Article(id=1320880464387232061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756742400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852043482, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852043482, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852043482, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852043482, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=525, endPage=536, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880464596947262, articleId=1320880464387232061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Chuju Flavonoids Improve Lipid Metabolic Abnormalities Induced by a High-fat Diet, columnId=1320880301220410188, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Food Nutrition and Health Benefits, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms by which Chuju flavonoids ameliorated lipid metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat diet in mice, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for dietary interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Seventy male C57BL/6 mice were acclimatized for one week and subsequently assigned to the following groups: Normal diet (ND), high-fat diet with low-dose Chuju flavonoid-rich extracts (CJEL), positive control (CJE), model group (HFD), and high-fat diet with high-dose CJE (CJEH). Modeling and administration occurred concurrently over a period of 14 weeks. Measurements included body weight, organ indices, and serum and hepatic lipid parameters. The effects of CJE on lipid metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat diet were evaluated through histopathological staining, gut microbiota 16S rRNA sequencing, and Western blot analysis. Results: High-dose Chuju flavonoids significantly decreased total cholesterol (39%±3.8%), triglycerides (41.85%±3.75%), and non-esterified free fatty acids (31.1%±2.4%) in the livers of mice subjected to a high-fat diet. Additionally, these flavonoids inhibited the activity of alanine aminotransferase (32.4%) and aspartate aminotransferase (29.8%). Histopathological analysis demonstrated that CJE markedly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, as evidenced by a 62.5%±6.2% decrease in lipid droplet area in NAFLD mice. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed that CJE altered the gut microbiota and activated the AMPK/PPAR-α signaling pathway, which inhibited lipid synthesis and enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation. Conclusion: CJE significantly ameliorates lipid metabolism abnormalities in NAFLD mice by restoring gut microbiota balance, activating the AMPK/PPAR-α pathway to suppress hepatic lipid synthesis, and promoting hepatic fatty acid oxidation. This approach offers a viable dietary intervention strategy for the prevention of NAFLD.

, authors=Wen NIE1, 2, Yufang LUO1, 2, Yue WANG1, 2, Rui TAO1, 2, Xin XU1, 2, Wenjuan MIAO1, 2, Yeye DU1, 2, *, authorsList=Wen NIE, Yufang LUO, Yue WANG, Rui TAO, Xin XU, Wenjuan MIAO, Yeye DU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yeye DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880468258574671, articleId=1320880464387232061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=滁菊黄酮改善高脂饮食诱导的脂代谢异常, columnId=1320880301400765262, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=食品营养与健康功效, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探究滁菊黄酮对高脂饮食诱导小鼠脂质代谢紊乱的改善效果及作用机制,为非酒精性脂肪肝(Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)膳食干预提供理论依据。方法:将70只C57BL/6雄鼠适应性喂养一周后随机分为正常饮食组(ND)、高脂饮食给予低剂量滁菊黄酮提取物(Chuju Flavonoid-Rich Extracts,CJE)组(CJEL)、阳性对照组(CJE)、模型组(HFD)和高脂饮食给予高剂量CJE组(CJEH)。造模和给药同时进行,持续14周。检测体重、脏器指数、血清及肝脏脂质指标,结合组织病理学染色、肠道菌群16S rRNA测序及Western blot分析CJE对高脂饮食诱导的脂质代谢紊乱的影响。结果:高剂量滁菊黄酮可显著降低高脂饮食小鼠肝组织总胆固醇(39%±3.8%)、甘油三酯(41.85%±3.75%)及非酯化游离脂肪酸(31.1%±2.4%)水平,抑制丙氨酸氨基转移酶(32.4%)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(29.8%)的活性。组织病理学切片显示,滁菊黄酮能显著减少NAFLD小鼠的肝脏脂质堆积(脂滴面积减少62.5%±6.2%)。另外,通过16S rRNA测序证实了滁菊黄酮可重塑肠道菌群,激活AMPK/PPAR-α信号通路,从而抑制脂肪合成并增强脂肪酸β氧化。结论:CJE通过调节肠道菌群平衡、激活AMPK/PPAR-α通路抑制肝脏脂质合成、增强肝脏脂肪酸氧化,可有效改善NAFLD小鼠脂质代谢异常,为NAFLD预防提供了一种可行的膳食干预策略。

, authors=聂文1, 2, 罗喻芳1, 2, 王玥1, 2, 陶蕊1, 2, 徐鑫1, 2, 苗文娟1, 2, 杜叶叶1, 2, *, authorsList=聂文, 罗喻芳, 王玥, 陶蕊, 徐鑫, 苗文娟, 杜叶叶, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杜叶叶, authorNote=

聂文(1993−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杜叶叶(1993−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:。
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Medicine, 2022, 101(25): e29347., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880468518621520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880468527010129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, companyId=1320880468518621520, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880468535398738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, companyId=1320880468518621520, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1滁州学院生物与食品工程学院,安徽滁州 239000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880468589924692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880468598313301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, companyId=1320880468589924692, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Nutrition and Safety Research Laboratory of Anhui Cuisine, Chuzhou 239000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880468606701910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, companyId=1320880468589924692, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2徽菜营养与安全研究中心,安徽滁州 239000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880473082024331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion flow map of extracts from Chuju (280 nm), figureFileSmall=5/25nT0xVeg4H6pGkVz1zA==, figureFileBig=Tx9rMnFQBTSptr+vnj8iug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880473149133196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=CN, label=图1, caption=滁菊黄酮提取物总离子流图(280 nm), figureFileSmall=5/25nT0xVeg4H6pGkVz1zA==, figureFileBig=Tx9rMnFQBTSptr+vnj8iug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880473350459789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of CJE on the body weight and organ indices in NAFLD mice, figureFileSmall=FeYMgO3G70Zp/A3M8RH4FQ==, figureFileBig=B+XW/pRRttl3WEiIw9LXlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880473421762958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CJE对NAFLD小鼠体重和脏器指数的影响

注:(A)每周体重变化趋势;(B)初始体重至14周体重变化;(C)肝脏系数;(D)白色脂肪系数;与HFD组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与ND组相比,#P<0.05,图3~图5、图7-图8同。

, figureFileSmall=FeYMgO3G70Zp/A3M8RH4FQ==, figureFileBig=B+XW/pRRttl3WEiIw9LXlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880473509843343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of CJE on lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice, figureFileSmall=Q4lCKngIFHrhSegeS2OzNQ==, figureFileBig=Yi01Y/uW5Mc92cT10eaehA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880473593729424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=CN, label=图3, caption=CJE对NAFLD小鼠脂质积累的影响

注:(A)脂肪H&E染色的代表图像,标尺:50 μm;(B)血清总胆固醇(TC)水平;(C)血清甘油三酯(TG)水平;(D)血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平;(E)血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平;(F)血清游离脂肪酸(NEFA)水平。

, figureFileSmall=Q4lCKngIFHrhSegeS2OzNQ==, figureFileBig=Yi01Y/uW5Mc92cT10eaehA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880473656643985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of CJE administration on pathological feature of liver in NAFLD mice, figureFileSmall=KFm5oy3Cnzbgzc/LOKxcZQ==, figureFileBig=T7I6B/w/JK7jalsPsJFrmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880473732141458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=CN, label=图4, caption=CJE对NAFLD小鼠肝脏病理特征的影响

注:(A)肝脏切片H&E染色的代表图像,标尺:50 μm;箭头所标注的地方表示脂肪空泡;(B)血清ALT活性;(C)血清AST活性。

, figureFileSmall=KFm5oy3Cnzbgzc/LOKxcZQ==, figureFileBig=T7I6B/w/JK7jalsPsJFrmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880473807638931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of CJE on hepatic lipid levels in NAFLD mice, figureFileSmall=xyTwEQE9b3jsbP+2cOmvMw==, figureFileBig=DN+PGqqzYBUdY1FUyf65yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880475502137748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CJE对NAFLD小鼠肝脏脂质水平的影响

注:(A)肝脏切片红油O染色的代表图像,标尺:50 μm;图中圈出的地方代表肝脏脂滴;(B)肝脏总胆固醇(TC)水平;(C)肝脏甘油三酯(TG)水平;(D)肝脏低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平;(E)肝脏高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。

, figureFileSmall=xyTwEQE9b3jsbP+2cOmvMw==, figureFileBig=DN+PGqqzYBUdY1FUyf65yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880475598606741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of CJE on gut microbiota composition at the genus level in NAFLD mice, figureFileSmall=9PfHgdb2R4RL8JK3poezKA==, figureFileBig=B3RWGGBzQlFLJ//Kel2wpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880475716047254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CJE在属水平对NAFLD小鼠肠道菌群组成的影响, figureFileSmall=9PfHgdb2R4RL8JK3poezKA==, figureFileBig=B3RWGGBzQlFLJ//Kel2wpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880475804127639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of CJE on relative abundance of gut microbiota at the genus level in NAFLD mice, figureFileSmall=njikD4DrQzYFXaWsXC4t0g==, figureFileBig=MpXPUaUfP7E0DPFAiLUz1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880475896402328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CJE在属水平对NAFLD小鼠肠道菌群相对丰度的影响, figureFileSmall=njikD4DrQzYFXaWsXC4t0g==, figureFileBig=MpXPUaUfP7E0DPFAiLUz1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880475988677017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of CJE administration on the AMPK/PPAR-α signaling pathway in the liver of NAFLD mice, figureFileSmall=gEfdjjc7uQeju4g08waCAA==, figureFileBig=P80mfuorUcy9DgUdpektbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880476068368794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=CN, label=图8, caption=CJE干预对NAFLD小鼠肝脏中AMPK/PPAR-α信号通路的影响

注:(A)Western blot检测下p-AMPK、AMPK、PPAR-α、CPT-1和SREBP-1的表达水平;(B)p-AMPK/AMPK的定量分析;(C)PPAR-α的定量分析;(D)CPT-1的定量分析;(E)SREBP-1的定量分析。

, figureFileSmall=gEfdjjc7uQeju4g08waCAA==, figureFileBig=P80mfuorUcy9DgUdpektbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880476164837787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Contents of main flavonoids of CJE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黄酮类化合物含量(μg/g)
芹菜素-6,8-二半乳糖苷77245.93±5407.22
芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖苷-8-C-阿拉伯糖苷60064.43±4204.51
木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷54672.58±3827.08
异夏佛塔苷34516.45±2416.15
野黄芩苷24582.15±1720.75
槲皮素-3-O-丙二酰葡萄糖苷24113.03±1687.91
金圣草黄素-7-O-葡萄糖苷16414.19±1148.99
槲皮素-3,4'-O-二-β-葡萄糖苷14663.34±1026.43
木犀草素-6-C-葡萄糖苷-8-C-阿拉伯糖苷13151.14±920.58
异荭草素11983.51±838.85
), ArticleFig(id=1320880476265501084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880464387232061, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CJE中主要黄酮类化合物的含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黄酮类化合物含量(μg/g)
芹菜素-6,8-二半乳糖苷77245.93±5407.22
芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖苷-8-C-阿拉伯糖苷60064.43±4204.51
木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷54672.58±3827.08
异夏佛塔苷34516.45±2416.15
野黄芩苷24582.15±1720.75
槲皮素-3-O-丙二酰葡萄糖苷24113.03±1687.91
金圣草黄素-7-O-葡萄糖苷16414.19±1148.99
槲皮素-3,4'-O-二-β-葡萄糖苷14663.34±1026.43
木犀草素-6-C-葡萄糖苷-8-C-阿拉伯糖苷13151.14±920.58
异荭草素11983.51±838.85
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滁菊黄酮改善高脂饮食诱导的脂代谢异常
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聂文 1, 2 , 罗喻芳 1, 2 , 王玥 1, 2 , 陶蕊 1, 2 , 徐鑫 1, 2 , 苗文娟 1, 2 , 杜叶叶 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 食品营养与健康功效 2026,47(18): 525-536
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食品工业科技 |食品营养与健康功效 2026 , 47 (18) : 525 -536
滁菊黄酮改善高脂饮食诱导的脂代谢异常
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聂文1, 2 , 罗喻芳1, 2, 王玥1, 2, 陶蕊1, 2, 徐鑫1, 2, 苗文娟1, 2, 杜叶叶1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1滁州学院生物与食品工程学院,安徽滁州 239000
  • 2徽菜营养与安全研究中心,安徽滁州 239000
通讯作者:
杜叶叶(1993−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:。
作者简介:

聂文(1993−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:

Chuju Flavonoids Improve Lipid Metabolic Abnormalities Induced by a High-fat Diet
Wen NIE1, 2 , Yufang LUO1, 2, Yue WANG1, 2, Rui TAO1, 2, Xin XU1, 2, Wenjuan MIAO1, 2, Yeye DU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
  • 2Nutrition and Safety Research Laboratory of Anhui Cuisine, Chuzhou 239000, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090010
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目的:探究滁菊黄酮对高脂饮食诱导小鼠脂质代谢紊乱的改善效果及作用机制,为非酒精性脂肪肝(Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)膳食干预提供理论依据。方法:将70只C57BL/6雄鼠适应性喂养一周后随机分为正常饮食组(ND)、高脂饮食给予低剂量滁菊黄酮提取物(Chuju Flavonoid-Rich Extracts,CJE)组(CJEL)、阳性对照组(CJE)、模型组(HFD)和高脂饮食给予高剂量CJE组(CJEH)。造模和给药同时进行,持续14周。检测体重、脏器指数、血清及肝脏脂质指标,结合组织病理学染色、肠道菌群16S rRNA测序及Western blot分析CJE对高脂饮食诱导的脂质代谢紊乱的影响。结果:高剂量滁菊黄酮可显著降低高脂饮食小鼠肝组织总胆固醇(39%±3.8%)、甘油三酯(41.85%±3.75%)及非酯化游离脂肪酸(31.1%±2.4%)水平,抑制丙氨酸氨基转移酶(32.4%)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(29.8%)的活性。组织病理学切片显示,滁菊黄酮能显著减少NAFLD小鼠的肝脏脂质堆积(脂滴面积减少62.5%±6.2%)。另外,通过16S rRNA测序证实了滁菊黄酮可重塑肠道菌群,激活AMPK/PPAR-α信号通路,从而抑制脂肪合成并增强脂肪酸β氧化。结论:CJE通过调节肠道菌群平衡、激活AMPK/PPAR-α通路抑制肝脏脂质合成、增强肝脏脂肪酸氧化,可有效改善NAFLD小鼠脂质代谢异常,为NAFLD预防提供了一种可行的膳食干预策略。

滁菊黄酮  /  非酒精性脂肪肝  /  氧化应激  /  脂质代谢

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms by which Chuju flavonoids ameliorated lipid metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat diet in mice, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for dietary interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Seventy male C57BL/6 mice were acclimatized for one week and subsequently assigned to the following groups: Normal diet (ND), high-fat diet with low-dose Chuju flavonoid-rich extracts (CJEL), positive control (CJE), model group (HFD), and high-fat diet with high-dose CJE (CJEH). Modeling and administration occurred concurrently over a period of 14 weeks. Measurements included body weight, organ indices, and serum and hepatic lipid parameters. The effects of CJE on lipid metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat diet were evaluated through histopathological staining, gut microbiota 16S rRNA sequencing, and Western blot analysis. Results: High-dose Chuju flavonoids significantly decreased total cholesterol (39%±3.8%), triglycerides (41.85%±3.75%), and non-esterified free fatty acids (31.1%±2.4%) in the livers of mice subjected to a high-fat diet. Additionally, these flavonoids inhibited the activity of alanine aminotransferase (32.4%) and aspartate aminotransferase (29.8%). Histopathological analysis demonstrated that CJE markedly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, as evidenced by a 62.5%±6.2% decrease in lipid droplet area in NAFLD mice. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed that CJE altered the gut microbiota and activated the AMPK/PPAR-α signaling pathway, which inhibited lipid synthesis and enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation. Conclusion: CJE significantly ameliorates lipid metabolism abnormalities in NAFLD mice by restoring gut microbiota balance, activating the AMPK/PPAR-α pathway to suppress hepatic lipid synthesis, and promoting hepatic fatty acid oxidation. This approach offers a viable dietary intervention strategy for the prevention of NAFLD.

Chuju flavonoids  /  non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  /  oxidative stress  /  lipid metabolism
聂文, 罗喻芳, 王玥, 陶蕊, 徐鑫, 苗文娟, 杜叶叶. 滁菊黄酮改善高脂饮食诱导的脂代谢异常. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 525 -536 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090010
Wen NIE, Yufang LUO, Yue WANG, Rui TAO, Xin XU, Wenjuan MIAO, Yeye DU. Chuju Flavonoids Improve Lipid Metabolic Abnormalities Induced by a High-fat Diet[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 525 -536 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090010
非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是全球发病率最高的慢性肝脏疾病,已成为影响公共健康的重大代谢性疾病之一,其核心特征为肝脏脂质过度沉积[1],常伴随胰岛素抵抗[2]、炎症反应[3]及肠道菌群紊乱[4]等病理变化,严重时可进展为肝硬化甚至肝癌[5]。饮食结构失衡是诱发NAFLD的关键因素,其中高脂饮食引发的脂质代谢紊乱是导致肝脏脂质蓄积的核心机制[6]。作为名列中国“四大药菊”之首的滁菊富含黄酮类化合物,这类天然活性成分因具备抗炎、抗氧化及代谢调节等生物学特性,在代谢性疾病防治中受到广泛关注,其在改善脂质代谢异常方面的潜在价值逐渐成为研究热点[7]。
近年来,天然黄酮类化合物调控脂质代谢的研究取得显著进展。国际上,金丝桃苷等黄酮类成分被证实可通过激活法尼醇X受体抑制脂肪酸合成关键酶,并调节肠道菌群结构改善NAFLD[8];国内研究也发现,刺梨果醋中的黄酮类成分能通过肠道菌群-AMPK通路调控肝脏脂质代谢,为功能性食品开发提供了新思路[9]。针对滁菊黄酮,已有研究证实可降低高胆固醇血症小鼠的血脂水平,通过PI3K-AKT等信号通路发挥抗氧化、抗炎作用,且在脑缺血再灌注损伤中展现出多靶点保护效应[7]。但现有研究仍存在明显不足:一方面,滁菊黄酮对高脂诱导的NAFLD的改善作用缺乏系统验证;另一方面,其是否通过“肠道菌群-肝脏信号通路:协同调控脂质代谢的具体机制尚未明确,相关分子靶点和通路关联仍需要深入解析。
基于上述研究缺口,本研究以高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD小鼠为模型,探究滁菊黄酮对脂质代谢异常的改善效果。通过检测小鼠体重、脏器指数及血清、肝脏脂质相关生化指标,结合肝脏组织病理学染色评估肝脏损伤程度;利用16S rRNA测序分析肠道菌群结构变化;借助Western blot技术验证AMPK/PPAR-α信号通路关键蛋白的表达水平。旨在明确滁菊黄酮改善NAFLD的作用及具体调控机制,为滁菊黄酮作为NAFLD膳食干预功能成分的开发提供科学依据。
C57BL/6雄性小鼠 体重18~20 g,4周龄,购自北京斯贝福生物技术有限公司,动物合格证号为SCXK (津)2022-006;高脂肪饲料 购自南京盛民化工有限公司,配方为61.8%基础饲料、20%猪油、3%胆固醇、0.2%胆盐和15%蛋黄粉;滁菊 安徽菊泰滁菊草本科技有限公司(滁州,中国);总胆固醇(TC)测定试剂盒、甘油三酯(TG)测定试剂盒、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)测定试剂盒、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)测定试剂盒、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)测定试剂盒、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)测定试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)测定试剂盒、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)测定试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所(江苏,中国);苏木素-伊红(H&E)高清恒染试剂盒、通用型组织固定液、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(p-AMPK)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPAR-α)、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT-1)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(SREBP-1)、山羊抗兔IgG-辣根过氧化物酶(S0101,0.5 mg/mL)、SDS-PAGE蛋白上样缓冲液、TBST溶液、蛋白酶磷酸酶抑制剂混合物 江苏亲科生物研究中心有限公司(江苏,中国);AB-8大孔树脂(M0042) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;Omega EZNATM粪便DNA提取试剂盒 美国佐治亚州诺克罗斯市Omega Bio-tek公司。
LX-165T2R台式高速微量冷冻离心机 深圳市赛亚泰科仪器设备有限公司;EPS300电泳仪 上海天能科技有限公司;NanoDrop 1000 核酸浓度分析仪、6600 QTOF Q-Exactive电喷雾电离质谱仪、CRYOSTAR NX50冰冻切片机 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司;IX83 Olympus显微镜 日本东京奥林巴斯公司;GeneAmp 9700热循环PCR 美国ABI公司;NIKON ECLIPSE E100光学显微镜、NIKON DS-U3成像系统 日本尼康集团;Waters H-Class液相色谱 上海沃特世科技有限公司。
滁菊黄酮提取物的制备参照舒俊生等[10]的方法。将滁菊粉末按料液比1:10,通过80%乙醇水溶液超声辅助(超声功率为200 W,超声时间为25 min,超声温度为45 ℃)提取法进行提取。将滁菊乙醇提取物以1 BV/h的速率通过蠕动泵输入层析柱,使黄酮化合物充分吸附于AB-8大孔树脂,随后以1 BV/h速率用蒸馏水冲洗层析柱,洗去黏附在树脂上的水溶性杂质,再用35%(v/v)乙醇溶液以0.5 BV/h速率进行洗脱,使黄酮类化合物充分解吸,洗脱过程通过紫外检测器在280 nm波长下实时监测并分段收集目标组分,收集的提取液在旋转蒸发仪中于50 ℃真空条件下蒸发,所得提取物进一步通过真空冷冻干燥机冻干,得到滁菊黄酮提取物(Chuju flavonoid-rich extracts,CJE)并经密封后储存于−20 ℃冰箱中,以备后续实验使用。
为了对CJE中的黄酮类化合物进行定性与定量分析,明确其主要活性成分及含量,为后续探究CJE改善高脂饮食诱导脂质代谢紊乱的作用机制提供物质基础,利用液相色谱-串联质谱法对其进行鉴定。操作方法参考Wan等[11]并稍作修改。精确称取CJE粉末50 mg并加入500 μL 75%甲醇溶液,超声处理30 min后在20 ℃下17000 r/min离心10 min,随后取上清液上机检测。色谱柱:Agilent Zorbax SB-C18柱(1.9 μm,2.1×100 mm);柱温:35 ℃;流速:0.2 mL/min;流动相:A相为含0.1%甲酸的酸化水,B相为乙腈;进样量:2.0 μL;梯度洗脱程序:0~2 min,B相保持10%;2~20 min,B相从10%线性增加至30%;20~22 min,B相由30%线性升至90%;22~25 min,B相保持90%冲洗色谱柱;25~28 min,B相线性回落至10%并平衡3 min。采用电喷雾电离源(ESI),正离子模式检测,其中温度设置为550 ℃,喷雾电压设置为5500 V,干燥气流速12 L/min,雾化气压力35 psi,碎裂电压135 V;采用梯度碰撞诱导解离(CID)能量(10、20、40 eV)获取二级碎片谱,质量扫描范围为 m/z 50~1200。数据采集完毕后,使用MSDIAL ver 4.6软件对转换后的数据进行峰寻找、峰对齐等数据处理,同时基于一级与二级图谱搜索自主整合Metlin、MassBank、MoNA和HMDB的数据库。
为了便于观察干预效果,选择对高脂饮食诱导代谢异常敏感、无雌性激素周期变化及处于代谢可塑性较强的发育阶段的4周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠。70只雄性C57BL/6小鼠在21±2 ℃和60%±10%湿度的环境中,保持12 h光照-黑暗循环,自由进食饮水。所有实验操作严格遵循《中国实验动物管理条例》,在《实验动物护理与使用指南》指导下进行,并经滁州学院动物研究伦理委员会批准(CZU-2024-097)。所有小鼠在SPF级实验室适应性饲养7 d,随后随机分为5组(每组n=8),参考植物黄酮(金银花黄酮)干预脂质代谢的给药剂量区间[12],具体分组及处理如下:对照组(ND组):给予基础饲料,灌胃等体积蒸馏水;模型组(HFD组):饲喂高脂饲料,灌胃等体积蒸馏水;阳性对照组(CJE组):基础饲料+CJE灌胃(200 mg/kg/d);高脂饮食给予高剂量黄酮灌胃组(CJEH组):高脂饲料+高剂量CJE灌胃(400 mg/kg/d);高脂饮食给予低剂量黄酮灌胃组(CJEL组):高脂饮食+低剂量CJE灌胃(200 mg/kg/d)。基础饲料和高脂饲料均由南京盛民有限公司提供。CJE溶解于无菌的生理盐水中,连续灌胃给药14周,每日1次。每周监测各组小鼠的摄食量、饮水量和体重,最后一周所有小鼠隔夜禁食,经CO2安乐死后摘眼球采血分离血清。收集肝脏、结肠和胰腺组织用于生化和组织病理学分析;收集心脏、肾脏、脾脏和白色脂肪组织(White Adipose Tissue,WAT)(包括肾周脂肪、附睾脂肪和肠系膜脂肪)并称重,计算器官指数(器官重量/体重)。盲肠内容物组织保存于−80 ℃,用于后续微生物组分析。
实验14周后,对小鼠进行CO2安乐死后,立即将血液采集到含肝素钠的试管中,在4 ℃下以1600 r/min离心10 min以获得血清。收集肝脏组织并使用匀浆器完全匀浆,进一步在4 ℃下以6700 r/min离心10 min以获得上清液。血清或肝组织中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Alanine transaminase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、非酯化游离脂肪酸(Non-esterified fatty acids,NEFA)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)的含量通过生化试剂盒方法进行测定。
取肝小叶组织分为两份分别处理,第一份用于进行苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin and eosin,H&E)染色:肝小叶用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定12 h,随后进行石蜡包埋处理。将组织切成4 μm厚度的切片。染色完成后,在Olympus显微镜下以200倍放大倍数观察切片并拍照。第二份新鲜肝脏组织用于油红O冰冻切片染色:新鲜肝脏组织置于OCT冷冻包埋剂中包埋,冷冻切片机制备8 μm厚度冰冻切片;室温复温后蒸馏水漂洗,油红O染液避光染色15 min,苏木素复染细胞核,甘油明胶封片;200 倍光学显微镜下观察肝脏脂滴红色沉积情况并采集图像,定量分析脂滴面积占比。
盲肠内容物中的微生物DNA使用Omega EZNATM粪便DNA提取试剂盒按制造商说明书提取。DNA浓度通过NanoDrop 1000 核酸浓度分析仪进行定量,质量通过1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳评估。基于16S rRNA基因的肠道微生物群结构分析通过热循环PCR进行,靶向V3~V4高变区。确定目标引物序列(正向引物序列为5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′,反向引物序列为5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′)后,设置热循环程序参数:预变性阶段:95 ℃,3~5 min;循环阶段:变性:95 ℃,30 s;退火:55~58 ℃,30 s;延伸:72 ℃,30~45 s;终延伸阶段:72 ℃,5~10 min;最后在4 ℃条件下进行保温。后续测序数据通过美吉云平台(https://www.majorbio.com)进行处理。
组织样本用冰浴预冷的1×PBS冲洗三次以去除血液残留,剪碎后转移至匀浆管。按组织体积10倍加入含1%蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA缓冲液,加入两颗2 mm磁珠,以60 s匀浆处理。匀浆后的样本管取出冰浴半小时,每5 min间隔涡旋30 s以促进组织充分裂解。混合物在4 ℃下以12000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液作为总蛋白组分。使用商用BCA蛋白检测试剂盒对上清液中的蛋白含量进行定量。随后,提取的蛋白样本按4:1(v/v)比例与5×蛋白上样缓冲液混合,在100 ℃加热15 min使其变性。浓缩胶电压设置为75 V,分离胶电压为120 V。以300 mA转膜30 min。之后,在室温下于含0.5% TBST的5%脱脂奶粉中摇床孵育1 h进行封闭。磷酸化蛋白的一抗用TBST溶解的5%脱脂奶粉和5% BSA稀释后(稀释比例均为1:1000),在4 ℃孵育过夜。二抗用TBST按1:3000稀释,在室温脱色摇床上每次孵育5 min。室温孵育30 min后,用TBST在脱色摇床上洗涤三次,每次5 min。使用ECL化学发光试剂盒进行Western blotting检测,条带光密度通过Image J软件进行分析。
所有实验重复3次,结果以平均值±标准差(mean±SD)表示。采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)结合Bonferroni事后检验计算各组间的显著差异。进行了包括物种分类、丰富度和多样性分析的生物信息学分析。通过美吉生物科技有限公司提供的动态实时交互式数据分析平台Omicsmart,分析肠道微生物与宿主因素之间的Pearson相关系数。经Bonferroni校正多重比较后,P<0.05被定义为具有统计学显著性。
采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对滁菊黄酮提取物中的黄酮类化合物进行定性和定量分析。如图1所示,根据总离子流图并结合高分辨质谱及二级质谱共鉴定出146种黄酮类化合物,其总黄酮含量为78.57%±5.18%。结果显示滁菊黄酮提取物中含量最高的十种黄酮类化合物分别为芹菜素-6,8-二半乳糖苷(Apigenin 6,8-digalactoside)、芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖苷-8-C-阿拉伯糖苷(Apigenin 6-C-glucoside 8-C-arabinoside)、木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷(Luteolin-4'-O-glucoside)、异夏佛塔苷(Isoshaftoside)、野黄芩苷(Scutellarin)、槲皮素-3-O-丙二酰葡萄糖苷(Quercetin 3-O-malonylglucoside)、金圣草黄素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(Chrysoeriol 7-O-glucoside)、槲皮素-3,4'-O-二-β-葡萄糖苷(Quercetin-3,4'-O-di-beta-glucoside)、木犀草素-6-C-葡萄糖苷-8-C-阿拉伯糖苷(Luteolin 6-C-glucoside 8-C-arabinoside)以及异荭草素(Homoorientin),其含量如表1所示。
为了探究滁菊黄酮提取物对高脂饮食诱导脂质代谢紊乱的预防效果,本研究分析了不同剂量滁菊黄酮干预对高脂饮食小鼠体重、进食量和脏器指数的影响。结果如图2A~图2B所示,与普通饲料喂养组(ND组)小鼠相比,高脂饮食组(HFD组)小鼠体重显著上升25.49%,而低剂量和高剂量CJE的干预显著抑制了高脂饮食诱导的体重异常增加(P<0.05),CJEL组和CJEH组小鼠的体重相比HFD组小鼠的体重分别降低8.40%和12.29%。值得注意的是相比ND组,CJE干预的普通饲料喂养组(CJE组)小鼠体重无明显下降,这表明CJE可以抑制高脂饮食引起的体重异常升高,但不影响正常小鼠发育过程中体重的正常上升。
高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠常出现肝脏指数升高和脂肪系数增加。肝脏指数和脂肪系数通常被用来反映脂肪沉积程度,是非酒精性脂肪肝的早期敏感指标[13]。如图2C所示,HFD组小鼠的肝脏指数相比于ND组显著升高11.53%(P<0.05),经低剂量和高剂量CJE干预后分别降低6.51%和7.42%。同时,HFD组小鼠的脂肪系数相比ND组显著升高(P<0.05),而低剂量和高剂量CJE干预均显著降低了高脂饮食小鼠的脂肪系数(15.37%和23.41%)(图2D)。这表明CJE干预可有效改善高脂饮食诱导的体重、肝脏指数和脂肪系数的增加。
白色脂肪组织(WAT)的H&E染色显示,与ND组相比HFD组小鼠脂肪细胞的形态杂乱,体积显著增加(图3A)。而14周低剂量和高剂量CJE的干预下脂肪细胞的形态得到显著改善且细胞直径明显减小。这些结果表明CJE的干预可以有效缓解高脂饮食诱导的脂肪细胞异常增大。
血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平上升和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低是高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD小鼠脂质代谢紊乱的主要特征之一[14]。为评估CJE对NAFLD的作用,本研究检测了血清中TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C的含量。如图3B~图3D所示,与普通饲料喂养组(ND组)小鼠相比,高脂饮食组(HFD组)小鼠血清中的TC、TG和LDL-C水平均显著升高(P<0.05),分别增加了85.16%、133.00%和179.75%;相反,高脂饮食小鼠HDL-C水平显著降低(减少45.70%),表明小鼠非酒精性肝损伤模型构建成功。同时,CJE干预显著缓解了高脂饮食小鼠血清中TC、TG和LDL-C水平的升高,HDL-C水平的下降(P<0.05)和NEFA水平的升高(P<0.001)。此外,肝脏组织脂质定量检测结果显示,相较于HFD模型组,高剂量CJE干预可显著降低肝脏总胆固醇、甘油三酯、非酯化游离脂肪酸水平,降幅分别达 39%±3.8%、41.85%±3.75%、31.1%±2.4%;同时可使血清ALT、AST活性分别下降32.4%、29.8%,肝脏脂滴面积减少62.5%±6.2%。同时过量的NEFA会异位沉积于脂肪细胞,激活mTOR通路促进脂肪合成;另一部分通过门静脉系统进入肝脏并抑制脂肪酸β氧化,未被肝脏氧化的过量NEFA脂肪酸通过转位酶CD36进入肝脏细胞促使TG异常蓄积,造成肝脂肪变性与脂质蓄积。而CJE干预能显著降低NEFA水平(P<0.001),这些结果表明,CJE干预可以显著改善高脂饮食诱导的血脂水平异常。
白色脂肪细胞增大和肝脏脂肪沉积是非酒精性脂肪肝的重要病理表现形式之一[15]。如图4A所示,高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD小鼠肝脏中存在大量的脂质空泡,并伴随炎症浸润现象,而不同剂量的CJE干预后肝脏内脂质空泡的数量和大小呈现出剂量依赖性减少,同时细胞间隙减小且无明显的细胞浸润,其病理特征得到显著改善。进一步对NAFLD小鼠的肝脏组织中的ALT和AST酶活性进行检测,结果显示与ND组小鼠相比,HFD组的ALT与AST活性大幅上升。其中ALT活性由30.37 U/L上升至60.62 U/L,AST活性由48.70 U/L上升至117.14 U/L。而低剂量和高剂量CJE的干预显著逆转了这一趋势(P<0.05),CJEL组和CJEH组的ALT活性相比于HFD组分别降低21.88%和36.85%,AST活性分别降低35.36%和41.79%。上述结果充分阐明CJE的干预可以显著减轻高脂饲料诱导的NAFLD小鼠肝脏损伤。
油红O染色进一步显示(图5A),ND组肝脏细胞形态规则,细胞之间界限清晰,无脂质的堆积和变性;而HFD组细胞排列混乱,细胞的结构和边缘模糊,且伴随大量的脂肪滴分布以及脂质积累,表现出严重的肝脂肪浸润和脂肪变性。而CJE干预显著改善了高脂饮食诱导的肝脏脂质沉积(P<0.05)。成年小鼠中脂肪细胞数量是固定的,所以肥胖的程度取决于脂肪细胞体积的大小。
肝脏是体内脂质代谢的中心,负责胆固醇合成(占体内总合成量的70%)、TG代谢及脂蛋白组装[16]。肝脏中TC,TG,LDL-C和HDL-C的变化是评价肝脏脂质代谢情况最关键的特征指标。如图5B~图5C所示,HFD组小鼠肝脏组织中TC,TG,LDL-C的水平显著升高(P<0.05),相比于ND组分别上升53.99%、82.71%和81.84%。而CJE干预显著降低了肝脏组织中TC,TG,LDL-C的水平。另外,与ND组相比,HFD组小鼠肝脏中HDL-C的水平显著降低(P<0.05)。而低剂量(CJEL组)和高剂量(CJEH组)CJE干预后高脂饮食小鼠肝脏中HDL-C的水平分别升高了33.80%和37.97%。CJE干预对高脂饮食小鼠肝脏脂质代谢的影响与血清脂质谱保持一致。
越来越多的研究表明,肠道菌群作为人体“第二基因组”,在脂质代谢中扮演着关键角色。肠道菌群通过调节胆汁酸代谢、短链脂肪酸产生、肠道屏障功能及炎症反应,深刻影响宿主对脂质的吸收、合成与分解[17]。黄酮类化合物因其生物利用度低,经常在肠道内被微生物利用[18]。因此,本研究推测肠道微生物可能是CJE预防和改善高脂饮食诱导肝脏脂质代谢紊乱的潜在靶点。为了揭示CJE与肠道菌群之间的相互作用,本研究对不同组小鼠肠道菌群进行了16S rRNA测序分析。如图6A所示,各组微生物的优势菌属分布存在明显差异,其中norank_f_Muribaculaceae、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、Ileibacterium、Bacteroides和Faecalibaculum等为丰度占比排名前列的优势菌属,总和约占总丰度的50%以上。为探究长期高脂饮食诱导下肠道菌群组成的变化,针对ND组与HFD组进行关键菌属差异分析。如图6B所示,与正常饮食组相比,14周的高脂饮食诱导了NAFLD小鼠肠道菌群中Bacteroides、norank_f_Prevotellaceae、Faecalibaculum、norank_f_Lachnospiraceae、Blautia、Thomasclavelia、Ileibacterium和Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002的丰度显著增加。相反ND组中norank_f_Muribaculaceae和Helicobacter的丰度显著高于HFD组(P<0.05)。
为探究CJE的干预对NAFLD小鼠肠道菌群紊乱的改善机理,进一步探究了CJE干预下各组小鼠肠道菌群 组成变化。如图7所示,CJE的给药显著抑制了高脂饮食诱导的Bacteroides、Faecalibaculum、Blautia、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group、Thomasclavelia和Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002的丰度异常上升,同时显著增加了norank_f_Muribaculaceae、Odoribacter和Adlercreutzia的丰度(P<0.05)。值得注意的是,低剂量CJE的干预能显著降低Blautia和Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002丰度(P<0.001)。
在NAFLD小鼠中,AMPK活性的降低会导致脂肪酸氧化的相关蛋白如PPAR-α和CPT-1表达受到抑制,同时导致SREBP-1的过度活化,从而加剧肥胖症状以及肝内脂质沉积[19]。为进一步探究CJE对NAFLD小鼠脂代谢异常的调控机制,采用Western blotting测定了脂质代谢通路中相关蛋白的表达水平。如图8所示,长期高脂饮食的诱导使AMPK磷酸化水平显著降低,而CJE的干预显著激活了AMPK的磷酸化表达(P<0.05),CJEL组和CJEH组表达水平相比于HFD组分别上调43.71%和57.47%。同时CJE的干预显著上调了PPAR-α和CPT-1的表达,与HFD组相比,低剂量和高剂量CJE的干预分别使PPAR-α的表达水平上调40.23%和58.35%;使CPT-1的表达水平上调54.75%和71.36%。
作为肝脏脂质合成基因的主要调节因子,SREBP-1的表达水平在由高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD小鼠肝脏中显著上升[20],HFD组相比于ND组表达量增高48.91%(P<0.05)。在给予高剂量CJE后SREBP-1的表达量降低38.46%,而低剂量CJE的给药对高脂饮食诱导的SREBP-1表达异常升高无明显的抑制效果。以上结果表明,CJE可通过上调AMPK磷酸化表达激活AMPK/PPAR-α通路。其中PPAR-α作为核受体,可结合CPT-1基因启动子区的PPRE元件,从而直接促进CPT-1的表达,增强脂肪酸进入线粒体进行β氧化,进一步增强脂肪酸氧化的水平;同时通过下调SREBP-1的表达减少高脂饮食所导致的脂质沉积。
NAFLD的发病机制复杂且呈多维度交织特征,普遍遵循“二次打击”学说,而肠道菌群紊乱与肝脏代谢通路失调的交互作用是贯穿病理进程的核心纽带[21]。本研究以高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD小鼠为模型,系统揭示了CJE通过“肠道菌群-AMPK/PPAR-α通路”协同调控脂质代谢的分子机制,为NAFLD的干预提供了新的实验依据与理论支撑。
“初次打击”的核心是脂质蓄积与肝脏脂肪变性,其本质是脂肪摄入、合成与氧化分解的代谢失衡[22]。高脂饮食通过激活脂肪组织中激素敏感性脂肪酶,导致非酯化游离脂肪酸(NEFA)大量释放,部分NEFA通过CD36转位酶进入肝细胞,促进甘油三酯(TG)异位蓄积,另一部分则激活mTOR通路加剧脂肪合成[23]。本研究发现,CJE干预可显著降低NAFLD小鼠肝脏TC(35.2%~42.8%)、TG(38.1%~45.6%)及NEFA(28.7%~33.5%)水平,同时抑制脂肪细胞异常增大,这一效应与CJE中富含的芹菜素-6,8-二半乳糖苷、木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷等黄酮单体密切相关。已有研究证实,芹菜素类黄酮可通过抑制脂肪酸合成关键酶(如ACLY、FASN)的活性减少脂质生成[8],而木犀草素则能促进脂肪酸β氧化[10],推测CJE中的多种黄酮单体可能通过协同作用,从“减少脂质合成-促进脂质分解”双向阻断肝脏脂肪蓄积,从而有效缓解“初次打击”引发的肝脂肪变性。
值得注意的是,CJE干预对正常饮食小鼠的体重及脂质代谢无显著影响,仅针对高脂饮食诱导的代谢异常发挥调控作用,这一特性凸显了其作为膳食干预剂的安全性优势。血清生化指标显示,CJE可同时改善血脂谱紊乱,与临床常用的调脂药物相比,其通过天然活性成分实现多靶点调控,避免了化学药物可能引发的胃肠道不适等副作用[24],为NAFLD合并血脂异常的防治提供了更温和的替代方案。
“二次打击”以肠道菌群失调引发的内毒素血症和氧化应激为核心,是NAFLD从单纯性脂肪肝向非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)进展的关键驱动力[25]。本研究通过16S rRNA测序证实,高脂饮食显著降低了小鼠肠道中norank_f_Muribaculaceae的丰度,同时升高了Faecalibaculum、Bacteroides、Blautia等促炎菌属的比例,这与临床NAFLD患者的肠道菌群特征高度一致[26]。norank_f_Muribaculaceae作为肠道内重要的短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)产生菌,其丰度降低会导致肠道屏障功能减弱,使革兰氏阴性菌释放的脂多糖(LPS)大量入血,进而激活肝脏炎症反应[27];而Faecalibaculum的过度增殖会促进脂质沉积并加剧胰岛素抵抗,Blautia则通过调控炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6)表达加重肝脏损伤[28]。
CJE干预可特异性上调norank_f_Muribaculaceae的丰度,同时显著抑制上述有害菌属的异常增殖,这一菌群重塑效应与刺梨果醋黄酮、蓝莓黄酮等天然活性成分的作用特征相似[9,16],但CJE对norank_f_Muribaculaceae的靶向调控更为显著,提示其可能通过黄酮单体与肠道菌群的特异性相互作用实现选择性富集[29]。SCFAs作为菌群代谢的关键产物,不仅可通过GPR43/GPR41受体激活肠道屏障修复通路,还能进入门静脉系统调控肝脏代谢[30]。结合本研究中CJE对肝脏氧化应激指标的改善效应,推测CJE可能通过促进norank_f_Muribaculaceae产生乙酸、丙酸等SCFAs,一方面增强肠道屏障完整性以减少LPS入血,另一方面直接抑制肝细胞内脂质过氧化反应,从而打破“肠道菌群失调-氧化应激-炎症”的级联放大效应,有效缓解“二次打击”引发的肝脏损伤。
肝脏AMPK/PPAR-α通路是调控脂质代谢的核心信号轴,其功能异常是NAFLD脂质代谢紊乱的关键分子机制[19]。AMPK作为能量感知激酶,可通过磷酸化抑制脂质合成通路,同时激活PPAR-α促进脂肪酸氧化;而PPAR-α作为核受体转录因子,能直接结合CPT-1基因启动子区的PPRE元件,增强脂肪酸进入线粒体进行β氧化的效率[31]。本研究发现,高脂饮食显著抑制了NAFLD小鼠肝脏AMPK的磷酸化水平,同时下调PPAR-α和CPT-1的表达,上调脂质合成关键因子SREBP-1的表达,导致脂肪酸氧化能力下降而合成亢进。CJE干预可剂量依赖性激活AMPK磷酸化(CJEH组上调57.47%),进而促进PPAR-α(上调58.35%)和CPT-1(上调71.36%)的表达,抑制SREBP-1(下调38.46%),这一调控模式与金丝桃苷等黄酮类成分的作用机制具有一致性[8],但CJE同时伴随肠道菌群重塑,提示其可能通过“菌群代谢物-通路激活”的间接调控与“黄酮单体-靶点结合”的直接调控双重模式发挥作用。
进一步结合肠道菌群与代谢指标的相关性分析可见,norank_f_Muribaculaceae的丰度与AMPK磷酸化水平呈正相关,与SREBP-1表达呈负相关,推测CJE重塑的肠道菌群可能通过产生SCFAs激活肠道上皮细胞的AMPK通路,进而通过“肠-肝轴”信号传导调控肝脏AMPK/PPAR-α通路活性[32]。而CJE中的黄酮单体则可能直接与AMPK激酶结构域结合,促进其磷酸化激活,形成“菌群-宿主”协同调控的网络[33]。这一发现弥补了现有研究中“天然黄酮类化合物调控脂质代谢多停留在单一通路验证”的不足,明确了CJE通过“肠道菌群重塑”与“肝脏通路激活”的跨器官协同机制,丰富了NAFLD病理生理调控的理论体系。
本研究证实,CJE对高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD具有显著的改善作用,其核心机制是通过“肠道菌群重塑”与“肝脏代谢通路激活”的协同调控实现:其一抑制NAFLD小鼠脂肪细胞异常增大,调控血脂谱及肝脏脂质水平,阻断“初次打击”引发的肝脂肪变性;其二上调norank_f_Muribaculaceae等有益菌属丰度,下调Faecalibaculum、Bacteroides、Blautia等促炎菌属比例,改善肠道菌群紊乱,缓解氧化应激与炎症反应,阻断“二次打击”的病理进展;其三激活肝脏AMPK/PPAR-α信号通路,上调CPT-1表达促进脂肪酸β氧化,下调SREBP-1表达抑制脂质合成,从分子层面恢复脂质代谢稳态。
综上,CJE通过“多靶点-多通路”的协同作用改善NAFLD小鼠的脂质代谢异常,其作为天然、安全的膳食干预成分,在NAFLD的预防与辅助治疗中具有广阔的应用前景,同时为滁菊黄酮类化合物的高值化开发提供了实验依据与理论支撑。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090010
  • 接收时间:2025-09-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02
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    1滁州学院生物与食品工程学院,安徽滁州 239000
    2徽菜营养与安全研究中心,安徽滁州 239000

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杜叶叶(1993−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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