Article(id=1320880527524082170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070359, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753804800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852058534, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852058534, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852058534, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852058534, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=182, endPage=191, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880529101140476, articleId=1320880527524082170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation and Anti-fatigue Activity of Lycium barbarum Glycopeptide Complex Chewable Tablets, columnId=1320880529025643003, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Process Innovation and Intelligent Manufacturing, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to optimize the preparation of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets and investigate their potential anti-fatigue properties. Using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, optimal manufacturing parameters were identified based on tablets' appearance, flavor, taste and texture as a function of L. barbarum glycopeptide. The male KM mice were randomly divided into a blank group, model group, ginsenoside group (10 mg·kg-1), excipient group (400 mg·kg-1), low-dose Lycium barbarum glycopeptide compound chewable tablet group, and high-dose Lycium barbarum glycopeptide compound chewable tablet group (400, 1200 mg·kg-1). A fatigue model was established by restraint combined with forced swimming for 35 consecutive days, during which the samples were administered intragastrically. After 35 days of continuous administration, a forced swimming test was conducted, and the serum levels of urea nitrogen (BUN), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in gastrocnemius muscle and brain tissues were determined. Results showed that, the optimal tablet formulation was constituted of 29% L. barbarum glycopeptide, 17% raspberry fruit powder (sweetener), 1% sea buckthorn fruit powder (acidulant), and 1.5% magnesium stearate (lubricant). Under these conditions, the comprehensive score of the chewable tablets was 85.87±0.76 points, the average tablet weight was 0.345±0.006 g, and the weight variation limit was within5%; The average hardness was 79.364±2.83 N, all above 75 N, with moderate hardness; The friability of the chewable tablets was less than 1%. Mouse experimental results indicated that, compared with the model group, high formulation dose significantly reduced the immobility time during forced swimming (P<0.01), decreased serum BUN, LDH and CK and tissue MDA levels (P<0.01), increased serum 5-HT level, and boosted SOD and GSH-Px activities in both muscle and brain tissues (P<0.01). L. barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets alleviated physical fatigue induced by strenuous exercise through reduction of oxidative stress in muscle and brain tissues, modulation of neurotransmitters, and improvement of energy metabolism.

, authors=Jiangtao ZHAO1, Yujuan LI1, Xuyang SUN1, Yuyan PAN1, Yongjing YANG1, Fuxiu ZHANG2, Dejun ZHANG1, *, authorsList=Jiangtao ZHAO, Yujuan LI, Xuyang SUN, Yuyan PAN, Yongjing YANG, Fuxiu ZHANG, Dejun ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dejun ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880530304905734, articleId=1320880527524082170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的制备及抗疲劳活性的研究, columnId=1320880529201803773, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺创新与智能制造, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为优化枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的最佳制备工艺并初步探究其抗疲劳功效,本研究采用单因素与响应面试验方法,以咀嚼片外观、风味、口感和质地等为评价指标,筛选出最优制备工艺。将雄性KM小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、人参皂苷组(10 mg·kg−1)、辅料组(400 mg·kg−1)、枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片低剂量组和枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片高剂量组(400、1200 mg·kg−1)。通过束缚联合强迫游泳建立疲劳模型,持续35 d,同时灌胃给药。连续给药35 d后进行强迫游泳测试,检测血清中尿素氮(urea nitrogen,BUN)含量、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)和肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)活性。腓肠肌与脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。结果表明,枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的最佳配方工艺为枸杞糖肽添加量29%,树莓果粉(甜味剂)添加量为17%,沙棘果粉(酸味剂)添加量为1%,硬脂酸镁(润滑剂)添加量为1.5%,此条件下制得的咀嚼片感官评分为85.87±0.76分,平均片重为0.345±0.006 g,重量差异限度均在5%以内;平均硬度为79.364±2.83N,均为75 N以上,硬度适中;咀嚼片的脆碎度小于1%。动物实验结果显示,与模型组比较,枸杞糖肽咀嚼片高剂量组可以显著缩短强迫游泳过程中小鼠的不动时间(P<0.01),显著降低血清BUN、CK、LDH、腓肠肌及脑组织MDA含量(P<0.01),提高5-HT水平,并增强腓肠肌和脑组织中SOD和GSH-Px活力(P<0.01)。枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的制备工艺稳定可行,该制剂可能通过调节神经递质、改善多组织氧化应激及能量代谢等多途径协同缓解剧烈运动引起的疲劳。

, authors=赵江涛1, 李玉娟1, 孙旭阳1, 潘雨燕1, 杨永晶1, 张富秀2, 张得钧1, *, authorsList=赵江涛, 李玉娟, 孙旭阳, 潘雨燕, 杨永晶, 张富秀, 张得钧, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张得钧, authorNote=

赵江涛(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张得钧(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发,E-mail:。
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赵江涛(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发,E-mail:

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赵江涛(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发,E-mail:

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注:“*”表示与模型组相比,空白组P<0.05,差异显著;**表示P<0.01,差异极显著。

, figureFileSmall=X9DCcDLjoJgn/ssjixgoXw==, figureFileBig=zjdgJcL7QiFeJF5CeXjxKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880535832998470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets on the morphology of mouse hippocampal tissue (HE, 200×, 400×), figureFileSmall=jR+NZDTNhCD2HFVYIx8YVA==, figureFileBig=I+A4lv/zzeTX5AfB1K6gyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880535916884551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=图4, caption=枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片对小鼠海马组织形态的影响(HE,200×、400×)

注:NC:空白组;MC:模型组;RC:Rg1组;LC:L-LBPgC组;HC:H-LBPgC组;EC:辅料组。

, figureFileSmall=jR+NZDTNhCD2HFVYIx8YVA==, figureFileBig=I+A4lv/zzeTX5AfB1K6gyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880535979799112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Levels of factors in response surface experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A枸杞糖肽(%)B甜味剂(%)C酸味剂(%)D润滑剂(%)
126140.51
0291711.5
−132201.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320880536059490889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验因素水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A枸杞糖肽(%)B甜味剂(%)C酸味剂(%)D润滑剂(%)
126140.51
0291711.5
−132201.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320880536122405450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评分项目评分标准分值(分)
外观
(0~15)
色泽均匀、形态完整、表面光滑,边缘整齐
色泽较均匀、形态较完整、表面较光滑,边缘较整齐
色泽不均匀、形态不完整、表面不光滑,边缘不整齐
11~15
6~10
0~5
风味
(0~30)
枸杞特有风味适中,酸甜适中
枸杞特有风味略重或略淡,酸甜略酸或略甜
枸杞特有风味过重或过淡,酸甜过酸或过甜
21~30
11~20
0~10
口感
(0~30)
口感细滑,无粗糙感,无颗粒感
口感较细滑,略有粗糙感,有轻微颗粒感
口感粗糙,颗粒感明显
21~30
11~20
0~10
质地
(0~25)
硬度适中,结构细密均匀
稍硬或稍软,结构较均匀
过硬或过软,结构不均匀
18~25
9~17
0~8
), ArticleFig(id=1320880537783349835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片感官评定标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评分项目评分标准分值(分)
外观
(0~15)
色泽均匀、形态完整、表面光滑,边缘整齐
色泽较均匀、形态较完整、表面较光滑,边缘较整齐
色泽不均匀、形态不完整、表面不光滑,边缘不整齐
11~15
6~10
0~5
风味
(0~30)
枸杞特有风味适中,酸甜适中
枸杞特有风味略重或略淡,酸甜略酸或略甜
枸杞特有风味过重或过淡,酸甜过酸或过甜
21~30
11~20
0~10
口感
(0~30)
口感细滑,无粗糙感,无颗粒感
口感较细滑,略有粗糙感,有轻微颗粒感
口感粗糙,颗粒感明显
21~30
11~20
0~10
质地
(0~25)
硬度适中,结构细密均匀
稍硬或稍软,结构较均匀
过硬或过软,结构不均匀
18~25
9~17
0~8
), ArticleFig(id=1320880537858847308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of response surface methodology for the formulation of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号A:枸杞糖肽
(%)
B:甜味剂
(%)
C:酸味剂
(%)
D:润滑剂
(%)
Y:感官评分
(分)
132170.51.574.0
2321411.574.0
329201176.4
426171175.9
5291711.586.7
6261411.574.5
7291711.588.4
832171173.0
929201277.1
1029170.5275.3
11291711.586.9
1229171.5276.4
1329141177.2
1432171275.0
1526171.51.573.9
1629201.51.577.2
17322011.574.1
18262011.576.3
19291711.587.1
2029200.51.574.0
2129141275.6
2229140.51.576.1
2326171273.8
2426170.51.573.3
2529171.5174.0
2629170.5178.3
2729141.51.574.7
2832171.51.573.0
29291711.587.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320880537942733389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片配方响应面试验分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号A:枸杞糖肽
(%)
B:甜味剂
(%)
C:酸味剂
(%)
D:润滑剂
(%)
Y:感官评分
(分)
132170.51.574.0
2321411.574.0
329201176.4
426171175.9
5291711.586.7
6261411.574.5
7291711.588.4
832171173.0
929201277.1
1029170.5275.3
11291711.586.9
1229171.5276.4
1329141177.2
1432171275.0
1526171.51.573.9
1629201.51.577.2
17322011.574.1
18262011.576.3
19291711.587.1
2029200.51.574.0
2129141275.6
2229140.51.576.1
2326171273.8
2426170.51.573.3
2529171.5174.0
2629170.5178.3
2729141.51.574.7
2832171.51.573.0
29291711.587.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538014036558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Significance testing of regression coefficients for the formulation for Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型661.29241447.235296.8265<0.0001**
A1.763311.76333.61460.0781
B0.7510.751.53740.2354
C0.2710.270.55350.4692
D0.213310.21330.43730.5192
AB0.722510.72251.4810.2437
AC0.6410.641.31190.2712
AD4.202514.202 58.61460.0109*
BC5.2915.2910.84390.0053**
BD1.322511.322 52.7110.1219
CD7.2917.2914.94360.0017**
A2358.971358.97735.8455<0.0001**
B2188.38781188.3878386.1724<0.0001**
C2254.52831254.5283521.7526<0.0001**
D2181.46131181.4613371.974<0.0001**
残差6.8297140.4878
失拟项5.0217100.50221.1110.5006不显著
纯误差1.80840.452
总和668.122128
R2=0.9898R2Adj=0.9796
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538081145423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片配方回归方程系数检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型661.29241447.235296.8265<0.0001**
A1.763311.76333.61460.0781
B0.7510.751.53740.2354
C0.2710.270.55350.4692
D0.213310.21330.43730.5192
AB0.722510.72251.4810.2437
AC0.6410.641.31190.2712
AD4.202514.202 58.61460.0109*
BC5.2915.2910.84390.0053**
BD1.322511.322 52.7110.1219
CD7.2917.2914.94360.0017**
A2358.971358.97735.8455<0.0001**
B2188.38781188.3878386.1724<0.0001**
C2254.52831254.5283521.7526<0.0001**
D2181.46131181.4613371.974<0.0001**
残差6.8297140.4878
失拟项5.0217100.50221.1110.5006不显著
纯误差1.80840.452
总和668.122128
R2=0.9898R2Adj=0.9796
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538148254288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Content determination of physicochemical indicators in Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目检测值
平均片重(g)0.345±0.006
平均硬度(N)79.364±2.830
脆碎度(%)0.129±0.030
水分(g·100 g−1)2.30
灰分(%)3.89
铬(mg·kg−1)未检出
汞(以Hg计)(mg·kg−1)未检出
铅(以Pb计)(mg·kg−1)未检出
砷(以As计)(mg·kg−1)未检出
铬(以Cd计)(mg·kg−1)0.014
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538211168849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片理化指标含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目检测值
平均片重(g)0.345±0.006
平均硬度(N)79.364±2.830
脆碎度(%)0.129±0.030
水分(g·100 g−1)2.30
灰分(%)3.89
铬(mg·kg−1)未检出
汞(以Hg计)(mg·kg−1)未检出
铅(以Pb计)(mg·kg−1)未检出
砷(以As计)(mg·kg−1)未检出
铬(以Cd计)(mg·kg−1)0.014
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538274083410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Microbial limit testing of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目检测值
菌落总数(CFU·g−1)5.1×102
大肠菌群(CFU·g−1)3.89
霉菌和酵母菌(CFU·g−1)<10
沙门氏菌(CFU·g−1)未检出
志贺氏菌(CFU·g−1)未检出
金黄色葡萄球菌(CFU·g−1)<10
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538332803667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片微生物指标含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目检测值
菌落总数(CFU·g−1)5.1×102
大肠菌群(CFU·g−1)3.89
霉菌和酵母菌(CFU·g−1)<10
沙门氏菌(CFU·g−1)未检出
志贺氏菌(CFU·g−1)未检出
金黄色葡萄球菌(CFU·g−1)<10
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538391523924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Effects of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets on behavioral parameters in fatigue-induced mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量(mg∙kg−1)不动时间(s)
Control129.75±21.47
Model196.88±18.71**
Rg110160.13±19.87*##
EC400188.25±13.77**
L-LBPgC400145.50±19.58##
H-LBPgC1200132.88±20.81##
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538462827093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片对疲劳小鼠行为学指标的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量(mg∙kg−1)不动时间(s)
Control129.75±21.47
Model196.88±18.71**
Rg110160.13±19.87*##
EC400188.25±13.77**
L-LBPgC400145.50±19.58##
H-LBPgC1200132.88±20.81##
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538538324566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Effects of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets on CK, LDH, and BUN levels in serum of mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别CK(U∙mL−1)LDH(U∙L−1)BUN(U∙mL−1)
Control0.86±0.06410.13±28.331.61±0.12
Model1.44±0.85**773.72±54.73**2.18±0.14**
Rg10.92±0.13##571.69±34.03**1.72±0.07##
EC1.20±0.07**591.26±66.61**1.90±0.12*
L-LBPgC1.06±0.04**##514.62±41.67##1.90±0.15*
H-LBPgC0.91±0.13##481.87±40.80##1.62±0.11##
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538592850519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片对小鼠血清中CK、LDH和BUN水平的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别CK(U∙mL−1)LDH(U∙L−1)BUN(U∙mL−1)
Control0.86±0.06410.13±28.331.61±0.12
Model1.44±0.85**773.72±54.73**2.18±0.14**
Rg10.92±0.13##571.69±34.03**1.72±0.07##
EC1.20±0.07**591.26±66.61**1.90±0.12*
L-LBPgC1.06±0.04**##514.62±41.67##1.90±0.15*
H-LBPgC0.91±0.13##481.87±40.80##1.62±0.11##
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538659959384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Effects of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets on SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px levels in gastrocnemius muscle of mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SOD
(U∙mg prot−1)
MDA
(nmol∙mg prot−1)
GSH-Px
(U∙mg prot−1)
Control91.68±6.3518.08±2.37189.20±30.88
Model62.46±9.07**29.13±1.82**53.75±15.54**
Rg175.17±23.0820.43±1.79##104.11±25.52**##
EC68.08±6.31**23.76±1.72**##81.91±21.36**
L-LBPgC79.44±8.6320.67±1.06##107.62±20.72**##
H-LBPgC89.82±10.88##18.67±1.61##176.40±39.76##
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538722873945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片对小鼠腓肠肌中SOD、MDA和GSH-Px的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SOD
(U∙mg prot−1)
MDA
(nmol∙mg prot−1)
GSH-Px
(U∙mg prot−1)
Control91.68±6.3518.08±2.37189.20±30.88
Model62.46±9.07**29.13±1.82**53.75±15.54**
Rg175.17±23.0820.43±1.79##104.11±25.52**##
EC68.08±6.31**23.76±1.72**##81.91±21.36**
L-LBPgC79.44±8.6320.67±1.06##107.62±20.72**##
H-LBPgC89.82±10.88##18.67±1.61##176.40±39.76##
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538810954330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Effects of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets on SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px levels in brain tissue of mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SOD
(U∙mg prot−1)
MDA
(nmol∙mg prot−1)
GSH-Px
(U∙mg prot−1)
Control53.03±3.638.51±0.70147.71±24.10
Model31.15±3.99**12.20±1.82**36.93±10.68**
Rg137.12±4.91**9.89±0.86*##70.02±16.23*
EC34.39±4.07**9.99±1.04*##52.37±13.66**
L-LBPgC41.69±4.6310.43±0.61**##76.14±14.67
H-LBPgC46.61±4.89##8.96±0.71##125.60±18.55##
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538894840411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片对小鼠脑组织中SOD、MDA和GSH-Px的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SOD
(U∙mg prot−1)
MDA
(nmol∙mg prot−1)
GSH-Px
(U∙mg prot−1)
Control53.03±3.638.51±0.70147.71±24.10
Model31.15±3.99**12.20±1.82**36.93±10.68**
Rg137.12±4.91**9.89±0.86*##70.02±16.23*
EC34.39±4.07**9.99±1.04*##52.37±13.66**
L-LBPgC41.69±4.6310.43±0.61**##76.14±14.67
H-LBPgC46.61±4.89##8.96±0.71##125.60±18.55##
), ArticleFig(id=1320880538974532188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Effects of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets on 5-HT, CORT, and BDNF levels in serum and brain tissue of mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别5-HT(ng∙mL−1)BDNF(pg∙mL−1)CORT(ng∙mL−1)
Control58.16±14.33541.57±24.58152.00±12.58
Model26.68±3.18**219.90±13.04**243.91±33.90**
Rg151.60±7.63##313.66±30.30**##194.06±29.42
EC32.84±2.07*##242.86±21.27**227.67±18.49**
L-LBPgC38.46±2.78##429.69±20.71**##219.28±34.22*
H-LBPgC54.59±9.01##480.58±34.24**##165.76±27.38##
), ArticleFig(id=1320880539062612573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880527524082170, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片对小鼠血清中5-HT、CORT和脑组织BDNF水平的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别5-HT(ng∙mL−1)BDNF(pg∙mL−1)CORT(ng∙mL−1)
Control58.16±14.33541.57±24.58152.00±12.58
Model26.68±3.18**219.90±13.04**243.91±33.90**
Rg151.60±7.63##313.66±30.30**##194.06±29.42
EC32.84±2.07*##242.86±21.27**227.67±18.49**
L-LBPgC38.46±2.78##429.69±20.71**##219.28±34.22*
H-LBPgC54.59±9.01##480.58±34.24**##165.76±27.38##
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枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的制备及抗疲劳活性的研究
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赵江涛 1 , 李玉娟 1 , 孙旭阳 1 , 潘雨燕 1 , 杨永晶 1 , 张富秀 2 , 张得钧 1, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺创新与智能制造 2026,47(18): 182-191
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食品工业科技 |工艺创新与智能制造 2026 , 47 (18) : 182 -191
枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的制备及抗疲劳活性的研究
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赵江涛1 , 李玉娟1, 孙旭阳1, 潘雨燕1, 杨永晶1, 张富秀2, 张得钧1, *
作者信息
  • 1青海大学生态环境工程学院,青海西宁 810016
  • 2青海省交通医院,青海西宁 810000
通讯作者:
张得钧(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

赵江涛(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发,E-mail:

Preparation and Anti-fatigue Activity of Lycium barbarum Glycopeptide Complex Chewable Tablets
Jiangtao ZHAO1 , Yujuan LI1, Xuyang SUN1, Yuyan PAN1, Yongjing YANG1, Fuxiu ZHANG2, Dejun ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
  • 2Qinghai Provincial Traffic Hospital, Xining 810000, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070359
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为优化枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的最佳制备工艺并初步探究其抗疲劳功效,本研究采用单因素与响应面试验方法,以咀嚼片外观、风味、口感和质地等为评价指标,筛选出最优制备工艺。将雄性KM小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、人参皂苷组(10 mg·kg−1)、辅料组(400 mg·kg−1)、枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片低剂量组和枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片高剂量组(400、1200 mg·kg−1)。通过束缚联合强迫游泳建立疲劳模型,持续35 d,同时灌胃给药。连续给药35 d后进行强迫游泳测试,检测血清中尿素氮(urea nitrogen,BUN)含量、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)和肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)活性。腓肠肌与脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。结果表明,枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的最佳配方工艺为枸杞糖肽添加量29%,树莓果粉(甜味剂)添加量为17%,沙棘果粉(酸味剂)添加量为1%,硬脂酸镁(润滑剂)添加量为1.5%,此条件下制得的咀嚼片感官评分为85.87±0.76分,平均片重为0.345±0.006 g,重量差异限度均在5%以内;平均硬度为79.364±2.83N,均为75 N以上,硬度适中;咀嚼片的脆碎度小于1%。动物实验结果显示,与模型组比较,枸杞糖肽咀嚼片高剂量组可以显著缩短强迫游泳过程中小鼠的不动时间(P<0.01),显著降低血清BUN、CK、LDH、腓肠肌及脑组织MDA含量(P<0.01),提高5-HT水平,并增强腓肠肌和脑组织中SOD和GSH-Px活力(P<0.01)。枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的制备工艺稳定可行,该制剂可能通过调节神经递质、改善多组织氧化应激及能量代谢等多途径协同缓解剧烈运动引起的疲劳。

枸杞糖肽  /  咀嚼片  /  制备工艺  /  响应面优化  /  氧化应激  /  抗疲劳活性

This study aimed to optimize the preparation of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets and investigate their potential anti-fatigue properties. Using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, optimal manufacturing parameters were identified based on tablets' appearance, flavor, taste and texture as a function of L. barbarum glycopeptide. The male KM mice were randomly divided into a blank group, model group, ginsenoside group (10 mg·kg-1), excipient group (400 mg·kg-1), low-dose Lycium barbarum glycopeptide compound chewable tablet group, and high-dose Lycium barbarum glycopeptide compound chewable tablet group (400, 1200 mg·kg-1). A fatigue model was established by restraint combined with forced swimming for 35 consecutive days, during which the samples were administered intragastrically. After 35 days of continuous administration, a forced swimming test was conducted, and the serum levels of urea nitrogen (BUN), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in gastrocnemius muscle and brain tissues were determined. Results showed that, the optimal tablet formulation was constituted of 29% L. barbarum glycopeptide, 17% raspberry fruit powder (sweetener), 1% sea buckthorn fruit powder (acidulant), and 1.5% magnesium stearate (lubricant). Under these conditions, the comprehensive score of the chewable tablets was 85.87±0.76 points, the average tablet weight was 0.345±0.006 g, and the weight variation limit was within5%; The average hardness was 79.364±2.83 N, all above 75 N, with moderate hardness; The friability of the chewable tablets was less than 1%. Mouse experimental results indicated that, compared with the model group, high formulation dose significantly reduced the immobility time during forced swimming (P<0.01), decreased serum BUN, LDH and CK and tissue MDA levels (P<0.01), increased serum 5-HT level, and boosted SOD and GSH-Px activities in both muscle and brain tissues (P<0.01). L. barbarum glycopeptide complex chewable tablets alleviated physical fatigue induced by strenuous exercise through reduction of oxidative stress in muscle and brain tissues, modulation of neurotransmitters, and improvement of energy metabolism.

Lycium barbarum glycopeptide  /  chewable tablets  /  preparation process  /  response surface optimization  /  oxidative stress  /  anti-fatigue activity
赵江涛, 李玉娟, 孙旭阳, 潘雨燕, 杨永晶, 张富秀, 张得钧. 枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的制备及抗疲劳活性的研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 182 -191 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070359
Jiangtao ZHAO, Yujuan LI, Xuyang SUN, Yuyan PAN, Yongjing YANG, Fuxiu ZHANG, Dejun ZHANG. Preparation and Anti-fatigue Activity of Lycium barbarum Glycopeptide Complex Chewable Tablets[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 182 -191 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070359
慢性疲劳综合征(Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,CFS)是一种以长期持续的重度疲劳为特征的多系统疾病,无法通过休息缓解,导致CFS的病因包括免疫系统紊乱、神经内分泌异常和长期剧烈运动等[1-2]。当机体处于持续高强度运动或应激状态时,线粒体内活性氧(ROS)的过量产生会破坏氧化与抗氧化的动态平衡,导致生物膜脂质过氧化、蛋白质功能异常及DNA损伤,进而引发代谢紊乱和细胞功能障碍[3−6]。这一过程伴随多项生化指标的显著改变,包括肝糖原与肌糖原耗竭、蛋白质分解、血清尿素氮(BUN)积累,以及肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)等疲劳标志酶活性的异常升高。根据CFS患者的研究显示,CFS与抑郁高度相关[7],并伴有睡眠障碍、记忆力下降和认知障碍等症状。有研究发现,5-羟色胺(5-HT)通过激活5-HT1A受体促进神经营养因子(BDNF)合成,而BDNF缺乏进一步削弱5-HT神经元功能,BDNF是维持神经元可塑性和功能的关键因子,抑郁模型大鼠的海马BDNF mRNA表达显著减少,而抗抑郁治疗能提升BDNF水平,同时改善疲劳和抑郁行为[8−10]。刘雅娜等[5]研究已证实沙棘多糖具备抗运动性疲劳作用,此外,亦有研究表明枸杞多糖能通过其抗氧化活性发挥类似功效[3,6]。传统化学药物干预存在依赖性和代谢负担等风险,而天然植物多糖因其多靶点调节能力和高安全性[11−13],成为抗疲劳功能食品开发的选择之一。
柴达木枸杞(Lycium barbarum L. from Qaidam Basin)属于茄科枸杞属灌木植物,产自柴达木盆地,是我国重要的药食同源植物[14]。作为青藏高原的传统药用植物,在藏医药体系中已被用于缓解缺氧性疲劳,相关应用明确记载于藏药经典《晶珠本草》[15−17]。枸杞中的活性成分主要有多糖、生物碱、类胡萝卜素、氨基酸、维生素以及甜菜碱等[18-19],而柴达木枸杞中多糖、类胡萝卜素等活性成分含量高于普通枸杞[20-21],枸杞糖肽(Lycium barbarum glycopeptide,LbGP),是枸杞多糖中进一步分离、提取得到糖蛋白复合物[22],是枸杞中主要的活性成分之一。现代药理学证实,LbGP具有提高机体免疫功能、抗氧化、保护心肌细胞、抗衰老、缓解压力和神经保护等多方面作用[23−25]。
咀嚼片在食品、药品和保健品中应用广泛,有咀嚼后便于吸收和吞咽,节约崩解时间[26−28]的优势。刘漫等[4]根据保元汤组方药味化学成分的特性,制得具有抗疲劳活性的保元咀嚼片。周扬等[29]以石斛和粉葛为原料,湿法造粒压片制成咀嚼片。孙正霄等[30]研发了具有抗氧化活性的枸杞咀嚼片。故采用咀嚼片形式,有口感上佳、方便服用、容易携带等优势。本文通过响应面试验优化配比,以LbGP为主药,分析枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片与辅料的最佳配比,同时通过动物实验以及生化指标综合评价枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的抗疲劳效果。本研究旨在深入探索枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的抗疲劳功效,在研发高效稳定的咀嚼片剂型的同时,促进青海柴达木枸杞特色资源的开发利用。
枸杞干果 产自柴达木地区;沙棘果粉 青海康普生物科技有限公司;树莓鲜果 青海树莓农业产业化有限公司;果胶酶(3000 U/g)、纤维素酶(20000 U/g)、木瓜蛋白酶(100000 U/g)、微晶纤维素(纯度为6.8%~8.3%)、硬脂酸镁(纯度≥97%) 深圳市佳禾旭日商贸有限公司;AB-8大孔吸附树脂 南京杜莱生物技术有限公司;人参皂苷Rg1(纯度≥98%) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;尿素氮试剂盒(BUN)、乳酸脱氢酶试剂盒(LDH)、肌酸激酶试剂盒(CK)、超氧化物歧化酶试剂盒(SOD)、丙二醛试剂盒(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶试剂盒(GSH-Px) 南京建成生物工程研究所,批号分别为20241031、20241029、20241022、20241031、20241029、20241030;QuicKey Pro-小鼠皮质酮(CORT)酶联免疫吸附测定ELISA试剂盒、小鼠脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)酶联免疫吸附测定ELISA试剂盒 武汉伊莱瑞特生物科技股份有限公司,货号分别为E-EL-M0203、E-OSEL-M0001;雄性SPF级KM小鼠 48只,8周龄,体质量38~40 g,由重庆腾鑫生物技术有限公司西安分公司提供,动物生产许可证号:SYXK(京)2024-0001,所有实验经过青海大学科技伦理委员会批准,动物实验伦理编号:SL-2023062。SPF级小鼠饲料购自重庆腾鑫生物技术有限公司西安分公司。小鼠饲养于SPF级环境中,自由进食和饮水,室温24±2 ℃,每12 h明暗循环。
DK-600A电热恒温水槽 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;ML2203电子天平 厦门莱斯德科学仪器有限公司;UT-500B冷冻干燥机 东京理化器械株式会社;Multiskan™FC酶标仪 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;SHZ-D真空抽滤装 自上海霓玥仪器有限公司;BCD-346冰箱 海尔集团;ZP-9旋转式压片机 长沙市中南制药机械厂。
根据课题组前期优化的最佳工艺提取枸杞多糖[31],并稍作修改。枸杞在室内阴干,将枸杞与蒸馏水按照1:25 g·mL−1的料液比混合浸泡8 h后,匀浆,加入2.7%(占枸杞质量)复合酶(纤维素酶、果胶酶和木瓜蛋白酶活力比为1:1:0.5),酶解40 min后灭活。过滤,离心(8 000 r/min,离心5 min),收集上清液。将上清液与大孔吸附树脂AB-8按照24:1 mL·g−1的液料比混合,摇床振荡4 h,过滤,收集上清液。将上清液用500~1000 Da的透析膜透析24 h,所得保留液经冷冻干燥后,得枸杞糖肽[32]。
枸杞糖肽(主药)+树莓果粉(甜味剂)+沙棘果粉(酸味剂)→加入填充剂→制软材→过筛→干燥→加入润滑剂→充分研磨→压片→成品
枸杞糖肽、树莓果粉和沙棘果粉分别过筛(100目),过筛后按照配比添加混匀,加入填充剂微晶纤维素,喷洒少量食品级乙醇(60%),再次进行混匀,使其达到捏之成团,触之即散的效果,50 ℃干燥40 min后加入润滑剂,充分研磨混匀,直接压片得到枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片。
固定枸杞糖肽添加量为32%,甜味剂添加量为20%,酸味剂添加量为1.5%,润滑剂添加量为2%,剩余部分用填充剂微晶纤维素进行填充。分别探究不同主药(枸杞糖肽)添加量(26%、29%、32%、35%和38%),甜味剂添加量(14%、17%、20%、23%和26%),酸味剂添加量(0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%和2.5%)以及润滑剂添加量(1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%和3%)对复配咀嚼片感官品质的影响(重复三次)。以结合枸杞糖肽咀嚼片外观、口感、质地和风味的感官评分为指标,最终确定枸杞糖肽(A)、甜味剂(B)、酸味剂(C)以及润滑剂(D)各添加量。
在配方工艺单因素实验结果的基础上,以枸杞糖肽(A)、甜味剂(B)、酸味剂(C)以及润滑剂(D)为影响因素,以枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的感官评分(分值100分,外观、风味、口感和质地权重依次占0.15、0.3、0.3、0.25)为响应值,采用Design-Expert 13软件设计四因素三水平的Box-Behnken响应面法进一步优化枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的配方工艺,响应面试验因素及水平见表1,具体试验方案设计见表3。
随机选取10名制药工程专业的学生组成感官评价小组,男女比例为1:1,测试前漱口,分别从外观、口感、风味、质地形态对枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的每个项目进行评分。评定标准见表2。
对最佳工艺条件下制备的枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的硬度、脆碎度等理化指标及微生物含量指标进行测定,根据2020版《中国药典》中水分测定(0832)、灰分测定(2302)以及中药有害残留物限量制定指导原则(9302)对咀嚼片水分、灰分、重金属含量进行检测。
将小鼠随机分为6组,包括空白组、模型组、阳性药物组、枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片低剂量组、枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片高剂量组和辅料组。空白组(Control,n=8)通过灌胃等量0.9%生理盐水;模型组(Model,n=8)通过灌胃等量的0.9%生理盐水,阳性药物对照组(Rg1,n=8)灌胃给药10 mg∙kg−1;枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片低剂量组(L-LBPgC,n=8)灌胃给药400 mg∙kg−1;枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片高剂量组(H-LBPgC,n=8)灌胃给药1200 mg∙kg−1;辅料组(EC,n=8)灌胃给药400 mg∙kg−1,辅料组不含枸杞糖肽,其余成分含量与枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片成分含量一致。
适应性喂养7 d后,每天早上9点对各组小鼠进行灌胃给药。正常组小鼠不做任何刺激,模型组和4个样品组每天在上午10点或下午3点两个时间点随机给予以下两种刺激中的一种,束缚联合强迫游泳。小鼠单独固定在50 mL离心管(长11.5 cm,直径3.0 cm)中4 h;强迫游泳10 min。每种刺激和时间段在3 d内不重复,做到刺激随机和进行刺激的时间点随机,使应激过程无法预测。小鼠在上述条件下持续35 d。每周观察并记录实验期间各组小鼠的体重和精神状态。连续刺激KM小鼠及给药35 d后,第2 d进行强迫游泳测试,将小鼠放入50×20 cm的水箱中进行6 min的强迫游泳测试,水温22 ℃,深度15 cm,记录小鼠在水中6 min内的游泳时间(在水中挣扎的时间)和不动时间(悬浮在水中不动的时间)。
行为学测试结束后,将各组小鼠麻醉后进行眼球取血。血液采集后室温静置10 min,3000 r·min−1离心30 min,分离血清。组织样本采集后进行组织匀浆。严格按试剂盒说明书检测,测定血清中CK、LDH的活力以及BUN、5-HT、CORT含量;腓肠肌中SOD、MDA和GSH-Px的活力;脑组织中SOD、MDA、GSH-Px的活力以及BDNF的含量。
小鼠眼球取血后,取小鼠腓肠肌和脑组织,进行固定、脱水和透明后,石蜡包埋、切片HE染色,脱水封片后观察分析结果。
通过GraphPad Prism 10软件进行数据处理,所有数据均以x±s表示,若实验结果符合正态分布,用单因素方差分析,多重比较方法比较组间差异;若实验数据方差不齐或者不符合正态分布,即用非参数方差分析检验,P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
根据图1可知,随着枸杞糖肽含量的增加,咀嚼片的品质(感官评分)升高,当添加量达到29%时,感官评分达到最高,进一步增加枸杞糖肽时,感官评分逐渐下降。原因可能是随着枸杞糖肽用量的增加,导致咀嚼片口感过甜和质地较差,故选择枸杞糖肽添加量为26%~32%进行后续实验;随着甜味剂含量增加,咀嚼片的品质(感官评分)升高,当添加量达到17%时,感官评分达到最高,进一步增加甜味剂时,感官评分逐渐下降。原因可能是随着甜味剂用量的增加,导致咀嚼片质地较差和颜色较深,压片时不易成型,故选择甜味剂添加量为14%~20%进行后续实验;随着酸味剂含量的增加,咀嚼片的品质(感官评分)升高,当添加量达到1%时,感官评分达到最高,进一步增加酸味剂时,感官评分逐渐下降。原因可能是随着酸味剂用量的增加,导致咀嚼片口感较酸,故选择酸味剂添加量0.5%~1.5%进行后续实验;随着润滑剂含量增加,咀嚼片的品质(感官评分)升高,当添加量达到2%时,感官评分达到最高,进一步增加润滑剂时,感官评分逐渐下降。原因可能是润滑剂用量较少时,咀嚼片质地较差,表面过于粗糙,润滑剂用量过高会导致材料可压性下降,咀嚼片硬度不足、口感下降,故选择润滑剂添加量为1%~2%进行后续实验。
将综合每个项目评分按权重计算感官评分,响应面结果见表3,将感官评分录入Design-Expert 13软件进行分析拟合,得回归方程Y。
Y=87.32−0.3833A+0.25B−0.15C−0.1333D−0.425AB−0.4AC+1.03AD+1.15BC+0.575BD+1.35CD−7.44A2−5.39B2−6.26C2−5.29D2
根据回归模型方差分析可知,该模型方差P<0.01,差异具有统计学意义,失拟项不显著,表明该回归模型达到了极显著水平且拟合度较好,因此可用该回归方程预测枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的最佳配方工艺参数。该回归模型决定系数R2=0.9898>0.9,校正后决定系数R2Adj=0.9796>0.9,说明该模型可以解释98%响应值的变化,可用于枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片配方的理论推测。该模型中,交互项中,CD、BC具有极显著性差异(P<0.01),AD具有显著差异(P<0.05),AB、AC、BD无明显差异。各因素的影响大小为枸杞糖肽添加量(A)>甜味剂添加量(B)>酸味剂添加量(C)>润滑剂添加量(D),具体分析结果见表4。
两因素的交互作用见图2,结果表明,BC和CD的交互作用极显著(P<0.01),而AD的交互作用较为显著。根据拟合结果,枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的最佳配方为枸杞糖肽添加量28.92%,甜味剂添加量为17.07%,酸味剂添加量为0.99%,润滑剂添加量为1.49%,其余量为填充剂。此条件下的感官评分预测值为87.33分。
根据2.2.2中预测的最佳配方,选择枸杞糖肽添加量29%,酸味剂添加量为17%,甜味剂添加量为1%,润滑剂添加量为1.5%,其余量为填充剂,按照1.2.2中的步骤平行制备3批枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片。根据1.2.3.3中的10名成员进行评价,测试前漱口。结果表明3批咀嚼片平均感官评分为85.87±0.76,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.887%~2.348%。表明该配方较为稳定。最终确定枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的配方为:枸杞糖肽添加量29%,甜味剂添加量为17%,酸味剂添加量为1%,润滑剂添加量为1.5%,其余量为填充剂。
根据表5检测结果可知,最佳工艺条件下制备的咀嚼片平均片重为0.345±0.006 g,且10片咀嚼片的重量差异限度均在5%以内;平均硬度为79.364±2.83 N,均为75 N以上,硬度适中;5次测定20片咀嚼片的脆碎度均小于1%;砷、汞、铅等重金属元素均未检出。以上测定结果均符合2020版《中国药典》的相关规定。
同时通过2020版《中国药典》中非无菌药品微生物限度标准(通则1107)对枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的微生物含量进行了测定,结果表明枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的微生物含量(表6)符合2020版《中国药典》相关规定。
结果显示,空白组小鼠较为活泼,体态正常,食欲良好且毛发光滑柔顺,体重稳步增长;模型组小鼠精神倦怠,毛发较乱;经给药后小鼠情况与模型组相比均有所好转。适应性喂养7 d后各组小鼠体重无明显差异,造模7 d后与空白组相比其余各组小鼠体重均有下降(P<0.01),造模第14 d后小鼠体重开始缓慢回升;造模35 d后,与空白组相比,模型组小鼠体重显著降低(P<0.01),见图3。与模型组比较,辅料组与低剂量组小鼠体重回升缓慢无明显差异,而阳性药物组与高剂量组小鼠体重回升较快,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。枸杞糖肽有助于缓解焦虑和疲劳[20]。
在强迫游泳试验中,与模型组相比,空白组、Rg1组、L-LBPgC组与H-LBPgC组都有较短的静止时间(P<0.05);与模型组相比,Rg1组、L-LBPgC组与H-LBPgC组的不动时间分别下降约18.67%、26.10%、32.51%,表明LBPgC具有缓解身体疲劳和精神疲劳的效果,见表7。
结果显示,与空白组相比,模型组小鼠血清中CK、LDH、BUN水平升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,Rg1组、L-LBPgC组和H-LBPgC组的CK水平显著降低(P<0.01),L-LBPgC组与H-LBPgC组的LDH水平显著降低(P<0.01),而Rg1组与H-LBPgC组的BUN水平显著降低(P<0.01),见表8。剧烈运动会导致小鼠血清内的CK、LDH和BUN的水平显著升高,在分别给予LBPgC和Rg1治疗后均有所下降,说明剧烈运动会导致机体产生和积累大量的代谢物质,破坏机体的内环境稳态,而LBPgC能够通过改善剧烈运动后的机体状态,达到缓解疲劳的功效。
在运动过程中,氧化应激是导致骨骼肌损伤和疲劳的方式之一[33-34]。结果显示,与空白组相比,模型组小鼠腓肠肌中SOD和GSH-Px的活力显著降低(P<0.01),MDA含量显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,H-LBPgC组小鼠腓肠肌中SOD和GSH-Px的活力显著升高(P<0.01),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01),见表9。说明剧烈运动后小鼠腓肠肌中的SOD和GSH-Px水平显著降低,MDA水平显著上升(P<0.01),而Rg1和H-LBPgC的摄入可以显著逆转这种状态。在脑组织中,与空白组相比,模型组小鼠的SOD和GSH-Px的活力显著降低(P<0.01),MDA含量显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,H-LBPgC组的SOD和GSH-Px活力显著升高,H-LBPgC组与Rg1组的MDA水平显著降低(P<0.01),见表10。以上结果表明,剧烈运动导致小鼠脑组织与腓肠肌发生氧化应激,损伤细胞。而LBPgC与Rg1可以改善剧烈运动后引起的脑组织和腓肠肌产生的氧化应激,缓解小鼠的疲劳状态。
表11结果显示,与空白组相比,模型组的5-HT与BDNF的含量显著降低(P<0.01),CORT含量显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,H-LBPgC组5-HT与BDNF含量均显著升高(P<0.01),CORT含量显著降低(P<0.01)。说明剧烈运动导致脑组织中HPA轴失调,能量代谢增加,诱发中枢性疲劳,经H-LBPgC治疗后可以缓解疲劳症状。
HE染色常用来观察海马CA1区神经细胞,可直观显示神经元丢失、排列紊乱及核形态异常等变化。结果显示,与空白组相比,模型组海马出现部分可见少量散在的暗神经元,部分神经元出现皱缩、细微结构消失现象;与模型组相比,H-LBPgC组海马区神经元细胞排列整齐,出现皱缩、细微结构消失神经元数量减少,见图4。结果表明,剧烈运动导致小鼠海马区域的部分神经元发生皱缩与结构消失的现象,经LBPgC治疗后得到改善。
本研究以枸杞糖肽为主药,通过单因素实验和响应面试验得到枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片的最佳配方为枸杞糖肽添加量29%,酸味剂添加量为17%,甜味剂添加量为1%,润滑剂添加量为1.5%,其余量为填充剂,该条件下制得的咀嚼片感官评分为85.87±0.76分,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.887%~2.348%,平均片重为0.345±0.006 g,重量差异限度均在5%以内;平均硬度为79.364±2.83 N,均为75 N以上,硬度适中;咀嚼片的脆碎度小于1%。研究结果表明,高剂量下的枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片可以显著缩短强迫游泳过程中小鼠的不动时间,显著降低血清BUN、LDH和CK活性、腓肠肌及脑组织MDA含量,增加血清中5-HT水平,并增强腓肠肌和脑组织中SOD和GSH-Px活力。同时,通过对比发现阳性药物Rg1组的治疗作用高于枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片低剂量组,略低于枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片高剂量组,原因可能是添加剂量过高所致。此外,与模型组相比,辅料组也具有部分抗疲劳功效,其原因可能是辅料包含了部分树莓果粉和沙棘果粉,其中含有一定量的树莓多糖和沙棘多糖,而树莓多糖与沙棘多糖已被证实具有良好的抗疲劳功效,这可能是辅料组具有部分治疗作用的主要原因。综上所述,枸杞糖肽复配咀嚼片具有显著的抗疲劳功效。
血清中CK、LDH、BUN水平的变化常被用来反映机体疲劳的程度,剧烈运动后机体会分解糖原并产生大量的代谢物,使肌肉细胞中乳酸含量增加,导致肌肉酸痛无力[35-36]。本研究将血清CK、LDH、BUN与腓肠肌SOD、MDA、GSH-Px和脑组织的SOD、MDA、GSH-Px作为核心评价指标,相互联系,构建“代谢-氧化-损伤”的抗疲劳评价体系:BUN含量表明蛋白质过度分解的代谢负担,CK与LDH水平直接反映运动性骨骼肌损伤程度(细胞膜完整性及无氧代谢状态);而腓肠肌中的SOD、GSH-Px及MDA水平变化共同评估氧化应激水平(内源性抗氧化酶活力与脂质过氧化终产物)。
疲劳的产生和调控高度依赖神经递质及其受体并直接影响兴奋性和抑制性信号传导,从而调控机体对疲劳的感知以及改善。同时,疲劳与抑郁存在双向、多层次的密切联系:神经递质失衡和炎症激活共同驱动疲劳与抑郁的恶性循环[37]。海马是调控学习记忆、情绪及应激反应的关键脑区,其神经元结构与功能状态直接影响机体的能量代谢与行为动机。疲劳常伴随海马神经元损伤,表现为神经元丢失[38]与形态异常与胶质细胞活化。剧烈运动不会对海马神经元造成显著破坏,但会影响脑组织中神经递质的传递(5-HT、BDNF等)。因此,LBPgC可能是通过协同提升脑源性神经营养BDNF与5-HT表达,并抑制CORT过度分泌,三者协同形成正反馈,从能量代谢、神经递质传导及氧化应激抵抗多方面综合缓解疲劳。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070359
  • 接收时间:2025-07-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-30
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    1青海大学生态环境工程学院,青海西宁 810016
    2青海省交通医院,青海西宁 810000

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张得钧(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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