Article(id=1320880633191191201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040353, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852083728, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852083728, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852083728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852083728, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=263, endPage=273, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880633811948194, articleId=1320880633191191201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Determination of 30 Pesticide Residues in 5 Kinds of Ginseng Health Food Ingredients by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) Based on Modified QuEChERS-Novel Porous Organic Polymers, columnId=1320880262846722580, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Modern Analysis and Intelligent Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the pesticide residues in ginseng health food ingredients, an analysis method for determination of 30 pesticide residues in Korean Red Ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, Scrophularia radix, Radix Codonopsis, and Pseudostellaria radix was established by combining the modified QuEChERS-novel porous organic polymers (POPs) purification with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were soaked in 1% ice acetic acid and extracted by acetonitrile, then purified by QuEChERS method without graphitized of carbon black. The purificated solutions were adsorbed and desorbed by novel porous organic polymers, concentrated by nitrogen stream and dissolved in 1 mL acetonitrile solution (volume ratio 6+4). The filtrates were separated by the Phenomenx Kinetex C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm) chromatography column, using gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate-acetonitrile, determined by electrospray ionization, in positive ion switching dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode, and quantified by the internal standard method. The results showed that the adsorption rate of 10 mg POPs materials self-made by the chemical method for 30 kinds of pesticides could reach more than 95%, and the desorption capacity reached 99% when eluted with acetonitrile-toluene (volume ratio 3+1) solution. The recoveries of 30 kinds of pesticides were increased to 5%~40% by modified QuEChERS-novel porous organic polymers purification. Method validation revealed that all 30 pesticides had good linearities in the range of 0.05~100 µg/kg, with correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.990, and limits of detection (LOD, S/N=3) were 0.05~5.0 µg/kg. The average recoveries of 5 kinds of ginseng health food ingredients were ranged from 86.4% to 113.1%, with relative standard deviations (RSD, n=6) of 0.36%~8.74% at low, medium and high addition levels. While the limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N=10) were 0.10~15.0 µg/kg. This method has high recovery and high sensitivity, also can solve the issues of low pesticide recovery and strong matrix interference in ginseng health food ingredients by conventional QuEChERS pretreatment.

, authors=Suoyin YU1, *, Jia LIANG2, *, Yueyang YU3, authorsList=Suoyin YU, Jia LIANG, Yueyang YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Suoyin YU, Jia LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880635959431845, articleId=1320880633191191201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于改良QuEChERS-新型超交联聚合物净化的超高效液相-串联四级杆质谱联用法测定5种参类保健食品原料中30种农药残留, columnId=1320880262997717526, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=现代分析与智能检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究参类保健食品原料中农药残留污染现状,建立了改良QuEChERS-新型超交联聚合物(porous organic polymers,POPs)联用净化,超高效液相-串联四级杆质谱测定高丽红参、丹参、玄参、党参和太子参中30种农药残留量分析方法。样品经1%冰乙酸浸润、乙腈提取,QuEChERS(不含石墨化碳黑)净化液经新型超交联聚合物吸附、解吸处理、解吸液浓缩后用1 mL乙腈+水(体积比6+4)定容。滤液经Phenomenx Kinetex C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm)分离,0.1%甲酸(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵)-乙腈梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子化、正离子扫描和动态多反应监测模式测定,内标法定量。结果表明:化学法自制的10 mg POPs材料对30种农药吸附率可达95%以上,用乙腈+甲苯(体积比3+1)洗脱解吸率达99%、改良QuEChERS-新型超交联聚合物联用净化法使30种农药回收率均提升了5%~40%。30种农药在0.05~100 µg/kg范围内均有较好的线性关系(r>0.990),检出限(limits of detection,LOD,S/N=3)为0.05~5.0 µg/kg。5种参类保健食品原料在低、中、高三水平下的平均回收率为86.4%~113.1%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSD,n=6)为0.36%~8.74%,方法定量限(limits of quantification detection,LOQ,S/N=10)为0.10~15.0 µg/kg。本方法回收率高、灵敏度高,能够解决传统QuEChERS前处理对参类保健食品原料中农药回收率低、基质干扰强的问题。

, authors=俞所银1, *, 梁佳2, *, 俞跃洋3, authorsList=俞所银, 梁佳, 俞跃洋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=俞所银, 梁佳, authorNote=

俞所银(1986−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品药品化妆品质量检测与分析,E-mail:

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俞所银(1986−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品药品化妆品质量检测与分析,E-mail:。
梁佳(1984−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品精深加工,E-mail:。
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Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880636198507174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880636206895783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, companyId=1320880636198507174, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880636215284392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, companyId=1320880636198507174, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1上海市质量监督检验技术研究院有限公司,上海 200233)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880636290781865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880636299170474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, companyId=1320880636290781865, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880636307559083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, companyId=1320880636290781865, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院,浙江舟山 316022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880636374667948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880636383056557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, companyId=1320880636374667948, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880636391445166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, companyId=1320880636374667948, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏句容 212400)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880637943337670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of POPs material usage on the adsorption of 30 kinds of pesticide resticides in Korean Red Ginseng, figureFileSmall=RVMrXigRmY6e4VUbu+e43Q==, figureFileBig=dlc4KkkKhhgnsiVnWkgyNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880638014640839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=CN, label=图1, caption=POPs材料用量对高丽红参30种农药吸附量影响, figureFileSmall=RVMrXigRmY6e4VUbu+e43Q==, figureFileBig=dlc4KkkKhhgnsiVnWkgyNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880638215967432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

ESI+-MS/MS conditions for mass spectrometry parameters of 30 pesticide residues

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号农药保留时间(min)母离子(m/z)子离子(m/z)去簇电压(V)碰撞能量(eV)
1甲基硫环磷2.18228.0168.1*,108.910019,35
2内吸磷4.95259.189.0*,60.94330,33
3蝇毒磷7.84363.0227.0*,307.010036,25
4灭线磷6.24243.0131.0*,97.05129,41
5苯线磷6.11304.2217.1*,202.07731,45
6苯线磷砜3.67336.0266.1*,188.360,8528,38
7苯线磷亚砜2.71320.1233.0*,292.16034,21
8水胺硫磷5.41312.0270.2*,236.26723,22
9甲拌磷7.98261.175.0*,47.051,4721,46
10甲拌磷砜5.36293.0247.1*,115.16012,33
11甲拌磷亚砜4.24277.097.1*,171.16044,16
12胺苯磺隆4.21411.1196.1*,168.14923,35
13硫线磷7.66271.0159.0*,97.06519,51
14克百威3.78222.1165.0*,123.17017,29
153-羟基克百威1.61238.0181.0*,163.06514,20
16地虫硫磷7.83247.0137.1*,109.160,5015,25
17氯唑磷7.08314.0162.0*,120.07022,40
18氯磺隆4.02358.0141.0*,167.05123,25
19硫环磷2.19256.2140.0*,168.080,6532,22
20甲磺隆3.64382.0167.0*,199.03621,27
21涕灭威2.78208.1116.2*,89.22212,25
22涕灭威砜1.21223.0148.0*,86.06312,20
23涕灭威亚砜1.04207.0132.0*,89.05110,20
24磷胺2.75300.0174.0*,126.97020,28
25甲基异柳磷7.74332.0231.0*,273.04020,9
26甲胺磷1.00142.094.0*,79.04619,28
27特丁硫磷砜6.28321.0171.0*,265.050,8518,12
28特丁硫磷亚砜5.39305.0,187.0187.0*,159.052,7517,13
29久效磷1.16224.1127.0*,98.07121,17
30杀虫脒1.30197.1117.1*,89.07539,61
31氘代莠去津a4.25221.0178.8*,101.13513
), ArticleFig(id=1320880638283076297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

30种农残测定的ESI+-MS/MS质谱参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号农药保留时间(min)母离子(m/z)子离子(m/z)去簇电压(V)碰撞能量(eV)
1甲基硫环磷2.18228.0168.1*,108.910019,35
2内吸磷4.95259.189.0*,60.94330,33
3蝇毒磷7.84363.0227.0*,307.010036,25
4灭线磷6.24243.0131.0*,97.05129,41
5苯线磷6.11304.2217.1*,202.07731,45
6苯线磷砜3.67336.0266.1*,188.360,8528,38
7苯线磷亚砜2.71320.1233.0*,292.16034,21
8水胺硫磷5.41312.0270.2*,236.26723,22
9甲拌磷7.98261.175.0*,47.051,4721,46
10甲拌磷砜5.36293.0247.1*,115.16012,33
11甲拌磷亚砜4.24277.097.1*,171.16044,16
12胺苯磺隆4.21411.1196.1*,168.14923,35
13硫线磷7.66271.0159.0*,97.06519,51
14克百威3.78222.1165.0*,123.17017,29
153-羟基克百威1.61238.0181.0*,163.06514,20
16地虫硫磷7.83247.0137.1*,109.160,5015,25
17氯唑磷7.08314.0162.0*,120.07022,40
18氯磺隆4.02358.0141.0*,167.05123,25
19硫环磷2.19256.2140.0*,168.080,6532,22
20甲磺隆3.64382.0167.0*,199.03621,27
21涕灭威2.78208.1116.2*,89.22212,25
22涕灭威砜1.21223.0148.0*,86.06312,20
23涕灭威亚砜1.04207.0132.0*,89.05110,20
24磷胺2.75300.0174.0*,126.97020,28
25甲基异柳磷7.74332.0231.0*,273.04020,9
26甲胺磷1.00142.094.0*,79.04619,28
27特丁硫磷砜6.28321.0171.0*,265.050,8518,12
28特丁硫磷亚砜5.39305.0,187.0187.0*,159.052,7517,13
29久效磷1.16224.1127.0*,98.07121,17
30杀虫脒1.30197.1117.1*,89.07539,61
31氘代莠去津a4.25221.0178.8*,101.13513
), ArticleFig(id=1320880638379545290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Desorption rates of 30 pesticide residues in Korean red ginseng using different types of desorption solvents (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
解吸溶剂解吸率(%)
均值标准差
乙腈85.126.31
含1%磷酸的乙腈30.0620.04
乙腈+甲苯(3+1)99.024.55
甲醇79.259.20
含1%氨水的甲醇23.1019.27
), ArticleFig(id=1320880638442459851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同解吸溶剂对高丽红参中30种农药的解吸率(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
解吸溶剂解吸率(%)
均值标准差
乙腈85.126.31
含1%磷酸的乙腈30.0620.04
乙腈+甲苯(3+1)99.024.55
甲醇79.259.20
含1%氨水的甲醇23.1019.27
), ArticleFig(id=1320880638501180108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Recoveries rate of 30 kinds of pesticide residues in Korean Red Ginseng with different sorbents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药QuEChERS改良QuEChERS(不含GCB)POPs材料QuEChERS(不含GCB)+POPs
平均回收率(%)RSD(%)平均回收率(%)RSD(%)平均回收率(%)RSD(%)平均回收率(%)RSD(%)
甲基硫环磷81.72.3685.81.4567.21.6698.01.62
内吸磷84.84.1992.62.8860.24.8294.14.56
蝇毒磷88.61.7693.83.4967.61.8998.32.84
灭线磷89.52.1593.85.0858.72.2997.32.78
苯线磷91.50.744100.83.1272.62.66100.72.61
苯线磷砜80.11.6384.14.1065.87.5296.91.48
苯线磷亚砜87.93.1088.28.0758.24.6796.56.44
水胺硫磷77.66.2878.63.6450.65.0792.23.06
甲拌磷81.62.5586.93.5756.63.4198.51.56
甲拌磷砜81.50.58081.82.9443.05.8496.52.51
甲拌磷亚砜69.65.2574.25.7236.415.092.11.45
胺苯磺隆82.82.9985.31.9041.015.193.14.24
硫线磷75.42.8180.11.2765.87.9191.62.46
克百威88.62.9992.13.2669.67.7896.13.25
3-羟基克百威95.33.15100.75.6484.44.69107.55.22
地虫硫磷90.63.0997.12.5574.85.05101.93.25
氯唑磷93.22.5491.72.3864.69.21102.25.73
氯磺隆64.57.1697.14.6459.56.1098.31.02
硫环磷81.14.2485.04.5964.49.68105.39.60
甲磺隆91.52.7590.21.7171.84.8994.54.68
涕灭威92.32.3693.21.7882.23.5794.82.13
涕灭威砜84.36.7899.65.7270.63.6491.71.36
涕灭威亚砜91.31.4999.62.3180.01.3994.33.87
磷胺85.33.5887.32.0175.35.5296.32.65
甲基异柳磷86.44.4391.02.8966.76.7797.41.93
甲胺磷74.74.9083.82.4245.37.9797.64.38
特丁硫磷砜80.61.5184.43.4856.58.4793.82.23
特丁硫磷亚砜80.11.1980.93.3262.59.7093.61.27
久效磷81.01.6485.02.8372.84.2195.43.62
杀虫脒84.32.4784.71.3755.64.6794.52.08
), ArticleFig(id=1320880638585066189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同净化材料对高丽红参净化后30种农药的回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药QuEChERS改良QuEChERS(不含GCB)POPs材料QuEChERS(不含GCB)+POPs
平均回收率(%)RSD(%)平均回收率(%)RSD(%)平均回收率(%)RSD(%)平均回收率(%)RSD(%)
甲基硫环磷81.72.3685.81.4567.21.6698.01.62
内吸磷84.84.1992.62.8860.24.8294.14.56
蝇毒磷88.61.7693.83.4967.61.8998.32.84
灭线磷89.52.1593.85.0858.72.2997.32.78
苯线磷91.50.744100.83.1272.62.66100.72.61
苯线磷砜80.11.6384.14.1065.87.5296.91.48
苯线磷亚砜87.93.1088.28.0758.24.6796.56.44
水胺硫磷77.66.2878.63.6450.65.0792.23.06
甲拌磷81.62.5586.93.5756.63.4198.51.56
甲拌磷砜81.50.58081.82.9443.05.8496.52.51
甲拌磷亚砜69.65.2574.25.7236.415.092.11.45
胺苯磺隆82.82.9985.31.9041.015.193.14.24
硫线磷75.42.8180.11.2765.87.9191.62.46
克百威88.62.9992.13.2669.67.7896.13.25
3-羟基克百威95.33.15100.75.6484.44.69107.55.22
地虫硫磷90.63.0997.12.5574.85.05101.93.25
氯唑磷93.22.5491.72.3864.69.21102.25.73
氯磺隆64.57.1697.14.6459.56.1098.31.02
硫环磷81.14.2485.04.5964.49.68105.39.60
甲磺隆91.52.7590.21.7171.84.8994.54.68
涕灭威92.32.3693.21.7882.23.5794.82.13
涕灭威砜84.36.7899.65.7270.63.6491.71.36
涕灭威亚砜91.31.4999.62.3180.01.3994.33.87
磷胺85.33.5887.32.0175.35.5296.32.65
甲基异柳磷86.44.4391.02.8966.76.7797.41.93
甲胺磷74.74.9083.82.4245.37.9797.64.38
特丁硫磷砜80.61.5184.43.4856.58.4793.82.23
特丁硫磷亚砜80.11.1980.93.3262.59.7093.61.27
久效磷81.01.6485.02.8372.84.2195.43.62
杀虫脒84.32.4784.71.3755.64.6794.52.08
), ArticleFig(id=1320880638677340878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Linear ranges, regression equations, correlation coefficients, LOD, LOQ and residue limiys (MRL) of 30 pesticides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号农药线性范围
(µg/L)
回归方程决定系数
(r2)
检出限LOD
(µg/kg)
定量限LOQ
(µg/kg)
最大残留量MRL
(µg/kg)
1甲基硫环磷0.05~100y=3.67E-01x+6.99E-030.99900.100.3020
2内吸磷0.05~100y=4.80E-03x+2.02E-040.99885.01520
3蝇毒磷0.05~100y=1.12E-01x+7.27E-040.99930. 501.550
4灭线磷0.05~100y=1.21E-01x+4.49E-030.99970.100.3020
5苯线磷0.05~100y=3.45E-01x+4.22E-030.99920.0250.10苯线磷及其氧类似物(砜、亚砜)之和小于20
6苯线磷砜0.05~100y=1.10E-01x+9.92E-030.99950.201.0
7苯线磷亚砜0.05~100y=9.28E-02x+1.07E-030.99970.100.30
8水胺硫磷0.05~100y=4.72E-03x+3.46E-040.99814.01550
9甲拌磷0.05~100y=5.02E-03x+4.78E-040.99830.251.0甲拌磷及其氧类似物(砜、亚砜)之和小于20
10甲拌磷砜0.05~100y=1.25E-02x+2.28E-030.99900.501.5
11甲拌磷亚砜0.05~100y=8.12E-02x+5.20E-030.99920.201.0
12胺苯磺隆0.05~100y=2.45E-01x+5.06E-030.99820.0150.1050
13硫线磷0.05~100y=2.25E-01x+4.77E-030.99960.0500.1520
14克百威0.05~100y=6.11E-01x+7.05E-020.99950.0200.10克百威及3-羟基克百威之和小于50
153-羟基克百威0.05~100y=8.24E-02x+5.14E-030.99930.201.0
16地虫硫磷0.05~100y=2.03E-02x+5.27E-040.99940.501.520
17氯唑磷0.05~100y=9.02E-02x+2.19E-030.99970.301.010
18氯磺隆0.05~100y=6.66E-02x+4.20E-040.99920.0750.5050
19硫环磷0.05~100y=3.02E-01x+1.21E-020.99980.0500.1530
20甲磺隆0.05~100y=1.56E-01x+1.77E-030.99990.0300.1050
21涕灭威0.05~100y=1.98E-02x+2.50E-040.99900.201.0涕灭威及其氧类似物(砜、亚砜)之和小于10
22涕灭威砜0.05~100y=4.13E-02x+2.04E-030.99950.401.5
23涕灭威亚砜0.05~100y=7.09E-02x+3.02E-030.99920.501.5
24磷胺0.05~100y=4.82E-01x+8.08E-030.99950.0400.1550
25甲基异柳磷0.05~100y=8.51E-02x+2.17E-030.99960.251.020
26甲胺磷0.05~100y=1.32E-01x+8.52E-030.99960.501.550
27特丁硫磷砜0.05~100y=4.58E-02x+2.23E-030.99920.201.020
28特丁硫磷亚砜0.05~100y=1.85E-01x+1.24E-030.99980.080.3020
29久效磷0.05~100y=1.37E-01x+4.83E-030.99970.100.3030
30杀虫脒0.05~100y=5.75E-02x+9.12E-040.99850.501.520
), ArticleFig(id=1320880639860134607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

30种农药的线性范围、回归方程、相关系数、检出限、定量限和最大残留限量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号农药线性范围
(µg/L)
回归方程决定系数
(r2)
检出限LOD
(µg/kg)
定量限LOQ
(µg/kg)
最大残留量MRL
(µg/kg)
1甲基硫环磷0.05~100y=3.67E-01x+6.99E-030.99900.100.3020
2内吸磷0.05~100y=4.80E-03x+2.02E-040.99885.01520
3蝇毒磷0.05~100y=1.12E-01x+7.27E-040.99930. 501.550
4灭线磷0.05~100y=1.21E-01x+4.49E-030.99970.100.3020
5苯线磷0.05~100y=3.45E-01x+4.22E-030.99920.0250.10苯线磷及其氧类似物(砜、亚砜)之和小于20
6苯线磷砜0.05~100y=1.10E-01x+9.92E-030.99950.201.0
7苯线磷亚砜0.05~100y=9.28E-02x+1.07E-030.99970.100.30
8水胺硫磷0.05~100y=4.72E-03x+3.46E-040.99814.01550
9甲拌磷0.05~100y=5.02E-03x+4.78E-040.99830.251.0甲拌磷及其氧类似物(砜、亚砜)之和小于20
10甲拌磷砜0.05~100y=1.25E-02x+2.28E-030.99900.501.5
11甲拌磷亚砜0.05~100y=8.12E-02x+5.20E-030.99920.201.0
12胺苯磺隆0.05~100y=2.45E-01x+5.06E-030.99820.0150.1050
13硫线磷0.05~100y=2.25E-01x+4.77E-030.99960.0500.1520
14克百威0.05~100y=6.11E-01x+7.05E-020.99950.0200.10克百威及3-羟基克百威之和小于50
153-羟基克百威0.05~100y=8.24E-02x+5.14E-030.99930.201.0
16地虫硫磷0.05~100y=2.03E-02x+5.27E-040.99940.501.520
17氯唑磷0.05~100y=9.02E-02x+2.19E-030.99970.301.010
18氯磺隆0.05~100y=6.66E-02x+4.20E-040.99920.0750.5050
19硫环磷0.05~100y=3.02E-01x+1.21E-020.99980.0500.1530
20甲磺隆0.05~100y=1.56E-01x+1.77E-030.99990.0300.1050
21涕灭威0.05~100y=1.98E-02x+2.50E-040.99900.201.0涕灭威及其氧类似物(砜、亚砜)之和小于10
22涕灭威砜0.05~100y=4.13E-02x+2.04E-030.99950.401.5
23涕灭威亚砜0.05~100y=7.09E-02x+3.02E-030.99920.501.5
24磷胺0.05~100y=4.82E-01x+8.08E-030.99950.0400.1550
25甲基异柳磷0.05~100y=8.51E-02x+2.17E-030.99960.251.020
26甲胺磷0.05~100y=1.32E-01x+8.52E-030.99960.501.550
27特丁硫磷砜0.05~100y=4.58E-02x+2.23E-030.99920.201.020
28特丁硫磷亚砜0.05~100y=1.85E-01x+1.24E-030.99980.080.3020
29久效磷0.05~100y=1.37E-01x+4.83E-030.99970.100.3030
30杀虫脒0.05~100y=5.75E-02x+9.12E-040.99850.501.520
), ArticleFig(id=1320880640011129552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880633191191201, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Recoveries rate and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 30 pesticide residues in 5 kinds of ginseng health food ingredients (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药添加水平
(µg/kg)
高丽红参丹参玄参党参太子参
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
甲基硫环磷0.396.81.0699.62.2399.86.8597.76.1097.52.41
0.699.81.7699.13.4795.63.9196.82.39101.22.45
3.097.44.6993.92.7495.74.3897.72.6599.23.89
内吸磷15.090.21.8094.95.1991.52.2197.62.6196.71.65
30.098.71.5595.52.1798.26.16100.91.3999.21.48
150.093.42.67105.04.3394.33.1997.45.1293.73.14
蝇毒磷1.595.81.8293.51.45103.21.5699.62.0096.91.76
3.0101.32.53103.43.94103.33.45101.52.18103.16.85
15.097.74.8998.34.0999.23.5098.44.3297.93.75
灭线磷0.399.93.4095.83.2896.81.53102.83.6898.31.95
0.694.57.1998.04.09101.92.44101.52.52100.42.25
3.097.45.2695.56.6497.94.7098.24.7697.05.47
苯线磷0.1100.23.2290.62.1594.35.8390.55.7494.25.32
0.2103.55.3396.22.1196.94.0398.22.4195.36.01
1.098.37.5290.45.41101.27.71100.82.6697.57.12
苯线磷砜1.095.84.6291.41.8287.61.6590.21.8086.43.98
2.096.33.9999.51.1899.21.4898.71.5591.56.20
10.098.53.6396.31.9593.73.1493.42.67104.43.08
苯线磷亚砜0.392.38.4289.82.4689.35.6791.92.6091.16.79
0.6102.15.92103.32.0594.32.0298.01.2393.46.43
3.097.52.1796.12.7995.13.0496.02.9299.44.75
水胺硫磷15.090.02.2092.94.1390.25.5593.52.3094.84.62
30.091.31.40101.27.0498.86.0199.81.5990.33.99
150.095.42.80104.34.01104.74.8898.22.3998.53.63
甲拌磷1.096.82.3891.32.8390.92.8291.22.8393.45.11
2.098.92.0997.12.7598.32.8596.72.4090.22.00
10.099.81.4790.63.0299.32.6099.22.9899.52.27
甲拌磷砜1.599.32.0195.42.0499.72.1093.22.8896.23.34
3.095.02.7890.62.8598.52.0692.21.7998.31.87
15.095.23.3193.11.54100.31.6699.62.0294.61.22
甲拌磷亚砜1.092.47.2391.04.3793.92.9188.54.3692.02.41
2.093.21.9892.86.0496.51.3596.01.3493.21.34
10.090.63.1898.33.0396.52.7796.42.9497.72.73
胺苯磺隆0.193.18.6290.22.4691.35.6791.92.6090.86.79
0.292.15.9293.32.0594.32.0298.01.2393.46.43
1.097.52.1796.12.7995.13.0496.02.9299.44.75
硫线磷0.1593.07.23102.84.3793.92.9192.34.3692.02.41
0.392.81.98102.86.0496.51.3596.01.3499.21.34
1.5102.63.1898.33.0396.52.7796.42.9497.72.73
克百威0.195.33.0089.52.2896.01.8890.83.80100.72.55
0.293.43.9988.93.3897.12.3597.66.4693.84.65
1.099.51.0491.14.1894.03.0999.23.9894.10.36
3-羟基克百威1.0101.01.85101.12.3198.52.83101.32.5697.21.61
2.0110.43.72100.52.39100.86.0898.93.20107.22.56
10.0111.06.0199.52.2097.32.7599.81.3497.56.88
地虫硫磷1.5102.21.5499.63.1292.50.8496.31.64102.21.07
3.098.41.8799.73.5397.13.93101.01.7498.32.48
15.0105.05.1398.21.7597.13.0499.04.8596.12.94
氯唑磷1.0108.92.91100.82.9995.82.1299.53.66102.53.35
2.098.37.06100.52.76103.85.37101.82.7499.71.49
10.099.31.6996.80.8898.65.72100.50.9096.61.40
氯磺隆0.598.34.7890.64.1596.74.87100.16.6696.84.16
1.096.94.09108.12.3695.25.6897.51.4893.03.94
5.0101.71.4693.41.98102.13.15103.40.88100.43.70
硫环磷0.1593.95.60101.92.19102.83.04104.55.3991.12.53
0.3109.03.3099.91.4999.81.5790.81.7699.91.89
1.5113.16.5094.51.6494.00.8599.52.21102.33.51
甲磺隆0.194.56.5692.84.3793.92.9190.54.3690.54.11
0.293.11.4191.06.0496.51.3596.01.3492.70.95
1.099.52.5398.33.0396.52.7793.42.9495.32.76
涕灭威1.097.07.0798.78.52102.33.82100.72.3596.03.12
2.093.06.7699.21.4891.11.6898.05.6390.22.44
10.094.55.9793.51.9894.00.65100.15.30101.42.34
涕灭威砜1.590.48.3394.07.3393.37.7190.27.4594.56.16
3.092.96.0595.76.7396.47.3296.85.5395.06.47
15.091.75.7697.95.9797.96.38100.84.5693.65.53
涕灭威亚砜1.595.36.8691.55.6194.57.3190.97.0691.16.53
3.090.35.5893.06.6991.45.7293.16.3598.26.45
15.097.45.18101.25.4793.06.1698.75.7194.24.60
磷胺0.1595.57.2994.64.7292.05.0890.65.7490.96.57
0.399.26.2992.35.7493.46.2894.35.1092.26.39
1.594.35.8494.95.2894.65.0097.15.5398.27.06
甲基异柳磷1.097.02.0396.03.3391.52.0799.03.1095.04..09
2.095.71.0594.72.0298.21.88101.02.1197.84.11
10.099.43.1196.11.0696.32.6297.82.0897.02.17
甲胺磷1.595.92.3391.63.1495.33.8390.54.1195.77.78
3.0102.52.2296.41.5897.21.0396.70.9592.53.87
15.094.54.8096.73.6091.46.7195.32.7692.08.03
特丁硫磷砜1.096.23.0294.43.1096.86.7095.38.7493.03.15
2.092.41.9193.81.9697.51.9298.81.9592.41.59
10.092.83.4593.74.7599.33.1899.73.9595.15.14
特丁硫磷亚砜0.393.00.3992.92.0896.95.3695.10.8894.36.13
0.695.01.0297.71.9796.83.7496.32.6398.03.42
3.092.92.0593.23.0594.33.9098.51.0691.53.41
久效磷0.398.95.0896.82.2097.51.3495.13.5296.55.09
0.692.01.9398.50.9996.63.3294.45.0297.21.49
3.095.42.0897.31.4790.21.1795.65.8294.93.38
杀虫脒1.593.44.8697.21.6596.36.3598.14.2196.25.50
3.096.81.3994.63.2395.73.6698.34.02105.02.40
15.093.42.0497.22.6899.22.8593.63.1796.53.17
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5种参类保健食品原料中30种农残量的回收率和准确度(n=6)

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农药添加水平
(µg/kg)
高丽红参丹参玄参党参太子参
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
平均回收率
(%)
RSD
(%)
甲基硫环磷0.396.81.0699.62.2399.86.8597.76.1097.52.41
0.699.81.7699.13.4795.63.9196.82.39101.22.45
3.097.44.6993.92.7495.74.3897.72.6599.23.89
内吸磷15.090.21.8094.95.1991.52.2197.62.6196.71.65
30.098.71.5595.52.1798.26.16100.91.3999.21.48
150.093.42.67105.04.3394.33.1997.45.1293.73.14
蝇毒磷1.595.81.8293.51.45103.21.5699.62.0096.91.76
3.0101.32.53103.43.94103.33.45101.52.18103.16.85
15.097.74.8998.34.0999.23.5098.44.3297.93.75
灭线磷0.399.93.4095.83.2896.81.53102.83.6898.31.95
0.694.57.1998.04.09101.92.44101.52.52100.42.25
3.097.45.2695.56.6497.94.7098.24.7697.05.47
苯线磷0.1100.23.2290.62.1594.35.8390.55.7494.25.32
0.2103.55.3396.22.1196.94.0398.22.4195.36.01
1.098.37.5290.45.41101.27.71100.82.6697.57.12
苯线磷砜1.095.84.6291.41.8287.61.6590.21.8086.43.98
2.096.33.9999.51.1899.21.4898.71.5591.56.20
10.098.53.6396.31.9593.73.1493.42.67104.43.08
苯线磷亚砜0.392.38.4289.82.4689.35.6791.92.6091.16.79
0.6102.15.92103.32.0594.32.0298.01.2393.46.43
3.097.52.1796.12.7995.13.0496.02.9299.44.75
水胺硫磷15.090.02.2092.94.1390.25.5593.52.3094.84.62
30.091.31.40101.27.0498.86.0199.81.5990.33.99
150.095.42.80104.34.01104.74.8898.22.3998.53.63
甲拌磷1.096.82.3891.32.8390.92.8291.22.8393.45.11
2.098.92.0997.12.7598.32.8596.72.4090.22.00
10.099.81.4790.63.0299.32.6099.22.9899.52.27
甲拌磷砜1.599.32.0195.42.0499.72.1093.22.8896.23.34
3.095.02.7890.62.8598.52.0692.21.7998.31.87
15.095.23.3193.11.54100.31.6699.62.0294.61.22
甲拌磷亚砜1.092.47.2391.04.3793.92.9188.54.3692.02.41
2.093.21.9892.86.0496.51.3596.01.3493.21.34
10.090.63.1898.33.0396.52.7796.42.9497.72.73
胺苯磺隆0.193.18.6290.22.4691.35.6791.92.6090.86.79
0.292.15.9293.32.0594.32.0298.01.2393.46.43
1.097.52.1796.12.7995.13.0496.02.9299.44.75
硫线磷0.1593.07.23102.84.3793.92.9192.34.3692.02.41
0.392.81.98102.86.0496.51.3596.01.3499.21.34
1.5102.63.1898.33.0396.52.7796.42.9497.72.73
克百威0.195.33.0089.52.2896.01.8890.83.80100.72.55
0.293.43.9988.93.3897.12.3597.66.4693.84.65
1.099.51.0491.14.1894.03.0999.23.9894.10.36
3-羟基克百威1.0101.01.85101.12.3198.52.83101.32.5697.21.61
2.0110.43.72100.52.39100.86.0898.93.20107.22.56
10.0111.06.0199.52.2097.32.7599.81.3497.56.88
地虫硫磷1.5102.21.5499.63.1292.50.8496.31.64102.21.07
3.098.41.8799.73.5397.13.93101.01.7498.32.48
15.0105.05.1398.21.7597.13.0499.04.8596.12.94
氯唑磷1.0108.92.91100.82.9995.82.1299.53.66102.53.35
2.098.37.06100.52.76103.85.37101.82.7499.71.49
10.099.31.6996.80.8898.65.72100.50.9096.61.40
氯磺隆0.598.34.7890.64.1596.74.87100.16.6696.84.16
1.096.94.09108.12.3695.25.6897.51.4893.03.94
5.0101.71.4693.41.98102.13.15103.40.88100.43.70
硫环磷0.1593.95.60101.92.19102.83.04104.55.3991.12.53
0.3109.03.3099.91.4999.81.5790.81.7699.91.89
1.5113.16.5094.51.6494.00.8599.52.21102.33.51
甲磺隆0.194.56.5692.84.3793.92.9190.54.3690.54.11
0.293.11.4191.06.0496.51.3596.01.3492.70.95
1.099.52.5398.33.0396.52.7793.42.9495.32.76
涕灭威1.097.07.0798.78.52102.33.82100.72.3596.03.12
2.093.06.7699.21.4891.11.6898.05.6390.22.44
10.094.55.9793.51.9894.00.65100.15.30101.42.34
涕灭威砜1.590.48.3394.07.3393.37.7190.27.4594.56.16
3.092.96.0595.76.7396.47.3296.85.5395.06.47
15.091.75.7697.95.9797.96.38100.84.5693.65.53
涕灭威亚砜1.595.36.8691.55.6194.57.3190.97.0691.16.53
3.090.35.5893.06.6991.45.7293.16.3598.26.45
15.097.45.18101.25.4793.06.1698.75.7194.24.60
磷胺0.1595.57.2994.64.7292.05.0890.65.7490.96.57
0.399.26.2992.35.7493.46.2894.35.1092.26.39
1.594.35.8494.95.2894.65.0097.15.5398.27.06
甲基异柳磷1.097.02.0396.03.3391.52.0799.03.1095.04..09
2.095.71.0594.72.0298.21.88101.02.1197.84.11
10.099.43.1196.11.0696.32.6297.82.0897.02.17
甲胺磷1.595.92.3391.63.1495.33.8390.54.1195.77.78
3.0102.52.2296.41.5897.21.0396.70.9592.53.87
15.094.54.8096.73.6091.46.7195.32.7692.08.03
特丁硫磷砜1.096.23.0294.43.1096.86.7095.38.7493.03.15
2.092.41.9193.81.9697.51.9298.81.9592.41.59
10.092.83.4593.74.7599.33.1899.73.9595.15.14
特丁硫磷亚砜0.393.00.3992.92.0896.95.3695.10.8894.36.13
0.695.01.0297.71.9796.83.7496.32.6398.03.42
3.092.92.0593.23.0594.33.9098.51.0691.53.41
久效磷0.398.95.0896.82.2097.51.3495.13.5296.55.09
0.692.01.9398.50.9996.63.3294.45.0297.21.49
3.095.42.0897.31.4790.21.1795.65.8294.93.38
杀虫脒1.593.44.8697.21.6596.36.3598.14.2196.25.50
3.096.81.3994.63.2395.73.6698.34.02105.02.40
15.093.42.0497.22.6899.22.8593.63.1796.53.17
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Detection results of 30 pesticide residues in 5 kinds of ginseng health food ingredients

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样品名称农药残留量(µg/kg)
甲拌磷砜甲拌磷亚砜标准值克百威氯磺隆标准值
丹参1#279.8/≤20//≤50
2#871.8///
3#91.44///
4#87.29///
5#87.72///
太子参1#//38.11/
高丽红参1#///362.5
2#///293.3
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5种参类保健食品原料中30种农残量的阳性样品检出结果

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样品名称农药残留量(µg/kg)
甲拌磷砜甲拌磷亚砜标准值克百威氯磺隆标准值
丹参1#279.8/≤20//≤50
2#871.8///
3#91.44///
4#87.29///
5#87.72///
太子参1#//38.11/
高丽红参1#///362.5
2#///293.3
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基于改良QuEChERS-新型超交联聚合物净化的超高效液相-串联四级杆质谱联用法测定5种参类保健食品原料中30种农药残留
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俞所银 1, * , 梁佳 2, * , 俞跃洋 3
食品工业科技 | 现代分析与智能检测 2026,47(18): 263-273
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食品工业科技 |现代分析与智能检测 2026 , 47 (18) : 263 -273
基于改良QuEChERS-新型超交联聚合物净化的超高效液相-串联四级杆质谱联用法测定5种参类保健食品原料中30种农药残留
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俞所银1, * , 梁佳2, * , 俞跃洋3
作者信息
  • 1上海市质量监督检验技术研究院有限公司,上海 200233
  • 2浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院,浙江舟山 316022
  • 3江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏句容 212400
通讯作者:
俞所银(1986−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品药品化妆品质量检测与分析,E-mail:。
梁佳(1984−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品精深加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

俞所银(1986−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品药品化妆品质量检测与分析,E-mail:

Determination of 30 Pesticide Residues in 5 Kinds of Ginseng Health Food Ingredients by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) Based on Modified QuEChERS-Novel Porous Organic Polymers
Suoyin YU1, * , Jia LIANG2, * , Yueyang YU3
Affiliations
  • 1Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
  • 2College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
  • 3Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040353
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为研究参类保健食品原料中农药残留污染现状,建立了改良QuEChERS-新型超交联聚合物(porous organic polymers,POPs)联用净化,超高效液相-串联四级杆质谱测定高丽红参、丹参、玄参、党参和太子参中30种农药残留量分析方法。样品经1%冰乙酸浸润、乙腈提取,QuEChERS(不含石墨化碳黑)净化液经新型超交联聚合物吸附、解吸处理、解吸液浓缩后用1 mL乙腈+水(体积比6+4)定容。滤液经Phenomenx Kinetex C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm)分离,0.1%甲酸(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵)-乙腈梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子化、正离子扫描和动态多反应监测模式测定,内标法定量。结果表明:化学法自制的10 mg POPs材料对30种农药吸附率可达95%以上,用乙腈+甲苯(体积比3+1)洗脱解吸率达99%、改良QuEChERS-新型超交联聚合物联用净化法使30种农药回收率均提升了5%~40%。30种农药在0.05~100 µg/kg范围内均有较好的线性关系(r>0.990),检出限(limits of detection,LOD,S/N=3)为0.05~5.0 µg/kg。5种参类保健食品原料在低、中、高三水平下的平均回收率为86.4%~113.1%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSD,n=6)为0.36%~8.74%,方法定量限(limits of quantification detection,LOQ,S/N=10)为0.10~15.0 µg/kg。本方法回收率高、灵敏度高,能够解决传统QuEChERS前处理对参类保健食品原料中农药回收率低、基质干扰强的问题。

改良QuEChERS-新型超交联聚合物  /  参类保健食品原料  /  超高效液相-串联四级杆质谱联(UPLC-MS/MS)  /  农药残留

In order to study the pesticide residues in ginseng health food ingredients, an analysis method for determination of 30 pesticide residues in Korean Red Ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, Scrophularia radix, Radix Codonopsis, and Pseudostellaria radix was established by combining the modified QuEChERS-novel porous organic polymers (POPs) purification with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were soaked in 1% ice acetic acid and extracted by acetonitrile, then purified by QuEChERS method without graphitized of carbon black. The purificated solutions were adsorbed and desorbed by novel porous organic polymers, concentrated by nitrogen stream and dissolved in 1 mL acetonitrile solution (volume ratio 6+4). The filtrates were separated by the Phenomenx Kinetex C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm) chromatography column, using gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate-acetonitrile, determined by electrospray ionization, in positive ion switching dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode, and quantified by the internal standard method. The results showed that the adsorption rate of 10 mg POPs materials self-made by the chemical method for 30 kinds of pesticides could reach more than 95%, and the desorption capacity reached 99% when eluted with acetonitrile-toluene (volume ratio 3+1) solution. The recoveries of 30 kinds of pesticides were increased to 5%~40% by modified QuEChERS-novel porous organic polymers purification. Method validation revealed that all 30 pesticides had good linearities in the range of 0.05~100 µg/kg, with correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.990, and limits of detection (LOD, S/N=3) were 0.05~5.0 µg/kg. The average recoveries of 5 kinds of ginseng health food ingredients were ranged from 86.4% to 113.1%, with relative standard deviations (RSD, n=6) of 0.36%~8.74% at low, medium and high addition levels. While the limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N=10) were 0.10~15.0 µg/kg. This method has high recovery and high sensitivity, also can solve the issues of low pesticide recovery and strong matrix interference in ginseng health food ingredients by conventional QuEChERS pretreatment.

modified QuEChERS-novel porous organic polymers purification  /  ginseng health food ingredients  /  ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)  /  pesticide residues
俞所银, 梁佳, 俞跃洋. 基于改良QuEChERS-新型超交联聚合物净化的超高效液相-串联四级杆质谱联用法测定5种参类保健食品原料中30种农药残留. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 263 -273 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040353
Suoyin YU, Jia LIANG, Yueyang YU. Determination of 30 Pesticide Residues in 5 Kinds of Ginseng Health Food Ingredients by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) Based on Modified QuEChERS-Novel Porous Organic Polymers[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 263 -273 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040353
人参因富含活性成分、人体必需氨基酸和微量元素具有多种保健功效,而常作为保健品(中药材原料、药酒、药膳)、食品(鲜参、茶饮)和添加剂(调味料、人参原浆饮品)的原料被加工食用,如高丽红参具有滋补强壮、抗癌和降血糖作用[1];丹参可凉血消痈[2]、调节女性生殖与代谢[3],抗肿瘤[4−7],保护心脑血管[8]功效;玄参有泻火解毒[9]、治消渴[10]作用;党参可补气健脾、增强造血[11]和提高动物生产性能[12]、抗溃疡等作用[13];太子参可降低血糖血脂[14]、治津亏口渴等症[15]。但野生人参资源极少,以人工种植为主满足消费需求。个别种植户为了缩短生长周期、提高产量与收益,存在不合理施药或在施药降解周期内采收作物导致含有农药残留,既损害消费者健康又造成出口贸易损失;因此开发同时测定高丽红参、丹参、玄参、党参和太子参保健食品原料中农药残留的液质方法有利于市场监督管理、保证食用安全。
目前农药检测技术主要有GC-MS[16]、GC-MS/MS[17]、LC-MS[16]、LC-MS/MS[18]等。QuEChERS方法因快速、简单、经济、有效、稳定、安全而广泛用于多农药残留分析,但参类保健食品原料种类多、基质杂,需要根据样品基质和目标组分性质选择适宜的吸附剂才能提高农药的回收率[19],如吴学进等[20]报道常规QuEChERS方法(无水硫酸镁、N-丙基乙二胺即PSA、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶即C18、石墨化碳黑(graphitized of carbon black,GCB))中含GCB作为吸附剂时,丹参中有机磷类和磺隆类农药难以洗脱造成回收率偏低,且内吸磷、甲拌磷砜等农药因氧化降解导致回收率偏低。唐玉菲等[21]研究发现传统QuEChERS(无水硫酸镁、PSA、C18、GCB、硅胶)中GCB对氯磺隆、胺苯磺隆、甲磺隆和杀虫脒有明显的吸附,回收率下降明显,其中杀虫脒回收率<50.0%,磺隆类农药回收率为69.0%~82.0%;去除GCB后的QuEChERS吸附净化后杀虫脒回收率提高至87.2%,磺隆类农药回收率提高至85.0%~96.0%。刘华文等[22]报道GCB是一种片状结构的非极性吸附剂,对含苯环官能团的化合物有较强的吸附作用,导致对茶叶中47种农药残留测定时发现有机氯回收率降低。这些研究虽是基质曲线,但只是消除单一基质样品的基质效应,无法同时准确定量多基质样品的含量,不适于大批量样品分析。此外也有其他改良QuEChERS净化材料文献报道[23−24]、引入新型净化材料,如多壁碳纳米管材料、磁性纳米颗粒[25],金属-有机骨架材料(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)[26]等,由于生产成本高,碳纳米管尚不能大规模生产;MOFs吸附效果、实验稳定性均不理想[27]。多孔有机复合物(POPs),无定型粗糙颗粒因内部结构含有相连孔隙因而比表面积快速高容量吸附解吸能力突出,克服了传统无机吸附剂吸附量低、MOFs 环境稳定性差的缺点,已成功应用于蜂蜜中11种抗生素残留的检测研究[27]。
因此本文以“氘代莠去津”为内标,采用不含GCB的QuEChERS吸附剂进行净化后,结合POPs吸附解吸处理,建立超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定高丽红参、丹参、玄参、党参和太子参中30种农药残留方法,以期减少基质曲线外标法配制工作量,提高有机磷、有机氯和磺隆类农药回收率及检测效率的同时,为参类保健食品原料中农药残留批量检测提供方法参考。
参类保健食品原料47份 高丽红参13份、丹参13份、玄参5份、党参7份和太子参9份,每份200 g,上海、江苏、江西、河北、河南、云南、湖南、辽宁、广西、山西、陕西、新疆、安徽、四川、浙江、山东送检样品;市售参类保健食品6份:红参胶原蛋白肽果冻、先人参原浆饮品、天麻浓浆植物饮品 购于山姆、开市客、联华大型超市;30种农残混标标准品(纯度≥99.9%,100 µg/mL)、氘代莠去津标准品(纯度≥99.9%,100 µg/mL) 天津阿尔塔有限公司;QuEChERS净化管(含900 mg无水硫酸镁,300 mg N-丙基乙二胺即PSA,300 mg十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶即C18,300 mg硅胶) 博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司;乙腈、甲醇、无水乙醇 色谱纯,美国Fisher公司;甲酸(分析纯) 美国 ACS化学试剂;甲酸铵、冰乙酸 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;0.22 µm Filter Unit滤膜 天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司。
Q-TRAP6500+三重四级杆串联型质谱仪(配有电喷雾离子源(ESI)及Analyst Software1.5.2软件采集及数据处理系统) 美国SCIEX公司;Agilent 1290型超高压液相色谱仪 美国Agilent公司;MSZO4S/Z型电子天平(感量0.1 mg) Mettler Toleo公司;Centrifuge 5804高速离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;HS 501 digital型往复式振荡器 德国IKA艾卡(广州)仪器设备有限公司;D-91126多管涡旋振荡器 德国Heidolph公司;KUDOS超声波清洗器 上海科导超声仪器有限公司;NEXUS-470傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪 美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;Milli Q 超纯水器 美国Millipore公司;KD 200氮气吹扫仪 杭州奥盛公司。
准确移取30种农药混合标准品和氘代莠去津标准品,乙腈定容配制成质量浓度为1.0 µg/mL的标准储备液,−18 ℃保存。精确移取适量标准储备液,用乙腈逐级稀释标准液,得到内标质量浓度为100 ng/mL,外标质量浓度为0.05、0.1、0. 5、1.0、5.0、10.0、50.0和100 ng/mL的一系列溶剂标准工作溶液。
采用Friedel-Crafts合成法,即以双酚类芳香化合物单体和二甲氧基甲烷组装成特定的聚合物网络,参考王安琪等[27]的方法。
分别称取通过三号筛处理过的“高丽红参、丹参、玄参、党参和太子参”粉末3 g(精确至0.01 g),置于50 mL聚苯乙烯具塞离心管中,加入30.0 µL内标氘代莠去津溶液(10.0 µg/mL)和2颗玻璃珠,再加入15 mL 1%(体积分数)冰乙酸溶液,涡旋使样品充分浸润后摇床振荡30 min后;精密加入15 mL乙腈,涡旋混匀2 min后摇床振荡30 min。
向1.2.3.1所得样品中加入无水硫酸镁与无水乙酸钠的混合包(4:1,7.5 g),立即涡旋振荡2 min,于冰浴冷却5 min,9500 r/min离心2 min,移取上清液10 mL于固相萃取净化管中,涡旋混匀后3000 r/min离心2 min。
用移液管准确移取固相萃取液上清液5 mL于10 mg POPs材料的15 mL离心管中,涡旋混匀超声30 min使之充分吸附;9500 r/min离心2 min移走上清液,向固体中加入5 mL水涡旋混匀、离心,移走上清液,重复上述操作1次,合并上清液记为V0,将V0置于40 ℃下氮气吹干,用乙腈+水(6+4) 定容至1 mL,涡旋混匀,用0.22 µm Filter Unit滤膜过滤,供UPLC-MS/MS分析,供计算吸附率用。
向下层POPs材料中加入10 mL 乙腈+甲苯溶液(体积比3+1),500 W超声30 min使之充分解吸;9500 r/min离心2 min取上清液,再分2次加入5 mL乙腈+甲苯溶液(体积比3+1)超声10 min,离心取上清液合并,置于40 ℃下氮气吹干,用乙腈+水(6+4) 定容至1 mL,涡旋混匀,用0.22 µm Filter Unit滤膜过滤,供UPLC-MS/MS分析。
色谱柱:Phenomenx Kinetex C18石英毛细柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 µm);流动相:A相为0.1%甲酸溶液(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵),B相为乙腈;0.3 mL/min、柱温40 ℃、进样量1 µL;梯度洗脱:0~1 min,30% B;1~12 min,30%~100% B;12~14 min,100% B;14~14.01 min,100%~30% B;14.01~16 min,30% B。
离子源:电喷雾(electron spray ionization,ESI+)模式、电喷雾电压3000 V;雾化气压力55 psi;辅助加热器压力50 psi;气帘气压力25 psi;离子源温度400 ℃;多反应监测(Multiple ReactionMonitoring,MRM)模式;30种农残和内标氘代莠去津质谱分析参数见表1。
$\rm {\text{W}}_{\text{X}}(\text{%}) =\frac{样品含量-上清液含量}{样品含量}\times 100 $
式中:WX表示POPs材料吸附率(%)。
$\rm {\text{W}}_{\text{J}}(\text{%}) =\frac{样品含量J}{样品含量}\times 100 $
式中:WJ表示POPs材料解吸率(%);样品含量J表示解吸附洗脱后上机分析得到的含量,mg/kg。
采用AB SCIEX公司的Analyst Software1.5.2软件采集并处理数据,采用内标法进行定量;采用Excle 2021和Graph Pad Prism 8软件进行数据分析、作图、统计分析,数据表示为3个独立样本结果的平均值±标准差。
依次将浓度为0.1 µg/mL的30种农药、氘代莠去津标准溶液以流动注射的方式分别注入离子源,在ESI+和ESI−模式进行全扫描,发现ESI+模式下响应更高。确定母离子后进行二级离子全扫描,选取丰度相对较大、干扰相对较小的2对子离子分别作为定量、定性离子[28](表1);30种农药在1~10 min内出峰完全,峰形对称,前后无明显杂质干扰。
根据俞所银前期研究[29]以及参考《中华人民共和国药典2020版四部通则2341》第五法[30]-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,采用Phenomenx Kinetex C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 µm) 色谱柱在相同的质谱条件下,甲胺磷、涕灭威亚砜分别在0.99、1.00 min出峰,且0.80~0.90 min处没有溶剂峰或杂质峰干扰、峰形对称良好。同时研究中发现0.1%甲酸水-乙腈流动相体系的色谱峰型优于0.1%甲酸水-甲醇流动相体系的色谱峰,在0.1%甲酸水-乙腈流动相体系中添加缓冲盐能有效改善峰形使其尖锐对称,同时缓冲盐体系延长了甲胺磷的稳定性。比较含5、10和20 mmol/L甲酸铵的0.1%甲酸水-乙腈流动相体系发现:3种浓度的甲酸铵流动相体系下30种化合物响应、峰型和保留时间均无较大差别,但5 mmol/L低溶度更利于延长色谱柱、仪器使用寿命;此外根据出峰时间增加阀切换操作,使洗脱时间0~0.5 min、9.01~16 min切换到废液不进入质谱,降低四级杆的污染程度延迟使用期。
以《中华人民共和国药典2020版四部0212药材和片饮检定通则》[30]判定依据中30种农药最大限量50 µg/kg为基准,考察不同用量POPs材料在相同时间内饱和吸附量,达到成本与效率共优。吸附能力主要取决于待测物性质与POPs结构相互作用强弱。30种农药多以盐类形式存在,正负电荷分布明显;含有多羟基基团的POPs材料因具有大量1.3 nm 尺寸的微孔结构[27,31],形成较大的比表面积,吸附量得到提升。
将5 mL 30.0 ng/mL的阳性高丽红参基质溶液(对应3 g样品量)分别加入到2、5、10、15、20 mg POPs材料,按1.2.3.3步骤操作,测定V0上清液中残留农药含量,如图1。由图1可知,10 mg POPs材料可达到95%以上,吸附率能满足阳性检出的要求,这主要与POPs材料较大的比表面积和微孔结构,且富含羟基、静电作用、氢键和π-π堆积作用有关[31]。
选择适宜的解吸附溶剂是提高回收率的重要因素之一。解吸附能力主要取决于待测物性质与POPs结构相互作用强弱。30种农药中有21种有机磷农药、3种磺隆类农药、5种氨基甲酸酯类以及1种有机氮农药(杀虫脒)。其中,有机磷农药在酸性条件下稳定,在碱性条件下氢氧根离子亲核攻击酯键(活性关键部分)中的磷原子,酯键化学键断裂后,完整的有机磷大分子被分解成磷酸衍生物(无杀虫活性)和醇/酚小分子(无农药活性);磺隆类农药在酸性和碱性条件下均不稳定,酸性条件磺酰胺键断裂发生水解,碱性条件氢氧根离子进攻羰基碳发生水解,键断裂生成磺酸盐和异氰酸酯中间体。参考GB/T 20769-2008、GB/T 20770-2008、GB 23200.39-2016标准,重点比较了乙腈、含1%磷酸的乙腈、乙腈+甲苯(3+1)、甲醇、含1%氨水的甲醇对10 mg POPs材料吸附5 mL、30.0 ng/mL的阳性高丽红参基质溶液(对应3 g样品量)的解吸能力,按1.2.3.4步骤操作后合并离心上清液、氮气吹干、定容、过滤,UPLC-MS/MS分析农药含量,结果见表2;结果显示乙腈+甲苯(3+1)解吸能力最佳,解吸率达99%。
针对药材及片饮(植物类)产品存在的基质复杂、回收率低的问题,以高丽红参为例,比较了QuEChERS(无水硫酸镁900 mg、PSA 300 mg、C18 300 mg、硅胶300 mg、GCB 90 mg)、改良QuEChERS(不含GCB)、POPs材料、改良QuEChERS(不含GCB)+POPs联用4种净化材料;结果显示:QuEChERS处理后样品颜色更淡,回收率略低于改良QuEChERS(除氯唑磷、甲磺隆外),单独POPs材料净化效果最差;改良QuEChERS(不含GCB的)+POPs联用则最佳,30种农药回收率均得到了提高,解决了回收率低的问题。其中胺苯磺隆、氯磺隆、甲磺隆的回收率从经QuEChERS净化的82.8%、64.5%、91.5%,到改良QuEChERS(不含GCB)净化的85.3%、97.1%、90.2%,再到改良QuEChERS(不含GCB)+POPs联用的93.1%、98.3%、94.5%,分别提高了11.7%、41.5%、3.22%(与QuEChERS比较),30种农药回收率提高5%~40%,如表3所示。同时对比俞所银等[29]前期研究的QuEChERS方法,30种农药的回收率提高了15%左右。胺苯磺隆、氯磺隆回收率提升较高,主要是在中性pH环境下磺隆类农药稳定性好、不易降解[32−33];3种磺隆类农药结构上的苯环、双键和多羟基位点与POPs结构中与静电作用、氢键和π-π堆积作用增加农药吸附[27,31];由于甲磺隆(27 mg/L)在水中溶解度低于胺苯磺隆(50 mg/L)和氯磺隆(27.9 g/L),因此甲磺隆回收率没有明显的增加。
在《中华人民共和国药典2020版四部2341》第五法定量分析药材及饮片(植物类)样品时,因基质种类复杂干扰明显,需要配基质曲线进行定量,大大增加工作量和成本;因此采用“第四法”中的内标法对“第五法”中30种农残化合物进行检测,以氘代莠去津为内标。
本试验以购买频次较高的5种参类保健食品原料:高丽红参、丹参、玄参、党参和太子参为样品,通过基质曲线斜率/溶剂曲线斜率比值ME发现:太子参的甲拌磷亚砜、玄参的氯磺隆基质效应小,ME=1;而玄参的甲磺隆、氯磺隆,高丽红参的胺苯磺隆、甲磺隆、氯磺隆基质增强明显,ME在1.03~1.66之间;5种基质标中其余的化合物存在明显的基质抑制效应,且不同的基质,相同的化合物基质效应也存在明显的差异;样品基质的干扰物会影响最终的分析结果,虽然采用了先进的QuEChERs净化方法,但也不能完全消除基质效应[34],因此本文采用内标法对5种参类保健食品原料中30种农残进行定量分析有明显的必要性。
在0.05~100 µg/kg范围内,30种农药具有良好的线性关系(r>0.995)。各取一定浓度的5种阴性人参保健品原料基质加标液,在上述液相、质谱条件下测定,以信噪比S/N=3计算出检出限、S/N=10计算定量限见表4。
按表4中各农药定量限的1.0、2.0、10.0倍水平在5种阴性参类保健食品原料中添加30种农药标准品、内标质量浓度为100 µg/kg,按“1.2.3”前处理平行测定6份,考察本方法的回收率与重现性。结果显示:该方法平均回收率在86.4%~113.1%范围内,相对标准偏差在0.36%~8.74%之间(表5)。
采用内标法开展16个省市抽查到的5种参类保健食品原料共47份样品进行检测,阳性样品检出情况见表6。8份样品检出农药残留,7份样品存在部分农药超出《中华人民共和国药典2020版四部0212药材和片饮检定通则》限量值、不合格率14.9%,按现行有效《中华人民共和国药典2020版四部2341》第五法检测,其中丹参3#~5#甲拌磷砜样品为假阴性样品,其含量分别为16.03、14.58、15.02 ng/mL,而加标回收率很低。本研究内标法测定丹参3#~5#甲拌磷砜含量为91.44、87.29、87.72 µg/kg,加标回收率达95%以上,符合GB/T 27404-2008《实验室质量控制规范》F.1中回收率60%~120%方法技术要求范围[35],表明本研究方法更简便、更精准。并且发现13份丹参样品检出5份阳性,相对其他参类中药材,丹参检出农药的几率较大,13份高丽红参样品检出2份氯磺隆阳性。此外对市面上其他保健品,如“红参胶原蛋白肽果冻、先人参原浆饮品、天麻浓浆植物饮品”等测定发现均未检出。
本研究结合《中华人民共和国药典2020版四部2341》第五法、第四法,建立了基于改良QuEChERS-POPs净化法测定高丽红参、丹参、玄参、党参和太子参中30种农药、同时以“氘代莠去津为内标”定量分析的UPLC-MS/MS检测方法。该方法准确度高,克服了基质效应的影响,大大简化了多基质曲线配制的工作量。改良QuEChERS(不含GCB的)-POPs联用净化后,30种农药回收率均得到了提高,其中胺苯磺隆、氯磺隆、甲磺隆分别提高了11.8%、39.0%、3.26%(与常规QuEChERS方法比较)。47份5种参类保健食品原料检出7份样品阳性、不合格率达14.9%,其中3份丹参中甲拌磷砜含量(以甲拌磷、甲拌磷砜与甲拌磷亚砜之和计,以甲拌磷表示)和2份高丽红参中氯磺隆含量均超出现行有效的《中华人民共和国药典2020版四部 0212 药材和片饮检定通则》标准值。本方法实现了多基质、多组分农药残留的通用分析方法,为参类保健食品原料批量检测提供了方法参考。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040353
  • 接收时间:2025-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30
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    1上海市质量监督检验技术研究院有限公司,上海 200233
    2浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院,浙江舟山 316022
    3江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏句容 212400

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俞所银(1986−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品药品化妆品质量检测与分析,E-mail:。
梁佳(1984−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品精深加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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