Article(id=1320880558410940569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764691200000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852065899, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852065899, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852065899, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852065899, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=44, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880558587101338, articleId=1320880558410940569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of Brain Region Responses to "MáLà" Flavors Based on Electroencephalogram Technology, columnId=1320880408649118389, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Guest Editor Column—Frontiers and Applications of Food Flavor Perception‌ (Guest Editors: LIU Yuan, SUN Jinyuan, KOU Xingran, CHENG Huan; Industry Advisor: CHEN Li), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the neural response characteristics induced by high-preference "Málà" flavor stimuli using electroencephalography (EEG). First, the study optimized a high-preference "Málà" compound (1.21 mg/kg fagaramide, 5.25 mg/L capsaicin) using response surface methodology, and analyzed brain responses to single "Má", single "Là" and "MáLà" composite stimuli with EEG. The results indicated that the stimuli triggered an increase in brain activity amplitude, with overall response intensity following the order: "MáLà" composite>single "Là">single "Má". Regarding temporal dynamics, the neural response to the single "Má" stimulus occurred earlier than to the other two stimuli, although both of them showed a longer continuous response time. Frequency domain analysis revealed that the "MáLà" stimuli predominantly induced strong responses in the θ and α bands. In terms of spatial distribution, the "Má" stimulus primarily activated the prefrontal cortex, whereas the Là and "MáLà" composite stimuli mainly affected the frontal, occipital, and parietal lobes. Compared to the single "Má" stimulus, the single "Lá" stimulus and the "MáLà" composite stimulus elicited stronger alpha-band responses in the parietal and occipital lobes (P<0.05). Furthermore, time-frequency subtraction analysis confirmed the previous results. This research elucidated the brain activity patterns and frequency-domain features associated with highly preferred "MáLà" stimuli, providing a scientific foundation and technical framework for exploring the neural mechanisms of flavor perception and consumer preferences.

, authors=Wen QIAO1, 2, 3, Lei ZHAO2, 3, Bolin SHI2, 3, Houyin WANG2, 3, Wenxin WANG2, 3, Yake XIANG2, 3, Lihan ZHANG2, 3, Kai SU2, 3, Na WANG2, 3, Kui ZHONG2, 3, *, authorsList=Wen QIAO, Lei ZHAO, Bolin SHI, Houyin WANG, Wenxin WANG, Yake XIANG, Lihan ZHANG, Kai SU, Na WANG, Kui ZHONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Kui ZHONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880561850269869, articleId=1320880558410940569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于脑电图技术的麻辣风味脑区响应分析, columnId=1320880408842056375, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏—食品风味感知前沿与应用(客座主编:刘源、孙金沅、寇兴然、程焕;产业顾问:陈丽), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在利用脑电图(electroencephalography,EEG)技术揭示高喜好度麻辣风味刺激所引发的大脑感知响应特征。采用响应面法优化筛选出具有高喜好值的麻辣复合样品(花椒酰胺浓度1.21 mg/kg,辣椒素浓度5.25 mg/L),进一步利用EEG技术分析单麻、单辣及麻辣复合风味刺激引起的大脑感知响应。结果表明:麻辣风味引发相关脑区活动幅值升高,整体强度均值呈现麻辣复合>单辣>单麻;时域特性上,单麻刺激响应早,但单辣和麻辣复合刺激主要响应持续时间更长。频域特性上,麻辣刺激主要在θ频段和α频段表现出更强响应。脑区空间分布上,麻刺激主要影响额叶区,辣和麻辣复合刺激主要作用于额叶、顶叶和枕叶区。相比单麻样品,单辣和麻辣复合样在顶叶和枕叶区表现出更强的α频段响应(P<0.05)。麻辣刺激与对照组的时频差结果进一步验证了上述结果。本研究基于EEG技术探明了高喜好麻辣刺激的脑区活动模式及频段特征,为探究麻辣风味的神经感知和受试者偏好研究提供了科学依据和应用技术。

, authors=谯雯1, 2, 3, 赵镭2, 3, 史波林2, 3, 汪厚银2, 3, 王文欣2, 3, 项雅科2, 3, 张丽涵2, 3, 苏开2, 3, 王娜2, 3, 钟葵2, 3, *, authorsList=谯雯, 赵镭, 史波林, 汪厚银, 王文欣, 项雅科, 张丽涵, 苏开, 王娜, 钟葵, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=钟葵, authorNote=

谯雯(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品感官与风味分析,E-mail:

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钟葵(1979−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:感官分析与消费,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=n1RmSJzu1Zwwohf/QVBY8g==, magXml=ifpFVTQoR9vELxyMtmuokg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tzkwpXKzQ6AMFRPB4OZRtQ==, pdfFileSize=2568412, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3hu67oD8kfXDmtY5sQI8yw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=lbi51bKhRCvZNJo6zDSUAA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880562332614840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15348149578@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880562424889532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, authorId=1320880562332614840, language=EN, stringName=Wen QIAO, firstName=Wen, middleName=null, lastName=QIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Neuropsychologia, 2021, 153: 107767., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880562064179374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880562072567983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, companyId=1320880562064179374, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880562080956592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, companyId=1320880562064179374, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院,四川成都 610031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880562156454065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880562164842674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, companyId=1320880562156454065, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Institute of Agriculture and Biotechnology Standardization, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 102200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880562173231283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, companyId=1320880562156454065, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国标准化研究院农业与生物技术标准化研究所,北京 102200)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880562252923060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880562257117365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, companyId=1320880562252923060, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3The State Administration for Market Regulation Key Laboratory (Sensory Analysis of Food), Beijing 102200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880562265505974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, companyId=1320880562252923060, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品感官分析),北京 102200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880567399334143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Electrode resistance reduction situation, figureFileSmall=Cp9ZXdYruMDuQJgMNGGpLg==, figureFileBig=3hu67oD8kfXDmtY5sQI8yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880569068667136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=图1, caption=味觉脑电实验流程, figureFileSmall=Cp9ZXdYruMDuQJgMNGGpLg==, figureFileBig=3hu67oD8kfXDmtY5sQI8yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880569253216513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=EEG data preprocessing process, figureFileSmall=Ky38ELRvoZPjVHFCWKtGAQ==, figureFileBig=CKCN/aExIj53ry0y0Ojdbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880569345491202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=图2, caption=EEG数据预处理流程, figureFileSmall=Ky38ELRvoZPjVHFCWKtGAQ==, figureFileBig=CKCN/aExIj53ry0y0Ojdbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880569408405763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Time-domain waveforms and whole-brain average amplitude of different spicy and numbing stimuli, figureFileSmall=ZiiWYByJszK+LT9NlwkIrA==, figureFileBig=NDOUuKtU9GdCBcIQRB5sWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880569492291844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同麻辣刺激的时域波形图和全脑平均幅值

注:A:刺激后0~10 s内的时域波形图,B:0~1 s和0~10 s 4个样品的全脑平均幅值比较。

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注:A为随机选取的单个受试者在不同电极通道下的PSD结果,每条曲线代表一个电极通道;B为所有受试者对四种刺激的平均PSD结果,每条曲线代表对特定刺激的平均响应。

, figureFileSmall=dIqysIX5AmZVQ1dx5n+VwQ==, figureFileBig=fk/VDip7UXdkD+YzlanXiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880569836224777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Power spectral density topography of different samples and different brain regions, figureFileSmall=rmp2FtMpLvCKcy4f/4Hv/g==, figureFileBig=k1kr/YQX/bGn3bR4p2IIsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880569903333642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同样品不同脑区的功率谱密度地形图, figureFileSmall=rmp2FtMpLvCKcy4f/4Hv/g==, figureFileBig=k1kr/YQX/bGn3bR4p2IIsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880569970442507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Brain regional response amplitudes across different frequency bands under various stimuli, figureFileSmall=MvEhCrWmMCdqpgoc5KRZcA==, figureFileBig=EgbceRh9Pxb3iMXMGZPHLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880570050134284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同刺激在不同频段的脑区响应幅值图

注:A:θ频段的脑区响应幅值图,B:α频段的脑区响应幅值图;不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05),字母相同表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=MvEhCrWmMCdqpgoc5KRZcA==, figureFileBig=EgbceRh9Pxb3iMXMGZPHLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880570108854541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Verification and comparison of three time-frequency transformation methods: STFT, Morlet wavelet transform and Chronux multitaper, figureFileSmall=cCFgCYPPzFvKVPzSobDCWA==, figureFileBig=VA1+aYgKe6b0LReBUreCtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880570196934926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=图8, caption=STFT、Morlet小波变换、Chronux多锥形窗三种时频转换方法验证对比, figureFileSmall=cCFgCYPPzFvKVPzSobDCWA==, figureFileBig=VA1+aYgKe6b0LReBUreCtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880570272432399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Time-frequency differences across samples in the whole brain, figureFileSmall=vsfn2C9I0CNNP35Uq1i7GA==, figureFileBig=rwlLspCkqk8o2YWa4yr5EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880570343735568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同样品的全脑区响应的时频域差异图, figureFileSmall=vsfn2C9I0CNNP35Uq1i7GA==, figureFileBig=rwlLspCkqk8o2YWa4yr5EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880570406650129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample code and level information

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编码水平刺激样品
A麻感浓度(mg/kg)B辣感浓度(mg/L)
−10.322.50
01.596.26
12.8610.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320880570473758994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样品编码水平信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码水平刺激样品
A麻感浓度(mg/kg)B辣感浓度(mg/L)
−10.322.50
01.596.26
12.8610.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320880570536673555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Response surface experimental design levels and experimental results

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轮次编码水平喜好度均值
A麻感浓度B辣感浓度
1006.49
20−16.29
3006.16
4015.61
51−14.51
6104.95
7−115.20
8006.06
9−1−15.51
10006.45
11−106.04
12005.59
13114.10
), ArticleFig(id=1320880570603782420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面试验设计水平以及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轮次编码水平喜好度均值
A麻感浓度B辣感浓度
1006.49
20−16.29
3006.16
4015.61
51−14.51
6104.95
7−115.20
8006.06
9−1−15.51
10006.45
11−106.04
12005.59
13114.10
), ArticleFig(id=1320880570687668501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Statistical results of response surface experiment

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来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型6.0351.2111.860.00**
A(麻感浓度)1.7011.7016.690.00**
B(辣感浓度)0.3310.333.220.12
AB0.0010.000.020.88
A²2.1412.1421.030.00**
B²0.5010.504.900.06**
残差0.7170.10
失拟项0.1830.060.460.72
纯误差0.5340.13
总和6.7412
标准差0.32R²0.89
变异系数(%)5.68R2adj0.82
), ArticleFig(id=1320880570784137494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880558410940569, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

响应面试验的统计学结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型6.0351.2111.860.00**
A(麻感浓度)1.7011.7016.690.00**
B(辣感浓度)0.3310.333.220.12
AB0.0010.000.020.88
A²2.1412.1421.030.00**
B²0.5010.504.900.06**
残差0.7170.10
失拟项0.1830.060.460.72
纯误差0.5340.13
总和6.7412
标准差0.32R²0.89
变异系数(%)5.68R2adj0.82
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基于脑电图技术的麻辣风味脑区响应分析
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谯雯 1, 2, 3 , 赵镭 2, 3 , 史波林 2, 3 , 汪厚银 2, 3 , 王文欣 2, 3 , 项雅科 2, 3 , 张丽涵 2, 3 , 苏开 2, 3 , 王娜 2, 3 , 钟葵 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏—食品风味感知前沿与应用(客座主编:刘源、孙金沅、寇兴然、程焕;产业顾问:陈丽) 2026,47(18): 44-51
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏—食品风味感知前沿与应用(客座主编:刘源、孙金沅、寇兴然、程焕;产业顾问:陈丽) 2026 , 47 (18) : 44 -51
基于脑电图技术的麻辣风味脑区响应分析
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谯雯1, 2, 3 , 赵镭2, 3, 史波林2, 3, 汪厚银2, 3, 王文欣2, 3, 项雅科2, 3, 张丽涵2, 3, 苏开2, 3, 王娜2, 3, 钟葵2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院,四川成都 610031
  • 2中国标准化研究院农业与生物技术标准化研究所,北京 102200
  • 3国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品感官分析),北京 102200
通讯作者:
钟葵(1979−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:感官分析与消费,E-mail:。
作者简介:

谯雯(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品感官与风味分析,E-mail:

Analysis of Brain Region Responses to "MáLà" Flavors Based on Electroencephalogram Technology
Wen QIAO1, 2, 3 , Lei ZHAO2, 3, Bolin SHI2, 3, Houyin WANG2, 3, Wenxin WANG2, 3, Yake XIANG2, 3, Lihan ZHANG2, 3, Kai SU2, 3, Na WANG2, 3, Kui ZHONG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
  • 2Institute of Agriculture and Biotechnology Standardization, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 102200, China
  • 3The State Administration for Market Regulation Key Laboratory (Sensory Analysis of Food), Beijing 102200, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120004
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本研究旨在利用脑电图(electroencephalography,EEG)技术揭示高喜好度麻辣风味刺激所引发的大脑感知响应特征。采用响应面法优化筛选出具有高喜好值的麻辣复合样品(花椒酰胺浓度1.21 mg/kg,辣椒素浓度5.25 mg/L),进一步利用EEG技术分析单麻、单辣及麻辣复合风味刺激引起的大脑感知响应。结果表明:麻辣风味引发相关脑区活动幅值升高,整体强度均值呈现麻辣复合>单辣>单麻;时域特性上,单麻刺激响应早,但单辣和麻辣复合刺激主要响应持续时间更长。频域特性上,麻辣刺激主要在θ频段和α频段表现出更强响应。脑区空间分布上,麻刺激主要影响额叶区,辣和麻辣复合刺激主要作用于额叶、顶叶和枕叶区。相比单麻样品,单辣和麻辣复合样在顶叶和枕叶区表现出更强的α频段响应(P<0.05)。麻辣刺激与对照组的时频差结果进一步验证了上述结果。本研究基于EEG技术探明了高喜好麻辣刺激的脑区活动模式及频段特征,为探究麻辣风味的神经感知和受试者偏好研究提供了科学依据和应用技术。

麻辣风味  /  脑电图  /  感知  /  喜好度  /  响应面

This study investigated the neural response characteristics induced by high-preference "Málà" flavor stimuli using electroencephalography (EEG). First, the study optimized a high-preference "Málà" compound (1.21 mg/kg fagaramide, 5.25 mg/L capsaicin) using response surface methodology, and analyzed brain responses to single "Má", single "Là" and "MáLà" composite stimuli with EEG. The results indicated that the stimuli triggered an increase in brain activity amplitude, with overall response intensity following the order: "MáLà" composite>single "Là">single "Má". Regarding temporal dynamics, the neural response to the single "Má" stimulus occurred earlier than to the other two stimuli, although both of them showed a longer continuous response time. Frequency domain analysis revealed that the "MáLà" stimuli predominantly induced strong responses in the θ and α bands. In terms of spatial distribution, the "Má" stimulus primarily activated the prefrontal cortex, whereas the Là and "MáLà" composite stimuli mainly affected the frontal, occipital, and parietal lobes. Compared to the single "Má" stimulus, the single "Lá" stimulus and the "MáLà" composite stimulus elicited stronger alpha-band responses in the parietal and occipital lobes (P<0.05). Furthermore, time-frequency subtraction analysis confirmed the previous results. This research elucidated the brain activity patterns and frequency-domain features associated with highly preferred "MáLà" stimuli, providing a scientific foundation and technical framework for exploring the neural mechanisms of flavor perception and consumer preferences.

"MáLà" flavor  /  EEG  /  perception  /  preference  /  RSM
谯雯, 赵镭, 史波林, 汪厚银, 王文欣, 项雅科, 张丽涵, 苏开, 王娜, 钟葵. 基于脑电图技术的麻辣风味脑区响应分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120004
Wen QIAO, Lei ZHAO, Bolin SHI, Houyin WANG, Wenxin WANG, Yake XIANG, Lihan ZHANG, Kai SU, Na WANG, Kui ZHONG. Analysis of Brain Region Responses to "MáLà" Flavors Based on Electroencephalogram Technology[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120004
麻辣风味作为川菜的灵魂,在中国饮食文化中占据重要地位[1]。麻感主要来自花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.)中的不饱和脂肪酸酰胺类物质,其通过作用于双孔钾通道(包括KCNK3、KCNK9和KCNK18)抑制钾离子流,引发神经纤维高频放电,产生刺痛、麻木等感觉[2]。辣则源于辣椒中的辣椒素类物质,其通过激活瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)离子通道,产生类似高温灼热的痛觉信号[3]。因此,麻和辣并非传统意义上的味觉,而是一种复合了温度觉、痛觉和触觉的三叉神经感觉[3−4],当麻和辣组合时会产生一种超越单一风味的综合感官体验,且能诱发强烈的情感共鸣,在全球范围内广受欢迎[5]。然而,目前关于这类麻辣刺激在大脑中多模态整合机制的研究仍较为有限。
受试者测试常分为外显性和内隐性两种[6],尽管前者在食品工业中应用较为成熟,但受限于人类语言表达的滞后性与主观偏差,难以实时、客观地捕捉复杂化学刺激引起的中枢神经加工过程[7−8]。近年来神经科学方法被逐渐应用于受试者喜好和感知测试,通过测量受试者的内隐性和下意识响应,为受试者行为提供客观解释。脑电图(EEG)是一种非侵入性的电生理监测技术,通过头皮电极捕捉大脑神经元的同步电生理活动,具有毫秒级的时间分辨率优势[9−10],为揭示风味感知的神经机制提供了可能。目前EEG已用于探讨食物刺激对受试者偏好、购买行为以及大脑功能区域的潜在影响[11−13],Wang等[14]研究发现,相比等浓度的乙醇溶液,白酒激发了更强的大脑响应,酒精刺激主要激活顶枕叶区域,并表现出明显的δ和θ波响应[15]。目前,风味神经科学研究正从单一的基础味觉(甜、苦、咸等)向具有三叉神经刺激属性的复杂风味演进,旨在通过提取脑电特征来客观量化感官刺激与受试者情绪之间的关系。已有研究表明,辣椒素刺激了岛叶皮层处的味觉区域和自主神经,同步诱发了θ波响应[16],麻感刺激响应主要集中在δ、θ、α及β频段[17]。因此,从时间和频率维度探究麻辣刺激引发的脑区响应特征,不仅能弥补传统感官评价中“自我报告”的主观偏差,还能从生理层面解析“麻”与“辣”在感知过程中的交互作用(如协同或拮抗效应),建立起从“物质刺激”到“大脑感知”再到“行为决策”的完整链路,这对于精准调控食品风味、提升受试者感官愉悦度以及开发具有高情绪价值的食品具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。
本研究通过响应面设计筛选高喜好值的麻辣风味组合浓度,进一步采用EEG技术分析单麻、单辣和麻辣复合风味刺激的脑区响应过程,通过分析功率谱密度(PSD)及脑区激活特征,探讨麻辣风味对受试者脑区神经加工的影响。该研究有助于揭示麻辣风味的感知神经生理学效应和潜在认知机制,为麻辣风味嗜好形成及情绪激发研究提供理论技术支撑。
云南青花椒 利和味道食品产业股份有限公司;景田水 北京景田食品饮料有限公司;太平奶盐味苏打饼干 亿滋食品有限公司;剁椒酱 坛坛乡京东自营旗舰店;食品级羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和番茄酱 均购于当地超市;食品级酒精 余姚市隆欣食用酒精有限公司;吐温80 广东润华化工有限公司;食品级辣椒素 山西尚诺达生物科技有限公司;Nuprep磨砂膏 美国韦弗有限公司;Quik gel导电膏 澳大利亚NeuroMedical Supplies公司。
BT25S电子天平 瑞士梅特勒-托利多仪器(中国)有限公司;Neuroscan SynAmps2脑电放大器配合32导脑电信号采集分析系统 澳大利亚Neuroscan公司;C21-WK2102电磁炉 美的集团股份有限公司。
辣感提取物:准确称量0.03 g辣椒素,加入1.00 g吐温80,60 ℃下水浴10 min使辣椒素溶解,加入70 ℃热水定量转移至100 mL容量瓶,冷却至室温后定容,得到250.00 g/L的辣感母液。麻感提取物:以云南青花椒为原料制备麻感提取物,制备方法参考Chen等[18]所用方法进行提取物制备,得到50.00 g/L麻感母液。
基质样品:称取6.00 g羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC),加入250 mL初沸热水中快速搅拌至完全溶解,确保无可见沉淀或结块。将溶解完全的CMC溶液趁热加入1.50 g番茄酱与0.30 g剁椒酱,充分混匀后过滤去除剁椒固体颗粒,冷却后得到透明、无颗粒的测试液体基质。n=30受试者的成对差别检验结果表明,共有18名受试者认为基质样品辣感更强。查成对比较检验单边检验表中与n=30受试者相对应的一行和与a=0.05相对应的一列,可看出要判定两样品间存在显著差异的人数最少为20,18<20,故基质样品的辣感强度与纯CMC溶液没有显著差异(P>0.05),不会让受试者产生辣感关联。基质样品带有淡淡的调味料风味,这种利用调味料中的氨基酸、有机酸构建出的风味背景,相比纯水或单一CMC溶液,能够更真实模拟食用麻辣食物的感官体验,提升喜好测试结果的有效性和真实性。
使用中心复合试验设计(Central composite design,CCD)[19]进行麻辣样品浓度设置,以受试者喜好度作为y变量。预实验确定受试者喜好的麻和辣测试样品浓度的上下限。CCD模型包括13组实验,麻辣浓度设置见表1。采用方差分析与显著性检验评估模型准确性,并对最优组合进行验证。
分别向液体基质中加入不同量的麻感和辣感提取物达到设定浓度,搅拌均匀后分装于品评杯中,每杯装样10 mL,置于4 ℃冰箱凝固5 h以上,冷藏待用。测试前提前2 h取出,放置常温待其恢复测试温度(20±2 ℃)后再进行测试。样品编码采用三位随机编码。
通过社交媒体招募60名受试者(47名女性、26名男性,年龄22.1±5.3岁)进行测试。受试者无咀嚼吞咽功能障碍,可接受辛辣食物,测试前3个月未进行能量限制饮食,未服用影响味觉、嗅觉、咀嚼或唾液分泌功能的药物,均为非吸烟者。正式试验前均通过了基本的风味识别(酸、甜、苦、咸及辣味)测试,确保其感官功能处于正常范围,不存在味觉或三叉神经感知的迟钝或功能缺失。所有受试者实验前均了解实验内容,并签署了知情同意书。本实验过程遵循了《赫尔辛基宣言》,并已通过北京林业大学人文社会科学学院心理学系伦理审查委员会的审批,审批日期为2022年3月14日。
13个样品分为2个轮次,轮次间隔为1 h。受试者首先用景田水清口,再依次品尝样品,使用九点喜好标度(1=“非常不喜欢”到9=“非常喜欢”)进行样品喜好评分。样品按随机顺序呈现,样品间用景田水和苏打饼干清口,并休息7~10 min,确认口中无残留风味后再进行下一样品评价。问卷数据均通过APP Sense软件采集,所有实验在一周内同一时间段内完成。
在上述受试者中选取20名受试者(10名男性,10名女性)。要求受试者试验前一晚洗头并保证充足睡眠,试验当天不得使用香水或其他具有浓烈气味的化妆品,并在试验开始前1 h内禁食。正式实验前,首先向受试者详细说明实验流程,告知受试者实验过程中注意事项,包括受试者在测试过程中应保持放松,不抖腿不乱动,实验过程中需保持清醒状态,不要打瞌睡或闭上眼睛等。然后再进行一次预实验,以便受试者熟悉整个流程后,再开展正式实验。
基于响应面确定最优麻和辣提取物浓度,设置4个样品:对照样(Cond1)为纯基质,单麻样(Cond2)为基质加花椒酰胺提取物(浓度为1.21 mg/kg),单辣样(Cond3)为基质加辣感母液(浓度为5.25 g/L),麻辣复合样(Cond4)为基质加花椒酰胺提取物和辣感母液(浓度为1.21 mg/kg麻+5.25 g/L辣)。
受试者洗净头发并吹干,再佩戴脑电帽并涂抹导电膏。打开电源调试,确保每个电极电阻值在5 kΩ以下且电极之间没有串联。指导受试者进行眨眼和水平扫视等动作,当脑电实验软件中波形按照既定标准程序运行时,再记录脑电信号数据[20]。要求受试者闭眼并缓慢呼气,保持情绪稳定,实验流程如图1所示。脑电采集数据前,受试者先用纯净水清口,30 s闭眼静息,操作者用注射器将2 mL测试样品于3 s内送入受试者口中,保持溶液在受试者口腔中停留10 s后吐掉时再按空格键,等待5 min,受试者清口并适当休息。确认口中无样品残留风味后再开始下一次实验。整个测试过程中记录脑电信号,直至试验结束。按Cond1~Cond4顺序依次进行测试,测试结束后适当休息再重复Cond1~Cond4,共重复3次。
脑电信号采集时需在预处理阶段滤除眼电信号(EOG)、肌电信号(EMG)与工频干扰等。具体流程如图2所示,主要包括剔除无用电极、滤波、降采样、插值坏导、重参考、ICA去伪迹等[21]关键步骤。其中重参考选择A1电极;滤波设置高通0.1 Hz、低通30 Hz,且分开进行;采样率降为256 Hz。
时域分析:大脑对外部刺激诱发反应表现为特定波形和空间分布的电位变化,且大脑对诱发刺激的响应具有严格锁时和锁相关系。通过跨试次平均叠加的方法,可以获取事件相关电位(ERP)。
频域分析:编写Matlab R2023a程序对脑电信号进行功率谱密度(PSD)分析,将脑电信号从时域转换到频域,得到信号频率分布情况。使用Welch[22]方法估计脑电信号的PSD:首先对分段后的脑电信号进行去均值处理,以消除直流分量的影响。随后,使用汉明窗对信号进行加窗截断,窗长设为512个采样点(对应时长2 s),相邻时间窗之间设置50%的重叠率(即256个采样点重叠),以减少由于加窗造成的边缘信息丢失。对加窗后的每一段信号进行快速傅里叶变换,其中NFFT的点数设为512点,对应的频率分辨率为0.5 Hz,分析脑电信号各频段的频谱幅值。
根据前人研究将全脑电极划分为5个脑区,分别为额叶、左颞叶、右颞叶、顶叶和枕叶[23],作为进一步分析大脑对各种刺激反应的细微差异参考。
本研究使用Matlab R2023a中的EEGLAB工具包和其它通用函数进行脑电数据预处理、时频域分析及绘图,分组误差柱状图通过导出频域原始数据由Excel整理,Origin绘制。使用XLSTAT进行Kruskal-Wallis检验及组内多重成对比较。
麻辣响应面试验设计水平及喜好结果见表2,麻和辣的中等浓度组合是获得最佳受试者喜好值的关键。实验方差分析结果表明(表3),以喜好均值作为响应值,模型P<0.01表示模型具有统计学显著性;R2=0.89,R2adj=0.82,均接近于1;变异系数为5.68%(≤10%),失拟项P值为0.18(>0.05),影响不显著,表明模型具有较强可靠性,很好地解释了基于响应面设计的空间变化。获得最优喜好度的麻辣组合为:花椒酰胺浓度1.21 mg/kg,辣椒素浓度5.25 mg/L,此时预测喜好值为6.3。进一步开展同批受试者的验证测试,结果表明,验证组的总体喜好度为6.6,与预测最优值差异不显著(P>0.05),表明该预测模型合理可靠。
对EEG数据的事件相关电位(ERP)时域特征进行分析(图3)。测试期间,对照样Cond1的ERP波形幅值均保持一个较低水平,围绕0 μV上下轻微波动。3个麻辣样品均诱发较大幅度的脑电信号响应,麻辣复合样品(Cond4)的ERP幅值远高于单一麻辣样品(图3A)。单麻样(Cond2)的最高峰值响应在2000 ms左右,而单辣样(Cond3)和麻辣复合样(Cond4)的最高峰值响应持续在2000~5000 ms范围内。Cond3前1 s内响应幅值低于Cond2,但整个10 s平均幅值高于Cond2(图3B)。这一结果与张璐璐[17]结果一致,辣刺激的幅值增长高于麻刺激,推测可能与辣感(热痛觉)随时间变化的灼烧感及强度变化有关[4]。Cond4前1 s的响应幅值约为Cond2和Cond3之和的2倍,且整个10 s平均幅值也高于Cond2和Cond3之和。
利用ERP绘制给麻辣刺激后10 s内的大脑地形图,结果如图4所示。麻辣样品在整个10 s测试期间表现出较大的脑区电位活动差异[24]。静息期样品的大脑地形图响应幅度很小,Cond2在刺激早期500 ms时产生脑区响应,随时间延长,1000 ms后脑区电位活动强度增幅变化较缓。Cond3的脑区响应晚于Cond2,但电位活动强度增幅更快,持续时间更长,一直持续到5080 ms时仍保持一个高强度水平。Cond4整个刺激10 s内一直保持更高强度的脑区电位活动。此外,不同刺激样品引发的脑区响应区域也有较大差异。Cond2首先诱发枕叶区活动,随时间延长顶叶区电位活动逐渐增强。Cond3和Cond4的额叶、顶叶及枕叶均有响应。
功率谱密度(PSD)能够提供脑电信号在不同频率范围内的强度信息,识别脑电图信号的主要频段[25]。图5A显示了随机选择的一名受试者在0~10 s内对麻辣刺激的PSD活动特征图谱。结果表明,1~30 Hz频率范围内所有PSD通道均出现明显响应信号,低频段(约1 Hz)和中频段(约10 Hz)的活动幅值均较高,且10 Hz附近响应最为强烈。低频段功率集中在额叶和中央区域,而中频段功率在顶叶和枕叶区域表现更突出,表明这些频段在相应脑区的麻辣感知过程中表现活跃。采用Welch法构建所有受试者对不同刺激的PSD变化(图5B),曲线整体趋势与单个受试者的脑电信号趋势一致,最高的活动幅值集中在10 Hz附近。
图6中展示了所有受试者4个主要脑电频段(δ、θ、α、β)的PSD地形图,颜色编码从蓝色到红色,代表绝对功率(μV)逐渐增加。对于麻辣样品刺激,δ频段整体表现出较低功率,主要集中于额叶区,符合静息或闭眼状态的基础响应特征。θ频段整体表现出较高功率,主要集中于额叶区、顶叶和右枕叶区,通常表明积极的注意力和情绪处理,特别是与感觉冲突或认知负荷增加有关[26−27]。α频段同样整体表现出较高功率,主要集中于额叶、顶叶和枕叶区,降低常代表大脑皮层激活增强或紧张、警觉状态提高[24,28]。4个样品的β波功率整体呈现较弱的响应,主要集中在枕叶区。
纯麻与纯辣样分别对应于不同类型的感官激活:麻刺激更多影响前额及顶叶区(与认知调节、注意有关);辣刺激更多影响顶叶及枕叶区(与痛觉与情绪唤醒相关)[29],而麻辣复合刺激影响区域涵盖δ波和θ频段的额叶、顶叶和枕叶,β频段的枕叶,这对于决策和情绪处理等高级认知功能至关重要。前期研究表明,前额叶皮层通过与边缘系统(如杏仁核和海马体)的连接,与情绪调节密切相关;并且额叶区与枕叶区在高级认知功能、情绪调节以及感知控制与决策整合方面均发挥着关键作用[30]。
进一步对不同脑区(额叶、左颞叶、右颞叶、顶叶和枕叶)、不同频段的平均PSD变化展开研究,分析不同风味刺激诱发的大脑神经活动强度差异。图7结果表明3个风味样品显著提升大部分脑区的θ和α频段响应幅值(P<0.05)。θ频段在额叶区的响应幅值最高,θ波主要涉及情绪评估与认知控制过程,与额叶的高级功能区活跃度密切相关[31]。麻辣复合样品Cond4幅值显著高于Cond1,但与单麻和单辣样品没有显著差异(P>0.05)。表明脑区对于单麻辣样和复合麻辣样均是积极情绪响应,且彼此之间没有显著差异。作为整体幅值最高的频段,α频段表现出典型的额叶、顶叶和枕叶区优势,同时麻辣复合样Cond4在顶叶和枕叶区响应幅值显著高于单麻和单辣刺激(P<0.05),表明麻辣复合样品比单一样品更能显著激发感官愉悦体验,促进放松状态表现[32]。
时频分析能够揭示脑电等非平稳信号中频率成分随时间变化的动态特性。不同时频转换方法因其原理差异,会对结果的分辨率、抗噪能力和计算效率产生直接影响。为确保分析结果的可靠性与有效性,本研究对3种时频分析方法进行了系统对比验证,包括短时傅里叶变换(STFT)法[33]、Morlet小波变换法[34]以及Chronux多锥形窗法[35]。将相同EEG片段(时间:8~12 s,频率:10 Hz)通过3种方法生成时频功率矩阵。图8结果表明,STFT法表现出相对更好的时间频率分辨率以及较为平滑的高低频特征,同时相比Chronux法和Morlet小波变换法,在图像上没有明显的模糊或者分辨率的丢失现象。综合考虑信号特征、计算复杂度以及方法间一致性,最终选取STFT法用于后续高频脑电功率变化分析。
绘制麻辣样品的时频差异图,比较单麻辣样和麻辣复合样刺激与对照样在脑区诱发的神经振荡活动差异。图9结果表明,三种麻辣刺激主要时段在θ、α和β频段上具有较强的响应。从时间维度上分析,三种刺激在整个时间段上均有响应,Cond2响应最早,但前5 s只有少数时间段呈现较强响应,主要持续响应时间区间在6~10 s;Cond3和Cond4在整个时间段均呈现较强响应,且Cond4主要连续响应时间段早于Cond2和Cond3。因此,相比单麻和单辣样品,麻辣复合样品能够更早激发脑区的主要持续响应,同时单辣样品和复合样品的脑区激活持续时间也相对更长。
本研究通过响应面优化筛选出具有较优喜好值的麻辣复合刺激浓度配比,进一步采用内隐性EEG技术分析单一麻辣和复合麻辣风味引发的大脑感知响应。单麻、单辣刺激和复合麻辣刺激在脑区响应的时间、频率和脑区上表现出显著差异。单麻刺激的脑区响应早,但主要持续响应时间较滞后,且随时间延长幅值强度较为平稳。单辣刺激在2000 ms后呈现较为持续脑区响应,其主要持续响应开始的时间点也早于单麻刺激。复合麻辣刺激呈现出“起效快、幅值高、持续久”的特征。麻辣风味在θ和α频段上表现出较强响应,在脑区分布上,Cond2更偏向额叶,Cond3和Cond4更偏向额叶、顶叶和枕叶。本研究依托EEG技术,为从神经科学层面客观解析麻辣复杂风味的脑区感知机制提供了可靠的技术支撑和基础数据。本研究主要针对高喜好值的麻辣浓度所激发的脑区活动及特征频段,后期将结合受试者外显情绪响应数据以及更多不同喜好程度麻辣样品,开展深度关联分析,以明确麻辣风味外显情绪响应背后的内隐神经感知规律和机制。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120004
  • 接收时间:2025-12-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-03
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    1西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院,四川成都 610031
    2中国标准化研究院农业与生物技术标准化研究所,北京 102200
    3国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品感官分析),北京 102200

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钟葵(1979−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:感官分析与消费,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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