Article(id=1320880588098221015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080316, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756396800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852072977, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852072977, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852072977, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852072977, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=115, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880588328907736, articleId=1320880588098221015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Characteristics and Antioxidant Capacity of Schizophyllum commune Alkali-soluble Polysaccharide-Sodium Alginate Composite Hydrogel Induced by Calcium Ion, columnId=1320880469017735237, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Food Components and Quality Mechanisms, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of the poor mechanical properties and limited functionality of sodium alginate (Alg) gels, a composite hydrogel SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ that uses Alg and Schizophyllum commune alkali-soluble polysaccharide (SCAP) as substrates was prepared by induction of Ca2+. The gelation mechanism and the effects of SCAP addition amounts on the characteristics and antioxidant activity of the composite hydrogel were investigated. The results showed that the SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogel could be formed by the interactions of ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force. The composite hydrogel exhibited a highly ordered porous network structure with the addition of SCAP and Ca2+. When the SCAP addition amount was 3%, the water holding capacity of the composite hydrogel achieved 87.32%. At pH7.4, its swelling ratios were 45.56% (wet) and 2479.82% (freeze-dried), respectively. Rheological analysis revealed a significant enhancement in the storage modulus, increasing from 455.33 Pa for pure Alg hydrogel to 17768.56 Pa for the composite hydrogel, indicating improved rheological properties. The incorporation of SCAP and Ca2+ did not affect the thermal stability of the composite hydrogel but effectively enhanced its antioxidant capacity. The scavenging rate of DPPH free radicals increased from 6.95% for pure Alg to 26.65%, while the scavenging rates of ABTS+ and hydroxyl free radicals also improved by approximately 10%. Furthermore, the SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogel may also exhibit pH-responsiveness, maintaining structural integrity in gastric fluid while undergoing rapid degradation in intestinal fluid. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis and theoretical foundation for the biomedical carrier application of SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogels.

, authors=Haina MA1, Chaomin YIN2, 3, *, Lihong FAN2, Jing WEN2, Fang XIE1, Hong GAO2, 3, Xiuzhi FAN2, 3, Defang SHI2, 3, Zhicheng HUANG2, 3, Jie CAI1, *, authorsList=Haina MA, Chaomin YIN, Lihong FAN, Jing WEN, Fang XIE, Hong GAO, Xiuzhi FAN, Defang SHI, Zhicheng HUANG, Jie CAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chaomin YIN, Jie CAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880592246387693, articleId=1320880588098221015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=钙离子诱导的裂褶菌碱溶性多糖-海藻酸钠复合水凝胶凝胶特性及其抗氧化性, columnId=1320880469198090311, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=食品组分与品质机制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了改善海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,Alg)凝胶机械性能差和功能单一的问题,以Alg和裂褶菌碱溶性多糖(Schizophyllum commune alkali-soluble polysaccharide,SCAP)为原料,经Ca2+诱导制备SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶并探讨了其成胶机制以及不同SCAP添加量对复合水凝胶的凝胶特性、抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶主要通过离子键、氢键和疏水相互作用力形成,其中SCAP和Ca2+的加入有助于复合水凝胶形成高度有序的多孔网络结构。当SCAP添加量为3%时,复合水凝胶的持水力为87.32%;在pH7.4时,其溶胀率分别为45.56%(湿)和2479.82%(冻干)。流变学测试显示,复合水凝胶的储存模量由纯Alg水凝胶的455.33 Pa提升至17768.56 Pa,从而改善了水凝胶的流变学性能。SCAP和Ca2+的添加未影响复合水凝胶的热稳定性,但有效提升了复合水凝胶的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基的清除率由纯Alg的6.95%提升至26.65%,ABTS+和羟基自由基清除率也提升了约10%。此外,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶可能还具有pH响应性,即在胃液中结构稳定,进入肠液后则迅速降解。本研究结果将为SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶在生物医药载体等领域的应用提供了科学依据和理论基础。

, authors=马海娜1, 殷朝敏2, 3, *, 范俐红2, 文静2, 谢芳1, 高虹2, 3, 范秀芝2, 3, 史德芳2, 3, 黄志成2, 3, 蔡杰1, *, authorsList=马海娜, 殷朝敏, 范俐红, 文静, 谢芳, 高虹, 范秀芝, 史德芳, 黄志成, 蔡杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=殷朝敏, 蔡杰, authorNote=

马海娜(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食用菌生物活性物质及产业化应用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
殷朝敏(1987−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食用菌生物活性物质及产业化应用,E-mail:。
蔡杰(1987−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:碳水化合物资源的开发与利用,E-mail:。
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注:A:FTIR;B:Zeta电位图;C:尿素的凝胶状态图;D:SDS的凝胶状态图;C和D图中圆形代表处于凝胶状态,三角形代表处于半凝胶状态;不同小写字母代表样品间Zeta电位差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=jk+EGwFQnIYhRmMW4Mo2OA==, figureFileBig=gnez2zrgnd9JbvoQp7Ewtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880600941178943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic illustration of SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogel formation, figureFileSmall=idzq/4Ua2poRymrVFrX1ww==, figureFileBig=Mju8qvm8id9qMSgnhZR2pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880600999899200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶形成示意图, figureFileSmall=idzq/4Ua2poRymrVFrX1ww==, figureFileBig=Mju8qvm8id9qMSgnhZR2pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880601071202369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Water holding capacity of SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogels, figureFileSmall=ltMCmL+2wxKRLvizmSIxOw==, figureFileBig=UmntY2mo8aXfXqhsUfXZlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880601163477058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶持水力

注:不同小写字母代表样品间持水力差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ltMCmL+2wxKRLvizmSIxOw==, figureFileBig=UmntY2mo8aXfXqhsUfXZlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880601377386563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Swelling properties of SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogels, figureFileSmall=fGHlolT/Giso7bb4Aw9GbQ==, figureFileBig=jSio0tds17VbK2kNf8k7Ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880601444495428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=CN, label=图6, caption=SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶溶胀性

注:A:湿水凝胶溶胀率;B:冻干水凝胶溶胀率;不同小写字母代表不同SCAP添加量样品在相同pH条件下溶胀率差异显著(P<0.05);*代表样品在不同pH条件下溶胀率差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=fGHlolT/Giso7bb4Aw9GbQ==, figureFileBig=jSio0tds17VbK2kNf8k7Ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880601519992902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Thermal stability of SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogels, figureFileSmall=QJzaq5fiBfn+NE5fyz5OSQ==, figureFileBig=Xgv61zZmNJFf2Rc9JTsvMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880601775845447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=CN, label=图7, caption=SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶热稳定性

注:A:热失重曲线;B:热失重速率曲线。

, figureFileSmall=QJzaq5fiBfn+NE5fyz5OSQ==, figureFileBig=Xgv61zZmNJFf2Rc9JTsvMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880601859731528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Rheological properties of Alg and SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogels, figureFileSmall=8JIDBpnKKdQvPhBrMSPlkA==, figureFileBig=FfpD/YNLg9NXBy+IWX5Pfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880601939423305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶流变性图

注:A:G'随应变变化曲线;B:G'随频率变化曲线;C:G"随频率变化曲线;D:松弛模量随时间变化曲线。

, figureFileSmall=8JIDBpnKKdQvPhBrMSPlkA==, figureFileBig=FfpD/YNLg9NXBy+IWX5Pfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880602203664458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=pH responsiveness of SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogels, figureFileSmall=rgLt1ioctBp1HknCcZCZGQ==, figureFileBig=hZ8H80UkEg9wu/1DzzwXkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880602279161931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=CN, label=图9, caption=SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶pH响应性, figureFileSmall=rgLt1ioctBp1HknCcZCZGQ==, figureFileBig=hZ8H80UkEg9wu/1DzzwXkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880602363048012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Antioxidant activities of Alg and SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogels, figureFileSmall=jgjV63Jd3HEF4qOt44DQcw==, figureFileBig=XUGaxx03hCzJQf3RE8im1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880602434351181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880588098221015, language=CN, label=图10, caption=Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶抗氧化性图

注:不同小写字母代表样品间抗氧化性差异显著(P<0.05)。

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钙离子诱导的裂褶菌碱溶性多糖-海藻酸钠复合水凝胶凝胶特性及其抗氧化性
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马海娜 1 , 殷朝敏 2, 3, * , 范俐红 2 , 文静 2 , 谢芳 1 , 高虹 2, 3 , 范秀芝 2, 3 , 史德芳 2, 3 , 黄志成 2, 3 , 蔡杰 1, *
食品工业科技 | 食品组分与品质机制 2026,47(18): 115-123
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食品工业科技 |食品组分与品质机制 2026 , 47 (18) : 115 -123
钙离子诱导的裂褶菌碱溶性多糖-海藻酸钠复合水凝胶凝胶特性及其抗氧化性
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马海娜1 , 殷朝敏2, 3, * , 范俐红2, 文静2, 谢芳1, 高虹2, 3, 范秀芝2, 3, 史德芳2, 3, 黄志成2, 3, 蔡杰1, *
作者信息
  • 1武汉轻工大学硒科学与工程现代产业学院,湖北武汉 430023
  • 2湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所国家食用菌加工技术研发分中心,湖北武汉 430064
  • 3农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,湖北武汉 430064
通讯作者:
殷朝敏(1987−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食用菌生物活性物质及产业化应用,E-mail:。
蔡杰(1987−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:碳水化合物资源的开发与利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

马海娜(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食用菌生物活性物质及产业化应用,E-mail:

Characteristics and Antioxidant Capacity of Schizophyllum commune Alkali-soluble Polysaccharide-Sodium Alginate Composite Hydrogel Induced by Calcium Ion
Haina MA1 , Chaomin YIN2, 3, * , Lihong FAN2, Jing WEN2, Fang XIE1, Hong GAO2, 3, Xiuzhi FAN2, 3, Defang SHI2, 3, Zhicheng HUANG2, 3, Jie CAI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
  • 2National Research and Development Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Institute of Agro-products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080316
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为了改善海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,Alg)凝胶机械性能差和功能单一的问题,以Alg和裂褶菌碱溶性多糖(Schizophyllum commune alkali-soluble polysaccharide,SCAP)为原料,经Ca2+诱导制备SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶并探讨了其成胶机制以及不同SCAP添加量对复合水凝胶的凝胶特性、抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶主要通过离子键、氢键和疏水相互作用力形成,其中SCAP和Ca2+的加入有助于复合水凝胶形成高度有序的多孔网络结构。当SCAP添加量为3%时,复合水凝胶的持水力为87.32%;在pH7.4时,其溶胀率分别为45.56%(湿)和2479.82%(冻干)。流变学测试显示,复合水凝胶的储存模量由纯Alg水凝胶的455.33 Pa提升至17768.56 Pa,从而改善了水凝胶的流变学性能。SCAP和Ca2+的添加未影响复合水凝胶的热稳定性,但有效提升了复合水凝胶的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基的清除率由纯Alg的6.95%提升至26.65%,ABTS+和羟基自由基清除率也提升了约10%。此外,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶可能还具有pH响应性,即在胃液中结构稳定,进入肠液后则迅速降解。本研究结果将为SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶在生物医药载体等领域的应用提供了科学依据和理论基础。

裂褶菌碱溶性多糖  /  海藻酸钠  /  Ca2+诱导  /  凝胶特性  /  pH响应性  /  抗氧化性

To address the issue of the poor mechanical properties and limited functionality of sodium alginate (Alg) gels, a composite hydrogel SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ that uses Alg and Schizophyllum commune alkali-soluble polysaccharide (SCAP) as substrates was prepared by induction of Ca2+. The gelation mechanism and the effects of SCAP addition amounts on the characteristics and antioxidant activity of the composite hydrogel were investigated. The results showed that the SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogel could be formed by the interactions of ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force. The composite hydrogel exhibited a highly ordered porous network structure with the addition of SCAP and Ca2+. When the SCAP addition amount was 3%, the water holding capacity of the composite hydrogel achieved 87.32%. At pH7.4, its swelling ratios were 45.56% (wet) and 2479.82% (freeze-dried), respectively. Rheological analysis revealed a significant enhancement in the storage modulus, increasing from 455.33 Pa for pure Alg hydrogel to 17768.56 Pa for the composite hydrogel, indicating improved rheological properties. The incorporation of SCAP and Ca2+ did not affect the thermal stability of the composite hydrogel but effectively enhanced its antioxidant capacity. The scavenging rate of DPPH free radicals increased from 6.95% for pure Alg to 26.65%, while the scavenging rates of ABTS+ and hydroxyl free radicals also improved by approximately 10%. Furthermore, the SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogel may also exhibit pH-responsiveness, maintaining structural integrity in gastric fluid while undergoing rapid degradation in intestinal fluid. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis and theoretical foundation for the biomedical carrier application of SCAP/Alg/Ca2+ composite hydrogels.

Schizophyllum commune alkali-soluble polysaccharide  /  sodium alginate  /  Ca2+-induced  /  hydrogel characteristics  /  pH-responsiveness  /  antioxidant capacity
马海娜, 殷朝敏, 范俐红, 文静, 谢芳, 高虹, 范秀芝, 史德芳, 黄志成, 蔡杰. 钙离子诱导的裂褶菌碱溶性多糖-海藻酸钠复合水凝胶凝胶特性及其抗氧化性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 115 -123 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080316
Haina MA, Chaomin YIN, Lihong FAN, Jing WEN, Fang XIE, Hong GAO, Xiuzhi FAN, Defang SHI, Zhicheng HUANG, Jie CAI. Characteristics and Antioxidant Capacity of Schizophyllum commune Alkali-soluble Polysaccharide-Sodium Alginate Composite Hydrogel Induced by Calcium Ion[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 115 -123 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080316
多糖水凝胶是一类由天然多糖分子通过物理或化学交联形成的,具有三维网络结构的亲水性高分子材料[1]。因其具有良好的生物降解性、高生物相容性、低毒性和优异的生物活性,在食品、生物医学和制药行业等各个领域引起了人们的极大关注。海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,Alg)作为一种由β-D-甘露糖醛酸和α-L-古洛糖醛酸通过1,4-糖苷键连接而成的阴离子多糖,其水凝胶成胶条件温和且具有优异的生物相容性,已成为当前的研究热点。然而,Alg水凝胶机械性能较差、功能单一,严重制约了其在食品和医药领域的应用[2]。为突破这一局限,将Alg与其他具有特定功能活性的天然物质进行复配,构建兼具增强机械性能和生物学功能的复合水凝胶体系已成为重要研究方向。
多个研究发现,在Alg中添加水溶性多糖可有效改善凝胶特性。如Chu等[3]在Alg中添加水溶性银耳多糖,成功地将一个结构松散、机械性能较弱的纯Alg凝胶,转变为一个具有高强度、高模量的复合凝胶载体。Yang等[4]在Alg中添加水溶性黑木耳多糖,提高了复合水凝胶的储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G"),成功开发出适用于吞咽障碍患者的特殊膳食食品。Fan等[5]在Alg中添加水溶性白及多糖,可通过减小凝胶的孔径、增强其交联密度与结构完整性,进而实现药物的缓慢释放并提高其机械强度。但水溶性多糖得率低、价格昂贵。目前关于水溶性多糖改善Alg机械性能的研究较多,而碱溶性多糖相关研究较少,且成胶机制尚不明晰。
前期研究发现,裂褶菌碱溶性多糖(Schizophyllum commune alkali-soluble polysaccharide,SCAP)具有独特的三螺旋结构[6]和优异的抗氧化、抗肿瘤及免疫调节等生物活性[7–8],展现出良好的凝胶性质。本研究将制备不同SCAP添加量的SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶,并对水凝胶微观结构、成胶机制、溶胀性、流变性、pH响应性以及抗氧化性进行了表征,以期为SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶的应用奠定基础。
裂褶菌子实体 武汉普天乐农业科技有限公司;ABTS试剂 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;纤维素酶(400 U/mg)、果胶酶(50000 U/g)、木瓜蛋白酶(800 U/mg)、DPPH试剂 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;氢氧化钠、无水氯化钙、海藻酸钠、过氧化氢、过硫酸钾、水杨酸、硫酸亚铁 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;所有实验用试剂纯度均为分析纯。
BRUKER ALPHA II傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、D8 Advance X射线衍射仪 德国布鲁克公司;MARS 40旋转流变仪 德国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;STA 449F5差热热重同步热分析仪 德国耐驰科学仪器有限公司;MIRA LMS扫描电子显微镜 捷克TESCAN公司;GL-21M大容量高速冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;SPARK多功能酶标仪 日本岛津有限公司。
裂褶菌子实体60 ℃烘干后粉碎过筛(80目)。精准称取裂褶菌粉末25.00 g,加入750 mL 0.5 mol/L NaOH溶液,磁力搅拌30 min。随后400 W功率下超声提取30 min,8000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液。将上清液pH调至7.0后,静置过夜。次日8000 r/min离心10 min,收集沉淀。用超纯水洗涤沉淀以除去水溶性杂质,8000 r/min离心10 min收集沉淀并冷冻干燥(−50 ℃,10 Pa,48 h),最终获得裂褶菌碱溶性多糖(SCAP)。
将Alg(1 g)溶解于100 mL超纯水中,室温下磁力搅拌60 min,得到1% Alg溶液。称取SCAP(10、20和30 mg)溶解于1 mL 0.5 mol/L NaOH溶液中,室温下磁力搅拌60 min,制得不同浓度(1%、2%和3%)SCAP溶液。将不同浓度SCAP溶液与Alg溶液按1:1体积比混合后,注射至1% CaCl2溶液中,形成SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶(湿),并得到其外观图。不同浓度SCAP制备的水凝胶分别被命名为SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3[3]。
参考Li等[9]的方法,采用扫描电子显微镜,观察Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶微观结构。将冻干(−50 ℃,10 Pa,48 h)水凝胶样品喷金处理后,在5 keV加速电压下观察。
参考Chen等[10]的方法,用KBr分别将SCAP、Alg、SCAP/Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2冻干的样品(−50 ℃,10 Pa,48 h)研磨成细粉,压成薄片,进行全波段(500~4000 cm−1)扫描。
参考Li等[9]的方法,测定SCAP、Alg、SCAP/Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2的Zeta电位。将冻干样品(−50 ℃,10 Pa,48 h)5 mg溶解于1 mL超纯水中,通过超声和涡旋进行均质化后室温下测定样品Zeta电位。
为探究复合水凝胶形成中的相互作用力,参考Li等[11]的方法进行评估。将不同量的尿素或十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)加入SCAP/Alg混合溶液中,使其终浓度分别为0.1%、0.5%、5.0%和10.0%。随后,将混合溶液注射至1% CaCl2溶液中,观察复合水凝胶状态变化。
参考Jin等[12]的方法,将复合湿凝胶置于10 mL离心管中,于8000 r/min转速下离心10 min。计算公式如下:
$\rm \text{持水力(\text{%})=}\frac{{\text{M}}_{2}}{{\text{M}}_{1}}\times 100 $
式中:M1是离心前样品的重量,g;M2是离心后样品的重量,g。
参考Wang等[13]的方法,分别测定SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶在湿与冻干(−50 ℃,10 Pa,48 h)状态下,于酸性和碱性条件中的溶胀率。将称重的样品置于pH为1.2和7.4的PBS溶液中,37 ℃下静置24 h。取出后,用滤纸轻拭表面残留液体至无明显水滴后立即称重。计算公式如下:
$ \text{溶胀率(\text{%})=}\frac{{\text{M}}_{4}-{\text{M}}_{3}}{{\text{M}}_{3}}\times 100 $
式中:M3是样品溶胀前的质量,g;M4是样品溶胀后的质量,g。
参考El-Sayed等[14]的方法,在N2条件下,将10 mg冻干凝胶样品(−50 ℃,10 Pa,48 h)以10 ℃/min的加热速率从室温加热到600 ℃,测定样品的质量变化。
参考Meng等[6]的方法,使用配备35 mm平行板的旋转流变仪。在1 Hz频率下进行应变范围为0.1%至100%的振幅扫描,以确定湿凝胶样品的线性粘弹性区域和临界应变。
参考Huang等[15]的方法,在25 ℃和1%应变下测定SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶(湿)在0.1至10 Hz频率下的G'和G"。
参考Chu等[3]的方法,在25 ℃的恒定应变(10%)下进行应力松弛实验,以评估湿凝胶网络结构的变化。当松弛模量数值趋于稳定值时,立即停止数据的收集。
参考Chu等[3]的方法,吸取SCAP/Alg混合液至注射器中,分别使用0.6、0.8、1.0、1.4和2.0 mm内径的注射针头,将其注入含1% CaCl2的溶液中,制备不同尺寸的SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶。随后,将所得的湿凝胶样品置于人工胃液消化2 h后,转移到人工肠液消化2 h,观察水凝胶外观的变化情况。
参考Duan等[16]的方法,将1 mL湿凝胶样品直接制备于离心管中,并立即加入1 mL(0.2 mmol/L)DPPH溶液,摇匀,37 ℃避光静置反应30 min。然后8000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液检测517 nm吸光值。计算公式如下:
$ \text{DPPH清除率}( \text{%} ) =\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{样品}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{空白}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{对照}}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A样品为样品在517 nm的吸光值;A空白为DPPH溶液换成无水乙醇溶液的吸光值;A对照为将样品换成超纯水的吸光值。
参考Yan等[17]的方法,将7 mmol/L的ABTS试剂与等体积的2.45 mmol/L的过硫酸钾溶液混合为ABTS母液,室温避光放置12~16 h。将ABTS母液用乙醇稀释,直至734 nm吸光值为0.70±0.02(工作液)。将1 mL湿凝胶样品直接制备于离心管中,并立即加入1 mL ABTS工作液,混匀后避光反应6 min。然后8000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液检测734 nm吸光值。计算公式如下:
$ {\text{ABTS}}^+\text{自由基清除率}( \text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{样品}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{空白}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{对照}}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A样品为样品在734 nm的吸光值;A空白为ABTS+溶液换成无水乙醇溶液的吸光值;A对照为将样品换成超纯水的吸光值。
参考Duan等[16]的方法,将1 mL湿凝胶样品直接制备于离心管中,依次添加1 mL的 FeSO4(6 mmol/L)溶液和1 mL的H2O2(6 mmol/L)溶液,摇匀,避光静置10 min。最后加入1 ml的水杨酸-乙醇(6 mmol/L)溶液,摇匀,37 ℃避光静置30 min。然后8000 r/min离心10 min,于510 nm处测定吸光值。计算公式如下:
$ \text{羟自由基清除率}(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{样品}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{空白}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{对照}}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A样品为样品在510 nm的吸光值;A空白为H2O2溶液换成超纯水的吸光值;A对照为将样品换成超纯水的吸光值。
实验数据用3次独立重复实验结果的平均值±标准差表示,采用SPSS Statistics 27软件进行方差分析,采用OMNIC软件处理红外数据,其他数据采用Origin 2021软件绘图。
如图1所示,Alg为液体状态。加入SCAP和Ca2+后,样品从液体变为固体状态,结构变得坚固。随着SCAP浓度的增加,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶颜色由半透明变为乳白色。实验结果表明,SCAP与Ca2+的引入不仅改善了Alg的凝胶状态,还改变了其颜色。
Alg微观结构为片状(图2A),有不均匀的孔。SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶表现为蜂窝状多孔结构。SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1的连接壁较厚且孔径较大(图2B)。相比之下,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3的连接壁最薄,孔最小(图2D)。随着SCAP浓度的提高,凝胶网络变得致密。因此,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶可作为载体负载和保护活性物质。
为探究SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶的成胶机制,本研究选取具有代表性的SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2进行深入分析。该中间浓度的选择基于前期实验发现制备的水凝胶均呈现相似变化规律,同时可避免极端浓度可能出现的边界效应。
对SCAP、Alg、SCAP/Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2进行FTIR分析(图3A)。SCAP的FTIR在3290和2927 cm−1处分别显示出特征吸收峰,其中3290 cm−1处的吸收峰归属于O-H键的伸缩振动,而2927 cm−1处的吸收峰则对应C-H键的伸缩振动[10]。根据Alg的FTIR可知,3265 cm−1的峰为O-H伸缩振动峰[18],1597和1408 cm−1处的吸收峰分别对应羧基的不对称伸缩和对称伸缩振动峰[19]。与SCAP及Alg相比,SCAP/Alg在2908 cm−1的峰变宽,这可能是由于分子间氢键相互作用增强所致。与SCAP/Alg相比,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2在1418 cm−1的峰发生了蓝移,可能是由于Alg中羧酸根(-COO−)与Ca2+形成离子键[20]。在3267 cm−1的峰发生轻微蓝移,可能是由于Alg的-COO−与Ca2+发生离子配位作用,削弱了分子内和分子间的氢键的形成[21]。实验结果表明,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶中可能存在离子键与氢键相互作用力。
为了进一步说明水凝胶中是否存在离子键,测定了SCAP、Alg、SCAP/Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2的Zeta电位。SCAP的Zeta电位为−19.69 mV(图3B),表明其为酸性多糖。Alg因含羧基也表现出负电位(−44.83 mV)。SCAP/Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2的Zeta电位分别为−21.34和−10.65 mV。与SCAP/Alg相比,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2的Zeta电位的绝对值降低,可能是由于-COO−与Ca2+形成离子键,中和了部分负电荷[22]。
为了进一步验证SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶体系中是否存在氢键和疏水相互作用力,将不同的解离试剂(尿素和SDS)添加到水凝胶中[11]。随着尿素浓度的增加(图3C),复合水凝胶从凝胶变为半凝胶状态。这可能是由于尿素会竞争性地与羟基和羧基基团形成新的氢键,打破水凝胶中原有的氢键,导致凝胶的三维网络结构瓦解。因此,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶中可能存在氢键相互作用力。SDS具有两亲性,可以破坏凝胶结构中的疏水交联点,导致三维空间结构崩溃[23]。在SDS浓度为5%时,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3均变为半凝胶状态(图3D),表明SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶中可能存在疏水相互作用力。因此,推测离子键、氢键和疏水相互作用可能是SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶形成的决定性因素。
图4展示了SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶形成过程示意图。首先,SCAP在NaOH溶液中变为结构松散的聚集体[24]。随后加入Alg,由于SCAP和Alg均含有羟基,且Alg还具有羧基,两者之间会通过氢键结合;同时,多糖聚集体间会形成疏水区域,从而诱导疏水相互作用力的形成[11]。将SCAP/Alg注射至1% CaCl2溶液后,Alg的羧基去质子化与Ca2+形成离子键,表现为“蛋盒”结构[25]。最后,由于离子键、氢键和疏水相互作用力的存在形成了多孔的三维网络结构。随着SCAP浓度增加,体系中羟基的数量相应增加,水凝胶会形成更多的交联点,从而形成更加致密的凝胶网络结构。
SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3的持水力分别为75.09%、85.80%和87.32%(图5)。随着SCAP浓度的增加,复合水凝胶持水力显著增强(P<0.05)。一方面,这可能是由于SCAP浓度的增加,水凝胶交联度增加,形成更致密的网络结构,可以更好地锁住水分[12];另一方面,SCAP含有大量的亲水基团(-OH、-COOH),可通过氢键作用结合水分子,提高复合水凝胶持水力[26]。
图6A为湿SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶的溶胀情况。在酸性条件下,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3的溶胀率分别为0.84%、1.95%和3.08%;而在碱性条件下,溶胀率分别为9.58%、23.58%和45.56%。冻干的SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶溶胀性如图6B所示。在pH为1.2和7.4时,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3表现出最高的溶胀率,分别为1677.55%和2479.82%。碱性条件SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3的溶胀率分别是酸性条件下的1.85倍、1.74倍和1.48倍。
实验表明,随着SCAP浓度的增加,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶的溶胀性显著增强(P<0.05)。这一趋势与Chu等[3]和Cai等[27]结果一致。此外,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶碱性条件的溶胀性显著高于酸性条件(P<0.05)。这是由于水凝胶体系中存在羧基,其在酸性条件下质子化,导致凝胶结构收缩;而在碱性条件下电离产生静电排斥,导致凝胶结构膨胀[13]。因此,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶具有pH溶胀响应性。
如图7A所示,随着温度升高,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶质量呈下降趋势。最终在600 ℃时,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3残余质量分别为66.24%、60.28%和51.82%,残留物可能是由无机盐和碳组成的[20]。SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶首次质量损失发生在88~90 ℃(图7B),这可能是由于水凝胶中游离水的蒸发所致[14]。SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3的第二次质量损失分别在270、250和240 ℃。这种现象可能是由于SCAP和Alg的分解和解聚[14]。400 ℃附近的质量损失则可能与热解产物进一步分解有关[28]。因此,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶具有较好的热稳定性。
实验结果显示,Alg与SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶的线性粘弹区应变上限均超过1%(图8A)。因此,选择1%应变进行振荡频率扫描实验,以确保振荡变形期间的结构完整性[6]。G'和G"分别代表水凝胶的弹性和粘性特性。在0.1~10 Hz时,Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶(图8B和图8C)的G'均大于G",说明水凝胶的弹性性能占主导[29]。与Alg相比,添加SCAP和Ca2+的水凝胶表现出更强的流变性能。在10 Hz时,Alg、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3的G'分别为455.33、11868.36、14717.18和17768.56 Pa。复合水凝胶的流变性随SCAP浓度增加而增强,这可能是由于高浓度的SCAP能够强化内部网络结构[15]并增加其抵抗形变的能力[30]。与文献[11]报道中碱溶性茯苓多糖水凝胶相比,本研究中水凝胶具有更优异的流变性。
如图8D所示,Alg在施加应变后其松弛模量由3.28 Pa迅速降低至0.83 Pa,而SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶在0~200 s内松弛模量由112.27 Pa降低至48.38 Pa,这可能是由于SCAP和Ca2+的引入增强了其凝胶网络结构,该结果与动态流变实验一致。此外,随着SCAP的浓度增加,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶的松弛模量由26.50 Pa增加到48.37 Pa (200 s时),呈现明显上升趋势。
SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶在人工胃液中消化2 h后,复合水凝胶结构保持完整,未见明显变化,且人工胃液始终保持澄清状态(图9),这种结构稳定性具有保护负载活性物质免受胃液影响的潜能。然而,将复合水凝胶转移至肠液消化2 h后,凝胶结构发生明显降解,同时人工肠液呈现浑浊现象,且随着制备内径(0.6~2.0 mm)的增加更为明显。该现象主要源于凝胶体系中富含pH响应基团(-COOH)[8],表明复合水凝胶在胃肠道环境中具有pH响应性。因此,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶可作为在胃肠道条件下响应性递送活性物质的载体,在食品工业中具有广阔的应用前景。
Alg、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-1、SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-2和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3的DPPH自由基清除率分别为6.95%、22.26%、22.65%和26.65%(图10A)。Alg和SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶都表现出对ABTS+自由基清除作用,其清除率都超过90%,其中SCAP/Alg/Ca2+-3的ABTS+清除率为99.85%(图10B)。这可能是由于SCAP、Alg与Ca2+交联网络三者间显著的协同增效作用,从而实现了近乎完全的自由基捕获效率。如图10C所示,随着SCAP浓度的增加,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶的·OH的清除能力略有增强但均无显著性差异,SCAP的浓度为3%时达到最高(98.88%)。
实验表明,Alg具有一定的抗氧化性,SCAP和Ca2+增强了复合水凝胶的抗氧化能力[30]。这可能是由于SCAP的羟基可作为氢供体,从而阻碍自由基链式反应[31]。因此,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶具有良好的抗氧化能力,为活性物质提供了理想的载体环境[32]。
本文探究了SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶成胶机制以及不同SCAP添加量对复合水凝胶的凝胶特性与抗氧化活性的影响。研究发现,Alg中引入的SCAP和Ca2+有效改善了SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶的外观和微观形貌,该复合水凝胶可能通过离子键、氢键和疏水相互作用力等作用力形成凝胶三维空间网络结构。随着SCAP浓度的增加,SCAP/Alg/Ca2+复合水凝胶的持水力、溶胀性、流变性和体外抗氧化性显著提升并表现出明显的pH响应行为。当前Alg复合水凝胶体系主要聚焦于机械性能的改善,功能相对单一。本研究通过Ca2+诱导Alg与SCAP复配,成功构建了兼具增强机械性能与优异抗氧化活性的复合水凝胶体系,为开发新型生物医学载体提供了新思路。然而,本研究对水凝胶的负载与控制释放性能及其在体内的实际效果尚未深入探讨,后续研究应着重考察其活性物质负载与控释行为,以推动该材料的实际应用转化。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080316
  • 接收时间:2025-08-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-29
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    1武汉轻工大学硒科学与工程现代产业学院,湖北武汉 430023
    2湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所国家食用菌加工技术研发分中心,湖北武汉 430064
    3农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,湖北武汉 430064

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殷朝敏(1987−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食用菌生物活性物质及产业化应用,E-mail:。
蔡杰(1987−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:碳水化合物资源的开发与利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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