21.95±1.3ab23.7±0.16ab25.26±3.11a20.07±0.42b22.88±2.42ab23.62±3.66ab
3124-13-0正辛醛5.59±0.47a4.58±0.07ab5.41±0.79a4.52±1.02ab4.33±0.84ab5.11±1.18a3.18±0.47b
457266-86-12-庚烯醛7.20±0.46a6.17±0.30bND5.08±1.00cND4.58±1.48cND
5112-31-2癸醛1.60±0.32a1.50±0.09aNDND1.63±0.70aND1.64±0.56a
660784-31-8(Z)-2-壬烯醛5.84±0.79ab4.09±0.40bc6.66±1.83a3.72±0.58c4.42±1.20bc3.92±0.81bc3.64±1.36c
73913-81-3反式-2-癸烯醛11.97±1.41a8.03±0.23a12.8±4.47a8.73±0.70a9.34±2.42a7.95±0.51a7.98±0.88a
85910-87-2反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛NDNDNDND1.15±0.21NDND
925152-83-4反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛8.48±1.18a6.19±1.60ab8.66±1.91a5.35±0.82ab7.08±2.85ab6.40±1.70ab4.62±0.72b
1025152-84-5反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛24.28±2.89a15.26±1.19b22.81±4.69ab16.54±3.62ab19.76±6.42ab14.91±1.64b16.04±5.80ab
112765-11-9十五醛NDNDND2.04±0.25aNDND1.26±0.44b
醇类1271-41-0正戊醇2.18±0.66aND2.09±0.5aND1.54±0.48ab1.11±0.18bND
13111-27-3正己醇0.68±0.18a0.81±0.09aND1.06±0.17a0.69±0.14a0.91±0.31a0.93±0.18a
143391-86-41-辛烯-3-醇12.79±3.45a13.97±2.87a9.45±0.72a12.14±2.63a11.56±1.39a12.55±1.38a13.03±2.10a
15111-70-6正庚醇0.88±0.15aNDNDND0.54±0.22a0.84±0.38aND
16111-87-5正辛醇1.46±0.13a1.43±0.10a1.24±0.21a1.35±0.23a1.34±0.24a1.50±0.24a1.77±0.77a
1718409-17-1反-2-辛烯-1-醇3.28±0.83a3.24±0.18aND4.16±1.79a3.13±1.25a4.19±0.11a4.66±0.47a
芳香族18100-42-5苯乙烯NDNDNDNDNDND2.70±0.04
19100-52-7苯甲醛NDNDND5.19±1.78aND5.48±0.12a3.71±0.54b
203454-07-71-乙基-4-乙烯基苯NDND1.73±0.30NDNDNDND
21529-20-4邻甲基苯甲醛0.37±0.03ab0.31±0.04ab0.45±0.16a0.26±0.03b0.29±0.05b0.29±0.07b0.25±0.03b
2298-86-2苯乙酮NDNDNDNDNDND0.89±0.03
234748-78-14-乙基苯甲醛1.36±0.35a0.35±0.12cNDNDND1.11±0.13ab0.98±0.37b
24100-51-6苯甲醇4.14±0.06a2.01±0.01bNDND1.29±0.32cNDND
25128-37-02,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚0.13±0.03aNDNDNDND0.07±0.01bND
26108-95-2苯酚1.06±0.23b0.82±0.20bc2.12±0.07a0.54±0.05d0.61±0.05cd0.67±0.06cdND
2790-05-1愈创木酚NDNDNDNDNDND2.06±0.21
2897-53-0丁香酚2.08±0.14c1.96±0.07c3.23±0.85ab0.79±0.12d2.19±0.6c2.28±0.05bc4.16±0.05a
291450-72-22'-羟基-5'-甲基苯乙酮NDNDNDNDNDND0.14±0.03
酯类30695-06-7丙位己内酯0.90±0.16b0.66±0.06bc1.46±0.15aND0.72±0.19bc0.51±0.18cND
31104-50-7丙位辛内酯0.32±0.06abNDND0.34±0.12ab0.2±0.06b0.27±0.09b0.46±0.15a
32542-28-9δ-戊内酯ND0.29±0.02b0.42±0.00a0.20±0.07cNDNDND
羧酸类33109-52-4正戊酸1.30±0.43aNDNDND1±0.18bNDND
34142-62-1正己酸10.04±0.52a6.36±0.93bcND5.99±0.95c7.80±1.10b5.12±0.35c5.66±1.37c
35124-07-2辛酸2.47±0.26bcND5.34±1.03a1.74±0.77c1.95±0.87bc1.36±0.46c1.54±0.68c
呋喃363777-69-32-戊基呋喃NDND5.94±0.77b1.71±1.59c7.90±1.86a3.75±0.86c3.74±0.20c
吡嗪37109-08-02-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND2.18±0.44
38108-50-92,6-二甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND0.96±0.36
3913925-03-62-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND0.53±0.31
4017398-16-22-乙基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND0.13±0.04
4113067-27-12,6-二乙基吡嗪NDNDNDNDNDND2.17±0.22
吡咯421003-29-8吡咯-2-甲醛NDNDNDNDNDND0.16±0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545829798693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of key flavor compounds in grilled grass carp fillets with different vegetable oils

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风味化合物阈值[36](μg/kg)ROAV
对照组大豆油组葵花油组山茶油组棕榈油组紫苏油组芝麻油组
正辛醛0.5871.061.381.091.261.011.580.91
正壬醛1.1ND3.532.553.752.493.773.61
(Z)-2-壬烯醛0.0232.4836.239.4430.3830.1935.530.65
反式-2-癸烯醛0.34.444.745.054.754.254.84.47
反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛0.1NDNDNDND1.58NDND
反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛0.0423.5727.425.6421.8424.1828.9619.45
反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛0.027100100100100100100100
1-辛烯-3-醇1.50.951.650.751.321.051.521.46
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545909490470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

涂刷不同植物油烤制草鱼块关键风味化合物分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风味化合物阈值[36](μg/kg)ROAV
对照组大豆油组葵花油组山茶油组棕榈油组紫苏油组芝麻油组
正辛醛0.5871.061.381.091.261.011.580.91
正壬醛1.1ND3.532.553.752.493.773.61
(Z)-2-壬烯醛0.0232.4836.239.4430.3830.1935.530.65
反式-2-癸烯醛0.34.444.745.054.754.254.84.47
反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛0.1NDNDNDND1.58NDND
反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛0.0423.5727.425.6421.8424.1828.9619.45
反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛0.027100100100100100100100
1-辛烯-3-醇1.50.951.650.751.321.051.521.46
), ArticleFig(id=1320881545997570855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Fatty acid composition and content in grilled grass carp fillets with different vegetable oils conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸
种类
绝对含量(mg/g)
对照组大豆油组葵花油组山茶油组棕榈油组紫苏油组芝麻油组
C10:0ND0.02±0.00b0.04±0.02b0.03±0.00b0.08±0.06a0.03±0.01b0.03±0.01b
C11:0ND0.01±0.00ab0.02±0.01ab0.01±0.00b0.02±0.00ab0.02±0.00a0.02±0.00ab
C12:00.22±0.11b0.26±0.03ab0.25±0.01ab0.24±0.02b0.38±0.12a0.23±0.02b0.29±0.06ab
C13:00.03±0.01a0.04±0.00a0.04±0.01a0.04±0.00a0.04±0.00a0.03±0.00a0.04±0.00a
C14:08.90±0.33d10.64±0.72bc10.85±1.02abc10.89±0.66abc11.69±0.66ab10.25±0.25c11.85±0.08a
C14:10.35±0.03c0.4±0.10bc0.42±0.08abc0.42±0.01abc0.47±0.04ab0.38±0.05bc0.52±0.02a
C15:01.15±0.04b1.49±0.01a1.47±0.13a1.46±0.09a1.50±0.09a1.42±0.06a1.56±0.03a
C16:0110.61±5.46b132.88±6.91a133.88±5.84a135.38±5.51a140.13±5.29a133.72±2.88a137.17±0.93a
C16:141.57±1.70b49.03±4.32a49.76±5.04a51.20±3.37a50.65±4.11a48.35±3.05a53.46±1.19a
C17:01.08±0.15b1.50±0.28a1.43±0.08a1.52±0.23a1.38±0.06ab1.46±0.13a1.45±0.13a
C18:038.02±14.62a30.44±1.38a31.43±2.37a29.86±0.96a32.53±1.66a30.5±0.19a32.87±2.84a
C18:1n9t23.05±8.74abc28.77±7.78a15.51±1.29bc14.67±5.19c15.30±2.99c23.03±3.12abc25.95±5.20ab
C18:1n9c103.43±23.19ab79.18±19.36b104.68±13.83ab94.59±9.51ab110.20±4.83a101.16±3.47ab95.25±21.98ab
C18:2n6c113.22±7.03d143.58±4.20a143.44±7.62a126.93±4.84c132.79±7.88abc129.03±1.96bc139.63±8.56ab
C18:2n6t0.27±0.00abc0.32±0.11ab0.18±0.02bc0.34±0.02a0.30±0.10abc0.30±0.01abc0.27±0.10abc
C18:3n61.71±0.12b2.62±0.27a2.69±0.33a2.58±0.21a2.35±0.03a2.56±0.15a2.43±0.05a
C18:3n311.71±0.46cd17.36±0.76b14.81±1.87bc14.61±0.44bc15.54±0.85b31.06±3.86a16.06±0.21b
C20:01.35±0.03c1.77±0.04b1.72±0.19b1.70±0.08b1.77±0.14b1.61±0.06b2.05±0.11a
C20:17.33±0.24b8.92±0.61a8.99±0.99a9.15±0.69a8.80±0.97a8.42±0.53ab9.46±0.32a
C20:3n65.64±0.16c7.86±0.24a7.26±0.75ab7.34±0.50ab6.93±0.67b7.08±0.16ab7.33±0.18ab
C20:4n69.11±0.39a11.17±4.74a11.64±1.44a12.46±1.07a10.79±1.83a12.07±0.58a11.67±0.48a
C20:3n30.52±0.15a0.58±0.03a0.61±0.18a0.54±0.03a0.62±0.06a0.52±0.07a0.67±0.03a
C20:5n30.71±0.07b1.05±0.24a1.02±0.25a0.98±0.15ab0.93±0.11ab0.96±0.11ab1.03±0.07a
C22:00.14±0.01c0.28±0.02ab0.34±0.03a0.16±0.02c0.19±0.03c0.20±0.03c0.26±0.05b
C22:1n90.42±0.25a0.53±0.18a0.35±0.04a0.46±0.11a0.36±0.03a0.33±0.08a0.27±0.10a
C22:6n31.82±0.08b3.48±0.96a2.93±0.35b3.03±0.36b2.81±0.66b3.10±0.17b2.95±0.25b
C24:00.01±0.00b0.03±0.01aNDNDNDNDND
SFA161.51±8.87b179.35±8.62a181.36±9.57a181.29±7.34a189.72±7.44a179.46±2.89a186±0.24a
MUFA176.15±33.79a166.83±30.7ab179.72±19.32a170.50±10.17a185.77±7.65a181.67±2.04a184.91±17.40a
PUFA144.63±7.66b188.02±3.57a184.52±11.77a168.80±7.12b173.07±10.30a186.68±6.04a182.04±8.12ab
TFA482.29±33.73a534.2±36.43a545.59±35.1a520.59±23.87a548.55±24.51a547.81±1.66a508.72±60.63a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881546089845544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881213930328255, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

涂刷不同植物油烤制草鱼块脂肪酸组成和含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸
种类
绝对含量(mg/g)
对照组大豆油组葵花油组山茶油组棕榈油组紫苏油组芝麻油组
C10:0ND0.02±0.00b0.04±0.02b0.03±0.00b0.08±0.06a0.03±0.01b0.03±0.01b
C11:0ND0.01±0.00ab0.02±0.01ab0.01±0.00b0.02±0.00ab0.02±0.00a0.02±0.00ab
C12:00.22±0.11b0.26±0.03ab0.25±0.01ab0.24±0.02b0.38±0.12a0.23±0.02b0.29±0.06ab
C13:00.03±0.01a0.04±0.00a0.04±0.01a0.04±0.00a0.04±0.00a0.03±0.00a0.04±0.00a
C14:08.90±0.33d10.64±0.72bc10.85±1.02abc10.89±0.66abc11.69±0.66ab10.25±0.25c11.85±0.08a
C14:10.35±0.03c0.4±0.10bc0.42±0.08abc0.42±0.01abc0.47±0.04ab0.38±0.05bc0.52±0.02a
C15:01.15±0.04b1.49±0.01a1.47±0.13a1.46±0.09a1.50±0.09a1.42±0.06a1.56±0.03a
C16:0110.61±5.46b132.88±6.91a133.88±5.84a135.38±5.51a140.13±5.29a133.72±2.88a137.17±0.93a
C16:141.57±1.70b49.03±4.32a49.76±5.04a51.20±3.37a50.65±4.11a48.35±3.05a53.46±1.19a
C17:01.08±0.15b1.50±0.28a1.43±0.08a1.52±0.23a1.38±0.06ab1.46±0.13a1.45±0.13a
C18:038.02±14.62a30.44±1.38a31.43±2.37a29.86±0.96a32.53±1.66a30.5±0.19a32.87±2.84a
C18:1n9t23.05±8.74abc28.77±7.78a15.51±1.29bc14.67±5.19c15.30±2.99c23.03±3.12abc25.95±5.20ab
C18:1n9c103.43±23.19ab79.18±19.36b104.68±13.83ab94.59±9.51ab110.20±4.83a101.16±3.47ab95.25±21.98ab
C18:2n6c113.22±7.03d143.58±4.20a143.44±7.62a126.93±4.84c132.79±7.88abc129.03±1.96bc139.63±8.56ab
C18:2n6t0.27±0.00abc0.32±0.11ab0.18±0.02bc0.34±0.02a0.30±0.10abc0.30±0.01abc0.27±0.10abc
C18:3n61.71±0.12b2.62±0.27a2.69±0.33a2.58±0.21a2.35±0.03a2.56±0.15a2.43±0.05a
C18:3n311.71±0.46cd17.36±0.76b14.81±1.87bc14.61±0.44bc15.54±0.85b31.06±3.86a16.06±0.21b
C20:01.35±0.03c1.77±0.04b1.72±0.19b1.70±0.08b1.77±0.14b1.61±0.06b2.05±0.11a
C20:17.33±0.24b8.92±0.61a8.99±0.99a9.15±0.69a8.80±0.97a8.42±0.53ab9.46±0.32a
C20:3n65.64±0.16c7.86±0.24a7.26±0.75ab7.34±0.50ab6.93±0.67b7.08±0.16ab7.33±0.18ab
C20:4n69.11±0.39a11.17±4.74a11.64±1.44a12.46±1.07a10.79±1.83a12.07±0.58a11.67±0.48a
C20:3n30.52±0.15a0.58±0.03a0.61±0.18a0.54±0.03a0.62±0.06a0.52±0.07a0.67±0.03a
C20:5n30.71±0.07b1.05±0.24a1.02±0.25a0.98±0.15ab0.93±0.11ab0.96±0.11ab1.03±0.07a
C22:00.14±0.01c0.28±0.02ab0.34±0.03a0.16±0.02c0.19±0.03c0.20±0.03c0.26±0.05b
C22:1n90.42±0.25a0.53±0.18a0.35±0.04a0.46±0.11a0.36±0.03a0.33±0.08a0.27±0.10a
C22:6n31.82±0.08b3.48±0.96a2.93±0.35b3.03±0.36b2.81±0.66b3.10±0.17b2.95±0.25b
C24:00.01±0.00b0.03±0.01aNDNDNDNDND
SFA161.51±8.87b179.35±8.62a181.36±9.57a181.29±7.34a189.72±7.44a179.46±2.89a186±0.24a
MUFA176.15±33.79a166.83±30.7ab179.72±19.32a170.50±10.17a185.77±7.65a181.67±2.04a184.91±17.40a
PUFA144.63±7.66b188.02±3.57a184.52±11.77a168.80±7.12b173.07±10.30a186.68±6.04a182.04±8.12ab
TFA482.29±33.73a534.2±36.43a545.59±35.1a520.59±23.87a548.55±24.51a547.81±1.66a508.72±60.63a
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不同植物油对烤制草鱼块鱼肉品质及风味特征的影响
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李金林 1 , 黄双双 1 , 沈祺昌 1 , 金玉颜 1 , 徐钧洪 1 , 彭斌 1 , 胡明明 1 , 钟比真 1 , 涂宗财 1, 2 , 余诚玮 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(17): 82-93
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (17) : 82 -93
不同植物油对烤制草鱼块鱼肉品质及风味特征的影响
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李金林1 , 黄双双1, 沈祺昌1, 金玉颜1, 徐钧洪1, 彭斌1, 胡明明1, 钟比真1, 涂宗财1, 2, 余诚玮1, *
作者信息
  • 1江西师范大学生命科学学院国家淡水鱼加工技术研发专业中心,江西南昌 330022
  • 2南昌大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室,江西南昌 330047
通讯作者:
余诚玮(1994−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:水产品精深加工和高值化综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李金林(1983−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产加工与风味化学,E-mail:

Effects of Different Vegetable Oils on the Quality and Flavor Characteristics of Roasted Grass Carp Fillets
Jinlin LI1 , Shuangshuang HUANG1, Qichang SHEN1, Yuyan JIN1, Junhong XU1, Bin PENG1, Mingming HU1, Bizhen ZHONG1, Zongcai TU1, 2, Chengwei YU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1National R & D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070332
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本文以草鱼块为对象,使用六种不同食用植物油(大豆油、葵花油、山茶油、棕榈油、紫苏油、芝麻油)涂刷草鱼块,探究烤制后对其色度、质构、感官特性、挥发性风味化合物及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,涂刷植物油显著改善了烤制鱼肉的总体可接受度。经检测,不同烤制组的草鱼块中共检测出挥发性风味化合物42种,其中关键挥发性风味化合物8种,主要是醛类物质,包含(Z)-2-壬烯醛、反式-2-癸烯醛、反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛和反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛等。涂刷芝麻油烤制时,其特征吡嗪类物质赋予产品浓郁烘烤香,综合感官评分最高,关键挥发性风味化合物的种类最多,而葵花油对鱼肉本味影响最小,能够更好保持鱼肉的原本风味。相关性分析表明正壬醛作为共性风味物质与多种PUFA(C18:3n6、C20:3n6和C22:6n3)和SFA(C11:0、C14:0、C15:0和C20:0)呈正相关,2-庚烯醛和苯甲醇则与(C11:0、C14:0、C15:0和C20:0)呈负相关,揭示了鱼块中几种关键性风味物质与脂肪酸间的关系。本研究的结果能够为优化烤制鱼肉制品的风味品质提供科学选油依据与理论指导。

草鱼  /  烤制  /  植物油  /  鱼肉品质  /  挥发性风味化合物

To investigate the effects of six different edible oils (soybean oil, sunflower oil, camellia oil, palm oil, perilla oil, and sesame oil) applied by brushing onto grass carp pieces, this study evaluated their color, texture, sensory characteristics, volatile flavor compounds, and fatty acid composition after baking. The results showed that brushing with vegetable oils significantly improved the overall acceptability of the baked fish. A total of 42 volatile flavor compounds were detected, with 8 identified as key compounds, primarily aldehydes such as (Z)-2-nonenal, trans-2-decenal, trans,cis-2,4-decadienal, and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal. The sesame oil treatment imparted a rich roasted aroma due to its characteristic pyrazines, achieving the highest overall sensory score and the greatest variety of key volatile flavor compounds. In contrast, sunflower oil had the least impact on the inherent flavor of the fish, better preserving its original taste. Correlation analysis revealed that nonanal, a common flavor compound, was positively correlated with multiple PUFAs (C18:3n6, C20:3n6, C22:6n3) and SFAs (C11:0, C14:0, C15:0, C20:0), whereas 2-heptenal and benzyl alcohol exhibited negative correlations with the same set of SFAs (C11:0, C14:0, C15:0, C20:0). This elucidates the relationships between several key flavor substances and specific fatty acids in the fish fillets. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for optimizing the flavor quality of grilled fish products through targeted oil selection.

grass carp  /  baked  /  vegetable oil  /  fish quality  /  volatile flavor compounds
李金林, 黄双双, 沈祺昌, 金玉颜, 徐钧洪, 彭斌, 胡明明, 钟比真, 涂宗财, 余诚玮. 不同植物油对烤制草鱼块鱼肉品质及风味特征的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 82 -93 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070332
Jinlin LI, Shuangshuang HUANG, Qichang SHEN, Yuyan JIN, Junhong XU, Bin PENG, Mingming HU, Bizhen ZHONG, Zongcai TU, Chengwei YU. Effects of Different Vegetable Oils on the Quality and Flavor Characteristics of Roasted Grass Carp Fillets[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 82 -93 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070332
草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)是我国产量最高的淡水鱼类,据中国渔业统计年鉴显示,其年产量超590万吨[1],具有重要的经济价值和广泛的消费基础。在营养价值方面,草鱼肉富含蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸,以及多种微量元素和维生素[2]。为开发出风味多样、口感及营养品质俱佳的鱼肉制品,需要对鱼肉进行加工处理。在众多加工方式中,热加工因其能显著改变产品风味和质构特性而成为最常用的方法。
目前鱼肉制品的热加工方式主要包括蒸、煮、烤制和油炸等。由于不同的热加工方式在传热介质上存在差异,导致加工后的鱼肉在营养价值、理化性质和风味特性等方面产生显著差异[3−4]。蒸煮能最大限度地保留鱼肉的鲜味,减少营养成分的损失[5],油炸能赋予产品酥脆口感,其中美拉德反应和脂质氧化作用赋予鱼肉浓郁油炸风味和金黄色泽[6],而烤制过程中发生的美拉德反应、脂质氧化及Strecker降解等复杂反应能产生新的风味化合物,赋予鱼肉独特的焦糖化风味和坚果香气。同时烤制处理能改善鱼肉的脂肪酸比例,使其更符合人体营养需求,且烤制鱼肉具有硬度大、咀嚼性大等特点,丰富了鱼肉的食用口感[5]。近年来,烤制草鱼制品因其独特的风味和口感,深受消费者喜爱,市场需求日益增长。因此,优化烤制工艺以提升其风味品质和营养价值具有重要意义。
植物油作为我国居民膳食的重要组成部分,主要是通过压榨、浸出或精炼等工艺从油料作物中提取[7]。不仅是人体所需能量的重要来源,还富含不饱和脂肪酸、维生素E及甾醇等,极具营养价值[8]。同时,植物油在烹饪中能显著改善食物色泽、增添独特风味与香气[9]。目前市售的植物油繁多,棕榈油饱和脂肪酸含量高,可以称作饱和脂肪酸类植物油[8],是少数在常温下呈固体的植物油,且棕榈油颜色较浅、气味较淡,被广泛应用于工业生产油炸食品中;大豆油含有丰富的亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸等多种脂肪酸,是人体不饱和脂肪酸的重要来源[10];葵花油是高亚油酸、低亚麻酸的食用油,同时还含有丰富的甾醇类物质[8,11]。山茶油含有极其丰富的单不饱和脂肪酸,主要以油酸为主,是典型的高油酸类植物油[12];紫苏油中的α-亚麻酸含量最高[13],是良好的多不饱和脂肪酸的来源;芝麻油中的多不饱和脂肪酸的含量达80%以上[14],同时由于其具有独特的香味而受到消费者的广泛喜爱。综合以上,本研究根据不同植物油的脂肪酸组成特征、风味特性及实际生产加工应用,选用了棕榈油、大豆油、葵花油、山茶油、紫苏油、芝麻油用于探究他们对草鱼块鱼肉品质及特征性风味的影响。
本研究以草鱼块(3×3×2 cm3)为实验对象,使用六种不同食用植物油(大豆油、葵花油、山茶油、棕榈油、紫苏油、芝麻油)涂刷草鱼块,探究烤制后对其色度、质构、感官特性、挥发性风味化合物及脂肪酸组成的影响,并进而通过挥发性风味化合物与脂肪酸组成的相关性分析,阐明不同脂肪酸组成特点的植物油对挥发性风味化合物形成的影响,旨在为今后工业化生产高品质、风味独特的烤制即食草鱼块提供科学选油依据与理论指导。
鲜活草鱼(质量1.5~2 kg/条) 江西省南昌市百家惠超市;食用大豆油、葵花油、山茶油、棕榈油、紫苏油、芝麻油 京东超市;正己烷、甲醇(色谱级) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;氢氧化钠(分析纯) 广东西陇化工有限公司;23种正构烷烃混标(C8~C40) 色谱级,上海安谱璀世标准技术服务有限公司。
S220烤箱 上海喆研机械制造有限公司;CR-10色度仪 中国柯尼卡美能达精密光学上海有限公司;TA-TX plus质构分析仪 英国Stable Micro System公司;8890GC-5977B气相色谱-质谱联用仪 美国Agilent公司;50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头 美国Supelco公司。
鲜活草鱼宰杀后取鱼背肉去除鱼皮并将其分切为3 cm×3 cm×2 cm的鱼块。鱼块随机分为7组,取1组草鱼块不涂刷任何油脂,作为烤制对照组,其余6组草鱼块分别均匀涂刷大豆油、葵花油、山茶油、棕榈油、紫苏油、芝麻油各0.6 g(刷油量2.5%)。所有样品均使用单层锡纸包裹,随后置于210 ℃电烤箱中央烤制20 min。待烤制结束后,立即取出样品,拆除锡纸,自然冷却后待测。
参考GB/T 16291.1-2012《感官分析选拔、培训与管理评价员一般导则》对20名感官评价候选人进行培训。待培训工作结束后,挑选10名表现优异人员(5名男士、5名女士,年龄范围为20~30岁)作为感官评价正式人员。在评价过程中,评定员需要对鱼块的外观形态、色泽、气味、组织状态、可接受度进行评分。为保证同一指标下每条评定标准所对应的分值均匀分布,将所有指标评分范围设定为0~10,具体评分细则如表1所示[15]。为消除样品之间的相互影响,感官评定员在评价每个样品前需用清水漱口,评价过程中各成员之间不互相交流。
使用CR-10型色度仪测定鱼块表面色泽。测定样品之前,使用标准白板对设备进行校准,将光斑和镜口垂直对准并紧贴草鱼块表面中心位置,记L*、a*、b*值。其中L*、a*、b*分别代表鱼块表面亮度、红度和黄度。
使用TA.XT Plus物性测试仪测定草鱼块的质构。将样品裁剪成1 cm×1 cm×1 cm的均匀块状,选择全质构(TPA)模式,测试探头P/36,每个样品进行两次轴向压缩,压缩时间间隔5 s,压缩比为50%,测试前速度1 mm/s,测试中速度1 mm/s,测试后速度1 mm/s[16]。
参照GB 5009.229-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中酸价的测定》。
参照GB 5009.227-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中过氧化值的测定》。
参考崔宁等[17]的方法,使用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定鱼块中的挥发性风味化合物,具体方法:将鱼肉粉碎后,取3 g样品于顶空瓶中,加入3 mL饱和NaCl溶液。将样品置于55 ℃水浴环境中保温30 min。随后插入萃取纤维吸附挥发性风味化合物30 min,待吸附结束后取出纤维,插入进样口解吸10 min。
参照课题组方法[18]。GC条件:色谱柱:Agilent DB-WAX(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 µm); 升温程序:40 ℃保持3 min, 以5 ℃/min 升至240 ℃,保持15 min;进样口温度:250 ℃;载气:He(99.99%);流速1 mL/min; 不分流模式。
MS条件:EI电离源;电离电压:70 eV,离子源温度230 ℃;四极杆温度150 ℃;质谱扫描范围:35~500 m/z。
通过NIST20谱库检索,保留匹配度大于等于800的化合物,并通过计算保留指数(retention index,RI)对各挥发性风味化合物进行定性;各挥发性风味化合物所得峰面积与总峰面积之比记作其相对含量。
$\rm RI=100\times \left[n+\frac{lg{t}_{i}-lg{t}_{n}}{lg{t}_{n+1}-lg{t}_{n}}\right] $
式中:RI为保留指数;ti为各挥发性风味化合物的保留时间;tn和tn+1分别为碳原子数n和n+1对应正构烷烃的保留时间[19]。
参照王琳琳等[20]的方法计算各挥发性风味化合物的相对气味活度值(ROAV)。将对样品风味贡献最大的物质的ROAV定为100。再通过下式计算其他挥发性风味化合物的ROAV。
$\rm ROAV=100\times \frac{C\text{%} }{{C\text{%} }_{stan}}\times \frac{{T}_{stan}}{T} $
式中:C%为样品某一挥发性风味化合物的相对含量(%);C%stan为样品所有挥发性风味化合物中贡献最大的物质的相对含量(%);T为样品某一挥发性风味化合物的感觉阈值(mg/L);Tstan为样品所有挥发性风味化合物中贡献最大的物质的感觉阈值(mg/L)。
参照GB 5009.168-2016《食品中脂肪酸的测定》第一法测定。
采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对实验数据进行单因素ANOVA分析,P<0.05表示差异显著。Origin 2024软件绘制折线图、柱状图,Chiplot软件绘制热图。所有实验均包含3次平行,结果采用平均值±标准偏差表示。
对照组和涂刷6种植物油的烤制草鱼肉感官评价如图1所示。涂刷植物油烤鱼块的总体可接受度明显高于对照组烤鱼块,这可能是因为涂刷油烤鱼的鱼肉香味和脂肪香味掩盖了鱼的腥味[21]。这与Wei等[22]的研究一致,大黄鱼经过烤制后,可以赋予鱼肉脂肪香味,同时减弱鱼腥味。芝麻油组的总体可接受度高于其他5组样品,其原因可能是芝麻油具有浓郁的坚果香和焦糖化香气受人们喜爱[14]。芝麻油对样品的气味影响最大,而在外观形态、色泽、组织状态等方面各组无明显区别。综上所述,涂刷芝麻油组感官评分最高。
色泽是烤鱼肉的重要理化指标之一。L*、a*、b*分别代表鱼块表面的亮度、红绿度和黄蓝度。L*值越大,亮度越大;a*>0时颜色倾向红色,a*<0颜色倾向绿色;b*>0时颜色倾向黄色,b*<0时颜色倾向蓝色。涂刷不同植物油条件下,烤制草鱼肉的L*、a*、b*值如表2所示。涂刷大豆油、葵花油、山茶油、紫苏油和芝麻油组的L*值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其原因可能是鱼肉表面残留有油,增大了对光的反射能力,使得鱼肉的亮度增大。棕榈油组因其颜色较浅,对鱼肉亮度的影响较小。不同处理组间的a*值存在显著差异(P<0.05)。对照组与芝麻油组的a*值为正且最高,表明其色泽偏红。这可能与芝麻油中富含芝麻酚等强效天然抗氧化成分,能够有效抑制烤制过程中高铁肌红蛋白的生成,从而更好地保持了肉质的鲜红色泽[23]。大豆油组和山茶油组的a*值呈现负值,表明其色泽略微偏绿。此现象主要可归因于所涂刷植物油自身的色泽属性。研究表明,未精炼或初榨的大豆油和山茶油中通常含有“微量叶绿素”等天然绿色色素[24]。在烤制加热过程中,这些脂溶性色素可能部分降解但仍能保持绿色特征,并可附着于鱼肉蛋白表面,从而对产品的整体色泽构成贡献,导致色度仪检测到绿色调的增加(即a*值降低)。b*值在不同组别间也表现出显著差异(P<0.05)。大豆油组和山茶油组的b*值显著低于其他组(P<0.05),表明其黄色调较弱。其原因可能是其固有的绿色调(a*<0)在色彩视觉上可能对黄色调产生一定的中和作用。
综上所述,涂刷芝麻油对于烤制草鱼块色度的影响较小,而涂刷大豆油和山茶油对烤制草鱼块色度的影响较大。
质构是烤鱼肉的一项重要理化指标,在一定程度上影响食品的品质。涂刷不同植物油条件下,烤制草鱼肉的硬度、咀嚼性、弹性、内聚性和胶着性如表3所示。与对照组相比,芝麻油组的硬度值最高,而其他实验组与对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),这可能与芝麻油中富含芝麻酚等强效天然抗氧化成分,在烤制过程中能够有效抑制脂质过氧化和蛋白质氧化降解,使蛋白质氧化调控在一个适宜的水平,更好的保持蛋白网络的完整性,减少了过度氧化导致的组织软化,从而形成较高的硬度[23]。棕榈油组的咀嚼性最高,且显著高于紫苏油组(P<0.05)。胶着性的变化与咀嚼性类似,这可能是由于棕榈油的饱和脂肪酸含量高使其在高温下具有更好的氧化稳定性,在肉制品的应用中,会增强脂肪的分散性并形成更好的质地,从而提升产品的胶着性[25]。棕榈油组胶着性显著高于大豆油组、葵花油组和紫苏油组(P<0.05)。所有实验组之间的弹性均无显著差异(P>0.05),说明植物油种类并未对鱼肉的弹性产生影响。对照组内聚性显著高于大豆油组和芝麻油组(P<0.05)。
综上所述,涂刷植物油对烤鱼质构的影响因油品种类而异。芝麻油在保持鱼肉硬度方面表现突出,而棕榈油则在维持咀嚼性和胶着性方面效果较好。
酸价是衡量鱼肉制品中游离脂肪酸含量的指标,反映脂肪水解程度。由图2可知,涂刷不同植物油处理组烤制后的酸价显著上升(P<0.05),远高于对照组,这是由于脂肪在高温作用下会水解成为游离脂肪酸,刷油处理组增加了样品中会发生反应的脂肪总量。其中,山茶油组的酸价显著高于其他组(P<0.05),这可能与山茶油本身的特质及加热过程密切相关,山茶油的活性成分皂苷,在高温烤制过程中,可能起到天然乳化剂的作用,加剧了油脂与鱼肉中水分的相互作用,从而显著加速了甘油三酯的水解反应,生成更多的游离脂肪酸[26]。使得山茶油组烤制后酸价显著高于其他处理组。
过氧化值表示食品中油脂和脂肪酸等被氧化的程度,其主要反映氢过氧化物的含量[27]。由图2可知,紫苏油组的过氧化值显著高于其他组(P<0.05),可能是由于其不饱和脂肪酸含量高。紫苏油的α-亚麻酸含量可达50%以上,α-亚麻酸分子含有三个不饱和双键,在高温烤制过程中,极易发生氧化,生成大量的氢过氧化物[28]。
根据GB 2716-2018《食品安全国家标准 植物油》可知,本实验中所有组别的酸价和过氧化值均符合国标的规定,不会存在油脂过度氧化的健康隐患。
风味特征是评价产品品质及其对消费者吸引力的重要指标。采用HS-SPME-GC-MS对植物油原油和烤制草鱼块的挥发性风味化合物进行分析,结果如表4、表5所示。表4显示,植物油原油共检测到88种挥发性风味化合物,其中包括醛类16种、酮类6种、醇类10种、芳香族化合物16种、酯类8种、酸类8种、呋喃1种、吡嗪16种、吡啶1种、吡咯3种以及其他物质3种。各组所含有的挥发性风味化合物在种类和含量上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。芝麻油挥发性风味化合物种类最为丰富(64种),主要包括吡嗪类、芳香族化合物、醛类和醇类,分别占总含量的25.00%、18.75%、12.50%和10.94%(图3)。
表5显示,不同处理组共检测到42种挥发性风味化合物,其中包括醛类11种、醇类6种、芳香族化合物12种、酯类3种、酸类3种、呋喃1种、吡嗪5种、吡咯1种。各组所含有的挥发性风味化合物在种类和含量上存在显著差异(P<0.05,图4)。烤制草鱼块的主要挥发性风味化合物为醛类、芳香族化合物和醇类。张艳等[29]在研究即食烤鱼挥发性风味化合物差异中检测到醇类和醛类为主要的挥发性风味化合物,与本研究有相似结果。各处理组中共检测出9种共有成分,以及数量各不相同的特有成分。其中葵花油组所含独特挥发性风味化合物种类最少,芝麻油组最多,这些物质多为芳香族化合物和吡嗪类化合物,由表5可知,这可能与原油中挥发性风味化合物的组成和含量有关。由于挥发性风味化合物大多通过脂肪酸的氧化降解生成,所以食用油种类不同,所含脂肪酸种类、含量和加工过程中氧化程度不同,导致涂刷不同植物油条件下烤制草鱼块挥发性风味化合物的比例存在较大差别。
醛类物质主要来源于不饱和脂肪酸的氧化[17],由于醛类物质的气味阈值偏低,对烤制鱼块的气味有较为主要的作用,是烤制食品的重要挥发性风味化合物。各处理组中均检测出了正辛醛、(Z)-2-壬烯醛、反式-2-癸烯醛、反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛和反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛。正壬醛具有独特的油香,是油炸食品中常见的香味物质,除对照组外,其余各组均检出了正壬醛,这说明涂刷油烤鱼可以为鱼肉提供独特的脂肪香气。醇类物质主要来自于脂肪氧化分解和羰基化合物的还原[30],影响鱼块风味的主要为阈值低的不饱和脂肪醇[29]。各处理组中都检出了1-辛烯-3-醇和正辛醇,其中1-辛烯-3-醇主要来自于十八碳二烯酸的氧化降解[31],具有典型的干草香气。对照组与各实验组的醇类物质无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明涂刷油对烤鱼块产生醇类物质无明显影响。
含氮化合物(如呋喃、吡嗪)是油炸烤制食品中另一典型的挥发性风味化合物,主要通过氨基酸降解、羰氨反应及二者的交互作用产生形成[32]。由表5可知,除了对照组和大豆油组,其他五组都含有2-戊基呋喃。2-戊基呋喃可以通过亚麻酸的氧化、Amadori重排以及葡萄糖分解产生[33],能赋予食物浓郁的黄油香味、焦糖味。芝麻油组含有独特的吡嗪类物质,因其阈值较低而使食物带有烘烤香味和坚果香味。同时,涂刷不同植物油烤制条件下还检测到芳香族化合物、羧酸类和酯类化合物,这些物质对于改善鱼肉风味也有一定作用。
综上所述,涂刷不同植物油烤制草鱼块的主要挥发性风味化合物为醛类、醇类和芳香族化合物。
挥发性风味化合物对样品整体的风味贡献不仅与物质的相对含量和浓度有关,还与该物质的气味阈值有关[34]。相对气味活度值(ROAV)可以表示挥发性风味化合物对样品整体风味的贡献度,一般认为,对样品整体风味具有重要作用的关键性风味化合物的ROAV≥1[35],且ROAV与其贡献度成正比。通过查找相关文献[36],确定各挥发性风味化合物气味阈值,并计算获得其ROAV,分析各样品中关键性风味化合物。表6展示了ROAV≥1的所有关键挥发性风味化合物。
由表6可知,所有处理组中共鉴定出8种关键风味化合物,主要是醛类。各组均将反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛的ROAV定为100,棕榈油组正壬醛的贡献度较其余处理组低,且反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛为其特有的关键挥发性风味化合物。大豆油组和紫苏油组中反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛的贡献度较其余处理组高。葵花油组中1-辛烯-3-醇、芝麻油组中正辛醛并不能作为关键挥发性风味化合物,这与其余处理组不同。山茶油组、紫苏油组和芝麻油组的关键挥发性风味化合物种类和含量类似。其中正壬醛、(Z)-2-壬烯醛、反式-2-癸烯醛、反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛和反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛为6种处理组样品所共有的关键挥发性风味化合物。因此,涂刷不同植物油烤制草鱼肉的关键挥发性风味化合物多于对照组,且这些物质大多为醛类物质,为烤制鱼肉提供了特殊的油脂香味。
综上所述,烤制草鱼块的关键风味化合物主要由醛类物质构成,但其具体组成因所用植物油的不同而有所差异。
脂肪酸是脂质的组成成分和风味前体物质。如表7所示,共检测出了12种饱和脂肪酸、6种单不饱和脂肪酸和9种多不饱和脂肪酸。由表7可知,刷油和不刷油烤制后,各刷油组总脂肪酸含量比不刷油组增大,这是由于涂刷的植物油中的脂肪酸吸附于鱼肉表面或者渗入鱼肉中造成[37]。其中,大豆油组和葵花油组中亚油酸(C18:2n6c)含量高于其他各处理组,这虽然增加了PUFA的总量,但主要是ω-6 PUFA。在现代饮食中ω-6脂肪酸往往已过量的背景下,此举对产品营养价值的提升有限,甚至可能加剧体内的ω-6/ω-3不平衡。同时,引入的大量PUFA也使其面临氧化风险。山茶油组和棕榈油组的处理提升了鱼块的MUFA含量,主要是油酸(C18:1n9c),这是由于其原料油中的油酸(C18:1n9c)含量高。此外,棕榈油因其本身含有较多的月桂酸(C12:0)和肉豆蔻酸(C14:0),导致其烤制后的鱼块中这些饱和脂肪酸的含量有所增加。从健康角度看,高MUFA的脂质构成对心血管健康有益。同时这种以MUFA和稳定SFA为主导的脂肪酸谱,使得这两组产品在烤制后具有先天的氧化稳定性优势,对应其较低的过氧化值,有利于延长货架期。紫苏油组中α-亚麻酸(C18:3n3)含量高达31.06 mg/g,显著高于其他组别(P<0.05),这主要是因为紫苏油中亚麻酸含量高,经烤制后,亚麻酸仍未完全损失,可作为n-3系列脂肪酸的优质来源,能显著增强产品的营养价值。但是其大量引入的多个不饱和双键在加热过程中极易发生氧化,这不仅可能产生不良风味,更会缩短产品货架期。芝麻油组的脂肪酸组成较为均衡,更符合《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》建议食用的脂肪酸比例模式为SFA与MUFA、PUFA比例为1:1:1[38]。同时芝麻油中的芝麻酚等天然抗氧化成分也能够有效抑制氧化,延长货架期。
相关性分析是对两个或多个变量的研究,目的是测量两个变量之间的相关性。因此,本实验用相关性分析研究不同植物油烤制后鱼肉的风味物质与其脂肪酸组成之间的关系。该分析旨在揭示,在经历了与特定油脂的共同烤制过程后,最终鱼肉样品的脂肪酸与风味物质之间的相关性。图5结果表明,特定脂肪酸对醛类、醇类、呋喃类风味物质有显著相关性(P<0.05)。正壬醛与C11:0、C14:0、C15:0、C20:0、C20:1、C18:3n6、C20:3n6和C22:6n3呈现正相关,表明这些脂肪酸的氧化裂解是其主要来源。与之相反,2-庚烯醛和苯甲醇与C11:0、C14:0、C15:0和C20:0等呈负相关,与C16:1和C18:2n6t呈正相关,暗示刷油处理可能改变了鱼肉内部的脂质氧化路径,抑制了这些物质的生成。因此,刷油烤制后2-庚烯醛和苯甲醇的含量与对照组相比下降。
大豆油组中,正壬醛与C18:3n6和C20:3n6等PUFA呈正相关趋势。这与大豆油组富含PUFA的特征相符,提示其丰富的PUFA在热加工下发生氧化裂解,是构成该组烤制鱼肉风味基调的重要原因。葵花油组中,其特有的风味物质1-乙基-4-乙烯基苯与C22:0呈显著正相关(P<0.05),表明C22:0可能参与了美拉德反应,是1-乙基-4-乙烯基苯的前体物质。山茶油组中,正壬醛的含量最高,其与多种PUFA呈正相关,表明其是脂质氧化的共性产物。2-戊基呋喃通常认为是由亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸氧化生成,而在棕榈油组中,其2-戊基呋喃含量显著高于其他处理组(表5)(P<0.05),且与C16:0呈现显著正相关(P<0.05)。这一关联为饱和脂肪酸在风味形成的间接作用中提供了新的线索。值得注意的是,芝麻油组中,其所特有的愈创木酚、吡嗪及吡咯类化合物与C14:1和C20:0呈正相关,表明C14:1和C20:0可能是这些特征香气物质形成的重要前体物。紫苏油组中,苯甲醛与C18:3n3呈正相关,结合表5对照组未检测到苯甲醛,紫苏油组检测到苯甲醛,表明C18:3n3是其前体之一。
综上所述,本研究通过相关性分析揭示了不同植物油烤制后鱼肉的风味物质与其脂肪酸组成的关联性,能够为食品加工中通过选用特定油脂来预测和定向塑造产品风味提供了科学策略。
本研究通过系统探究不同植物油对烤制草鱼块品质特性的影响,结果表明植物油的种类能够显著影响烤制草鱼块的鱼肉品质及风味特征。GC-MS鉴定出42 种挥发性化合物,其中关键风味化合物有8 种,包含(Z)-2-壬烯醛、反式-2-癸烯醛、反,顺-2,4-癸二烯醛和反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛等。芝麻油因其独特的挥发性风味成分(如吡嗪类物质)和抗氧化性,能显著提升产品的感官接受度与色泽稳定性;而葵花油对鱼肉本味影响最小,能够更好保持鱼肉的原本风味。除此之外,相关性分析表明正壬醛作为共性风味物质与多种PUFA(C18:3n6、C20:3n6和C22:6n3)和SFA(C11:0、C14:0、C15:0和C20:0)呈正相关,而2-庚烯醛和苯甲醇则与(C11:0、C14:0、C15:0和C20:0)呈负相关,揭示了鱼块中几种关键性风味物质与脂肪酸间的关系。本研究的结果能够为优化烤制鱼肉制品的风味品质提供科学选油依据与理论指导。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070332
  • 接收时间:2025-07-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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    1江西师范大学生命科学学院国家淡水鱼加工技术研发专业中心,江西南昌 330022
    2南昌大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室,江西南昌 330047

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余诚玮(1994−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:水产品精深加工和高值化综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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