Article(id=1320881094359109926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110206, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763568000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852193679, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852193679, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852193679, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852193679, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=63, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881094573019431, articleId=1320881094359109926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Citrus sinensis Osbeck Pomace, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To promote the high-value utilization of Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace, hot air drying (HAD), heat pump drying (HPD) and microwave-heat pump (MW-HPD) combined drying were used to prepare pomace powders. The effects of different drying methods on the physical properties, nutritional quality, and functional activity of the powders were systematically evaluated. Among the tested conditions, microwave pretreatment for 7 min followed by heat pump drying at 60 ℃ markedly shortened the drying time by approximately 300 min compared with conventional hot air drying, while simultaneously yielding powders with improved color characteristics and flowability. In terms of powder properties, the HPD (60 ℃) sample exhibited the smallest and most uniform particle size distribution, along with higher water-holding capacity (3.79 g/g) and oil-holding capacity (1.86 mL/g). The HAD (60 ℃) sample showed the highest bulk density (0.84 g/mL), suggesting better suitability for compression-based applications, whereas the HPD (60 ℃) sample possessed a relatively larger specific surface area, indicating its potential for use as a functional food ingredient. Regarding bioactive compounds, the MW-HPD (7 min, 60 ℃) sample showed the highest total phenolic content (9.07 mg/g), which was 53.73% higher than that of the HAD (60 ℃) sample, whereas the HPD (60 ℃) sample exhibited the highest soluble dietary fiber content (10.98%). In terms of functional activity, the HPD (60 ℃) sample exhibited strong reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging capacity, with reducing power value and DPPH radical-scavenging rate of 1.55 and 73.77%, respectively, and significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells (P<0.05), with a decrease of 37.4% compared to the model group, indicating notable anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, MW-HPD (7 min, 60 ℃) powder exhibited suitable characteristics for incorporation as a functional ingredient into solid beverages and various food systems, whereas HPD (60 ℃) powder, with its high specific surface area, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, was more suitable for surface adsorption in functional foods and for the formulation of functional products.

, authors=Fuxia HU1, Chao MA1, Xue WANG2, Bohua ZHANG1, Ming ZHANG1, *, authorsList=Fuxia HU, Chao MA, Xue WANG, Bohua ZHANG, Ming ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881097269956916, articleId=1320881094359109926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣品质的影响, columnId=1320881080014582693, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏—果蔬基料制造:基础理论、新型加工、质量控制与智能制造(客座主编:徐贞贞、王永涛、李涛;产业顾问:李仁杰), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用热风干燥、热泵干燥及微波热泵联合干燥技术制备脐橙果渣粉,探究不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣粉物理性质、营养品质及抗氧化和抗炎活性的影响,为脐橙果渣的精深加工与高值化利用提供理论依据。结果表明:微波热泵联合干燥的干燥效率高于热风干燥和热泵干燥,其中微波7 min+热泵60 ℃干燥效率最高,较热风干燥缩短300 min,且在粉体色泽和粉体流动性方面相对较好;60 ℃热泵干燥粉体的粒径最小且分布均匀,持水力和持油力分别为3.79 g/g和1.86 mL/g;60 ℃热风干燥组的堆积密度最高,为0.84 g/mL;60 ℃热泵干燥组的比表面积较大,可作为功能性原料吸附在食品表面。营养成分方面,微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥样品的多酚含量最高为9.07 mg/g,较热风干燥提高53.73%,而60 ℃热泵干燥样品的可溶性膳食纤维含量最高为10.98%。抗氧化活性方面,60 ℃热泵干燥样品表现出较强的还原力与DPPH自由基清除能力,其还原力值和DPPH自由基清除率分别为1.55和73.77%;在抗炎活性方面,60 ℃热泵干燥粉体能显著降低LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞中NO的产生,较模型组下降37.4%(P<0.05),表现出良好的抗炎活性。综上,微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥粉体,在干燥效率、粉体色泽及粉体流动性等方面表现较优,且具有较好的营养品质,适宜作为功能配料添加到固体饮料等食品中;60 ℃热泵干燥样品因其较高的比表面积、抗氧化和抗炎活性,可用于功能食品开发或吸附在食品表面。

, authors=胡付侠1, 马超1, 王雪2, 张博华1, 张明1, *, authorsList=胡付侠, 马超, 王雪, 张博华, 张明, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张明, authorNote=

胡付侠(1996−),女,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向:天然产物提取及评价,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张明(1988−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:天然产物提取及功能食品开发,E-mail:。
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International Immunopharmacology, 2017, 49: 21−29., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881415139476330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881415147864939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, companyId=1320881415139476330, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Jinan Fruit Research Institute, China Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Jinan 250014, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881415156253548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, companyId=1320881415139476330, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中华全国供销合作总社济南果品研究所,山东济南 250014)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881415223362413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881415227556718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, companyId=1320881415223362413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shandong University of Agricultural Engineering, Zibo 255300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881415235945327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, companyId=1320881415223362413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山东农业工程学院,山东淄博 255300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881419258282899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of different drying methods on dehydration rate of Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace, figureFileSmall=KtrSQGW6Ke05aHFtiK8/hQ==, figureFileBig=Y+l9gxnPm3eJhwTna0mMKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881419346363284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣干燥速率的影响, figureFileSmall=KtrSQGW6Ke05aHFtiK8/hQ==, figureFileBig=Y+l9gxnPm3eJhwTna0mMKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881419442832277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different drying methods on the water-holding and oil-holding capacity of Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace, figureFileSmall=PVC3I30GGmE0O9jzRQ1hKw==, figureFileBig=ZgDA8VuqmL3RMQ12C5Jwng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881419535106966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣持水力和持油力的影响

注:图中标注不同字母的值表示差异显著(P<0.05),图3~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=PVC3I30GGmE0O9jzRQ1hKw==, figureFileBig=ZgDA8VuqmL3RMQ12C5Jwng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881419602215831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different drying methods on the polyphenol and soluble dietary fiber content of Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace, figureFileSmall=jU0THoK9AUHbV/sZLtW9+w==, figureFileBig=b0IFcoZWOgovaLFziCNESQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881419681907608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣多酚和可溶性膳食纤维含量的影响, figureFileSmall=jU0THoK9AUHbV/sZLtW9+w==, figureFileBig=b0IFcoZWOgovaLFziCNESQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881419744822169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of different drying methods on the reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging rate of Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace, figureFileSmall=f8upFeloC5IrGx7Pm1CTyg==, figureFileBig=60M8BahRcZj30Xvac2pshw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881419841291162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣还原力和DPPH自由基清除率的影响, figureFileSmall=f8upFeloC5IrGx7Pm1CTyg==, figureFileBig=60M8BahRcZj30Xvac2pshw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881419908400027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of different Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells, figureFileSmall=i2pQlFuMYOaCy68V9kn1VA==, figureFileBig=V44+VK4DkSEGP0jJFE9Ubw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881419962925980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同脐橙果渣对RAW 264.7细胞存活率的影响, figureFileSmall=i2pQlFuMYOaCy68V9kn1VA==, figureFileBig=V44+VK4DkSEGP0jJFE9Ubw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881420030034845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of different Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace on the NO production of RAW 264.7 cells, figureFileSmall=Q2/7F2TWmFymzoUlSn4HVQ==, figureFileBig=TAXsn/bNafiuBaAilyCAhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881420088755102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同脐橙果渣对RAW 264.7细胞NO产生量的影响, figureFileSmall=Q2/7F2TWmFymzoUlSn4HVQ==, figureFileBig=TAXsn/bNafiuBaAilyCAhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881420176835487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of different drying methods on the color of Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标不同干燥方式
60 ℃热风干燥60 ℃热泵干燥微波4 min+60 ℃热泵微波7 min+60 ℃热泵微波10 min+60 ℃热泵
L*70.23±0.17e73.53±0.17d75.47±0.20c78.66±0.32a76.20±0.16b
a*13.59±0.17b14.33±0.37a13.77±0.11b13.89±0.09b14.22±0.13a
b*43.44±0.19d53.00±0.27a49.77±0.15b46.08±0.14c40.90±0.11e
), ArticleFig(id=1320881420248138656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标不同干燥方式
60 ℃热风干燥60 ℃热泵干燥微波4 min+60 ℃热泵微波7 min+60 ℃热泵微波10 min+60 ℃热泵
L*70.23±0.17e73.53±0.17d75.47±0.20c78.66±0.32a76.20±0.16b
a*13.59±0.17b14.33±0.37a13.77±0.11b13.89±0.09b14.22±0.13a
b*43.44±0.19d53.00±0.27a49.77±0.15b46.08±0.14c40.90±0.11e
), ArticleFig(id=1320881420315247521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different drying methods on the particle sizes of Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标不同干燥方式
60 ℃热风干燥60 ℃热泵干燥微波4 min+60 ℃热泵微波7 min+60 ℃热泵微波10 min+60 ℃热泵
D10(mm)13.78±0.11a11.73±0.15b10.67±0.05d11.16±0.06c11.72±0.06b
D50(mm)64.19±0.17a43.92±0.27e47.69±0.10d48.55±0.13c53.69±0.46b
D90(mm)180.13±2.20a133.79±0.86d131.48±0.82d139.07±1.99c149.93±1.57b
跨度2.59±0.01a2.45±0.02d2.46±0.01d2.55±0.01c2.57±0.01b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881420386550690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣粒径的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标不同干燥方式
60 ℃热风干燥60 ℃热泵干燥微波4 min+60 ℃热泵微波7 min+60 ℃热泵微波10 min+60 ℃热泵
D10(mm)13.78±0.11a11.73±0.15b10.67±0.05d11.16±0.06c11.72±0.06b
D50(mm)64.19±0.17a43.92±0.27e47.69±0.10d48.55±0.13c53.69±0.46b
D90(mm)180.13±2.20a133.79±0.86d131.48±0.82d139.07±1.99c149.93±1.57b
跨度2.59±0.01a2.45±0.02d2.46±0.01d2.55±0.01c2.57±0.01b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881420453659555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different drying methods on the liquidity and compression molding of Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标不同干燥方式
60 ℃热风干燥60 ℃热泵干燥微波4 min+60 ℃热泵微波7 min+60 ℃热泵微波10 min+60 ℃热泵
休止角(°)43.43±0.67a35.67±0.55b31.50±0.75c26.43±0.57d27.10±0.44d
滑动角(°)48.20±0.60a43.83±0.75b41.83±0.45c37.47±0.55e38.60±0.46d
堆积密度(g/mL)0.84±0.01a0.79±0.02b0.71±0.02d0.68±0.01e0.76±0.02c
比表面积(m2/g)0.081±0.01b0.089±0.00a0.081±0.00b0.070±0.01c0.080±0.00b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881420516574116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881094359109926, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣流动性和压缩成型性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标不同干燥方式
60 ℃热风干燥60 ℃热泵干燥微波4 min+60 ℃热泵微波7 min+60 ℃热泵微波10 min+60 ℃热泵
休止角(°)43.43±0.67a35.67±0.55b31.50±0.75c26.43±0.57d27.10±0.44d
滑动角(°)48.20±0.60a43.83±0.75b41.83±0.45c37.47±0.55e38.60±0.46d
堆积密度(g/mL)0.84±0.01a0.79±0.02b0.71±0.02d0.68±0.01e0.76±0.02c
比表面积(m2/g)0.081±0.01b0.089±0.00a0.081±0.00b0.070±0.01c0.080±0.00b
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不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣品质的影响
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胡付侠 1 , 马超 1 , 王雪 2 , 张博华 1 , 张明 1, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏—果蔬基料制造:基础理论、新型加工、质量控制与智能制造(客座主编:徐贞贞、王永涛、李涛;产业顾问:李仁杰) 2026,47(17): 63-71
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏—果蔬基料制造:基础理论、新型加工、质量控制与智能制造(客座主编:徐贞贞、王永涛、李涛;产业顾问:李仁杰) 2026 , 47 (17) : 63 -71
不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣品质的影响
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胡付侠1 , 马超1, 王雪2, 张博华1, 张明1, *
作者信息
  • 1中华全国供销合作总社济南果品研究所,山东济南 250014
  • 2山东农业工程学院,山东淄博 255300
通讯作者:
张明(1988−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:天然产物提取及功能食品开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

胡付侠(1996−),女,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向:天然产物提取及评价,E-mail:

Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Citrus sinensis Osbeck Pomace
Fuxia HU1 , Chao MA1, Xue WANG2, Bohua ZHANG1, Ming ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Jinan Fruit Research Institute, China Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Jinan 250014, China
  • 2Shandong University of Agricultural Engineering, Zibo 255300, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110206
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采用热风干燥、热泵干燥及微波热泵联合干燥技术制备脐橙果渣粉,探究不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣粉物理性质、营养品质及抗氧化和抗炎活性的影响,为脐橙果渣的精深加工与高值化利用提供理论依据。结果表明:微波热泵联合干燥的干燥效率高于热风干燥和热泵干燥,其中微波7 min+热泵60 ℃干燥效率最高,较热风干燥缩短300 min,且在粉体色泽和粉体流动性方面相对较好;60 ℃热泵干燥粉体的粒径最小且分布均匀,持水力和持油力分别为3.79 g/g和1.86 mL/g;60 ℃热风干燥组的堆积密度最高,为0.84 g/mL;60 ℃热泵干燥组的比表面积较大,可作为功能性原料吸附在食品表面。营养成分方面,微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥样品的多酚含量最高为9.07 mg/g,较热风干燥提高53.73%,而60 ℃热泵干燥样品的可溶性膳食纤维含量最高为10.98%。抗氧化活性方面,60 ℃热泵干燥样品表现出较强的还原力与DPPH自由基清除能力,其还原力值和DPPH自由基清除率分别为1.55和73.77%;在抗炎活性方面,60 ℃热泵干燥粉体能显著降低LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞中NO的产生,较模型组下降37.4%(P<0.05),表现出良好的抗炎活性。综上,微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥粉体,在干燥效率、粉体色泽及粉体流动性等方面表现较优,且具有较好的营养品质,适宜作为功能配料添加到固体饮料等食品中;60 ℃热泵干燥样品因其较高的比表面积、抗氧化和抗炎活性,可用于功能食品开发或吸附在食品表面。

脐橙果渣  /  干燥方式  /  物理性质  /  营养品质  /  功能活性

To promote the high-value utilization of Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace, hot air drying (HAD), heat pump drying (HPD) and microwave-heat pump (MW-HPD) combined drying were used to prepare pomace powders. The effects of different drying methods on the physical properties, nutritional quality, and functional activity of the powders were systematically evaluated. Among the tested conditions, microwave pretreatment for 7 min followed by heat pump drying at 60 ℃ markedly shortened the drying time by approximately 300 min compared with conventional hot air drying, while simultaneously yielding powders with improved color characteristics and flowability. In terms of powder properties, the HPD (60 ℃) sample exhibited the smallest and most uniform particle size distribution, along with higher water-holding capacity (3.79 g/g) and oil-holding capacity (1.86 mL/g). The HAD (60 ℃) sample showed the highest bulk density (0.84 g/mL), suggesting better suitability for compression-based applications, whereas the HPD (60 ℃) sample possessed a relatively larger specific surface area, indicating its potential for use as a functional food ingredient. Regarding bioactive compounds, the MW-HPD (7 min, 60 ℃) sample showed the highest total phenolic content (9.07 mg/g), which was 53.73% higher than that of the HAD (60 ℃) sample, whereas the HPD (60 ℃) sample exhibited the highest soluble dietary fiber content (10.98%). In terms of functional activity, the HPD (60 ℃) sample exhibited strong reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging capacity, with reducing power value and DPPH radical-scavenging rate of 1.55 and 73.77%, respectively, and significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells (P<0.05), with a decrease of 37.4% compared to the model group, indicating notable anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, MW-HPD (7 min, 60 ℃) powder exhibited suitable characteristics for incorporation as a functional ingredient into solid beverages and various food systems, whereas HPD (60 ℃) powder, with its high specific surface area, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, was more suitable for surface adsorption in functional foods and for the formulation of functional products.

Citrus sinensis Osbeck pomace  /  drying method  /  physical properties  /  nutritional quality  /  functional activity
胡付侠, 马超, 王雪, 张博华, 张明. 不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 63 -71 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110206
Fuxia HU, Chao MA, Xue WANG, Bohua ZHANG, Ming ZHANG. Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Citrus sinensis Osbeck Pomace[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 63 -71 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110206
脐橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)又名抱子橘、双头橙,隶属于芸香科柑橘属,是我国栽培历史悠久的重要柑橘类水果,主要集中分布于江西、四川、重庆、湖北与湖南等地区[1]。其中,赣南地区是我国乃至全球重要的优质脐橙产区,独特的红壤丘陵地貌、亚热带湿润气候及显著的昼夜温差为其优良品质形成提供了适宜生态条件。据统计,2024年赣南脐橙种植面积约180万亩,总产量超过150万吨,占全国脐橙总产量的近40%,全产业链产值超过300亿元,已成为当地农业经济和乡村振兴的重要支柱产业[2]。
赣南脐橙是我国重要的特色柑橘资源,不仅风味独特,还富含维生素、多糖、矿物元素等营养物质,同时含有多酚、类黄酮及膳食纤维等具有生物活性的成分,具有良好的抗氧化、抗炎与免疫调节功能[3−5]。脐橙在果汁、果酱及果干等加工过程中,会产生大量副产物如脐橙果渣等。已有研究表明,脐橙果渣中富含多酚类化合物、膳食纤维及果胶等功能成分,具有较高的开发潜力和利用价值[6−7]。然而,目前脐橙果渣除少部分被用于饲料或有机肥外,大多未得到有效利用,造成资源浪费和环境污染。在橙果渣资源化利用过程中,干燥是实现其稳定化保存和深度加工的关键环节。然而,脐橙果渣中多酚等活性成分对温度和氧化条件较为敏感,易发生活性组分降解或结构破坏,从而影响其营养品质和功能特性。因此,开发高效、低耗且有利于保留活性成分的干燥工艺,对促进脐橙副产物的综合利用具有重要意义。
常用的果蔬干燥方式包括热风、热泵、微波及真空冷冻干燥等技术[8−9]。热风干燥因设备简单、运行成本低而应用广泛,但存在能耗偏高、处理时间较长及易导致品质下降等问题[10]。微波干燥可缩短干燥周期并提升能效,但易出现加热不均与局部过热现象[11]。真空冷冻干燥虽然能最大限度维持产品的色泽与活性物质,但设备投入及操作成本较高。热泵干燥作为一种新型节能干燥技术,凭借低温、高效、能耗低等优势,在果蔬高品质干制中得到广泛关注[12−13]。近年来,多种干燥方式的耦合应用受到广泛关注,其中微波–热泵联合干燥能够在提高干燥效率的同时减少热敏性成分降解,改善干燥均匀性与产品品质保持效果[14−15],在果蔬副产物高值化利用领域展现出良好的应用前景。本研究以赣南脐橙果渣为原料,采用热风干燥、热泵干燥及微波-热泵耦合干燥方式,系统比较不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣粉体物理特性、营养成分、抗氧化和抗炎活性的影响,旨在筛选出高效、节能且品质优良的干燥工艺,为脐橙果渣的精深加工与综合利用提供理论依据和技术参考。
赣南脐橙 购自江西省赣州市果园,果实直径在80 mm左右,成熟度七至八成,果实表面无机械损伤和病虫害;小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW 264.7 上海ATCC细胞库;福林酚 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;铁氰化钾、淀粉葡萄糖苷酶(100000 U/g) 天津市大茂化学试剂厂;高温α-淀粉酶(40000 U/g)、蛋白酶(50000 U/g)、NO试剂盒、Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)试剂 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS) 美国Sigma公司;无水乙醇、氢氧化钠、三氯化铁、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠 均为分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
BT-9300H激光粒度分布仪 丹东市百特仪器有限公司;WSC-S测色色差计 上海仪电物理光学仪器有限公司;DGG-9070B电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海森信实验仪器有限公司;1P空气能热泵柜式烘干机 山东大琨能源科技有限公司;WZD4S-01型微波设备 南京三乐微波技术发展有限公司;MA160-1CN快速水分测定仪 北京赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司。
新鲜赣南脐橙→果实筛选→鲜果清洗→榨汁→沥干果渣→热风干燥/热泵干燥/微波热泵耦合干燥→干制脐橙果渣→铝箔袋包装封口→成品。
挑选出无病虫害、无机械损伤、无腐烂、形状相似、颜色均匀和大小相近的脐橙果实,纯净水洗净表面灰尘和污渍,沥干水分,榨汁机榨汁,取果渣,均匀平铺于干燥料盘中,物料厚度不超过1 cm。分别采用热风干燥、热泵干燥、微波-热泵联合干燥三种方式干燥脐橙果渣,直至水分含量低于10%以下。热风干燥:干燥温度60 ℃,风速1.2 m/s。热泵干燥:干燥温度60 ℃,风机转速1.2 m/s。微波-热泵联合干燥:微波功率1.0 kW、真空度0.1 kPa,微波时间分别设置为4、7和10 min,转入60 ℃恒温热泵干燥[16]。采用多功能粉碎机粉碎不同干燥方式制得的脐橙果渣,过80目筛,得到脐橙果渣粉体,铝箔袋包装封口备用。
采用快速水分测定仪测定脐橙果渣的含水率。
采用色差计对不同干燥方式处理的脐橙果渣粉体进行色泽测定,使用CIELAB表色系统测定样品的L*、a*和b*值,以评估其色差变化。
使用激光粒度分析仪对不同干燥的脐橙果渣进行粒径分布和比表面积的测定。
休止角和滑动角的测定参照文献[17−18]。
称取脐橙果渣粉体各10.0 g左右于50 mL量筒中,振实,直至量筒内物料体积不再变化,读取物料体积,重复测定三次,取平均值[19]。计算公式如下:
$\rm 堆积密度(g/mL)= \frac{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{V}} $
式中:m表示脐橙果渣粉体质量,g;V表示物料体积,mL。
称取脐橙果渣粉体各1.0 g于100 mL烧杯中,加入40 mL蒸馏水,磁力搅拌器慢速搅拌30 min,随后将样液转入50 mL离心管中,室温下4000 r/min离心20 min,除去上清液,称量沉淀质量[20]。计算公式如下:
$\rm 持水力(g/g) =\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}-{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}} $
式中:m1表示脐橙果渣粉体质量,g;m2表示沉淀质量,g。
称取脐橙果渣粉体各5.0 g于50 mL离心管中,加入40 mL花生调和油,充分搅拌均匀后静置30 min,4000 r/min离心20 min,记录上清油液体积[21],计算公式如下:
$\rm 持油力(mL/g) =\frac{40-\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{m}} $
式中:m表示脐橙果渣粉体质量,g;V表示上清油液体积,mL。
参照王飞飞等[22]的方法稍作修改,以没食子酸标准品为对照品,测定样品溶液在765 nm波长处的吸光度,以没食子酸标准品的浓度x(mg/mL)为横坐标、吸光度y为纵坐标,制作标准曲线,得到回归方程:y=0.0409x+0.0543,R2=0.9996。
称取脐橙果渣粉体各2.0 g置于50 mL提取管中,按料液比1:10加入50%乙醇,70 ℃水浴提取1 h后,滤液转入50 mL容量瓶中定容备用。取100 μL多酚提取液于具塞试管中,加入1.0 mL福林酚试剂,混匀静置10 min,随后加入1.0 mL 10%的Na2CO3溶液混匀,室温下反应30 min,765 nm波长处测定吸光度。利用标准曲线计算脐橙果渣多酚的浓度,并依照下列公式计算多酚含量,以没食子酸计。
$ \rm{多}酚含量(mg/g)=\frac{\mathrm{C}\times\mathrm{V}\times\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{m}} $
式中:m表示脐橙果渣粉体质量,g;C表示脐橙果渣多酚浓度,mg/mL;V表示提取液体积,mL;N表示稀释倍数。
采用GB 5009.88-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中膳食纤维的测定》方法,进行脐橙果渣可溶性膳食纤维含量的测定。
称取0.5 g的脐橙果渣粉于50 mL离心管中,加入25 mL蒸馏水,室温超声提取30 min后4000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液作为样品溶液。
样品的总还原能力参照CHANG等[23]方法进行测定。将2.0 mL样品溶液加入10 mL具塞试管中,依次加入2.5 mL 0.2 mol/L磷酸缓冲液和2.5 mL 1%铁氰化钾溶液,混匀后在50 ℃水浴中反应20 min后,冷却至室温。随后加入2.5 mL 10%三氯乙酸混匀,4000 r/min离心10 min。取2.5 mL上清液,加入等体积蒸馏水和0.5 mL 0.1%三氯化铁混匀,静置10 min后,于700 nm处测吸光度。
参照LE等[24]的方法进行了适当修改。将2.0 mL样品溶液加入到10 mL具塞试管中,加入2.0 mL DPPH溶液(0.4 mmol/L)混匀,室温下避光反应30 min,在517 nm处测吸光度。DPPH自由基清除率计算公式如下:
$\rm 清除率(\text{%})= \frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}-({\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2})}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:A0表示2.0 mL无水乙醇与2.0 mL DPPH的吸光度;A1表示2.0 mL样品与2.0 mL DPPH的吸光度;A2表示2.0 mL样品与2.0 mL无水乙醇的吸光度。
称取0.5 g的脐橙果渣粉于50 mL离心管中,加入25 mL蒸馏水,室温超声提取30 min后4000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液冻干后备用。
将对数生长期的RAW 264.7细胞按5×104个/孔接种于96孔板中,于37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养24 h。空白组加入基础培养基,LPS组加入1.0 μg/mL LPS,实验组分别加入6.25、12.5、25、50、100 μg/mL的脐橙果渣提取物。培养24 h后,每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂,在37 ℃下培养2 h,随后在450 nm处测定吸光度。细胞存活率计算公式如下:
$\rm 细胞存活率(\text{%})= \frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:A1表示样品组的吸光度;A0表示空白组的吸光度。
将RAW 264.7细胞按5×104个/孔接种于96孔板中,培养24 h后,空白组加入基础培养基,模型组加入1.0 μg/mL LPS,实验组加入50 μg/mL不同脐橙果渣提取样品(每组均加入1.0 μg/mL LPS)。培养24 h后,用NO试剂盒测定NO产生量。
数据采用SPSS 13.0进行ANOVA单因素方差分析和Ducan’s多重检验(P<0.05),所有实验均重复3次,结果采用平均值±标准偏差表示,Origin 2024软件绘图。
不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣干燥速率的影响如图1所示。单一热风干燥耗时最长,约480 min可使含水率降至10%以下,干燥速率较低。热泵干燥虽较热风干燥效率有所提升,但由于传热与传质受限,其脱水速率仍较缓慢。微波-热泵联合干燥的脱水性能显著优于单一干燥方式,其中微波7 min+60 ℃热泵组合干燥效率最佳,较单一热风干燥缩短约300 min。这可能是由于微波可通过介电加热促进物料内部水分向外迁移,形成较大的水分梯度与传质驱动力,从而显著提高脱水效率并缩短干燥周期[25]。张明等[16]采用不同的干燥方式对灵芝子实体进行干燥,结果发现微波12 min+60 ℃热泵干燥时间,较单一热风干燥至少缩短180 min,与本研究的结果基本一致。以上结果表明,微波-热泵联合干燥可以显著提高脐橙果渣的脱水速率,提高干燥的效率。
由表1可知,不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣粉体色泽影响差异较大。在a*值方面,60 ℃热泵干燥及微波-热泵联合干燥处理的a*值整体高于热风干燥处理,说明60 ℃热泵干燥有利于脐橙果渣粉体红色程度增强,热风干燥粉体红色程度最浅。b*值中60 ℃热泵干燥组最高,能显著增加脐橙果渣粉体的黄色程度,而微波10 min+60 ℃热泵干燥组b*值显著降低(P<0.05),这可能是由于微波时间过长导致类胡萝卜素等热敏性色素被氧化降解[26]。在L*值方面,微波-热泵联合干燥处理的L*值整体显著高于单一热风干燥和热泵干燥,其中微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥组亮度最高,60 ℃热风干燥亮度最低,这说明适度微波预处理可以缩短干燥时间,避免物料长时间暴露在高温下发生褐变,从而更好地保持其天然亮度与色泽[27];而单一热风干燥或过长微波处理则易造成色素降解及美拉德反应加剧,使粉体颜色加深、亮度下降[28−29]。总体而言,微波-热泵联合干燥能有效兼顾干燥效率与色泽保持,其中微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥为脐橙果渣粉体色泽品质的最优组合。综合考虑,60 ℃热泵干燥、微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥方式更有利于脐橙果渣粉体色泽品质的保留与改善。
不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣粉体粒径分布的影响如表2所示。D10、D50和D90分别表示粉体粒径小于某一值时累积率为10%、50%和90%的粒径,其中D50为粒径中值,具有较高代表性。与热风干燥相比,热泵干燥及微波-热泵联合干燥处理均显著降低了粉体的D50值(P<0.05),表明其更有利于获得粒径较小的粉体。其中,60 ℃热泵干燥所得粉体粒径最小,热风干燥粒径最大。跨度变化趋势同D50一样,60 ℃热泵干燥跨度最小,粒度更均匀。这可能是由于热泵干燥的速率平稳、热传递均匀,减少因热应力引起的收缩和团聚现象,使物料在粉碎过程中更易破碎为细小颗粒[30]。而热风干燥处理时间较长,导致表面硬化并阻碍内部水分迁移,形成致密结构,粉碎时难以获得细小颗粒[31−32]。
休止角和滑动角反映了粉体的流动特性,休止角数值越小,表明粉体流动性越好。由表3可见,与60 ℃热风干燥相比,热泵干燥及微波-热泵联合干燥均显著降低了粉体的休止角和滑动角(P<0.05),说明联合干燥方式有助于改善粉体流动性。其中,微波7 min+60 ℃热泵组休止角与滑动角最小,表明其粉体流动性最佳,而60 ℃热风干燥组休止角与滑动角最大,流动性最差,这与罗其琪等[33]的研究结果一致。
堆积密度是评估粉体压缩特性的重要参数之一,可以反映粉体充填能力,堆积密度与粉体充填能力成正比。与热风干燥样品相比,微波-热泵联合干燥样品的堆积密度显著降低,表明其颗粒堆积更加疏松、孔隙率更高。这可能是因为热风干燥容易在表面形成坚硬外壳,所得粉体结构较致密、颗粒间隙小,因而堆积密度大;而微波-热泵干燥样品可以在负压状态下迅速升温、快速脱水,使其内部形成疏松多孔的网络结构,颗粒间间隙大,从而堆积密度较小[34]。比表面积的结果显示,60 ℃热泵干燥组的比表面积较大,显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),说明该粉体的粉体表面聚合力也越大,可作为功能性原料吸附在食品表面。
由图2可知,不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣粉体的持水力和持油力均产生显著影响(P<0.05)。与热风干燥相比,经热泵干燥及微波-热泵联合干燥处理后,粉体的持水力均较热风干燥有不同程度的提高,其中60 ℃热泵和微波10 min+热泵60 ℃组的持水力较高,分别为3.79 g/g和3.80 g/g,较热风干燥提高约20%(P<0.05)。这表明热泵和微波干燥可以在较低温条件下有效保持物料内部孔隙结构和亲水性多糖网络,从而增强粉体与水分子的结合能力[35]。结合粒径分布结果也可知,热泵及微波-热泵联合干燥所得粉体粒径较小、比表面积更大,使更多极性官能团(如羟基、羧基)暴露于表面,增加了与水分子的相互作用位点,因此表现出更高的持水力[36]。
在持油力方面,微波4 min+60 ℃热泵干燥样品持油力最高,为1.89 mL/g,与热泵干燥样品无显著性差异(P>0.05)。但随着微波时间的延长,持油力反而下降,可能是由于过度微波加热导致部分孔隙塌陷和表面结构收缩,降低了其对油脂的吸附[37]。综上所述,60 ℃热泵干燥样品具有较好的持水力与持油力。
多酚和可溶性膳食纤维是脐橙果渣的主要活性成分,其含量的高低可作为评价干燥方式优劣的重要指标。由图3可知,微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥样品的多酚含量最高,达到9.07 mg/g,较热风干燥提高了53.73%,这表明适度的微波预处理能够形成相对顺畅的内部传质通路,促进多酚物质的释放。CHONG等[38]研究发现,微波-热泵联合干燥苹果粉中总多酚含量比其他干燥技术提高60%~70%。然而,随着微波时间的延长,多酚含量反而下降,可能是由于过度微波作用导致部分多酚发生氧化降解[39]。
不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣可溶性膳食纤维含量也产生显著影响。膳食纤维的热敏性和结构完整性易受干燥温度及时间影响,这可能是导致不同干燥方法下可溶性膳食纤维含量差异的原因之一。其中,60 ℃热泵干燥样品的可溶性膳食纤维含量最高(10.98%),显著高于其他干燥方式(P<0.05)。GAO等[40]研究表明,热泵干燥可以在低温条件保持膳食纤维的结构完整性和理化特性,有效避免膳食纤维结构的降解和氧化。微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥次之,为8.04%,这是因为微波能够在短时间内加热样品,通过辐射加速水分蒸发,减少样品中可溶性膳食纤维的降解。而60 ℃热风干燥样品的多酚和可溶性膳食纤维含量均最低,主要原因可能是长时间高温作用导致表面硬化、内部传质受阻,从而降低了多酚等物质的溶出[41];另一方面是在长时间高温条件下多酚和可溶性膳食纤维易发生降解,导致含量降低[42]。
图4为不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣粉体还原力和DPPH自由基清除能力的影响。结果表明,60 ℃热泵干燥样品的还原力与DPPH自由基清除率均最高,分别为1.55和73.77%,显著高于其他干燥处理组(P<0.05)。有研究表明,样品的抗氧化能力与其多酚、膳食纤维等活性成分的含量密切相关,多酚可以通过清除自由基发挥抗氧化作用,从而提高样品的抗氧化活性[43−44];而可溶性膳食纤维则可以通过改善物料结构、稳定多酚或吸附金属离子等方式,从而发挥抗氧化作用[45−46]。热泵干燥粉体在较低温度条件下,能有效减少多酚等热敏性物质的降解,同时较高的膳食纤维含量在一定程度上增强样品的抗氧化能力[47]。微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥样品的抗氧化能力次之,表明适度的微波预处理可在不显著破坏活性成分的情况下,促进多酚、黄酮等活性成分的溶出,从而保持较高的抗氧化性[48−49]。然而,随着微波时间的进一步延长,样品抗氧化活性明显下降,这是由于长时间微波预处理以及干燥不均匀等导致多酚降解或氧化失活,进而影响其还原力和DPPH自由基清除能力。张明等[16]研究发现,微波时间超过8 min后,灵芝子实体的DPPH自由基清除能力逐渐下降。综上所述,60 ℃热泵干燥和微波7 min+热泵干燥粉体具有良好的抗氧化活性,适合用于抗氧化功能性食品的开发。
图5为不同干燥方式的脐橙果渣对RAW 264.7细胞存活率的影响。结果表明,在0~100 μg/mL的浓度范围内,60 ℃热泵干燥、微波4 min+60 ℃热泵干燥和微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥样品细胞存活率均在80%以上,未出现细胞毒性。而60 ℃热风干燥和微波10 min+60 ℃热泵干燥样品在浓度100 μg/mL时,细胞存活率显著下降(细胞存活率<80%),表明该干燥方式在较高剂量下会引发细胞毒性。基于上述结果,选择50 μg/mL脐橙果渣样品用于后续实验。
LPS可激活巨噬细胞并诱导大量一氧化氮NO生成,从而引发炎症反应[50]。因此,抑制NO的过量产生是评价样品抗炎活性的重要指标。由图6可知,与空白组相比,LPS处理显著提高了细胞内NO含量(P<0.05),说明炎症模型构建成功。不同干燥样品在50 μg/mL下,均表现出显著的NO抑制作用(P<0.05)。其中,60 ℃热泵干燥样品表现出最强的NO抑制效果,其NO含量较LPS组下降了37.4%,这一结果可能与其较高的活性成分含量有关。前期分析表明,60 ℃热泵干燥样品中多酚、膳食纤维等成分含量较高,这些成分具有良好的抗氧化与抗炎潜力,因此能够有效地抑制NO产生。综上所述,不同干燥方式的脐橙果渣均能显著抑制NO产生,其中60 ℃热泵干燥样品具有较强的抗炎活性。
本研究系统比较了不同干燥方式对脐橙果渣干燥特性、粉体品质及功能活性的影响。结果表明,微波-热泵联合干燥显著提高了脱水速率,其中微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥耗时最短,说明微波预处理可强化内部水分迁移并缩短干燥历程,同时在粉体色泽和流动性上表现最佳;60 ℃热泵干燥粉体粒径最小且分布均匀,持水力、持油力和比表面积较高,有利于改善粉体的水合和吸附能力;而60 ℃热风干燥组的堆积密度最高,更适用于压片成型的胶囊及片剂制作。营养成分和功能活性分析显示,微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥样品的多酚含量最高,而60 ℃热泵干燥样品的可溶性膳食纤维含量最高,其还原力与DPPH自由基清除率及对NO生成的抑制作用显著优于其他干燥方式(P<0.05),表现出良好的抗氧化和抗炎潜力。综上,微波7 min+60 ℃热泵干燥适用于对干燥效率、粉体色泽、流动性及多酚得率要求较高的功能配料加工,而60 ℃热泵干燥在粉体细化、可溶性膳食纤维含量、抗氧化和抗炎活性上更具有优势,更适合用于功能产品的开发。本研究为脐橙果渣干燥工艺优化及其在功能食品原料中的应用提供了参考,但其抗氧化和抗炎活性成分的作用机制及其在食品体系中的功能表现仍有待进一步研究。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110206
  • 接收时间:2025-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20
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    1中华全国供销合作总社济南果品研究所,山东济南 250014
    2山东农业工程学院,山东淄博 255300

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张明(1988−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:天然产物提取及功能食品开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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