Article(id=1320880774610530764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100191, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761062400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852117444, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852117444, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852117444, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852117444, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=527, endPage=538, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880774824440269, articleId=1320880774610530764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Anti-aging Effect of Ultrafiltration Components of Perinereis aibuhitensis on Caenorhabditis elegans and Its Mechanism, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the anti-aging effects of three ultrafiltration fractions (EPU-1 (<5 kDa), EPU-2 (5~8 kDa), and EPU-3 (>8 kDa)) derived from the enzymatic hydrolysate of Perinereis aibuhitensis on Caenorhabditis elegans. The basic nutritional composition of each fraction was determined, and their in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated based on hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion scavenging capacities. Using nematode as the model organism, the effects of these fractions were assessed with respect to stress resistance, lifespan, locomotion, fecundity, and lipofuscin accumulation. Furthermore, the expression levels of gene expression associated with the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway were measured to explore the underlying anti-aging mechanisms. The results indicated that EPU-1 and EPU-2 were rich in peptides, with contents of 44.20% and 40.41%, respectively, whereas EPU-3 contained only 4.60% peptides. All three fractions exhibited strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities and significantly delayed aging in nematode. Among them, EPU-1 demonstrated the most potent antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Its hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion scavenging capacities were significantly higher than those of EPU-2 and EPU-3 (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, EPU-1 significantly enhanced the nematode's resistance to acute oxidative stress (P<0.05) and thermal stress (P<0.05), extended lifespan, and increased brood size (P<0.05). All three fractions significantly improved locomotor capacity and reduced lipofuscin accumulation (P<0.05). Moreover, EPU-1 significantly downregulated the expression of daf-2 and age-1 (P<0.01) and upregulated daf-16 and skn-1 (P<0.05). In conclusion, the ultrafiltration fractions of Perinereis aibuhitensis enzymatic hydrolysate possess notable antioxidant and anti-aging properties, with EPU-1 exhibiting the strongest efficacy. These findings provide a scientific basis for the potential application of these fractions in functional foods and related health products.

, authors=Ju SU, Guoping ZHU*, Wenhong CAO, Zhongqin CHEN, Mingtang TAN, Huina ZHENG, Jialong GAO, Haisheng LIN, authorsList=Ju SU, Guoping ZHU, Wenhong CAO, Zhongqin CHEN, Mingtang TAN, Huina ZHENG, Jialong GAO, Haisheng LIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guoping ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880776841900514, articleId=1320880774610530764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=双齿围沙蚕超滤组分对秀丽隐杆线虫的延缓衰老作用及其机制, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以双齿围沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分为原料,研究双齿围沙蚕3种超滤组分EPU-1(<5 kDa)、EPU-2(5~8 kDa)和EPU-3(>8 kDa)对秀丽隐杆线虫的延缓衰老作用。实验测定了沙蚕超滤组分的基本营养成分,以羟自由基和超氧阴离子清除能力为指标,评价其体外抗氧化能力;以秀丽隐杆线虫为模型,研究超滤组分对线虫抗应激能力、寿命、运动能力、繁殖能力、脂褐素积累的影响,测定线虫胰岛素/IIS信号通路相关基因表达水平,探究双齿围沙蚕延缓衰老的作用机制。实验结果显示,超滤组分EPU-1、EPU-2富含多肽,含量分别为44.20%、40.41%,但EPU-3多肽含量仅为4.60%。3种沙蚕超滤组分均具有较强的体内外抗氧化活性及延缓线虫衰老的作用,且EPU-1的抗氧化活性及延缓衰老的作用最强,EPU-1的羟自由基和超氧阴离子清除能力显著高于EPU-2(P<0.05)、EPU-3(P<0.05),与空白组相比,EPU-1能显著提高线虫抗急性氧化应激损伤(P<0.05)、热应激损伤的能力(P<0.05),延长线虫寿命且增加线虫产卵量(P<0.05),3种组分均能显著提高线虫的运动能力且显著减少线虫脂褐素积累(P<0.05);此外,EPU-1可显著下调daf-2和age-1基因的表达(P<0.01),上调daf-16和skn-1基因的表达(P<0.05)。综上,双齿围沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分具有良好的抗氧化活性及延缓衰老作用,其中EPU-1抗氧化及延缓衰老的功效最优,实验结果可为其在食品、功能产品的开发和利用提供参考。

, authors=苏炬, 朱国萍*, 曹文红, 陈忠琴, 谭明堂, 郑慧娜, 高加龙, 林海生, authorsList=苏炬, 朱国萍, 曹文红, 陈忠琴, 谭明堂, 郑慧娜, 高加龙, 林海生, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱国萍, authorNote=

苏炬(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:海洋活性物质研究、食品加工与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
朱国萍(1977−),女,博士,高级实验师,研究方向:海洋活性物质研究、食品加工与安全,E-mail:。
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苏炬(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:海洋活性物质研究、食品加工与安全,E-mail:

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Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2017, 124(1): 1−7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881057122074692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881057134657605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, companyId=1320881057122074692, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881057143046214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, companyId=1320881057122074692, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东海洋大学 食品科技学院,国家贝类加工技术研发分中心(湛江),广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东省海洋生物制品工程实验室,广东省海洋食品工程技术研究中心,广东省水产预制食品加工与品质控制工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524088)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881061421236345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of EPU-1, EPU-2, EPU-3, figureFileSmall=g8iFe8yalc/7dz1YDPYuqg==, figureFileBig=U4G8BmIq0u/V3uaGTG/MVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881061513511034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=图1, caption=EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3的羟自由基清除能力

注:A.三种组分的羟自由基清除率曲线,B.三种组分的羟自由基清除率IC50值;****表示极显著差异,P<0.0001,图2同。

, figureFileSmall=g8iFe8yalc/7dz1YDPYuqg==, figureFileBig=U4G8BmIq0u/V3uaGTG/MVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881061609980027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity of EPU-1, EPU-2, EPU-3, figureFileSmall=ARPy6i2ZMLLwmts4McuNtQ==, figureFileBig=u+2JDMhkJhrl0oXeqByN0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881061693866108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=图2, caption=EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力

注:A.三种组分的超氧阴离子清除率曲线;B.三种组分的超氧阴离子清除率IC50值。

, figureFileSmall=ARPy6i2ZMLLwmts4McuNtQ==, figureFileBig=u+2JDMhkJhrl0oXeqByN0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881061777752189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of ultrafiltration components of sandworm on lifespan of C. elegans under acute oxidant stress, figureFileSmall=HSnMNuks5azaQOPlkLFCeg==, figureFileBig=3U6gG6zyAywSARASUFH9Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881061861638270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=图3, caption=沙蚕超滤组分对线虫急性氧化应激条件下寿命的影响

注:A.3种组分1 mg/mL处理组;B.3种组分4 mg/mL处理组;C.3种组分8 mg/mL处理组。

, figureFileSmall=HSnMNuks5azaQOPlkLFCeg==, figureFileBig=3U6gG6zyAywSARASUFH9Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881061937135743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of ultrafiltration components of sandworm on heat stress damage in C. elegans, figureFileSmall=TDhLqDiQ/k9hBRxRvN8FAw==, figureFileBig=yvsTJHB6xkPGfVfO8PMrJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881062008438912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=图4, caption=沙蚕超滤组分对线虫热应激损伤的影响

注:A.3种组分1 mg/mL处理组;B.3种组分4 mg/mL处理组;C.3种组分8 mg/mL处理组;*表示有统计学差异,P<0.05;**表示显著差异,P<0.01;***表示高显著差异,P<0.001;****表示极显著差异,P<0.0001;图6、图7、图9、图10同。

, figureFileSmall=TDhLqDiQ/k9hBRxRvN8FAw==, figureFileBig=yvsTJHB6xkPGfVfO8PMrJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881062071353473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of three kinds of ultrafiltration components of sandworm on lifespan of C. elegans, figureFileSmall=velzTGaX1MlXrTKmTiTCZg==, figureFileBig=1hRxm4iuKnOmRfRVl9E/+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881062146850946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=图5, caption=三种沙蚕超滤组分对线虫寿命的影响

注:A.不同剂量浓度EPU-1处理组;B.不同剂量浓度EPU-2处理组;C.不同剂量浓度EPU-3处理组。

, figureFileSmall=velzTGaX1MlXrTKmTiTCZg==, figureFileBig=1hRxm4iuKnOmRfRVl9E/+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881062209765507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of ultrafiltration components of sandworm on motility of C. elegans, figureFileSmall=1k9c1oKNTA0y9KiuqEq2bA==, figureFileBig=dUyfbdTMIh8dU2aST4vvMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881062302040196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=图6, caption=沙蚕超滤组分对线虫运动能力的影响

注:A.第3 d头尾摆动次数;B.第6 d头尾摆动次数;C.第9 d头尾摆动次数。

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注:A.daf-2基因水平表达量;B.age-1基因水平表达量;C.daf-16基因水平表达量;D.skn-1基因水平表达量。

, figureFileSmall=bKK2fOnS6dPmJMSEmYO1/A==, figureFileBig=PjSTA/DAJStNqcyOWDXZfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881062901825677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences used in quantitative polymerase chain reaction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因上游引物(5′-3′)下游引物(5′-3′)
actinGATGTCGCCGAGGAGAAGCAACACTGGGGTAGAGTGGAGCTTGG
daf-2TGAAAGCGAAGCAGCGAGAAGGCGTCCGAACTTCCGCATCACTC
daf-16CGGGAGAGAGGGACACGCTTCACGGAATTGCTCAGCCACCATG
age-1CGCCACGGCAACATCCTCAGGGCTGCTCAATCGCCAACTCC
skn-1GCCAGCGGACAACGGAAGCGGAACGCCGACACTGGAAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1320881062973128846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

定量聚合酶链式反应中所用引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因上游引物(5′-3′)下游引物(5′-3′)
actinGATGTCGCCGAGGAGAAGCAACACTGGGGTAGAGTGGAGCTTGG
daf-2TGAAAGCGAAGCAGCGAGAAGGCGTCCGAACTTCCGCATCACTC
daf-16CGGGAGAGAGGGACACGCTTCACGGAATTGCTCAGCCACCATG
age-1CGCCACGGCAACATCCTCAGGGCTGCTCAATCGCCAACTCC
skn-1GCCAGCGGACAACGGAAGCGGAACGCCGACACTGGAAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1320881063048626319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic components of ultrafiltration components of sandworm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别总蛋白(%)多肽含量(%)总糖(%)粗脂肪(%)粗灰分(%)
EPU-160.55±0.52a44.20±0.44a9.51±0.07a0.76±0.05c13.84±0.37b
EPU-258.89±0.73b40.41±0.58b5.64±0.08c1.14±0.09b14.73±0.47ab
EPU-356.35±0.61c4.60±0.20c8.29±0.11b3.32±0.09a15.94±0.50a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881063140901008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

沙蚕超滤组分基本营养成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别总蛋白(%)多肽含量(%)总糖(%)粗脂肪(%)粗灰分(%)
EPU-160.55±0.52a44.20±0.44a9.51±0.07a0.76±0.05c13.84±0.37b
EPU-258.89±0.73b40.41±0.58b5.64±0.08c1.14±0.09b14.73±0.47ab
EPU-356.35±0.61c4.60±0.20c8.29±0.11b3.32±0.09a15.94±0.50a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881063203815569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of ultrafiltration components of sandworm on lifespan of C. elegans under acute oxidant stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品处理组组别平均寿命(h)百分比(%)
低剂量组
(1 mg/mL)
对照组2.41±0.04100.0
EPU-12.57±0.14106.6
EPU-22.50±0.05103.7
EPU-32.48±0.13102.9
中剂量组
(4 mg/mL)
对照组2.57±0.03100.0
EPU-13.16±0.10*122.9
EPU-22.71±0.08105.4
EPU-32.64±0.07102.7
高剂量组
(8 mg/mL)
对照组2.53±0.03100.0
EPU-12.87±0.11*113.4
EPU-22.64±0.09104.3
EPU-32.59±0.06102.4
), ArticleFig(id=1320881063279313042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

沙蚕超滤组分对线虫急性氧化应激条件下寿命的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品处理组组别平均寿命(h)百分比(%)
低剂量组
(1 mg/mL)
对照组2.41±0.04100.0
EPU-12.57±0.14106.6
EPU-22.50±0.05103.7
EPU-32.48±0.13102.9
中剂量组
(4 mg/mL)
对照组2.57±0.03100.0
EPU-13.16±0.10*122.9
EPU-22.71±0.08105.4
EPU-32.64±0.07102.7
高剂量组
(8 mg/mL)
对照组2.53±0.03100.0
EPU-12.87±0.11*113.4
EPU-22.64±0.09104.3
EPU-32.59±0.06102.4
), ArticleFig(id=1320881063359004819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of ultrafiltration components of sandworm on lifespan of C. elegans

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别浓度(mg/mL)平均寿命(d)百分比(%)最长寿命(d)
对照组011.49±0.56100.018
EPU-1112.46±0.66108.419
413.09±0.34*113.922
812.33±0.67107.318
EPU-2112.13±0.42105.619
412.58±0.12111.022
811.87±0.76103.319
EPU-3112.34±0.39107.420
412.24±0.61106.519
812.10±0.78105.320
), ArticleFig(id=1320881063434502292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880774610530764, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

沙蚕超滤组分对秀丽隐杆线虫寿命的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别浓度(mg/mL)平均寿命(d)百分比(%)最长寿命(d)
对照组011.49±0.56100.018
EPU-1112.46±0.66108.419
413.09±0.34*113.922
812.33±0.67107.318
EPU-2112.13±0.42105.619
412.58±0.12111.022
811.87±0.76103.319
EPU-3112.34±0.39107.420
412.24±0.61106.519
812.10±0.78105.320
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双齿围沙蚕超滤组分对秀丽隐杆线虫的延缓衰老作用及其机制
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苏炬 , 朱国萍 * , 曹文红 , 陈忠琴 , 谭明堂 , 郑慧娜 , 高加龙 , 林海生
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(17): 527-538
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (17) : 527 -538
双齿围沙蚕超滤组分对秀丽隐杆线虫的延缓衰老作用及其机制
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苏炬 , 朱国萍* , 曹文红, 陈忠琴, 谭明堂, 郑慧娜, 高加龙, 林海生
作者信息
  • 广东海洋大学 食品科技学院,国家贝类加工技术研发分中心(湛江),广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东省海洋生物制品工程实验室,广东省海洋食品工程技术研究中心,广东省水产预制食品加工与品质控制工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524088
通讯作者:
朱国萍(1977−),女,博士,高级实验师,研究方向:海洋活性物质研究、食品加工与安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

苏炬(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:海洋活性物质研究、食品加工与安全,E-mail:

Anti-aging Effect of Ultrafiltration Components of Perinereis aibuhitensis on Caenorhabditis elegans and Its Mechanism
Ju SU , Guoping ZHU* , Wenhong CAO, Zhongqin CHEN, Mingtang TAN, Huina ZHENG, Jialong GAO, Haisheng LIN
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100191
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本研究以双齿围沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分为原料,研究双齿围沙蚕3种超滤组分EPU-1(<5 kDa)、EPU-2(5~8 kDa)和EPU-3(>8 kDa)对秀丽隐杆线虫的延缓衰老作用。实验测定了沙蚕超滤组分的基本营养成分,以羟自由基和超氧阴离子清除能力为指标,评价其体外抗氧化能力;以秀丽隐杆线虫为模型,研究超滤组分对线虫抗应激能力、寿命、运动能力、繁殖能力、脂褐素积累的影响,测定线虫胰岛素/IIS信号通路相关基因表达水平,探究双齿围沙蚕延缓衰老的作用机制。实验结果显示,超滤组分EPU-1、EPU-2富含多肽,含量分别为44.20%、40.41%,但EPU-3多肽含量仅为4.60%。3种沙蚕超滤组分均具有较强的体内外抗氧化活性及延缓线虫衰老的作用,且EPU-1的抗氧化活性及延缓衰老的作用最强,EPU-1的羟自由基和超氧阴离子清除能力显著高于EPU-2(P<0.05)、EPU-3(P<0.05),与空白组相比,EPU-1能显著提高线虫抗急性氧化应激损伤(P<0.05)、热应激损伤的能力(P<0.05),延长线虫寿命且增加线虫产卵量(P<0.05),3种组分均能显著提高线虫的运动能力且显著减少线虫脂褐素积累(P<0.05);此外,EPU-1可显著下调daf-2和age-1基因的表达(P<0.01),上调daf-16和skn-1基因的表达(P<0.05)。综上,双齿围沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分具有良好的抗氧化活性及延缓衰老作用,其中EPU-1抗氧化及延缓衰老的功效最优,实验结果可为其在食品、功能产品的开发和利用提供参考。

双齿围沙蚕  /  超滤组分  /  秀丽隐杆线虫  /  延缓衰老  /  作用机制

This study investigated the anti-aging effects of three ultrafiltration fractions (EPU-1 (<5 kDa), EPU-2 (5~8 kDa), and EPU-3 (>8 kDa)) derived from the enzymatic hydrolysate of Perinereis aibuhitensis on Caenorhabditis elegans. The basic nutritional composition of each fraction was determined, and their in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated based on hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion scavenging capacities. Using nematode as the model organism, the effects of these fractions were assessed with respect to stress resistance, lifespan, locomotion, fecundity, and lipofuscin accumulation. Furthermore, the expression levels of gene expression associated with the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway were measured to explore the underlying anti-aging mechanisms. The results indicated that EPU-1 and EPU-2 were rich in peptides, with contents of 44.20% and 40.41%, respectively, whereas EPU-3 contained only 4.60% peptides. All three fractions exhibited strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities and significantly delayed aging in nematode. Among them, EPU-1 demonstrated the most potent antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Its hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion scavenging capacities were significantly higher than those of EPU-2 and EPU-3 (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, EPU-1 significantly enhanced the nematode's resistance to acute oxidative stress (P<0.05) and thermal stress (P<0.05), extended lifespan, and increased brood size (P<0.05). All three fractions significantly improved locomotor capacity and reduced lipofuscin accumulation (P<0.05). Moreover, EPU-1 significantly downregulated the expression of daf-2 and age-1 (P<0.01) and upregulated daf-16 and skn-1 (P<0.05). In conclusion, the ultrafiltration fractions of Perinereis aibuhitensis enzymatic hydrolysate possess notable antioxidant and anti-aging properties, with EPU-1 exhibiting the strongest efficacy. These findings provide a scientific basis for the potential application of these fractions in functional foods and related health products.

Perinereis aibuhitensis  /  ultrafiltration components  /  Caenorhabditis elegans  /  anti-aging  /  mechanism
苏炬, 朱国萍, 曹文红, 陈忠琴, 谭明堂, 郑慧娜, 高加龙, 林海生. 双齿围沙蚕超滤组分对秀丽隐杆线虫的延缓衰老作用及其机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 527 -538 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100191
Ju SU, Guoping ZHU, Wenhong CAO, Zhongqin CHEN, Mingtang TAN, Huina ZHENG, Jialong GAO, Haisheng LIN. Anti-aging Effect of Ultrafiltration Components of Perinereis aibuhitensis on Caenorhabditis elegans and Its Mechanism[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 527 -538 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100191
衰老是一个复杂的生物过程,其特征是生理功能逐渐下降,导致对疾病的易感性增加,最终导致死亡[1]。随着全球老龄化的加剧,延缓衰老已然成为全球关注的热点问题。衰老过程中的多种细胞和分子损伤的累积是导致衰老的核心机制,其中活性氧的过量产生是关键的因素之一,因此,抗氧化是延缓衰老的关键[2]。目前对于抗氧化的措施主要包括补充抗氧化剂以及生活方式干预,其中来自天然产物的抗氧化功效活性物质被发现在改善机体氧化应激状态的过程中呈现出延缓机体衰老的作用,如鳕鱼胶原蛋白肽[3]、鲍鱼肽[4]、马尼拉蛤蜊肽[5]等。来源于海洋的生物活性物质由于高压高盐的环境使其具有独特结构和高生物活性的特征,从而具有开发延缓衰老功能食品、化妆品等高值化利用价值。
双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)富含氨基酸、蛋白质等营养物质,享有“海中冬虫夏草”的美誉。湛江养殖的双齿围沙蚕氨基酸总量为11.73%[6],总抗氧化能力[7]较强的蛋氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和酪氨酸含量占总氨基酸的24.81%;沙蚕干物质中均富含粗蛋白质,天然沙蚕和养殖沙蚕粗蛋白质含量均达到60%以上[8]。朱国萍等[9]发现,分子量小于5 kDa的沙蚕酶解产物具有良好的DPPH自由基清除作用;黄琳等[10]通过DPPH法观察双齿围沙蚕提取物抗氧化活性,证实沙蚕具有较强的还原力和清除DPPH自由基的能力;Liu等[11]对比了沙蚕水解液冻干和喷雾干燥后的理化性质,发现冻干粉和喷干粉均具有较强的抗氧化活性。综上,双齿围沙蚕富含蛋白质,其氨基酸含量丰富,且其具有良好的抗氧化活性,是制备延缓衰老功效活性成分的理想原料。目前尚无关于双齿围沙蚕活性肽抗衰老功效的报道。
秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)是一种经典的无脊椎动物模型,具有寿命短、容易观察、实验周期短和基因组序列完整等特点[12],由于其寿命周期短,与人类遗传类似的特点,在衰老研究中被广泛用作模型生物。同时,线虫信号通路与人类高度保守,其人类同源基因占60%~80%,表明利用秀丽隐杆线虫对人类相关的衰老机制研究高度可行且极具价值,是研究衰老表型和信号通路机制的理想动物模型[13]。目前国内外已有大量将线虫模型应用于抗氧化、抗衰老、调节脂质代谢和防治神经退行性疾病的研究,因此用线虫评价天然产物活性成分的营养和功能特性高度可靠[14]。
综上,本研究拟以双齿围沙蚕作为原料,以秀丽隐杆线虫作为模式生物,测定双齿围沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分的体内外抗氧化活性,探究双齿围沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分的干预对秀丽隐杆线虫寿命、运动能力、繁殖能力及脂褐素积累程度及衰老基因表达量的影响,初步探讨双齿围沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分延缓衰老的作用机制,实验结果可为双齿围沙蚕开发延缓衰老功效产品提供理论基础。
双齿围沙蚕 遂溪腾飞生物科技有限公司;N2野生型秀丽隐杆线虫、OP50大肠杆菌 福建上源生物科学技术有限公司;碱性蛋白酶(200 U/mg) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;邻二氮菲、焦性没食子酸(EGTA)、三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;硫酸亚铁 广州化学试剂厂;NGM线虫培养基 石家庄西默科技有限公司;LB琼脂 北京陆桥技术股份有限公司;LB肉汤、琼脂粉 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;盐酸四咪唑、5-氟脱氧尿苷(FUdR) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;次氯酸钠 上海易恩化技术有限公司;氢氧化钠 西陇科学股份有限公司。
DF-101T集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器 上海科升仪器有限公司;Thermo Lynx 6000高速落地离心机 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific 公司;Varioskan LUX全自动酶标仪 美国 Thermo公司;Masterflex L/S超滤设备 上海默西科学仪器有限公司;EYELA N-1300旋转蒸发仪 上海爱朗仪器有限公司;LGJ-12冷冻干燥机 北京松源华兴科技发展公司;FOSS Kjeltec 8200自动凯氏定氮仪 上海瑞玢国际贸易有限公司;SOX606全自动脂肪测定仪 海能基石技术有限公司;B60F正立式荧光显微镜 广州道一科学技术有限公司;SW-CJ-2F双人单面垂直送风净化工作台 苏州博莱尔净化设备有限公司;SRL7045体式显微镜 北京天诺翔科学仪器有限公司;FQD-96C荧光定量PCR仪 杭州博日科技股份有限公司;SMA4000微量核酸定量仪 美林恒通(北京)仪器有限公司;9600基因扩增仪 珠海黑马生物科技有限公司。
参考李丽娟等[15]的方法进行制备:称取新鲜双齿围沙蚕,匀浆后以料水比为1:5(g:mL)的比例加水,按3000 U/g原料比例加入碱性蛋白酶,调节pH8.5,恒温搅拌水浴50 ℃酶解7 h后,沸水浴灭酶10 min,高速落地离心机8000 r/min,4 ℃离心20 min取上清液,依次过 8 kDa和5 kDa超滤膜,得到分子量大于8 kDa(EPU-3)、5~8 kDa(EPU-2)和小于5 kDa(EPU-1)的沙蚕超滤组分,冷冻干燥备用。
对EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3进行一般营养成分的测定。蛋白质测定:GB5009.5-2016《食品中蛋白质的测定 凯氏定氮法》;脂肪测定:GB5009.6-2016《食品中脂肪的测定 索氏提取法》;总糖测定:GB/T9695.31-2008《肉制品 总糖含量测定 苯酚-硫酸法》;总灰分测定:GB5009.4-2016《食品中灰分的测定 高温灼烧法》。多肽含量测定:参照鲁伟等[16]的双缩脲法稍作修改。样品溶液与10%三氯乙酸(TCA)以体积比1:1混匀后静置10 min,离心取上清液,加入同等体积双缩脲试剂,摇匀避光静置反应10 min后,测定OD540 nm,相同程序配制谷胱甘肽测OD绘制标准曲线,根据标准曲线计算样品溶液多肽含量。
参照Zhu等[17]的实验方法并作适当的修改。向试管中依次加入1.2 mL邻二氮菲(5 mmol/L),0.8 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(0.2 mol/L,pH7.4),2 mL样品溶液,1.2 mL EDTA-2Na(15 mmol/mL),1.2 mL FeSO4(5 mmol/mL),1.6 mL H2O2(0.1%),定容至 10 mL混匀,37 ℃水浴90 min,离心处理后用紫外分光光度计在536 nm波长下测吸光值,样品浓度为2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5 mg/mL。损伤组:用超纯水代替样品,其他步骤与样品管一致。非损伤组:用超纯水代替H2O2,其他步骤与损伤管一致,每个浓度做3个平行,实验结果采用羟自由基清除率表示:
$\rm 羟自由基清除率(\text{%})=\frac{{A}_{0}-{A}_{1}}{{A}_{2}-{A}_{1}}\times 100 $
式中:A0表示样品组的吸光度值;A1表示损伤组的吸光度值;A2表示非损伤组的吸光度值。
参照Alashi等[18]的实验方法并作适当的修改。试管中加入1 mL样品(浓度分别为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5 mg/mL),加入4.5 mL Tris-HCL缓冲液(0.01 mol/L,pH8.2),在25 ℃下恒温20 min,取出后立即加入4.2 mL超纯水以及0.3 mL、25 ℃预热后的邻苯三酚溶液,快速摇匀后倾入比色皿中,在325 nm波长下每隔0.5 min测一次吸光值A1,一共测5 min,计算样品溶液吸光度随时间的变化率ΔA1,以相同体积的水代替样品作空白对照,测得吸光度随时间的变化率ΔA0,最终结果以超氧阴离子清除率表示:
$\rm 超氧阴离子清除率(\text{%})=\frac{{\Delta }{A}_{0}-{\Delta }{A}_{1}}{{\Delta }{A}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:ΔA0表示空白对照吸光度随时间的变化率;ΔA1表示样品溶液吸光度随时间的变化率。
参照魏润霞等[19]的方法稍作修改:线虫生长培养基(NGM)的制备:培养基121 ℃高压灭菌后,倒入60 mm无菌培养皿中冷却凝固,于培养板上滴入50 μL OP50菌液,晾干,于20 ℃培养箱中培养出菌斑,得到线虫培养板。线虫裂解液的制备:取浓度为1 mol/L NaOH溶液与质量分数为10%的次氯酸钠以及无菌水按1:1:8体积比混合,现配现用。
线虫同期化:将待产卵线虫用M9缓冲液洗至2 mL离心管中,静置,待线虫沉淀后除去上清液,重复清洗3次,加入1 mL裂解液,振荡1~2 min使线虫完全裂解,离心30 s,除去上清液得到虫卵沉淀,使用M9缓冲液重复清洗5~6次,直至刺鼻味消失,将洗涤后的虫卵转移至含有OP50的NGM培养基中,于20 ℃培养箱中孵化48 h后,得到同期化线虫。
收集L4期同期化线虫,分别使用浓度为1、4、8 mg/mL的EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3处理线虫,设置对照组,每组3个平行,每个平行30条线虫,培养3 d后,把线虫转移至每10 mL培养基含有10 μL 30%过氧化氢的培养板中,每隔1 h观察一次并统计存活数、消失数、死亡数,直至线虫全部死亡,绘制生存曲线。每小时线虫存活数之和与线虫总数之比为平均寿命;以对照组平均寿命为100%,样品组平均寿命与对照组平均寿命之比表示线虫寿命延长程度。
收集L4期同期化线虫,分别使用浓度为1、4、8 mg/mL的EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3处理线虫,设置对照组,每组3个平行,每个平行30条线虫,培养3 d后,将线虫转移至不含食物的培养板中,于35 ℃培养箱中培养8 h,再转移至20 ℃培养箱中恢复12 h,统计存活数,计算存活率。
收集L4期同期化线虫,将线虫随机转移至含有OP50和150 mmol/L FUdR的NGM培养板中,使用50 μL不同浓度(1、4、8 mg/mL)的EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3处理,对照组以超纯水代替样品,每组3个平行,每个平行30条虫,于20 ℃培养箱中培养。转移当天记为第0 d,每隔24 h更换NGM培养板并记录线虫存活数、消失数、死亡数(挑针轻微接触无任何反应且呈僵直状,则视为死亡),直至所有线虫死亡,绘制生存曲线。每天线虫存活数之和与线虫总数之比为平均寿命;以对照组平均寿命为100%,样品组平均寿命与对照组平均寿命之比表示线虫寿命延长程度。
收集L4期同期化线虫,按照1.2.7的方法处理线虫,设置对照组,每组3个平行,每个平行5条线虫,培养期间在第3、6、9 d观察并记录线虫运动次数。线虫运动测定方法如下:挑取一条线虫置于M9缓冲液中,待其适应30 s后,观察记录线虫10 s内运动次数(线虫头尾往返摆动一次记为运动一次)。
收集L4期同期化线虫,按照1.2.7的方法处理线虫(不加FUdR),设置对照组,每组6个平行,每个平行1条线虫,线虫开始产卵当天记为第1 d,同时开始计数产卵量,每24 h更换培养板并计数,直至产卵结束,统计总产卵量。
收集L4期同期化线虫,按照1.2.7的方法处理线虫,设置对照组,每组3个平行,每个平行15条线虫,培养5 d后,用0.1%盐酸四咪唑溶液麻醉线虫,转移至2%琼脂糖载玻片,荧光显微镜观察并采集图片,使用Image J软件分析线虫平均荧光强度,以对照组为基准归一化处理,结果表示为脂褐素相对含量(%)。
收集L4期同期化线虫,使用EPU-1(4 mg/mL)处理72 h,设置对照组,每组3个平行,用M9缓冲液冲洗至2 mL EP管中,每根管约1000条虫,−80 ℃速冻保存。采用试剂盒提取总RNA并通过逆转录合成cDNA。采用SYBR染料法进行实时定量PCR。PCR扩增体系:2×qPCR Mix 10 μL,7.5 μmol/L基因引物2 μL,反转录产物1 μL,ddH2O 7 μL。PCR扩增条件:95 ℃预变性2 min,95 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火30 s,共45个循环。通过RT-qPCR评估基因daf-2、daf-16、age-1、skn-1的mRNA表达水平,actin为内参基因,基因表达量以2−ΔΔCt法计算,引物设计如表1所示。
实验均重复3次,使用GraphPad Prism 9、Image J软件对实验数据进行处理分析并作图,使用IBM SPSS Statistics 27进行显著性分析,实验结果以平均值±标准差表示。
测定沙蚕酶解产物三种超滤组分的营养成分,对比其基本营养成分的差异性,实验结果如表2所示,三种沙蚕超滤组分基本营养成分均以总蛋白的含量最高,其中EPU-1组的总蛋白含量为60.55%,显著高于EPU-2、EPU-3组(P<0.05),EPU-2组与EPU-3组总蛋白含量分别为58.89%和56.35%,且EPU-2组与EPU-3组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);三种沙蚕超滤组分多肽含量差异性较大,EPU-3所含的多肽含量仅为EPU-1、EPU-2的1/9,显著低于EPU-1、EPU-2(P<0.05);总糖含量方面,EPU-3的总糖含量显著高于EPU-2(P<0.05),这与大于8 kDa 超滤膜截留了大分子多糖直接相关,但EPU-1总糖含量高于EPU-3,这可能是由于EPU-3中含的单糖较多;三种超滤组分的粗脂肪含量均较低,分别为0.76%、1.14%和3.32%,存在显著差异(P<0.05);三种超滤组分粗灰分含量分别为13.84%、14.73%和15.94%,其中EPU-1组含量最低,与EPU-3组具有显著差异(P<0.05)。综上,不同超滤组分的沙蚕酶解产物基本营养成分存在一定差异,对其生物活性可能造成一定影响。
不同质量浓度的双齿围沙蚕超滤组分对羟自由基清除率如图1所示,三种沙蚕超滤组分均有一定清除羟自由基能力,且与质量浓度存在剂量关系,随着浓度增加,三种超滤组分羟自由基清除率呈上升趋势。EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3的IC50值分别为5.64±0.11、6.21±0.01、7.02±0.01 mg/mL,EPU-1羟自由基清除能力极显著高于EPU-2和EPU-3(P<0.0001)。
如图2所示,三种沙蚕超滤组分的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力随着质量浓度的加大而增强,存在剂量关系,且EPU-1清除率最高,EPU-3最低。EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3的IC50值分别为1.45±0.05、2.30±0.11、3.14±0.09 mg/mL,EPU-1超氧阴离子清除能力极显著高于EPU-2和EPU-3(P<0.0001)。
过氧化氢作为细胞内常见的活性氧,过量的活性氧诱导会导致生物体细胞的结构及分子功能发生氧化损伤[20]。本研究测定过氧化氢诱导的急性氧化应激下,不同浓度的沙蚕超滤组分对线虫寿命的影响。如表3低剂量组、图3A所示,浓度为1 mg/mL时,对照组线虫平均寿命为2.41±0.04 h,与对照组相比(以对照组的平均寿命为100%),EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3组的平均寿命分别延长了6.6%、3.7%和2.9%,生存曲线无明显右移,均无显著性差异(P>0.05);如表3中剂量组、图3B所示,浓度为4 mg/mL时,对照组线虫平均寿命为2.57±0.03 h,与对照组相比(以对照组的平均寿命为100%),EPU-1处理组线虫平均寿命显著延长了22.9%(P<0.05),生存曲线明显右移,EPU-2和EPU-3组在一定程度上延长了线虫平均寿命,但无显著变化(P>0.05);如表3高剂量组、图3C所示,浓度为8 mg/mL时,对照组线虫平均寿命为2.53±0.03 h,与对照组相比(以对照组的平均寿命为100%),EPU-1组平均寿命显著延长了13.4%(P<0.05),生存曲线明显右移,但EPU-2和EPU-3组仍无显著变化(P>0.05)。综上,EPU-1具有较好的自由基清除能力,可以通过清除体内自由基,减轻自由基对机体损伤,提高线虫抗氧化应激能力,从而延缓衰老。
35 ℃高温致线虫代谢紊乱,活性氧累积引发细胞组织损伤,从而缩短其寿命。如图4A所示,热应激处理后,对照组存活率为55.83%,浓度为1 mg/mL的EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3处理组的线虫存活率分别为66.67%、60.83%、56.67%,与对照组相比,EPU-1组显著提高了10.84%(P<0.01),EPU-2、EPU-3组分别提高了5.00%、0.84%但无显著性差异(P>0.05);如图4B所示,浓度为4 mg/mL的EPU-1、EPU-2处理组的线虫存活率分别极显著提高了23.33%(P<0.0001)和显著提高了13.33%(P<0.01),而EPU-3组提高了5.83%(P>0.05),EPU-1组效果最好;如图4C所示,浓度为8 mg/mL的EPU-1、EPU-2处理组的线虫存活率分别高显著提高了15.00%(P<0.001)和提高了9.17%(P<0.05),EPU-3组提高了3.33%(P>0.05)。结果表明,EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3能一定程度上提高受热应激后线虫的存活率,EPU-1的作用更强。综上所述,沙蚕超滤组分对线虫热应激损伤有保护作用,能提高线虫抗热应激能力。
寿命的长短是衡量线虫衰老最重要的指标[21]。如表4所示,正常培养条件下,对照组线虫平均寿命为11.49±0.56 d,用不同浓度(1、4、8 mg/mL)EPU-1组分处理后,与对照组相比(以对照组的平均寿命为100%),线虫平均寿命分别延长了8.4%、13.9%、7.3%,其中浓度为4 mg/mL时效果显著(P<0.05),使线虫最长寿命从18 d延长至22 d,而不同剂量浓度的EPU-2和EPU-3组虽然均有一定程度地延长线虫寿命,但是不呈显著差异(P>0.05)。如图5所示,与对照组相比,3种沙蚕超滤组分在不同浓度下均能延长线虫平均寿命,生存曲线右移。综上,沙蚕超滤组分能延长线虫寿命,其中质量浓度为4 mg/mL时EPU-1的作用最佳。
线虫的运动能力能直观地反映线虫神经系统衰老的程度以及状态[22]。本研究以线虫在M9缓冲液中每10 s的头尾摆动次数为生理指标,探讨沙蚕超滤组分对线虫运动能力的影响。实验结果表明,在第3、6、9 d,对照组线虫运动次数分别为14.82次、7.87次和2.33次,随着时间的推移,线虫头尾摆动次数减少(P<0.05)。如图6A所示,沙蚕超滤组分处理3 d后,与对照组相比,线虫运动能力相近,无显著差异(P>0.05);如图6B、C所示,随着时间的增加,在第6 d和第9 d时,对照组线虫运动次数减少,而与对照组相比,三种沙蚕超滤组分处理的线虫均能增加头尾摆动次数,且浓度为4 mg/mL时,EPU-1组第6 d运动次数为11.47次,与对照组相比显著增加了3.60次(P<0.001),第9 d为8.20次,与对照组相比极显著增加5.87次(P<0.0001)。综上,3种沙蚕超滤组分能够延缓线虫神经系统的衰老,从而提高衰老线虫运动能力。
生殖能力是许多生物体衰老的关键指标,衰老导致线虫产卵期缩短,产卵量显著降低[23]。为了探究沙蚕超滤组分延长线虫寿命时对其繁殖能力的影响,对线虫产卵总量进行统计。如图7所示,对照组产卵总数为147.67个,与对照组相比,样品浓度为1、8 mg/mL时,线虫产卵量有所增加,但是没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但样品浓度为4 mg/mL时,EPU-1组线虫的产卵数为178.17个,比对照组显著增加了20.65%(P<0.05)。综上,沙蚕超滤组分在延长线虫寿命的同时不会导致线虫繁殖能力下降,且当样品浓度为4 mg/mL时,EPU-1能显著促进线虫繁殖。
脂褐素又称为“年龄斑块”,是线虫衰老的标志物[24]。本研究分析线虫体内脂褐素积累情况,旨在探究沙蚕超滤组分对线虫的延缓衰老作用。如图8、图9所示,与对照组相比,不同浓度的EPU-1、EPU-2和EPU-3均能极显著降低线虫体内脂褐素的积累(P<0.0001);低剂量和高剂量浓度的EPU-1线虫平均荧光强度极显著小于EPU-3组(P<0.0001),与EPU-2组没有显著性差异(P>0.05),而剂量浓度为4 mg/mL时,EPU-1、EPU-2和EPU-3线虫相对平均荧光强度分别为18.67%±6.48%、44.85%±10.20%和83.43%±6.04%,EPU-1降低线虫脂褐素积累的作用极显著优于EPU-2和EPU-3(P<0.0001)。综上,3种沙蚕超滤组分均能降低线虫体内脂褐素的积累,且EPU-1的作用最显著。
胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)信号传导(IIS)通路是影响线虫寿命的典型信号通路之一,具有高度保守性,调节动物的许多过程和性状,包括生长发育、能量代谢、繁殖和抗应激性等[25]。下调胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)信号传导(IIS)通路是一个已知的延长寿命的干预措施[26]。秀丽隐杆线虫的长寿与daf-16表达水平增加和daf-2表达水平降低有关。daf-2的错义突变使秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命增加一倍,这是衰老研究领域最重要的开创性发现之一。daf-2是IIS通路的生长因子受体,在线虫生长和代谢中起主要作用。daf-2能下调线虫代谢活性,降低daf-2的表达,使下游激酶级联反应的活性降低,同时激活了转录因子daf-16,从而延长寿命,秀丽隐杆线虫的daf-16基因为FOXO同源物,是IIS通路的核心转录靶点,在调节寿命、应激、繁殖等生物过程发挥积极作用,提高其表达量能延长线虫寿命[27]。age-1是线虫中经典的长寿基因之一,编码磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)的催化亚基,PI3K是胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子(IIS)信号通路的关键组成部分,该通路对代谢、生长和寿命具有重要调控作用;skn-1是秀丽隐杆线虫中的一个关键转录因子,是哺乳动物中Nrf2蛋白的功能同源物,在应激反应和代谢稳态方面起着重要的调控作用[28,29]。
为了初步了解沙蚕酶解产物延长线虫寿命的作用机制,本研究对3种超滤组分中具有显著延长寿命及提高抗应激能力的EPU-1作进一步的探究实验,测定EPU-1干预后的线虫衰老基因的表达。实验结果如图10所示,经EPU-1干预后,与对照组相比,daf-2和age-1的mRNA表达水平显著降低(图10A、B),分别降低了20.99%(P<0.01)和18.43%(P<0.01),而daf-16和skn-1的mRNA表达水平显著提高(图10C、D),分别提高了27.38%(P<0.01)和22.53%(P<0.05)。综上,EPU-1通过下调基因daf-2、age-1以及上调基因daf-16、skn-1来干预线虫的生长发育、能量代谢、抗应激能力等,从而延长线虫的寿命。
多肽的分子量、疏水性、氨基酸组成和肽序列等结构特征与其抗氧化活性密切相关。食源性抗氧化肽分子量主要分布于500至1800 Da之间,现有研究表明,低分子量肽段与较高分子量肽段相比,通常表现出更强的抗氧化活性[30]。疏水性是肽抗氧化活性的重要决定因素,Ala、Leu、Ile、Val等疏水残基的存在使抗氧化肽能够与脂溶性自由基相互作用,以更好地发挥清除自由基的作用[31]。芳香族氨基酸对肽的抗氧化活性也有重要影响,Trp、Tyr、Phe的氨基酸残基向缺电子的自由基提供氢质子来清除自由基[32]。氨基酸组成和肽序列也会影响肽的抗氧化活性,抗氧化肽序列中通常富含Pro、His、Tyr、Trp、Met和Cys,且通常在N端含有疏水残基[33]。实验结果表明,三种沙蚕超滤组分富含蛋白质,且蛋白质含量均最高,其中EPU-1、EPU-2多肽含量较高,分别为44.20%、40.41%,分别占总蛋白含量的73%和69%,而EPU-3组分的多肽含量仅为4.60%,这是由于大部分小分子肽通过8 kDa超滤膜组成组分EPU-1和EPU-2,而部分小分子肽残留,与大分子蛋白和肽段共同组成组分EPU-3,因此推测沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分主要生物活性物质可能是多肽。课题组前期研究发现,EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3的疏水氨基酸含量较高,各占总氨基酸的40.94%、39.58%、38.33%,支链氨基酸(Leu、Ile、Val)总量各占19.63%、18.75%、18.29%,酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸两种芳香族氨基酸各占4.37%、4.05%、3.86%和6.73%、6.60%、6.25%[15],因此,EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3可能具有潜在的抗氧化活性。综上,三种沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分主要成分为蛋白质,EPU-1、EPU-2多肽含量较高,均富含疏水性氨基酸以及芳香族氨基酸,具有较强的潜在抗氧化活性。
ROS活性氧物质包括超氧阴离子(O2−)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、羟自由基(·OH)等,过量的氧化ROS会对细胞造成损伤,而抗氧化肽可以通过提供氢原子或使电子与自由基发生反应直接清除ROS[34]。ROS的清除率能直观地反映生物活性物质的抗氧化能力。因此,本研究以羟自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力为指标,探究三种沙蚕超滤组分的体外抗氧化作用。王倩倩等[35]研究发现,低水解度海参肽SCP-L和高水解度海参肽SCP-H的羟自由基半数清除率分别为11.58 mg/mL和9.89 mg/mL,具有较好的羟自由基清除能力,且分子量更小的SCP-H清除能力比SCP-L强。王怡菊等[36]研究发现,南极磷虾酶解液>10、5~10、<5 kDa三个超滤组分具有较好的抗氧化能力,其中分子量<5 kDa组分的抗氧化效果最好,浓度为10 mg/mL时,其羟自由基、超氧阴离子清除率分别为91.36%和61.92%。与王倩倩等[35]、王怡菊等[36]研究结果相似,EPU-1、EPU-2、EPU-3均具有较好的羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力,且分子量更小的EPU-1自由基清除能力最强,羟自由基、超氧阴离子清除率IC50值分别为5.64±0.11和1.45±0.05 mg/mL,其次为EPU-2和EPU-3。3种组分的体外抗氧化能力差异,是由于经过超滤初步分离后,具有较强抗氧化活性的小分子活性肽主要截留在组分EPU-1中,使组分EPU-1的抗氧化活性更强。综上所述,双齿围沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分具有较强的抗氧化能力,且分子量越小,其抗氧化活性越强,因此,发挥抗氧化作用的活性物质可能为沙蚕多肽。
秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命与其抗应激能力具有很强的正相关性,抗应激能力的提高会延长线虫的寿命[37]。H2O2是生物体内产生的主要活性氧(ROS)之一,作为氧化应激的诱导剂,过氧化氢能穿透细胞膜,在线虫体内产生活性极强的羟基自由基(·OH),这些自由基会攻击并损伤各种生物大分子,使线虫寿命缩短[38]。热应激是一种广泛使用的环境胁迫模型,当线虫持续受到热应激损伤时,会导致线粒体电子传递链功能紊乱,ROS过量产生,加剧氧化损伤,破坏蛋白质稳态,导致线虫寿命缩短[39]。Wu等[40]研究海参肽对线虫在应激状态下的保护作用,发现海参肽能增强线虫体内抗氧化能力,显著提高线虫在应激条件下的寿命,缓解了线虫体内的氧化损伤,相关抗衰老基因表达量也有所上调。Zhou等[41]研究发现,贻贝肽可显著增加秀丽隐杆线虫抗氧化应激能力并延长其寿命,并可通过调节daf-2和daf-16的表达水平来延缓线虫衰老。经过沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分干预后的线虫受到过氧化氢的刺激后,生存曲线出现不同程度的右移,其中EPU-1可显著延长线虫平均寿命(P<0.05),表明EPU-1能缓解线虫急性氧化应激损伤,并可能通过清除体内自由基,提高抗氧化应激能力来发挥作用。经过沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分干预后,线虫在热应激条件下存活率显著提高(P<0.05),且EPU-1组存活率最高,表明沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分可能通过抑制热诱导的ROS过量产生,调节胰岛素通路中高温应激的核心转录因子HSF-1[42],提高线虫抗热应激能力。
线虫抗氧化能力与其衰老进程密切相关,是线虫延缓衰老的关键因素之一。寿命是衰老的直观表现,减轻累积性氧化损伤有助于延缓细胞衰老,延长寿命[43];神经肌肉系统氧化损伤是运动衰退的原因之一,抗氧化能力的提高能够减少神经系统损伤,维持运动能力[44];脂褐素由氧化损伤的生物大分子交联聚合形成,其自发荧光强弱直接反映衰老程度,是衰老的重要指标之一[45]。本研究结果表明,经沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分干预后,线虫的运动能力及产卵均显著提高,并减少了脂褐素在体内的积累,表明沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分能有效减轻线虫神经肌肉系统氧化损伤、提高机体抗氧化能力减少脂褐素的积累、延缓机体衰老从而提高线虫的繁殖能力。
胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)信号传导(IIS)通路是影响线虫寿命的典型信号通路之一,具有高度保守性,调节动物的许多过程和性状,包括生长发育、能量代谢、繁殖和抗应激性等。在胰岛素信号通路中,胰岛素样配体与daf-2受体结合后,激活PI3K同源物age-1的活性,促使3,4,5-三磷酸磷脂酰肌醇(PIP3)积累,进而触发丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶AKT的磷酸化级联反应,最终通过磷酸化抑制转录因子daf-16的核定位与功能活性。Lu等[46]研究发现,浓度为200 μmol/L的毛蕊异黄酮调节胰岛素通路抗衰老基因daf-2、age-1、daf-16,使线虫寿命显著延长21.42%,q-PCR结果显示,毛蕊异黄酮能够激活转录因子daf-16,上调其下游基因hsp-16.2、sod-3和ctl-1的表达水平,提高抗应激能力。实验结果表明,EPU-1抑制了daf-2、age-1的表达,从而降低AKT蛋白激酶的活性,这一过程激活了daf-16的表达,从而延长了寿命;skn-1通过daf-2调节氧化应激反应,直接受到IIS信号通路下游AKT-1激酶的调节,经EPU-1干预后的线虫skn-1明显上调,表明EPU-1激活了skn-1,使线虫抗氧化应激能力提高,同时,daf-16的激活可能间接激活了其下游抗氧化基因的表达,从而提高了线虫的抗氧化能力,这与EPU-1干预后线虫受到H2O2及热应激处理后线虫寿命显著性延长的结果相对应;skn-1作为抗氧化反应的主要调控因子,能减少自由基对细胞的氧化损伤,抑制了脂褐素的形成,而daf-16被激活后,不仅能提高抗氧化能力,还能上调自噬,可清除部分已成型的脂褐素,说明EPU-1通过上调daf-16、skn-1的表达,提高机体的抗氧化能力,减少线虫体内脂褐素的积累;线虫运动能力的维持依赖于健康的神经细胞和肌肉细胞,经过EPU-1处理后线虫运动能力有所提高,可能是由于EPU-1激活了基因daf-16,通过增强抗应激能力,调节代谢提高能量利用率等机制减缓了肌肉细胞的损伤,延缓了神经系统的衰老,从而提高了运动能力。
3种沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分的基本营养成分存在一定的差异性,且沙蚕多肽组分EPU-1具有良好的体外抗氧化活性,能显著提高线虫体内抗应激能力,延长平均寿命,提高运动能力,增加产卵量,降低脂褐素积累,并通过调控胰岛素信号通路基因daf-2、age-1、daf-16和氧化应激调控因子skn-1的表达,有效延长线虫的寿命。后续将对沙蚕酶解产物超滤组分EPU-1进行多肽鉴定进一步筛选活性肽,开展延缓衰老功能评价,多层次深入研究其延缓衰老作用机制。总之,EPU-1作为一种天然来源的活性多肽,具有良好的抗氧化活性,对增强机体抗氧化能力以及延缓衰老有一定的积极作用,具有广阔的开发潜力,本研究为双齿围沙蚕在延缓衰老功能产品的开发与应用提供一定理论基础。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100191
  • 接收时间:2025-10-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-22
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    广东海洋大学 食品科技学院,国家贝类加工技术研发分中心(湛江),广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东省海洋生物制品工程实验室,广东省海洋食品工程技术研究中心,广东省水产预制食品加工与品质控制工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524088

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朱国萍(1977−),女,博士,高级实验师,研究方向:海洋活性物质研究、食品加工与安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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