Article(id=1320881125619257898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100244, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761148800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852201131, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852201131, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852201131, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852201131, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=14, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881125862527531, articleId=1320881125619257898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Chemometric Evaluation of Pulping Suitability of Four Kinds of Horn Peppers from Inner Mongolia, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Chili pulp represents a new category of chili-based products, functioning as the fundamental base material for downstream applications including chili sauces, hot pot soup bases, and compound seasonings. Consequently, the quality of the pulp directly influences the market competitiveness of the terminal products. This study investigated four cultivars of horn peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) from Inner Mongolia (LZ-1-R01, H1, 7#, and HL23). Chemometric methods combined with multivariate statistical analysis were employed to comparatively evaluate the multi-dimensional quality attributes and assess the processing suitability of the resultant chili pulp. These attributes included color properties (L*, a*, b* values, and color value), textural characteristics (rheological properties and particle size distribution), nutritional components (carotenoids and capsaicinoids), and volatile flavor compounds. Results showed that, H1 chili pulp exhibited the best overall appearance and consistency, showing the highest brightness (L* value: 38.38±0.5) and the smallest particle size (distribution range: 3.12 to 1430 μm; volume mean diameter: 407.47±1.50 μm; area mean diameter: 146.53±1.94 μm), and it also demonstrated optimal fluidity (initial viscosity: 241.07 Pa·s, δ<0.4). LZ-1-R01 chili pulp contained the highest carotenoid content (699.78±9.04 μg/g). And 7# chili pulp showed the highest content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin (12.12±0.17 μg/g and 24.14±0.86 μg/g, respectively). HL23 chili pulp presented a relatively balanced profile across all quality indicators. A total of 48 volatile flavor compounds were identified in the four chili pulps using GC-IMS. Among them, 7# chili pulp exhibited the highest total peak intensity of volatile flavor compounds. Methyl salicylate was identified as the characteristic volatile component of H1, while 3-methyl-2-butenal (D) was the key differential compound for 7# and LZ-1-R01. The key differential markers for HL23 included 3-hydroxybutan-2-one (M/D), butylbenzene, 2-heptanone, and butanal (M/D). Furthermore, combined with the ROAV, 3-methylthiopropanal was identified as a key volatile flavor substance in the chili pulp. Based on the quality attribute analysis, all four chili varieties were deemed suitable for pulping. Chili pulps with distinct characteristics could be selected according to specific application requirements; for instance, H1 was suitable for developing high-smoothness products such as table sauces, while 7# and LZ-1-R01 could be utilized for color blending in product formulations. This research provides a novel perspective for the multi-scenario application of chili processing.

, authors=Yufei TIAN1, Geqing LI1, Jiaxin SUN1, Qiwei ZHOU1, Yan MA2, *, Liang ZHAO1, *, Xiaojun LIAO1, authorsList=Yufei TIAN, Geqing LI, Jiaxin SUN, Qiwei ZHOU, Yan MA, Liang ZHAO, Xiaojun LIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan MA, Liang ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881132430807618, articleId=1320881125619257898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=内蒙古四种角椒制浆适宜性的化学计量学评价, columnId=1320881080014582693, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏—果蔬基料制造:基础理论、新型加工、质量控制与智能制造(客座主编:徐贞贞、王永涛、李涛;产业顾问:李仁杰), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

辣椒浆是一种新型辣椒制品,可作为辣椒酱、火锅底料及复合调味料等下游产品的核心基料,其品质直接影响终端产品的市场竞争力。本研究以内蒙古四个品种角椒(LZ-1-R01、H1、7#、红龙23)为研究对象,采用化学计量法结合多元统计对比分析了不同品种辣椒浆的色泽(色差L*、a*、b*,色价)、组织状态(流变特性、粒径)、营养成分(类胡萝卜素、辣椒碱类物质)以及挥发性风味物质等多维品质指标,并评估其加工适宜性。结果表明:H1辣椒浆的亮度最高(38.38±0.5),粒径最小(分布范围在3.12~1430 μm、体积平均粒径为407.47±1.50 μm、面积平均粒径为146.53±1.94 μm),流动性最佳(初始黏度241.07 Pa·s、δ<0.4),说明其外观组织状态最好;LZ-1-R01辣椒浆的类胡萝卜素含量(699.78±9.04 μg/g)最高;7#辣椒浆的辣椒碱和二氢辣椒碱含量最高(12.12±0.17 μg/g和24.14±0.86 μg/g);红龙23辣椒浆的各项品质指标相对均衡。利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用仪(Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry,GC-IMS)从四种辣椒浆中共鉴定出48种挥发性风味化合物,其中7#辣椒浆的总挥发性风味化合物峰强度最高,水杨酸甲酯为H1辣椒浆的特色挥发性成分,3-甲基-2-丁烯醛(D)为7#及LZ-1-R01的关键差异物质,红龙23的关键差异物质则包括3-羟基-2-丁酮(M/D)、丁苯、2-庚酮、丁醛(M/D);进一步结合相对气味活度值(Relative Odor Activity Value,ROAV)判定3-甲硫基丙醛为辣椒浆中的关键挥发性风味物质。基于不同品种辣椒浆品质指标分析认为四种辣椒均适宜制浆,可以根据不同场景需求选择不同特性辣椒浆,例如H1辣椒浆适宜开发佐餐酱料等高顺滑度产品,7#与LZ-1-R01辣椒浆可应用于产品的复配调色。研究为辣椒加工多场景应用提供了新视角。

, authors=田雨菲1, 李格晴1, 孙佳欣1, 周戚薇1, 马燕2, *, 赵靓1, *, 廖小军1, authorsList=田雨菲, 李格晴, 孙佳欣, 周戚薇, 马燕, 赵靓, 廖小军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马燕, 赵靓, authorNote=

田雨菲(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
马燕(1984−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
赵靓(1987−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:。
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注:标注的不同字母表示不同组别间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),图6、图7、图9同。

, figureFileSmall=7TwKwmj4ErOttoOnA1twNw==, figureFileBig=sV5H5ckTIjLtKg5WT2s1Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881494625735064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Particle size distribution curves of four kinds of chili pulp, figureFileSmall=L5FLw21QsIJaxdx891V1NQ==, figureFileBig=ICGafva1WaU/9qGIXtihAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881494688649625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=图3, caption=四种辣椒浆的粒径分布曲线

注:左图为样品粒度的对数分布曲线;右图为十进制粒度分布曲线的多面板呈现,方便更直观地展示各样品粒度分布。

, figureFileSmall=L5FLw21QsIJaxdx891V1NQ==, figureFileBig=ICGafva1WaU/9qGIXtihAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881494768341402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Static rheological curves of four kinds of chili pulp, figureFileSmall=usXX0crbUu8B8LLA0Af4Ww==, figureFileBig=puo9VUdKdQrVBsrqKr2ktQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881494831255963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=图4, caption=四种辣椒浆的静态流变曲线, figureFileSmall=usXX0crbUu8B8LLA0Af4Ww==, figureFileBig=puo9VUdKdQrVBsrqKr2ktQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881494931919260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Dynamic rheological loss factor of four kinds of chili pulp, figureFileSmall=2bSvWATsdKf0Zqh4XYsPQw==, figureFileBig=CUv7kFx5FpZwtLW5HlJ73Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495015805341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=图5, caption=四种辣椒浆的动态流变损耗因子, figureFileSmall=2bSvWATsdKf0Zqh4XYsPQw==, figureFileBig=CUv7kFx5FpZwtLW5HlJ73Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495095497118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison of carotenoid content of four kinds of chili pulp, figureFileSmall=W2+NVUGZ49zL7A8febxr0A==, figureFileBig=vvG/r2Di8gKe5Iyo3rkQ5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495166800287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=图6, caption=四种辣椒浆类胡萝卜素含量对比, figureFileSmall=W2+NVUGZ49zL7A8febxr0A==, figureFileBig=vvG/r2Di8gKe5Iyo3rkQ5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495225520544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Differences of capsaicinoid and dihydrocapsaicinoid contents of four kinds of chili pulp, figureFileSmall=ABScN219lAMeVNnjpEKW/Q==, figureFileBig=2XLEvWmZVhnT6eBTTOJJ3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495296823713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=图7, caption=四种辣椒浆中辣椒碱及二氢辣椒碱的含量差异, figureFileSmall=ABScN219lAMeVNnjpEKW/Q==, figureFileBig=2XLEvWmZVhnT6eBTTOJJ3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495389098402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=GC-IMS two-dimensional spectrum (A) and differential spectra (B) of volatile flavor compounds of four kinds of chili pulp, figureFileSmall=R+QIxceBiqMNTOvXoddbcg==, figureFileBig=VT5t3JPJuuTglrqhV3GGsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495447818659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=图8, caption=四种辣椒浆中挥发性风味物质的GC-IMS二维图谱(A)和差异图谱(B), figureFileSmall=R+QIxceBiqMNTOvXoddbcg==, figureFileBig=VT5t3JPJuuTglrqhV3GGsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495502344612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Quantitative analysis of relative content of volatile substances (A) and peak volume of volatile substances in four kinds of chili pulp (B), figureFileSmall=7jY+WC2pgTxOxsU85UmBdg==, figureFileBig=qY10dHGIsC0yrBYJqECgLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495573647781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=图9, caption=四种辣椒浆挥发性风味化合物相对含量(A)和挥发性风味化合物峰面积的定量分析(B), figureFileSmall=7jY+WC2pgTxOxsU85UmBdg==, figureFileBig=qY10dHGIsC0yrBYJqECgLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495640756646, 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journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=图11, caption=关键挥发性风味化合物聚类分析图, figureFileSmall=kyeQy9AK4bEsO/zOV95wyw==, figureFileBig=RHn9PlrADUq5Cn8Fh/tiTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881495930163626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Color differences of four kinds of chili pulp

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种L*a*b*
LZ-1-R0132.3±1.16c26.09±1.35a14.48±1.36a
H138.38±0.5a23.17±0.29b12.67±0.37ab
7#34.87±0.2b23.47±0.26b11.53±0.17b
红龙2335.55±1.09b23.38±1.32b12.2±0.96b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881495993078187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四种辣椒浆的色泽差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种L*a*b*
LZ-1-R0132.3±1.16c26.09±1.35a14.48±1.36a
H138.38±0.5a23.17±0.29b12.67±0.37ab
7#34.87±0.2b23.47±0.26b11.53±0.17b
红龙2335.55±1.09b23.38±1.32b12.2±0.96b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881496076964268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of particle size parameters of four kinds of chili pulp

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Dx(10)(μm)Dx(50)(μm)Dx(90)(μm)D[4,3](μm)D[3,2](μm)Span
LZ-1-R01124.40±1.31b475.00±6.24b1307.33±31.39a619.13±10.00a177.93±1.81b2.49±0.04a
H1106.87±2.14c352.40±1.78d789.20±6.94c407.47±1.50c146.53±1.94d1.94±0.03c
7#109.73±1.81c432.47±3.35c1184.00±20.30b563.00±5.89b155.27±3.78c2.48±0.05a
红龙23133.20±2.11a496.20±6.16a1241.33±37.54ab613.80±12.84a196.40±3.50a2.23±0.05b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881496144073133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

四种辣椒浆粒径指标的对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Dx(10)(μm)Dx(50)(μm)Dx(90)(μm)D[4,3](μm)D[3,2](μm)Span
LZ-1-R01124.40±1.31b475.00±6.24b1307.33±31.39a619.13±10.00a177.93±1.81b2.49±0.04a
H1106.87±2.14c352.40±1.78d789.20±6.94c407.47±1.50c146.53±1.94d1.94±0.03c
7#109.73±1.81c432.47±3.35c1184.00±20.30b563.00±5.89b155.27±3.78c2.48±0.05a
红龙23133.20±2.11a496.20±6.16a1241.33±37.54ab613.80±12.84a196.40±3.50a2.23±0.05b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881496215376302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis results of the flavor component analysis of four kinds of chili pulp

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别序号化合物英文名化合物中文名风味描述[68]保留指数保留时间(s)迁移时间(ms)相对含量(%)
H17#LZ-1-R01红龙23
醛1phenylacetaldehyde-M苯乙醛-M风信子、水果甜香、杏仁、樱桃、三叶草蜜、可可1034.9530.461.258562.28±0.31ab3.00±0.11a2.86±0.16a2.21±0.23b
2phenylacetaldehyde-D苯乙醛-D风信子、水果甜香、杏仁、樱桃、三叶草蜜、可可1034.1528.9431.541470.55±0.12bc0.92±0.05a0.83±0.07ab0.53±0.09c
3Benzaldehyde-M苯甲醛-M苦杏仁、樱桃及坚果香948.5393.141.152112.22±0.18a2.57±0.03a2.49±0.01a2.59±0.14a
4Benzaldehyde-D苯甲醛-D苦杏仁、樱桃及坚果香950.2395.4161.470490.72±0.1a0.93±0.02a0.96±0.02a0.91±0.11a
53-methylthiopropanal-M3-甲硫基丙醛-M洋葱、肉香、果香903.1338.5151.089023.6±0.08a4.16±0.06a3.94±0.08a4.13±0.05a
63-methylthiopropanal-D3-甲硫基丙醛-D洋葱、肉香、果香901.7336.9971.401492.96±0.23b4.54±0.04a3.85±0.25ab3.86±0.24ab
7( E)-2-hexenal-M(E)-2-己烯醛-M青香、香蕉、脂肪849.3285.8791.182863.27±0.04a3.28±0.06c3.08±0.1c3.48±0.06b
8( E)-2-hexenal-D(E)-2-己烯醛-D青香、香蕉、脂肪847.9284.6431.5189310.1±0.12a9.5±0.15b4.91±0.09c4.51±0.1d
92-furaldehyde2-糠醛甜味、木头、杏仁香、烤面包823.4264.4411.084372.04±0.1a2.04±0.03bc2.22±0.12ab1.81±0.09c
101-hexanal-M1-己醛-M新鲜的、青香、脂肪味、水果味784.2236.0241.260422.47±0.05a2.64±0.05b2.34±0.13c2.77±0.02ab
111-hexanal-D1-己醛-D新鲜的、青香、脂肪味、水果味785.7237.021.565333.26±0.13c5.22±0.18b6.06±0.16b6.99±0.11a
123-Methyl-2-butenal-M3-甲基-2-丁烯醛-M果香777.1231.3461.093731.45±0.05d2.17±0.03a2±0.03b1.81±0.02c
133-Methyl-2-butenal-D3-甲基-2-丁烯醛-D果香775.2230.1411.362991.07±0.04b2.07±0.04a2.14±0.21a1.52±0.08b
14(E)-2-Pentenal-M(E)-2-戊烯醛-M土豆、豌豆744.7211.7581.107162.7±0.04a2.43±0.05b1.96±0.09c1.94±0.15c
15(E)-2-Pentenal-D(E)-2-戊烯醛-D土豆、豌豆742.5210.5521.36064.5±0.33a2.91±0.13b2.89±0.14b2.66±0.09b
163-methylbutanal-M3-甲基丁醛-M巧克力、脂肪味651.1167.9541.164782.34±0.07b2.33±0.06b1.92±0.11c2.67±0.05a
173-methylbutanal-D3-甲基丁醛-D巧克力、脂肪味640.5163.9681.405246.34±0.15c8.89±0.07a7.52±0.08c8.24±0.14b
18Butanal-M丁醛-M刺激性气味、果香、绿叶气味587.4146.5231.098311.44±0.03b1.06±0.29c1.55±0.12b2.79±0.05a
19Butanal-D丁醛-D刺激性气味、果香、绿叶气味589.1147.0321.33950.53±0.07c0.41±0.16c1.18±0.04b4.33±0.2a
202-Methyl-2-propenal2-甲基-2-丙烯醛风信子叶560.9139.1341.218974.12±0.2c5.71±0.07ab5.82±0.19a5.2±0.02b
21Heptanal庚醛青草香混合柑橘皮气息894.4329.2621.332320.77±0.01a0.79±0.02a0.81±0.05a0.83±0.08a
22Pentanal戊醛青草气味、微弱香蕉味679.5179.4891.189260.77±0.01c1.28±0.09b1.12±0.03b1.54±0.04a
酮233-Hexanone3-己酮果香(葡萄)、甜香、朗姆酒786.5237.5821.469830.9±0.01c1.39±0.01b1.51±0.08a1.34±0.03b
243-penten-2-one-M3-戊烯-2-酮-M水果香,贮藏期间变为辛辣的刺激味733.8205.7311.077441.02±0.02a0.97±0.05ab1.04±0.06a0.92±0.15b
253-penten-2-one-D3-戊烯-2-酮-D水果香,贮藏期间变为辛辣的刺激味728.7203.0181.336571.49±0.03c1.51±0.08c2.56±0.08a2.09±0.2b
261 -Hydroxy-2-propanone1-羟基-2-丙酮焦糖香气668.8174.9871.078671.85±0.07a1.78±0.02bc1.65±0.12c1.89±0.02b
272(3H)-Furanone2(3H)-呋喃酮草药、烟草885.9320.4381.122010.79±0.05b1.01±0.03b1.11±0.04a0.97±0.02b
282-Propanone2-丙酮(丙酮)清新、苹果、梨523.3129.991.11320.79±0.27a1.75±0.28a1.54±0.34a1.06±0.17a
292-heptanone2-庚酮梨、香蕉似的果香、轻微的药香886.8321.3191.263240.55±0.02c0.55±0c0.6±0.03b0.92±0.03a
303-hydroxybutan-2-one-M3-羟基-2-丁酮-M黄油味、奶油味711.4194.181.061051.53±0.01b1.33±0.07c1.39±0.14c2.49±0.11a
313-hydroxybutan-2-one-D3-羟基-2-丁酮-D黄油味、奶油味711.4194.181.333271.02±0.03b1.12±0.02b1.13±0.05b2.63±0.33a
32methyl-5-hepten-2-one甲基庚烯酮柑橘味、果味、霉香、酮香983.8443.3021.180330.47±0.01c0.6±0.01c0.75±0.03a0.68±0.02b
醇332-Furanmethanol2-呋喃甲醇甜焦糖味955.3402.2441.260540.65±0.02c0.85±0.01b0.9±0.03a0.82±0.02b
34n-Hexanol正己醇淡青的嫩枝叶气息,微带酒香、果香和脂肪气息869.2304.021.327140.99±0.02a0.84±0.01c0.93±0.04b1±0.02a
351-Pentanol1-戊醇香膏758.1219.5931.254151.44±0.07b1.83±0.05a1.48±0.06b1.61±0.09ab
361-Propanethiol1-丙硫醇卷心菜味620.6156.9691.179492.24±0.16a2.44±0.06a1.93±0.06b2.66±0.02a
37Ethanol乙醇芳香气味418.3110.8541.121143.32±0.11a4.73±0.44a4.55±0.53a3.78±0.15a
381-propanol1-丙醇酒精、刺激性气味574.1142.7011.248153.05±0.12c4.1±0.11ab4.45±0.27a3.46±0.19bc
391-Penten-3-ol1-戊烯-3-醇空灵、青香、热带果香679.7179.5671.357393.78±0.14a2.29±0.07c3.63±0.09b1.58±0.03d
酯40Methyl acetate乙酸甲酯甜香、果香552136.8411.187223.99±0.59b8.5±0.07a7.4±0.52a5.57±0.19b
41Methyl propanoate丙酸甲酯果香,类似苹果、菠萝或朗姆酒香633.1161.31.314242.63±0.09b3.22±0.07ab3.3±0.08a2.62±0.04c
42Methyl salicylate水杨酸甲酯冬青、薄荷1183.6913.9741.210391.31±0.15a0.27±0.07b0.22±0b0.23±0.01b
芳香烃431,4-Dimethylbenzene1,4-二甲苯芳香味856.5292.2611.062270.53±0c1.97±0.03b2.18±0.23b2.71±0.18a
44ethylbenzene乙苯类似汽油或苯的刺鼻芳香味857292.7381.0830.44±0d1.23±0.01c1.77±0.12b2.47±0.13a
45Butylbenzene丁苯弱化芳烃味,类似稀释的甲苯气息1044.5548.8381.214360.58±0.02a0.45±0.01b0.42±0.03b0.75±0.08a
酸46butanoic acid丁酸发酵酸奶酪味道796.2244.2391.167311.12±0.03a1±0.04b1.17±0.11a1.03±0.05b
47Propanoic acid丙酸发酵味684.2181.5521.11362.04±0.07a1.61±0.04bc1.71±0.1b1.41±0.02c
呋喃48Tetrahydrofuran四氢呋喃微弱醚香,略带甜味609.8153.4021.230132±0.09a1.58±0.12c1.84±0.07bc1.91±0.13b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881496320233903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

四种辣椒浆的风味成分分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别序号化合物英文名化合物中文名风味描述[68]保留指数保留时间(s)迁移时间(ms)相对含量(%)
H17#LZ-1-R01红龙23
醛1phenylacetaldehyde-M苯乙醛-M风信子、水果甜香、杏仁、樱桃、三叶草蜜、可可1034.9530.461.258562.28±0.31ab3.00±0.11a2.86±0.16a2.21±0.23b
2phenylacetaldehyde-D苯乙醛-D风信子、水果甜香、杏仁、樱桃、三叶草蜜、可可1034.1528.9431.541470.55±0.12bc0.92±0.05a0.83±0.07ab0.53±0.09c
3Benzaldehyde-M苯甲醛-M苦杏仁、樱桃及坚果香948.5393.141.152112.22±0.18a2.57±0.03a2.49±0.01a2.59±0.14a
4Benzaldehyde-D苯甲醛-D苦杏仁、樱桃及坚果香950.2395.4161.470490.72±0.1a0.93±0.02a0.96±0.02a0.91±0.11a
53-methylthiopropanal-M3-甲硫基丙醛-M洋葱、肉香、果香903.1338.5151.089023.6±0.08a4.16±0.06a3.94±0.08a4.13±0.05a
63-methylthiopropanal-D3-甲硫基丙醛-D洋葱、肉香、果香901.7336.9971.401492.96±0.23b4.54±0.04a3.85±0.25ab3.86±0.24ab
7( E)-2-hexenal-M(E)-2-己烯醛-M青香、香蕉、脂肪849.3285.8791.182863.27±0.04a3.28±0.06c3.08±0.1c3.48±0.06b
8( E)-2-hexenal-D(E)-2-己烯醛-D青香、香蕉、脂肪847.9284.6431.5189310.1±0.12a9.5±0.15b4.91±0.09c4.51±0.1d
92-furaldehyde2-糠醛甜味、木头、杏仁香、烤面包823.4264.4411.084372.04±0.1a2.04±0.03bc2.22±0.12ab1.81±0.09c
101-hexanal-M1-己醛-M新鲜的、青香、脂肪味、水果味784.2236.0241.260422.47±0.05a2.64±0.05b2.34±0.13c2.77±0.02ab
111-hexanal-D1-己醛-D新鲜的、青香、脂肪味、水果味785.7237.021.565333.26±0.13c5.22±0.18b6.06±0.16b6.99±0.11a
123-Methyl-2-butenal-M3-甲基-2-丁烯醛-M果香777.1231.3461.093731.45±0.05d2.17±0.03a2±0.03b1.81±0.02c
133-Methyl-2-butenal-D3-甲基-2-丁烯醛-D果香775.2230.1411.362991.07±0.04b2.07±0.04a2.14±0.21a1.52±0.08b
14(E)-2-Pentenal-M(E)-2-戊烯醛-M土豆、豌豆744.7211.7581.107162.7±0.04a2.43±0.05b1.96±0.09c1.94±0.15c
15(E)-2-Pentenal-D(E)-2-戊烯醛-D土豆、豌豆742.5210.5521.36064.5±0.33a2.91±0.13b2.89±0.14b2.66±0.09b
163-methylbutanal-M3-甲基丁醛-M巧克力、脂肪味651.1167.9541.164782.34±0.07b2.33±0.06b1.92±0.11c2.67±0.05a
173-methylbutanal-D3-甲基丁醛-D巧克力、脂肪味640.5163.9681.405246.34±0.15c8.89±0.07a7.52±0.08c8.24±0.14b
18Butanal-M丁醛-M刺激性气味、果香、绿叶气味587.4146.5231.098311.44±0.03b1.06±0.29c1.55±0.12b2.79±0.05a
19Butanal-D丁醛-D刺激性气味、果香、绿叶气味589.1147.0321.33950.53±0.07c0.41±0.16c1.18±0.04b4.33±0.2a
202-Methyl-2-propenal2-甲基-2-丙烯醛风信子叶560.9139.1341.218974.12±0.2c5.71±0.07ab5.82±0.19a5.2±0.02b
21Heptanal庚醛青草香混合柑橘皮气息894.4329.2621.332320.77±0.01a0.79±0.02a0.81±0.05a0.83±0.08a
22Pentanal戊醛青草气味、微弱香蕉味679.5179.4891.189260.77±0.01c1.28±0.09b1.12±0.03b1.54±0.04a
酮233-Hexanone3-己酮果香(葡萄)、甜香、朗姆酒786.5237.5821.469830.9±0.01c1.39±0.01b1.51±0.08a1.34±0.03b
243-penten-2-one-M3-戊烯-2-酮-M水果香,贮藏期间变为辛辣的刺激味733.8205.7311.077441.02±0.02a0.97±0.05ab1.04±0.06a0.92±0.15b
253-penten-2-one-D3-戊烯-2-酮-D水果香,贮藏期间变为辛辣的刺激味728.7203.0181.336571.49±0.03c1.51±0.08c2.56±0.08a2.09±0.2b
261 -Hydroxy-2-propanone1-羟基-2-丙酮焦糖香气668.8174.9871.078671.85±0.07a1.78±0.02bc1.65±0.12c1.89±0.02b
272(3H)-Furanone2(3H)-呋喃酮草药、烟草885.9320.4381.122010.79±0.05b1.01±0.03b1.11±0.04a0.97±0.02b
282-Propanone2-丙酮(丙酮)清新、苹果、梨523.3129.991.11320.79±0.27a1.75±0.28a1.54±0.34a1.06±0.17a
292-heptanone2-庚酮梨、香蕉似的果香、轻微的药香886.8321.3191.263240.55±0.02c0.55±0c0.6±0.03b0.92±0.03a
303-hydroxybutan-2-one-M3-羟基-2-丁酮-M黄油味、奶油味711.4194.181.061051.53±0.01b1.33±0.07c1.39±0.14c2.49±0.11a
313-hydroxybutan-2-one-D3-羟基-2-丁酮-D黄油味、奶油味711.4194.181.333271.02±0.03b1.12±0.02b1.13±0.05b2.63±0.33a
32methyl-5-hepten-2-one甲基庚烯酮柑橘味、果味、霉香、酮香983.8443.3021.180330.47±0.01c0.6±0.01c0.75±0.03a0.68±0.02b
醇332-Furanmethanol2-呋喃甲醇甜焦糖味955.3402.2441.260540.65±0.02c0.85±0.01b0.9±0.03a0.82±0.02b
34n-Hexanol正己醇淡青的嫩枝叶气息,微带酒香、果香和脂肪气息869.2304.021.327140.99±0.02a0.84±0.01c0.93±0.04b1±0.02a
351-Pentanol1-戊醇香膏758.1219.5931.254151.44±0.07b1.83±0.05a1.48±0.06b1.61±0.09ab
361-Propanethiol1-丙硫醇卷心菜味620.6156.9691.179492.24±0.16a2.44±0.06a1.93±0.06b2.66±0.02a
37Ethanol乙醇芳香气味418.3110.8541.121143.32±0.11a4.73±0.44a4.55±0.53a3.78±0.15a
381-propanol1-丙醇酒精、刺激性气味574.1142.7011.248153.05±0.12c4.1±0.11ab4.45±0.27a3.46±0.19bc
391-Penten-3-ol1-戊烯-3-醇空灵、青香、热带果香679.7179.5671.357393.78±0.14a2.29±0.07c3.63±0.09b1.58±0.03d
酯40Methyl acetate乙酸甲酯甜香、果香552136.8411.187223.99±0.59b8.5±0.07a7.4±0.52a5.57±0.19b
41Methyl propanoate丙酸甲酯果香,类似苹果、菠萝或朗姆酒香633.1161.31.314242.63±0.09b3.22±0.07ab3.3±0.08a2.62±0.04c
42Methyl salicylate水杨酸甲酯冬青、薄荷1183.6913.9741.210391.31±0.15a0.27±0.07b0.22±0b0.23±0.01b
芳香烃431,4-Dimethylbenzene1,4-二甲苯芳香味856.5292.2611.062270.53±0c1.97±0.03b2.18±0.23b2.71±0.18a
44ethylbenzene乙苯类似汽油或苯的刺鼻芳香味857292.7381.0830.44±0d1.23±0.01c1.77±0.12b2.47±0.13a
45Butylbenzene丁苯弱化芳烃味,类似稀释的甲苯气息1044.5548.8381.214360.58±0.02a0.45±0.01b0.42±0.03b0.75±0.08a
酸46butanoic acid丁酸发酵酸奶酪味道796.2244.2391.167311.12±0.03a1±0.04b1.17±0.11a1.03±0.05b
47Propanoic acid丙酸发酵味684.2181.5521.11362.04±0.07a1.61±0.04bc1.71±0.1b1.41±0.02c
呋喃48Tetrahydrofuran四氢呋喃微弱醚香,略带甜味609.8153.4021.230132±0.09a1.58±0.12c1.84±0.07bc1.91±0.13b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881496416702896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

ROAV of characteristic flavor components of four kinds of chili pulp

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物质名称阈值(μg/kg)[74]ROAV
H17#LZ-1-R01红龙23
3-甲硫基丙醛0.2100100100100
3-戊烯-2-酮1.55.113.806.155.03
1-丙硫醇3.12.201.811.602.15
1-己醛4.53.884.024.795.43
丁醛110.540.310.641.62
戊醛120.200.250.240.32
3-甲基丁醛132.041.981.862.10
2-糠醛200.310.230.280.23
2-甲基-2-丙烯醛250.500.520.600.52
水杨酸甲酯400.100.020.010.01
苯甲醛600.150.130.150.15
), ArticleFig(id=1320881496550920625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881125619257898, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

四种辣椒特征性风味成分ROAV

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物质名称阈值(μg/kg)[74]ROAV
H17#LZ-1-R01红龙23
3-甲硫基丙醛0.2100100100100
3-戊烯-2-酮1.55.113.806.155.03
1-丙硫醇3.12.201.811.602.15
1-己醛4.53.884.024.795.43
丁醛110.540.310.641.62
戊醛120.200.250.240.32
3-甲基丁醛132.041.981.862.10
2-糠醛200.310.230.280.23
2-甲基-2-丙烯醛250.500.520.600.52
水杨酸甲酯400.100.020.010.01
苯甲醛600.150.130.150.15
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内蒙古四种角椒制浆适宜性的化学计量学评价
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田雨菲 1 , 李格晴 1 , 孙佳欣 1 , 周戚薇 1 , 马燕 2, * , 赵靓 1, * , 廖小军 1
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏—果蔬基料制造:基础理论、新型加工、质量控制与智能制造(客座主编:徐贞贞、王永涛、李涛;产业顾问:李仁杰) 2026,47(17): 1-14
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏—果蔬基料制造:基础理论、新型加工、质量控制与智能制造(客座主编:徐贞贞、王永涛、李涛;产业顾问:李仁杰) 2026 , 47 (17) : 1 -14
内蒙古四种角椒制浆适宜性的化学计量学评价
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田雨菲1 , 李格晴1, 孙佳欣1, 周戚薇1, 马燕2, * , 赵靓1, * , 廖小军1
作者信息
  • 1中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心,农业农村部果蔬加工重点实验室,食品非热加工北京市重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 2新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所,新疆主要农副产品精深加工工程技术研究中心,新疆农产品加工与保鲜重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
通讯作者:
马燕(1984−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
赵靓(1987−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

田雨菲(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

Chemometric Evaluation of Pulping Suitability of Four Kinds of Horn Peppers from Inner Mongolia
Yufei TIAN1 , Geqing LI1, Jiaxin SUN1, Qiwei ZHOU1, Yan MA2, * , Liang ZHAO1, * , Xiaojun LIAO1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Deep Processing of Major Agricultural and Sideline Products, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Preservation, Urumqi 830091, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100244
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辣椒浆是一种新型辣椒制品,可作为辣椒酱、火锅底料及复合调味料等下游产品的核心基料,其品质直接影响终端产品的市场竞争力。本研究以内蒙古四个品种角椒(LZ-1-R01、H1、7#、红龙23)为研究对象,采用化学计量法结合多元统计对比分析了不同品种辣椒浆的色泽(色差L*、a*、b*,色价)、组织状态(流变特性、粒径)、营养成分(类胡萝卜素、辣椒碱类物质)以及挥发性风味物质等多维品质指标,并评估其加工适宜性。结果表明:H1辣椒浆的亮度最高(38.38±0.5),粒径最小(分布范围在3.12~1430 μm、体积平均粒径为407.47±1.50 μm、面积平均粒径为146.53±1.94 μm),流动性最佳(初始黏度241.07 Pa·s、δ<0.4),说明其外观组织状态最好;LZ-1-R01辣椒浆的类胡萝卜素含量(699.78±9.04 μg/g)最高;7#辣椒浆的辣椒碱和二氢辣椒碱含量最高(12.12±0.17 μg/g和24.14±0.86 μg/g);红龙23辣椒浆的各项品质指标相对均衡。利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用仪(Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry,GC-IMS)从四种辣椒浆中共鉴定出48种挥发性风味化合物,其中7#辣椒浆的总挥发性风味化合物峰强度最高,水杨酸甲酯为H1辣椒浆的特色挥发性成分,3-甲基-2-丁烯醛(D)为7#及LZ-1-R01的关键差异物质,红龙23的关键差异物质则包括3-羟基-2-丁酮(M/D)、丁苯、2-庚酮、丁醛(M/D);进一步结合相对气味活度值(Relative Odor Activity Value,ROAV)判定3-甲硫基丙醛为辣椒浆中的关键挥发性风味物质。基于不同品种辣椒浆品质指标分析认为四种辣椒均适宜制浆,可以根据不同场景需求选择不同特性辣椒浆,例如H1辣椒浆适宜开发佐餐酱料等高顺滑度产品,7#与LZ-1-R01辣椒浆可应用于产品的复配调色。研究为辣椒加工多场景应用提供了新视角。

辣椒浆  /  多元统计分析  /  多维品质  /  加工适宜性  /  品种差异

Chili pulp represents a new category of chili-based products, functioning as the fundamental base material for downstream applications including chili sauces, hot pot soup bases, and compound seasonings. Consequently, the quality of the pulp directly influences the market competitiveness of the terminal products. This study investigated four cultivars of horn peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) from Inner Mongolia (LZ-1-R01, H1, 7#, and HL23). Chemometric methods combined with multivariate statistical analysis were employed to comparatively evaluate the multi-dimensional quality attributes and assess the processing suitability of the resultant chili pulp. These attributes included color properties (L*, a*, b* values, and color value), textural characteristics (rheological properties and particle size distribution), nutritional components (carotenoids and capsaicinoids), and volatile flavor compounds. Results showed that, H1 chili pulp exhibited the best overall appearance and consistency, showing the highest brightness (L* value: 38.38±0.5) and the smallest particle size (distribution range: 3.12 to 1430 μm; volume mean diameter: 407.47±1.50 μm; area mean diameter: 146.53±1.94 μm), and it also demonstrated optimal fluidity (initial viscosity: 241.07 Pa·s, δ<0.4). LZ-1-R01 chili pulp contained the highest carotenoid content (699.78±9.04 μg/g). And 7# chili pulp showed the highest content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin (12.12±0.17 μg/g and 24.14±0.86 μg/g, respectively). HL23 chili pulp presented a relatively balanced profile across all quality indicators. A total of 48 volatile flavor compounds were identified in the four chili pulps using GC-IMS. Among them, 7# chili pulp exhibited the highest total peak intensity of volatile flavor compounds. Methyl salicylate was identified as the characteristic volatile component of H1, while 3-methyl-2-butenal (D) was the key differential compound for 7# and LZ-1-R01. The key differential markers for HL23 included 3-hydroxybutan-2-one (M/D), butylbenzene, 2-heptanone, and butanal (M/D). Furthermore, combined with the ROAV, 3-methylthiopropanal was identified as a key volatile flavor substance in the chili pulp. Based on the quality attribute analysis, all four chili varieties were deemed suitable for pulping. Chili pulps with distinct characteristics could be selected according to specific application requirements; for instance, H1 was suitable for developing high-smoothness products such as table sauces, while 7# and LZ-1-R01 could be utilized for color blending in product formulations. This research provides a novel perspective for the multi-scenario application of chili processing.

chili pulp  /  multivariate statistical analysis  /  multidimensional quality  /  processing suitability  /  variety differences
田雨菲, 李格晴, 孙佳欣, 周戚薇, 马燕, 赵靓, 廖小军. 内蒙古四种角椒制浆适宜性的化学计量学评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 1 -14 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100244
Yufei TIAN, Geqing LI, Jiaxin SUN, Qiwei ZHOU, Yan MA, Liang ZHAO, Xiaojun LIAO. Chemometric Evaluation of Pulping Suitability of Four Kinds of Horn Peppers from Inner Mongolia[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 1 -14 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100244
辣椒(Capsicum spp.)作为全球最重要的调味品作物之一,在中国农业经济与食品工业中占据着重要战略地位。内蒙古因其独特的地理优势及便利的机械化条件已成为国内红辣椒主产区之一,加工用辣椒主要分布在通辽市、巴彦淖尔等地[1],已成为当地主要经济作物[2],据统计,截至2025年9月份,内蒙古自治区辣椒播种面积为105.3万亩,产量为217.4万吨[3]。目前市场辣椒加工制品主要涵盖传统调味品(剁椒、辣椒酱、辣椒油、辣椒粉等)与深加工产品(辣椒素提取物、辣椒红色素、辣椒精等工业原料),传统调味品多为基础单一形态,面临同质化严重、附加值低的问题;深加工产品则长期局限于工业原料属性,辣椒膳食纤维零食、辣椒抗氧化物功能性饮品等终端消费品开发不足,功能性研究则集中于提取效率提升。随着预制菜产业爆发、餐饮连锁化升级及年轻群体对“便捷化、健康化、场景化”食品需求的增长,导致现有产品已无法满足市场对多元化辣椒产品的需求,因此,多场景辣椒加工产品的开发将成为拓展辣椒加工产业高质量发展的新路径。
随着消费者对食品品质与健康属性的需求持续提升,蔬菜浆作为核心加工基料愈发受到关注,其优势主要集中在三个维度:一是具有方便快捷的加工适配性,无需复杂预处理即可直接投入工业化生产,既能大幅缩短食品企业的生产周期,又能灵活适配酱料、饮品、预制菜等多品类加工场景[4];二是能完整保留蔬菜原生膳食纤维,低能量高纤维的健康特性精准契合当下消费者控糖、控脂的健康需求[5−6];三是借助温和制浆工艺,对活性营养成分有较好的保留效果,其营养密度显著高于传统脱水蔬菜制品[7−8]。当前,蔬菜浆在食品行业已应用于烘焙、婴幼儿辅食、代餐等多元化应用场景[9−10],而蔬菜浆加工相关研究多聚焦于南瓜浆、胡萝卜浆、甜菜浆及番茄浆等典型蔬菜浆理化及感官特性研究[11−12]。
近年来,辣椒浆因加工便捷、适用性广,正成为辣椒酱、火锅底料和复合调味品的重要基料,市场前景良好。鲜椒集中成熟、难储藏的问题限制了原料供应周期,而采后集中制浆可有效延长贮藏期并保障高附加值辣椒产品的稳定生产。同时,相较于干制与发酵方式,鲜椒制浆更能保留天然风味与营养,契合“新鲜、健康”的消费趋势。国际上以辣椒浆为基础的产品(如欧美拉差酱以及韩式甜辣酱)需求亦持续上升。开展鲜椒浆制备与品质研究,有助于延伸产业链、丰富产品结构并提升我国辣椒产业的竞争力。目前针对辣椒加工制品的研究基础较为扎实,但多聚焦于干制辣椒(如干燥动力学[13]、干制工艺[14−15])及发酵辣椒(如微生物群落演替[16−18]、特征风味形成[18−19])领域。相比之下,针对鲜椒制品尤其是辣椒基料的品质特性研究相对匮乏,且缺乏系统的原料适宜性评价体系。本研究聚焦于鲜食及加工基料这一薄弱环节,创新性地选取内蒙古地区4种红辣椒为对象,构建了辣椒浆综合评价体系,旨在明确不同品种辣椒浆的品质差异,为辣椒的深加工利用提供理论支撑。
本次研究采用的4种内蒙古红辣椒与当前内蒙古地区主栽的加工专用型品种‘北京红’同为角型椒,但具有更高的产量、更强的抗病性、更优的加工品质以及更好的机械化适配性,能有效解决辣椒加工中现有品种瓶颈。研究分别从色泽、组织状态、营养成分以及挥发性风味物质四个维度探究了不同品种辣椒浆的品质,旨在明确不同辣椒浆的加工适宜性,为辣椒浆的品种选择、工艺优化提供了一定的科学理论指导。
四个品种鲜辣椒,包括LZ-1-R01、H1、7#、红龙23(HL23),椒形均为角型椒,如图1所示,于2024年9月采收自内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市种植基地,由内蒙古自治区包头市农牧业科学研究院提供;丙酮、正庚烷 分析纯,天津市致远化学仪器有限公司;甲醇 色谱纯,德国默克公司;无水硫酸钠 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;类胡萝卜素试剂盒 上海酶联生物有限公司;辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱标准品 上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
LE204E/02电子天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;MA35红外水分测定仪 德国赛多利斯公司;TMS-PRO研究型食品物性分析仪 美国FTC公司;CR-400色差仪 深圳市立新精密仪器设备有限公司;PBJ-G51S破壁机 德国贝尔斯顿科技有限公司;Mastersizer 3000智能激光粒度仪 马尔文帕纳科公司;DHR-2流变仪 沃特世科技(上海)有限公司;TGL-20bR离心机 上海安亭科学仪器厂;KQ3200DE型数控超声波清洗器 昆山市超声仪器有限公司;T9紫外分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限公司;1260高效液相色谱仪 安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司;FlavourSpec®气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用风味分析仪(GC-IMS) 海能未来技术集团股份有限公司。
将四种鲜椒去梗去蒂去籽后分别置于破壁机,在25 ℃,8档转速处理2 min的条件下破碎成浆,并于−40 ℃保存待测。
将鲜椒清洗擦干后,每个品种随机选择3个辣椒,采用全自动色差仪,在大孔反射模式下测定每个辣椒在5个不同位置的L*、a*、b*,计算其平均值表示该辣椒的色差测定结果,其中L*是亮度指数,a*表示红绿值,b*表示黄蓝值。
参照GB 1886.34-2015《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂 辣椒红》的方法并稍作修改。
称取0.5 g的辣椒浆(精确至0.001 g)于50 mL离心管中,加入20 mL丙酮,置于超声波中40 ℃提取20 min,8000 r/min离心5 min,转移上清液至50 mL离心管;重复提取,合并上清液并定容至50 mL。根据实际情况用丙酮进行稀释,使提取液Abs值在0.3~0.7之间,于460 nm下测定吸光度。
根据公式计算辣椒浆色价:
$\rm E_{1\;\text{cm}}^{1\text{%} }460\;nm=\frac{A\times v\times f}{m\times 100} $
式中:A表示样品吸光度;v表示提取时定容体积,mL;f表示稀释倍数;m表示称样质量,g;100为换算系数。
参照王勋等[20]的测定方法并稍作修改。取1 g辣椒浆样品置于智能激光粒度仪中,设置其折射率1.53、颗粒密度1.1,以水作为分散剂,设置其折射率1.33,测定持续时间20 s。以特征数值Dx(10)、Dx(50)、Dx(90)、D[4,3]、D[3,2]、粒径跨度Span值表示具体的粒径分布。其中Dx(10)、Dx(50)、Dx(90)分别代表着四种辣椒浆的累计粒度分布百分数达到10%、50%、90%时所对应的粒径;D[4,3]为体积平均粒径,反映体系中占据体积优势的颗粒尺寸;D[3,2]表示表面积平均粒径,主要体现颗粒的表面积贡献,反映体系的界面特性;Span值反映浆体粒径整体分布宽度。
参照李筱等[21]的测定方法并稍作修改。采用DHR-2流变仪测定辣椒浆的流变特性曲线,选取平板式夹具(直径40 mm,间隙10 mm),使用水循环系统控制测定温度为25±1 ℃。取3 mL辣椒浆置于夹具和平板转子之间,在稳态剪切模式下,设置剪切速率从0.1 s−1指数增加到500 s−1,测定剪切黏度随剪切速率的变化。
参照胡隆孝等[22]的测定方法并稍作修改。仪器、夹具及测定温度同1.2.5.1。振荡剪切模式下,为保证实验在线性粘弹区内进行,设定角频率为10 rad/s,振荡应变由0.001%增加到100%,记录储能模量G'和损耗模量G''随振荡应变的变化;设定应变振幅为0.1%,角频率由0.1 rad/s增加到100 rad/s,记录储能模量G'和损耗模量G''随角频率的变化。
采用植物类胡萝卜素含量检测试剂盒(微板法)进行检测。
类胡萝卜素提取:取0.1 g辣椒浆样品置于10 mL离心管中,加入50 mg提取粉剂和少量Carotenoid Assay Buffer,混匀后补加Carotenoid Assay Buffer至10 mL,避光放置12~36 h,期间晃动数次,使组织与提取试剂充分接触,当组织接近白色时提取完成,在4000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液待测。
类胡萝卜素测定:酶标仪开机预热30 min以上,调节波长至440 nm。取类胡萝卜素提取液200 μL加入96孔板中,以Carotenoid Assay Buffer调零,用酶标仪测定提取液在440 nm处吸光度(A440)。
根据公式计算辣椒浆类胡萝卜素含量:
$ \rm{C}=\frac{A_{440}\times V\times N\times1000}{250\times0.6\times W}\times1000 $
式中:C表示试样中类胡萝卜素含量,μg/g;V表示类胡萝卜素提取液体积,0.01 L;N表示稀释倍数;W表示样品质量,g;250为类胡萝卜素经验消光系数,L/g/cm;0.6为200 μL提取液在酶标板中的光径,cm。
参照GB/T 40348-2021《植物源产品中辣椒素类物质的测定 液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》。
样品前处理:将辣椒制品搅拌均匀,称取5.0 g样品(精确到0.001 g)于50 mL离心管。试样提取:加入3 g无水硫酸钠、15 mL甲醇,涡旋混匀,60 ℃水浴超声15 min,8000 r/min 离心5 min,取上清液于50 mL容量瓶中,残渣重复提取两次。合并提取液,过0.22 μm有机膜。
LC仪器条件:PDA检测器,检测波长280 nm,C18色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5 µm),柱温30 ℃,流动相A为甲醇;B为超纯水,流速1.0 mL/min,等度洗脱条件为A:B=65:35,进样量10 µL。
标准曲线绘制:准确称取辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱标准品1 mg,用甲醇溶解并定容至10 mL,配制成100 μg/mL的标准溶液,稀释为1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、25.0 μg/mL的标准溶液,过0.22 μm有机膜后在上述LC条件下测定,绘制标准曲线。辣椒素标曲为y=8.8134x+1.8881,R2=0.9999;二氢辣椒素标曲为y=3.5577x+0.5456,R2=0.9998。
根据公式计算辣椒浆中辣椒素含量、二氢辣椒素含量:
$\rm W=\frac{C \times V}{m} $
式中:W表示试样中辣椒素或二氢辣椒素的含量,μg/g;C表示由标准曲线上查到的辣椒素或二氢辣椒素含量,μg/mL;V表示样品定容体积,mL;m表示样品质量,g。计算结果表示到小数点后两位。
参照韩蓉等[23]的测定方法并稍作修改。
进样条件:准确称取3.00 g辣椒浆样品,置于20 mL(2 cm×4 cm)顶空进样瓶中,在80 ℃下以500 r/min孵育10 min后进样,顶空进样针温度45 ℃,进样量500 μL,清洗时间0.50 min,采用不分流模式。
GC条件:色谱柱:MXT-5(15 m,0.53 mm ID),柱温60 ℃,载气/漂移气为高纯氮气(>99.999%)。载气的流速梯度:0~2 min,2 mL/min;2~5 min,2~15 mL/min;5~10 min,15~50 mL/min;10~15 min,50~100 mL/min;15~20 min,100 mL/min。
IMS条件:IMS在温度45 ℃和流速150 mL/min条件下运行。
通过FlavourSpec®配套的Libraries search软件内置NIST数据库和IMS数据库对挥发性风味化合物进行定性分析,每个样品重复3次。
采用ROAV对不同品种辣椒浆的关键挥发性风味化合物进行鉴定[24]。选定相对含量较高且感官阈值较低的物质为关键性风味化合物,并设定其ROAV=100,根据公式计算其他挥发性风味化合物的ROAV:
$\rm \text {ROAV}=\frac{T_{\text {stan}} \times C_{\mathrm{ri}}}{C_{\text {rstan}} \times T_{i}} \times 100 $
式中:Tstan表示关键性风味化合物的感觉阈值,μg/kg;Crstan表示关键性风味化合物的相对百分含量,%;Cri表示待测成分相对百分含量,%;Ti表示待测成分感觉阈值,μg/kg。
所有样品开展三重复两平行实验,结果均以平均值±标准差表示。使用Excel 2019记录和处理数据,使用Origin 2025、IBM SPSS Statistic 27及GraphPad Prism等软件系统进行显著性分析(α=0.05)、聚类分析及图表绘制。
色泽是蔬菜浆的重要感官指标之一,直接影响了消费者的接受程度[25]。如表1所示,四个品种辣椒浆中,H1辣椒浆的L*值最高,为38.38±0.5,表明其亮度最高;其次为红龙23辣椒浆,L*值为35.55±1.09。a*、b*分别代表红色值及黄色值,其中LZ-1-R01辣椒浆的a*值(26.09±1.35)显著高于其他样品(P<0.05),且其b*值最大(14.48±1.36)。辣椒浆的色泽差异可能与辣椒品种、色素含量等有关。不同品种辣椒中类胡萝卜素的组成会因其基因表达、农业气候和采获后条件等因素而产生差异,而这种色素组成差异又会影响辣椒的色泽表现,辣椒红素含量高的品种a*值更高,玉米黄素含量高的品种b*值更高[26−28]。本研究中LZ-1-R01辣椒浆的较高的a*值可能归因于其类胡萝卜素的高效积累,正如文献[29]所指出,红色素含量与a*值呈极显著正相关关系,表明该品种在类胡萝卜素合成代谢方面具有遗传优势。H1辣椒浆的L*值最高,这可能与辣椒浆的微观结构有关,与文献[30−31]关于果蔬浆料光学特性的研究类似,较高的L*值往往意味着浆料颗粒更小,对光的反射率更高,这提示H1辣椒浆的颗粒可能更加细腻。
色价是评价加工辣椒色泽的主要指标之一[32]。如图2所示,四种辣椒浆的色价变化范围在2.50~4.26,不同品种辣椒浆差异显著(P<0.05),其中7#的色价最高(4.26±0.07),H1辣椒浆的色价最低(2.5±0.04),这与辣椒品种及成熟度差异有关[33]。杨志刚等[34]测定了92份色素辣椒色价值为5.90~20.62;尹成刚等[35]测定了109份色素辣椒育种材料的色价,发现当前我国色素辣椒主产区主栽品种的色价主要分布区间在9~15。品种间类胡萝卜素含量和色素累积能力等差异是导致色价水平不同的主要因素之一;其次,本研究样品多在适宜加工的技术成熟期采收,相较于文献报道中采用的充分成熟或深红熟期样品,成熟度不足也会导致色素合成不完全,从而降低色价[36];此外,本研究以鲜椒浆为测定对象,而前人的研究对象为干椒,样品水分含量的差异也是测定结果差异的影响因素之一[34−35]。上述品种类型、采收成熟度及测定方法等多种因素的综合作用,可能共同导致本研究辣椒浆色价值普遍低于前人关于色素辣椒材料的研究结果。
粒径反映了辣椒浆的质地细腻度、口感粗糙程度、流动性等特性,粒径越小,辣椒浆质地越细腻、口感更顺滑、流动性更佳,且稳定性较好[37−39]。由表2可知,四种辣椒浆的粒径之间差异显著(P<0.05)。H1品种在多指标中表现突出,其Dx(50)(352.40±1.78 μm)、Dx(90)(789.20±6.94 μm)、D[4,3](407.47±1.50 μm)、D[3,2](146.53±1.94 μm)以及Span值(1.94±0.03)均显著低于其他样品(P<0.05),说明其浆体颗粒均一性高、粒径分布范围窄、无拖尾现象,小颗粒主导表面积贡献,更利于通过界面效应提升体系稳定性[40]。结合图3可知,H1辣椒浆的浆体中小颗粒占比与细化程度均较高、粒度最小且分布最集中。相比之下,红龙23的Dx(10)(133.20±2.11 μm)、Dx(50)(496.20±6.16 μm)及D[3,2](196.40±3.50 μm)最高,说明其颗粒较大,可能会影响产品的质地与稳定性,导致辣椒浆口感粗糙,在贮藏期间存在沉降风险[41]。四种辣椒浆的不同粒径分布趋势基本一致,如图3所示,其中H1辣椒浆的粒径最小且分布更集中,表明浆体均一细腻、稳定性好,具有较好的形态特征。
流变学特性反映了辣椒浆的黏弹特性,是表征其感官品质的重要参数[42]。适当的黏度可为辣椒浆提供更丰富、饱满的口感。本研究考察了不同辣椒浆表观黏度随剪切速率变化的特性,其静态流变曲线如图4所示。各组样品的流变曲线趋势一致:在低剪切速率阶段,样品表现出较高的表观黏度,随着剪切速率的上升,辣椒浆的黏度随之下降,出现剪切稀化现象,说明辣椒浆属于典型的非牛顿流体。相较于其他样品,LZ-1-R01辣椒浆的黏度更高,达575.21 Pa·s,这可能是由于浆体的颗粒较大且不规则,从而影响了其流动性;H1辣椒浆的初始黏度最低,仅为241.07 Pa·s,表现出最优的流动性。
G''与G'的比值称为损耗因子(δ),又称阻尼因子或损耗正切值,用于表征体系的黏弹性比例[43]。由图5可知,δ始终小于1,说明辣椒浆的G'始终大于G'',即弹性大于黏性,固态特性强于液态特性,同时所有样品的δ均小于0.5,说明四种辣椒浆均为弱凝胶体系[44]。其中H1辣椒浆的δ<0.4,低于其他品种(0.4<δ<0.5),表现出更好的液态特性。流变特性与浆料的微观结构密切相关,前人研究表明,果蔬分散体系的流变行为受到分散相粒径大小及其分布特征的影响[45−46]。一般而言,在相同固形物含量下,浆料中颗粒粒径越大,颗粒间易形成较强的物理互锁或网络结构,导致体系的表观黏度和屈服应力增大,流动性降低[47]。本研究中,不同品种流变特性的差异证实了这一规律:H1辣椒浆具有最小的平均粒径且分布最为均匀,颗粒间相互作用力相对较弱,因而表现出最好的流动性。
上述结果表明,H1辣椒浆在静态流变中表现出最低初始黏度和最佳流动性,动态流变特性显示其液体特性更强、弱凝胶结构更松散,其流变性显著优于其他品种辣椒浆。
类胡萝卜素是辣椒呈现红色、橙色或黄色的主要色素来源,直接影响了辣椒浆的色泽和商品价值[48]。由图6可知,四种辣椒浆的类胡萝卜素含量分布在411.52~699.78 μg/g,其中LZ-1-R01辣椒浆中的类胡萝卜素含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),H1和7#辣椒浆中的类胡萝卜素含量相近。类胡萝卜素含量与红辣椒成熟度呈强正相关,在成熟过程中,果实内的叶绿体逐渐解体并转化为富含类胡萝卜素的有色体,同时伴随着类胡萝卜素快速积累[32];此外,基因型差异也是导致品种间含量不同的关键因素,不同辣椒品种(如二荆条、朝天椒、甜椒等)拥有不同的等位基因,调控着类胡萝卜素的合成效率及代谢路径[49]。红龙23含量最低且变异系数最大(20.1%),这可能归因于原料成熟度的均一性较差或其色素稳定性较低。前人研究指出,辣椒果实的成熟度差异会导致色素含量的波动[36];同时,不同基因型辣椒的抗氧化能力及相关酶(如脂氧合酶)活性存在差异[50−51],部分品种在制浆及接触空气过程中,类胡萝卜素极易发生随机的氧化降解[52],从而导致测定结果出现较低均值和较大标准差的现象。因此,红龙23较大的数据波动提示该品种在加工中对原料筛选标准和护色工艺可能有更高的要求。
辣椒碱类是辣椒浆中的重要生物活性成分之一,也是辣椒辛辣味的来源,主要包括辣椒碱和二氢辣椒碱,二者占辣椒碱类物质总量约90%[53]。如图7所示,不同品种辣椒浆中的辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱的范围分别为3.91~12.12 μg/g和6.51~24.14 μg/g,其中7#辣椒浆中的辣椒碱(12.12±0.17 μg/g)和二氢辣椒碱的含量最高(24.14±0.86 μg/g),H1辣椒浆中的辣椒碱含量最低(3.91±0.17 μg/g),LZ-1-R01辣椒浆中的二氢辣椒碱含量最低(6.51±0.58 μg/g)。这种显著的品种间差异主要源于辣椒种质资源的遗传特性不同。辣椒素类物质的生物合成受到Pun1等关键基因及其编码酶活性的调控[54−55],不同基因型辣椒在果实发育过程中合成次生代谢产物的潜能存在天然差异,导致了最终辣度水平的不同[56]。此外,受试辣椒浆中的辣椒碱含量整体较二氢辣椒碱低,这可能与辣椒浆中自身辣椒碱含量及二者结构稳定性有关[57]。二氢辣椒碱含量高于辣椒碱含量是由于二氢辣椒碱中的双键被氢化,结构相对稳定,不易破坏,而辣椒碱分子中的双键(C8-C9)则更易在加工、储存等条件下氧化降解[57−58]。本研究中辣椒碱与二氢辣椒碱的含量整体低于宋晓妍等[59]报道的干制辣椒中对应指标(辣椒碱0.89~2.52 mg/g,二氢辣椒碱0.52~1.55 mg/g),这一差异可能源于加工基质的不同:干辣椒为脱水干燥的固体形态,生物碱稳定性更强,而辣椒浆含有大量水分,加工过程中的破碎、均质操作会破坏辣椒细胞结构,导致部分生物碱溶于水相并发生轻微降解[60−61]。
采用GC-IMS技术对四种辣椒浆的挥发性风味化合物进行分析。图8为辣椒浆样品的总挥发性有机物的二维图谱及差异图谱,样品从左到右依次为H1、7#、LZ-1-R01、红龙23。结果表明,信号集中于迁移时间8.00~10.00 ms、保留时间400 s的区域内,出峰位置、峰数量大致相同,峰强呈现出一定变化,表明不同品种辣椒浆所含挥发性风味化合物种类相似,但含量存在一定差异。
四种辣椒浆中共鉴定出48种挥发性风味化合物,如表3所示,包括22种醛类、10种酮类、7种醇类、3种酯类、3种芳香烃类、2种酸类和1种呋喃类物质。
其中苯乙醛、苯甲醛、3-甲硫基丙醛、(E)-2-己烯醛等11种化合物展现出多特征峰现象,即同时检测到单体(Monomer,M)与二聚体(Dimer,D)的信号峰。这一现象的产生主要归因于IMS的电离与迁移机制:经GC分离的挥发性组分进入电离区后被离子化,当分析物浓度较高时,迁移管中的产物离子在电场驱动下与中性分子发生碰撞并结合,形成离子-分子聚合物,其中二聚体是最常见的形态[62]。
醛类、酮类、醇类和酯类是辣椒浆挥发性风味化合物中的重要组分。其中,醛类物质是不同辣椒浆中的关键风味物质,主要由脂质氧化降解生成[63],赋予了辣椒浆特殊的果香、青草香和脂肪味;酮类物质主要由氨基酸分解代谢及不饱和脂肪酸降解产生,具有花果香和奶油香味,但其阈值较高,且易在高温条件下发生转化[64−65],对辣椒浆的风味影响较弱;检出的7种醇类(如正己醇、1-戊醇、乙醇、1-丙醇等)主要由脂氧合酶及脱氨酶催化生成,赋予辣椒浆柔和的香气特征,这与葛艳争等[66]对辣椒油挥发性风味物质分析的研究结果一致;酯类物质(乙酸甲酯、丙酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯)则主要贡献了果香与甜香。
进一步的品种差异性分析(图9)表明,不同辣椒浆在挥发性组分的构成上存在显著差异。其中H1辣椒浆的醛类物质相对含量最高(56.06%),其特征成分(E)-2-己烯醛相对含量(13.37%±0.16%)显著高于其他样品(P<0.05),是制浆过程中辣椒组织受到机械损伤导致细胞膜破裂,释放出亚油酸和亚麻酸的氧化产物[67],具有青草香、香蕉味和脂肪味;红龙23辣椒浆中酮类物质的相对含量最高(12.33%),LZ-1R-01辣椒浆(11.03%)次之;醇类方面,LZ-1-R01的醇类相对含量最高(14.87%),红龙23相对含量最低(12.27%);7#的酯类相对含量最高(9.71%),其乙酸甲酯相对含量(8.5%±0.07%)也显著高于其他样品(P<0.05),红龙23的酯类相对含量最低(6.93%)。
为了阐明不同辣椒浆挥发性风味的指纹差异,将GC-IMS指纹图谱划分为a、b、c、d、e五个特征区域,如图10所示。区域a中为四种辣椒浆的共性挥发性化合物组分,包括14种醛、6种醇、3种酮、2种酸以及丙酸甲酯,这些化合物在各样本间不仅普遍存在且信号强度无显著差异,表明辣椒品种遗传背景对这些基础代谢产物的合成影响较小,具有较高的保守性。区域b反映了H1样品的低丰度特征,其中乙苯、1,4-二甲苯、戊醛、1-己醛(D)、3-己酮等物质的含量显著低于其他三个品种。区域c主要显示H1中的特征性挥发性风味化合物,其中水杨酸甲酯在H1辣椒浆中的信号强度显著高于其他品种,这种独特的酯类物质为H1提供了丰富的药香与清凉感,显著提升了其风味层次。区域d主要由3-戊烯-2-酮(D)、甲基庚烯酮、3-甲基-2-丁烯醛(D)、乙酸甲酯、苯乙醛(D)、丙酮等8种挥发性有机物组成。其中赋予辣椒浆果香味的3-甲基-2-丁烯醛(D)、苯乙醛(D)、乙酸甲酯在7#、LZ-1-R01中含量高于其它品种。区域e为红龙23辣椒浆的差异性化合物,信号显著高于其他品种辣椒浆,包括3-羟基-2-丁酮(M/D)、丁苯、2-庚酮、丁醛(M/D),其中3-羟基-2-丁酮赋予辣椒浆黄油味、奶油味带来的浓厚感[69];丁醛及丁苯等物质的存在加强了辣椒浆的刺激性气味[70]。
ROAV是评估挥发性风味成分对整体香气贡献强度的关键指标,其值越大,表明该成分对整体香气的贡献越大,ROAV≥1的成分通常被认为是关键香气物质,而ROAV在0.1~1范围的挥发性风味化合物可能通过潜在协同作用影响样品的整体香气,即对香气仅具有一定的修饰作用[71]。
在不同品种辣椒浆中,选定相对含量较高且感官阈值较低的3-甲硫基丙醛为关键性风味化合物,设定其ROAVstan为100,ROAV分析结果如表4所示,H1、7#、LZ-1-R01和红龙23四组辣椒浆样品中分别筛选出5、5、5和6种关键挥发性风味化合物,其中共有的关键香气成分5种,包括3-甲硫基丙醛、3-戊烯-2-酮、1-丙硫醇、1-己醛、3-甲基丁醛,它们共同构建了辣椒浆水果香、青蔬香及油脂香的基础风味轮廓。此外,在红龙23辣椒浆中,丁醛也作为关键香气物质,贡献了果香和绿叶气味。同时,研究还筛选出对辣椒浆香气具有修饰作用的挥发性风味化合物(0.1<ROAV<1)共6种,包括5种醛类和1种酯类。其中,3-甲硫基丙醛、3-甲基丁醛、丁醛等醛类可以通过激活口腔中的钙感知受体CaSR,作为其正向变构调节剂,增强咸味和鲜味的感知强度[72];同时,具有不同香气特征的化合物之间存在协同作用,这种复杂的相互作用使辣椒浆香气更加复杂和立体,而非单一维度的刺激[73]。
由样品的聚类分析结果(图11)可知,4种辣椒浆样品在欧氏距离聚类下可分为两大支系:红龙23单独聚为一支,其对应热图红色系区域较多,丁醛、1-己醛的相对含量高于其他样品,结合风味属性,这些组分赋予红龙23以强烈的刺激性青草香、清新果香为主的醛酮类风味轮廓;H1、7#、LZ-1-R01共同聚为另一支,热图显示其高含量化合物集中于3-甲基丁醛、3-甲硫基丙醛等组分,整体呈现柔和的脂肪香-果香复合轮廓,刺激性香气弱于红龙23,其中,7#和LZ-1-R01辣椒浆中的挥发性风味化合物更为相似,这可能与品种间的亲缘性有关[73−75]。从化合物聚类结果来看,所有关键挥发性化合物可进一步分为2个核心簇,其中簇1(包含2-甲基-2-丙烯醛、丁醛等)为4种辣椒浆中含量较低且品种间差异较小的挥发性化合物,簇2(3-甲基丁醛、1-己醛、3-甲硫基丙醛)则是辣椒浆中含量较高的核心风味贡献物质,其中1-己醛在H1中的含量显著低于其他品种。鲜椒品种等因素可影响辣椒浆挥发性风味化合物的形成,这与Li等[76]针对不同品种辣椒制备辣椒油的研究结果一致。例如,朝天椒辣椒油中,己醛、辛醛等脂肪族醛类化合物的相对含量较甜椒品种高40%以上,这类醛类物质是赋予辣椒油青草香、果香特征的核心组分;而灯笼椒品种辣椒油中,乙酸乙酯、苯甲酸甲酯等酯类物质的占比显著高于辛辣型品种,使其呈现更柔和的甜香气息;同时,该研究还指出,辣椒品种的风味物质差异与其自身的辣椒素合成能力、脂肪酸代谢水平等生理特性直接相关。
综上所述,不同品种辣椒浆香气成分存在一定的相似性和差异性,这与生长条件、成熟度和遗传背景等因素有关,造成它们风味的普遍性与独特性。7#及LZ-1-R01辣椒浆中含有较多提供果香味的挥发性风味化合物;H1辣椒浆具有独特的冬青及薄荷味;红龙23辣椒浆中油脂风味化合物含量较高;后续生产可根据其风味不同,选择适宜不同应用场景的辣椒加工品种。
本研究运用多维品质指标检测与化学计量学方法,系统证实了四种内蒙古角椒均具制浆潜力,但受遗传背景影响,其在物理质地、营养活性及风味轮廓上呈现出品种特异性分化。研究发现,H1凭借较小的浆体粒径及低黏度展现出最优的流变特性,适宜开发佐餐酱料等高顺滑度产品;7#与LZ-1-R01则分别呈现出“高辣高色”与富含类胡萝卜素的特征,可应用于辣椒酱或预制菜等产品的复配调色;红龙23表现出较为均衡的品质特性。通过GC-IMS技术构建的风味指纹图谱进一步解析了以3-甲硫基丙醛为核心的风味物质差异分布。研究建立了基于“质地-营养-风味”多维视角的原料筛选策略,为企业辣椒制浆加工基料选择和辣椒浆深度开发利用提供了理论参考依据。未来研究中,深入挖掘辣椒品种资源中的特征功效组分,建立辣椒制浆加工适宜性数据库,探寻不同预处理方式对辣椒浆的稳态化影响,将为辣椒资源的精准化分级利用与高附加值产品的定制化开发提供坚实的科学依据。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100244
  • 接收时间:2025-10-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-23
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    1中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心,农业农村部果蔬加工重点实验室,食品非热加工北京市重点实验室,北京 100083
    2新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所,新疆主要农副产品精深加工工程技术研究中心,新疆农产品加工与保鲜重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091

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马燕(1984−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
赵靓(1987−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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