Article(id=1320881168627643010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090360, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760025600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852211386, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852211386, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852211386, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852211386, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=244, endPage=252, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881168988353155, articleId=1320881168627643010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Rational Design for Improved Enzymatic Activity and Thermostability of Streptococcus troglodytae Fructosyltransferase, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, a novel fructosyltransferase (StFFase) was screened from Streptococcus troglodytae through gene mining. The enzyme was then engineered via computer-aided rational design to improve both its catalytic efficiency and thermostability. Based on EVCoupling predictions and experimental validation, three mutants (D104E, I232S, and S684P) with significantly enhanced enzymatic activity were selected from potential candidates. Their enzymatic activities were 2.20, 2.65, and 1.53 times that of the wild-type, respectively. Notably, the I232S mutant maintained high relative enzyme activity over a temperature range of 40~70 ℃, and its half-life at 50 ℃ was extended to 6.60 h, demonstrating superior thermostability. Kinetic analysis revealed that the I232S mutant exhibited improved affinity for the substrate sucrose, with the Km value decreasing to 171 mmol/L, and a significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, a conversion rate of 42.17% for 1-kestose was achieved using this mutant under conditions of 50% sucrose concentration (w/w) and an enzyme dosage of 15 U/g sucrose. Structural simulations revealed that the mutations improved catalytic performance and thermostability by eliminating electrostatic repulsion (D104E), forming new hydrogen bonds (I232S), and stabilizing β-turn conformations (S684P). This study provides a new strategy for the rational design of fructosyltransferases and highlights the potential of the engineered enzyme for industrial fructooligosaccharide production.

, authors=Mengli LI1, Liuhao ZHANG1, Xueyan HAN1, Jiawei YAO1, Tao ZHANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Mengli LI, Liuhao ZHANG, Xueyan HAN, Jiawei YAO, Tao ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tao ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881172633203350, articleId=1320881168627643010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=理性设计提高Streptococcus troglodytae果糖基转移酶的酶活力及热稳定性, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究通过基因挖掘技术筛选出一种穴居链球菌(Streptococcus troglodytae)来源的新型果糖基转移酶(StFFase),采用计算机辅助理性设计对其进行分子改造研究,以提升其催化活力及热稳定性。基于EVCoupling预测及实验验证,从潜在突变体中筛选出三个酶活显著提升的突变体:D104E、I232S和S684P,其酶活力分别为野生型的2.20、2.65和1.53倍。特别地,I232S在40~70 ℃范围内均保持较高的相对酶活,在50 ℃下的半衰期延长至6.60 h,表现出优异的热稳定性。动力学分析显示,I232S对底物蔗糖的亲和力提高(Km降低至171 mmol/L),催化效率显著增强。此外,该突变体在50%蔗糖浓度(w/w)及15 U/g蔗糖加酶量条件下,蔗果三糖转化率达42.17%。结构模拟表明,突变通过消除静电排斥(D104E)、形成新氢键(I232S)及稳定β-转角构象(S684P),增强了酶的催化性能与热稳定性。本研究为果糖基转移酶的理性设计提供了新策略,并凸显了其在果寡糖工业化生产中的应用潜力。

, authors=李梦丽1, 张刘浩1, 韩学艳1, 姚佳微1, 张涛1, 2, *, authorsList=李梦丽, 张刘浩, 韩学艳, 姚佳微, 张涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张涛, authorNote=

李梦丽(1993−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张涛(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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注:a:系统进化树;b:果糖基转移酶的序列结构组成。

, figureFileSmall=rtobT840PBjHm7Dn+oLMYg==, figureFileBig=8q58at2eN04lYrLpdFjpZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881629841707340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Computer-assisted selection of mutation sites and primary screening of mutants, figureFileSmall=FDrU9jjaTaVE03jf9m2Tbg==, figureFileBig=A+pMTGWZlPBTrBL75QixsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881629917204813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=CN, label=图3, caption=计算机辅助突变位点的选择及突变体初筛

注:a:突变热图;b:突变体酶活测定;不同字母表示同一指标间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=FDrU9jjaTaVE03jf9m2Tbg==, figureFileBig=A+pMTGWZlPBTrBL75QixsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881629996896590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Optimal temperature and thermal stability of StFFase and the mutants, figureFileSmall=LBUiOFD1yz6VSZgMG1R6hw==, figureFileBig=JBYhEa6qCH5Rn8v4Shytvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630076588367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=CN, label=图4, caption=StFFase及突变体的最适温度及温度稳定性

注:a:最适温度;b:温度稳定性(50 ℃);c:温度稳定性(60 ℃);d:温度稳定性(70 ℃)。

, figureFileSmall=LBUiOFD1yz6VSZgMG1R6hw==, figureFileBig=JBYhEa6qCH5Rn8v4Shytvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630181445968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Influence of pH and metal ions on StFFase and mutants, figureFileSmall=VeBRXScrAYWAxHb07oU/JQ==, figureFileBig=ypePEr2IIzXfoztCeKQxRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630273720657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=CN, label=图5, caption=pH及金属离子对StFFase及突变体的影响

注:a:最适pH;b:金属离子;不同字母表示同一指标间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=VeBRXScrAYWAxHb07oU/JQ==, figureFileBig=ypePEr2IIzXfoztCeKQxRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630353412434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Ramachandran plot of predicted protein structure of StFFase, figureFileSmall=emxwFrpxzAGSQHfW1ucZuA==, figureFileBig=wRDVO0F7JCWvv/lWI/NQqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630428909907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=CN, label=图6, caption=StFFase结构模型的拉式构象图

注:a:蛋白总体拉氏图;b:甘氨酸拉氏图;c:脯氨酸二面角分布情况;d:脯氨酸前一个残基的二面角分布情况。

, figureFileSmall=emxwFrpxzAGSQHfW1ucZuA==, figureFileBig=wRDVO0F7JCWvv/lWI/NQqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630512795988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Three-dimensional structure prediction and molecular docking of StFFase, figureFileSmall=elZhMIa54/0iy6xD+mTUuA==, figureFileBig=gkIB/qxk3iPDFR0h0hOq5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630579904853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=CN, label=图7, caption=StFFase的三维结构预测与分子对接

注:a:StFFase与模板结构重叠;b:StFFase与蔗糖的分子对接,蔗糖以橙色棍棒模型显示,蔗糖与周围有相互作用的残基用蓝色棍棒模型显示,氢键以黄色虚线显示,盐桥以粉色虚线显示;c:突变前位点示意图;d:突变后位点示意图。

, figureFileSmall=elZhMIa54/0iy6xD+mTUuA==, figureFileBig=gkIB/qxk3iPDFR0h0hOq5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630642819414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Changes in site interaction forces before and after mutation, figureFileSmall=ZVrmgiJ73vjw/1Fxczuyog==, figureFileBig=E8KcjnTrkVMSAtduGyyg7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630718316887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=CN, label=图8, caption=突变前后位点相互作用力变化

注:a:突变前D104作用力变化;b:突变后E104作用力变化;c:突变前I232作用力变化;d:突变后S232作用力变化;e:突变前S684作用力变化;f:突变后P684作用力变化。野生型和突变型残基分别用红色和紫色棍棒模型显示,与周围有相互作用的残基用蓝色棍棒模型显示,氢键以黄色虚线显示,疏水相互作用以灰色虚线显示。

, figureFileSmall=ZVrmgiJ73vjw/1Fxczuyog==, figureFileBig=E8KcjnTrkVMSAtduGyyg7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630785425752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Time courses of enzymatic synthesis of 1-kestose from sucrose by the mutant I232S, figureFileSmall=imccpZUW2DFDAr2VDo+c+Q==, figureFileBig=Na9Fk28zS1EbZtRRYwDWLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630881894745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=CN, label=图9, caption=突变体I232S催化蔗糖生成蔗果三糖的转化过程, figureFileSmall=imccpZUW2DFDAr2VDo+c+Q==, figureFileBig=Na9Fk28zS1EbZtRRYwDWLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881630986752346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Design of mutant plasmid primers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物序列(5’—3’)
D104E_FGACCAACgaaAAAGCGAAGGCGAGCAAAGAGA
D104E_RTCGCTTTttcGTTGGTCTGACCTACTTCAGAGGTG
H165T_FGGTaccCAGATGACCTACCAGGAGTTTGATAA
H165T_RTAGGTCATCTGggtACCGGTCTGTGCGTCAGAGG
Q170K_FCCAGATGACCTACaaaGAGTTTGATAAAATCGC
TCAGACCC
Q170K_RCtttGTAGGTCATCTGGTGACCGGTCTGTGCG
I232S_FCGAAGTTagcAACTGGAACGGCTACCAACTGG
I232S_RTCCAGTTgctAACTTCGCCGGTTTTAGCATCT
I232A_FCGAAGTTgcgAACTGGAACGGCTACCAACTGG
I232A_RTCCAGTTcgcAACTTCGCCGGTTTTAGCATCT
I232V_FCGAAGTTgtgAACTGGAACGGCTACCAACTGG
I232V_RTCCAGTTcacAACTTCGCCGGTTTTAGCATCT
E295K_FTAACaaaGATGGCTCCCTGCAGCTGTTCTACA
E295K_RGGGAGCCATCtttGTTAACAGTTGCGGAACCGG
E295S_FTGTTAACagcGATGGCTCCCTGCAGCTGTTCT
E295S_RAGCCATCgctGTTAACAGTTGCGGAACCGGAC
L299I_FTGGCTCCattCAGCTGTTCTACACCAAGGTCG
L299I_RACAGCTGaatGGAGCCATCTTCGTTAACAGTTG
V323L_FACTGCAACCctgAACCTGGGTTTCGACGATCA
V323L_RAGGTTcagGGTTGCAGTTGCCAGACGTTGGTT
K381D_FAGACGAAgatGGCGATCGTTACCTGGTTTTCG
K381D_RGATCGCCatcTTCGTCTTCAATCACGTGCGGG
K381N_FAGACGAAaacGGCGATCGTTACCTGGTTTTCG
K381N_RGATCGCCgttTTCGTCTTCAATCACGTGCGGG
K449E_FGGTGACgaaAAAACTCCAGAAGTTGATCAATTTTATAC
K449E_RGGAGTTTTttcGTCACCTTTCAGTTTCAGAATGCC
T465P_FGTCTAGCccgATGGTGAGCGATGAACTGGAAC
T465P_RTCACCATcggGCTAGACAGCAGCGGGGTATAA
Q520N_FATCCGATaacCTGACCAACGGTTACAAACCGC
Q520N_RTGGTCAGgttATCGGATACGTAACCCAGCATG
Q520S_FATCCGATagcCTGACCAACGGTTACAAACCGC
Q520S_RTGGTCAGgctATCGGATACGTAACCCAGCATG
N523S_FCTGACCagcGGTTACAAACCGCTGAACAACTC
N523S_RTTGTAACCgctGGTCAGCTGATCGGATACGTAAC
N523G_FTGACCggcGGTTACAAACCGCTGAACAACTCC
N523G_RTTTGTAACCgccGGTCAGCTGATCGGATACGTAAC
M564V_FTCTGCTGgtgACTGCTTATATGACTAACCGCAACG
M564V_RAAGCAGTcacCAGCAGAGTGTCAGAAGAGCCC
M654I_FACTCCGGGCattTACCAGCCAACCGTACCTTCTAC
M654I_RTGGTAaatGCCCGGAGTATGCGGTTTCAGGCC
S684P_FCTGGTTATCAAAccgGTAAAAGTGAACAACAA
CGACTCTGC
S684P_RACcggTTTGATAACCAGATGACCGTCGAAGGA
), ArticleFig(id=1320881631074832731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

突变质粒引物设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物序列(5’—3’)
D104E_FGACCAACgaaAAAGCGAAGGCGAGCAAAGAGA
D104E_RTCGCTTTttcGTTGGTCTGACCTACTTCAGAGGTG
H165T_FGGTaccCAGATGACCTACCAGGAGTTTGATAA
H165T_RTAGGTCATCTGggtACCGGTCTGTGCGTCAGAGG
Q170K_FCCAGATGACCTACaaaGAGTTTGATAAAATCGC
TCAGACCC
Q170K_RCtttGTAGGTCATCTGGTGACCGGTCTGTGCG
I232S_FCGAAGTTagcAACTGGAACGGCTACCAACTGG
I232S_RTCCAGTTgctAACTTCGCCGGTTTTAGCATCT
I232A_FCGAAGTTgcgAACTGGAACGGCTACCAACTGG
I232A_RTCCAGTTcgcAACTTCGCCGGTTTTAGCATCT
I232V_FCGAAGTTgtgAACTGGAACGGCTACCAACTGG
I232V_RTCCAGTTcacAACTTCGCCGGTTTTAGCATCT
E295K_FTAACaaaGATGGCTCCCTGCAGCTGTTCTACA
E295K_RGGGAGCCATCtttGTTAACAGTTGCGGAACCGG
E295S_FTGTTAACagcGATGGCTCCCTGCAGCTGTTCT
E295S_RAGCCATCgctGTTAACAGTTGCGGAACCGGAC
L299I_FTGGCTCCattCAGCTGTTCTACACCAAGGTCG
L299I_RACAGCTGaatGGAGCCATCTTCGTTAACAGTTG
V323L_FACTGCAACCctgAACCTGGGTTTCGACGATCA
V323L_RAGGTTcagGGTTGCAGTTGCCAGACGTTGGTT
K381D_FAGACGAAgatGGCGATCGTTACCTGGTTTTCG
K381D_RGATCGCCatcTTCGTCTTCAATCACGTGCGGG
K381N_FAGACGAAaacGGCGATCGTTACCTGGTTTTCG
K381N_RGATCGCCgttTTCGTCTTCAATCACGTGCGGG
K449E_FGGTGACgaaAAAACTCCAGAAGTTGATCAATTTTATAC
K449E_RGGAGTTTTttcGTCACCTTTCAGTTTCAGAATGCC
T465P_FGTCTAGCccgATGGTGAGCGATGAACTGGAAC
T465P_RTCACCATcggGCTAGACAGCAGCGGGGTATAA
Q520N_FATCCGATaacCTGACCAACGGTTACAAACCGC
Q520N_RTGGTCAGgttATCGGATACGTAACCCAGCATG
Q520S_FATCCGATagcCTGACCAACGGTTACAAACCGC
Q520S_RTGGTCAGgctATCGGATACGTAACCCAGCATG
N523S_FCTGACCagcGGTTACAAACCGCTGAACAACTC
N523S_RTTGTAACCgctGGTCAGCTGATCGGATACGTAAC
N523G_FTGACCggcGGTTACAAACCGCTGAACAACTCC
N523G_RTTTGTAACCgccGGTCAGCTGATCGGATACGTAAC
M564V_FTCTGCTGgtgACTGCTTATATGACTAACCGCAACG
M564V_RAAGCAGTcacCAGCAGAGTGTCAGAAGAGCCC
M654I_FACTCCGGGCattTACCAGCCAACCGTACCTTCTAC
M654I_RTGGTAaatGCCCGGAGTATGCGGTTTCAGGCC
S684P_FCTGGTTATCAAAccgGTAAAAGTGAACAACAA
CGACTCTGC
S684P_RACcggTTTGATAACCAGATGACCGTCGAAGGA
), ArticleFig(id=1320881631154524508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Kinetic parameters of the StFFase and mutants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
酶名称Km(mmol/L)kcat(s−1)kcat/Km(mmol/L/s)
StFFase221±9a2348±17d10.62
D104E190±7bc2457±19b12.93
I232S171±11c2869±23a16.70
S684P196±9b2399±14c12.24
), ArticleFig(id=1320881631250993501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881168627643010, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

野生型StFFase及突变体的动力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
酶名称Km(mmol/L)kcat(s−1)kcat/Km(mmol/L/s)
StFFase221±9a2348±17d10.62
D104E190±7bc2457±19b12.93
I232S171±11c2869±23a16.70
S684P196±9b2399±14c12.24
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理性设计提高Streptococcus troglodytae果糖基转移酶的酶活力及热稳定性
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李梦丽 1 , 张刘浩 1 , 韩学艳 1 , 姚佳微 1 , 张涛 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(17): 244-252
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (17) : 244 -252
理性设计提高Streptococcus troglodytae果糖基转移酶的酶活力及热稳定性
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李梦丽1 , 张刘浩1, 韩学艳1, 姚佳微1, 张涛1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122
  • 2山东省功能糖生物制备与应用技术重点实验室,江苏无锡 214122
通讯作者:
张涛(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李梦丽(1993−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

Rational Design for Improved Enzymatic Activity and Thermostability of Streptococcus troglodytae Fructosyltransferase
Mengli LI1 , Liuhao ZHANG1, Xueyan HAN1, Jiawei YAO1, Tao ZHANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 2Shandong Key Laboratory of Biological Preparation and Application Technology for Functional Glycomics, Wuxi 214122, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090360
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本研究通过基因挖掘技术筛选出一种穴居链球菌(Streptococcus troglodytae)来源的新型果糖基转移酶(StFFase),采用计算机辅助理性设计对其进行分子改造研究,以提升其催化活力及热稳定性。基于EVCoupling预测及实验验证,从潜在突变体中筛选出三个酶活显著提升的突变体:D104E、I232S和S684P,其酶活力分别为野生型的2.20、2.65和1.53倍。特别地,I232S在40~70 ℃范围内均保持较高的相对酶活,在50 ℃下的半衰期延长至6.60 h,表现出优异的热稳定性。动力学分析显示,I232S对底物蔗糖的亲和力提高(Km降低至171 mmol/L),催化效率显著增强。此外,该突变体在50%蔗糖浓度(w/w)及15 U/g蔗糖加酶量条件下,蔗果三糖转化率达42.17%。结构模拟表明,突变通过消除静电排斥(D104E)、形成新氢键(I232S)及稳定β-转角构象(S684P),增强了酶的催化性能与热稳定性。本研究为果糖基转移酶的理性设计提供了新策略,并凸显了其在果寡糖工业化生产中的应用潜力。

果糖基转移酶  /  理性设计  /  酶活力  /  热稳定性  /  结构解析  /  蔗果三糖

In this study, a novel fructosyltransferase (StFFase) was screened from Streptococcus troglodytae through gene mining. The enzyme was then engineered via computer-aided rational design to improve both its catalytic efficiency and thermostability. Based on EVCoupling predictions and experimental validation, three mutants (D104E, I232S, and S684P) with significantly enhanced enzymatic activity were selected from potential candidates. Their enzymatic activities were 2.20, 2.65, and 1.53 times that of the wild-type, respectively. Notably, the I232S mutant maintained high relative enzyme activity over a temperature range of 40~70 ℃, and its half-life at 50 ℃ was extended to 6.60 h, demonstrating superior thermostability. Kinetic analysis revealed that the I232S mutant exhibited improved affinity for the substrate sucrose, with the Km value decreasing to 171 mmol/L, and a significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, a conversion rate of 42.17% for 1-kestose was achieved using this mutant under conditions of 50% sucrose concentration (w/w) and an enzyme dosage of 15 U/g sucrose. Structural simulations revealed that the mutations improved catalytic performance and thermostability by eliminating electrostatic repulsion (D104E), forming new hydrogen bonds (I232S), and stabilizing β-turn conformations (S684P). This study provides a new strategy for the rational design of fructosyltransferases and highlights the potential of the engineered enzyme for industrial fructooligosaccharide production.

fructosyltransferase  /  rational design  /  enzyme activity  /  thermostability  /  structural analysis  /  1-kestose
李梦丽, 张刘浩, 韩学艳, 姚佳微, 张涛. 理性设计提高Streptococcus troglodytae果糖基转移酶的酶活力及热稳定性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 244 -252 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090360
Mengli LI, Liuhao ZHANG, Xueyan HAN, Jiawei YAO, Tao ZHANG. Rational Design for Improved Enzymatic Activity and Thermostability of Streptococcus troglodytae Fructosyltransferase[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 244 -252 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090360
果糖基转移酶(Fructosyltransferase,FFase,EC 2.4.1.9)是一类催化果糖基转移反应的关键酶系,在自然界碳源代谢、功能性碳水化合物合成及生物抗逆响应中扮演核心角色[1]。该类酶通过水解蔗糖释放果糖基,并将其转移至受体分子如蔗糖,生成低聚果糖(Fructooligosaccharides,FOS)和果聚糖聚合物[2]。这些FOS包含蔗果三糖(GF2)、蔗果四糖(GF3)、蔗果五糖(GF4)等。FOS作为低热量、非消化性膳食纤维,已被全球多国认证为安全功能性配料(如美国FDA的GRAS认证、欧盟EFSA健康声称),其益生元特性可促进双歧杆菌增殖,并赋予宿主抗糖尿病、降血脂、免疫调节、抗龋齿及肠道微生态平衡等多重健康益处,被欧洲学者誉为“感觉愉快因子”[3−5]。
目前,利用酶生物催化技术,以蔗糖为底物合成FOS,被视为提升FOS产量的一条高效策略。近年来,针对果糖基转移酶的酶源发掘工作已逐步深入,多种细菌来源的果糖基转移酶已被成功克隆与表征,例如罗伊氏乳杆菌121(Lactobacillus reuteri 121)[6]、解淀粉欧文氏菌(Erwinia amylovora)[7]、运动假单胞菌(Zymomonas mobilis)[8]、布雷氏菌属(Brenneria sp. EniD312)[9]以及解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)[10]等。已报道的FFase的适应范围较宽,介于20~65 ℃之间。例如,Bacillus sp. TH4-2来源的FFase最适温度为60 ℃[11],而Z. mobilis来源的FFase最适温度最低,仅为23 ℃[8]。近期从Pseudomonas orientalis中筛选获得的FFase在65 ℃时仍表现出最大酶活,显著高于大多数已报道的FFase[12]。在pH适应性方面,大多数FFase在弱酸性区间(pH5.0~6.5)活性较高,但部分酶亦表现出一定的碱性耐受能力。例如,来源于Bacillus aryabhattai GYC2-3的FFase在pH8.0时表现出最高酶活力[13];同样,Bacillus licheniformis来源的FFase在pH8.0达到最适催化活性[14],而Bacillus subtilis NRC16的FFase在pH8.2时显示出最大相对酶活[15]。在酶活力方面,野生型FFase生产菌株的产酶能力普遍有限,初步筛选所得菌株往往酶产量低、催化活力不足,严重制约FOS的工业化生产进程。因此,进一步挖掘更多高性能的新型FFase资源,并借助酶工程手段提升其催化效率与稳定性,对于突破该酶的技术瓶颈、深入解析其催化机制以及推动其工业应用,具有重要的研究意义与实用价值。
本研究通过基因挖掘筛选出一种S. troglodytae来源的果糖基转移酶,并采用计算机辅助理性设计对其进行分子改造,以提升酶活力和热稳定性。对所得突变体的酶活性与生化性质进行表征,并基于结构预测分析酶活提升的机制。该研究为酶的理性设计提供了有效策略,并阐明了突变体在蔗果三糖工业化生产中的应用潜力。
限制性内切酶、质粒提取试剂盒、胶回收试剂盒、PCR高保真酶、无缝克隆试剂盒、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒 南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;E. coli DH5α感受态细胞、E. coli BL21(DE3)细胞 生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖 色谱纯,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;引物合成及质粒测序 天霖生物科技(无锡)有限公司;其他所有化学品均为国药集团化学试剂有限公司(中国上海)。
T100 PCR仪、Wide Mini-sub cell GT核酸电泳仪 美国伯乐公司;Scientz-IID细胞破碎机 新芝生物科技有限公司;Centrifuge 5804R高速冷冻离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;GI54DWS立式高压灭菌锅 厦门致微仪器有限公司;BI-150A恒温培养箱 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;Sepax HP-Amino色谱柱 苏州赛分科技股份有限公司;Waters 2695高效液相色谱仪 上海沃特世(Waters)科技有限公司。
借助Enzyme Miner在线服务器(https://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/enzymeminer/custom-sequences)进行基因挖掘。以已报道Bacillus subtilis(WP153256516.1)来源的FFase序列为探针,将关键催化残基(Asp-Asp-Glu)作为过滤条件,去排除检索结果中关键氨基酸不匹配的序列。最后综合考虑预测蛋白与模板的相似度(设为30%~80%)、预测蛋白的可溶性(阈值设为>0.5)以及微生物来源等因素,筛选了10种来源的FFase进行基因表达和发酵酶活力测定,选取高酶活力来源的FFase进行分子改造研究。
利用在线服务器EVCoupling(https://v2.evcouplings.org/)进行突变预测,将来源于S. troglodytae的果糖基转移酶的氨基酸序列进行进化偶联分析,以评估点突变对StFFase折叠自由能(ΔΔG)的影响。ΔΔG≥0.5 kcal·mol−1(ΔΔG=ΔG野生型−ΔG突变型)的氨基酸被确定为潜在的突变位点。
将1.2.1中筛选的突变点进行突变质粒构建。通过一步法PCR反应实现定点突变,采用表1中互补的寡核苷酸序列引物。重组质粒pET-22b-StFFase委托天霖生物科技(无锡)有限公司合成。质粒pET-22b-StFFase被用作突变模板。PCR循环参数设置和程序遵循Mut Express Universal Fast Mutagenesis Kit产品的说明。为去除甲基化模板质粒,纯化的PCR产物进行Dpn I消化,置于37 ℃恒温反应30 min。线性质粒经重组环化后转化至E. coli DH5α感受态细胞。经抗性筛选获得的阳性转化子需进行DNA测序以确认突变准确性。验证后的突变质粒被转化到E. coli BL21(DE3)细胞中,通过氨苄青霉素(浓度为100 μg/mL)筛选获得突变体菌株。
将1.2.2中构建的突变体菌株在LB液体试管中37 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜,获得种子液。将种子液以3%(v/v)的接种量接入LB培养基,在200 r/min和37 ℃下培养至OD600为0.6~0.8,加入0.3 mmol/L IPTG后在20 ℃下诱导培养20 h,获得发酵菌体。
收集的菌体经8000×g离心10 min后,用裂解缓冲液(50 mmol/L NaCl,100 mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH7.0)重悬,使用超声破碎仪裂解细胞(工作1 s/间歇2 s,20 min)。细胞裂解液经8000×g离心10 min后收集上清液,得到粗酶液。在4 ℃条件下进行Ni-NTA亲和层析:首先,上清液加载到Ni-NTA树脂亲和柱上,使用2个柱体积的结合缓冲液(500 mmol/L NaCl,50 mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH7.0)平衡。之后,使用洗涤缓冲液(500 mmol/L NaCl,50 mmol/L Tris-HCl,50 mmol/L咪唑,pH7.0)洗涤去污蛋白。最后,通过洗脱缓冲液(500 mmol/L NaCl,50 mmol/L Tris-HCl,500 mmol/L咪唑,pH7.0)获得目标蛋白。将洗脱液装入10 kDa截留分子量的透析袋,先在透析缓冲液A(10 mmol/L EDTA·2Na,50 mmol/L Tris,pH7.0)中于4 ℃透析18 h,每6 h换一次新缓冲液A,以去除咪唑和金属离子。再换到透析缓冲液B(50 mmol/L Tris,pH7.0)中,同样条件下透析18 h,每6 h更换一次缓冲液B。透析完成后,收集纯酶液至10 mL EP管中,4 ℃保存备用。对纯酶液进行适当稀释后,按BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒的操作说明,进行重组酶浓度的测定。
酶活定义(U):标准反应条件下,单位时间(min)催化蔗糖合成1 μmol蔗果三糖所需的酶量。
$ \begin{split} &\mathrm{发酵酶活}(\mathrm{U}/\text{mL})=\\&\frac{\mathrm{蔗果三糖含量}(\text{µ} \mathrm{g}/\text{mL})\times \text{稀释倍数}\times \mathrm{反应体系}(\text{mL})}{\text{蔗果三糖分子量}\times \mathrm{反应时间}(\min)\times \mathrm{发酵液体积}(\text{mL})} \end{split}$
相对酶活:酶在特定条件下的催化活性相对于某个标准酶的催化活性的比值。以某个标准酶的活力为参照,将其相对活力定义为100%。
酶反应体系总体积为1 mL,将0.9 mL蔗糖溶液(100 g/L,使用50 mmol/L,pH6.0的柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液配制)于50 ℃振荡水浴中预热10 min,加入0.1 mL纯酶液或0.1 mL全细胞液。反应在50 ℃恒温水浴中进行20 min,结束后立即于沸水浴中加热10 min以终止。
将灭活的反应体系12000 r/min离心5 min,0.22 µm有机膜过滤,利用HPLC检测蔗糖,以及果糖、葡萄糖、蔗果三糖和蔗果四糖的生成量。HPLC检测条件:示差折光检测器;色谱柱为Sepax HP-Amino(4.6 mm×250 mm),柱温为30 ℃;流动相为乙腈-超纯水(3:1,v/v),等度洗脱,流速为1 mL/min;进样量为10 μL。
温度对酶活力的影响:在不同温度下(40、45、50、55、60、65和70 ℃)测定酶活性以确定最佳温度(Topt)。最适温度是指酶活力最高时所对应的温度,并将此条件下的酶活力设定为100%。采用半衰期(t1/2)来表征重组酶和突变体的热稳定性。将酶置于50、60和70 ℃环境中孵育2 h,期间每间隔0.5 h取一次样。实验以在最适宜条件下,保温时长为0 h的酶液活性作为参照标准,将其设定为相对酶活力的100%。
分别配制浓度为50 mmol/L的醋酸钠缓冲液(pH5.0~6.0)、柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液(pH6.0~7.5)和Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH7.5~9.0)。测定StFFase和突变体的酶活力,酶活力最高时所对应的pH被定义为最适反应pH,并将此条件下的酶活力设定为100%。
为探究常见二价金属离子对酶活性的影响,向反应体系中分别加入终浓度为1 mmol/L的Mg2+、Co2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Ca2+和Fe2+。以未添加金属离子的酶液活性为对照(100%),研究各离子的作用效果。
通过测定不同底物浓度的蔗糖(100~800 mmol/L)的反应速率来确定StFFase和突变体的动力学参数。实验数据经OriginPro 9.0软件进行非线性回归分析,根据Michaelis-Menten方程计算确定米氏常数(Km)和催化速率常数(kcat)[16]。
以AlphaFold 2数据库中的P11701.1为模板,使用SWISS-MODEL服务器预测StFFase的3D结构。使用拉氏构象图(Ramachandran plot)验证模型的合理性。从PubChem化合物数据库中获得配体蔗糖的分子结构,采用AutoDock Vina 1.2.2进行分子对接,网格中心定位于底物结合口袋,计算氢键、疏水作用及盐桥等结合自由能。使用Pymol软件对蛋白结构进行可视化和突变位点之间相互作用模式分析。
使用最佳突变体,以质量分数50%的蔗糖为底物,选择加酶量15 U/g蔗糖进行转化反应,50 ℃、pH7.0、180 r/min的条件下间隔取样,测定转化液中蔗果三糖的含量和转化率。
$ \text{蔗果三糖转化率}(\text{%})=\frac{\text{蔗果三糖的质量}}{\text{初始}\mathrm{蔗}\text{糖总质量}}\times 100 $
采用Origin Pro 2018软件对数据进行绘图及分析,所有实验均重复三次,结果以平均值±标准差(SD)表示。多组比较采用单因素方差分析加LSD检验,显著性水平设为P<0.05。
使用Enzyme Miner对FFase进行基因挖掘,选择了分别来源于细菌Lactobacillus johnsonii DPC 6026(LjFFase,AEB93562.1)、S. troglodytae(StFFase,BAQ25176.1)、Glutamicibacter halophytocola(GhFFase,WP_060701086.1)、Arthrobacter sp. S41(AsFFase,TAP26048.1)、Vibrio natriegens(VnFFase,WP_065300568.1)、Microbacterium saccharophilum(MsFFase,WP_244946418.1)、Arthrobacter pascens(ApFFase,WP_307075722.1)、Bacillus tropicus(BtFFase,QIE35524.1)、Candidatus Companilactobacillus pullicola(CCpFFase,HIY92658.1)和Burkholderia cepacia(BcFFase,QFS39460.1)的FFase酶基因。为获得高产FFase酶菌株,对上述10种FFase进行基因表达和发酵酶活力测定。经过初步筛选,发现6种菌株具有FFase活性,酶活力最高的菌株为S. troglodytae(图1)。
通过MEGA 5.1和iTOL分析StFFase及已报道的13种FFase之间的进化关系(图2a),结果显示StFFase与Leuconostoc mesenteroides来源的β-(2,6)果聚糖蔗糖酶(LS)关系密切。利用Clustal Omega(https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo)网站对不同的FFase进行氨基酸序列和同一性分析,结果显示,StFFase和其他来源的FFase相比具有较低的序列相似度(20.32%~39.38%)。然而,StFFase具有和其他LS类似的结构区域:(Ⅰ)信号肽,该部分约有40个氨基酸;(Ⅱ)N-端可变区,该部分的氨基酸序列不保守;(Ⅲ)催化结构区,该部分构成了保守的催化口袋;(Ⅳ)C-端可变区,该部分的氨基酸序列也不保守(图2b)[17−18]。
基于计算机筛选和结构分析合理选择突变“热点”氨基酸已普遍成为改进酶稳定性和催化功效的良好策略[19−21]。为了系统地识别潜在的突变热点,使用计算辅助工具EVCoupling进行结构导向预测(图3a)。Web服务器EVCoupling认为ΔΔG>0的突变是有利的,其中15个突变位点中ΔΔG≥0.5 kcal·mol−1包含了28个潜在突变体。结合计算机推荐的结果,优先选取具有更高稳定性且排名靠前的突变位点作为筛选对象,初步选定了21个潜在突变体,分别为D104E、H165T、Q170K、I232S、I232A、I232V、E295K、E295S、L299I、V323L、K381D、K381N、K449E、T465P、Q520N、Q520S、N523S、N523G、M564V、M654I和S684P。
将上述21个突变体进行重组菌株的构建。为了快速筛选突变位点,测定突变菌株的全细胞酶活,如图3b所示。经过初步筛选,发现D104E、I232S和S684P突变体的酶活性显著增加(P<0.05),分别提高到野生酶的2.20、2.65和1.53倍,而其余突变体的酶活性均有不同程度的降低。
系统研究了野生型StFFase及单点突变体在温度梯度(40~70 ℃)下的催化性能。如图4a所示,野生型StFFase及突变体D104E、I232S和S684P在50 ℃时显示出最佳活性。在45~65 ℃范围内,StFFase和突变体D104E及S684P的相对酶活超过50%。特别地,突变体I232S在整个40~70 ℃的温度范围内保持超过50%的相对酶活。目前已报道的FFase最适温度范围较宽,为20~60 ℃。其中,源自Bacillus sp. TH4-2[11]和R. aquatilis[22]的FFase最适温度最高(60 ℃),而Z. mobilis来源的FFase最适温度最低(23 ℃)[8]。
热稳定性是影响酶工业适用性的重要因素。采用半衰期(t1/2)来表征重组酶和突变体的热稳定性。如图4b、c和d所示,野生酶StFFase在50、60和70 ℃下的t1/2值分别为2.75、1.84和1.29 h。在50 ℃下的热失活动力学分析揭示了突变体稳定性的显著差异。I232S表现出卓越的稳定性(t1/2=6.60 h),优于所有突变体。D104E(t1/2=3.61 h)及S684P(t1/2=3.19 h)也表现出适度改善,60 ℃和70 ℃下,D104E的半衰期和S684P接近,且优于野生酶。突变体I232S表现出更强的热适应性:与野生型相比,其在60 ℃和70 ℃下的半衰期延长了1.78 h和0.53 h。这些结果突显了残基特异性取代在调控热稳定性中的关键作用。
进一步研究了pH(5.0~9.0)对酶活性的影响(图5a)。野生酶StFFase在pH6.0时活性最高,偏离这个范围会导致酶活性显著降低。相比之下,S684P的最适pH为6.5,而突变体D104E和I232S的最适pH和StFFase相同。在pH5.0~7.0的范围内,D104E、I232S和S684P分别可以保持其在最适pH下所具有的50%、70%和60%以上的酶活力。与大多数FFase一致,最适pH范围以中性和弱酸性为主(5.0~7.0)。源自Brenneria goodwinii和Leuconostoc mesenteroides MTCC10508的FFase均在pH5.5时表现出最高活性[23−24]。不同的是,B. aryabhattai GYC2-3来源的FFase兼具碱性耐受性(在pH8.0活性最高)[13]。
金属离子与酶的结合不仅有助于稳定酶的空间构象,还能够作为酶与底物之间的连接桥梁,通过调整两者之间的相对位置促进反应进行[19]。不同金属离子对StFFase及其突变体催化活性的影响如图5b所示。在不添加金属离子的条件下,StFFase及其突变体仍保持基础催化活性,而外源金属离子的引入则呈现出明显的差异化调控效应。对于野生型StFFase,Co2+、Mn2+、Ca2+和Fe2+表现出强烈的抑制作用;Mg2+和Ni2+的影响相对较小;而Zn2+与Cu2+则能有效增强其酶活。这种调控模式在突变体中发生了显著改变。Co2+对StFFase和S684P具有抑制效应,但对I232S却呈现出独特的激活作用,推测I232S点突变通过将异亮氨酸替换为丝氨酸,可能微妙地改变了活性中心附近的微环境及金属离子配位场。Zn2+对StFFase及D104E和I232S均表现出强烈的激活效应,其中对I232S的激活程度最高,相对酶活超过230%,但对S684P的激活幅度则相对有限。Cu2+则对所有测试酶均表现出普适的增强效果。已有研究指出,金属离子对FFase活性的调控呈现革兰氏属性依赖性:革兰氏阳性菌源FFase普遍受离子激活,如Fe2+使Bacillus sp. TH4-2活性提升4倍[11],Ca2+使L. reuteri LTH5448活性增强135%[2];而革兰氏阴性菌源FFase(如Z. mobilis)多表现为离子不敏感[8]。
野生型StFFase及突变体对底物蔗糖的动力学参数通过米氏方程拟合得到(表2)。结果显示,StFFase对蔗糖的Km值为221±9 mmol/L,而突变体D104E和S684P的Km值分别为190±7 mmol/L和196±9 mmol/L,较野生型分别降低约14.03%和11.31%,表明这两个突变体对底物的亲和力有所提高。特别地,突变体I232S对蔗糖的Km值进一步降低至171±11 mmol/L,显著提升了其与底物的亲和力,推测该突变可能通过优化底物结合口袋的构象增强了结合效率。在催化效率方面,三个突变体D104E、I232S和S684P均高于野生型StFFase,其中I232S的kcat/Km值最高(16.70 mmol/L/s),较野生型提高了约57%。同时,三个突变体的kcat值均高于野生型,表明这些突变可能通过平衡底物结合与催化步骤之间的动力学瓶颈,进一步优化了酶的整体催化性能。
为了理解突变体催化活力及稳定性提高的分子机制,通过结构模拟和分子对接来分析StFFase突变前后的相互作用变化。StFFase的单体结构模型由SWISS-MODEL服务器预测,使用AlphaFold 2数据库(P11701.1)为模板。模型通过拉氏构象图进行验证,显示超过96.13%的残基位于允许区域,仅少数2%的残基位于拉氏图的相对允许区域,表明模型质量良好且预测结构可靠(图6)。
对StFFase与模板进行结构重叠,结果显示均方根偏差(RMSD)为0.051,含有高度保守的N端催化结构域,该结构域包含5个折叠β-螺旋桨(编号1到5),β-螺旋桨呈现辐射状围绕着中心轴,形成一个漏斗状的中央空腔(图7a)。通过分子对接进一步评估了酶分子与底物蔗糖的亲和力及结合模式。结果显示,配体可形成稳定的结合构象,并表现出−5.28 kcal/mol的结合自由能。结合构象分析表明,蔗糖通过Trp218、Met243、Asn252、Trp287、Ser288、Arg372、Asp373、Glu470、Glu472、Arg490、His493和Arg571等残基形成密集的氢键网络,并与Arg571形成强效盐桥,精准锚定于酶活性中心的疏水口袋(图7b)。双重模式相互作用为酶催化效率的分子机制提供了结构基础。
突变体的三个关键位点(D104E、I232S和S684P)通过Pymol可视化。突变前后的残基位置分别用红色(图7c)和蓝色(图7d)的球状模型表示。通过对比突变前后的结构相互作用,进一步阐明突变体催化活力与热稳定性提升的分子机制。如图8所示,D104本身带负电且侧链较长,而突变后的E104虽同为酸性氨基酸,但其侧链构象与电荷分布存在差异。负电荷环境的改变可能消除了原本存在的不利静电排斥,从而更有利于稳定带正电的过渡态中间体,提高催化效率。I232位于蛋白质的疏水内部,其大的体积和疏水性可能会过度限制该区域的运动,而S232与周围的原子形成氢键,新氢键的形成显著增加了局部区域的刚性,从而增强整体热稳定性[25]。S684位于β-转角的末端,脯氨酸的引入可能将其“锁定”为一个特定的、稳定的β-转角构象,防止该环在高温下解折叠,从而稳定整体结构[26−27]。综上,突变体通过调控关键位点的氢键、静电相互作用,并协同刚性化与柔韧性的动态特性,实现了催化活力与热稳定性的提升。
为评估突变体I232S在生物催化合成蔗果三糖方面的潜力,控制酶反应体系的加酶量为15 U/g蔗糖,并以质量分数50%的蔗糖为底物进行酶促转化。反应过程定时取样,利用HPLC监测反应进程。图9结果显示,蔗果三糖的转化率在2 h内迅速上升,并于6 h左右基本达到平衡,对底物蔗糖的转化率最高能够达到42.17%。已报道的Celerinatantimonas diazotrophica来源的FFase催化蔗糖转化生成蔗果三糖的平衡转化率均在30%左右[16],表明该酶有望成为工业化生产蔗果三糖的工具酶。
本研究通过基因挖掘技术获得了一种S. troglodytae来源的新型果糖基转移酶,其与β-(2,6)-果聚糖蔗糖酶亲缘关系高,且具备典型的催化结构域。通过计算机辅助理性设计,筛选出三个催化效率显著提升的突变体:D104E、I232S和S684P,其酶活分别达野生型的2.20、2.65和1.53倍。其中,I232S突变体表现出最优的综合性能:在40~70 ℃范围内仍保持50%以上相对酶活,50 ℃下半衰期延长至6.60 h;对蔗糖的Km值降低至171 mmol/L,底物亲和力和催化效率显著提高;在50%蔗糖浓度和15 U/g蔗糖加酶量条件下,蔗果三糖转化率高达42.17%。结构模拟表明,D104E通过消除静电排斥优化电性环境,I232S通过形成新氢键增强局部刚性及热稳定性,S684P则通过稳定β-转角构象防止高温解折叠。本研究实现了StFFase催化效率与热稳定性的提升,为果糖基转移酶的理性设计提供了新策略,并显著推进其工业应用潜力。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090360
  • 接收时间:2025-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10
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    1江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122
    2山东省功能糖生物制备与应用技术重点实验室,江苏无锡 214122

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张涛(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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