Article(id=1320880851588596290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110124, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762963200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852135797, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852135797, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852135797, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852135797, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=426, endPage=435, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880851836060227, articleId=1320880851588596290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on the Quality, Active Ingredient, and Flavor Composition of Stewed Chicken, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on the quality of stewed chicken, the chicken leg meat was used as the raw material, and the impact of different addition ratios of these two herbal ingredients on the physicochemical properties, sensory attributes, active ingredient, taste compounds, and volatile aroma profiles was systematically examined. The results demonstrated that the L* values in the Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus treatment groups were lower than those in the control (CON) group. The shear force in the DSHQ-1 group was significantly reduced compared to the CON group (P<0.05), suggesting improved tenderness; however, further increasing the proportion of Codonopsis pilosula led to an increase in shear force. Notably, the moisture content, flavonoid and polysaccharide levels, as well as sensory evaluation scores, were all higher in the treatment groups than in the control, indicating that the incorporation of these herbs promoted the retention of functional components and enhanced both palatability and overall sensory quality. With regard to flavor characteristics, the total amino acid content in the DSHQ-5 group was significantly higher than that in the CON group (P<0.05), reflecting a pronounced flavor-enhancing effect. A total of 45 volatile aroma compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis, comprising 10 aldehydes, 5 esters, 2 acids, 8 alcohols, 9 hydrocarbons, 5 ketones, 3 terpenes, and 3 other compounds. Overall, the concentration of aromatic substances in the stewed chicken from the DSHQ-2, DSHQ-3, DSHQ-4, and DSHQ-5 groups was higher than that in the CON group. The addition of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus enriched the terpene content in the stewed chicken, thereby effectively enhancing its flavor complexity. Furthermore, 12 characteristic volatile aroma compounds with OAV>1 were identified through odor activity value (OAV) analysis. Among these, hexanal, eucalyptol, and 1-octen-3-ol exhibited the highest OAVs, contributing oily, herbal, and mushroom-like aromas, respectively. In conclusion, Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus improve the overall quality of stewed chicken and enhance its flavor profile. Their combined use demonstrates practical potential for application in chicken-based food processing.

, authors=Lili YAO, Junqin WU, Julong ZHOU, Xuerong DU, Yushan DONG, Chenlong LI, Yulong LUO*, authorsList=Lili YAO, Junqin WU, Julong ZHOU, Xuerong DU, Yushan DONG, Chenlong LI, Yulong LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yulong LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880853379564114, articleId=1320880851588596290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=党参和黄芪对炖鸡肉品质、活性成分和风味特性的影响, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了揭示党参和黄芪对炖鸡肉品质的影响,以鸡腿肉为原料,探究添加不同比例的党参和黄芪对炖鸡肉品质、感官评价、活性成分、滋味物质和挥发性香气成分的影响。结果表明,党参和黄芪添加组鸡肉的L*值较CON组均降低;DSHQ-1组剪切力显著低于CON组(P<0.05),但随着党参添加比例增加,剪切力反而增大;添加组的水分含量、黄酮、多糖含量和感官评分均高于对照组,说明党参和黄芪有利于鸡肉中活性成分的保留,具有较高的食用品质以及感官接受度。对于滋味和挥发性香气成分,DSHQ-5组的总氨基酸含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),表现出良好的增味效果;GC-MS分析共鉴定出45种挥发性香气成分,包括10种醛类、5种酯类、2种酸类、8种醇类、9种烃类、5种酮类、3种萜烯类及3种其他类,总体上,DSHQ-2、DSHQ-3、DSHQ-4和DSHQ-5组炖鸡肉的香气物质含量高于CON组。党参和黄芪的加入丰富了炖鸡肉中萜烯类物质的含量,有效提升了鸡肉的风味丰度。进一步通过气味活度值(Odor Activity Value,OAV)鉴定出12种OAV>1的特征挥发性香气成分,其中己醛、桉叶油素和1-辛烯-3-醇的OAV较高,呈现油脂香、青草味和蘑菇味等香味。综上,党参和黄芪能改善炖鸡肉的品质,增强风味特性,二者协同对鸡肉制品的加工具有实用价值。

, authors=姚丽丽, 吴俊琴, 周炬龙, 杜雪蓉, 董玉珊, 李晨龙, 罗玉龙*, authorsList=姚丽丽, 吴俊琴, 周炬龙, 杜雪蓉, 董玉珊, 李晨龙, 罗玉龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=罗玉龙, authorNote=

姚丽丽(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品质量与安全控制,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
罗玉龙(1988−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:肉品质量与安全控制,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=N5HEJovNauQAgRrPc3eKLQ==, magXml=X+Jmm6owhONtDkEApO5nFg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=UD7IqgU/4GLRi+X/BRSOJA==, pdfFileSize=1981168, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=QY6zwX8G59HYaz4ujT9hzg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qi/NzAdR9AtVpkounpJQ0w==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880963400347684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=y304300051@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880963463262246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, authorId=1320880963400347684, language=EN, stringName=Lili YAO, firstName=Lili, middleName=null, lastName=YAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880963551342631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, authorId=1320880963400347684, language=CN, stringName=姚丽丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750021, bio={"content":"

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(24): 291−301.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880977874890921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Yang, ZHANG Xinyue, LI Xiaolei, et al. Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in three types of baked fish fillets using an electronic nose combined with GC-IMS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(24): 291−301., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880977941999786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=樊美琪, 杨芳, 贾洪锋, 等. 基于GC-MS探究郫县豆瓣和豆豉对盐煎肉挥发性风味物质的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2021, 42(13): 274−283. [PAN Meiqi, YANG Fang, JIA Hongfeng, et al. Effects of Pixian Douban and Douchi on the volatile flavor compounds of fried pork with salted pepper based on GC-MS[J]. 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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026, 47(4): 324−336., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880963266129952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880963274518561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, companyId=1320880963266129952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880963324850210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, companyId=1320880963266129952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880968114745426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Influence of adding different proportions of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on the moisture content of chicken, figureFileSmall=8/yQ3pYlBh2iKQrEccktrg==, figureFileBig=C42hphE4jMhKdIYXEzW86w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880968374792275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=图1, caption=添加不同比例党参黄芪对鸡肉水分含量的影响

注:不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05),图2、图4、图6同。

, figureFileSmall=8/yQ3pYlBh2iKQrEccktrg==, figureFileBig=C42hphE4jMhKdIYXEzW86w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880968483844180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Influence of adding different proportions of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on the shear force of chicken, figureFileSmall=WauUtrfNQlHxw7+Io9D/zg==, figureFileBig=sjHnJgyZiWYU5W1/r/sHIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880968555147349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=图2, caption=添加不同比例党参黄芪对鸡肉剪切力的影响, figureFileSmall=WauUtrfNQlHxw7+Io9D/zg==, figureFileBig=sjHnJgyZiWYU5W1/r/sHIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880968622256214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Sensory evaluation of the product, figureFileSmall=NAxDHgwvmm9Ter4UlMX50Q==, figureFileBig=EC/YW0pcMVyBeIL4KuCnTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880968680976471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=图3, caption=产品的感官评价, figureFileSmall=NAxDHgwvmm9Ter4UlMX50Q==, figureFileBig=EC/YW0pcMVyBeIL4KuCnTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880968756473944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of adding different proportions of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on the flavonoid and polysaccharide content of chicken, figureFileSmall=G9wT2gMGavlVEfgYwKK4rw==, figureFileBig=KEfkHwjJKInbGvGdLNpmFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880968819388505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=图4, caption=添加不同比例党参和黄芪对鸡肉黄酮和多糖含量的影响, figureFileSmall=G9wT2gMGavlVEfgYwKK4rw==, figureFileBig=KEfkHwjJKInbGvGdLNpmFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880968878108762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of adding different proportions of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on free amino acids in chicken, figureFileSmall=wNgVQ9w4iOjHx/3cmno7VA==, figureFileBig=PK7MTdX9hUTRaTDpv9hhlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880968949411931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=图5, caption=添加不同比例党参黄芪对鸡肉游离氨基酸的影响

注:TAA表示总游离氨基酸;UAA表示鲜味氨基酸;SAA表示甜味氨基酸;BAA表示苦味氨基酸。

, figureFileSmall=wNgVQ9w4iOjHx/3cmno7VA==, figureFileBig=PK7MTdX9hUTRaTDpv9hhlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880969012326492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of adding different proportions of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on nucleotides in chicken, figureFileSmall=LR0L3dkuxY/JIQ1f8RITzw==, figureFileBig=OI0Zh1gI9Hzc31bq687wzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880969092018269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=图6, caption=添加不同比例党参黄芪对鸡肉核苷酸的影响, figureFileSmall=LR0L3dkuxY/JIQ1f8RITzw==, figureFileBig=OI0Zh1gI9Hzc31bq687wzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880969154932830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Heat map of volatile compounds in chicken stewed with Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus, figureFileSmall=ZPuOVQxTflHy+BqY6Jjzrg==, figureFileBig=4N7c54sKrld4NLUGo7nmsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880969222041695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=图7, caption=党参黄芪炖鸡肉中挥发性化合物的热图, figureFileSmall=ZPuOVQxTflHy+BqY6Jjzrg==, figureFileBig=4N7c54sKrld4NLUGo7nmsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880969284956256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Influence of adding different proportions of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on the color of chicken

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理组L*a*b*
CON78.58±3.79a9.29±0.34bc21.33±1.90a
DSHQ-177.90±3.38a8.60±2.12c18.26±8.91a
DHHQ-276.40±5.43a10.93±1.98abc22.87±2.80a
DSHQ-367.71±3.28b11.59±0.46ab16.68±0.74a
DSHQ-474.19±1.46ab10.85±0.45abc22.97±0.44a
DSHQ-575.86±4.05a12.11±1.66a18.71±2.40a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880969343676513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

添加不同比例党参黄芪对鸡肉色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理组L*a*b*
CON78.58±3.79a9.29±0.34bc21.33±1.90a
DSHQ-177.90±3.38a8.60±2.12c18.26±8.91a
DHHQ-276.40±5.43a10.93±1.98abc22.87±2.80a
DSHQ-367.71±3.28b11.59±0.46ab16.68±0.74a
DSHQ-474.19±1.46ab10.85±0.45abc22.97±0.44a
DSHQ-575.86±4.05a12.11±1.66a18.71±2.40a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880969406591074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Content of volatile flavor compounds in chicken stewed with different ratios of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类成分CAS号含量 (μg/kg)
CONDSHQ-1DSHQ-2DSHQ-3DSHQ-4DSHQ-5
醛类(10)(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-84-5−−−6.06±2.17a8.09±1.3a−
(Z)-2庚烯醛57266-86-13.76±0.58b3.22±0.89b5.89±0.99b30.16±6.02a4.13±0.33b4.38±2.82b
(E)-2-辛烯醛2548-87-09.62±3.40b4.91±1.31b12.55±4.21b76.41±16.95a25.86±16.77b7.9±4.78b
4-氧代壬醛74327-29-012.51±2.75a−−35.56±4.52a28.73±18.44a12.96±3.26a
苯甲醛100-52-724.07±1.67bc22.29±7.84c35.07±1.60bc74.72±28.41a62.83±27.62ab45.87±15.40abc
庚醛111-71-768.11±14.14b38.56±16.15b75.07±21.69b134.14±18.81a136.01±35.14a138.10±48.09a
己醛66-25-11707.34±292.62b1356.70±327.79b2168.49±542.00b4179.52±1022.01a2676.32±680.42b1621±554.62b
壬醛124-19-694.00±11.49b27.80±5.82b75.53±31.36b150.34±40.13b296.74±119.36a112.76±56.16b
辛醛124-13-056.86±11.77bc25.94±7.13c68.58±24.23bc114.65±24.23ab134.05±43.68a76.98±32.98bc
戊醛110-62-3140.98±28.36c106.35±36.00c192.32±45.23bc356.54±68.57a288.1±76.94ab194.64±78.5bc
酯类(5)邻苯二甲酸二乙酯84-66-2103.03±16.39c122.81±23.43c156.91±14.68bc216.08±30.52b290.49±30.16a101.14±31.57c
乙酸乙酯141-78-638.52±0.19b47.49±5.47b65.12±11.35b63.42±11.51b59.37±27.82b104.40±16.49a
甲酸辛酯112-32-3−−5.18±1.45b26.12±1.54a−−
正己酸乙烯酯3050-69-9437.68±88.78b160.72±35.30c309.61±26.78bc1077.46±145.35a433.83±85.06b506.97±154.64b
甲酸庚酯112-23-213.18±2.13b−−−−21.60±2.34a
酸类(2)乙酸64-19-7−1.70±0.27b4.37±0.43b17.11±2.39a3.56±0.61b5.28±2.49b
己酸142-62-15.84±1.24d7.49±1.58cd13.28±2.03b37.93±4.45a13.06±1.36b11.18±4.27bc
醇类(8)1-庚醇111-70-612.33±2.11c8.72±1.20c21.63±6.41b39.27±2.97a−−
1-己醇111-27-310.68±1.90cd7.07±1.31d12.44±1.93c24.50±2.77a23.35±2.75a19.07±0.33b
1-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4167.54±28.54d92.65±8.63e140.69±13.29d382.40±8.21a247.82±23.85c327.81±27.44b
1-戊醇71-41-050.87±10.48c41.51±9.71c80.24±18.87bc141.68±26.52a113.14±33.69ab65.82±34.14bc
(E)-2-癸烯-1-醇22104-80-92.59±0.27b−−11.15±2.66a8.92±0.40a−
2-甲基-3-辛醇26533-34-66.01±0.95de3.97±1.84e10.34±3.60d47.46±1.79a36.77±2.75b15.77±2.06c
乙醇64-17-5425.95±57.57c298.19±63.28d542.48±45.61b681.00±26.30a689.70±64.49a537.27±58.20b
1-辛醇111-87-55.97±1.24b3.37±0.62b−−29.86±12.41a−
烃类(9)4,6-二甲基十二烷61141-72-82.74±0.80b3.22±0.30b4.23±0.80b9.82±0.70a3.54±0.89b−
十三烷629-50-58.39±3.03b9.66±2.19b15.64±0.26a−−−
十四烷629-59-43.14±1.54b−−−24.35±0.83a−
十五烷629-62-93.65±0.76b3.52±0.66b15.48±2.44a−−−
十六烷544-76-32.25±0.75b2.86±0.60b11.49±2.37a13.88±3.84a−−
8-甲基十七烷13287-23-50.63±0.20b1.48±0.32b1.37±0.39b6.64±2.29a−−
3,5-二甲基辛烷15869-93-99.20±3.81b10.79±1.39b15.64±0.26b45.13±5.48a51.54±3.99a−
(Z)-3-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-己二烯61142-36-713.06±2.36b5.88±0.27b15.49±5.99b41.59±10.66a−13.82±5.97b
5-癸炔1942-46-7−10.72±0.35c16.61±2.08b11.28±0.27bc40.80±3.94a15.26±3.16bc
酮类(5)3,4-二甲基-2-己酮19550-10-89.76±0.52a14.98±1.84a16.36±5.29a20.57±6.57a−−
1-羟基-2-丙酮116-09-6−2.12±0.90c11.68±0.39a6.05±1.16b−−
1-辛烯-3-酮4312-99-62.85±1.16b1.74±0.45b7.89±0.17a−−−
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮110-93-01.76±0.54a1.35±0.41a1.50±0.33a−2.67±0.21a2.10±1.37a
乙偶姻513-86-0−1.6±0.51−−
萜烯(3)桉叶油素470-82-62.51±0.51c2.37±0.69c4.17±0.54bc5.33±0.93b9.52±0.76a6.04±1.71b
D-柠檬烯7705-14-83.01±0.77c3.46±1.15c10.59±1.67b16.39±5.11ab19.78±5.56a−
异龙脑124-76-5−1.56±0.66−−−−
其他(3)2-戊基呋喃3777-69-320.08±0.26cd9.42±0.86d14.23±2.23cd62.90±5.57a23.79±3.75c38.58±13.33b
甲氧基-苯基-肟3235-04-910.08±3.87bc7.52±1.35c12.85±0.93bc28.85±3.16a14.43±3.16b9.71±2.36bc
甲苯108-88-33.08±1.37c4.50±1.49bc5.23±0.22bc12.53±1.37a13.65±0.26a6.01±0.62b
), ArticleFig(id=1320880969490477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同比例党参和黄芪炖鸡肉中挥发性风味物质的含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类成分CAS号含量 (μg/kg)
CONDSHQ-1DSHQ-2DSHQ-3DSHQ-4DSHQ-5
醛类(10)(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-84-5−−−6.06±2.17a8.09±1.3a−
(Z)-2庚烯醛57266-86-13.76±0.58b3.22±0.89b5.89±0.99b30.16±6.02a4.13±0.33b4.38±2.82b
(E)-2-辛烯醛2548-87-09.62±3.40b4.91±1.31b12.55±4.21b76.41±16.95a25.86±16.77b7.9±4.78b
4-氧代壬醛74327-29-012.51±2.75a−−35.56±4.52a28.73±18.44a12.96±3.26a
苯甲醛100-52-724.07±1.67bc22.29±7.84c35.07±1.60bc74.72±28.41a62.83±27.62ab45.87±15.40abc
庚醛111-71-768.11±14.14b38.56±16.15b75.07±21.69b134.14±18.81a136.01±35.14a138.10±48.09a
己醛66-25-11707.34±292.62b1356.70±327.79b2168.49±542.00b4179.52±1022.01a2676.32±680.42b1621±554.62b
壬醛124-19-694.00±11.49b27.80±5.82b75.53±31.36b150.34±40.13b296.74±119.36a112.76±56.16b
辛醛124-13-056.86±11.77bc25.94±7.13c68.58±24.23bc114.65±24.23ab134.05±43.68a76.98±32.98bc
戊醛110-62-3140.98±28.36c106.35±36.00c192.32±45.23bc356.54±68.57a288.1±76.94ab194.64±78.5bc
酯类(5)邻苯二甲酸二乙酯84-66-2103.03±16.39c122.81±23.43c156.91±14.68bc216.08±30.52b290.49±30.16a101.14±31.57c
乙酸乙酯141-78-638.52±0.19b47.49±5.47b65.12±11.35b63.42±11.51b59.37±27.82b104.40±16.49a
甲酸辛酯112-32-3−−5.18±1.45b26.12±1.54a−−
正己酸乙烯酯3050-69-9437.68±88.78b160.72±35.30c309.61±26.78bc1077.46±145.35a433.83±85.06b506.97±154.64b
甲酸庚酯112-23-213.18±2.13b−−−−21.60±2.34a
酸类(2)乙酸64-19-7−1.70±0.27b4.37±0.43b17.11±2.39a3.56±0.61b5.28±2.49b
己酸142-62-15.84±1.24d7.49±1.58cd13.28±2.03b37.93±4.45a13.06±1.36b11.18±4.27bc
醇类(8)1-庚醇111-70-612.33±2.11c8.72±1.20c21.63±6.41b39.27±2.97a−−
1-己醇111-27-310.68±1.90cd7.07±1.31d12.44±1.93c24.50±2.77a23.35±2.75a19.07±0.33b
1-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4167.54±28.54d92.65±8.63e140.69±13.29d382.40±8.21a247.82±23.85c327.81±27.44b
1-戊醇71-41-050.87±10.48c41.51±9.71c80.24±18.87bc141.68±26.52a113.14±33.69ab65.82±34.14bc
(E)-2-癸烯-1-醇22104-80-92.59±0.27b−−11.15±2.66a8.92±0.40a−
2-甲基-3-辛醇26533-34-66.01±0.95de3.97±1.84e10.34±3.60d47.46±1.79a36.77±2.75b15.77±2.06c
乙醇64-17-5425.95±57.57c298.19±63.28d542.48±45.61b681.00±26.30a689.70±64.49a537.27±58.20b
1-辛醇111-87-55.97±1.24b3.37±0.62b−−29.86±12.41a−
烃类(9)4,6-二甲基十二烷61141-72-82.74±0.80b3.22±0.30b4.23±0.80b9.82±0.70a3.54±0.89b−
十三烷629-50-58.39±3.03b9.66±2.19b15.64±0.26a−−−
十四烷629-59-43.14±1.54b−−−24.35±0.83a−
十五烷629-62-93.65±0.76b3.52±0.66b15.48±2.44a−−−
十六烷544-76-32.25±0.75b2.86±0.60b11.49±2.37a13.88±3.84a−−
8-甲基十七烷13287-23-50.63±0.20b1.48±0.32b1.37±0.39b6.64±2.29a−−
3,5-二甲基辛烷15869-93-99.20±3.81b10.79±1.39b15.64±0.26b45.13±5.48a51.54±3.99a−
(Z)-3-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-己二烯61142-36-713.06±2.36b5.88±0.27b15.49±5.99b41.59±10.66a−13.82±5.97b
5-癸炔1942-46-7−10.72±0.35c16.61±2.08b11.28±0.27bc40.80±3.94a15.26±3.16bc
酮类(5)3,4-二甲基-2-己酮19550-10-89.76±0.52a14.98±1.84a16.36±5.29a20.57±6.57a−−
1-羟基-2-丙酮116-09-6−2.12±0.90c11.68±0.39a6.05±1.16b−−
1-辛烯-3-酮4312-99-62.85±1.16b1.74±0.45b7.89±0.17a−−−
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮110-93-01.76±0.54a1.35±0.41a1.50±0.33a−2.67±0.21a2.10±1.37a
乙偶姻513-86-0−1.6±0.51−−
萜烯(3)桉叶油素470-82-62.51±0.51c2.37±0.69c4.17±0.54bc5.33±0.93b9.52±0.76a6.04±1.71b
D-柠檬烯7705-14-83.01±0.77c3.46±1.15c10.59±1.67b16.39±5.11ab19.78±5.56a−
异龙脑124-76-5−1.56±0.66−−−−
其他(3)2-戊基呋喃3777-69-320.08±0.26cd9.42±0.86d14.23±2.23cd62.90±5.57a23.79±3.75c38.58±13.33b
甲氧基-苯基-肟3235-04-910.08±3.87bc7.52±1.35c12.85±0.93bc28.85±3.16a14.43±3.16b9.71±2.36bc
甲苯108-88-33.08±1.37c4.50±1.49bc5.23±0.22bc12.53±1.37a13.65±0.26a6.01±0.62b
), ArticleFig(id=1320880969565974628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Volatile aroma components in chicken with an OAV greater than 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分香气描述[55−57]阈值 (μg/kg)[51,58−59]OAV
CONDSHQ-1DSHQ-2DSHQ-3DSHQ-4DSHQ-5
(E)-2-辛烯醛脂肪、水果、草、绿色、香料3.211.644.1825.478.622.633.21
苯甲醛水果3.56.886.3710.0221.3517.9513.11
庚醛柑橘味、青瓜香2.824.3213.7726.8147.9148.5849.32
己醛脂肪味5341.47271.34433.70835.90535.26324.20
壬醛花香、柠檬香1.185.4525.2868.66136.68269.77102.51
辛醛柑橘香0.781.2337.0697.97163.79191.51109.98
戊醛辛辣1001.411.061.923.572.881.95
1-辛烯-3-醇蘑菇香、青草香0.00283770.0046325.0070345.00191200.00123910.00163905.00
1-戊醇香醋味2.5420.0316.3431.5955.7844.5425.91
桉叶油素草药味0.021119.52112.86198.57253.81453.33287.62
D-柠檬烯橙子香、柠檬香0.0650.1757.67176.50273.17329.67-
2-戊基呋喃黄油、花香、水果、绿豆3.461.622.4510.844.106.653.46
), ArticleFig(id=1320880969637277797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880851588596290, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

炖鸡肉中OAV>1的挥发性香气成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分香气描述[55−57]阈值 (μg/kg)[51,58−59]OAV
CONDSHQ-1DSHQ-2DSHQ-3DSHQ-4DSHQ-5
(E)-2-辛烯醛脂肪、水果、草、绿色、香料3.211.644.1825.478.622.633.21
苯甲醛水果3.56.886.3710.0221.3517.9513.11
庚醛柑橘味、青瓜香2.824.3213.7726.8147.9148.5849.32
己醛脂肪味5341.47271.34433.70835.90535.26324.20
壬醛花香、柠檬香1.185.4525.2868.66136.68269.77102.51
辛醛柑橘香0.781.2337.0697.97163.79191.51109.98
戊醛辛辣1001.411.061.923.572.881.95
1-辛烯-3-醇蘑菇香、青草香0.00283770.0046325.0070345.00191200.00123910.00163905.00
1-戊醇香醋味2.5420.0316.3431.5955.7844.5425.91
桉叶油素草药味0.021119.52112.86198.57253.81453.33287.62
D-柠檬烯橙子香、柠檬香0.0650.1757.67176.50273.17329.67-
2-戊基呋喃黄油、花香、水果、绿豆3.461.622.4510.844.106.653.46
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党参和黄芪对炖鸡肉品质、活性成分和风味特性的影响
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姚丽丽 , 吴俊琴 , 周炬龙 , 杜雪蓉 , 董玉珊 , 李晨龙 , 罗玉龙 *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(17): 426-435
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (17) : 426 -435
党参和黄芪对炖鸡肉品质、活性成分和风味特性的影响
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姚丽丽 , 吴俊琴, 周炬龙, 杜雪蓉, 董玉珊, 李晨龙, 罗玉龙*
作者信息
  • 宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750021
通讯作者:
罗玉龙(1988−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:肉品质量与安全控制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

姚丽丽(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品质量与安全控制,E-mail:

Effects of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on the Quality, Active Ingredient, and Flavor Composition of Stewed Chicken
Lili YAO , Junqin WU, Julong ZHOU, Xuerong DU, Yushan DONG, Chenlong LI, Yulong LUO*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110124
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为了揭示党参和黄芪对炖鸡肉品质的影响,以鸡腿肉为原料,探究添加不同比例的党参和黄芪对炖鸡肉品质、感官评价、活性成分、滋味物质和挥发性香气成分的影响。结果表明,党参和黄芪添加组鸡肉的L*值较CON组均降低;DSHQ-1组剪切力显著低于CON组(P<0.05),但随着党参添加比例增加,剪切力反而增大;添加组的水分含量、黄酮、多糖含量和感官评分均高于对照组,说明党参和黄芪有利于鸡肉中活性成分的保留,具有较高的食用品质以及感官接受度。对于滋味和挥发性香气成分,DSHQ-5组的总氨基酸含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),表现出良好的增味效果;GC-MS分析共鉴定出45种挥发性香气成分,包括10种醛类、5种酯类、2种酸类、8种醇类、9种烃类、5种酮类、3种萜烯类及3种其他类,总体上,DSHQ-2、DSHQ-3、DSHQ-4和DSHQ-5组炖鸡肉的香气物质含量高于CON组。党参和黄芪的加入丰富了炖鸡肉中萜烯类物质的含量,有效提升了鸡肉的风味丰度。进一步通过气味活度值(Odor Activity Value,OAV)鉴定出12种OAV>1的特征挥发性香气成分,其中己醛、桉叶油素和1-辛烯-3-醇的OAV较高,呈现油脂香、青草味和蘑菇味等香味。综上,党参和黄芪能改善炖鸡肉的品质,增强风味特性,二者协同对鸡肉制品的加工具有实用价值。

鸡肉  /  党参  /  黄芪  /  肉品质  /  活性成分  /  风味

To investigate the effects of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on the quality of stewed chicken, the chicken leg meat was used as the raw material, and the impact of different addition ratios of these two herbal ingredients on the physicochemical properties, sensory attributes, active ingredient, taste compounds, and volatile aroma profiles was systematically examined. The results demonstrated that the L* values in the Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus treatment groups were lower than those in the control (CON) group. The shear force in the DSHQ-1 group was significantly reduced compared to the CON group (P<0.05), suggesting improved tenderness; however, further increasing the proportion of Codonopsis pilosula led to an increase in shear force. Notably, the moisture content, flavonoid and polysaccharide levels, as well as sensory evaluation scores, were all higher in the treatment groups than in the control, indicating that the incorporation of these herbs promoted the retention of functional components and enhanced both palatability and overall sensory quality. With regard to flavor characteristics, the total amino acid content in the DSHQ-5 group was significantly higher than that in the CON group (P<0.05), reflecting a pronounced flavor-enhancing effect. A total of 45 volatile aroma compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis, comprising 10 aldehydes, 5 esters, 2 acids, 8 alcohols, 9 hydrocarbons, 5 ketones, 3 terpenes, and 3 other compounds. Overall, the concentration of aromatic substances in the stewed chicken from the DSHQ-2, DSHQ-3, DSHQ-4, and DSHQ-5 groups was higher than that in the CON group. The addition of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus enriched the terpene content in the stewed chicken, thereby effectively enhancing its flavor complexity. Furthermore, 12 characteristic volatile aroma compounds with OAV>1 were identified through odor activity value (OAV) analysis. Among these, hexanal, eucalyptol, and 1-octen-3-ol exhibited the highest OAVs, contributing oily, herbal, and mushroom-like aromas, respectively. In conclusion, Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus improve the overall quality of stewed chicken and enhance its flavor profile. Their combined use demonstrates practical potential for application in chicken-based food processing.

chicken  /  Codonopsis pilosula  /  Astragalus membranaceus  /  meat quality  /  active ingredient  /  flavor
姚丽丽, 吴俊琴, 周炬龙, 杜雪蓉, 董玉珊, 李晨龙, 罗玉龙. 党参和黄芪对炖鸡肉品质、活性成分和风味特性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 426 -435 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110124
Lili YAO, Junqin WU, Julong ZHOU, Xuerong DU, Yushan DONG, Chenlong LI, Yulong LUO. Effects of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus on the Quality, Active Ingredient, and Flavor Composition of Stewed Chicken[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 426 -435 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110124
鸡肉富含蛋白质,营养丰富、烹饪灵活,具有增强体力、强身壮体的作用,已成为健康饮食的主要组成部分之一。炖鸡肉是重要的传统肉类产品之一,通常使用鸡肉、香料和调味料煮制而成,其高营养价值和独特的风味,深受消费者的青睐。目前研究多集中于传统香辛料和炖煮方式对炖鸡肉的工艺优化、风味改良及肉品质的影响。刘欣等[1]发现添加桂皮炖煮的鸡肉香气成分种类增加,肉桂醛、甲氧基肉桂醛和香叶基丙酮等9种挥发性香气成分均由桂皮引入。Cheng等[2]探究了低温真空炖煮对鸡肉品质的影响,发现低温真空炖煮能提高鸡肉的水分含量,改善色泽和嫩度。随着公众健康理念的提升及食品风味多元化的发展趋势,消费者对药食同源食品需求持续增长,传统香辛料已难以满足个性化、健康化的消费需求,开发兼具风味和功能特性的新型食材,能为推动炖鸡肉加工产业升级提供方向。
党参与黄芪作为典型的药食同源物质,富含黄酮、皂苷和多糖等活性成分,可以发挥抗氧化、保肝、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用[3−4]。党参具有独特甘甜味,挥发性香气成分主要由醛类、醇类和萜烯类等物质组成,黄芪则略带豆香和微甜味,主要包含醇类、醛类和烃类等香气成分[5−6]。二者在与鸡肉炖煮的过程中,不仅能有效掩盖肉中的不良气味,还能与脂质降解和美拉德反应产生的挥发性香气相互作用,丰富制品的风味层次,产生诸多积极影响[7]。蒲慧娟等[8]研究发现党参和黄芪的添加量分别为0.6%和0.8%时,药材味能与肉香味融合协调,使炖羊肉的口感、滋味达到最佳。Tian等[9]研究发现党参能增加鸡肉调味料的醛类、酮类和烯烃含量,并延长了产品的保质期。除了增强肉制品风味外,党参和黄芪中含有的活性成分能够通过清除自由基、提高抗氧化酶的活性、抑制脂质过氧化以及螯合金属离子等发挥抗氧化功效[10]。有研究发现党参和黄芪协同使用可以提升米酒的抗氧化能力,二者复合后的产品对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除率分别达到89.8%和83.7%[11]。因此,将党参和黄芪与鸡肉结合炖煮,能更好地发挥它们之间相互作用,赋予产品独特风味与功能特性。
本研究以党参、黄芪和鸡肉为原料,探讨二者协同使用对炖煮鸡肉的品质(色泽、水分含量和剪切力)、感官特性、活性成分(黄酮、多糖)、滋味化合物(游离氨基酸、核苷酸)和风味特性的影响,并通过气味活度值(Odor Activity Value,OAV)鉴定关键挥发性风味物质,明确党参、黄芪在鸡肉炖煮过程中的活性成分变化和风味贡献,探索其作为药食同源物质在功能性肉制品中应用的可行性,为传统肉制品的功能化升级提供参考。
党参(潞党参)、黄芪(膜荚黄芪) 产地甘肃;鸡腿肉(农家青脚麻鸡,150 d,2.00±0.2 kg)、生姜、食盐、葱、枸杞 均为市售;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼、2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)、2-甲基-3-庚酮 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;芦丁标准品 南京源植生物科技有限公司;磷酸二氢钾 天津博华通化工产品销售中心;5-磺基水杨酸 天津天力化学试剂有限公司。
L-8900全自动氨基酸分析仪(配有BioBasicSCX 柱(4.6 mm×60 mm,5 μm))、高效液相色谱仪(配有ValueLab 5LC C18-HD 柱 (250 mm×4.6 mm)) 日立高新技术公司;TQ8040 GC-MS气相色谱-质谱联用仪 配有DB-WAX毛细色谱柱,日本岛津公司;C-LM3B数显式肌肉嫩度仪 北京天翔飞域科技有限公司;DS-600色差仪 浙江彩谱科技有限公司。
将鸡腿肉剔去鸡骨、鸡皮,切成3 cm×3 cm×2 cm的块状,洗涤并沥干。将干燥的党参和黄芪清洗干净并沥干以备后续使用。具体操作如下:将1000 g鸡块加入砂锅中,鸡腿肉、水、盐、葱、生姜和枸杞的质量比为200:400:2:12:2:1。以鸡腿肉的质量为基准,党参和黄芪的添加量为4%。实验共设6组,分别为不添加党参和黄芪的对照组(CON);DSHQ-1组:党参和黄芪1:3;DSHQ-2组:党参和黄芪1:2;DSHQ-3组:党参和黄芪1:1;DSHQ-4组:党参和黄芪2:1;DSHQ-5组:党参和黄芪3:1。采用电磁炉进行加热,先以1200 W功率加热至沸腾,撇去表面浮沫后,加入相应组别的党参与黄芪;随后将电磁炉功率调整为800 W,加盖持续炖煮1 h[12]。炖煮结束后,鸡汤用纱布过滤,鸡肉样品置于−80 ℃条件下保存,以备后续指标测定使用。
用校准后的色差仪测定炖鸡肉色泽,将鸡肉打碎混匀平整扣于色差仪镜口前,测定L*(亮度值)、a*(红度值)和b*(黄度值),每次测定后旋转120°,测定3次取平均值[13]。
取洁净坩埚,置于105 ℃干燥箱中加热1 h,取出置于干燥器内冷却0.5 h,称其重量,并重复干燥至前后两次质量差不超过0.001 g即为恒重。称取5~10 g鸡肉放入坩埚内,称重后将坩埚放入温度为105 ℃的干燥箱内,烘干时间为4 h,将坩埚取出后放入干燥器内冷却0.5 h后称重,再重复以上步骤至前后两次质量差不超过0.001 g。计算公式如下:
$\rm \text{C}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{1}-{\text{m}}_{2}}{{\text{m}}_{1}-{\text{m}}_{3}}\times 100 $
式中:C表示水分含量,%;m1表示烘干前坩埚和样品总重量,g;m2表示烘干后坩埚和样品总重量,g;m3表示坩埚重量,g。
将鸡肉沿肌肉纤维方向切成立方体(1.5 cm×1 cm×0.5 cm),使用肌肉嫩度仪测定,记录剪切力值,平行三次。
使用7点喜好标度法来评估鸡肉的色泽、质地、滋味、香气、口感和整体接受性等感官方面[14]。按以下顺序排列1=“强烈不喜欢”;2=“中度不喜欢”;3=“略微不喜欢”;4=“无动于衷”;5=“略微喜欢”;6=“中等喜欢”;7=“非常喜欢”。参与者了解整个研究并自愿同意参加,品尝的产品可以安全食用。感官评价小组由10名成员(五男五女,年龄范围22~25岁)组成,所有参与者均有一年以上感官评价经验。样品均在测试当天制备,并置于60 °C恒温放置。每组鸡肉均被放置于白色一次性盘子中,并采用六位随机数字编号。在品尝完一个样品之后,需食用无味饼干并用饮用水清洁口腔,然后再品尝下一个样品。
通过氯化铝比色法测定总黄酮含量[15]。称取经混合均匀的鸡肉1~2 g(精确至1 mg)置于100 mL具塞三角瓶中,加70%乙醇20 mL,50 ℃超声提取50 min后,滤入50 mL容量瓶中,再于三角瓶中加20 mL 70%乙醇溶液后50 ℃超声提取30 min后过滤,合并滤液,用70%乙醇定容至刻度,摇匀,备用。取提取液2 mL,加5%亚硝酸钠0.6 mL,摇匀放置6 min,加10%硝酸铝溶液0.6 mL,摇匀放置6 min,加4%氢氧化钠溶液5 mL,用70%乙醇定容至20 mL,摇匀静置20 min,以空白为参照,510 nm测定吸光度值,平行三次取平均。
通过苯酚硫酸法测定多糖的含量。以D-葡萄糖为标准,使用线性回归方程计算多糖含量(y=11.4963x+0.0002,R2=0.99987),以mg/g表示。
在40 mL 2%磺基水杨酸溶液中加入10 g鸡肉样品进行均质化,然后将混合物分别以3000×g和10000×g各离心10 min,取上清液用0.45 μm滤膜过滤,使用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定样品中游离氨基酸的含量。
将2 g鸡肉与20 mL 6%高氯酸混合后均质,获得匀浆液进行离心并过滤。沉淀用15 mL 6%高氯酸匀浆并离心,合并重复上清液。用0.5 mol/L KOH溶液将上清液pH调至6.5并进行HPLC分析[16]。梯度洗脱程序:0~10 min(97.5% KH2PO4:2.5%甲醇)、10~17 min(85% KH2PO4:15%甲醇)和17~20 min(97.5% KH2PO4:2.5%甲醇),流速:1 mL/min;柱温:25 ℃;进样体积:5 μL;检测波长:254 nm。
采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)测定鸡肉中的挥发性香气成分,称取3 g鸡肉,加入1 g NaCl和1 μL 2-甲基-3-庚酮(1.68 mg/mL)溶液置于20 mL顶空瓶中,并在50 ℃水浴中平衡30 min。采用SPME(50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS)充分萃取顶空瓶中的挥发性化合物,萃取时间30 min,在250 ℃下解吸5 min。DB-WAX色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25 μm)程序设置如下:初始柱温40 ℃并保持3 min,然后以5 ℃/min升至200 ℃,最后以10 ℃/min升高至230 ℃保持3 min。质谱条件为:离子源温度设定为250 °C,电子电离能为70 eV,扫描范围为35~350 m/z。通过NIST 20谱库和化学结构式库进行比对,筛选匹配度大于80%的风味物质,并根据化合物及内标化合物峰面积比值计算各挥发性化合物的含量[17]。
$ {\text{C}}_{\text{i}}=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{i}}\times {\text{m}}_{\text{s}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{s}}\times {\text{V}}_{\text{i}}}\times 1000 $
式中:Ci表示挥发性香气成分的浓度,μg/kg;Ai表示对应芳香化合物i的峰值面积;ms表示内部标准化合物的质量,μg;As代表内部标准化合物2-甲基-3-庚酮的峰值面积;Vi表示鸡肉质量,g;数字1000表示单位换算系数。
OAV 的计算公式如下:
$ \text{OAV}=\frac{\text{C}}{\text{OT}} $
式中:C表示被测挥发性化合物的质量浓度,μg/kg;OT表示被测香气化合物在水中的气味阈值,μg/kg。
每个实验重复3次,测定结果使用 SPSS Statistics 25.0 (IBM Corp.,Armonk,NY,USA)进行单因素方差分析和 Duncan 检验,显著性水平为0.05,结果表示为平均值±标准差。使用 Origin 2021(Origin-Lab,Northampton,MA)进行可视化。
色泽是评估鸡肉品质的重要指标,可直接影响消费者的感官接受度。肉的颜色通常用亮度值(L*)、红度值(a*)和黄度值(b*)来表示,不同比例党参和黄芪炖鸡肉的色泽变化如表1所示,亮度(L*)在67.71~78.58的范围内,其中CON组L*值最高,添加组鸡肉的L*值均低于CON组,可能是加热过程中党参和黄芪中含有的多糖物质加剧了美拉德反应,促进美拉德产物与蛋白质的交互,生成更多类黑精,导致鸡肉表面颜色变暗[18]。对于黄芪比例较高的鸡肉组(DSHQ-1、DSHQ-2),其L*值高于党参比例较高的组(DSHQ-3、DSHQ-4),这一现象的原因可能是黄芪中的黄酮类物质(淡黄色)在加热过程中更易吸附于鸡肉表面,其光反射率高于党参所含的酚酸色素(深棕色),从而提升了鸡肉表面整体的明亮度。相比之下,党参的颜色较深,其内含的酚酸(深棕色)热稳定性较强,在炖煮过程中发生沉积,导致鸡肉L*值降低。红度值(a*)在8.60~12.11的范围内,其取决于肉中肌红蛋白(Mb)的含量和状态,DSHQ-2、DSHQ-3、DSHQ-4、DSHQ-5的a*均高于CON组,是因为党参和黄芪中有棕色物质,这些含色素的物质可以提高鸡肉的a*值,其中DSHQ-5组a*最高,这归因于党参和黄芪中的多糖、黄酮和多酚等活性物质抑制了肌红蛋白的氧化,避免高铁肌红蛋白的产生,从而维持较高的a*值,保持肉的红色[19]。黄度(b*)在16.68~22.97的范围内,各处理组无显著差异(P>0.05)。
水分含量会影响肉品的外观、质地和风味,并对多汁性产生重要影响。热处理会使蛋白质变性,引起水分的大量流失。不同比例党参和黄芪炖鸡肉的水分含量变化如图1所示,DSHQ-1、DSHQ-2、DSHQ-3、DSHQ-4和DSHQ-5组鸡肉的水分含量为51.20%、49.47%、55.22%、56.86%和57.63%,分别是CON组的1.05倍、1.02倍、1.14倍、1.17倍和1.19倍,说明党参和黄芪的加入更有利于鸡肉中水分的保持,这是因为多糖能与肌原纤维蛋白发生相互作用(如形成氢键、二硫键和疏水相互作用),并促进分子交联,这些作用共同促进致密的蛋白质-多糖凝胶网络结构的形成,该结构能有效固定水分,从而显著提升鸡肉的水分含量[20]。
剪切力可以用来表征肉制品的嫩度。剪切力越小,鸡肉嫩度越好,这符合消费者的饮食需求。不同比例党参和黄芪炖鸡肉的剪切力变化如图2所示,DSHQ-1组炖鸡肉剪切力值明显低于CON组,说明添加一定比例的党参和黄芪可以改善鸡肉的嫩度,这与多糖能提高鸡肉的持水性能有关。研究发现,党参中含有的多糖类物质(果胶等)具有良好的亲水性,能在烹饪过程中防止鸡肉变硬,显著提升炖鸡肉的“多汁感”和嫩度[21−22]。但随着党参添加比例增加,剪切力反而增大,这可能是多糖物质通过氢键和疏水作用与肌肉蛋白(如肌球蛋白)交联,使肌原纤维蛋白形成更致密的三维网络结构,从而导致剪切力增大[23]。
感官属性(包括滋味、质地、香气和色泽等)的客观评价能反映消费者的接受度和偏好度。如图3所示,各添加组炖鸡肉的感官评分在所有评价维度均显著高于CON组(P<0.05),其中DSHQ-5组评分最高,感官品质最优,表现为色泽鲜亮、肉质鲜嫩多汁、口感醇厚,且整体接受度高,可能是党参和黄芪的微甜味能够掩盖鸡肉中的不良腥味。此外,党参中含有60~100种挥发性香气成分,黄芪中含有80~100种挥发性香气成分,这些挥发性香气成分能丰富炖鸡肉的风味层次,对整体感官评分带来积极影响[24−25]。CON组鸡肉则颜色偏浅,香气的协调性和融合性不佳,滋味丰富度和浓郁度低,总体感官接受度低。
黄酮和多糖类物质是良好的降血糖和降脂因子,有补气、抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤、保肝和酶抑制性能[26−27]。不同比例党参和黄芪炖鸡肉的多糖和黄酮含量变化如图4所示,添加组炖鸡肉的黄酮含量在1026.61~1676.03 μg/g之间,均显著高于CON组(P<0.05),其中DSHQ-5组含量最高,是CON组的1.79倍。胡坤等[28]研究结果表明,在陈醋中添加党参和黄芪后总黄酮含量高于山西老陈醋。黄酮类物质通过转移电子自由基、螯合金属催化剂、激活抗氧化酶及抑制促氧化酶的活性来发挥抗氧化作用[29]。添加组多糖含量均显著高于CON组(P<0.05),其中DSHQ-1鸡肉中多糖含量达到6.00 mg/g,是CON组含量的16倍,表现出巨大的抗氧化潜力。炖煮过程中党参和黄芪的细胞壁被破坏,释放黄酮和多糖等物质,其结构可在氢键、范德华力、静电作用和π键堆积等相互作用下发生重排,促使黄酮苷键和多糖链断裂并水解为活性苷元和分子量较小的活性片段,进而发挥生物活性功能[30−33]。
游离氨基酸是评价食品营养价值的指标之一,其不仅是滋味物质的组成成分,能直接作用于味觉受体,还是重要的香味前体。鸡肉中的游离氨基酸分为鲜味氨基酸(天冬氨酸、谷氨酸)、甜味氨基酸(苏氨酸和丝氨酸等)和苦味氨基酸(赖氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸等)。不同比例党参和黄芪炖鸡肉中游离氨基酸组成和含量变化如图5所示,添加组炖鸡肉的总游离氨基酸含量在117.59~129.62 mg/100 g之间,均高于CON组,说明党参和黄芪可以增加鸡肉中游离氨基酸的含量,这是因为党参和黄芪中含有的活性成分能抑制氨基酸降解,有利于鸡肉中氨基酸的累积。Wu等[12]证实向炖鸡肉中添加枸杞芽茶后,样品中总游离氨基酸含量较空白组明显上升,这可归因于枸杞芽茶所含的黄酮及多酚类活性成分的作用。研究发现多糖和蛋白质之间能形成共价键,这有助于蛋白质结构的展开并暴露内部基团,使其在蛋白酶的作用下分解为游离氨基酸[34−37]。本研究中DSHQ-4组的谷氨酸含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。谷氨酸是重要的鲜味氨基酸,有助于鸡肉醇厚味道的形成。甜味氨基酸可以和谷氨酸、5'-IMP协同作用,使鲜味增强,炖鸡肉中甜味氨基酸总范围为29.12~42.15 mg/100 g,其中DSHQ-3、DSHQ-4、DSHQ-5组甜味氨基酸含量高于CON组。甜味氨基酸不仅可以提供甜味,也能在一定程度上平衡苦味。Lioe等[38]发现苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸具有增强酱油鲜味的作用。DSHQ-2和DSHQ-5组炖鸡肉中苯丙氨酸含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),对鸡肉鲜味的增强起到辅助作用。
5'-AMP、5'-GMP和5'-IMP是鸡肉中的主要滋味核苷酸,在增强肉的鲜味方面起着重要作用。不同比例党参和黄芪炖鸡肉的核苷酸变化如图6所示,DSHQ-1组鸡肉中5'-GMP和5'-AMP含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),5'-AMP不仅能掩盖苦味和涩味等不良味道,还有较强的助鲜作用,在与呈味氨基酸的协同作用下可以大幅提高鲜度值。与CON组相比,添加组的5'-IMP含量有所增加,其中DSHQ-1组最高,是CON组的3.44倍(P<0.05),推测党参和黄芪中富含的多糖物质可以延缓ATP、AMP和IMP等核酸化合物的降解,减少HxR和Hx的累积,使鸡肉中IMP保持相对高的含量。Wu等[39]的研究也发现用鳞杯伞炖鸡汤时,可显著提升鸡汤中5'-IMP、5'-AMP和5'-GMP含量。
环状聚类热图能可视化炖鸡肉中挥发性化合物的变化和分布模式(图7)。如表2所示,炖鸡肉样品中共鉴定出45种香气物质,其中醛类10种、酯类5种、酸类2种、醇类8种、烃类9种、酮类5种、萜烯类3种及其他类3种。总体上,DSHQ-2、DSHQ-3、DSHQ-4和DSHQ-5组炖鸡肉的香气物质含量高于CON组,这是因为党参和黄芪的添加丰富了炖鸡肉中挥发性香气成分。此外,党参和黄芪能增加游离氨基酸和核苷酸的含量,在炖煮过程中游离氨基酸和核苷酸能与其他风味前体物质发生脂质氧化、美拉德反应、维生素降解以及反应产物间的相互作用等,增加了挥发性风味化合物的种类和含量,并赋予鸡肉独特的香味[40−41]。
醛类物质具有油脂香气,是肉制品中最主要的挥发性香气成分[42]。鸡肉样品中共检测出10种醛类化合物,其中DSHQ-3组含量显著高于CON、DSHQ-1、DSHQ-2组(P<0.05)。己醛、辛醛和壬醛是油酸的降解产物,具有青草香、柑橘香和油脂的香气[43]。DSHQ-3组的己醛含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),这可能与党参和黄芪的添加有关。有研究表明,己醛是党参香气的主要成分之一,其含量约占总挥发性香气成分的42.42%~59.01%;黄芪的主要香气成分也是己醛,是构成黄芪豆腥味的重要成分[5−6]。戊醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛来源于亚油酸和亚麻酸,是脂质氧化的主要产物[44]。苯丙氨酸与还原糖发生美拉德反应,中间产物经过裂解、环化等反应最终生成苯甲醛[45]。炖鸡中DSHQ-3组苯甲醛含量显著高于CON、DSHQ-1和DSHQ-2组(P<0.05)。酯类物质具有花香和果味,对鸡肉的香味有着不可替代的作用[41]。醇类和羧酸发生的酯化反应以及微生物的作用都可以产生酯类物质[46]。本研究中检测到的酯类物质包括邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、乙酸乙酯、甲酸庚酯、甲酸辛酯和正己酸乙烯酯。酸类物质是由脂肪酸降解或醛酮氧化产生,其阈值较高,可能对风味的影响较小,仅起到修饰作用[47]。醇类物质主要通过脂质氧化反应或Strecker降解反应产生,能够带来青草、花果和蘑菇等特有的香味[48]。炖鸡肉样品中检测出8种醇类物质,DSHQ-3、DSHQ-4和DSHQ-5的总醇类含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),其中1-辛烯-3-醇是由亚油酸氧化降解形成的产物,具有类似蘑菇和青草的香气,DSHQ-3组1-辛烯-3-醇的含量显著高于CON(P<0.05),这增强了DSHQ-3组鸡肉的香味,使风味更加浓郁[42]。
萜烯类物质主要来源于加工过程中所使用的香料,对鸡肉的香气组成具有重要作用[49]。本研究中,炖鸡肉鉴定出的萜烯类为桉叶油素、D-柠檬烯和异龙脑,分别赋予炖鸡肉独特的清凉香气、柑橘香气和樟脑香气,并略带薄荷和松木气息[50−51]。DSHQ-1、DSHQ-2、DSHQ-3、DSHQ-4和DSHQ-5组炖鸡肉中的萜烯类含量分别较CON组高1.34、2.67、3.93、5.31和1.09倍,这是因为党参和黄芪的萜烯类物质含量丰富,长时间的炖煮使这些物质更好的迁移至鸡肉中,赋予产品新鲜感[50,52]。Qiang等[45]研究也得到相似的结论,发现丁香中的萜烯类化合物具有高气味活性值和风味稀释因子,能够为炖牛肉提供丁香、草本、茴香和花香,丰富和改善了炖牛肉的香气。呋喃类化合物具有果香和草药香等自然清香,主要通过美拉德反应以及氨基酸和硫胺素的热分解反应生成,是评估热加工食品香气特征的潜在指标,通常它们的含量低,但由于较低的阈值,会对风味产生显著影响[53]。2-戊基呋喃由亚油酸氧化裂解产生,所有组均检测到该物质,含量范围为9.42~62.90 μg/kg。
当挥发性风味物质的OAV>1时,被认为该物质可以对样品的整体风味产生重要影响。由表3可知,鸡肉样品中共有12种挥发性香气成分的OAV>1,包括7种醛类((E)-2-辛烯醛、苯甲醛、庚醛、己醛、壬醛、辛醛、戊醛),2种醇类(1-辛烯-3-醇、1-戊醇),2种萜烯类(桉叶油素、D-柠檬烯)和2-戊基呋喃,这些物质是党参和黄芪炖鸡肉的关键香气化合物。在这些成分中,己醛、桉叶油素和1-辛烯-3-醇的OAV较高,表明对炖鸡肉的香气贡献较大,呈现脂肪味、青草味、蘑菇味等香味[54]。
本研究探讨了不同添加量的党参和黄芪对炖鸡肉的品质、感官评价、活性成分、滋味物质和挥发性香气成分的影响。结果表明,党参和黄芪添加组鸡肉的L*值较CON组降低;DSHQ-1组核苷酸含量最高,嫩度最好;DSHQ-5组水分含量、感官品质、黄酮和总游离氨基酸含量最高。本研究鉴定出45种挥发性香气成分,包括10种醛类、5种酯类、2种酸类、8种醇类、9种烃类、5种酮类、3种萜烯类及3种其他类,其中醛类、醇类和酯类是炖鸡肉中最主要的挥发性香气成分,党参和黄芪的添加能提高桉叶油素、D-柠檬烯和异龙脑等萜烯类物质的含量,赋予炖鸡肉独特的清凉香气、柑橘香气和樟脑香气,有效增强了鸡肉风味的层次感和丰富度。本研究进一步鉴定出12种OAV>1的特征挥发性香气成分,其中己醛、桉叶油素和1-辛烯-3-醇的OAV较高,呈现油脂香、青草味和蘑菇味等香味。综上,本研究证明了党参和黄芪对炖鸡品质具有积极作用,可为鸡肉和药食同源物质深加工的应用提供研究参考。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110124
  • 接收时间:2025-11-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-13
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    宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750021

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罗玉龙(1988−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:肉品质量与安全控制,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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