Article(id=1320881204010795320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754841600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852219822, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852219822, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852219822, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852219822, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=94, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881204459585850, articleId=1320881204010795320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Impact of Different Sterilization Conditions on the Quality Attributes and Flavor Profile of Fish and Mutton Dishes, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the equivalent sterilization intensity theory (F0=12), this study systematically compared the effects of three high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) sterilization treatments (115 ℃/42 min, 118 ℃/30 min, 121 ℃/11 min) and 9 kGy irradiation sterilization on the quality of fish-lamb composite products. A comprehensive analysis of key flavor compounds was conducted by measuring crude protein, crude fat, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), free amino acids, flavor nucleotides, electronic tongue response, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and sensory characteristics. The results indicated that compared to HTHP treatments, irradiation had a lesser impact on crude protein and crude fat content, and exhibited the smallest reduction in equivalent umami concentration (EUC) (33.99%), suggesting better umami retention. However, GC-IMS analysis revealed that irradiation induced the formation of typical off-flavor compounds, such as butanal and 2-methylbutanal, which led to a significantly lower sensory score (P<0.05) of only 71. HTHP sterilization significantly promoted protein hydrolysis, resulting in a significantly higher total free amino acid content compared to the irradiation group (P<0.05). Under the equivalent F0 value, different temperature-time combinations of HTHP treatments significantly affected the flavor profile. The 115 ℃/42 min (low-temperature long-time) treatment caused the most severe flavor deterioration, characterized by a 24.30% loss in total free amino acids, a 35.61% decrease in umami amino acids, and a significant 65.79% reduction in inosine monophosphate (IMP) content. In contrast, the 118 ℃/30 min treatment group demonstrated the highest EUC value (10.74 mg MSG/g) and sensory acceptability. In conclusion, under the prerequisite of ensuring equivalent sterilization intensity, the 118 ℃/30 min HTHP process is identified as the optimal sterilization method for the fish-lamb product, effectively ensuring microbial safety while preserving its flavor quality. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the optimization of sterilization processes for similar fish-lamb composite products.

, authors=Yuyun XUE1, Yucan PENG2, Libo QI1, 3, 4, 5, Baoshang FU1, 3, 4, 5, *, authorsList=Yuyun XUE, Yucan PENG, Libo QI, Baoshang FU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Baoshang FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881208444174666, articleId=1320881204010795320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜品质及风味物质的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究基于等效杀菌强度(F0=12)理论,系统比较了115 ℃/42 min、118 ℃/30 min、121 ℃/11 min三组高温高压杀菌及9 kGy辐照杀菌对鱼羊鲜产品品质及风味的影响。通过测定粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、硫代巴比妥酸值(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS)、游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、电子舌、气相色谱-离子迁移谱(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectromrtry,GC-IMS)及感官特性等指标,深入解析不同杀菌方式对鱼羊鲜的影响。结果表明:相较于高温处理,辐照处理对粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量的影响较小,且其味精当量值(Equivalent Umami Concentration,EUC)下降率最低(33.99%),表明鲜味保留较好。GC-IMS检测显示辐照处理诱导产生了丁醛、2-甲基丁醛等典型辐照异味物质,导致其感官评分显著降低(P<0.05),仅为71分。高温处理显著促进了蛋白质水解,其游离氨基酸总量显著高于辐照组(P<0.05)。在等效F0值下,不同温时组合的高温处理对风味影响存在显著差异:115 ℃/42 min(低温长时)处理导致游离氨基酸总量损失了24.30%、鲜味氨基酸总量下降了35.61%及肌苷酸(Inosine Monophosphate,IMP)含量显著降低了65.79%,风味劣变最严重;而118 ℃/30 min处理组则展现出最高的EUC值(10.74 mg MSG/g)及感官接受度。综上,在保证等效杀菌强度的前提下,118 ℃/30 min高温高压杀菌是鱼羊鲜产品最优的杀菌工艺,可在有效杀菌的同时最大程度地维持其风味品质。本研究为鱼羊鲜类产品的杀菌工艺优化提供了重要理论依据。

, authors=薛宇赟1, 彭玉灿2, 祁立波1, 3, 4, 5, 傅宝尚1, 3, 4, 5, *, authorsList=薛宇赟, 彭玉灿, 祁立波, 傅宝尚, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=傅宝尚, authorNote=

薛宇赟(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农(水)产品精深加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
傅宝尚(1989−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品资源开发与综合利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=vQK7XuS19GzqC9zgyb7Adg==, magXml=CyIokO06HAGDKVHP3BtRzA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=iYnE0a3v0QFI/MTyNtkg2Q==, pdfFileSize=3584346, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=6TE09XEvVv3X5T+YSaH+zQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=64VSWsGzDE1cplIfS6Sg0Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320881554084184964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2640198465@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881554197431174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, authorId=1320881554084184964, language=EN, stringName=Yuyun XUE, firstName=Yuyun, middleName=null, lastName=XUE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881554281317255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, authorId=1320881554084184964, language=CN, stringName=薛宇赟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1大连工业大学食品学院,辽宁大连 116034, bio={"content":"

薛宇赟(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农(水)产品精深加工,E-mail:

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薛宇赟(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农(水)产品精深加工,E-mail:

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value of sterilization intensity at sterilization temperatures 115, 118, 121 ℃, figureFileSmall=I2qVp/ZI7+k821eCNcJPrg==, figureFileBig=l6jbDvZXmUVRGRF8HBCGvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881557968110511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=图1, caption=115、118、121 ℃杀菌温度下的传热曲线与杀菌强度F0值, figureFileSmall=I2qVp/ZI7+k821eCNcJPrg==, figureFileBig=l6jbDvZXmUVRGRF8HBCGvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558043607984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different sterilization conditions on the content of protein and crude fat in fish and mutton dishes, figureFileSmall=2Q/Ts7Oh6V/fyV0aP+X4Zw==, figureFileBig=EP95aDKxR3Q4fxXIa/hrOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558102328241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜蛋白质和粗脂肪含量的影响

注:不同小写字母表示有显著性差异(P<0.05),图3同。

, figureFileSmall=2Q/Ts7Oh6V/fyV0aP+X4Zw==, figureFileBig=EP95aDKxR3Q4fxXIa/hrOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558165242802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different sterilization conditions on the TBARS value in fish and mutton dishes, figureFileSmall=khi/49d8/495IDJ19Xil4Q==, figureFileBig=NRaCQpbfYb2gXT+zVbNpeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558270100403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜TBARS值的影响, figureFileSmall=khi/49d8/495IDJ19Xil4Q==, figureFileBig=NRaCQpbfYb2gXT+zVbNpeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558341403572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Two-dimensional spectral comparison and difference of volatile components of fish and mutton dishes soup under different sterilization conditions, figureFileSmall=kOmnAfBAnUBabAoySkCDRA==, figureFileBig=cXA6D+PnIER67gt8AiGAIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558404318133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同杀菌条件下鱼羊鲜汤的挥发性成分对比差异二维谱图, figureFileSmall=kOmnAfBAnUBabAoySkCDRA==, figureFileBig=cXA6D+PnIER67gt8AiGAIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558463038390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=GC-IMS fingerprint of fish and mutton dishes soup under different sterilization conditions, figureFileSmall=MKKCnWqsnMcuy6oF13IabQ==, figureFileBig=2lzi/60Xd1gzD8HXglr8oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558551118775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同杀菌条件下鱼羊鲜汤的GC-IMS指纹图谱, figureFileSmall=MKKCnWqsnMcuy6oF13IabQ==, figureFileBig=2lzi/60Xd1gzD8HXglr8oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558655976376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Sensory radar map of fish and mutton dishes under different sterilization conditions, figureFileSmall=+kUQqxtSrI6Ak3PqbHNIxA==, figureFileBig=kfFT8p0S46wim0RIc6b7rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558714696633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同杀菌条件下鱼羊鲜的感官雷达图, figureFileSmall=+kUQqxtSrI6Ak3PqbHNIxA==, figureFileBig=kfFT8p0S46wim0RIc6b7rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881558794388410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria of fish and mutton dishes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素分值评分标准
色泽(10)7~10羊肉色泽明亮均匀,汤汁色泽呈淡黄色,颜色均匀
4~6羊肉色泽大部分明亮均匀,少部分色泽较暗,汤色泽较黄,颜色均匀
1~3羊肉色泽较暗无光泽,汤色泽呈棕黄色
气味(10)7~10香气浓郁饱满,令人愉悦,腥味或膻味少许
4~6香气较为明显,有少许膻味、腥味
1~3无香气或香气较弱,有令人不愉快的羊肉膻味、腥味或其它异味
滋味(30)20~30口感醇厚,鲜味浓郁饱满
10~19鲜味较浓郁,丰富度一般
1~9汤汁鲜味寡淡或有其他异味
羊肉质构(30)20~30肉质软硬适中,咀嚼感良好
10~19肉质较硬或较软,咀嚼感较差
1~9肉质过硬或过软,咀嚼感较差
可接受度(20)15~20可接受
8~14一般接受
1~7不接受
), ArticleFig(id=1320881558874080187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鱼羊鲜的感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素分值评分标准
色泽(10)7~10羊肉色泽明亮均匀,汤汁色泽呈淡黄色,颜色均匀
4~6羊肉色泽大部分明亮均匀,少部分色泽较暗,汤色泽较黄,颜色均匀
1~3羊肉色泽较暗无光泽,汤色泽呈棕黄色
气味(10)7~10香气浓郁饱满,令人愉悦,腥味或膻味少许
4~6香气较为明显,有少许膻味、腥味
1~3无香气或香气较弱,有令人不愉快的羊肉膻味、腥味或其它异味
滋味(30)20~30口感醇厚,鲜味浓郁饱满
10~19鲜味较浓郁,丰富度一般
1~9汤汁鲜味寡淡或有其他异味
羊肉质构(30)20~30肉质软硬适中,咀嚼感良好
10~19肉质较硬或较软,咀嚼感较差
1~9肉质过硬或过软,咀嚼感较差
可接受度(20)15~20可接受
8~14一般接受
1~7不接受
), ArticleFig(id=1320881558941189052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Different sterilization combination conditions and thermal insulation test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杀菌方式杀菌强度(min)杀菌温度(℃)杀菌时间(min)涨袋数(袋)是否商业无菌
高温高压杀菌12115420是
118300是
121110是
), ArticleFig(id=1320881558995715005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同杀菌组合条件及保温实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杀菌方式杀菌强度(min)杀菌温度(℃)杀菌时间(min)涨袋数(袋)是否商业无菌
高温高压杀菌12115420是
118300是
121110是
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559054435262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sterilization conditions and thermal insulation test results of different irradiation doses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杀菌方式辐照剂量(kGy)涨袋数(袋)是否符合商业无菌
辐照杀菌38否
64否
90是
120是
150是
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559129932735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同辐照剂量杀菌条件及保温实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杀菌方式辐照剂量(kGy)涨袋数(袋)是否符合商业无菌
辐照杀菌38否
64否
90是
120是
150是
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559222207424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of different sterilization conditions on the content of amino acids in fish and mutton dishes soup (mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
游离氨基酸杀菌条件
空白115 ℃/42 min118 ℃/30 min121 ℃/11 min辐照杀菌
甜味氨基酸甘氨酸(Gly)341.67±3.08b260.21±1.79d311.99±1.37c408.91±0.89a199.55±1.91e
苏氨酸(Thr)127.94±0.76c128.39±1.62c249.83±0.87b300.76±0.87a95±0.8.00d
丙氨酸(Ala)295.08±0.34b208.54±1.17d285.71±2.41c468.87±1.79a208.32±1.8d
丝氨酸(Ser)512.33±3.54c406.9±1.67d849.97±8.32b958.31±1.24a318.98±1.95e
鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸(Glu)18.73±0.24c15.77±0.15d18.67±0.11c22.92±0.30a19.25±0.17b
天冬氨酸(Asp)11.23±0.12b3.52±0.16e8.29±0.05c4.66±0.15d12.34±0.17a
苦味氨基酸缬氨酸(Val)54.24±0.11a35.13±4.19c49.89±0.28b38.51±0.43c26.29±0.09d
甲硫氨酸(Met)24.14±1.00c29.21±0.39b51.94±0.71a52.87±3.62a20.87±0.38d
其他氨基酸脯氨酸(Pro)65.54±0.60b32.55±0.19d79.05±0.82a59.83±1.73c19.28±0.95e
天冬酰胺(Asn)19.56±0.15a17.47±0.29c18.47±0.35b9.23±0.06e14.24±0.08d
赖氨酸(Lys)0.93±0.01a0.38±0.00c0.71±0.02b0.33±0.00c0.79±0.01b
苯丙氨酸(Phe)45.59±0.59c30.24±0.18d67.30±0.46b78.23±2.47a27.23±0.46e
精氨酸(Arg)311.7±4.70c238.82±1.42d507.58±6.31a468.57±13.07b190.4±9.19e
组氨酸(His)28.49±0.37a4.44±0.02e11.13±0.05c6.34±0.11d12.73±0.08b
异亮氨酸(Ile)28.97±0.12c22.7±0.17d31.77±0.38b55.43±0.24a22.84±0.10d
亮氨酸(Leu)55.45±0.48b40.96±0.11d50.97±0.58c93.06±0.64a39.28±0.07e
色氨酸(Trp)16.17±0.31c12.66±0.11d17.59±0.20b29.40±0.2a8.41±0.06e
酪氨酸(tyr)56.46±0.43c51.23±0.20d77.6±0.41b106.92±0.55a31.64±0.22e
谷氨酰胺(Gln)0.93±0.01a0.38±0.00d0.71±0.02c0.33±0.00e0.79±0.01b
羟脯氨酸(Hyp)30.7±0.48a9.31±0.01e20.84±0.36b18.4±0.06c11.59±0.40d
甜味氨基酸总量1277.02±0.12c1004.04±0.11d1697.5±0.21b2136.85±0.45a841.1±0.21e
鲜味氨基酸总量29.96±0.11b19.29±0.45d26.96±0.32c27.58±0.13c31.59±0.11a
苦味氨基酸总量78.38±0.08c64.34±0.67d101.83±0.40a91.38±0.15b41.16±0.21e
游离氨基酸总量2045.85±3.17c1548.81±5.92d2710.01±2.11b3181.88±2.56a1293.07±3.76e
甜味氨基酸/总游离氨基酸(%)62.4264.8362.6467.1665.05
鲜味氨基酸/总游离氨基酸(%)1.461.240.990.872.44
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559297704897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜汤氨基酸含量的影响(mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
游离氨基酸杀菌条件
空白115 ℃/42 min118 ℃/30 min121 ℃/11 min辐照杀菌
甜味氨基酸甘氨酸(Gly)341.67±3.08b260.21±1.79d311.99±1.37c408.91±0.89a199.55±1.91e
苏氨酸(Thr)127.94±0.76c128.39±1.62c249.83±0.87b300.76±0.87a95±0.8.00d
丙氨酸(Ala)295.08±0.34b208.54±1.17d285.71±2.41c468.87±1.79a208.32±1.8d
丝氨酸(Ser)512.33±3.54c406.9±1.67d849.97±8.32b958.31±1.24a318.98±1.95e
鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸(Glu)18.73±0.24c15.77±0.15d18.67±0.11c22.92±0.30a19.25±0.17b
天冬氨酸(Asp)11.23±0.12b3.52±0.16e8.29±0.05c4.66±0.15d12.34±0.17a
苦味氨基酸缬氨酸(Val)54.24±0.11a35.13±4.19c49.89±0.28b38.51±0.43c26.29±0.09d
甲硫氨酸(Met)24.14±1.00c29.21±0.39b51.94±0.71a52.87±3.62a20.87±0.38d
其他氨基酸脯氨酸(Pro)65.54±0.60b32.55±0.19d79.05±0.82a59.83±1.73c19.28±0.95e
天冬酰胺(Asn)19.56±0.15a17.47±0.29c18.47±0.35b9.23±0.06e14.24±0.08d
赖氨酸(Lys)0.93±0.01a0.38±0.00c0.71±0.02b0.33±0.00c0.79±0.01b
苯丙氨酸(Phe)45.59±0.59c30.24±0.18d67.30±0.46b78.23±2.47a27.23±0.46e
精氨酸(Arg)311.7±4.70c238.82±1.42d507.58±6.31a468.57±13.07b190.4±9.19e
组氨酸(His)28.49±0.37a4.44±0.02e11.13±0.05c6.34±0.11d12.73±0.08b
异亮氨酸(Ile)28.97±0.12c22.7±0.17d31.77±0.38b55.43±0.24a22.84±0.10d
亮氨酸(Leu)55.45±0.48b40.96±0.11d50.97±0.58c93.06±0.64a39.28±0.07e
色氨酸(Trp)16.17±0.31c12.66±0.11d17.59±0.20b29.40±0.2a8.41±0.06e
酪氨酸(tyr)56.46±0.43c51.23±0.20d77.6±0.41b106.92±0.55a31.64±0.22e
谷氨酰胺(Gln)0.93±0.01a0.38±0.00d0.71±0.02c0.33±0.00e0.79±0.01b
羟脯氨酸(Hyp)30.7±0.48a9.31±0.01e20.84±0.36b18.4±0.06c11.59±0.40d
甜味氨基酸总量1277.02±0.12c1004.04±0.11d1697.5±0.21b2136.85±0.45a841.1±0.21e
鲜味氨基酸总量29.96±0.11b19.29±0.45d26.96±0.32c27.58±0.13c31.59±0.11a
苦味氨基酸总量78.38±0.08c64.34±0.67d101.83±0.40a91.38±0.15b41.16±0.21e
游离氨基酸总量2045.85±3.17c1548.81±5.92d2710.01±2.11b3181.88±2.56a1293.07±3.76e
甜味氨基酸/总游离氨基酸(%)62.4264.8362.6467.1665.05
鲜味氨基酸/总游离氨基酸(%)1.461.240.990.872.44
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559377396674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of different sterilization conditions on nucleotides content and monosodium glutamate equivalents in fish and mutton dishes soup (mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核苷酸不同杀菌条件
空白115 ℃/42 min118 ℃/30 min121 ℃/11 min辐照杀菌
腺苷单磷酸(AMP)8.04±0.02d12.14±0.34b15.69±0.46a8.77±0.02c9.17±0.01c
鸟苷单磷酸(GMP)4.54±0.03b4.27±0.04c5.07±0.02a3.39±0.03d3.08±0.03e
肌苷单磷酸(IMP)47.3±0.08a16.18±0.11d20.63±0.12c20.89±0.19c28.47±0.27b
脲苷单磷酸(UMP)0.58±0.00a0.39±0.00c0.48±0.00b0.25±0.00e0.27±0.00d
总量60.46±0.03a32.98±0.04c41.87±0.05b33.3±0.01c40.99±0.03b
EUC(mg MSG/g)19.77±0.23a6.37±0.07e10.74±0.10c9.80±0.20d13.05±0.12b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559448699843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜汤核苷酸含量及味精当量的影响(mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核苷酸不同杀菌条件
空白115 ℃/42 min118 ℃/30 min121 ℃/11 min辐照杀菌
腺苷单磷酸(AMP)8.04±0.02d12.14±0.34b15.69±0.46a8.77±0.02c9.17±0.01c
鸟苷单磷酸(GMP)4.54±0.03b4.27±0.04c5.07±0.02a3.39±0.03d3.08±0.03e
肌苷单磷酸(IMP)47.3±0.08a16.18±0.11d20.63±0.12c20.89±0.19c28.47±0.27b
脲苷单磷酸(UMP)0.58±0.00a0.39±0.00c0.48±0.00b0.25±0.00e0.27±0.00d
总量60.46±0.03a32.98±0.04c41.87±0.05b33.3±0.01c40.99±0.03b
EUC(mg MSG/g)19.77±0.23a6.37±0.07e10.74±0.10c9.80±0.20d13.05±0.12b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559507420100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Electronic tongue response values to flavor components in fish and mutton dishes soup under different sterilization conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
滋味空白115 ℃/42 min118 ℃/30 min121 ℃/11 min辐照
酸味−32.70±0.14b−34.48±0.16d−33.31±0.31c−32.96±0.12bc−32.02±0.30a
苦味1.41±0.05a1.28±0.09a1.29±0.07a1.26±0.05a1.32±0.06a
涩味−6.06±0.06b−6.80±0.08d−6.47±0.08c−6.11±0.04b−5.80±0.06a
回味B2.54±0.15a1.25±0.06cd1.61±0.32bc1.90±0.06b1.18±0.06d
回味A−25.66±2.49a−25.72±3.20a−24.13±2.47a−23.39±0.80a−23.59±0.80a
鲜味8.37±0.06a7.11±0.23d7.53±0.13c7.23±0.05cd7.87±0.12b
丰富8.64±0.06a7.32±0.10b6.43±0.07c5.67±0.09d6.31±0.09c
咸味6.74±0.33a6.89±1.02a6.35±0.91a6.45±0.18a6.78±0.63a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559595500485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同杀菌条件下鱼羊鲜汤的滋味成分电子舌响应值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
滋味空白115 ℃/42 min118 ℃/30 min121 ℃/11 min辐照
酸味−32.70±0.14b−34.48±0.16d−33.31±0.31c−32.96±0.12bc−32.02±0.30a
苦味1.41±0.05a1.28±0.09a1.29±0.07a1.26±0.05a1.32±0.06a
涩味−6.06±0.06b−6.80±0.08d−6.47±0.08c−6.11±0.04b−5.80±0.06a
回味B2.54±0.15a1.25±0.06cd1.61±0.32bc1.90±0.06b1.18±0.06d
回味A−25.66±2.49a−25.72±3.20a−24.13±2.47a−23.39±0.80a−23.59±0.80a
鲜味8.37±0.06a7.11±0.23d7.53±0.13c7.23±0.05cd7.87±0.12b
丰富8.64±0.06a7.32±0.10b6.43±0.07c5.67±0.09d6.31±0.09c
咸味6.74±0.33a6.89±1.02a6.35±0.91a6.45±0.18a6.78±0.63a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559658415046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Qualitative and quantitative of volatile flavor compounds in fish and mutton dishes soup under different sterilization methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类编号中文名称保留指数保留时间(s)迁移时间(ms)相对含量(%)
空白115 ℃/42 min118 ℃/30 min121 ℃/11 min辐照杀菌
醇类1正己醇(D)1402.2931.7121.645790.07±0.01 c0.06±0.00c0.05±0.00c0.25±0.15a0.18±0.04b
2正己醇(M)1404.1934.711.330740.29±0.02b0.47±0.02a0.50±0.01a0.27±0.03b0.17±0.02c
3正戊醇1265.6748.7581.258050.64±0.05b0.67±0.03b0.70±0.04b1.16±0.27a0.08±0.04c
4异戊醇1221.9684.861.237570.10±0.01c0.11±0.01c0.12±0.01c0.27±0.09a0.17±0.01b
5正丁醇1160.3580.4841.186040.46±0.03c0.46±0.02c0.43±0.02c1.08±0.22a0.78±0.01b
6正己醇1104482.2091.2683224.12±0.80a21.96±0.46b22.95±0.95b14.39±3.21d18.08±2.12c
7正丙醇1052.1416.711.254920.05±0.00d0.06±0.00c0.06±0.00c0.47±0.08b1.61±0.80a
8正丙醇(D)1054.9419.8971.110960.83±0.02d0.89±0.03c0.81±0.01d3.05±0.46b3.53±0.40a
92-丁醇1037.9400.7321.320050.43±0.04b0.39±0.03cd0.39±0.04cd0.37±0.04d2.66±0.32a
10芳樟醇1067.6434.7691.808160.96±0.10c0.93±0.13d1.02±0.08b1.44±0.21a1.02±0.48b
112-甲基-1-丙醇1109.8491.5851.17271.72±0.23a1.27±0.45b1.13±0.05c1.08±0.32d1.27±0.12b
121-戊烯-3-醇1176.2611.5530.942341.58±0.12b1.53±0.05c1.50±0.01d2.09±0.33a0.80±0.02e
131,3-丁二醇865249.1281.141958.39±0.32a7.71±0.19c7.88±0.02b6.78±0.41d5.53±0.01e
醛类1正辛醛(M)1305.6806.7861.408630.63±0.03c0.91±0.02a0.86±0.02b0.56±0.08d0.61±0.02c
2正辛醛(D)1304.9805.9111.8210.17±0.01d0.37±0.03a0.29±0.00b0.16±0.02d0.20±0.00c
3正庚醛(M)1201.5656.9441.334593.20±0.03a2.89±0.07c2.93±0.04b2.51±0.05d2.29±0.02e
4正庚醛(D)1201.5656.9441.691312.33±0.14c2.95±0.08a2.84±0.04b1.23±0.38e1.55±0.10d
52-己烯醛1234.9703.291.1780.11±0.01ab0.08±0.01bc0.09±0.00b0.13±0.02a0.06±0.01c
6反式-2-戊烯醛1150.2561.3841.103771.86±0.10b1.72±0.07d1.77±0.15c2.20±0.20a1.22±0.11e
7戊醛1003364.0621.194122.86±0.22b2.24±0.04d2.34±0.05c3.03±0.41a2.22±0.09e
8反式-2-庚烯醛(D)936.3303.0891.243740.72±0.03ab0.52±0.03d0.56±0.03cd0.75±0.03a0.58±0.03c
9反式-2-庚烯醛(M)1116.4502.4281.093492.30±0.13e2.70±0.23c2.60±0.13d2.93±0.07b8.07±0.38a
10丁醛(D)881.1260.3911.115630.09±0.02d0.17±0.01c0.15±0.00c0.32±0.07a0.22±0.04b
11丁醛(M)874.6255.8121.284060.04±0.01b0.04±0.00b0.04±0.00b005±0.00a0.03±0.00c
122-甲基丁醛947.1312.231.400260.40±0.18c0.78±0.01b0.79±0.03b1.00±0.22a0.99±0.09a
13正戊醛946311.2451.177059.90±0.32b10.13±0.09a10.17±0.04a9.02±0.86c7.31±0.14d
酮类12-庚酮1195.6649.1661.261050.37±0.04d0.78±0.03a0.67±0.00b0.54±0.05c0.35±0.01d
22-己酮1122.8513.1151.204950.08±0.01b0.07±0.01b0.09±0.00b0.10±0.04b0.40±0.03a
31-戊烯-3-酮1042.5405.8011.090450.71±0.01b0.72±0.01b0.82±0.06a0.47±0.04c0.71±0.01b
43-羟基-2-丁酮1298.6798.4351.073210.26±0.02c0.26±0.01c0.46±0.21b0.50±0.10a0.26±0.02c
53-壬酮1090.9463.6111.389581.95±0.00b1.86±0.00c2.42±0.15a0.46±0.11d1.95±0.00c
64-甲基-2-戊酮1029.4391.5061.180091.39±0.09c1.47±0.01b1.87±0.27a1.37±0.06d1.39±0.09c
72,3-戊二酮1028389.9781.23170.24±0.01b0.20±0.00c0.31±0.06a0.18±0.01d0.24±0.01b
8甲基乙烯酮915.9286.4981.282322.89±0.01a2.81±0.01b1.89±0.46c1.15±0.04d2.89±0.01a
酯类1甲酸乙酯806.7212.2341.068840.33±0.02d0.39±0.03cd0.63±0.12b0.63±0.04b0.93±0.08a
2苯乙酸乙酯1234.3702.3981.2995744.92±2.44a1.95±0.00c1.87±0.00d2.42±0.15b0.46±0.11e
3庚酸烯丙酯1200.5655.7291.4324611.54±89.52a0.64±0.03b0.64±0.01b0.59±0.03c0.46±0.02d
4丁酸异丁酯945.6310.9141.325950.47±0.02c0.45±0.01c0.57±0.06b1.32±0.03a0.47±0.02c
5丁酸己酯1448.11007.0881.483791.27±0.05c2.02±0.08a1.76±0.02b1.24±0.15cd1.23±0.03d
6异戊酸苯乙酯1108.3489.1541.474020.28±0.04b0.27±0.02b0.25±0.03c0.18±0.12d0.40±0.08a
72-甲基丁酸乙酯1037.2399.9121.229560.05±0.00c0.06±0.01c0.05±0.00c0.08±0.00b0.39±0.01a
8乙酸乙酯(D)923.7292.7251.334061.23±0.07c1.99±0.11a1.95±0.00a1.48±0.20b1.21±0.06c
9乙酸乙酯(M)924.6293.4561.094140.84±0.04b0.75±0.05c0.81±0.02b1.05±0.23a0.06±0.03d
其他12-甲基丁酸870.8253.1131.476331.03±0.03b0.93±0.01c0.92±0.03c1.27±0.04a0.70±0.05d
22-乙基呋喃949.5314.2171.288140.43±0.08c0.56±0.00b0.55±0.01b0.64±0.05a0.42±0.01c
3邻二甲苯898.3272.9551.084640.27±0.04b0.28±0.01b0.28±0.01b0.25±0.05c0.34±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881559725523911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881204010795320, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同杀菌方式下鱼羊鲜汤挥发性风味物质定性定量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类编号中文名称保留指数保留时间(s)迁移时间(ms)相对含量(%)
空白115 ℃/42 min118 ℃/30 min121 ℃/11 min辐照杀菌
醇类1正己醇(D)1402.2931.7121.645790.07±0.01 c0.06±0.00c0.05±0.00c0.25±0.15a0.18±0.04b
2正己醇(M)1404.1934.711.330740.29±0.02b0.47±0.02a0.50±0.01a0.27±0.03b0.17±0.02c
3正戊醇1265.6748.7581.258050.64±0.05b0.67±0.03b0.70±0.04b1.16±0.27a0.08±0.04c
4异戊醇1221.9684.861.237570.10±0.01c0.11±0.01c0.12±0.01c0.27±0.09a0.17±0.01b
5正丁醇1160.3580.4841.186040.46±0.03c0.46±0.02c0.43±0.02c1.08±0.22a0.78±0.01b
6正己醇1104482.2091.2683224.12±0.80a21.96±0.46b22.95±0.95b14.39±3.21d18.08±2.12c
7正丙醇1052.1416.711.254920.05±0.00d0.06±0.00c0.06±0.00c0.47±0.08b1.61±0.80a
8正丙醇(D)1054.9419.8971.110960.83±0.02d0.89±0.03c0.81±0.01d3.05±0.46b3.53±0.40a
92-丁醇1037.9400.7321.320050.43±0.04b0.39±0.03cd0.39±0.04cd0.37±0.04d2.66±0.32a
10芳樟醇1067.6434.7691.808160.96±0.10c0.93±0.13d1.02±0.08b1.44±0.21a1.02±0.48b
112-甲基-1-丙醇1109.8491.5851.17271.72±0.23a1.27±0.45b1.13±0.05c1.08±0.32d1.27±0.12b
121-戊烯-3-醇1176.2611.5530.942341.58±0.12b1.53±0.05c1.50±0.01d2.09±0.33a0.80±0.02e
131,3-丁二醇865249.1281.141958.39±0.32a7.71±0.19c7.88±0.02b6.78±0.41d5.53±0.01e
醛类1正辛醛(M)1305.6806.7861.408630.63±0.03c0.91±0.02a0.86±0.02b0.56±0.08d0.61±0.02c
2正辛醛(D)1304.9805.9111.8210.17±0.01d0.37±0.03a0.29±0.00b0.16±0.02d0.20±0.00c
3正庚醛(M)1201.5656.9441.334593.20±0.03a2.89±0.07c2.93±0.04b2.51±0.05d2.29±0.02e
4正庚醛(D)1201.5656.9441.691312.33±0.14c2.95±0.08a2.84±0.04b1.23±0.38e1.55±0.10d
52-己烯醛1234.9703.291.1780.11±0.01ab0.08±0.01bc0.09±0.00b0.13±0.02a0.06±0.01c
6反式-2-戊烯醛1150.2561.3841.103771.86±0.10b1.72±0.07d1.77±0.15c2.20±0.20a1.22±0.11e
7戊醛1003364.0621.194122.86±0.22b2.24±0.04d2.34±0.05c3.03±0.41a2.22±0.09e
8反式-2-庚烯醛(D)936.3303.0891.243740.72±0.03ab0.52±0.03d0.56±0.03cd0.75±0.03a0.58±0.03c
9反式-2-庚烯醛(M)1116.4502.4281.093492.30±0.13e2.70±0.23c2.60±0.13d2.93±0.07b8.07±0.38a
10丁醛(D)881.1260.3911.115630.09±0.02d0.17±0.01c0.15±0.00c0.32±0.07a0.22±0.04b
11丁醛(M)874.6255.8121.284060.04±0.01b0.04±0.00b0.04±0.00b005±0.00a0.03±0.00c
122-甲基丁醛947.1312.231.400260.40±0.18c0.78±0.01b0.79±0.03b1.00±0.22a0.99±0.09a
13正戊醛946311.2451.177059.90±0.32b10.13±0.09a10.17±0.04a9.02±0.86c7.31±0.14d
酮类12-庚酮1195.6649.1661.261050.37±0.04d0.78±0.03a0.67±0.00b0.54±0.05c0.35±0.01d
22-己酮1122.8513.1151.204950.08±0.01b0.07±0.01b0.09±0.00b0.10±0.04b0.40±0.03a
31-戊烯-3-酮1042.5405.8011.090450.71±0.01b0.72±0.01b0.82±0.06a0.47±0.04c0.71±0.01b
43-羟基-2-丁酮1298.6798.4351.073210.26±0.02c0.26±0.01c0.46±0.21b0.50±0.10a0.26±0.02c
53-壬酮1090.9463.6111.389581.95±0.00b1.86±0.00c2.42±0.15a0.46±0.11d1.95±0.00c
64-甲基-2-戊酮1029.4391.5061.180091.39±0.09c1.47±0.01b1.87±0.27a1.37±0.06d1.39±0.09c
72,3-戊二酮1028389.9781.23170.24±0.01b0.20±0.00c0.31±0.06a0.18±0.01d0.24±0.01b
8甲基乙烯酮915.9286.4981.282322.89±0.01a2.81±0.01b1.89±0.46c1.15±0.04d2.89±0.01a
酯类1甲酸乙酯806.7212.2341.068840.33±0.02d0.39±0.03cd0.63±0.12b0.63±0.04b0.93±0.08a
2苯乙酸乙酯1234.3702.3981.2995744.92±2.44a1.95±0.00c1.87±0.00d2.42±0.15b0.46±0.11e
3庚酸烯丙酯1200.5655.7291.4324611.54±89.52a0.64±0.03b0.64±0.01b0.59±0.03c0.46±0.02d
4丁酸异丁酯945.6310.9141.325950.47±0.02c0.45±0.01c0.57±0.06b1.32±0.03a0.47±0.02c
5丁酸己酯1448.11007.0881.483791.27±0.05c2.02±0.08a1.76±0.02b1.24±0.15cd1.23±0.03d
6异戊酸苯乙酯1108.3489.1541.474020.28±0.04b0.27±0.02b0.25±0.03c0.18±0.12d0.40±0.08a
72-甲基丁酸乙酯1037.2399.9121.229560.05±0.00c0.06±0.01c0.05±0.00c0.08±0.00b0.39±0.01a
8乙酸乙酯(D)923.7292.7251.334061.23±0.07c1.99±0.11a1.95±0.00a1.48±0.20b1.21±0.06c
9乙酸乙酯(M)924.6293.4561.094140.84±0.04b0.75±0.05c0.81±0.02b1.05±0.23a0.06±0.03d
其他12-甲基丁酸870.8253.1131.476331.03±0.03b0.93±0.01c0.92±0.03c1.27±0.04a0.70±0.05d
22-乙基呋喃949.5314.2171.288140.43±0.08c0.56±0.00b0.55±0.01b0.64±0.05a0.42±0.01c
3邻二甲苯898.3272.9551.084640.27±0.04b0.28±0.01b0.28±0.01b0.25±0.05c0.34±0.02a
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不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜品质及风味物质的影响
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薛宇赟 1 , 彭玉灿 2 , 祁立波 1, 3, 4, 5 , 傅宝尚 1, 3, 4, 5, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(17): 94-104
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (17) : 94 -104
不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜品质及风味物质的影响
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4海洋食品精深加工关键技术省部共建协同创新中心,辽宁大连 116034
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薛宇赟1 , 彭玉灿2, 祁立波1, 3, 4, 5, 傅宝尚1, 3, 4, 5, *
作者信息
  • 1大连工业大学食品学院,辽宁大连 116034
  • 2大连中核辐射技术有限公司,辽宁大连 116034
  • 3海洋食品加工与安全控制全国重点实验室,辽宁大连 116034
  • 4海洋食品精深加工关键技术省部共建协同创新中心,辽宁大连 116034
  • 5国家海洋食品工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连 116034
通讯作者:
傅宝尚(1989−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品资源开发与综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

薛宇赟(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农(水)产品精深加工,E-mail:

Impact of Different Sterilization Conditions on the Quality Attributes and Flavor Profile of Fish and Mutton Dishes
Yuyun XUE1 , Yucan PENG2, Libo QI1, 3, 4, 5, Baoshang FU1, 3, 4, 5, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
  • 2Dalian CNNC Irradiation Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian 116034, China
  • 3State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian 116034, China
  • 4Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
  • 5SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian 116034, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080028
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本研究基于等效杀菌强度(F0=12)理论,系统比较了115 ℃/42 min、118 ℃/30 min、121 ℃/11 min三组高温高压杀菌及9 kGy辐照杀菌对鱼羊鲜产品品质及风味的影响。通过测定粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、硫代巴比妥酸值(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS)、游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、电子舌、气相色谱-离子迁移谱(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectromrtry,GC-IMS)及感官特性等指标,深入解析不同杀菌方式对鱼羊鲜的影响。结果表明:相较于高温处理,辐照处理对粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量的影响较小,且其味精当量值(Equivalent Umami Concentration,EUC)下降率最低(33.99%),表明鲜味保留较好。GC-IMS检测显示辐照处理诱导产生了丁醛、2-甲基丁醛等典型辐照异味物质,导致其感官评分显著降低(P<0.05),仅为71分。高温处理显著促进了蛋白质水解,其游离氨基酸总量显著高于辐照组(P<0.05)。在等效F0值下,不同温时组合的高温处理对风味影响存在显著差异:115 ℃/42 min(低温长时)处理导致游离氨基酸总量损失了24.30%、鲜味氨基酸总量下降了35.61%及肌苷酸(Inosine Monophosphate,IMP)含量显著降低了65.79%,风味劣变最严重;而118 ℃/30 min处理组则展现出最高的EUC值(10.74 mg MSG/g)及感官接受度。综上,在保证等效杀菌强度的前提下,118 ℃/30 min高温高压杀菌是鱼羊鲜产品最优的杀菌工艺,可在有效杀菌的同时最大程度地维持其风味品质。本研究为鱼羊鲜类产品的杀菌工艺优化提供了重要理论依据。

鱼羊鲜  /  杀菌  /  营养  /  游离氨基酸  /  呈味核苷酸  /  风味

Based on the equivalent sterilization intensity theory (F0=12), this study systematically compared the effects of three high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) sterilization treatments (115 ℃/42 min, 118 ℃/30 min, 121 ℃/11 min) and 9 kGy irradiation sterilization on the quality of fish-lamb composite products. A comprehensive analysis of key flavor compounds was conducted by measuring crude protein, crude fat, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), free amino acids, flavor nucleotides, electronic tongue response, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and sensory characteristics. The results indicated that compared to HTHP treatments, irradiation had a lesser impact on crude protein and crude fat content, and exhibited the smallest reduction in equivalent umami concentration (EUC) (33.99%), suggesting better umami retention. However, GC-IMS analysis revealed that irradiation induced the formation of typical off-flavor compounds, such as butanal and 2-methylbutanal, which led to a significantly lower sensory score (P<0.05) of only 71. HTHP sterilization significantly promoted protein hydrolysis, resulting in a significantly higher total free amino acid content compared to the irradiation group (P<0.05). Under the equivalent F0 value, different temperature-time combinations of HTHP treatments significantly affected the flavor profile. The 115 ℃/42 min (low-temperature long-time) treatment caused the most severe flavor deterioration, characterized by a 24.30% loss in total free amino acids, a 35.61% decrease in umami amino acids, and a significant 65.79% reduction in inosine monophosphate (IMP) content. In contrast, the 118 ℃/30 min treatment group demonstrated the highest EUC value (10.74 mg MSG/g) and sensory acceptability. In conclusion, under the prerequisite of ensuring equivalent sterilization intensity, the 118 ℃/30 min HTHP process is identified as the optimal sterilization method for the fish-lamb product, effectively ensuring microbial safety while preserving its flavor quality. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the optimization of sterilization processes for similar fish-lamb composite products.

fish and mutton dishes  /  sterilization  /  nutrition  /  free amino acids  /  flavor nucleotides  /  flavor
薛宇赟, 彭玉灿, 祁立波, 傅宝尚. 不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜品质及风味物质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 94 -104 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080028
Yuyun XUE, Yucan PENG, Libo QI, Baoshang FU. Impact of Different Sterilization Conditions on the Quality Attributes and Flavor Profile of Fish and Mutton Dishes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 94 -104 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080028
鱼羊鲜是一道源自江苏徐海地区的传统名菜,其精髓在于将鱼肉与羊肉同烹,通过风味与营养的互补,创造出独具一格的鲜美滋味。汉字“鲜”字本身即由“鱼”和“羊”构成,恰如其分地体现了这道菜的味觉核心[1]。从营养学角度看,鲫鱼肉质鲜美,富含优质蛋白、维生素以及矿物质[2],羊肉营养丰富,氨基酸种类齐全,是人体必需氨基酸的优质蛋白质资源[3−4],使鱼之清鲜与羊之醇厚在烹饪中相互渗透、彼此激发,融合成一种极为和谐且层次丰富的复合鲜味。而且鱼羊鲜可通过不同的烹饪手法演绎出多变的风味与口感,这使其能够适应从家常便饭到宴席珍馐的不同场景。正因如此,无论是作为家常菜还是宫廷名菜,它都能以其独特的“鲜”味展现出深厚的魅力[5−6]。
在预制菜的加工中,杀菌是决定产品安全与品质的核心环节。热杀菌与冷杀菌是目前的两大技术路径,其选择直接影响产品的风味、营养与货架期。热杀菌技术成熟、杀菌效果彻底,尤其高温高压处理能有效灭活细菌孢子,但不可避免地会对食品的热敏性营养成分和挥发性风味物质造成损失,易产生蒸煮味等不良风味[7−9]。辐照杀菌作为一种代表性的冷杀菌技术,能在常温下有效杀灭微生物,理论上更能保留食品的“新鲜”特质[10−11]。然而,现有研究多在不同杀菌强度下比较各类技术的优劣,缺乏在等效杀菌强度下的公平对比,导致结果难以直接用于工艺优化。
本研究以此为创新切入点,聚焦于对风味极其敏感的传统名肴“鱼羊鲜”。首次在等效杀菌强度(F0=12)的统一标准下,系统比较了三种温时组合的高温高压杀菌(115 ℃/42 min、118 ℃/30 min、121 ℃/11 min)与特定剂量辐照杀菌(9 kGy)对产品品质的影响。研究旨在探索一种能最大保留鱼羊鲜风味的杀菌方式,从而为高品质预制菜的精准杀菌提供关键的理论依据与实践指导。
新鲜鲫鱼(约300±10 g) 大连仟和市场;花生油 山东鲁花集团有限公司;新鲜羊腿肉 内蒙古辰雨基业畜牧有限公司;食盐 中国盐业有限公司;无水硫酸钠(分析纯) 天津科密欧试剂有限公司;硫酸钾(分析纯)、溴甲酚绿(分析纯)、氢氧化钠(分析纯)、硼酸(分析纯)、浓盐酸(分析纯)、石油醚(分析纯)、甲基叔丁基醚(质谱纯) 天津大茂化学试剂厂;硫代巴比妥酸(分析纯)、三氯乙酸(分析纯) 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;异丙醇(质谱纯)、甲醇(质谱纯)、乙腈(质谱纯)、乙酸铵(质谱纯) 上海麦克林试剂有限公司。
R20130040杀菌釜 山东省诸城市金鼎食品机械有限公司;SZF-06索氏抽提器 上海精密仪器仪表公司;ME204电子天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;YP6001N万分之一天平 上海精密科学仪器有限公司;DZ-500/2S真空包装机 山东小康机械有限公司;CW180恒温恒湿培养箱 上海舍岩仪器有限公司;HH-2恒温数显水浴锅 常州朗越仪器制造有限公司;SJD-1000全自动凯氏定氮仪 上海沛欧分析仪器有限公司;M200酶标定量测定仪 瑞士Tecan Infinite公司;PHS-3CB精密pH计 上海右一仪器有限公司;Thermo Fisher冷冻离心机 上海卡耐兹试验仪器设备有限公司;TS-5000Z电子舌 日本Insent公司;AB QTRAP 5500质谱仪 美国AB公司;5H1-00411风味分析仪 德国G.A.S公司。
操作要点[12]:原料预处理:挑选新鲜鲫鱼(250±10 g),除去内脏、血渍和腹腔内的黑膜,清洗干净,擦除表面水分。油煎:煎锅中加入鲫鱼质量1/8的花生油,于130 ℃下将鲫鱼正反面各煎1 min,至双面金黄。熬煮:锅中加入沸水(鱼水质量比为1:5)熬煮65 min。过滤:鲫鱼汤过滤网,除去鱼骨等残渣,得到鲫鱼汤备用。漂烫:选用羊后腿肉,将其切成0.3 cm的片状,在沸水中漂烫20 s后捞出(去除羊肉中的血水)。煮制:将漂烫好的羊肉按1:5与鲫鱼汤混合,加入0.3%的食盐,共同熬煮7 min。
空白组:熬煮结束后,取40 g羊肉,220 g汤热灌装入高温蒸煮袋中封口,并用流水冷却至室温,去除表面水分和杂质得到空白对照样品。
高温杀菌组:取40 g羊肉,220 g汤热灌装入高温蒸煮袋中封口。通过热穿透测试确定灭菌强度F0=12 min时对应不同杀菌温度时间组合为115 ℃/42 min、118 ℃/30 min、121 ℃/11 min。
辐照杀菌组:取40 g羊肉,220 g汤热灌装入高温蒸煮袋中封口。由大连中核辐射技术有限公司使用60CO-γ射线分别使用3、6、9、12、15 kGy辐照剂量处理样品,干冰封箱运回实验室置于−80 ℃保存,后续通过保温实验筛选出最适鱼羊鲜的辐照剂量。
鉴于鱼羊鲜产品由汤和固形物料组成,其风味与营养的评估侧重点不同,因此本实验对于其营养指标(脂肪、蛋白质)、理化指标(TBARS值)的测定及整体杀菌效果(感官评价)的评价以整体样品进行;对于风味指标(游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、电子舌响应值、挥发性成分),取汤样进行测定分析。
将一个无线热电偶探头装入蒸煮袋真空密封,另外一个热电偶探头放入杀菌锅内,分别记录加热升温过程中样品中心温度和杀菌锅内的温度变化,温度采样设置为每间隔1 min采集记录一组数据,并绘制杀菌温度曲线,根据温度参数由杀菌锅控制软件计算得出相应的样品中心和杀菌锅内的等效杀菌强度F0值。
本研究中的鱼羊鲜pH为6.81>4.6属于低酸性食品。对于低酸性食品,实现商业无菌杀菌时以肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌为杀灭对象菌,Z值一般取10 ℃,美国FDA建议杀菌安全F0值>3 min,且考虑到工业化大规模杀菌可能存在热分布不均匀性以及样品中有耐热微生物的存在[13],结合实验室杀菌锅的实际使用情况,本研究中设定F0值12 min,然后分别在115、118、121 ℃条件下杀菌达到相应的F0值。每组实验制备20袋样品,杀菌后在37 ℃下保温10 d,观察胀袋情况,确定是否为安全杀菌强度F0值。
$\rm F_0 = \int_{0}^{t} 10^{(T-T_{\mathrm{ref}})/Z} \mathrm{d}t $
式中:t为杀菌时间,min;T为对应时间样品的中心温度,一般以90 ℃作为起点温度;Tref为基准温度,一般取121 ℃;Z值为10 ℃。
蛋白质参照GB 5009.5-2025《食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定》中凯氏定氮法进行测定;粗脂肪参照GB 5009.6-2025《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》中索氏抽提法进行测定。
参照JOHN等[14]的方法进行测定。准确称取1.0 g样品,加入5 mL硫代巴比妥酸溶液(0.375% 2-硫代巴比妥酸,15% 三氯乙酸,0.25 mol/L盐酸溶液),充分混匀后,在沸水浴中加热20 min,等待溶液变红,用自来水冷却,在4 ℃下以5000 r/min离心20 min,取上清液于532 nm处测定吸光度。结果计算公式如下:
$ \begin{split}\text{TBARS}(\mathrm{mg}\; \mathrm{MDA}/\text{kg})= & \rm{\frac{A_{532}\times0.006\times72.07\times1000}{1.56\times10^5\times1.0\times0.001}}\end{split} $
参照DONG等[15]的方法,采用质谱仪对游离氨基酸、5'-核苷酸进行定量分析。样品前处理:准确称取适量样品,加入甲醇/异丙醇(1:1,v/v)提取溶剂,涡旋提取;加入预冷乙腈沉淀蛋白,于4 ℃、14000×g离心5 min;取上清液经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,滤液待测。色谱条件:色谱柱为Agilent InfinityLab Poroshell 120 HILIC-Z(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm);柱温45 ℃;流速0.4 mL/min;进样量1 μL。流动相A:含10 mmol/L甲酸铵和0.125%(v/v)甲酸的水溶液;流动相B:以乙腈/水(95:5,v/v)为溶剂,含10 mmol/L甲酸铵和0.125%(v/v)甲酸。梯度洗脱程序:0~2 min,100% B;2~13.5 min,100% B→70% B;13.5~14 min,70% B→100% B;14~18 min,100% B。质谱条件:电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式;干燥气温度330 ℃,流速13.0 L/min;雾化器压力35 psi;鞘气温度390 ℃,流速12 L/min;毛细管电压1500 V;采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定量分析。
味精当量[16]表示两类鲜味物质混合物协同作用所产生的鲜味强度相当于多少浓度的单一味精(MSG)所产生的鲜味强度。其计算公式为:
$ \mathrm{EUC}=\sum{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{b}}_{\mathrm{i}}+12.18\left(\sum{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{b}}_{\mathrm{i}}\right)\left(\sum{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{j}}{\mathrm{b}}_{\mathrm{j}}\right) $
式中:EUC代表味精当量,mg MSG/g;ai代表鲜味氨基酸(Asp、Glu)的含量,mg/g;bi代表鲜味氨基酸相对于MSG的相对鲜度系数(Glu为1、Asp为0.077);aj代表呈味核苷酸(5'-IMP、5'-GMP、5'-AMP)的含量,mg/g;bj代表呈味核苷酸相对于IMP的相对鲜度系数(5'-IMP为1、5'-GMP为2.3、5'-AMP为0.18);12.18是协同作用常数。
参照胡琴等[17]的方法,取出传感器,加入200 mL内部液(3.3 mmol/L KCl+饱和氯化银),将其置于呈有基准液(30 mmol/L KCl+0.3 mmol/L酒石酸)的样品杯中活化24 h,用封口膜将样品杯封好。取出参比电极,加入内部液直至页面距离玻璃管顶部大约5 mm的位置,然后将其置于呈有3.3 mmol/L KCl溶液的样品杯中浸泡24 h,用封口膜将样品杯封好。称取10 g样品,以1:5的比例加入40 ℃的去离子水,然后以5000 r/min,离心10 min,取上清液进行过滤。为了确保传感器响应信号的可靠性和稳定性,对电子舌系统进行自检。将过滤好的样品分别直接倒入两个样品杯中,开始进行数据采集。每个样品测试进行4次循环,取后3次的测定数据进行分析。
参考HU等[18]的方法并略作修改。称取鱼羊鲜汤样品5 mL,分别放入20 mL顶空进样瓶中,60 ℃孵育15 min,顶空进样后用FlavourSpec风味分析仪对样品挥发性成分进行分析。仪器运行实际参数设置如下:顶空孵育温度60 ℃;孵育时间15 min;转速500 r/min;进样针温度85 ℃;进样体积500 μL,不分流模式;载气为高纯N2(纯度>99.99%);清洗时间0.5 min。
GC条件:色谱柱温度40 ℃;运行时间20 min;载气为高纯N2(纯度≥99.99%);初始流速2 mL/min,保持10 min后在15 min内增至150 mL/min。
IMS条件:MXT-WAX型色谱柱(柱长30 m,内径0.53 mm,厚度1 μm);柱温60 ℃;漂移气(N2,纯度≥99.99%);流速150 mL/min;IMS温度45 ℃;分析时间20 min。定性定量分析:利用Flavour Spec风味分析仪进行物质图谱分析,通过正构烷酮校准保留时间,使用GC-IMS Library Search软件内置NIST气相保留指数数据库和IMS迁移时间数据库对挥发性化合物进行比对定性,采用峰体积归一化法计算定性化合物的相对含量。
保留指数(Retention Index,RI)计算公式:
$ \rm RI = 100Z + 100 \times \frac{\lg t\text{'}_{R(x)} - \lg t\text{'}_{R(Z)}}{\lg t\text{'}_{R(Z+1)} - \lg t\text{'}_{R(Z)}} $
式中:Z为目标化合物(x)之前流出的正构烷烃的碳原子数;Z+1为目标化合物(x)之后流出的正构烷烃的碳原子数;t'R(x)为目标化合物的校正保留时间;t'R(Z)为碳数为Z的正构烷烃的校正保留时间;t'R(Z+1)为碳数为Z+1的正构烷烃的校正保留时间。
待测组分 i 相对含量(%)的计算公式:
$ \rm C_i(\text{%}) = \frac{V_i}{\sum V} \times 100 $
式中:Ci为待测组分 i 相对含量(%);Vᵢ为待测组分 i 的峰面积;ΣV为所有被检出的定性组分的峰面积之和。
选择年龄在20~30之间的食品专业的研究生,8名男生,8名女生经过感官培训后对样品进行感官评价,结果取平均值。具体感官评价标准如表1所示。
所有实验均采用五次平行,实验结果以平均值±标准差(SD)表示,用Microsoft Excel 2019进行数据统计;采用SPSS 20.0对数据进行显著性分析,差异显著水平为0.05;采用Origin 2018进行数据绘图。
F值指在某特定杀菌温度时的热力致死时间,可用于评价热杀菌过程的有效性,是国际通用的热力杀菌强度表述符号[19]。图1为不同温度下鱼羊鲜的传热曲线,从图1中适当扣除降温过程的F0值,可以反推出达到F0为12 min时所需的恒温杀菌时间,具体见表2。
根据GB 4789.26-2013《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验商业无菌检验》[20]要求,将不同杀菌温度-时间组合的鱼羊鲜样品放置在36±1 ℃的恒温培养箱中进行保温实验,观察其涨袋情况。贮藏结束后,产品未出现涨袋泄露现象,因此F0值为12 min时即可达到商业无菌要求。
参考GB 4789.26-2013《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验商业无菌检验》[20],将受到不同辐照剂量处理的鱼羊鲜样品通过保温试验进行商业无菌检验,确定是否为安全杀菌剂量,保证杀菌的有效性。
由表3可知,当样品辐照剂量大于等于9 kGy时,未发现涨袋现象,且符合商业无菌,从提高产品品质和节能的角度考虑,后续研究辐照均采用9 kGy进行杀菌处理。
不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜蛋白质和粗脂肪的影响见图2,相比于未杀菌组,高温高压杀菌组的脂肪含量和蛋白质含量显著减少(P<0.05),而辐照杀菌均无显著性变化(P>0.05)。这主要是因为高温杀菌使鱼羊鲜中的脂肪融化析出而造成损失[21],同时高温也加剧了脂肪氧化速率,促进了样品中的蛋白质受热分解生成小分子肽和游离氨基酸等物质[22],从而降低了脂肪含量和蛋白质含量。
相同杀菌强度下不同杀菌工艺粗蛋白含量也不尽相同,这进一步说明不同的杀菌工艺的温度、时间组合具有不同的热效应,而蛋白质在不同的温度时间组合中的变性程度不一样[23],且温度越高,蛋白质变性越剧烈,蛋白质的大分子发生了降解,蛋白质含量越低[24],而相比于辐照杀菌技术是较温和的冷杀菌方式,蛋白质的多级结构具有独特性,对低辐照剂量的辐照不敏感,受到高能量射线辐照后蛋白质的部分结构被破坏,但只限于物理性状,蛋白质辐照产物较少,所以对食品整体的蛋白质营养价值没有影响。辐照处理不会对鱼羊鲜的蛋白质和脂肪含量产生影响[25]。
脂肪氧化程度对产品风味影响较大,适度的脂肪氧化可以使肉制品生成醛、酮、酯等,增强肉香味,但过度的脂肪氧化会产生酸败味、哈喇味等,甚至会生成有害物质,比如氢过氧化物,影响食品品质[23,26]。图3为不同杀菌条件对鱼羊鲜TBARS含量的影响,由图可知,与未杀菌组相比,杀菌后的样品其TBARS含量均显著上升(P<0.05),这说明杀菌过程会促进脂肪氧化,且热杀菌杀菌强度一定时,不同杀菌温度对鱼羊鲜TBARS含量没有显著性影响(P>0.05),在高温短时杀菌和低温长时杀菌下鱼羊鲜表现出了相近的脂肪氧化程度,说明高温杀菌中,只要杀菌强度相同,即使温度和时间组合不同,温度对氧化的加速作用与时间的累积作用会相互抵消,最终导致鱼羊鲜脂肪氧化程度无显著性差异。辐照产生的自由基(如OH·)通过夺取脂质电子形成脂质过氧自由基(ROO·),后者进一步与氧气反应生成更多过氧化物,最终分解为丙二醛(MDA)等产物,导致TBARS值增加[27]。
不同处理对鱼羊鲜中游离氨基酸含量的影响如表4所示,5组样品中均检测到20种游离氨基酸。由表4可知,不同杀菌处理组间游离氨基酸含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中游离氨基酸总含量高温杀菌组>辐照杀菌组,而鲜味氨基酸含量辐照杀菌组>高温杀菌组。在高温杀菌中,羊肉中溶解出的蛋白质在高温下开始分解,释放出氨基酸融于汤中,使得鱼羊鲜汤中氨基酸含量较高。而辐照杀菌过程中,支链氨基酸(Leu、Ile、Lys)、含硫氨基酸(Met)和带醇羟基的氨基酸(Ser、Thr、Tyr)对辐照敏感,更容易受辐照的影响发生显著降解[28]。AHN等[29]通过对单体氨基酸进行辐照实验研究发现脂肪族的lle、Leu和Val是所有非含硫氨基酸中最容易受辐照影响的氨基酸,辐照能促使它们发生Strecker降解反应,分别形成2-甲基-丁醛、3-甲基-丁醛以及2-甲基丙醛;其次是脂肪族羟基氨基酸Ser和Thr,它们经过辐照后会形成大量的乙醛和丙醛。因此,总体来说,辐照杀菌后其游离氨基酸总量小于高温高压杀菌组,但是辐照过程中也适当地加速了一些低分子蛋白质和多肽类化合物中氢键的断裂使其分解,使附着在蛋白质上的游离氨基酸进一步被分离下来,从而更容易溶于水中,可能使得其鲜味氨基酸比例有所增加[30]。
在相同杀菌强度下,不同杀菌条件下鱼羊鲜的氨基酸含量也有所区别。121 ℃组的游离氨基酸总含量显著高于115 ℃组和118 ℃组(P<0.05),为3181.88 mg/L,且121 ℃组和118 ℃组的鲜味氨基酸总含量均显著高于115 ℃组(P<0.05),分别为27.58、26.96 mg/L。这可能是由于杀菌过程中羊肉中的部分鲜味物质发生了迁移,融入汤中,从而使汤滋味物质含量有所增加,且高温杀菌会使蛋白质构象发生改变,促进了蛋白质和肽类的水解生成风味物质或风味前体物质[31]。总体来说,游离氨基酸的增加或减少取决于其形成和降解量的比率,高温短时杀菌更有利于鱼羊鲜氨基酸的保留。在高温杀菌初始阶段,羊肉中溶解出的蛋白质在高温下开始分解,释放出氨基酸,氨基酸态氮含量逐渐增加,随着杀菌时间的延长,汤中不仅含有蛋白质分解产生的氨基酸,而且氨基酸在高温下会发生Amadori重排和Strecker降解等一系列化学反应[32],使得氨基酸在生成的同时也在部分减少,这说明杀菌时间过长会导致鱼羊鲜整体滋味变差,因此提高杀菌温度、缩短杀菌时间更有利于鱼羊鲜汤营养品质的保留。
由表5可得,与空白组相比,鱼羊鲜汤经高温和辐照杀菌后其呈味核苷酸总含量、IMP及UMP含量均显著减少(P<0.05),而AMP含量均显著增加(P<0.05)。经过辐照杀菌后,鱼羊鲜的IMP含量下降了39.81%,这可能由于辐照处理可显著激活磷酸酯酶及核苷水解酶的催化活性,加速IMP的脱磷酸化反应进程[33],其含量减少;而在高温杀菌时,呈味核苷酸在热力学体系中呈现较低的稳定性阈值,其分子结构在加工条件下易发生热诱导降解[34],IMP含量会降低。而AMP含量的增加主要与ATP降解途径有关,即在杀菌过程中鱼羊鲜的ATP以ATP→ADP→AMP→IMP→HxR→Hx途径转化[35],高温或辐照可能导致肌肉细胞中IMP和GMP的释放,而IMP在代谢中可转化为AMP或GMP[36],这可能是杀菌会导致鱼羊鲜的AMP含量出现增加的主要原因。
滋味成分往往不是单独存在,滋味物质间的协同增效作用是影响鱼羊鲜鲜度的关键[26]。每种氨基酸对食物的味道都有不同程度的影响。虽然单个氨基酸本身没有强烈的味道,但在其他化合物的存在下,它们的味道会增强,例如核苷酸或无机盐。在各种味觉相互作用中,最突出的是谷氨酸与IMP或GMP混合后的鲜味增强,这可以通过EUC值的增加来体现。由表5可知,鱼羊鲜经过杀菌处理后其鲜度显著下降,其中辐照杀菌组的EUC值相较于其他杀菌组最高,为13.05 mg MSG/g(相较于空白组仅下降29.82%),表明其协同增鲜作用最强;其次为118 ℃/30 min组,为10.74 mg MSG/g;而115 ℃/42 min组的EUC值最小,仅为6.37 mg MSG/g,表明其协同增鲜作用最弱。
电子舌系列智能味觉系统是根据人工传感器脂质膜的膜电位变化来确定基本的味觉感官指标,通常认为酸味值>−13,咸味值>−6,鲜味、回味和涩味值>0是有味道的[37]。如表6所示,四种杀菌条件下鱼羊鲜的酸味、涩味和回味A响应值未在范围内,对整体滋味贡献不大,苦味、咸味响应值无显著性差异(P>0.05),而其鲜度、丰富性以及回味B的响应值差异显著(P<0.05)。对照组的鲜味、丰富性以及回味B的响应值显著高于杀菌组。鲜味响应值的变化可能与呈味氨基酸和呈味核苷酸含量的变化有关。综上,杀菌会引起鱼羊鲜滋味物质的变化,尤其是高温杀菌后对鲜味和丰富度的影响较大。
为鉴定鱼羊鲜的挥发性成分,探究不同杀菌条件下鱼羊鲜汤风味差异性,采用GC-IMS技术对五组样品的挥发性成分进行分析。图4表示5种样品的总挥发性有机物在二维谱图上的概况。结果发现,大部分信号出现在200~800 s的保留时间和1.00~1.80 ms的迁移时间内。5种鱼羊鲜汤样品中的挥发性风味物质的出峰位置、峰数量大致相同,但峰强表现出一定的变化,表明不同杀菌条件下鱼羊鲜汤所含挥发性风味物质存在差异。
由图5可知,在A区域中,辛酸甲酯、正辛醛、庚醛、乙酸乙酯等在115 ℃/42 min、118 ℃/30 min杀菌条件下含量较多,其中正辛醛具有脂肪香气,庚醛具有强烈油脂味,均能很好地保持鱼羊鲜的香气。3-壬酮等在121 ℃/11 min杀菌条件下含量较多。在B区域中,2-甲基丁酸甲酯、异戊醇、正丁醛、2-甲基丁醛等在辐照杀菌条件下含量较多,其中丁醛、2-甲基丁醛、异戊醇等呈现出特有的刺激性气味,使得样品有轻微“辐照味”。AHN等[29]研究发现辐照不仅会产生一些新的挥发性化合物(如二甲基二硫、巯基甲烷、正丁醛等),还会降解肉中已存在的挥发性成分,这些挥发性化合物的变化与肉品的风味有着密切联系。何立超等[28]研究发现蛋白质中含硫及支链氨基酸(半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸等)对辐照较为敏感,其氧化降解生成的含硫化合物、支链醛等挥发性风味物质,如二甲基二硫化物、2-甲基丁醛等被报道通常具有腐臭等不好的气味特征[34]。
利用GC-IMS方法对不同杀菌条件鱼羊鲜汤样品进行挥发性化合物检测及定性定量分析。如表7所示,在5组样品中共检出40种挥发性物质,分别是醛类9种、酮类8种、醇类11种、酯类9种、其他类3种。不同杀菌条件的鱼羊鲜汤挥发性风味物质在含量上发生较大变化。由表7可知,醛类和醇类是构成鱼羊鲜汤风味主体的关键,其中相对含量最高的风味化合物是醛类、醇类化合物,醛类化合物在空白组中相对含量为32.00%,经过杀菌处理后,其醛类化合物相对含量均上升。醛类物质通常具有低阈值和强烈的油脂、青草或者果香气,其含量的普遍升高,尤其是辐照处理后(提高了6.29%),可能与脂质氧化程度的加剧密切相关。例如己醛(青草味、油脂味),壬醛(脂肪味、黄瓜味)等特定醛类的增加,可能会增加产品“脂香”特征[38],但过量会带来油脂氧化异味。同时,醇类物质作为含量另一重要组成成分,其种类和含量也不容忽视。尽管醇类气味的阈值通常较高,对风味的贡献不如醛类,但其含量波动也会参与塑造产品整体风味轮廓。与醛类的变化趋势相反,辐照处理后的样品酮类相对含量出现下降(下降了2.69%)。酮类一般呈现奶油味、果香或者奶酪风味[39]。这可能是辐照处理提供的能量促进了某些酮类物质进一步发生转化,生成了更多的其他小分子物质[40]。酮类物质的减少和醛类物质的增加,可能共同指示了辐照处理引导了风味代谢路径向特定方向进行。
综上所述,杀菌处理,特别是辐照杀菌,导致鱼羊鲜挥发性风味化合物构成的显著重构。其核心的特征是醛类物质的富集和酮类物质的消减。这种风味轮廓从“醇厚、丰满”向“强烈、尖锐”的转变,可能是导致辐照杀菌组产品在感官评分中接受度较低的重要原因之一。
感官评分是从色泽、气味、滋味、羊肉质构以及整体接受度五个方面对杀菌后的鱼羊鲜进行的综合评价。不同杀菌方式下产品感官得分见图6。气味得分方面,辐照杀菌组得分最低,这可能是因为辐照处理会诱导鱼羊鲜中的脂肪产生大量的脂质自由基,使其发生氧化,产生令人不愉快的气味,AHN等[29]研究也同样发现不同辐照剂量处理猪肉馅饼,都会产生明显与脂肪氧化不同的异味。滋味得分方面,相比于空白组,杀菌后样品的滋味均有所破坏,且由于辐照样品有明显的“辐照异味”,滋味得分最低,而118 ℃/30 min组口感醇厚,香味较浓,滋味得分较高。羊肉质构方面,辐照杀菌对羊肉质构破坏最小,能更好地保持羊肉的口感,而高温杀菌导致羊肉质构被破坏,口感变差,咀嚼度下降,115 ℃/42 min组羊肉质构得分最低,说明较长时间杀菌对羊肉质构破坏较大。感官总分来看,118 ℃/30 min组总分最高为79分,其次为121 ℃/11 min,得分75分,辐照组为71分,115 ℃/42 min得分最低,为67分。综上可知,辐照杀菌能更好保持羊肉质构特性,而低温短时杀菌对鱼羊鲜产品品质损失严重,118 ℃/30 min组感官综合得分最高。
本研究基于等效杀菌强度(F0=12),系统比较了辐照杀菌和高温高压杀菌对鱼羊鲜产品风味品质的影响机制。首先明确了不同杀菌技术的风味调控机制的局限性,辐照杀菌(9 kGy)最大程度保留蛋白质、脂肪等基础营养成分及鲜味(EUC仅下降29.82%),且其可显著增加醛类化合物的含量(上升了6.29%),但这也证实了辐照处理会加速脂肪氧化,并诱导产生丁醛、2-甲基丁醛等典型的辐照异味物质。这些物质虽然贡献了部分“脂香”,但过量则直接导致了感官评定中出现“辐照异味”,成为感官评分显著降低的关键原因,制约了该技术在高端风味敏感型产品的应用潜力。而高温高压杀菌的风味效果则高度依赖工艺参数的精准匹配,115 ℃/42 min的低温长时工艺因关键风味物质(IMP、鲜味氨基酸)的严重损失,导致其风味品质下降严重。其次,通过工艺参数优化,证实了118 ℃/30 min的高温高压杀菌方案是实现鱼羊鲜杀菌效率与风味品质协同提升的最佳选择。该工艺不仅能有效保障食品安全,更能促进风味前体物质的适度转化与保留,使产品EUC值为10.74 mg MSG/g,并获得了较高的感官接受度,为解决同类高蛋白、富含鲜味产品的热加工风味控制难题提供了关键技术参数。总体来说,本研究确立了118 ℃/30 min工艺虽然为当前最优的热杀菌方案,但仍属于传统热加工范畴,其对热敏感风味物质的潜在损失尚未根本解决。未来研究需进一步关注非热杀菌技术或与其温和热处理的组合策略,以期在根本上突破热效应对风味物质的破坏,为开发更高品质的方便食品提供新路径。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080028
  • 接收时间:2025-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11
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    1大连工业大学食品学院,辽宁大连 116034
    2大连中核辐射技术有限公司,辽宁大连 116034
    3海洋食品加工与安全控制全国重点实验室,辽宁大连 116034
    4海洋食品精深加工关键技术省部共建协同创新中心,辽宁大连 116034
    5国家海洋食品工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连 116034

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傅宝尚(1989−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品资源开发与综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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