Article(id=1320880794789331054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080331, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756656000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852122256, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852122256, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852122256, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852122256, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=494, endPage=505, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880794982269039, articleId=1320880794789331054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Mechanism of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. Fruit, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the material basis and mechanisms underlying the antioxidant activity of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. fruits, water extract (FWE) and ethanol extracts (FAE) were prepared from the fruit material using reflux extraction. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and their chemical compositions were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The antioxidant activities were evaluated through in vitro assays, and a hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress model in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was constructed to further investigate their antioxidant capacity. Finally, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were employed to clarify the antioxidant mechanism of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. fruits. The results showed that the total phenolic acid contents of FAE and FWE were 216.84±0.66 and 191.90±6.67 mg GAE/g, respectively, while the total flavonoid contents were 149.30±2.99 and 120.81±26.32 mg CE/g, respectively. A total of 35 compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, amino acids, and polysaccharides, were identified in the extracts. The IC50 values of FAE and FWE for DPPH radical scavenging were 2.89±0.26 and 6.50±0.79 μg/mL, respectively, and for ABTS+ radical scavenging were 6.42±0.67 and 7.58±1.02 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, both extracts prolonged the stationary growth phase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enhanced its resistance to oxidative stress, increased intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under oxidative stress. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, glycyrrhetinic acid and ellagic acid were the key antioxidant components, with potential antioxidant effects mediated through regulation of targets such as AKT1, IL6, ALB, ESR1 and EGFR and activation of signaling pathways including PI3K-AKT, MAPK and HIF-1. This study confirms the antioxidant potential of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. fruits extracts and provides a scientific basis for their development as functional foods.

, authors=Zhaoli LI1, Xiongli LIU1, 2, Donggui GUO2, 3, Lijun PENG1, 2, Huijuan WANG2, *, authorsList=Zhaoli LI, Xiongli LIU, Donggui GUO, Lijun PENG, Huijuan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huijuan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880797708566664, articleId=1320880794789331054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=黄毛草莓果实的化学成分、抗氧化活性及作用机制, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究黄毛草莓果实抗氧化作用的物质基础及机制,本研究以黄毛草莓果实为原料,经回流提取法制备其水提物(FWE)和醇提物(FAE);通过紫外-可见分光光度法测定提取物的总酚酸和总黄酮含量,并利用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)技术对提取物化学成分进行解析;采用体外抗氧化实验评价其抗氧化活性,并构建H2O2诱导的酿酒酵母氧化应激模型进一步探究其抗氧化能力;最后结合网络药理学及分子对接技术,阐明黄毛草莓果实的抗氧化作用机制。结果表明,FAE和FWE的总酚酸含量分别为216.84±0.66、191.90±6.67 mg GAE/g,总黄酮含量分别为149.30±2.99、120.81±26.32 mg CE/g;黄毛草莓果实提取物中含有酚类、黄酮类、氨基酸及多糖类化合物等35种化合物。FAE和FWE清除DPPH自由基的IC50分别为2.89±0.26、6.50±0.79 μg/mL,清除ABTS+自由基的IC50分别为6.42±0.67、7.58±1.02 μg/mL。此外两种提取物可延长酿酒酵母生长稳定期,增强酿酒酵母的抗氧化胁迫能力,并且在氧化应激状态下能增加细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、提高还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平、降低活性氧(ROS)及丙二醛(MDA)含量。网络药理学分析结果显示,槲皮素、山奈酚、柚皮素、甘草次酸及鞣花酸等为抗氧化关键化学成分,其作用机制可能是通过调控AKT1、IL6、ALB、ESR1、EGFR、TNF等靶点,激活PI3K-AKT、MAPK和HIF-1等信号通路实现的。本研究证实黄毛草莓果实提取物具有较好的抗氧化潜力,为其作为功能性食品开发应用提供了科学依据。

, authors=李昭丽1, 刘雄利1, 2, 郭东贵2, 3, 彭礼军1, 2, 王慧娟2, *, authorsList=李昭丽, 刘雄利, 郭东贵, 彭礼军, 王慧娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王慧娟, authorNote=

李昭丽(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王慧娟(1981−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:药食同源产品研究,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UiyzRqjMfl8iVmeBp5TmkA==, magXml=pVeN9tB6YD4d5mFTXrOzlQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=lh708Q6NeqTXPjNspt3o6g==, pdfFileSize=4838267, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=WRrhVXu6ScYPS7TRTwzY4g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=uuVqUvdklPge0Kl87zOu3g==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880918626161626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1594044959@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880918705853404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, authorId=1320880918626161626, language=EN, stringName=Zhaoli LI, firstName=Zhaoli, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880918781350877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, authorId=1320880918626161626, language=CN, stringName=李昭丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院,贵州贵阳 550025, bio={"content":"

李昭丽(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

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李昭丽(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

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注:(A)铁离子还原能力;(B)FAE对酿酒酵母生长的影响;(C)FWE对酿酒酵母生长的影响;同组不同字母标注表示差异显著(P<0.05),图5同。

, figureFileSmall=vzgeqbITTgSKx6uGsNdkrQ==, figureFileBig=y3EDFTNKPQP5uJvhPVpXbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923038568454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of FAE and FWE on antioxidant stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, figureFileSmall=UhFK9qnj8Bqi8UKEPX8OcQ==, figureFileBig=jcl0zf41IghtaebEIKsnPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923101483015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=图4, caption=FAE和FWE对酿酒酵母抗氧化胁迫能力的影响, figureFileSmall=UhFK9qnj8Bqi8UKEPX8OcQ==, figureFileBig=jcl0zf41IghtaebEIKsnPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923168591880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of FAE and FWE on oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923441221644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Drug-ingredient-target network diagram, figureFileSmall=T4gj6mQbtVBRQJxHxsic1Q==, figureFileBig=FVt+6Dg29ieWhx848ncl0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923504136205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=图7, caption=药物-成分-靶点网络图, figureFileSmall=T4gj6mQbtVBRQJxHxsic1Q==, figureFileBig=FVt+6Dg29ieWhx848ncl0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923575439374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Visual PPI network diagram of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. antioxidant core targets, figureFileSmall=yiYC9ReTwqBQIPqDLGZGkQ==, figureFileBig=S90e2UmZSS4nE9na57Ri5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923646742543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=图8, caption=黄毛草莓抗氧化核心靶点可视化PPI网络图, figureFileSmall=yiYC9ReTwqBQIPqDLGZGkQ==, figureFileBig=S90e2UmZSS4nE9na57Ri5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923734822928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Analysis of GO functional enrichment, figureFileSmall=0AaQA00sN/rFgpNJn2+DsA==, figureFileBig=8eEeFk2HseVKSVq5U+bsdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923818709009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=图9, caption=GO功能富集分析图, figureFileSmall=0AaQA00sN/rFgpNJn2+DsA==, figureFileBig=8eEeFk2HseVKSVq5U+bsdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923919372306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=KEGG pathway enrichment bubble diagram, figureFileSmall=gQNLCZl+oko7UlifrbWAcQ==, figureFileBig=nWjoLQcJykMKGnmsc8ge7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880923994869779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=图10, caption=KEGG通路富集气泡图, figureFileSmall=gQNLCZl+oko7UlifrbWAcQ==, figureFileBig=nWjoLQcJykMKGnmsc8ge7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880924078755860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Molecular docking and binding energy heat map, figureFileSmall=Z7O0sx7EjV5j3Cg7+DRAsw==, figureFileBig=cB7eZxEyOe9qOyRmMuPZ4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880924162641941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=图11, caption=分子对接结合能热图, figureFileSmall=Z7O0sx7EjV5j3Cg7+DRAsw==, figureFileBig=cB7eZxEyOe9qOyRmMuPZ4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880924250722326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Optimal binding mode of target protein and chemical ingredients, figureFileSmall=fvZ4JXg+dF9DclSIhlisHg==, figureFileBig=cuQ6SThyCqP/VdnQx+MFDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880924317831191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=图12, caption=活性成分与靶点蛋白最优结合模式

注:(A)甘草次酸和TNF;(B)壬二酸和AKT1;(C)鞣花酸和TNF;(D)山奈酚和TNF;(E)柚皮素和PTGS2;(F)槲皮素和PTGS2。

, figureFileSmall=fvZ4JXg+dF9DclSIhlisHg==, figureFileBig=cuQ6SThyCqP/VdnQx+MFDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880924410105880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Content of total phenolic acids and total flavonoids in FAE and FWE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品总酚酸含量(mg GAE/g)总黄酮含量(mg CE/g)
FAE216.84±0.66a149.30±2.99a
FWE191.90±6.67b120.81±26.32a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880924468826137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

FAE和FWE总酚酸和总黄酮含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品总酚酸含量(mg GAE/g)总黄酮含量(mg CE/g)
FAE216.84±0.66a149.30±2.99a
FWE191.90±6.67b120.81±26.32a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880924540129306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Identification of phytochemical compounds in Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. extract by LC-MS/MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号保留时间(min)分子式m/z检测模式MS2 碎片离子MzCloud化学成分FAEFWE
10.69C7H7NO2138.0549[M+H]+94.0651、78.0342、67.0542、53.038499.8胡芦巴碱[19]√√
20.70C5H9NO2116.0705[M+H]+74.0238、70.065199.8脯氨酸[20]−√
30.71C9H13N3O5244.0927[M+H]+112.0505、95.024099.7阿糖胞苷−√
40.72C5H5N5136.0617[M+H]+119.0353、109.0508、94.040199.7腺嘌呤[20]−√
50.73C10H13N5O4268.1039[M+H]+250.0922、136.0618、85.0285、55.018099.7腺苷[21]√√
60.73C5H11NO2118.0861[M+H]+72.0807、59.0729、55.054399.7甜菜碱√√
71.03C9H11NO3182.0809[M+H]+165.0544、136.0756、123.0440、119.0491、95.0491、91.054299.1L-酪氨酸[22]√√
81.06C5H5N5O152.0566[M+H]+135.0301、128.0455、110.034999.7鸟嘌呤−√
91.09C6H13NO2132.1017[M+H]+86.0964、69.069981.1异亮氨酸√√
101.48C7H6O5169.0141[M-H]−125.0244、97.0295、81.034895.5没食子酸[22]√√
112.12C6H6O3127.0389[M+H]+109.0284、81.0335、53.038796.7焦性没食子酸√√
122.42C9H17NO5218.1033[M-H]−146.0823、129.0557、116.0716、99.0453、88.0405、71.0503、59.013878.5泛酸√√
134.07C11H12N2O2205.0969[M+H]+188.0706、170.0603、159.0917、146.0601、143.0729、132.0808、118.0652、91.054596.7D-色氨酸[23]√√
144.11C6H8O7191.0197[M-H]−173.0093、154.9991、146.9386、129.0195、102.9488、87.0088、85.029680.5柠檬酸[23]−√
155.22C7H6O4153.0193[M-H]−151.0041、109.029687.6龙胆酸−√
166.69C15H14O6291.0858[M+H]+207.0651、165.0548、147.0441、139.0389、123.044199.1表儿茶素√√
176.73C15H14O6289.0716[M-H]−271.0595、245.0809、221.0813、205.0501、188.0471、179.0346、161.0601、151.0394、137.0239、123.0446、109.029187.4儿茶素√√
186.91C16H18O9353.0875[M-H]−191.0562、161.0246、85.0297、59.013788.9绿原酸[24]−√
197.08C7H6O2121.0294[M-H]−108.0219、92.026899.2对羟基苯甲醛√√
207.40C14H6O8303.0134[M+H]+285.0032、275.0181、257.007999.1鞣花酸√−
219.70C9H8O3163.0401[M-H]−119.0502、93.034899.22-羟基肉桂酸−√
229.73C9H10O5197.0454[M-H]−124.0166、97.029270.1丁香酸√−
2312.07C15H12O7305.0654[M+H]+259.0598、241.0488、231.0651、195.0286、153.0181、123.0439、111.044189.9花旗松素[25]√√
2413.01C21H20O12465.1025[M+H]+303.0498、285.0393、229.0494、153.0181、85.028395.0槲皮素-3-β-D-葡萄糖苷[26]√√
2513.07C27H30O16609.1458[M-H]−300.0275、271.0248、255.0299、243.0298、227.0352、151.0036、108.021794.5芦丁[27]√√
2613.29C21H18O13477.0671[M-H]−301.0352、255.0293、178.9986、151.0036、121.029490.7槲皮素-3-O-葡糖
醛酸[26]
√√
2713.41C21H20O12465.1024[M+H]+303.0498、285.0393、229.0488、153.0183、97.028690.4金丝桃苷[28]−√
2815.07C9H16O4187.0976[M-H]−143.1076、125.0972、97.065897.6壬二酸[29]−√
2915.30C15H10O6287.0547[M+H]+258.0527、213.0545、165.0186、153.0182、121.0286、105.0343、68.997198.0山奈酚[30]√√
3015.38C21H20O11447.0929[M-H]−284.0326、255.029998.5三叶豆苷√√
3116.37C9H8O3165.0545[M+H]+147.0439、119.0491、91.054594.9对香豆酸[31]√√
3220.18C15H10O7303.0497[M+H]+285.0395、257.0439、229.0492、201.0543、165.0180、153.0181、121.028398.60槲皮素[26]√√
3322.63C15H12O5273.0756[M+H]+153.0183、147.0441、123.0443、119.0492、107.0495、91.0541、67.017997.9柚皮素查尔酮√√
3422.70C15H12O5271.0611[M-H]−151.0037、145.0289、119.0503、107.0139、93.034680.0柚皮素[29]√−
3544.73C30H46O4471.3465[M+H]+425.3424、235.1699、189.163392.7甘草次酸√−
), ArticleFig(id=1320880924619821083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

LC-MS/MS鉴定黄毛草莓提取物中的化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号保留时间(min)分子式m/z检测模式MS2 碎片离子MzCloud化学成分FAEFWE
10.69C7H7NO2138.0549[M+H]+94.0651、78.0342、67.0542、53.038499.8胡芦巴碱[19]√√
20.70C5H9NO2116.0705[M+H]+74.0238、70.065199.8脯氨酸[20]−√
30.71C9H13N3O5244.0927[M+H]+112.0505、95.024099.7阿糖胞苷−√
40.72C5H5N5136.0617[M+H]+119.0353、109.0508、94.040199.7腺嘌呤[20]−√
50.73C10H13N5O4268.1039[M+H]+250.0922、136.0618、85.0285、55.018099.7腺苷[21]√√
60.73C5H11NO2118.0861[M+H]+72.0807、59.0729、55.054399.7甜菜碱√√
71.03C9H11NO3182.0809[M+H]+165.0544、136.0756、123.0440、119.0491、95.0491、91.054299.1L-酪氨酸[22]√√
81.06C5H5N5O152.0566[M+H]+135.0301、128.0455、110.034999.7鸟嘌呤−√
91.09C6H13NO2132.1017[M+H]+86.0964、69.069981.1异亮氨酸√√
101.48C7H6O5169.0141[M-H]−125.0244、97.0295、81.034895.5没食子酸[22]√√
112.12C6H6O3127.0389[M+H]+109.0284、81.0335、53.038796.7焦性没食子酸√√
122.42C9H17NO5218.1033[M-H]−146.0823、129.0557、116.0716、99.0453、88.0405、71.0503、59.013878.5泛酸√√
134.07C11H12N2O2205.0969[M+H]+188.0706、170.0603、159.0917、146.0601、143.0729、132.0808、118.0652、91.054596.7D-色氨酸[23]√√
144.11C6H8O7191.0197[M-H]−173.0093、154.9991、146.9386、129.0195、102.9488、87.0088、85.029680.5柠檬酸[23]−√
155.22C7H6O4153.0193[M-H]−151.0041、109.029687.6龙胆酸−√
166.69C15H14O6291.0858[M+H]+207.0651、165.0548、147.0441、139.0389、123.044199.1表儿茶素√√
176.73C15H14O6289.0716[M-H]−271.0595、245.0809、221.0813、205.0501、188.0471、179.0346、161.0601、151.0394、137.0239、123.0446、109.029187.4儿茶素√√
186.91C16H18O9353.0875[M-H]−191.0562、161.0246、85.0297、59.013788.9绿原酸[24]−√
197.08C7H6O2121.0294[M-H]−108.0219、92.026899.2对羟基苯甲醛√√
207.40C14H6O8303.0134[M+H]+285.0032、275.0181、257.007999.1鞣花酸√−
219.70C9H8O3163.0401[M-H]−119.0502、93.034899.22-羟基肉桂酸−√
229.73C9H10O5197.0454[M-H]−124.0166、97.029270.1丁香酸√−
2312.07C15H12O7305.0654[M+H]+259.0598、241.0488、231.0651、195.0286、153.0181、123.0439、111.044189.9花旗松素[25]√√
2413.01C21H20O12465.1025[M+H]+303.0498、285.0393、229.0494、153.0181、85.028395.0槲皮素-3-β-D-葡萄糖苷[26]√√
2513.07C27H30O16609.1458[M-H]−300.0275、271.0248、255.0299、243.0298、227.0352、151.0036、108.021794.5芦丁[27]√√
2613.29C21H18O13477.0671[M-H]−301.0352、255.0293、178.9986、151.0036、121.029490.7槲皮素-3-O-葡糖
醛酸[26]
√√
2713.41C21H20O12465.1024[M+H]+303.0498、285.0393、229.0488、153.0183、97.028690.4金丝桃苷[28]−√
2815.07C9H16O4187.0976[M-H]−143.1076、125.0972、97.065897.6壬二酸[29]−√
2915.30C15H10O6287.0547[M+H]+258.0527、213.0545、165.0186、153.0182、121.0286、105.0343、68.997198.0山奈酚[30]√√
3015.38C21H20O11447.0929[M-H]−284.0326、255.029998.5三叶豆苷√√
3116.37C9H8O3165.0545[M+H]+147.0439、119.0491、91.054594.9对香豆酸[31]√√
3220.18C15H10O7303.0497[M+H]+285.0395、257.0439、229.0492、201.0543、165.0180、153.0181、121.028398.60槲皮素[26]√√
3322.63C15H12O5273.0756[M+H]+153.0183、147.0441、123.0443、119.0492、107.0495、91.0541、67.017997.9柚皮素查尔酮√√
3422.70C15H12O5271.0611[M-H]−151.0037、145.0289、119.0503、107.0139、93.034680.0柚皮素[29]√−
3544.73C30H46O4471.3465[M+H]+425.3424、235.1699、189.163392.7甘草次酸√−
), ArticleFig(id=1320880924707901468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

IC50 values of free radical scavenging of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. extract

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品IC50值(μg/mL)
DPPHABTS+
FAE2.89±0.26b6.42±0.67a
FWE6.50±0.79a7.58±1.02a
BHT1.78±0.31c5.25±0.93a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880924779204637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

黄毛草莓提取物清除自由基的IC50值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品IC50值(μg/mL)
DPPHABTS+
FAE2.89±0.26b6.42±0.67a
FWE6.50±0.79a7.58±1.02a
BHT1.78±0.31c5.25±0.93a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880926431760414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effective chemical ingredients of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. extract

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物序号化合物
Huang0葫芦巴碱Huang11对羟基苯甲醛
Huang1腺嘌呤Huang12鞣花酸
Huang2D-脯氨酸Huang13邻香豆酸
Huang3L-酪氨酸Huang14丁香酸
Huang4鸟嘌呤Huang15壬二酸
Huang5异亮氨酸Huang16山奈酚
Huang6没食子酸Huang17对香豆酸
Huang7焦性没食子酸Huang18槲皮素
Huang8泛酸Huang19柚皮素
Huang9D-色氨酸Huang20甘草次酸
Huang10原儿茶酸Huang21柚皮素查尔酮
), ArticleFig(id=1320880926511452191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880794789331054, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

黄毛草莓提取物的有效化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物序号化合物
Huang0葫芦巴碱Huang11对羟基苯甲醛
Huang1腺嘌呤Huang12鞣花酸
Huang2D-脯氨酸Huang13邻香豆酸
Huang3L-酪氨酸Huang14丁香酸
Huang4鸟嘌呤Huang15壬二酸
Huang5异亮氨酸Huang16山奈酚
Huang6没食子酸Huang17对香豆酸
Huang7焦性没食子酸Huang18槲皮素
Huang8泛酸Huang19柚皮素
Huang9D-色氨酸Huang20甘草次酸
Huang10原儿茶酸Huang21柚皮素查尔酮
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黄毛草莓果实的化学成分、抗氧化活性及作用机制
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李昭丽 1 , 刘雄利 1, 2 , 郭东贵 2, 3 , 彭礼军 1, 2 , 王慧娟 2, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(17): 494-505
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (17) : 494 -505
黄毛草莓果实的化学成分、抗氧化活性及作用机制
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李昭丽1 , 刘雄利1, 2, 郭东贵2, 3, 彭礼军1, 2, 王慧娟2, *
作者信息
  • 1贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院,贵州贵阳 550025
  • 2西南药食两用资源开发利用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,贵州贵阳 550025
  • 3贵州理工学院,贵州贵阳 550025
通讯作者:
王慧娟(1981−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:药食同源产品研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李昭丽(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Mechanism of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. Fruit
Zhaoli LI1 , Xiongli LIU1, 2, Donggui GUO2, 3, Lijun PENG1, 2, Huijuan WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 2National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploration of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 3Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080331
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为探究黄毛草莓果实抗氧化作用的物质基础及机制,本研究以黄毛草莓果实为原料,经回流提取法制备其水提物(FWE)和醇提物(FAE);通过紫外-可见分光光度法测定提取物的总酚酸和总黄酮含量,并利用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)技术对提取物化学成分进行解析;采用体外抗氧化实验评价其抗氧化活性,并构建H2O2诱导的酿酒酵母氧化应激模型进一步探究其抗氧化能力;最后结合网络药理学及分子对接技术,阐明黄毛草莓果实的抗氧化作用机制。结果表明,FAE和FWE的总酚酸含量分别为216.84±0.66、191.90±6.67 mg GAE/g,总黄酮含量分别为149.30±2.99、120.81±26.32 mg CE/g;黄毛草莓果实提取物中含有酚类、黄酮类、氨基酸及多糖类化合物等35种化合物。FAE和FWE清除DPPH自由基的IC50分别为2.89±0.26、6.50±0.79 μg/mL,清除ABTS+自由基的IC50分别为6.42±0.67、7.58±1.02 μg/mL。此外两种提取物可延长酿酒酵母生长稳定期,增强酿酒酵母的抗氧化胁迫能力,并且在氧化应激状态下能增加细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、提高还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平、降低活性氧(ROS)及丙二醛(MDA)含量。网络药理学分析结果显示,槲皮素、山奈酚、柚皮素、甘草次酸及鞣花酸等为抗氧化关键化学成分,其作用机制可能是通过调控AKT1、IL6、ALB、ESR1、EGFR、TNF等靶点,激活PI3K-AKT、MAPK和HIF-1等信号通路实现的。本研究证实黄毛草莓果实提取物具有较好的抗氧化潜力,为其作为功能性食品开发应用提供了科学依据。

黄毛草莓  /  抗氧化  /  成分  /  机制  /  网络药理学  /  分子对接

To investigate the material basis and mechanisms underlying the antioxidant activity of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. fruits, water extract (FWE) and ethanol extracts (FAE) were prepared from the fruit material using reflux extraction. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and their chemical compositions were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The antioxidant activities were evaluated through in vitro assays, and a hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress model in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was constructed to further investigate their antioxidant capacity. Finally, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were employed to clarify the antioxidant mechanism of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. fruits. The results showed that the total phenolic acid contents of FAE and FWE were 216.84±0.66 and 191.90±6.67 mg GAE/g, respectively, while the total flavonoid contents were 149.30±2.99 and 120.81±26.32 mg CE/g, respectively. A total of 35 compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, amino acids, and polysaccharides, were identified in the extracts. The IC50 values of FAE and FWE for DPPH radical scavenging were 2.89±0.26 and 6.50±0.79 μg/mL, respectively, and for ABTS+ radical scavenging were 6.42±0.67 and 7.58±1.02 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, both extracts prolonged the stationary growth phase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enhanced its resistance to oxidative stress, increased intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under oxidative stress. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, glycyrrhetinic acid and ellagic acid were the key antioxidant components, with potential antioxidant effects mediated through regulation of targets such as AKT1, IL6, ALB, ESR1 and EGFR and activation of signaling pathways including PI3K-AKT, MAPK and HIF-1. This study confirms the antioxidant potential of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. fruits extracts and provides a scientific basis for their development as functional foods.

Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht.  /  antioxidant  /  components  /  mechanism  /  network pharmacology  /  molecular docking
李昭丽, 刘雄利, 郭东贵, 彭礼军, 王慧娟. 黄毛草莓果实的化学成分、抗氧化活性及作用机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 494 -505 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080331
Zhaoli LI, Xiongli LIU, Donggui GUO, Lijun PENG, Huijuan WANG. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Mechanism of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. Fruit[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 494 -505 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080331
氧化应激是导致细胞损伤、衰老及相关疾病的重要诱因,其核心机制涉及活性氧(ROS)的过度积累与抗氧化防御系统的失衡。天然植物提取物因富含多酚、黄酮类等活性成分,能高效清除自由基、调节氧化还原稳态,近年来已成为功能性食品的研究热点。
黄毛草莓(Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. ex J. Gay),是蔷薇科草莓属植物,又名白草莓、白藨、白蒲草等[1−2]。其果实香味浓郁,酸甜适口,营养成分丰富[3]。作为西南地区重要的野生草莓种质资源,保留了人工培育品种中缺失的多种生物活性化合物[4]。因此,开展黄毛草莓的相关研究,对于挖掘其抗氧化能力、推动其向功能性食品转化,具有重要的指导意义。
近年来,对黄毛草莓抗氧化活性的研究已从单纯的活性物质提取与体外评价,逐步深入到对其关键功能组分、代谢调控网络及分子机制的探索。Duan等[5]研究表明,黄毛草莓的维生素C与类黄酮含量均显著高于常见栽培品种;栽培草莓中活跃的MYB66因子可促进花青素合成,而黄毛草莓中特有的MYB44-like转录因子则呈现高度特异性表达,并与新橙皮苷、忍冬苷等抗氧化类黄酮的积累显著正相关。尽管这些发现凸显了黄毛草莓的独特价值,但现有研究多集中于化学组分分析与转录调控初探[6],其活性成分的抗氧化效果以及具体作用机制仍未被充分阐明。
因此,本研究以黄毛草莓果实为原料,采用紫外-可见分光光度法、LC-MS/MS技术对黄毛草莓果实提取物的总酚酸、总黄酮含量和化学成分进行分析。采用体外抗氧化实验评估其抗氧化潜力,并构建H2O2诱导的酿酒酵母氧化应激模型,在细胞水平上验证其抗氧化保护功效;最后结合网络药理学及分子对接技术,阐释其抗氧化作用机制及活性物质基础。本研究不仅为黄毛草莓的高值化利用提供了理论基础,也为其功能性食品开发提供了科学依据。
黄毛草莓(Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl.) 云南省楚雄彝族自治州;S288C酿酒酵母 贵州理工大学刘晓柱教授惠赠;DPPH 东京化成工业株式会社;芦丁、没食子酸、福林酚、ABTS、YPD培养基、活性氧(ROS)含量检测试剂盒、总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)试剂盒、蛋白定量BCA试剂盒 均购于北京索莱宝科技有限公司;三氯乙酸、硫代巴比妥酸 均购于上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;过氧化氢(6%) 西陇化工股份有限公司。
XPE205电子分析天平 METTLER TOLEDO;LGJ-12真空冷冻干燥机 江苏恒敏仪器制造有限公司;YXQ-LS-50SSⅡ立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅 上海博讯医疗生物仪器股份有限公司;UV-6100紫外可见分光光度计 上海元析仪器有限公司;SW-CJ-2FD超净工作台 上海博讯实业有限公司;TGL-20M高速离心机 长沙平凡仪器仪表有限公司;Orbitrap Exploris 120超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱联用仪 Thermo Fisher。
参考王越等[7]实验方法并适当修改。称取适量黄毛草莓果实,按照1:8的料液比分别加入70%乙醇或纯水进行加热回流提取,减压浓缩后进行冷冻干燥,即得到黄毛草莓果实醇提物(FAE)和水提物(FWE)。
采用福林酚法[8],以没食子酸为对照品对黄毛草莓果实提取物的总酚酸含量进行测定。标准曲线制作:量取0.5 mL不同浓度的没食子酸对照品溶液(12.86、25.72、38.58、51.44、64.30、77.16、90.02、102.88 μg/mL),加入2.5 mL福林酚溶液反应4 min,再加入2 mL的碳酸钠溶液(7.5%)反应60 min,以相应试剂作为空白对照,于760 nm处测定吸光度值。以没食子酸质量浓度(mg/mL)为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。
样品测定:称取30 mg样品于5 mL容量瓶中,加入蒸馏水超声溶解并定容至刻度,即得样品溶液。量取100 μL样品溶液于试管中,补加蒸馏水至总体积达到0.5 mL,采用标准曲线测定方法测定样品总酚含量。含量测定结果以没食子酸当量(mg GAE/g)表示,按式(1)计算样品的总酚酸含量:
$\rm 总酚酸含量(mg/g)= \frac{\text{CVT}}{\text{M}} $
式中:C:样品对应标曲的没食子酸浓度(mg/mL);T:稀释倍数;M:样品质量(g);V样品体积(mL)。
采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝比色法[9],并以芦丁为对照品对黄毛草莓果实提取物中的总黄酮含量进行测定。标准曲线制作:称取6.72 mg芦丁对照品于25 mL容量瓶中,加入70%乙醇溶液至刻度,吸取0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3 mL的芦丁对照品溶液,置于10 mL容量瓶中,补加70%乙醇溶液至5 mL。混匀后注入400 μL亚硝酸钠溶液(5%)反应6 min,加入400 μL硝酸铝溶液(10%)反应6 min,加入4 mL氢氧化钠溶液(4%)并用蒸馏水补足至刻度,摇匀后静置反应15 min,以相应试剂作为空白对照,于510 nm处测定吸光度值。以芦丁质量浓度(mg/mL)为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。
样品测定:称取30 mg样品于5 mL容量瓶中,加入70%乙醇超声溶解并定容至刻度,即得样品溶液。量取100 μL样品溶液于试管中,补加70%乙醇至5 mL,采用芦丁标准曲线测定方法测定样品总黄酮含量。结果以芦丁当量(mg CE/g)表示。按式(2)计算样品的总黄酮含量:
$\rm 黄酮含量(mg/g)= \frac{\text{CVT}}{\text{M}} $
式中:C:样品对应标曲的芦丁浓度(mg/mL);T:稀释倍数;M:样品质量(g);V样品体积(mL)。
将FAE和FWE样品分别用70%甲醇溶液和50%甲醇溶液溶解,用于LC-MS/MS分析。色谱条件与质谱条件依据文献[10]的方法并作部分修改。液相色谱条件为:Waters ACQUITY HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm);流动相A(水相):0.1%甲酸水;流动相B(有机相):0.1%甲酸乙腈;柱温:40 ℃;上样量:5 μL;洗脱程序为:0~3 min,95%A;3~5 min,95%~90%A;5~34 min,90%~60%A;34~44 min,60%~40%A;44~54 min,40%~5%A;54~56 min,5%A。HESI离子源参数:喷雾电压+3.5 kV/−3.0 kV;辅助气加热温度330 ℃;鞘气体积流量50 arb;辅助气体积流量10 arb;离子传输管温度330 ℃;扫描模式为一级质谱全扫描结合自动触发二级质谱扫描模式(Full MS/dd-MS2),一级分辨率60000,二级分辨率15000,离子扫描范围m/z 100~1500。使用Xcalibur软件处理化学成分的质谱数据,并通过比较mzVault、mzCloud、ChemSpider和MassList等数据库进行鉴定。
参考SILVA等[11]实验方法并作出了适当修改。按1:1的体积比将黄毛草莓果实提取物溶液和DPPH溶液(0.08 mmol/L)混合,避光孵育30 min,于517 nm处测定吸光度值。以BHT作为阳性对照药,根据公式(3)计算清除率。
$\rm 清除率(\text{%})=\left(1- \frac{{AS-AB}}{\text{AR}} \right)\times 100 $
式中:AS为实验组吸光度(样品溶液与反应溶液混合);AB为空白组吸光度(样品溶液与溶剂混合);AR为对照组吸光度(反应溶液与溶剂混合)。
参考RUMPF等[12]实验方法并适当修改。按1:10的体积比分别加入黄毛草莓果实提取物样品溶液和ABTS溶液,避光孵育10 min,于734 nm处测定吸光度值。以BHT作为阳性对照药,根据公式(3)计算清除率。
参考卢跃红等[13]实验方法进行测定。取不同浓度黄毛草莓果实提取物溶液20 μL,加入180 μL现配的FRAP工作液,37 ℃孵育10 min,于593 nm处测定吸光度值。以BHT作为阳性对照,铁离子还原能力以FeSO4当量表示。
参考林清凡等[14]实验方法进行测定。根据预实验结果,FAE和FWE均选择250、62.5、7.8 μg/mL无毒浓度进行生长曲线测定。实验设置空白对照组、低浓度剂量组(7.8 μg/mL)、中浓度剂量组(62.5 μg/mL)和高浓度剂量组(250 μg/mL)。将生长至对数期的酿酒酵母细胞稀释至OD600值为0.2,实验组96孔板中每孔按照1:1的体积比分别加入菌液和药物,最后加入无菌水调整每孔的体积,空白对照组仅含有菌液。每组设3个复孔,每8 h测定一次OD600 值,连续测定96 h。以OD600值表示菌液浓度作为纵坐标,时间为横坐标,绘制生长曲线。
参考杨力等[15]实验方法进行测定。将生长至对数期的酵母细胞稀释至OD600值为1,随机分为对照组、模型组和实验组(7.8、62.5、250 μg/mL)。将酵母菌液以1:9的体积比与对应培养基(实验组为含药YPD,模型组与对照组为YPD)混合,在28 ℃、200 r/min下培养2 h。随后收集细胞并将菌悬液OD600调整至0.3。分别取10 mL菌液,实验组与模型组加入500 μL H2O2溶液(6%),对照组加入500 μL YPD培养基,培养30 min和60 min后,将各组酵母细胞逐级稀释10倍,然后依次点样于YPD固体培养基上,倒置于28 ℃培养48 h进行观察。
采用ROS试剂盒进行测定。收集各组酵母细胞,调整酵母菌液OD600值为0.5,加入10 μmol/L的DCFH-DA探针溶液,28 ℃避光孵育60 min。收集酵母细胞并用PBS清洗两次,更换新鲜的YPD液体培养基,实验组和模型组加入500 μL H2O2溶液,培养60 min(28 ℃),使用荧光酶标仪在488 nm激发波长和525 nm发射波长下进行测定。
细胞前处理同1.2.5.2。酵母细胞28 ℃培养60 min离心收集菌体(12000 r/min,5 min),并用无菌水清洗2次,然后加入1 mL提取液,置于冰水浴中超声处理7 min(功率300 W,工作3 s,间歇10 s)。将细胞破碎液于4 ℃,12000 r/min条件下离心5 min,取上清即得到粗酶液。
取1.2.5.4的粗酶液,BCA法测定蛋白含量。按照相应试剂盒的检测方法分别测定酵母细胞SOD活力和GSH水平,采用硫代巴比妥酸法[16]测定MDA含量。
通过LC-MS/MS分析获得黄毛草莓果实提取物的化学成分,利用pubchem(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)、SwissADME数据库(http://www.swissadme.ch/)确定有效化学成分,利用SwissTargetPrediction在线工具(http://swisstargetprediction.ch/)预测筛选有效化学成分的成分靶点。在Genecards(https://www.genecards.org/)、OMIM(https://omim.org/)和DisGeNET(https://www.disgenet.com/)数据库中,以“Antioxidant activity”“Oxidation resistance”“Anti-oxidant”为关键词进行搜索,获得抗氧化相关靶点,将不同数据库收集到的抗氧化相关靶点合并,去除重复值后得到黄毛草莓抗氧化相关靶点。利用在线网站Venny2.1.0,绘制黄毛草莓化学成分相关靶点与抗氧化相关靶点的韦恩图,通过取交集的方法获得黄毛草莓化学成分抗氧化的共同靶点。
将黄毛草莓化学成分、化学成分抗氧化共同靶点作为节点,通过Cytoscape 3.10.0软件构建“药物-成分-靶点”网络图。将黄毛草莓化学成分抗氧化的共同靶点上传至STRING数据库(https://cn.string-db.org),限定物种为“Homo sapiens”得到PPI数据,将数据导入Cytoscape 3.9.1,运用CyoNCA插件计算度中心性(DC)、介度中心性(BC)和接近中心性(CC),以这三个指标为阈值来筛选,筛选得到的靶点为核心靶点,构建核心靶点的PPI网络。
将核心靶点上传DAVID数据库(https://davidbioinformatics.nih.gov/home.jsp),进行基因本体(GO)功能注释和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,以P<0.05为条件。获得生物过程(BP)、细胞成分(CC)、分子功能(MF)和KEGG关键信号通路的富集信息,并对结果进行可视化分析。
在“药物-成分-疾病靶点”网络图中根据Degree值筛选排名靠前的化学成分,在PPI蛋白网络互作图中根据Degree值筛选排名靠前的关键靶点,将化学成分与关键靶点进行分子对接验证。根据结合能绘制热图,分析结合能的大小,并使用Pymol软件对最佳对接结果进行可视化。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0和SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析及绘图,结果以“平均数±标准差”表示。
总酚酸与总黄酮是天然植物发挥抗氧化活性的重要组分,测定其含量对评估植物抗氧化功能价值至关重要[17−18]。分别以没食子酸和芦丁为对照品,采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了FAE和FWE中总酚酸和总黄酮的含量。没食子酸对照品溶液在0.64~10.29 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为:y=0.1344x−0.0343,R2=0.999;芦丁对照品溶液在6.72~107.52 μg/mL范围内的线性关系良好,回归方程为:y=0.011x+0.006,R2=0.997。由表1所示,参照标准曲线计算出FAE和FWE总酚酸含量分别为216.84±0.66、191.90±6.67 mg GAE/g,总黄酮含量分别为149.30±2.99、120.81±26.32 mg CE/g。结果表明,FAE和FWE含有丰富的酚类和黄酮类化合物,可作为黄毛草莓功能活性产品开发的潜在来源。
LC-MS/MS原始数据通过Xcalibur软件进行处理,通过比较mzVault、mzCloud、ChemSpider和MassList等数据库及文献进行鉴定。具体鉴定数据详见图1、图2和表2所示。
从黄毛草莓果实提取物中共鉴定出35种化合物,主要包括酚类、黄酮类、氨基酸、核酸类及多糖类化合物等。其中酚酸类化合物10种:没食子酸、鞣花酸、绿原酸、对羟基苯甲醛、焦性没食子酸等;黄酮类化合物12种:三叶豆苷、槲皮素、柚皮素、花旗松素、金丝桃苷等;氨基酸类化合物4种:脯氨酸、L-酪氨酸、 异亮氨酸、D-色氨酸。这些结果表明,黄毛草莓营养组成多样,且富含多种生物活性成分。
本研究采用DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除和铁离子还原能力实验,评估了FAE与FWE的体外抗氧化活性。FAE和FWE对DPPH、ABTS+自由基的清除能力如表3所示。结果表明,FAE对DPPH自由基的清除能力优于FWE(P<0.05);FAE和FWE对ABTS+自由基清除能力与合成抗氧化剂BHT相当;FAE和FWE对铁离子还原能力见图3(A)所示,相同浓度的FAE和FWE的FeSO4当量均高于对照组BHT。综上,FAE和FWE表现出较强的DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力以及铁离子还原能力,且FAE的抗氧化活性优于FWE。这可能与FAE中更高的总酚酸与总黄酮含量相关,这些活性成分通过提供氢原子(供体)直接清除自由基[32],可有效缓解氧化应激对细胞的损伤。这与向云亚等[33]在水蓑衣中的发现一致,其结果表明,总黄酮和总酚酸含量与抗氧化活性呈显著正相关。此外,和文婧等[34]对松茸醇提物的研究也得出相似结论,进一步印证了酚类与黄酮类成分在抗氧化过程中的关键作用。
如图3所示,实验组酵母细胞进入生长稳定期后,生长曲线高于空白对照组,说明FAE和FWE可维持酵母细胞的活力稳定性,延长酵母细胞的生长稳定期。这一结果可能归因于黄毛草莓果实提取物中含有维生素、多糖和氨基酸等[35],可以为酵母细胞生长提供营养支撑,减缓稳定期因营养耗竭导致的衰亡。
由图4所示,通过比较实验组与模型组对H2O2引起的氧化胁迫抵抗能力,发现当加入H2O2 30 min,实验组酵母细胞存活数与模型组相比无明显差异,说明实验组抗氧化胁迫能力增强不明显;当加入H2O2氧化损伤60 min,与模型组相比,实验组抗氧化胁迫能力有一定增强,其中FAE(250 μg/mL)组作用最为明显。这一结果与体外抗氧化实验结果一致,可能是与FAE中含有较高的酚类成分(如没食子酸、鞣花酸、绿原酸)和黄酮类化合物(如槲皮素、柚皮素、金丝桃苷)等有关,这些物质可以清除自由基和酵母代谢过程中产生的过量活性氧,保护细胞膜、蛋白质和DNA免受氧化损伤[36],从而增强细胞抗氧化胁迫能力,延缓细胞衰老。具体而言,鞣花酸[37]是一种存在于多种天然植物中的多酚二内酯,具有很强的清除氧自由基、羟自由基和抗氧化的能力。槲皮素[38]一种广泛存在于自然界的类黄酮化合物,可通过维持氧化平衡表达其抗氧化活性,主要表现为清除氧自由基、鳌合金属离子及提高抗氧化酶活性等。
活性氧(ROS)过量积累是导致细胞氧化损伤的关键因素,过量的ROS能引起胞内脂质、蛋白质及核酸等大分子的损伤积累,最终导致细胞功能障碍甚至死亡[39]。脂质过氧化是ROS诱发的重要损伤之一,其终产物MDA的含量常用于评估氧化损伤程度[40]。因此,细胞内ROS和MDA的水平可直观反映细胞所受氧化损伤的程度。根据2.4.2实验结果,选择250 μg/mL剂量组进行后续实验。结果如图5所示,添加H2O2诱导后,模型组细胞的ROS和MDA含量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),分别达到对照组的1.82倍和5.93倍。酵母细胞经FAE干预后,细胞内ROS和MDA水平较模型组显著降低(P<0.05);经FWE干预后,细胞内ROS下降不明显,但MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,黄毛草莓提取物能够有效缓解H2O2诱导的酿酒酵母细胞内ROS积累和脂质过氧化反应,从而减轻氧化损伤。
当细胞受到活性氧(ROS)攻击导致其氧化还原平衡被打破时,内源性抗氧化系统会被激活以清除过量的自由基。该系统通过生成多种酶促抗氧化剂来调控ROS的产生与扩散[41],从而减轻氧化损伤。如图5所示,经H2O2诱导后,模型组酵母细胞的SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),达到对照组的1.51倍;模型组酵母细胞的GSH水平是对照组的1.53倍,但未见显著统计学差异。这一结果与已有研究一致:杨钰昆等[42]研究表明,镉胁迫可诱导酿酒酵母中SOD、POD、CAT及GSH等多种抗氧化酶活性显著上升。酵母细胞经FAE干预处理后SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),达到4.97±0.60 U/mg prot;而FWE处理则显著提高了GSH含量(P<0.05),达到31.99±0.09 μg/mg prot。结果表明,黄毛草莓提取物可通过上调SOD活力和GSH含量,增强氧化应激条件下细胞的抗氧化能力,从而有效保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
经过Swiss ADME、Swiss Target Prediction、Genecards、OMIM和DisGeNET数据库分析与数据处理,收集到黄毛草莓提取物的化学成分22个,如表4所示,化学成分靶点387个、抗氧化靶点3554个。将成分靶点和疾病靶点上传至在线网站Venny2.1.0取交集,得到235个交集基因,如图6所示,表明黄毛草莓提取物可能通过这些基因调控抗氧化作用。
通过Cytoscape 3.10.0软件构建“药物-成分-靶点”网络图。如图7所示,在该网络图中,绿色代表黄毛草莓、红色代表化学成分、橙色代表疾病靶点。按照Degree值对化学成分进行排序,排名靠前的化学成分为槲皮素、山奈酚、柚皮素、甘草次酸、鞣花酸和壬二酸,说明这几种化合物为黄毛草莓发挥抗氧化作用的主要化学成分。
将235个抗氧化的潜在作用靶点上传至STRING平台,构建蛋白互作网络图;将数据导入Cytoscape3.10.0,利用CytoNCA插件计算度值(Degree)、介数中心性(Betweenness)和接近中心性(Closeness),并以Degree>28.58、Betweenness>253.17和Closeness>0.002进行筛选。根据网络拓扑分析结果,图中节点的大小和颜色深度与靶标蛋白的重要性呈正相关。通过筛选共获得45个核心靶点,其可视化分析结果如图8所示。其中,节点大小和颜色深度与Degree值成正比,表明这些靶点具有更高的网络连接度和更核心的网络位置。基于此,预测AKT1、IL6、ALB、BCL2、TNF和PPARG等为黄毛草莓提取物中最关键的抗氧化作用靶点。分子机制分析表明,AKT1作为PI3K/AKT信号通路的核心调控蛋白,可通过磷酸化激活转录因子NRF2,进而促进抗氧化基因的表达[43]。促炎因子IL6和TNF则通过NF-κB信号通路双重调控氧化应激:一方面诱导活性氧生成,另一方面抑制超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶的活性[44]。此外,血清白蛋白(ALB)凭借其分子中的游离巯基可直接清除自由基,并通过螯合过渡金属离子(如Fe2+/Cu2+)阻断Fenton反应,从而减轻氧化损伤[45]。
GO和KEGG富集分析共鉴定到1255个显著条目(P<0.05),包括726个生物过程(BP)、111个细胞组分(CC)、252个分子功能(MF)以及166条KEGG通路。根据P值显著性排序,选取BP、MF和CC的前10个条目以及与抗氧化作用相关的KEGG前10条通路进行可视化分析,如图9和图10所示。在生物过程层面,显著富集的条目主要涉及信号转导调控(如细胞凋亡负调控、细胞增殖正调控、基因表达正调控),表明黄毛草莓提取物可能通过多靶点参与细胞稳态的调控;细胞组分分析显示,靶蛋白主要定位在细胞膜(受体活性)、细胞核(转录调控)及线粒体(能量代谢)等关键亚细胞结构;分子功能富集结果显示,靶点蛋白显著参与蛋白质结合(包括酶结合、ATP结合)和蛋白激酶活性,这与植物多酚类物质的典型作用模式相符[46]。KEGG通路分析进一步揭示,黄毛草莓提取物的抗氧化作用可能通过以下核心通路介导:PI3K-AKT信号通路,调控NRF2介导的抗氧化反应[47];MAPK信号通路,通过调控NF-κB减少促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6释放,间接缓解氧化应激诱导的炎症损伤[48];HIF-1信号通路,在低氧状态下激活糖酵解关键酶HK2、PDK1,减少线粒体ROS产生[49]。这些通路之间相互作用,形成一个复杂的抗氧化调控网络。
基于网络药理学筛选结果,选取了“药物-成分-靶点”网络图中的前6种化学成分与PPI蛋白网络图中Degree值排名前10的关键靶点进行分子对接验证,并利用Pymol软件将对接的最佳构象进行可视化分析,结果如图11、图12所示。结果表明,除壬二酸外,其余化学成分与靶点的对接结合能均小于−5 kcal/mol,其中甘草次酸、鞣花酸和山奈酚与TNF的结合能最高,分别为−9.1、−9.3和−8.1 kcal/mol。槲皮素和柚皮素则与PTGS2结合能更高,分别为−9.0和−7.9 kcal/mol。表明这些化学成分与靶点蛋白具有较好的结合亲和力,并且这些复合物可能具有较高的构象稳定性。
图12结果所示,甘草次酸、鞣花酸和山奈酚与TNF发生相互作用,其中甘草次酸与LEU-1032、ASN-1024和GLN-1015形成氢键,同时还存在疏水相互作用。鞣花酸与GLN-1015、LEU-1023、ASN-1024、ASN-1025之间形成5个氢键,山奈酚与GLN-1033、ASN-1024和GLU-1028之间形成4个氢键,这些高亲和力结合可有效抑制TNF-α,从源头上减少炎症诱导的活性氧(ROS)生成,并打破“炎症-氧化应激”恶性循环[50]。柚皮素、槲皮素与PTGS2发生相互作用,其中柚皮素与ARG-376和SER-143形成4个氢键,槲皮素与GLN-461、HIS-39和ASN-34形成氢键。柚皮素与槲皮素通过氢键网络抑制PTGS2(COX-2)的酶活性。这不仅减少了炎症介质的产生,也降低了其催化过程中伴随的ROS产生,从而缓解氧化应激[51]。壬二酸可与AKT1的多个残基形成氢键。作为PI3K/AKT信号通路的核心,AKT1受到抑制后,可间接影响下游的Nrf2等抗氧化信号通路,进而调节超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等内源性抗氧化酶的活性[47]。综上所述,这些化合物通过作用于TNF-α、PTGS2及AKT1等不同关键靶点,形成了一个多靶点的抗氧化与抑制ROS生成的调控网络,是黄毛草莓发挥活性作用的重要物质基础。
本研究通过抗氧化活性评价发现,黄毛草莓提取物FAE和FWE表现出良好的DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力及铁离子还原能力,具有良好的抗氧化效果,且FAE的抗氧化活性优于FWE,这可能与FAE中更高的总酚酸与总黄酮含量相关。进一步研究表明,FAE和FWE处理可延长酿酒酵母的生长稳定期,增强其抗氧化胁迫能力,降低细胞内MDA和ROS水平,同时提高SOD活力和GSH水平从而缓解氧化损伤、增强细胞抗氧化能力。利用LC-MS/MS技术对黄毛草莓果实提取物的化学成分进行分析,从中鉴定出酚类、黄酮类、氨基酸及核苷类共35种化合物。网络药理学分析提示,槲皮素、山奈酚、柚皮素及鞣花酸等为关键抗氧化成分,其抗氧化作用可能通过调控AKT1、IL6、ALB、ESR1、EGFR、TNF等靶点,激活PI3K-AKT、MAPK和HIF-1等信号通路实现。分子对接结果与网络药理学预测基本一致,表明黄毛草莓提取物可能通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的协同作用发挥抗氧化作用。本研究证实黄毛草莓提取物具有良好的抗氧化潜力,为其在功能性食品中的应用提供了重要的科学依据。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080331
  • 接收时间:2025-09-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01
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    1贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院,贵州贵阳 550025
    2西南药食两用资源开发利用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,贵州贵阳 550025
    3贵州理工学院,贵州贵阳 550025

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王慧娟(1981−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:药食同源产品研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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