Article(id=1320881147102479236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080053, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754841600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852206254, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852206254, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852206254, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852206254, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=105, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881147333165957, articleId=1320881147102479236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Fish Oil Microcapsule on the Physicochemical and Flavor Properties of Coconut-Dried Shrimp Composite Dough, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the effect of fish oil microcapsule incorporation on the sensory characteristics, cooking performance, and flavor profile of coconut-dried shrimp composite dough. Formulations containing microencapsulated fish oil were compared with those incorporating unencapsulated oil to evaluate the functional benefits of microencapsulation. The dough samples were analyzed using a texture analyzer, rheometer, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) to assess texture, viscoelastic behavior, and water mobility, respectively. Flavor attributes were characterized through electronic nose analysis and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Results demonstrated that the addition of 10% fish oil microcapsules to dough containing 5% coconut-dried shrimp achieved the highest overall sensory score (83.20) and exhibited a desirable yellow hue consistent with consumer preferences. Compared with both the control and unencapsulated fish oil groups, microcapsule-enriched doughs showed lower noodle breakage and cooking loss, alongside increased cooking time and water absorption. Textural analysis revealed enhanced hardness and chewiness, with reduced resilience, compared with the control group, while rheological data confirmed a significant improvement in viscoelastic properties. GC-IMS analysis identified esters as the dominant volatile compounds contributing to the characteristic flavor profile. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that microencapsulation of fish oil effectively enhances the physicochemical and sensory quality of coconut-dried shrimp composite dough, providing a promising approach for developing omega-3-fortified staple foods with improved palatability and functionality.

, authors=Jiangmin WANG1, Wanmei LIANG1, Jiage SUN1, Zefu WANG1, 2, 3, Yang LIU1, 2, 3, Qiuyu XIA1, 2, 3, *, Shucheng LIU1, 2, 3, authorsList=Jiangmin WANG, Wanmei LIANG, Jiage SUN, Zefu WANG, Yang LIU, Qiuyu XIA, Shucheng LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiuyu XIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881150248207250, articleId=1320881147102479236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=鱼油微胶囊对椰蓉-虾干复合面团的理化特性及风味的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以椰蓉-虾干为配料制备风味面团,以直接添加鱼油为对照,研究鱼油微胶囊对面团感官、煮制特性以及风味等特性的影响。采用质构仪、流变仪、核磁共振仪等分别测定面团的质构特性、流变学特性、水分分布,并运用电子鼻、气相色谱离子迁移谱联用仪测定面团风味特性。结果表明:在添加5%椰蓉-虾干增香产物基础下,10%鱼油微胶囊添加组获得最高的感官评分(83.20分),面团色呈现黄色,符合消费者端视觉偏好,其与空白组以及鱼油添加组相比,面条断条率以及烹煮损失率减少,煮制时间以及吸水率增加,与空白组相比,面团硬度与咀嚼性增加,回复性降低。流变特性结果与质构特性一致,添加10%鱼油微胶囊的面团粘弹特性显著提高,风味物质以酯类物质为主。因此,本研究制备的Omega-3营养强化椰蓉-虾干复合面团不仅营养丰富,也具有适宜的煮制特性和风味特征,为Omega-3营养强化主食产品的研发和应用提供参考依据。

, authors=王江敏1, 梁婉梅1, 孙嘉格1, 王泽富1, 2, 3, 刘阳1, 2, 3, 夏秋瑜1, 2, 3, *, 刘书成1, 2, 3, authorsList=王江敏, 梁婉梅, 孙嘉格, 王泽富, 刘阳, 夏秋瑜, 刘书成, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=夏秋瑜, authorNote=

王江敏(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物资源利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
夏秋瑜(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:海洋功能脂质研究与应用,E-mail:。
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2Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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2海洋食品精深加工关键技术省部共建协同创新中心,大连工业大学,辽宁大连 116034
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articleId=1320881147102479236, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同面团的指纹图谱, figureFileSmall=c/+WLz0LO9L/tXhy8BUaeA==, figureFileBig=8Ka+RmJJcOJKi2g6PPlAPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881472236536105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=E-nose radargrams (a), and E-nose principal component analysis for different doughs (b), figureFileSmall=xt+xfiZtl8BCu3E4L3+7FQ==, figureFileBig=4TT6a+TcD4gki85PIApReA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881472437862698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同面团的电子鼻雷达图(a)和电子鼻PCA(b), figureFileSmall=xt+xfiZtl8BCu3E4L3+7FQ==, figureFileBig=4TT6a+TcD4gki85PIApReA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881472509165867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for noodles

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指标评价标准得分(分)
色泽(20分)色泽均匀,呈淡黄色,有光泽16~20
色泽均匀,呈黄色,光泽一般12~15
色泽不均匀,呈棕黄色,无光泽0~11
表观状态(20分)表面结构细密16~20
表面结构一般12~15
表面粗糙、膨胀、变形严重或者不成型0~11
韧性(10分)没有断裂,有弹性8~10
稍有断裂,稍有弹性6~7
断裂严重,弹性较弱0~5
光滑性(15分)表面光滑、细腻12~15
表面较为光滑、细腻9~11
表面粗糙、不细腻0~8
粘附性(10分)爽口,黏附牙齿感觉较低8~10
稍微黏附牙齿6~7
不爽口,黏附牙齿0~5
气味(25分)气味协调,鱼腥味较弱,无异味20~25
气味较为协调,鱼腥味弱,无异味15~19
气味不协调,鱼腥味强,有明显异味0~14
), ArticleFig(id=1320881472588857644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

面条的感官评价标准

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指标评价标准得分(分)
色泽(20分)色泽均匀,呈淡黄色,有光泽16~20
色泽均匀,呈黄色,光泽一般12~15
色泽不均匀,呈棕黄色,无光泽0~11
表观状态(20分)表面结构细密16~20
表面结构一般12~15
表面粗糙、膨胀、变形严重或者不成型0~11
韧性(10分)没有断裂,有弹性8~10
稍有断裂,稍有弹性6~7
断裂严重,弹性较弱0~5
光滑性(15分)表面光滑、细腻12~15
表面较为光滑、细腻9~11
表面粗糙、不细腻0~8
粘附性(10分)爽口,黏附牙齿感觉较低8~10
稍微黏附牙齿6~7
不爽口,黏附牙齿0~5
气味(25分)气味协调,鱼腥味较弱,无异味20~25
气味较为协调,鱼腥味弱,无异味15~19
气味不协调,鱼腥味强,有明显异味0~14
), ArticleFig(id=1320881472685326637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Performance description of electronic nose sensors

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阵列序号传感器名称性能描述
1号W1C芳香成分,苯类
2号W5S灵敏度大,对氮氧化物很敏感
3号W3C芳香成分灵敏,氨类
4号W6S主要对氢化合物有选择性
5号W5C短链烷烃芳香成分
6号W1S对甲基类灵敏
7号W1W对硫化物灵敏
8号W2S对醇类、醛酮类灵敏
9号W2W对芳香成分、有机硫化物灵敏
10号W3S对长链烷烃类灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1320881472903430446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

电子鼻传感器性能描述

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阵列序号传感器名称性能描述
1号W1C芳香成分,苯类
2号W5S灵敏度大,对氮氧化物很敏感
3号W3C芳香成分灵敏,氨类
4号W6S主要对氢化合物有选择性
5号W5C短链烷烃芳香成分
6号W1S对甲基类灵敏
7号W1W对硫化物灵敏
8号W2S对醇类、醛酮类灵敏
9号W2W对芳香成分、有机硫化物灵敏
10号W3S对长链烷烃类灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1320881472978927919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of fish oil microcapsules with different additives on the color of doughs

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组别色泽
L*a*b*
空白组79.41±0.50a2.89±0.16d18.39±0.77d
1%鱼油75.37±0.33b6.02±0.06a20.68±0.47c
5%微胶囊72.62±0.30c5.19±0.14c23.59±0.63b
10%微胶囊71.76±0.16d5.34±0.16c26.89±0.09a
15%微胶囊69.35±0.33e5.79±0.15b27.56±1.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881473067008304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同添加量鱼油微胶囊对面团色泽的影响

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组别色泽
L*a*b*
空白组79.41±0.50a2.89±0.16d18.39±0.77d
1%鱼油75.37±0.33b6.02±0.06a20.68±0.47c
5%微胶囊72.62±0.30c5.19±0.14c23.59±0.63b
10%微胶囊71.76±0.16d5.34±0.16c26.89±0.09a
15%微胶囊69.35±0.33e5.79±0.15b27.56±1.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881473150894385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Sensory ratings of different noodles

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组别色泽表观状态韧性光滑性粘附性气味总分
空白组15.30±0.48c17.10±0.88b5.40±0.52b14.60±0.52a7.00±0.67a21.00±0.82a80.40±0.84b
1%鱼油11.50±0.53e16.30±0.48b4.40±0.52c13.00±0.82b4.30±0.48d16.50±0.53c66.00±1.56d
5%微胶囊16.90±0.74b18.50±0.53a4.60±0.52c14.70±0.67a6.30±0.48b19.40±0.52b80.40±1.17b
10%微胶囊17.70±0.48a18.60±0.52a6.40±0.52a15.10±0.57a6.40±0.52ab19.00±0.82b83.20±1.48a
15%微胶囊14.30±0.48d17.00±0.67b5.70±0.67ab15.00±0.82a5.50±0.53c17.30±0.48c74.80±1.32c
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不同面条的感官评分

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组别色泽表观状态韧性光滑性粘附性气味总分
空白组15.30±0.48c17.10±0.88b5.40±0.52b14.60±0.52a7.00±0.67a21.00±0.82a80.40±0.84b
1%鱼油11.50±0.53e16.30±0.48b4.40±0.52c13.00±0.82b4.30±0.48d16.50±0.53c66.00±1.56d
5%微胶囊16.90±0.74b18.50±0.53a4.60±0.52c14.70±0.67a6.30±0.48b19.40±0.52b80.40±1.17b
10%微胶囊17.70±0.48a18.60±0.52a6.40±0.52a15.10±0.57a6.40±0.52ab19.00±0.82b83.20±1.48a
15%微胶囊14.30±0.48d17.00±0.67b5.70±0.67ab15.00±0.82a5.50±0.53c17.30±0.48c74.80±1.32c
), ArticleFig(id=1320881473306083635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Cooking characteristics of different noodles

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组别煮制特性
最佳煮制时间(s)煮熟断条率(%)吸水率(%)烹调损失率(%)
空白组409.67±3.06d9.33±1.15b36.58±0.23c12.14±0.18a
1%鱼油414.33±4.04d15.33±3.06a38.00±0.31b10.67±0.64b
5%微胶囊443.33±3.51a9.33±2.31b41.30±0.78a7.41±0.27c
10%微胶囊434.33±2.08b8.67±1.15b38.03±0.35b7.72±0.12c
15%微胶囊421.00±2.65c8.67±3.06b37.24±0.15bc8.23±0.28c
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不同面条的煮制特性

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组别煮制特性
最佳煮制时间(s)煮熟断条率(%)吸水率(%)烹调损失率(%)
空白组409.67±3.06d9.33±1.15b36.58±0.23c12.14±0.18a
1%鱼油414.33±4.04d15.33±3.06a38.00±0.31b10.67±0.64b
5%微胶囊443.33±3.51a9.33±2.31b41.30±0.78a7.41±0.27c
10%微胶囊434.33±2.08b8.67±1.15b38.03±0.35b7.72±0.12c
15%微胶囊421.00±2.65c8.67±3.06b37.24±0.15bc8.23±0.28c
), ArticleFig(id=1320881473478050101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Textural properties of different noodles

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组别硬度(g)粘性(g·sec)弹性咀嚼性回复性
空白组174.10±7.33d−16.15±0.82a0.34±0.04a24.25±1.77e0.14±0.01a
1%鱼油317.47±6.27b−20.28±0.37b0.34±0.01a74.68±3.48b0.12±0.004b
5%微胶囊176.50±9.57d−23.53±1.98b0.34±0.02a49.64±2.35d0.12±0.003bc
10%微胶囊287.99±4.85c−34.02±3.35c0.36±0.02a68.72±4.30c0.12±0.001bc
15%微胶囊378.05±16.81a−43.18±1.11d0.32±0.01a88.24±0.42a0.11±0.002c
), ArticleFig(id=1320881473578713398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881147102479236, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同面条的质构特性

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组别硬度(g)粘性(g·sec)弹性咀嚼性回复性
空白组174.10±7.33d−16.15±0.82a0.34±0.04a24.25±1.77e0.14±0.01a
1%鱼油317.47±6.27b−20.28±0.37b0.34±0.01a74.68±3.48b0.12±0.004b
5%微胶囊176.50±9.57d−23.53±1.98b0.34±0.02a49.64±2.35d0.12±0.003bc
10%微胶囊287.99±4.85c−34.02±3.35c0.36±0.02a68.72±4.30c0.12±0.001bc
15%微胶囊378.05±16.81a−43.18±1.11d0.32±0.01a88.24±0.42a0.11±0.002c
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鱼油微胶囊对椰蓉-虾干复合面团的理化特性及风味的影响
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王江敏 1 , 梁婉梅 1 , 孙嘉格 1 , 王泽富 1, 2, 3 , 刘阳 1, 2, 3 , 夏秋瑜 1, 2, 3, * , 刘书成 1, 2, 3
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(17): 105-113
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (17) : 105 -113
鱼油微胶囊对椰蓉-虾干复合面团的理化特性及风味的影响
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王江敏(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物资源利用,E-mail:

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王江敏1 , 梁婉梅1, 孙嘉格1, 王泽富1, 2, 3, 刘阳1, 2, 3, 夏秋瑜1, 2, 3, * , 刘书成1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东省海洋生物制品工程实验室,广东省海洋食品工程技术研究中心,广东省水产预制食品加工与品质控制工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524088
  • 2海洋食品精深加工关键技术省部共建协同创新中心,大连工业大学,辽宁大连 116034
  • 3南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江),广东湛江 524025
通讯作者:
夏秋瑜(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:海洋功能脂质研究与应用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王江敏(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物资源利用,E-mail:

Effect of Fish Oil Microcapsule on the Physicochemical and Flavor Properties of Coconut-Dried Shrimp Composite Dough
Jiangmin WANG1 , Wanmei LIANG1, Jiage SUN1, Zefu WANG1, 2, 3, Yang LIU1, 2, 3, Qiuyu XIA1, 2, 3, * , Shucheng LIU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
  • 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
  • 3Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080053
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以椰蓉-虾干为配料制备风味面团,以直接添加鱼油为对照,研究鱼油微胶囊对面团感官、煮制特性以及风味等特性的影响。采用质构仪、流变仪、核磁共振仪等分别测定面团的质构特性、流变学特性、水分分布,并运用电子鼻、气相色谱离子迁移谱联用仪测定面团风味特性。结果表明:在添加5%椰蓉-虾干增香产物基础下,10%鱼油微胶囊添加组获得最高的感官评分(83.20分),面团色呈现黄色,符合消费者端视觉偏好,其与空白组以及鱼油添加组相比,面条断条率以及烹煮损失率减少,煮制时间以及吸水率增加,与空白组相比,面团硬度与咀嚼性增加,回复性降低。流变特性结果与质构特性一致,添加10%鱼油微胶囊的面团粘弹特性显著提高,风味物质以酯类物质为主。因此,本研究制备的Omega-3营养强化椰蓉-虾干复合面团不仅营养丰富,也具有适宜的煮制特性和风味特征,为Omega-3营养强化主食产品的研发和应用提供参考依据。

面团  /  鱼油微胶囊  /  理化特性  /  风味特性

This study investigated the effect of fish oil microcapsule incorporation on the sensory characteristics, cooking performance, and flavor profile of coconut-dried shrimp composite dough. Formulations containing microencapsulated fish oil were compared with those incorporating unencapsulated oil to evaluate the functional benefits of microencapsulation. The dough samples were analyzed using a texture analyzer, rheometer, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) to assess texture, viscoelastic behavior, and water mobility, respectively. Flavor attributes were characterized through electronic nose analysis and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Results demonstrated that the addition of 10% fish oil microcapsules to dough containing 5% coconut-dried shrimp achieved the highest overall sensory score (83.20) and exhibited a desirable yellow hue consistent with consumer preferences. Compared with both the control and unencapsulated fish oil groups, microcapsule-enriched doughs showed lower noodle breakage and cooking loss, alongside increased cooking time and water absorption. Textural analysis revealed enhanced hardness and chewiness, with reduced resilience, compared with the control group, while rheological data confirmed a significant improvement in viscoelastic properties. GC-IMS analysis identified esters as the dominant volatile compounds contributing to the characteristic flavor profile. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that microencapsulation of fish oil effectively enhances the physicochemical and sensory quality of coconut-dried shrimp composite dough, providing a promising approach for developing omega-3-fortified staple foods with improved palatability and functionality.

dough  /  fish oil microcapsules  /  physicochemical properties  /  flavor characteristics
王江敏, 梁婉梅, 孙嘉格, 王泽富, 刘阳, 夏秋瑜, 刘书成. 鱼油微胶囊对椰蓉-虾干复合面团的理化特性及风味的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 105 -113 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080053
Jiangmin WANG, Wanmei LIANG, Jiage SUN, Zefu WANG, Yang LIU, Qiuyu XIA, Shucheng LIU. Effect of Fish Oil Microcapsule on the Physicochemical and Flavor Properties of Coconut-Dried Shrimp Composite Dough[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 105 -113 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080053
面团的营养成分主要以碳水化合物(淀粉)为主,其次是蛋白质,脂肪含量较低,单纯的面条不足以提供人体所需的营养。此外,面条的风味相对单一,食用时往往还要添加其他配料提供风味。近年来各种风味食品不断推出,其中椰子风味[1]和海鲜风味[2]由于其独特的风味特性和鲜明的地区特色而备受关注,并且都有一定的消费群体。
鱼油富含Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸,其中包括二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)是必需脂肪酸,具有广泛的健康功效,特别是对眼睛[3]、大脑和神经系统[4−6]、心血管系统[7]、肝脏保护[8]等都有积极的功效。营养调查表明,我国膳食中Omega-3摄入量不足,从而导致我国健康大数据不容乐观,因此有营养专家倡议大力研发、生产与推广富含Omega-3脂肪酸的食品,践行“健康中国”战略,通过优化必需脂肪酸的膳食结构,提升全民营养健康水平[9]。
鱼油极其不稳定,食品中直接添加鱼油可能存在氧化酸败、风味冲突以及感官劣化等问题。而微胶囊处理是保持鱼油营养成分和感官特性的有效方法[10]。微胶囊技术将液体油脂转换成粉末油脂,解决液体油脂在工业生产中的应用瓶颈,粉末油脂均匀分散到食物组分中,提高产品便利性以及稳定性[11]。此外,微胶囊技术还可有效延缓油脂氧化并减少异味物质溢出,显著提升食品的风味、营养以及质量,延长产品保质期。GONZáLEZ等[12]在面团中加入奇亚籽油微胶囊,制备面包,发现添加微胶囊并没有改变面包的工艺品质,并且较未添加的面包口感更好。LUO等[13]将岩豆蛋白/阿拉伯胶-(乳酸链球菌素、苦瓜提取物、植物乳杆菌)微胶囊添加到面粉中,制备出具有适当流变特性,最佳蒸煮特性,保质期长的面条。此外,COMUNIAN等[14]将亚麻籽油微胶囊添加入面包制备过程中,发现得到的微胶囊及其游离成分加入面包中对蛋白质和脂质消化无显著影响。
本实验在前期研发的椰蓉-虾干面条的基础上,以直接添加鱼油为对照,通过测定面团的色泽、煮制特性、质构特性、流变特性、水分分布等指标,结合电子鼻、气相色谱离子迁移谱联用仪分析不同组风味间的差异,探究不同添加量的微胶囊对面团理化特性和风味的影响,为Omega-3营养强化风味面条的研发及鱼油微胶囊在主食产品中推广应用提供参考依据。
金枪鱼油 澳大利亚Nu-MEGA公司,实验前于−35 ℃冰箱保存;面粉、虾干 湛江市霞山区东风市场;椰蓉 文昌纯椰食品有限公司;维生素E、酶法水解猪皮明胶(99%生物技术级,BTG)(~200 g bloom) 中国麦克林生化科技有限公司;六偏磷酸钠(食品级) 湛江科铭有限公司;其他试剂均为分析纯。
阔吉粉碎研磨机 永康市图恩工贸有限公司;和面机 小熊电器股份有限公司;M-YM6手动压面机 九阳股份有限公司;TA.XT plus C质构仪 英国Stab. Micro System公司;HAAKE MARS Ⅲ型流变仪 赛默飞世尔科技公司;NMI 20-060H-I NMR分析仪 上海纽迈电子科技有限公司;Flavour Spec®气相离子迁移谱仪 德国G.A.S公司;PEN3电子鼻 德国Airsense公司。
微胶囊采用复合凝聚法制备,参考XUAN等[15]的方法。将16 g金枪鱼油与120 g质量分数为8%的猪皮明胶溶液混合,先使用搅拌器于1200 r/min预乳化5 min,再使用高速均质机于20000 r/min均质10 min,制得金枪鱼油O/W乳液。将100 g新鲜制备的乳液与100 g质量分数为0.53%六偏磷酸钠溶液混合,置于50 ℃循环恒温水浴锅中,并以750 r/min搅拌,逐滴加入1%磷酸溶液调节混合液pH引发复合凝聚反应,使用光学显微镜监测复合凝聚过程。待复合凝聚反应完成后,以12 ℃/h的速度将样品冷却至5 ℃并保持30 min,然后升温至25 ℃,使微胶囊充分形成,经真空冷冻干燥得到粉末。经检测,所制备的微胶囊中含油量为53.26%±4.79%,水分含量为2.18%±0.05%。
a.虾干预处理:将虾干去头、去壳,切除虾青素变色的红色部分,剩余部分切成小块。处理好的虾干在120 ℃下烘干1 h,超微研磨机中研磨5 min,密封待用。
b.椰蓉预处理:将椰蓉在120 ℃下烘干1 h,超微研磨机中研磨5 min,再在120 ℃下烘干1 h后再研磨5 min,密封待用。
c.在前期研究的基础上,将质量比4:1的椰蓉与虾干在超微研磨机中研磨5 min,将混合好的椰蓉-虾干混合物放入烘箱中120 ℃、1 h,在中途30 min时取出进行研磨5 min,使其混合更为充分,得到更充分的增香产物。
d.和面:总干基为200 g,2 g食盐溶解于80 mL水中。将面粉、椰蓉-虾干、鱼油微胶囊(或鱼油)加入到和面机中,加入水后混合均匀并搅拌形成表面光滑的面团,和面时间40 min,醒面时间1 h。
e.压面:将醒发好的面团置于小型压面机中。先以4.0 mm辊距压延4次;随后调整辊距至2.0 mm再压延4次;切条,最终面条厚度2.0 mm,宽度4.0 mm,长度25.0 cm。
f.基于5%椰蓉-虾干、1%金枪鱼油或不同添加量(5%、10%、15%)金枪鱼油微胶囊作为辅料,经和面、醒面、压面制备面条。0%微胶囊添加量即辅料中只含有5%椰蓉-虾干,作为空白组。
根据王贝贝等[16]的方法并稍作修改,取10 cm×10 cm的面片,取对角及中心3个位置进行色差值的测定。用标准的黑板和白板进行校正,校正后测定样品,记录L*(亮度)、a*(红度)、b*(黄度)值。
参考秦永萍等[17]的方法并稍作修改,10名评价员各自根据设定的评分标准,对面条的色泽、表观状态、光滑性、韧性、粘附性、气味这六个方面进行感官评定。评分结束后取这10位评价员评分的平均值作为综合评定结果,评价标准如表1所示。
最佳煮制时间、煮熟断条率、吸水率以及烹煮损失率的测定根据王媛媛等[18]的方法并稍作修改。
取20根面条,置于1 L水中,使用1800 W功率的电磁炉煮制,每隔15 s取出一根,用镊子小心夹断,观察其横截面,当面条白芯完全消失时,对应的煮制时间即为最佳煮制时间。
取50根面条,置于2 L水中,使用1800 W的电磁炉进行煮制,将面条与常温水一同下锅,持续煮制10 min,捞出面条,统计断条数(N为断条数),按公式(1)计算断条率(S)。
$\rm \mathrm{S}(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{N}}{50}\times 100 $
称面条质量100 g(记为M1),置于1 L水中,使用1800 W功率的电磁炉煮至最佳煮制时间,捞出面条,冷水浸泡1 min以停止加热,后置于滤纸上吸干水分,称其质量(记为M2),最后将熟面条放到105 ℃烘箱内烘至恒重,称取其质量(记为M3)。通过M1、M2、M3测定面条煮制过程的质量变化,并按公式(2)和(3)计算面条煮制过程中的吸水率以及烹调损失率。
$ \text{吸水率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{{{2}}}-{\mathrm{M}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{M}}_{1}}\times 100 $
$ \text{烹调损失}\mathrm{率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{1}\times (1-\mathrm{w})-{\mathrm{M}}_{3}}{{\mathrm{M}}_{1}\times (1-\mathrm{w})}\times 100 $
式(3)中,w为面条煮前的水分含量,%。
根据Gao等[19]的方法并稍作修改,取20根面条,置于1 L水中,使用1800 W功率的电磁炉煮至最佳煮制时间,捞出面条,冷水中浸泡1 min置于滤纸上吸干水分。用质构仪测定煮后面条的质构特性。探头P/25,应变35%,测试前中后速度分别为0.8、0.8、0.8 mm/s,触发力为5 g,两次压缩之间的时间间隔是3 s。
根据Zhou等[20]的方法并稍作修改,使用压面机将面团压延成4 mm厚的面片,然后切割成15 mm×15 mm的方形面片,测定前使用圆形模具将面片压制成直径10 mm的圆形面片。振荡频率扫描:采用动态应变扫描法在0.01%~100%应变范围内测定线性粘弹性区域,频率为10 rad/s,最后应变值固定在1%。采用35 mm平板,设定测定间隙为2 mm,温度为25 ℃,平衡5 min后,使用流变仪在振荡频率为0.1~10 Hz下测定面片的储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')。
根据Chen等[21]的方法并稍作修改,使用压面机将面团压延成4 mm厚的面片,然后切割成50 mm×50 mm的方形面片。使用低频核磁共振仪-CPMG脉冲序列测定面条的横向弛豫时间(T2)。参数设置如下:共振频率SF=21 MHz,采样点数TD=1400194,采样频率SW=100 kHz,采样间隔时间TW=2000.000 ms,回波数NECH=2000,累加次数NS=64次。
根据Pu等[22]的方法并稍作修改。
进样条件:称取2 g样品于20 mL顶空瓶中,在80 ℃下以500 r/min孵育30 min,通过1 mL气密加热注射器将500 μL顶空样品以不分流模式注入自动进样器中,进样温度:80 ℃。GC条件:色谱柱:MTX-5,柱温:60 ℃,载气/漂移气为氮气(纯度>99.999%)。载气流速程序:0~2 min为2 mL/min,2~25 min线性增加至100 mL/min,并保持至30 min。IMS条件:IMS在温度45 ℃和流速150 mL/min条件下运行。GC-IMS的数据利用仪器自带的数据库(NIST和IMS)进行定性分析。
根据Yao等[23]的方法并稍作修改,准确称取2 g样品于20 mL顶空瓶内,将密封好的顶空瓶置于60 ℃的水浴锅内平衡1 h,随后插入电子鼻探头测定风味。
电子鼻的相关参数如下:洁净干燥空气为载气,设置电子鼻测定仪采样时间为60 s,气体流量为0.3 L/min,等待时间为5 s,清洗时间为60 s。选取传感器信号稳定后的值,每个样品重复采集3次。电子鼻传感器性能描述见表2。
本实验中的除感官评价外,数据均为3次平行实验的平均值。采用IBM SPSS Statistics 26软件进行统计分析,显著性差异为P<0.05,并利用Origin 2025进行绘图。
面团色泽参数测定结果如表3所示。添加鱼油及鱼油微胶囊,面团的亮度都会有所降低,从空白组的79.41显著降低到69.35(P<0.05),添加微胶囊组红度值(a*)从2.89增加至5.79,1%鱼油添加组a*升高至6.02,所有实验组黄度值(b*)均显著增加(P<0.05),从18.39到27.56。上述结果表明,鱼油与微胶囊的添加都会显著影响面团的色泽(P<0.05)。
如图1所示,微胶囊的添加会使面团呈现明显的黄色,而1%鱼油添加则会使面团略微发红。消费者对面制品的黄色接受度普遍高于红色[24]。与直接添加油脂相比,微胶囊的添加产生的色泽的变化更符合消费者的偏好。
依据表1的评分标准,对面条的色泽、表观状态、光滑性、韧性、粘附性、气味进行感官评定。结果如表4所示,鱼油添加组面条的感官得分总分最低,该组面条的光泽黯淡,且带有明显的鱼油腥味,并且其粘附性与韧性得分也较低,表明面条结构稳定性下降,更易断裂,弹性减弱,从而导致口感劣化,接受度较差。相比之下,添加5%与10%鱼油微胶囊的面条在色泽、气味、粘附性及韧性等指标的得分与空白组接近。但当微胶囊添加量增加至15%时,多项感官评分有所下降,因此应适当控制微胶囊的添加量。综上所述,以微胶囊形式添加鱼油,相较于直接添加,可更好维持面条原有感官品质。
添加鱼油及系列微胶囊面条的煮制特性如表5所示,鱼油添加组面条与空白组相比,煮制时间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著低于微胶囊组面条(P<0.05),这可能是直接添加油脂会包裹面粉颗粒,内部水合不充分[25],面条的结构变得更松散,缩短了煮制时间。在断条率方面,鱼油添加组面条的断条率显著高于各实验组(P<0.05),而不同微胶囊添加组面条间以及空白组无显著性差异(P>0.05),这表明相较于鱼油直接添加,微胶囊形式的添加更有利于维持面条结构的完整性。在吸水率以及烹调损失率方面,5%与10%微胶囊组面条结果优于15%微胶囊组面条以及鱼油组面条,表现出更低的烹调损失率与更高的吸水率,说明淀粉糊化充分,固体物质流失少,面条口感品质更优。
添加鱼油及系列微胶囊面条的质构特性如表6所示。从表6可知,微胶囊和鱼油的添加显著增加了面条硬度、粘性、咀嚼性(P<0.05)。硬度与咀嚼性之间呈正相关关系。油脂的添加会抑制面条在煮制过程中的吸水作用,引起面条硬度上升,从而提高其咀嚼性[26];此外,鱼油中所含的甘油酯成分可作为乳化剂与淀粉、面筋蛋白发生相互作用[27],从而使面团更加致密,进而导致面团硬度增加。在回复性方面,所有实验组的回复性均呈现下降趋势,由空白组的0.14降低到0.11,降低了约21.43%。弹性指标在各组间未呈现显著性差异(P>0.05),在0.32~0.36间。微胶囊添加量为10%时,弹性为组间最大值(0.36),粘性为−34.02 g·sec。综合各项质构参数可知,微胶囊添加量为10%时能够赋予面团较好的质构特性。
动态流变是探究和评价面团流变特性分析的常用手段之一。如图2所示,在频率测定范围内,不同面团的储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')的变化趋势一致,均表现为随着频率的增加而增大,且G'始终高于G'',表明符合面团的类固体性质且弹性特征明显。面团的黏弹性可以用G'和G''表示,与面筋蛋白的聚集密切相关[28]。5%微胶囊组面团的G'值在所有实验组中最低,10%微胶囊添加组面团表现出最优的流变特性,其G'和G''值均为最高,说明适量微胶囊与面筋-淀粉基质之间形成相对稳定且连续的网络结构,增强面团抗形变能力,为面团提供良好的支撑,增强面团弹性。另外,鱼油添加组面团的G'和G''值均低于空白组,可能是直接添加油脂会包裹蛋白质和淀粉颗粒,阻碍面筋网络的发展[29],导致面团弹性降低、流动性增加。因此,综合质构特性与流变特性分析可知,当微胶囊添加量为10%时,面团的弹性性能最佳。
面团的水分分布可影响面团成分的相互作用,从而影响其可塑性和结构特性[30]。利用低场核磁共振仪检测出新鲜面团样品中的水分状态主要有三类:强结合水T21、弱结合水T22和自由水T23。如图3所示,面团中的水分主要以弱结合水(T22)形式存在,其在所有实验组中的比例(P2)均超过91%(图3b),而强结合水(T21)所占比例(P1)均低于0.1%。强结合水响应信号普遍较低,可能是椰蓉-虾干的添加破坏了面筋-淀粉体系的连续性,导致水分无法被紧密锁定。在弱结合水方面,微胶囊添加组面团中弱结合水(T22)信号强度大于鱼油组面团以及空白组,其中10%微胶囊添加组面团T22信号强度最大,这也可能是由于微胶囊与面筋-淀粉基质形成了相对稳定且连续的网络结构,从而将水分更有效地束缚在体系中,降低其流动性,使面团质地更柔软且富有弹性。相比之下,鱼油面团组T22与T23响应值较小,说明直接添加油脂可能干扰了面团的水合过程[31],保水性能降低,体系固定和稳定水分的能力下降,进而影响面团的品质。因此,添加鱼油微胶囊在改善面团水分分布方面更优。
通过GC-IMS分析(图4),在5组面条中共鉴别出51种单体或二聚体挥发性物质,其中酯类14种、醇类7种、酮类7种、醛类5种、酸类4种、烯类4种、吡嗪类2种、呋喃类1种、醚类1种、其他化合物6种。酯类物质具有果香、果香风味[32];醇类的香味比较淡,但能够为食物提供一种绵长而柔和的口感[33];酮类主要通过不饱和脂肪酸的热氧化或氨基酸的降解而产生,可赋予独特香气和果味[34];呋喃是咖啡、焦糖、青草风味的重要来源[35]。
如图5所示,五组面条的指纹图谱在挥发性物质上存在明显差异,可将其主要差异区域划分为A、B、C、D、E五个区。其中,E区为微胶囊组面条中未检出的挥发性物质,共包括3种物质,分别为乙醇、甲酸乙酯和丙醛。D区为空白组与微胶囊组面条均未检出的挥发性物质,该区域共鉴定出21种化合物,包括反式-2-戊烯醛、2,3-丁二酮、顺-2-戊烯醇、3-庚烯-2-酮等,这些物质多属于不良风味物质,推测可能源于面条加工过程中脂质氧化所产生的挥发性代谢产物[36]。C区为空白组未检出的挥发性物质,共鉴定出4种成分,分别为1-戊烯-3-醇、2-甲基丙酸、苯甲醛及N-亚硝基二乙胺。A区为鱼油组面条未检出的挥发性物质,该区域共检出7种成分,其中包括3种酯类和1种呋喃类化合物,均属于优良挥发性物质。B区为空白组与鱼油组面条均未检出(即微胶囊组面条特有的挥发性物质),共鉴定出8种物质,包括4种酯类和1种吡嗪类化合物,同样以酯类为主,说明微胶囊的添加引入了烘烤与果香类气味成分。
对比直接添加鱼油与添加鱼油微胶囊的面条发现:鱼油贡献了更丰富的风味物质,但其不饱和脂肪酸易发生氧化,易产生不良挥发性物质,导致整体风味失衡。鱼油微胶囊则因其技术上的缓释和保护作用,使其面条的整体风味更佳。
电子鼻对面条风味特征分析的结果,如图6(a)所示。在10个传感器中,W5S(对氮氧化合物敏感)和W1W(对硫化物敏感)的响应信号最为显著。鱼油及微胶囊的添加均降低了硫化物类风味物质的响应,说明减少了硫化物类风味物质的产生。鱼油及微胶囊的添加增加了氮氧化合物风味物质的响应,且微胶囊组面条的氮氧化合物响应高于鱼油组面条,可能归因于微胶囊蛋白质壁材的贡献,增强了W5S的响应。但对于不同微胶囊添加量的实验组,其组间响应差异不大。
利用主成分分析法对鱼油及不同添加量的鱼油微胶囊面条进行分析,由图6(b)可知:第一主成分(PC1)贡献率达74.8%,第二主成分(PC2)贡献率为10.7%,累计贡献率达到85.5%,能够有效反映面条的整体风味特征。不同微胶囊添加量面条在PCA图中分布较为集中,表明组间风味差异较小,其气味有一定的相似性。这一结果与传感器响应模式相互印证不同微胶囊添加量面条响应相似。电子鼻结果说明微胶囊处理能够有效调控面条的风味特征,且产品具有良好的风味一致性。
本研究以椰蓉-虾干为配料制备风味面团,以1%鱼油为对照,研究了不同添加量(5%、10%、15%)鱼油微胶囊对面团感官、煮制特性以及风味等特性的影响。通过综合评价面团色泽、煮制特性、质构特性、流变特性、水分分布以及挥发性物质等指标,发现相较于直接添加鱼油,采用微胶囊形式添加鱼油可有效改善面条色泽、遮蔽不良气味,并提升气味协调性与整体可接受度。质构与流变学测试结果显示,微胶囊组面团具有更优的弹性表现;水分分布的结果也显示其表现出更优的水分分布特征。在风味方面,微胶囊化处理亦发挥了积极的修饰与提升作用,赋予面条烘烤类香气。综合比较得出,10%鱼油微胶囊为最优添加量,该配比在维持面条原有感官品质与面筋网络结构完整性的同时,实现了营养强化与风味的综合提升。本研究为功能性面制品的开发提供了重要的理论依据和实践指导,为Omega-3营养强化风味面条的研发以及鱼油微胶囊在主食产品中推广应用提供参考依据。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080053
  • 接收时间:2025-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11
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    1广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东省海洋生物制品工程实验室,广东省海洋食品工程技术研究中心,广东省水产预制食品加工与品质控制工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524088
    2海洋食品精深加工关键技术省部共建协同创新中心,大连工业大学,辽宁大连 116034
    3南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江),广东湛江 524025

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夏秋瑜(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:海洋功能脂质研究与应用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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