Article(id=1320880436407022465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761062400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852036811, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852036811, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852036811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852036811, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=52, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880436620931970, articleId=1320880436407022465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Research Progress on the Formation Mechanism of Beef Flavor during Processing, columnId=1320880408649118389, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Guest Editor Column—Frontiers and Applications of Food Flavor Perception‌ (Guest Editors: LIU Yuan, SUN Jinyuan, KOU Xingran, CHENG Huan; Industry Advisor: CHEN Li), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Beef flavor is crucial for consumer acceptance and food quality. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted research on the formation of beef flavor from multiple perspectives including inherent flavor differences in beef, flavor changes during post-slaughter storage, and the effects of different processing methods on beef flavor. Based on this, this paper systematically summarizes the sources and formation pathways of beef flavor compounds, and elaborates on the flavor changes in beef during processing from the perspectives of flavor differences in raw beef, the impacts of processing methods and parameters on flavor formation, and the regulation of flavor formation pathways. Thus, it comprehensively outlines the mechanisms underlying beef flavor formation, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the precise regulation of beef flavor during processing.

, authors=Lu GUO1, Shengsheng LI1, 2, *, Jibing MA2, Yan ZHANG2, authorsList=Lu GUO, Shengsheng LI, Jibing MA, Yan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shengsheng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880437203940229, articleId=1320880436407022465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=加工过程中牛肉风味形成机制研究进展, columnId=1320880408842056375, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏—食品风味感知前沿与应用(客座主编:刘源、孙金沅、寇兴然、程焕;产业顾问:陈丽), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

牛肉风味是决定消费者接受度和食品品质的关键因素。国内外学者从牛肉本身的风味差异、宰后储藏过程中的风味变化、不同加工方法对牛肉风味的影响等多角度开展了牛肉风味形成的研究。基于此,本文系统总结了牛肉的风味物质来源及其形成途径,从原料牛肉风味差异、加工方法和加工参数对风味形成的影响、风味形成途径调控等角度详细阐述牛肉在加工过程中的风味变化,从而全面概述牛肉风味形成的机制,以期为加工过程中牛肉风味精准调控提供理论依据与技术指导。

, authors=郭露1, 李升升1, 2, *, 马纪兵2, 张艳2, authorsList=郭露, 李升升, 马纪兵, 张艳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李升升, authorNote=

郭露(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李升升(1984−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:动物性食品科学,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=83+LdgLaF8zc/aJlGvBpNw==, magXml=6tN7jG6JO7lxjl6yKK0cOQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=urmS5mwV56gmR5HuNnEDMw==, pdfFileSize=6262846, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=CPcxIGaCLg6YeH4CAU4MIw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=pQ+FQWtmwU7dWrDCcB/rsg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880437606593421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=17308394821@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880437682090895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880437606593421, language=EN, stringName=Lu GUO, firstName=Lu, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880437745005456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880437606593421, language=CN, stringName=郭露, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016, bio={"content":"

郭露(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

郭露(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880437413655430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437422044039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437430432648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016)])]), Author(id=1320880437816308626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lishsh123@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880437900194709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880437816308626, language=EN, stringName=Shengsheng LI, firstName=Shengsheng, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880437967303574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880437816308626, language=CN, stringName=李升升, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016
2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880437413655430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437422044039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437430432648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880437505930121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437514318730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437522707339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016)])]), Author(id=1320880438038606744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880438130881434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880438038606744, language=EN, stringName=Jibing MA, firstName=Jibing, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880439770854299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880438038606744, language=CN, stringName=马纪兵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880437505930121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437514318730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437522707339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016)])]), Author(id=1320880439871517597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880441813480351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880439871517597, language=EN, stringName=Yan ZHANG, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880441884783520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880439871517597, language=CN, stringName=张艳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880437505930121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437514318730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437522707339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1320880442014806945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=beef), Keyword(id=1320880442102887330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=flavor), Keyword(id=1320880442186773411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=formation pathways), Keyword(id=1320880442279048100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=regulation), Keyword(id=1320880442358739877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=mechanism), Keyword(id=1320880442430043046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=牛肉), Keyword(id=1320880442530706343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=风味), Keyword(id=1320880444183262120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=形成途径), Keyword(id=1320880444275536809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=调控), Keyword(id=1320880444330062762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=机制)], refs=[Reference(id=1320880445286364083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张家能. 烹饪条件对牛肉品质及营养成分的影响[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2025(16): 118−120. [ZHANG J N. The impact of cooking conditions on the quality and nutritional components of beef[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2025(16): 118−120.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880445382833076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J N. The impact of cooking conditions on the quality and nutritional components of beef[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2025(16): 118−120., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880445458330549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=熊偲皓, 王东阳, 胡志全. 我国牛肉供需及国际竞争力研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2020, 41(10): 89−100. [XIONG S H, WANG D Y, HU Z Q. Research on China's beef supply, demand and international competitiveness[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2020, 41(10): 89−100.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880445533828022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIONG S H, WANG D Y, HU Z Q. Research on China's beef supply, demand and international competitiveness[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2020, 41(10): 89−100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880445600936887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BERRY B W, SMITH G C, CARPENTER Z L. Beef carcass maturity indicators and palatability attributes[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1974, 38(3): 507−514., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880445760320440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Jingjing, ELLIES-OURY M P, CHRIKI S, et al. Contributions of tenderness, juiciness and flavor liking to overall liking of beef in Europe[J]. Meat Science, 2020, 168: 108190., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880445823235001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DASHDORJ D, AMNA T, HWANG I. Influence of specific taste-active components on meat flavor as affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors: An overview[J]. European Food Research and Technology, 2015, 241(2): 157−171., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880445919703994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FLORES M. The eating quality of meat[M]. Amsterdam: Meat Science. Elsevier, 2017: 383-417., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446192333755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Longzhu, REN Yimeng, SHI Yujie, et al. Comprehensive foodomics analysis reveals key lipids affect aroma generation in beef[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 461: 140954., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446276219836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Jiafei, LIN Weifang, SUN Yangying, et al. Relationship between flavor characteristics and lipid oxidation in air-dried beef at different roasting stages[J]. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 2024, 37: 100988., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446360105917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU Yinghua, CAO Shenyi, YANG Li, et al. Flavor formation based on lipid in meat and meat products: A review[J]. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2022, 46(12): e14439., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446431409086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG J, ZHANG Y, CHEN P, et al. Enhancing beef flavor profiles via Maillard reaction of γ-glutamylated beef protein hydrolysates and xylose[J]. Food Chemistry, 2025, 476: 143313., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446594986943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邱月, 张宝芳, 宋纪璇, 等. 微冻贮藏冷鲜牛肉挥发性成分变化及与蛋白质和脂质氧化的相关性[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2025, 51(11): 273−282. [QIU Y, ZHANG B F, SONG J X, et al. Effect of superchilled storage on changes of volatile compounds and correlation with protein and lipid oxidation of chilled beef[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2025, 51(11): 273−282.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446670484417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIU Y, ZHANG B F, SONG J X, et al. Effect of superchilled storage on changes of volatile compounds and correlation with protein and lipid oxidation of chilled beef[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2025, 51(11): 273−282., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446758564802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MACLEOD G. Scientific and technological basis of meat flavours[M]. London: Developments in Food Flavours, 1986., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446821479363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA Chao, WEN Pingping, YUAN Yaming, et al. Effect of roasting temperature on lipid and protein oxidation and amino acid residue side chain modification of beef patties[J]. RSC Advances, 2021, 11(35): 21629−21641., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446888588228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARK M K, CHOI Y S. Effective strategies for understanding meat flavor: A review[J]. Food Science of Animal Resources, 2025, 45(1): 165−184., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880446955697093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李学贤, 张雪, 童灵, 等. 游离氨基酸改善作物风味品质综述[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2022, 27(4): 73−81. [LI X X, ZHANG X, TONG L, et al. Summary of free amino acids to improve crop flavor quality[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2022, 27(4): 73−81.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880447039583174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI X X, ZHANG X, TONG L, et al. Summary of free amino acids to improve crop flavor quality[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2022, 27(4): 73−81., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880448675361735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AKITOMI H, TAHARA Y, YASUURA M, et al. Quantification of tastes of amino acids using taste sensors[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2013, 179: 276−281., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880448742470600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Feng, KLEBANSKY B, FINE R M, et al. Molecular mechanism for the umami taste synergism[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008, 105(52): 20930−20934., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880448813773769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHAN M I, JO C, TARIQ M R. Meat flavor precursors and factors influencing flavor precursors: A systematic review[J]. Meat Science, 2015, 110: 278−284., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880448889271242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKA Y, OMURA M, KATAOKA H, et al. Olfactory receptor antagonism between odorants[J]. The EMBO Journal, 2004, 23(1): 120−126., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880448964768715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=UKHANOV K, COREY E A, ACHE B W. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase dependent inhibition as a broad basis for opponent coding in mammalian olfactory receptor neurons[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(4): e61553., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449036071884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘佳丽, 桑爽, 王海玉, 等. 肉制品挥发性风味物质检测技术研究进展[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2025(8): 162−164. [LIU J L, SANG S, WANG H Y, et al. Research progress on detection techniques of volatile flavor compounds in meat products[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2025(8): 162−164.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449115763661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU J L, SANG S, WANG H Y, et al. Research progress on detection techniques of volatile flavor compounds in meat products[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2025(8): 162−164., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449187066830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=方莉, 耿发家. 牛肉脯加工过程中品质变化规律[J]. 中国调味品, 2025, 50(6): 120−123. [FANG L, GENG F J. Quality change rule of beef jerky during processing[J]. China Condiment, 2025, 50(6): 120−123.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449275147215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG L, GENG F J. Quality change rule of beef jerky during processing[J]. China Condiment, 2025, 50(6): 120−123., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449346450384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN Yimeng, ZHOU Longzhu, SHI Yujie, et al. Effect of alterations in phospholipids and free fatty acids on aroma-active compounds in instant-boiled chuck tender, sirloin and silverside beef[J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(16): e36382., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449421947857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邱月, 许蜜蜜, 谢雪华, 等. 基于GC-IMS和化学计量学分析热加工牛肉特征风味物质[J]. 浙江工业大学学报, 2023, 51(4): 448−455. [QIU Y, XU M M, XIE X H, et al. Analysis of characteristic flavor compounds of thermally processed beef based on GC-IMS and chemometrics[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology, 2023, 51(4): 448−455.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449501639634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIU Y, XU M M, XIE X H, et al. Analysis of characteristic flavor compounds of thermally processed beef based on GC-IMS and chemometrics[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology, 2023, 51(4): 448−455., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449564554195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Junmei, DENG Siyang, WANG Jingfan, et al. Comparison and elucidation of the changes in the key odorants of precooked stewed beef during cooking-refrigeration-reheating[J]. Food Chemistry: X, 2024, 23: 101654., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449627468756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王美仁, 王柏辉, 杨帆, 等. 不同加工方式对牛肉干产品风味物质的影响[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025, 16(2): 127−137. [WANG M R, WANG B H, YANG F, et al. Effects of different processing methods on flavor substances of beef jerky products[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(2): 127−137.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449694577621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG M R, WANG B H, YANG F, et al. Effects of different processing methods on flavor substances of beef jerky products[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(2): 127−137., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449770075094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩沅汐, 蒋思源, 张二豪, 等. 电子鼻结合HS-GC-IMS技术分析不同种类风干肉干挥发性风味特征[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(11): 281−291. [HAN Y X, JIANG S Y, ZHANG E H, et al. Analysis of volatile flavor characteristics of different types of air-dried jerky based on electronic nose combined with HS-GC-IMS technology[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(11): 281−291.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449845572567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN Y X, JIANG S Y, ZHANG E H, et al. Analysis of volatile flavor characteristics of different types of air-dried jerky based on electronic nose combined with HS-GC-IMS technology[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(11): 281−291., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880449929458648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柏霜, 王永瑞, 罗瑞明, 等. 牛肉臊子工业半成品炒制各阶段挥发性化合物分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(14): 290−298. [BAI S, WANG Y R, LUO R M, et al. Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in different stages of stir-frying of industrial semi-finished products beef saozi[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(14): 290−298.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450021733337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAI S, WANG Y R, LUO R M, et al. Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in different stages of stir-frying of industrial semi-finished products beef saozi[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(14): 290−298., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450080453594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张莺莺, 刁玉段, 张佳杰, 等. 风味前体物质在肉类风味形成中的作用及其影响因素[J]. 上海畜牧兽医通讯, 2024(4): 1−9,89. [ZHANG Y Y, DIAO Y D, ZHANG J J, et al. The role and influencing factors of flavor precursors in the formation of meat flavor[J]. Shanghai Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024(4): 1−9,89.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450151756763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y Y, DIAO Y D, ZHANG J J, et al. The role and influencing factors of flavor precursors in the formation of meat flavor[J]. Shanghai Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024(4): 1−9,89., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450214671324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RESCONI V, ESCUDERO A, CAMPO M. The development of aromas in ruminant meat[J]. Molecules, 2013, 18(6): 6748−6781., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450273391581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WERKHOFF P, BRUENING J, EMBERGER R, et al. Isolation and characterization of volatile sulfur-containing meat flavor components in model systems[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1990, 38(3): 777−791., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450344694750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Qunying, JIAO Jianxin, ZHAO Zhiwei, et al. Feeding systems change yak meat quality and flavor in cold season[J]. Food Research International, 2025, 203: 115846., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450428580831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Renyu, YOO M J Y, ROSS A B, et al. Mechanisms and strategies to tailor dry-aged meat flavour[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2022, 119: 400−411., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450499884000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WILLIAMSON J, RYLAND D, SUH M, et al. The effect of chilled conditioning at 4 ℃ on selected water and lipid-soluble flavor precursors in Bison bison longissimus dorsi muscle and their impact on sensory characteristics[J]. Meat Science, 2014, 96(1): 136−146., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450600547297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔小燕, 苟钟勇, 蒋守群, 等. 鸡肉风味的形成机制与调控研究进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(2): 500-508. [CUI X Y, GOU Z Y, JIANG S Q, et al. Research advance of formation mechanism of chicken meat flavor and regulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition2019, 31(2): 500-508.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450663461858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CUI X Y, GOU Z Y, JIANG S Q, et al. Research advance of formation mechanism of chicken meat flavor and regulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition2019, 31(2): 500-508., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880450948674531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李蕊蕊, 高彦祥. 脂类与风味物质的相互作用[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2017, 28(8): 201−207. [LI R R, GAO Y X. The interaction between lipids and flavor compounds[J]. China Food Additives, 2017, 28(8): 201−207.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880451015783396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI R R, GAO Y X. The interaction between lipids and flavor compounds[J]. China Food Additives, 2017, 28(8): 201−207., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880451082892261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SPECHT K, BALTES W. Identification of volatile flavor compounds with high aroma values from shallow-fried beef[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1994, 42(10): 2246−2253., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880451150001126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REINECCIUS G A. Flavor chemistry of lipids[M]. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1994: 183-218., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880451221304295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhuo, MA Jibing, MA Guoyuan, et al. The mitochondrial functional characteristics and microstructure play an important role in yak meat color during wet curing[J]. Food Chemistry: X, 2025, 25: 102095., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880451309384680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOTTRAM D S. Flavour formation in meat and meat products: A review[J]. Food Chemistry, 1998, 62(4): 415−424., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880451380687849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵志惠, 张燕东, 盈盈, 等. 固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法测定内蒙古通辽牛肉中挥发性风味物质[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2024, 15(14): 178−187. [ZHAO Z H, ZHANG Y D, YING Y, et al. Determination of volatile flavor compounds in Inner Mongolia Tongliao beef by solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(14): 178−187.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880451468768234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Z H, ZHANG Y D, YING Y, et al. Determination of volatile flavor compounds in Inner Mongolia Tongliao beef by solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(14): 178−187., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453112935403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=昝博文, 彭丛粤, 白婷, 等. 不同加热方式对牛肉品质和挥发性风味的影响[J]. 肉类研究, 2025, 39(8): 24−33. [ZAN B W, PENG C Y, BAI T, et al. Effects of different heating methods on beef quality and volatile flavor[J]. Meat Research, 2025, 39(8): 24−33.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453175849964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZAN B W, PENG C Y, BAI T, et al. Effects of different heating methods on beef quality and volatile flavor[J]. Meat Research, 2025, 39(8): 24−33., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453255541741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAK K H, RICHARDS M P. Hexanal as a predictor of development of oxidation flavor in cured and uncured deli meat products as affected by natural antioxidants[J]. Foods, 2021, 10(1): 152., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453335233518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王兆明, 贺稚非, 李洪军. 脂质和蛋白质氧化对肉品品质影响及交互氧化机制研究进展[J]. 食品科学, 2018, 39(11): 295−301. [WANG Z M, HE Z F, LI H J. A review of the effect of lipid and protein oxidation on meat quality and their interrelationship[J]. Food Science, 2018, 39(11): 295−301.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453393953775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Z M, HE Z F, LI H J. A review of the effect of lipid and protein oxidation on meat quality and their interrelationship[J]. Food Science, 2018, 39(11): 295−301., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453461062640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Ao, WU Wei, SOLADOYE O P, et al. Maillard reaction of food-derived peptides as a potential route to generate meat flavor compounds: A review[J]. Food Research International, 2022, 151: 110823., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453523977201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE D, LEE S, JO C. Application of animal resources into the Maillard reaction model system to improve meat flavor[J]. Food Science of Animal Resources, 2025, 45(1): 303−327., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453578503154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARK H, SEO H, CHO I H. Effect of amino acids in the Maillard reaction products generated from the reaction flavors of Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) protein and d-xylose[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology, 2022, 31(13): 1647−1660., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453645612019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TRAORE S, AUBRY L, GATELLIER P, et al. Effect of heat treatment on protein oxidation in pig meat[J]. Meat Science, 2012, 91(1): 14−21., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453708526580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SOLADOYE O P, JUÁREZ M L, AALHUS J L, et al. Protein oxidation in processed meat: Mechanisms and potential implications on human health[J]. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2015, 14(2): 106−122., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453784024053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAWAZ A, LUO Xiaofang, IRSHAD S, et al. Effect of polyphenol-hydrocolloids interaction on protein oxidation, structure and water distribution properties of thermally processed meat[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2025, 160: 110854., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880453867910134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈跃文. 真空低热处理鲟鱼肉关键品质变化及机理研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江工商大学, 2020. [CHEN Yuewen. Critical quality changes and underlying mechanisms in sturgeon filletsafter low temperature vacuum heating[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Gongshang University, 2020.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880455776318455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Yuewen. Critical quality changes and underlying mechanisms in sturgeon filletsafter low temperature vacuum heating[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Gongshang University, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880455851815928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GATELLIER P, KONDJOYAN A, PORTANGUEN S, et al. Effect of cooking on protein oxidation in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched beef. Implication on nutritional quality[J]. Meat Science, 2010, 85(4): 645−650., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880455931507705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUND M N, LAMETSCH R, HVIID M S, et al. High-oxygen packaging atmosphere influences protein oxidation and tenderness of porcine Longissimus dorsi during chill storage[J]. Meat Science, 2007, 77(3): 295−303., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880457600840698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=UTRERA M, MORCUENDE D, ESTÉVEZ M. Temperature of frozen storage affects the nature and consequences of protein oxidation in beef patties[J]. Meat Science, 2014, 96(3): 1250−1257., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880457676338171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GERBER N, SCHEEDER M R L, WENK C. The influence of cooking and fat trimming on the actual nutrient intake from meat[J]. Meat Science, 2009, 81(1): 148−154., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880457756029948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于跃, 袁玉梅, 彭先杰, 等. 高温肉制品风味物质的形成机理及其影响因素[J]. 保鲜与加工, 2020, 20(3): 210−216. [YU Y, YUAN Y M, PENG X J, et al. Formation mechanism and influencing factors of flavor substances in high-temperature meat products[J]. Storage and Process, 2020, 20(3): 210−216.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880457814750205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Y, YUAN Y M, PENG X J, et al. Formation mechanism and influencing factors of flavor substances in high-temperature meat products[J]. Storage and Process, 2020, 20(3): 210−216., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880457932190718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏玲君. 反应型牛肉香精的研制及其香味活性化合物的分析[D]. 北京: 北京工商大学, 2007. [XIA L J. The rreparation of beef thermo process flavoring and analysis of its aroma active component[D]. Beijing: Beijing Technology and Business University, 2007.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458007688191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA L J. The rreparation of beef thermo process flavoring and analysis of its aroma active component[D]. Beijing: Beijing Technology and Business University, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458087379968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Jingfan, YANG Ping, LIU Junmei, et al. Study of the flavor dissipation mechanism of soy-sauce-marinated beef using flavor matrices[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 437: 137890., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458171265024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张浩, 易宇文, 朱开宪, 等. 基于GC-IMS结合化学计量法分析烧烤过程中温度对牦牛肉风味物质的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2023, 44(22): 337−344. [ZHANG H, YI Y W, ZHU K X, et al. Effect of temperature on flavor substances of yak meat during roasting as analyzed by chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and chemometrics[J]. Food Science, 2023, 44(22): 337−344.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458234179585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H, YI Y W, ZHU K X, et al. Effect of temperature on flavor substances of yak meat during roasting as analyzed by chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and chemometrics[J]. Food Science, 2023, 44(22): 337−344., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458339037186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑渝川, 唐善虎, 王柳, 等. 不同加热方法对牦牛肉中矿物质和维生素含量的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2018, 39(9): 78−83,95. [ZHENG Y C, TANG S H, WANG L, et al. Effects of different heating methods on the contents of minerals and vitamins in yak meat[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2018, 39(9): 78−83,95.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458414534659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG Y C, TANG S H, WANG L, et al. Effects of different heating methods on the contents of minerals and vitamins in yak meat[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2018, 39(9): 78−83,95., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458473254916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=81, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭娅慧, 刘云娜, 吴海玥, 等. 基于GC-IMS分析不同区域牦牛肉特征风味化合物[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(14): 332−340. [GUO Y H, IU Y N, WU H Y, et al. Analysis of characteristic flavor compounds of yak meat in different regions based on GC-IMS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(14): 332−340.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458548752389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=82, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Y H, IU Y N, WU H Y, et al. Analysis of characteristic flavor compounds of yak meat in different regions based on GC-IMS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(14): 332−340., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458607472646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=83, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱彦宾, 闫伟, 孙光明, 等. 西藏林周县不同年龄不同部位牦牛肉营养成分分析[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2022, 57(4): 17−26. [ZHU Y B, YAN W, SUN G M, et al. Nutritional analysis of different-part meat of yaks at different age in Tibetan Linzhou County[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2022, 57(4): 17−26.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458766856199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=84, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Y B, YAN W, SUN G M, et al. Nutritional analysis of different-part meat of yaks at different age in Tibetan Linzhou County[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2022, 57(4): 17−26., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458829770760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=85, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=靳生伟, 孙永刚, 祁增源, 等. 冷季不同饲养方式对青海高原型牦牛肉品质的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2024, 47(23): 6−11. [JIN S W, SUN Y G, QI Z Y, et al. Effects of different feeding methods on meat quality of Qinghai plateau-type yak during the cold season[J]. Feed Research, 2024, 47(23): 6−11.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458892685321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=86, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN S W, SUN Y G, QI Z Y, et al. Effects of different feeding methods on meat quality of Qinghai plateau-type yak during the cold season[J]. Feed Research, 2024, 47(23): 6−11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880458955599882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=87, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李红梅, 包永清, 张红霞, 等. 美仁牦牛肉不同部位常规营养成分及氨基酸和脂肪酸测定分析[J]. 中国牛业科学, 2024, 50(3): 33−36. [LI H M, BAO Y Q, ZHANG H X, et al. Determination and analysis of nutritional components, amino acids and fatty acids in different parts of Meiren yak meat[J]. China Cattle Science, 2024, 50(3): 33−36.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880459022708747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=88, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI H M, BAO Y Q, ZHANG H X, et al. Determination and analysis of nutritional components, amino acids and fatty acids in different parts of Meiren yak meat[J]. China Cattle Science, 2024, 50(3): 33−36., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880459089817612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=89, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张婧年, 李升升, 张艳, 等. 牦牛不同部位肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成分析及营养评价[J]. 现代食品科技, 2025, 41(7): 73−85. [ZHANG J N, LI S S, ZHANG Y, et al. Amino acid and fatty acid composition analysis and nutritional evaluation of yak meat from different Parts[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2025, 41(7): 73−85.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880459161120781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=90, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J N, LI S S, ZHANG Y, et al. Amino acid and fatty acid composition analysis and nutritional evaluation of yak meat from different Parts[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2025, 41(7): 73−85., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880459236618254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=91, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘丽宅, 于丽, 赵洛冰, 等. 排酸时间对沃金黑牛肉嫩度和风味物质的影响[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025, 16(7): 273−281. [LIU L Z, YU L, ZHAO L B, et al. Effects of aging time on meat tenderness and flavor substances of Woking black cattle beef[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(7): 273−281.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880459307921423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=92, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU L Z, YU L, ZHAO L B, et al. Effects of aging time on meat tenderness and flavor substances of Woking black cattle beef[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(7): 273−281., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880459370835984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=67, rfOrder=93, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=UTRERA M, MORCUENDE D, GANHÃO R, et al. Role of phenolics extracting from Rosa canina L. on meat protein oxidation during frozen storage and beef patties processing[J]. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2015, 8(4): 854−864., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880459433750545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=68, rfOrder=94, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOLMAN B W B, COOMBS C E O, MORRIS S, et al. Effect of long term chilled (up to 5 weeks) then frozen (up to 12 months) storage at two different sub-zero holding temperatures on beef: 3. Protein structure degradation and a marker of protein oxidation[J]. Meat Science, 2018, 139: 171−178., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880459509248018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=69, rfOrder=95, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Hongshu, CHEN Junxia, ZHANG Yongxin, et al. Evaluation of the flavor profiles of Yanbian-style sauced beef from differently treated raw beef samples[J]. Food Chemistry: X, 2024, 22: 101505., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880459584745491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=70, rfOrder=96, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Yuanrui, WANG Guiying, YIN Xiaoyan, et al. Effects of different cooking methods on free fatty acid profile, water-soluble compounds and flavor compounds in Chinese Piao chicken meat[J]. Food Research International, 2021, 149: 110696., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463091183636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=71, rfOrder=97, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张燕. 加工方式对牦牛肉蛋白质氧化及消化特性的影响研究[D]. 西宁: 青海大学, 2023. [ZHANG Y. Study on the effects of processing methods on protein oxidationand digestion characteristics of yak meat[D]. Xining: Qinghai university, 2023.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463225401365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=71, rfOrder=98, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y. Study on the effects of processing methods on protein oxidationand digestion characteristics of yak meat[D]. Xining: Qinghai university, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463326064662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=72, rfOrder=99, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Yan, LI Shengsheng, ZHAO Lizhu. Effects of thermal processing and temperature on the quality, protein oxidation, and structural characteristics of yak meat[J]. Journal of Texture Studies, 2023, 54(5): 659−670., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463435116567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=73, rfOrder=100, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZOU Yunhe, KANG Dacheng, LIU Rui, et al. Effects of ultrasonic assisted cooking on the chemical profiles of taste and flavor of spiced beef[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2018, 46: 36−45., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463510614040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=74, rfOrder=101, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李昀展, 陈俊霞, 周阳, 等. 不同杀菌方式对延边酱牛肉挥发性风味物质的影响[J]. 食品科技, 2024, 49(2): 106−110. [LI Y Z, CHEN J X, ZHOU Y, et al. Influence of different sterilization methods on the volatile flavor substances of Yanbian-style sauced beef[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2024, 49(2): 106−110.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463586111513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=74, rfOrder=102, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y Z, CHEN J X, ZHOU Y, et al. Influence of different sterilization methods on the volatile flavor substances of Yanbian-style sauced beef[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2024, 49(2): 106−110., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463661608986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=75, rfOrder=103, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王俊钢, 李宇辉, 岳建平. 不同干燥条件对风干牛肉品质影响[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2023, 44(16): 76−84. [WANG J G, LI Y H, YUE J P. Effects of different drying conditions on beef quality[J]. Food Research and Development, 2023, 44(16): 76−84.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463749689371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=75, rfOrder=104, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG J G, LI Y H, YUE J P. Effects of different drying conditions on beef quality[J]. Food Research and Development, 2023, 44(16): 76−84., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463825186844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=76, rfOrder=105, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏超. 烤制过程中牛肉脂质和蛋白质的氧化规律及晚期糖基化终产物对小鼠健康的影响[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2022. [XIA C. Oxidation law of beef lipid and protein under roasting conditions and the effect of advanced glycation end products on the health of mice[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2022.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880463909072925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=76, rfOrder=106, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA C. Oxidation law of beef lipid and protein under roasting conditions and the effect of advanced glycation end products on the health of mice[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464001347614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=77, rfOrder=107, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROLDAN M, ANTEQUERA T, ARMENTEROS M, et al. Effect of different temperature–time combinations on lipid and protein oxidation of sous-vide cooked lamb loins[J]. Food Chemistry, 2014, 149: 129−136., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464085233695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=78, rfOrder=108, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BYRNE D V, BREDIE W L P, MOTTRAM D S, et al. Sensory and chemical investigations on the effect of oven cooking on warmed-over flavour development in chicken meat[J]. Meat Science, 2002, 61(2): 127−139., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464181702688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=79, rfOrder=109, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高子武. 超声波协同低温卤煮对牛肉品质特性的影响及蛋白质氧化作用研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2022. [GAO Ziwu. Study on the effect of ultrasound-assisted sous-cide cooking on the quality characteristics and protein oxidation of spiced beef[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2022.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464257200161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=79, rfOrder=110, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Ziwu. Study on the effect of ultrasound-assisted sous-cide cooking on the quality characteristics and protein oxidation of spiced beef[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464349474850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=80, rfOrder=111, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗章, 马美湖, 孙术国, 等. 不同加热处理对牦牛肉风味组成和质构特性的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2012, 33(15): 148−154. [LUO Z, MA M H, SUN S G, et al. Effects of different heat treatments on flavor and texture characteristics of cooked yak meat[J]. Food Science, 2012, 33(15): 148−154.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464420778019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=80, rfOrder=112, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO Z, MA M H, SUN S G, et al. Effects of different heat treatments on flavor and texture characteristics of cooked yak meat[J]. Food Science, 2012, 33(15): 148−154., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464496275492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=81, rfOrder=113, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yujiao, BU Xinrong, YANG Dawei, et al. Effect of cooking method and doneness degree on volatile compounds and taste substance of Pingliang red beef[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(3): 446., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464567578661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=82, rfOrder=114, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟祥忍, 高子武, 王恒鹏, 等. 主成分分析法构建循环卤煮牛肉挥发性风味强度评价模型[J]. 食品与机械, 2022, 38(10): 29−36. [MENG X R, GAO Z W, WANG H P, et al. Construction of evaluation model of volatile flavor intensity of cyclic stewed beef based on principal component analysis[J]. Food & Machinery, 2022, 38(10): 29−36.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464638881830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=82, rfOrder=115, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG X R, GAO Z W, WANG H P, et al. Construction of evaluation model of volatile flavor intensity of cyclic stewed beef based on principal component analysis[J]. Food & Machinery, 2022, 38(10): 29−36., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464743739431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=83, rfOrder=116, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG Hui, YANG Zhen, LIU Meng, et al. Time-dependent categorization of volatile aroma compound formation in stewed Chinese spicy beef using electron nose profile coupled with thermal desorption GC–MS detection[J]. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2017, 6(3): 137−146., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880464831819816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=84, rfOrder=117, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙灵霞, 张文韬, 李苗云, 等. 5个不同部位牛肉的煎制风味差异性研究[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2025, 59(1): 146−154. [SUN L X, ZHANG W T, LI M Y, et al. Study on the difference of frying flavor of beef from five different parts[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2025, 59(1): 146−154.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880466505347113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=84, rfOrder=118, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN L X, ZHANG W T, LI M Y, et al. Study on the difference of frying flavor of beef from five different parts[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2025, 59(1): 146−154., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880466576650282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=85, rfOrder=119, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘森轩. 基于牛肉酶解和定向美拉德反应的烤牛肉风味物质形成[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2015. [LIU S X. The formation of volatile aromatic compounds of roast beef based on enzymaic hydrolysis and directional Maillard reaction[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880466643759147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=85, rfOrder=120, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU S X. The formation of volatile aromatic compounds of roast beef based on enzymaic hydrolysis and directional Maillard reaction[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880466710868012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=86, rfOrder=121, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马雪媛, 张淼, 代芹燕, 等. 烤制方式对牛肉挥发性风味物质的影响[J]. 食品与机械, 2025, 41(6): 26−35. [MA X Y, ZHANG M, DAI Q Y, et al. Effects of different roasting methods on volatile flavor compounds in beef[J]. Food & Machinery, 2025, 41(6): 26−35.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880466798948397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=86, rfOrder=122, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA X Y, ZHANG M, DAI Q Y, et al. Effects of different roasting methods on volatile flavor compounds in beef[J]. Food & Machinery, 2025, 41(6): 26−35., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880466878640174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=87, rfOrder=123, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姜薇, 强宇, 刘成江, 等. 香辛料对酱卤牛肉的赋味效应解析[J]. 现代食品科技, 2022, 38(10): 249−260. [JIANG W, QIANG Y, LIU C J, et al. Profile analysis of tastant compounds contributed by spices to stewed beef[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2022, 38(10): 249−260.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880466949943343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=87, rfOrder=124, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG W, QIANG Y, LIU C J, et al. Profile analysis of tastant compounds contributed by spices to stewed beef[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2022, 38(10): 249−260., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467025440816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=88, rfOrder=125, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王南南. 现代食品加工技术对传统烹饪方法的影响分析[J]. 现代食品, 2024, 30(16): 45−47. [WANG Nannan. Analysis of the influence of modern food processing technology on traditional cooking methods[J]. Modern Food, 2024, 30(16): 45−47.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467096743985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=88, rfOrder=126, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Nannan. Analysis of the influence of modern food processing technology on traditional cooking methods[J]. Modern Food, 2024, 30(16): 45−47., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467176435762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=89, rfOrder=127, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Junguang, SUN Chenhao, MA Wuchao, et al. The effects of assisted freezing with different ultrasound power rates on the quality and flavor of braised beef[J]. Foods, 2024, 13(10): 1566., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467235156019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=90, rfOrder=128, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE Chao, ZHANG Zhankai, ZHANG Zhihong, et al. Improving the flavour of enzymatically hydrolysed beef liquid by sonication[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(24): 4460., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467314847796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=91, rfOrder=129, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Sining, TANG Shanhu, YAN Liguo, et al. Effects of microwave heating on physicochemical properties, microstructure and volatile profiles of yak meat[J]. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2019, 47(1): 262−272., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467390345269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=92, rfOrder=130, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李素, 赵燕, 闵成军, 等. 梯度升温和恒定高温杀菌对红烧牛肉挥发性物质影响[J]. 食品科学, 2026, 47(2): 215−222. [LI S, ZHAO Y, MIN C J, et al. Effects of gradient heating sterilization and constant high temperature sterilization on volatile flavor substances of braised beef[J]. Food Science, 2026, 47(2): 215−222.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467457454134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=92, rfOrder=131, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI S, ZHAO Y, MIN C J, et al. Effects of gradient heating sterilization and constant high temperature sterilization on volatile flavor substances of braised beef[J]. Food Science, 2026, 47(2): 215−222., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467524562999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=93, rfOrder=132, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARK J W, LEE S H, KIM H W, et al. Application of extrusion-based 3D food printing to regulate marbling patterns of restructured beef steak[J]. Meat Science, 2023, 202: 109203., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467612643384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=94, rfOrder=133, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALASALVAR H, KOCER ALASALVAR G, YILDIRIM Z. Effect of partial fat replacement by hazelnut oil microcapsules in beef burger formulations on physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and sensory attributes[J]. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2022, 46(5)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467688140857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=95, rfOrder=134, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯美琴, 曾晓庆, 孙健. 基于美拉德反应分析加工过程中酱牛肉风味物质变化[J]. 食品科学, 2024, 45(24): 139−149. [FENG M Q, ZENG X Q, SUN J. Changes in flavor substances of sauced beef during processing based on the Maillard reaction[J]. Food Science, 2024, 45(24): 139−149.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467751055418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=95, rfOrder=135, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG M Q, ZENG X Q, SUN J. Changes in flavor substances of sauced beef during processing based on the Maillard reaction[J]. Food Science, 2024, 45(24): 139−149., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467834941499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=96, rfOrder=136, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LINGHU Ziyi, KARIM F, TAGHVAEI M, et al. Amino acids effects on heterocyclic amines formation and physicochemical properties in pan-fried beef patties[J]. Journal of Food Science, 2020, 85(4): 1361−1370., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467897856060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=97, rfOrder=137, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙梦, 包清彬, 陈晓刚, 等. 还原糖和氨基酸体系制备牛肉香精的优化研究[J]. 中国调味品, 2017, 42(9): 19−25. [SUN M, BAO Q B, CHEN X G, et al. Study on optimization of beef flavor preparation by reducing sugar and amino acid system[J]. China Condiment, 2017, 42(9): 19−25.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880467977547837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=97, rfOrder=138, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN M, BAO Q B, CHEN X G, et al. Study on optimization of beef flavor preparation by reducing sugar and amino acid system[J]. China Condiment, 2017, 42(9): 19−25., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880468048851006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=98, rfOrder=139, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Shixin, ZHANG Yawei, ZHOU Guanghong, et al. Lipolytic degradation, water and flavor properties of low sodium dry cured beef[J]. International Journal of Food Properties, 2019, 22(1): 1322−1339., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880468107571263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=99, rfOrder=140, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZOU Jinhao, SHEN Hongyun, LI Anping, et al. The effect of lactic acid bacteria as a starter on the microbial community and flavors of the fermented beef-soybean paste[J]. Food Chemistry, 2025, 484: 144328., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880468166291520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=100, rfOrder=141, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=鄢嫣, 杨明柳, 周迎芹, 等. 不同发酵剂对发酵牛肉品质、风味特性和安全性的影响[J]. 中国食品学报, 2024, 24(4): 170−185. [YAN Y, YANG M L, ZHOU Y Q, et al. Effects of different starter cultures on the quality, flavor characteristics and safety of fermented beef[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 24(4): 170−185.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880468266954817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=100, rfOrder=142, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN Y, YANG M L, ZHOU Y Q, et al. Effects of different starter cultures on the quality, flavor characteristics and safety of fermented beef[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 24(4): 170−185., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880468329869378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=101, rfOrder=143, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Peiwen, ZENG Xiaofang, BAI Weidong, et al. Gamma-glutamylation of beef protein hydrolysates to improve its overall taste and functions of gastro-intestinal hormone (CCK and GLP-1) pro-secretion and anti-inflammation[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 452: 139466., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880437413655430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437422044039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437430432648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880437505930121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437514318730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437522707339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880444460086187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Precursors of beef flavor and their transformation pathways, figureFileSmall=Oe8hPAsjL6WF4AbPyKP3Og==, figureFileBig=CPcxIGaCLg6YeH4CAU4MIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880444527195052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=CN, label=图1, caption=牛肉风味前体物质及其转化途径, figureFileSmall=Oe8hPAsjL6WF4AbPyKP3Og==, figureFileBig=CPcxIGaCLg6YeH4CAU4MIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880444724327341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main flavor substances in beef

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
味道氨基酸核苷酸小分子肽维生素其他
酸D-天冬氨酸(D-Asp)、D-谷氨酸(D-Glu)−−VC乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、肌酸等有机酸
甜丙氨酸(Ala)、甘氨酸(Gly)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、D-缬氨酸(D-Val)、D-组氨酸(D-His)、D-丙氨酸(D-Ala)等5′-腺嘌呤核苷(5′-AMP)−−葡萄糖、核糖等还原糖
苦苯丙氨酸(Phe)、缬氨酸(Val)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、组氨酸(His)、甲硫氨酸(Met)、亮氨酸|(Leu)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、精氨酸(Arg)、D-脯氨酸(D-Pro)、D-精氨酸(D-Arg)次黄嘌呤核苷(HxR)、次黄嘌呤(Hx)Leu-Leu、Phe-Leu、Pro-Phe-Phe、Leu-Leu-ProVE、VB1、VB2、VB3、VB12肌酸
咸−−−−无机盐、琥珀酸
鲜天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)5′-鸟嘌呤核苷(5′-GMP)、5′-次黄嘌呤核苷酸(5′-IMP)、5′-腺嘌呤核苷(5′-AMP)Glu-Gly、Glu-Leu、Glu-Ser、Asp-Gly、Glu-Glu-Ser、Asp-Glu-Gly−琥珀酸
), ArticleFig(id=1320880444837573550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

牛肉中的主要呈味物质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
味道氨基酸核苷酸小分子肽维生素其他
酸D-天冬氨酸(D-Asp)、D-谷氨酸(D-Glu)−−VC乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、肌酸等有机酸
甜丙氨酸(Ala)、甘氨酸(Gly)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、D-缬氨酸(D-Val)、D-组氨酸(D-His)、D-丙氨酸(D-Ala)等5′-腺嘌呤核苷(5′-AMP)−−葡萄糖、核糖等还原糖
苦苯丙氨酸(Phe)、缬氨酸(Val)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、组氨酸(His)、甲硫氨酸(Met)、亮氨酸|(Leu)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、精氨酸(Arg)、D-脯氨酸(D-Pro)、D-精氨酸(D-Arg)次黄嘌呤核苷(HxR)、次黄嘌呤(Hx)Leu-Leu、Phe-Leu、Pro-Phe-Phe、Leu-Leu-ProVE、VB1、VB2、VB3、VB12肌酸
咸−−−−无机盐、琥珀酸
鲜天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)5′-鸟嘌呤核苷(5′-GMP)、5′-次黄嘌呤核苷酸(5′-IMP)、5′-腺嘌呤核苷(5′-AMP)Glu-Gly、Glu-Leu、Glu-Ser、Asp-Gly、Glu-Glu-Ser、Asp-Glu-Gly−琥珀酸
), ArticleFig(id=1320880444913071023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Principles, advantages and disadvantages of flavor detection technologies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测技术原理检测限优点缺点
GC-MS利用GC分离样品中的挥发性成分,经MS离子源将气态分子转化为碎片离子,并在真空下按质荷比分离,以实现对风味化合物的鉴定pg级灵敏度高、分辨率高、定性能力强前处理复杂、检测周期长、运行成本高、对低浓度化合物敏感度低、对高分子化合物(>1000 Da)无效
GC-O-MS对GC分离后成分进行分流,一部分进入MS进行离子化和鉴定,一部分进入嗅闻端口由评价员描述感知气味,以实现化学和感官的同步分析pg-fg级灵敏度高、基质解析能力强、检测范围广、准确性高重复性差、耗时长、成本高、对低挥发性和高阈值化合物敏感度低
GC-IMS样品中挥发性成分经GC分离后,进入IMS电离区形成离子,使离子在弱电场飘移过程中与逆流中性气体分子碰撞,根据迁移率差异实现二次分离并得到离子迁移指纹图谱ppb-ppt级操作简便、灵敏度高、响应快、稳定性好、能检测小分子和低含量化合物、可实时检测与分析、成本低定性能力较弱、线性动态范围较窄、重复性较差、存在基质效应,影响定量准确性
GC×GC-TOFMS利用调制器浓缩聚集第一维(非极性柱)分离后的馏出物,并将其注入第二维(极性柱)实现二次分离,后使用TOFMS同步采集数据,以实现风味物质的准确定性定量分析pg级灵敏度高、分辨率高、分析鉴定能力强、峰容量和分离能
力高
数据分析难度高、成本高、耗时长、前处理复杂
电子鼻模拟嗅觉功能,利用传感器阵列对目标气体进行检测,并将检测到的信号转换为电信号输出,以识别和检测出各类气味ppb级操作简便、分析迅速、便携性好、可进行气味差异鉴定易受环境干扰、无法精确到具体风味物质
), ArticleFig(id=1320880444984374192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

风味检测技术原理和优缺点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测技术原理检测限优点缺点
GC-MS利用GC分离样品中的挥发性成分,经MS离子源将气态分子转化为碎片离子,并在真空下按质荷比分离,以实现对风味化合物的鉴定pg级灵敏度高、分辨率高、定性能力强前处理复杂、检测周期长、运行成本高、对低浓度化合物敏感度低、对高分子化合物(>1000 Da)无效
GC-O-MS对GC分离后成分进行分流,一部分进入MS进行离子化和鉴定,一部分进入嗅闻端口由评价员描述感知气味,以实现化学和感官的同步分析pg-fg级灵敏度高、基质解析能力强、检测范围广、准确性高重复性差、耗时长、成本高、对低挥发性和高阈值化合物敏感度低
GC-IMS样品中挥发性成分经GC分离后,进入IMS电离区形成离子,使离子在弱电场飘移过程中与逆流中性气体分子碰撞,根据迁移率差异实现二次分离并得到离子迁移指纹图谱ppb-ppt级操作简便、灵敏度高、响应快、稳定性好、能检测小分子和低含量化合物、可实时检测与分析、成本低定性能力较弱、线性动态范围较窄、重复性较差、存在基质效应,影响定量准确性
GC×GC-TOFMS利用调制器浓缩聚集第一维(非极性柱)分离后的馏出物,并将其注入第二维(极性柱)实现二次分离,后使用TOFMS同步采集数据,以实现风味物质的准确定性定量分析pg级灵敏度高、分辨率高、分析鉴定能力强、峰容量和分离能
力高
数据分析难度高、成本高、耗时长、前处理复杂
电子鼻模拟嗅觉功能,利用传感器阵列对目标气体进行检测,并将检测到的信号转换为电信号输出,以识别和检测出各类气味ppb级操作简便、分析迅速、便携性好、可进行气味差异鉴定易受环境干扰、无法精确到具体风味物质
), ArticleFig(id=1320880445072454577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Characteristic flavor substances in beef after different processing treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加工方法加工条件肌肉部位特征风味物质参考文献
煮制沸水煮制3 min牛里脊肉庚醛和壬醛[24]
沸水煮制30 min新鲜牛肉甲苯、正丁醚和苯[42]
超声波辅助真空63 ℃低温煮制3 h新鲜牛肉正己醛
真空63 ℃低温煮制3 h新鲜牛肉3-甲基-1-戊醇、顺-2-戊烯-1-醇和乙二醇丁醚
卤制酱卤三种酱卤牛肉(商品)半腱肌丁香油、4-甲基-5-羟基乙基噻唑、二甲基三硫醚、1-辛烯-3-酮、茴香脑、芳樟醇、1,8-桉叶素、3-羟基-2-丁酮等[58]
冷鲜肉、热鲜肉、冷冻肉制作黄牛臀部己醛、庚醛、3-辛烯-1-醇和2,3-辛二酮[69]
超声波协同低温煮制牛金钱腱己醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、癸醛、十二醛及丁香酚[79]
60 min循环卤煮黄牛金钱腱正己醛、十一醛、壬醛、正己醇、3-甲基戊烷、桉叶油醇和茴香脑[82]
加香辛料包炖煮4 h冷冻牛肉3-甲基丁醛、戊醛、己醛、对二甲苯、庚醛、柠檬烯、γ-贴品烯、辛醛、芳樟醇、4-萜品醇和2,3-辛二酮[83]
涮制切5 cm×5 cm×2 mm薄片沸水涮制30 s牛里脊己醛、(E,E)-2,4 -癸二烯醛、乙偶姻、辛醛[23]
背最长肌己醛和(E,E)-2,4 -癸二烯醛
股二头肌己醛、(E,E)-2,4 - 癸二烯醛、辛醛、1-辛烯-3-醇等
蒸制万能蒸烤箱蒸制30 min新鲜牛肉正戊醛和丙酸异丁酯[42]
炒制热锅翻炒4 min牛里脊肉苯甲醛和丁酮[24]
煎制190~200 ℃煎制5 min牛里脊肉(E)-2-庚烯醛和(E)-2-己烯醛
230~260 ℃煎制中心温度为63~65 ℃牛腱苯甲醛[84]
眼肉3-甲基丁醇
牛后2,3-戊二酮和z-3-己烯醇
牛腩丁醛
上脑2-丙醇、1-己醇、2-戊酮和3-甲基-3-丁烯醇
红烧红烧牛肉于4 ℃冷藏6 d后,100 ℃水浴加热
10 min
牛肩肉己醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛、戊醛、癸醛、辛醛、庚醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、(E)-2-十一烯醛等[25]
烤制180 ℃烤制14 min牛里脊肉3-羟基-2-丁酮、乙酸丙酯和乙酸乙酯[24]
60、120、180、240、300 ℃下分别烤制7 min牦牛后腿肉乳酸乙酯、2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚、2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉、5-壬酮、水杨酸乙酯、1-丙醇、1-戊烯-3-酮、(E)-2-庚烯醛酯等[59]
酶解+定向美拉德反应,120 ℃烤制牛背最长肌2-甲基-3-呋喃硫醇、2-甲基四氢噻吩-3-酮
和3-3-双(2-甲基-3-呋喃基)二硫
[85]
烤箱200 ℃烤制10 min牛里脊辛烷醛、(E)-2-癸烯醛和1-辛醇[86]
微波功率850 W烤制3 min牛里脊己酸对硝基苯酯、己酸和十二烷酸
电烤盘1200 W,110 ℃烤制10 min牛里脊二十烷、己二酸二丁酯和胡莫柳酯
干制55 ℃下干燥27 h后牛腿肉丁酸丙酯、2-苯乙醇、丙酸异丁酯、松油烯、3-呋喃甲醇等[75]
65 ℃下干燥21 h后牛腿肉甲硫基丙醛和2-甲基乙酸丁酯
), ArticleFig(id=1320880445185700786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同加工处理后牛肉的特征风味物质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加工方法加工条件肌肉部位特征风味物质参考文献
煮制沸水煮制3 min牛里脊肉庚醛和壬醛[24]
沸水煮制30 min新鲜牛肉甲苯、正丁醚和苯[42]
超声波辅助真空63 ℃低温煮制3 h新鲜牛肉正己醛
真空63 ℃低温煮制3 h新鲜牛肉3-甲基-1-戊醇、顺-2-戊烯-1-醇和乙二醇丁醚
卤制酱卤三种酱卤牛肉(商品)半腱肌丁香油、4-甲基-5-羟基乙基噻唑、二甲基三硫醚、1-辛烯-3-酮、茴香脑、芳樟醇、1,8-桉叶素、3-羟基-2-丁酮等[58]
冷鲜肉、热鲜肉、冷冻肉制作黄牛臀部己醛、庚醛、3-辛烯-1-醇和2,3-辛二酮[69]
超声波协同低温煮制牛金钱腱己醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、癸醛、十二醛及丁香酚[79]
60 min循环卤煮黄牛金钱腱正己醛、十一醛、壬醛、正己醇、3-甲基戊烷、桉叶油醇和茴香脑[82]
加香辛料包炖煮4 h冷冻牛肉3-甲基丁醛、戊醛、己醛、对二甲苯、庚醛、柠檬烯、γ-贴品烯、辛醛、芳樟醇、4-萜品醇和2,3-辛二酮[83]
涮制切5 cm×5 cm×2 mm薄片沸水涮制30 s牛里脊己醛、(E,E)-2,4 -癸二烯醛、乙偶姻、辛醛[23]
背最长肌己醛和(E,E)-2,4 -癸二烯醛
股二头肌己醛、(E,E)-2,4 - 癸二烯醛、辛醛、1-辛烯-3-醇等
蒸制万能蒸烤箱蒸制30 min新鲜牛肉正戊醛和丙酸异丁酯[42]
炒制热锅翻炒4 min牛里脊肉苯甲醛和丁酮[24]
煎制190~200 ℃煎制5 min牛里脊肉(E)-2-庚烯醛和(E)-2-己烯醛
230~260 ℃煎制中心温度为63~65 ℃牛腱苯甲醛[84]
眼肉3-甲基丁醇
牛后2,3-戊二酮和z-3-己烯醇
牛腩丁醛
上脑2-丙醇、1-己醇、2-戊酮和3-甲基-3-丁烯醇
红烧红烧牛肉于4 ℃冷藏6 d后,100 ℃水浴加热
10 min
牛肩肉己醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛、戊醛、癸醛、辛醛、庚醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、(E)-2-十一烯醛等[25]
烤制180 ℃烤制14 min牛里脊肉3-羟基-2-丁酮、乙酸丙酯和乙酸乙酯[24]
60、120、180、240、300 ℃下分别烤制7 min牦牛后腿肉乳酸乙酯、2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚、2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉、5-壬酮、水杨酸乙酯、1-丙醇、1-戊烯-3-酮、(E)-2-庚烯醛酯等[59]
酶解+定向美拉德反应,120 ℃烤制牛背最长肌2-甲基-3-呋喃硫醇、2-甲基四氢噻吩-3-酮
和3-3-双(2-甲基-3-呋喃基)二硫
[85]
烤箱200 ℃烤制10 min牛里脊辛烷醛、(E)-2-癸烯醛和1-辛醇[86]
微波功率850 W烤制3 min牛里脊己酸对硝基苯酯、己酸和十二烷酸
电烤盘1200 W,110 ℃烤制10 min牛里脊二十烷、己二酸二丁酯和胡莫柳酯
干制55 ℃下干燥27 h后牛腿肉丁酸丙酯、2-苯乙醇、丙酸异丁酯、松油烯、3-呋喃甲醇等[75]
65 ℃下干燥21 h后牛腿肉甲硫基丙醛和2-甲基乙酸丁酯
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1260987317930967064, delFlag=0, nameCn=食品工业科技, nameEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-0306, eissn=null, cn=11-1759/TS, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1778572404609, updatedTime=1788949639446, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Agriculture, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Agriculture, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, picEn=k9cXIKW0r+dhvmYbf8WDQQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304512595617145106, language=CN, name=食品工业科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949639467, updatedTime=1788949639467, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304512595688448275, language=EN, name=Science and Technology of Food Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949639484, updatedTime=1788949639484, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1260987677001138203, websiteList=[Website(id=1260990269093196609, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1260987677001138203, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1778573108218, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778573937722, updateBy=18614031015, name=食品工业科技-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=食品工业科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260993882188333840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778573969647, updateTime=1778573969647, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993881970230029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778573969595, updateTime=1778573969595, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882259637011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969664, updateTime=1778573969664, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993881940869900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/file/pic?fileId=m5/V/nQKn3zR0EIDYaiOEA==, createTime=1778573969588, updateTime=1778573969588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882284802837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969670, updateTime=1778573969670, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882175750927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1778573969644, updateTime=1778573969644, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882276414228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969668, updateTime=1778573969668, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882049921806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1778573969614, updateTime=1778573969614, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882196722449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778573969649, updateTime=1778573969649, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882234471186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778573969658, updateTime=1778573969658, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1260990269265163062, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1260987677001138203, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1778573108259, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778573934408, updateBy=18614031015, name=食品工业科技-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science and Technology of Food Industry, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260993842489246463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778573960182, updateTime=1778573960182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842438914812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778573960170, updateTime=1778573960170, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842510217986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960187, updateTime=1778573960187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842430526203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/file/pic?fileId=m5/V/nQKn3zR0EIDYaiOEA==, createTime=1778573960168, updateTime=1778573960168, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842531189508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960192, updateTime=1778573960192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842476663550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1778573960179, updateTime=1778573960179, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842522800899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960190, updateTime=1778573960190, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842447303421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1778573960172, updateTime=1778573960172, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842497635072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778573960184, updateTime=1778573960184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842506023681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778573960186, updateTime=1778573960186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=食品工业科技, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.spgykj.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, journalPhotoCn=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, journalPhotoEn=k9cXIKW0r+dhvmYbf8WDQQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/PDF/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/PDF/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1789401600000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
加工过程中牛肉风味形成机制研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
郭露 1 , 李升升 1, 2, * , 马纪兵 2 , 张艳 2
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏—食品风味感知前沿与应用(客座主编:刘源、孙金沅、寇兴然、程焕;产业顾问:陈丽) 2026,47(18): 52-64
收起
收藏切换
食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏—食品风味感知前沿与应用(客座主编:刘源、孙金沅、寇兴然、程焕;产业顾问:陈丽) 2026 , 47 (18) : 52 -64
加工过程中牛肉风味形成机制研究进展
全屏
[Author(id=1320880437606593421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=17308394821@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880437682090895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880437606593421, language=EN, stringName=Lu GUO, firstName=Lu, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880437745005456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880437606593421, language=CN, stringName=郭露, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016, bio={"content":"

郭露(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

郭露(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880437413655430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437422044039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437430432648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016)])]), Author(id=1320880437816308626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lishsh123@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880437900194709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880437816308626, language=EN, stringName=Shengsheng LI, firstName=Shengsheng, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880437967303574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880437816308626, language=CN, stringName=李升升, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016
2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880437413655430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437422044039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437430432648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437413655430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880437505930121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437514318730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437522707339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016)])]), Author(id=1320880438038606744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880438130881434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880438038606744, language=EN, stringName=Jibing MA, firstName=Jibing, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880439770854299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880438038606744, language=CN, stringName=马纪兵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880437505930121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437514318730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437522707339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016)])]), Author(id=1320880439871517597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880441813480351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880439871517597, language=EN, stringName=Yan ZHANG, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880441884783520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, authorId=1320880439871517597, language=CN, stringName=张艳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880437505930121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437514318730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880437522707339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880436407022465, companyId=1320880437505930121, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016)])])]
郭露1 , 李升升1, 2, * , 马纪兵2, 张艳2
作者信息
  • 1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016
  • 2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016
通讯作者:
李升升(1984−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:动物性食品科学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

郭露(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏工程,E-mail:

Research Progress on the Formation Mechanism of Beef Flavor during Processing
Lu GUO1 , Shengsheng LI1, 2, * , Jibing MA2, Yan ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
  • 2Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xining 810016, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199
文章导航
收藏切换

牛肉风味是决定消费者接受度和食品品质的关键因素。国内外学者从牛肉本身的风味差异、宰后储藏过程中的风味变化、不同加工方法对牛肉风味的影响等多角度开展了牛肉风味形成的研究。基于此,本文系统总结了牛肉的风味物质来源及其形成途径,从原料牛肉风味差异、加工方法和加工参数对风味形成的影响、风味形成途径调控等角度详细阐述牛肉在加工过程中的风味变化,从而全面概述牛肉风味形成的机制,以期为加工过程中牛肉风味精准调控提供理论依据与技术指导。

牛肉  /  风味  /  形成途径  /  调控  /  机制

Beef flavor is crucial for consumer acceptance and food quality. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted research on the formation of beef flavor from multiple perspectives including inherent flavor differences in beef, flavor changes during post-slaughter storage, and the effects of different processing methods on beef flavor. Based on this, this paper systematically summarizes the sources and formation pathways of beef flavor compounds, and elaborates on the flavor changes in beef during processing from the perspectives of flavor differences in raw beef, the impacts of processing methods and parameters on flavor formation, and the regulation of flavor formation pathways. Thus, it comprehensively outlines the mechanisms underlying beef flavor formation, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the precise regulation of beef flavor during processing.

beef  /  flavor  /  formation pathways  /  regulation  /  mechanism
郭露, 李升升, 马纪兵, 张艳. 加工过程中牛肉风味形成机制研究进展. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 52 -64 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199
Lu GUO, Shengsheng LI, Jibing MA, Yan ZHANG. Research Progress on the Formation Mechanism of Beef Flavor during Processing[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 52 -64 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199
牛肉是一种富含优质蛋白质、多不饱和脂肪酸以及锌、铁等矿物质的优质食材,具有补气养血、强筋壮骨、补脾益胃、增强免疫力、促进生长发育等功效,在膳食结构中占有重要地位[1]。近年来,随着畜牧业的快速发展与饮食结构的升级,我国已成为全球第一大牛肉进口国、第二大牛肉消费国以及第三大牛肉生产国[2]。而适口性作为衡量牛肉整体风味的重要标准,主要由嫩度、多汁性和风味共同决定[3]。欧洲消费者对牛肉感官特性与整体喜好度的调查结果显示,风味(39%)是影响消费者牛肉喜好度的首要因素,其次是嫩度(31%)和多汁性(24%)[4]。随着消费者对高品质牛肉需求的不断增长,牛肉风味作为影响消费者接受度和食用品质的主要因素,正逐渐成为产业关注的焦点[5]。
风味作为感官核心,主要由气味和滋味共同组成[5]。气味的主要来源是挥发性风味物质,贡献了80%左右的风味强度;滋味则主要与风味前体物质有关,二者相互作用,共同形成了肉类独有的特征风味。据目前相关研究结果可知,牛肉中的挥发性风味化合物主要来源于脂质氧化、美拉德反应、蛋白质氧化、硫胺素热降解以及各产物间的相互反应[6−7]。Zhu等[8]研究发现,在热加工过程中,牛肉风味的差异与不同脂质氧化程度所产生的芳香化合物密切相关,且该反应所产生的己醛、壬醛、(E)-2-十一烯醛等脂肪醛类对熟牛肉香气的形成具有显著贡献[7,9]。Yang等[10]研究表明:适当调控牛肉加工过程中的美拉德反应,可以促进吡嗪和呋喃等物质的形成,以增强牛肉的鲜味、咸味和烤肉味,并减少苦味。而邱月等[11]研究发现,蛋白质氧化会促进苯甲醛、2-壬酮、甲基二硫醚和3-甲硫基丙醛四种异味物质的形成,从而对牛肉风味产生负面影响。硫胺素热降解则是含硫风味物质的重要来源[12]。蛋白质氧化、脂质氧化和美拉德反应之间还存在较强的相互作用,Xia等[13]研究发现,随着烤制温度的升高,蛋白质氧化程度逐渐上升,且脂质氧化程度受美拉德反应中间产物席夫碱类物质的影响,呈先增后降的趋势;此外,在加工过程中,牛肉中的氨基酸残基也会与丙二醛、4-羟基-2-壬烯醛等物质通过共价结合的方式间接促进蛋白质氧化。尽管众多学者围绕牛肉风味展开了广泛研究,但现有成果多呈现碎片化特征,缺乏对牛肉风味物质形成机制的系统性整合。
因此,本文旨在梳理并总结近几年有关牛肉风味物质形成的相关研究,全面且系统地阐述牛肉风味物质的形成机制,为提升牛肉感官品质、推动高附加值产品开发提供理论依据与技术支撑。
风味作为食品感官的核心要素,是由滋味和气味共同构成的多维度感知系统[14]。
滋味是食物对口腔中味觉受体细胞所产生的综合感知,包括酸、甜、苦、咸、鲜五种基本味觉,主要由氨基酸、核苷酸、还原糖、有机酸、维生素、小分子肽等非挥发性或水溶性化合物产生[5]。由表1可知,氨基酸、核苷酸、小分子肽和维生素主要提供甜味、苦味和鲜味。其中氨基酸的呈味效果受其结构和浓度的影响较大,除D-脯氨酸(D-Pro)和D-精氨酸(D-Arg)呈苦味,D-天冬氨酸(D-Asp)和D-谷氨酸(D-Glu)呈酸味外,其他D-氨基酸均呈现甜味;而L-氨基酸的滋味则是随浓度变化呈现多样化,涵盖了五种基本味觉,如:L-丙氨酸(L-Ala)在浓度较低时呈甜味,但在高浓度环境中却呈鲜味[15]。此外,滋味物质之间还存在显著的协同效应。Akitomi等[16]研究发现,在苦味氨基酸中添加L-精氨酸(L-Arg)可以降低苦味传感器的响应值。Zhang等[17]证实了谷氨酸(Glu)与5′-次黄嘌呤核苷酸(5′-IMP)的协同效应源于T1R1/T1R3受体的变构激活,且5′-IMP可以显著提升Glu的鲜味。
气味是鼻腔嗅觉上皮的嗅觉感受器对醛类、酚类、烃类、杂环化合物及含硫化合物等挥发性化合物的综合感知[18]。这些挥发性化合物主要为加工过程中脂质氧化、美拉德反应、蛋白质氧化和硫胺素热降解的反应产物。它们与滋味物质之间存在跨模态相互作用,如:甲基异丁香酚和丁香酚可以干扰嗅觉受体神经元的激活;苯甲酸甲酯可以诱发大鼠磷脂酰基醇3-激酶(PI3K)依赖性抑制,从而增强嗅觉受体神经元的兴奋性[19−20]。由此可见,滋味和气味共同形成了肉类独有的复杂风味特征。
在近几年的研究中,常用于风味检测的技术主要有:气相色谱-质谱联用(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)、气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用(Gas chromatography-olfactory-mass spectrometry,GC-O-MS)、气相色谱-离子迁移谱(Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy,GC-IMS)、全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,GC×GC-TOFMS)和电子鼻技术,其风味检测技术原理和优缺点由表2所示。
GC-MS是分析风味物质的基础手段,常与顶空和固相微萃取技术联用,具有高灵敏度、高分辨率等优势,可以同时检测数百种挥发性化合物[21]。方莉等[22]利用GC-MS对不同加工阶段的牛肉脯进行了香气成分分析,发现原料肉、拌料肉、半成品肉和成品牛肉脯之间存在显著的风味差异,其醛类、酮类、酸类和烷烃类化合物的含量随加工阶段的深入均呈持续增加趋势,并确定影响牛肉脯风味形成的最关键阶段为半成品加工阶段。
GC-O-MS则是在GC-MS的基础上引入了人体嗅闻端口,可以准确识别对整体风味有实际贡献的活性成分。Ren等[23]通过SPME-GC-O-MS从涮煮牛肉中鉴定出了己醛、辛醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛等11种香气活性化合物。
GC-IMS在短链醛类挥发性化合物的检测灵敏度是GC-MS的10~100倍,在肉制品风味物质检测中得到了广泛运用。邱月等[24]使用GC-IMS技术对煮制、煎制、炒制和烤制牛肉进行挥发性风味物质鉴定,发现这四种加工方法处理后的牛肉风味差异主要源于美拉德反应、酯化反应和蛋白质氧化反应的反应程度,且烤制牛肉的挥发性风味物质含量最高,种类最丰富,煎制和煮制牛肉次之,炒制牛肉的风味物质含量与种类最少。Liu等[25]通过HS-GC-IMS分析,发现3-(甲硫基)丙烯醛与炖牛肉的肉香味呈显著正相关性。
GC×GC-TOFMS则是利用正交分离机制,提升对复杂基质中痕量成分的解析能力,在牛肉风味组学研究中有重要应用。王美仁等[26]使用GC×GC-TOFMS技术分析了风干牛肉中风味物质的变化规律,找到了不同加工方式下牛肉的差异代谢产物,并明确其主要代谢途径为碳代谢、戊糖磷酸途径和ABC转运蛋白。
电子鼻技术则是通过模拟人体嗅觉系统,对挥发性风味物质进行快速、无损、大规模的检测,且使用金属氧化物半导体和导电聚合物复合传感器的电子鼻,对牛肉新鲜度判断的准确率可达95%以上。但该技术无法精确指出具体风味物质,通常会与GC-MS、GC-IMS等检测技术联合使用。韩沅汐等[27]采用电子鼻结合HS-GC-IMS分析了不同种类肉干的风味轮廓及组成;柏霜等[28]使用电子鼻和GC-MS分析了牛肉臊子在煸炒加工过程中风味物质的形成路径,发现脂质氧化对风味的影响最为明显。
牛肉的风味物质主要由热加工诱导风味前体物质发生反应而产生,其转化途径主要包括脂质氧化、美拉德反应、蛋白质氧化、硫胺素热降解和各反应产物间的相互作用,如图1所示。其中肉香味主要来源于美拉德反应,而各种特征风味物质的形成主要来源于脂质氧化和硫胺素热降解。
风味前体物质作为牛肉风味形成的基础,虽然自身不具备挥发性香味,但在加工过程中可通过复杂的化学反应转化为挥发性风味物质[29]。根据溶解性差异,可将其分为水溶性化合物和脂溶性化合物两大类[30]。
水溶性前体物质是肉香味形成的核心来源,主要包括还原糖、氨基酸、多肽、核苷酸、有机酸、无机盐、维生素和含氮化合物等[31]。这些物质的形成主要涉及生物大分子合成与宰后降解两个阶段:生物大分子合成是通过活牛体内的新陈代谢积累糖类、脂肪、蛋白质等大分子,受牛肉品种、地区、年龄、性别、日粮等影响;宰后可通过糖酵解、酶降解、苯丙氨酸和丙酮酸代谢等途径生成还原糖、游离氨基酸和脂肪酸等小分子,受宰后排酸、储藏条件与微生物等条件影响[32−33]。Zhang等[32]在研究饲喂系统对牦牛肉品质与风味的影响时发现,传统放牧和放牧补饲喂养出的牛肉n-3不饱和脂肪酸含量远高于舍饲牛肉,但舍饲组的风味物质种类与数量却更高。Williamson等[34]针对冷鲜储藏对牛肉风味前体物质的影响展开研究,其结果表明,将牛肉于4 ℃下冷藏21 d,5′-IMP会随储藏时间的延长不断被分解,从而导致肌苷、次黄嘌呤和核糖含量显著增加。
脂溶性前体物质以脂质为主,包括肌内脂肪中的磷脂和肌间脂肪与皮下脂肪中的甘油三酯[35]。其中,含有大量不饱和脂肪酸的磷脂是特征风味形成的关键前体,不仅本身拥有脂香特征,还与特征风味物质的产生呈正相关性;而甘油三酯的稳定性较高,对风味变化的影响较小[23,26]。脂质不仅是形成风味的前体物质,还是风味物质的载体和调节剂,在牛肉风味的形成过程中具有多重作用[36]。Specht等[37]研究表明,脂质的不饱和度是决定风味形成的关键因素,不饱和脂肪酸含量越高,脂质氧化产生的挥发性羰基化合物含量越高,对风味的影响越显著。
两种前体物质在加工过程中会通过脂质氧化、美拉德反应、蛋白质氧化、硫胺素热降解、Strecker降解等途径相互作用,水溶性前体提供基础肉香,脂溶性前体贡献特征性脂肪香气,共同形成牛肉完整的风味特征。
脂质氧化是牛肉风味形成的关键过程。Reineccius[38]的研究表明,熟肉中约有90%的挥发性化合物是通过脂质氧化产生的。该反应主要由呼吸作用产生的自由基引发,主要包括以下两个阶段:一是不饱和脂肪酸的非共轭双键在自由基作用下断裂为共轭双键并形成氢过氧化物(氧化早期主要产物),但由于氢过氧化物性质并不稳定,会进一步降解生成醛类(正己醛、壬醛)、酮类(2,3-辛二酮)、醇类(1-辛烯-3-醇)和羧酸类等挥发性物质;二是上述反应产物中的醇类和羧酸类化合物之间会发生酯化反应生成酯类物质,且羟基酸还可发生自我环化,以生成带有肉香味的内酯化合物[35,39]。
在各类氧化产物中,醛类物质对牛肉风味的贡献最大,Mottram[40]认为它是决定熟肉特征风味的主要来源。赵志惠等[41]使用GC-MS技术鉴定出了9种影响内蒙古通辽牛肉的特征风味化合物,其中有8种为醛类。昝博文等[42]也在不同加热方式处理后的牛肉中检出了(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、2-甲基丁醛、2-庚烯醛、正己醛等10种醛类。而正己醛作为典型的二级氧化产物,与牛肉氧化风味呈现显著的相关性[43]。这些短链醛与不饱和醛类具有较低的感官阈值和独特的油脂香气,是塑造牛肉风味轮廓的重要物质基础。
当然,脂质氧化对牛肉风味的影响并非全是正向有益的。适度的脂质氧化可产生特征性脂肪香气和风味,但过度氧化则会导致次级氧化产物积累,引发风味劣变[44]。例如,对冷藏后的牛肉进行复热,会产生回锅味、脏器味、哈喇味等不良风味[25,30]。
美拉德反应是牛肉风味形成的重要途径之一,是含羰基化合物与含氨基化合物在热加工下所发生的非酶褐变反应。主要分为以下三个阶段:反应初期,风味前体物质中的蛋白质、肽类和氨基酸与还原糖反应生成不稳定的席夫碱,后经重排得到更为稳定的酮胺,即Amadori产物;反应中期,Amadori产物会进一步发生烯醇化和缩合反应,生成呋喃、糠醛、羟甲基糠醛、丁二酮和丙酮醇等物质;反应后期,各中间反应产物之间会发生醛胺缩合等反应,以形成复杂的高分子化合物(类黑精),同时产生各种挥发性风味物质,如呋喃、吡嗪、噻吩、噻唑以及杂环化合物等[35,45–46]。而美拉德反应所得产物中含量最高的含氧取代基的呋喃和吡喃类化合物,可赋予牛肉焦香与坚果香,对牛肉的整体风味有着重要影响[47]。
蛋白质氧化是影响牛肉风味形成的重要因素,是活性氧或氧化应激副产物所引起的蛋白质共价修饰,主要包括直接氧化和间接氧化[48]。直接氧化由热加工过程中所产生的活性氧(如羟基自由基和氢过氧化物等)直接诱导;间接氧化由氧化应激的次级产物与脂质氧化产物(如:烷氧基自由基、烷过氧自由基等)间接诱导发生[48–49]。最终导致蛋白质变性、羰基化、肽键断裂、氨基酸降解和蛋白质交联等,造成风味物质的流失与肉质劣变,并产生异味[25,50]。
蛋白质氧化程度受牛肉组成成分、热加工温度和脂质氧化等因素调控。牛肉中含有的不饱和脂肪酸、亚铁血红素、过渡金属离子以及各种氧化酶是活性氧的潜在前体或催化剂,对诱导蛋白质氧化的发生至关重要[51]。热加工则会降低牛肉自身的抗氧化能力,使牛肉在加工过程中更易被氧化[52]。温度的升高会促进蛋白质的氧化,有利于牛肉风味的形成,但过度氧化则会导致牛肉变质,产生不良风味[53]。此外,蛋白质氧化程度与脂肪氧化程度之间存在显著相关性。Utrera等[54]在研究冻藏温度对牛肉饼蛋白质氧化程度的影响时发现:在贮藏与加工过程中,硫代巴比妥酸反应物质与α-氨基己二酸半醛的浓度呈显著正相关,且脂质氧化与蛋白质羰基化在反应时间上具有一致性,表明脂质氧化和蛋白质氧化之间存在同步的相互作用。
硫胺素是一种含硫和氮的水溶性维生素,性质极不稳定,易受热降解[55]。在热加工中几乎会被完全分解,熟牛肉中其含量仅有0.17~0.18 mg/100g,故受加工方法、加热时间和烹饪温度的影响较小[30]。
硫胺素作为含硫化合物的重要前体物质,其热降解产物中约有50%为含硫化合物,包括硫醇、硫化氢、二硫化物以及含硫杂环化合物等,对牛肉风味有重要影响[12]。而降解过程中因噻唑环中C-N及C-S键断裂形成的羟甲基硫基酮是硫胺素降解最重要的中间产物[56]。有关含硫特征风味的研究结果有:2-甲基-3-呋喃硫醇、2-呋喃甲硫醇是牛肉香精的特征风味物质、二甲基三硫醚是酱卤牛肉的特征风味物质、3-甲硫基丙醛是牛肉香精和烤制牛肉共有的特征风味物质[57−59]。
原料肉来源决定了风味前体物质的基本组成,加工方法、温度与时间决定了风味前体物质的反应途径及其相互作用的程度。不同原料肉采用不同的加工方法,所得产品的风味会有极大不同。
牛肉的风味前体物质受其品种、地区、年龄、饲喂条件、部位、宰后排酸和成熟、储藏条件等影响,存在较大差异,为风味物质的多样性形成奠定了基础。
不同品种牛肉的脂肪含量、脂肪酸组成与维生素含量存在较大差异,如四川红原牦牛的硫胺素含量约为四川麦洼牦牛的8倍[60]。受地区生态环境差异影响,同一品种牛肉在不同地区养殖后其特征风味也会产生变化。郭娅慧等[61]研究发现,青海果洛牦牛肉的主要特征风味物质为2,3-丁二醇、1-己醛单体和1-己醛二聚体;四川阿坝牦牛肉的主要特征风味物质为2-戊酮二聚体和丙酮;云南香格里拉牦牛肉的主要特征风味物质为乙二醇二聚体、2-庚酮和乙醇。不同年龄牛肉中的风味化合物种类和数量存在很大不同,朱彦宾等[62]的研究结果表明,4岁牛肉中的风味化合物种类和数量是最多的,而6岁的最少。而随着年龄的增长,牛肉中蛋白质和脂质的氧化水平会不断升高,逐渐改变牛肉风味[23]。靳生伟等[63]在研究不同饲养条件对牦牛肉品质的影响中发现,舍饲育肥可以通过提升牦牛肉中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量,来改善牦牛肉风味,但也会造成多不饱和脂肪酸含量的损失。不同部位牛肉中的脂肪酸、氨基酸和蛋白质含量存在显著差异,如不同部位脂肪酸含量:肩甲>背最长肌>股二头肌[64];不同部位氨基酸含量:里脊>尾龙扒>针扒>板腱[65];不同部位蛋白质含量:背最长肌>肩甲>股二头肌[64];背最长肌的磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰甘油和游离脂肪酸含量低于冈上肌和股二头肌[23]。而在宰后排酸与成熟过程中,牛肉会发生复杂的内源酶反应,从而导致牛肉中的糖类、氨基酸、有机酸、多肽等风味前体物质的含量发生显著变化。刘丽宅等[66]分析了排酸时间对沃金黑牛肉风味的影响,发现苦味氨基酸在排酸12 h时含量会降到最低;肌苷酸在排酸72 h时含量会达到最高值;鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量会在排酸96 h时提升到最高;而排酸时间延长到120 h时,硬脂酸甲酯、油酸甲酯和饱和脂肪酸+单不饱和脂肪酸的含量会达到最高值。冷冻储存会增加蛋白质在加工过程中的氧化敏感性[67]。因此,不同储藏条件下的牛肉制作的产品其风味也会产生较大差异。Holman等[68]研究发现先冷藏再冷冻会引起牛肉脂肪酸含量发生变化。冷冻后的牛肉其饱和脂肪酸含量高于冷藏牛肉,而不饱和脂肪酸含量低于冷藏牛肉,且随着冷冻时间的延长,饱和脂肪酸的含量呈降低趋势,不饱和脂肪酸的含量呈上升趋势。但Li等[69]在研究热鲜肉、冷鲜肉和冷冻肉对延边风味酱牛肉风味特征的影响时发现,冷鲜肉制作的酱牛肉其脂肪酸含量以及氨基酸含量最高,风味物质种类更丰富,整体口感也更好。
肉的香气主要产生于加工过程,加工方法是决定牛肉特征风味的关键。常用的加工方法有煮制、烤制、蒸制、卤制、干制等,不同加工方法所得产品的特征风味物质如表3所示。
加工方式是决定牛肉特征风味物质形成的主要因素。不同加工方式下牛肉的风味形成途径存在巨大差异,如:蒸制、煮制、煎制、炒制的风味物质主要来源于脂质氧化,干制的风味物质主要源于蛋白质氧化,而烤制的风味物质主要来源于美拉德反应[70–71]。由此可见:不同加工方式下牛肉的风味形成途径对牛肉风味形成的贡献率是不同的。Zhang等[72]研究加工方式对牛肉蛋白质氧化程度的影响时发现,干制的蛋白质氧化程度会显著高于煮制和炸制。且在干制牛肉中,酮类物质含量最高的3-羟基-2-丁酮,被认为对牛肉干的整体香气贡献最大[27]。Zou等[73]的研究表明,使用超声波辅助加工会促进脂质氧化,从而导致醛类、醇类和酮类物质的种类和含量上升。而复热处理也能促进脂质氧化,但会引发风味劣变[25]。此外,杀菌处理也可以引起风味的改变,李昀展等[74]对延边酱牛肉进行了不同的杀菌处理,发现臭氧杀菌会显著提升醛类物质的含量,而高温高压杀菌则能较好地保留原有风味。
加工温度是影响牛肉特征风味物质形成的重要因素之一,可通过影响蛋白质氧化、脂质氧化和美拉德反应的水平影响风味物质的形成。王俊钢等[75]通过控制干燥温度制作风干牛肉,发现风干牛肉的脂肪氧化和蛋白质氧化水平会随风干温度升高而增加。Gatellier等[52]研究了高温蒸制对牛肉中蛋白质氧化水平的影响,其结果表明:在207 ℃下蒸制300 s能显著促进羰基和席夫碱的形成和酪氨酸(Tyr)、色氨酸(Trp)的降解,并指明极端加工温度会促进蛋白质氧化。夏超[76]的研究结果也表明,随着烤制温度的升高,蛋白质的氧化水平也会逐步增加。而Roldan等[77]的研究结果表明,煮制温度由60 ℃上升到80 ℃时,脂质氧化次级产物会大幅减少。且该过程还会加速多不饱和脂肪酸氧化,并通过自由基链式反应生成醛、酮类等次级氧化产物,产生回锅味等不良风味[78]。
加工时间是影响牛肉特征风味物质形成的另一重要因素,可通过调控蛋白质氧化、脂质氧化和美拉德反应的进程改变风味物质形成路径。脂质氧化、蛋白质氧化和美拉德反应在牛肉加工过程中存在强烈的相互作用[54,79]。随着加工时间的延长,脂质氧化产生的风味化合物种类和含量会逐渐减少,而美拉德反应和蛋白质氧化产物则会逐渐增加。罗章等[80]在研究微波加热对西藏牦牛肉风味的影响时发现,微波加热过程中的初始风味物质主要来源于脂质氧化,但随着微波时间的延长,脂质氧化逐渐减弱,美拉德反应产生的风味会逐渐占据主导地位;而过度加热则会导致脂肪烃、脂肪醇、醛类化合物减少。Wang等[81]在研究加工方式和成熟度对牛肉风味的影响时也发现,过度加热会破坏牛肉肌纤维,加速核苷酸和氨基酸的热降解,导致5′-AMP和5′-IMP以及氨基酸流失,从而降低牛肉鲜味,且烤制40 min后会产生明显的苦味。
为满足消费者对牛肉产品的多样化需求,牛肉风味调控已成为生产过程中至关重要的一环。牛肉风味的调控方法主要分为3类:一是通过加入香辛料引入其他风味物质以改善牛肉风味;二是通过超声波、微波等现代食品加工技术改善牛肉风味;三是使用氨基酸、发酵剂等干预风味形成途径进行风味分子调控。
香辛料作为传统的风味调控手段,应用已十分广泛。但香辛料对牛肉风味形成途径的影响非常复杂,不仅要考虑牛肉本身在加工过程中风味的形成,还需要考虑不同加工条件下香辛料的香味迁移。Gong等[83]研究了加入香辛料后牛肉在炖煮过程中的风味变化,发现香辛料在炖煮1~2 h间会发生剧烈变化,但风味会在3 h后逐渐趋于稳定。姜薇等[87]研究了13种香辛料对酱卤牛肉风味的影响,发现丁香、桂皮、八角、甘草和辣椒可以赋予酱卤牛肉甜味;小茴香可以提升鲜味;香叶、草果和白芷则会增强苦味。此外,这些香辛料的加入,还会引入新橙皮苷、异槲皮苷、甘草苷、川陈皮素、紫云英苷等滋味物质。
现代食品加工技术也是调控牛肉风味的常用方法,将超声波、微波、真空、灭菌、3D打印、微胶囊等技术应用到传统加工方法中,既可以保留传统烹饪的风味特点,又能有效提高产品质量与生产效率[88]。Li等[89]探索了不同功率超声辅助冷冻对酱牛肉风味的影响,发现400 W超声处理可以很好地抑制脂质过度氧化,减缓赖氨酸(Lys)、Glu等大部分氨基酸的降解或反应,以维持酱牛肉原本的风味。Ye等[90]在探究超声处理对酶解牛肉液风味的影响时则发现,超声处理可以提高蛋白酶活性,促进游离氨基酸、庚醛、1-己醇等风味物质的释放,并抑制己酸和壬醛等异味物质的产生。昝博文等[42]比较了超声波辅助真空低温煮制、真空低温煮制与传统煮制牛肉的风味差异,发现经不同方法加工处理后牛肉的风味存在显著差异,且超声波辅助真空低温煮制可以促进真空低温煮制牛肉中的正辛醛、正庚醛、正己醛等多种醛类风味的形成。Li等[91]研究了微波处理后煮制牛肉的风味变化,发现随着微波加热时间的延长,挥发性风味物质的含量与种类呈上升趋势。马雪媛等[86]通过GC-MS技术检测微波烤制后牛肉中的香气成分,发现了己酸对硝基苯酯、己酸和十二烷酸为微波烤制牛肉的关键风味物质。李素等[92]研究了高温杀菌对红烧牛肉挥发性风味物质的影响,发现高温杀菌可以促进4-甲氧基-苯甲醛的生成,并产生肉桂醛、正十五碳醛和苯乙酮等多种新的风味物质,同时也会导致正己醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮等风味物质的消散。Park等[93]采用3D打印技术制作牛排,并通过控制牛肉和脂肪的比例来改变牛排肌肉脂肪的含量,发现随着肌肉脂肪含量的增加,牛排的加工损失会因脂肪热稳定性差而提高,而牛肉和脂肪含量的差异也会导致牛排产生风味差异。此外,微胶囊技术也可通过包埋酶、微生物、植物油、抗氧化剂等用于牛肉加工过程中的风味调控。Alasalvar等[94]使用榛子油微胶囊作为部分脂肪的替代品制作牛肉汉堡,通过改变牛肉汉堡的脂肪酸组成,即降低饱和脂肪酸含量,提高单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量,降低了牛肉汉堡的脂质氧化程度。
在加工过程中,风味分子调控技术主要是通过使用氨基酸、微生物、酶等改变牛肉的风味前体物质组成或干预风味形成途径实现风味调控的。
氨基酸不仅是美拉德反应的参与者,还是风味形成途径的调控者。冯美琴等[95]通过对酱牛肉风味物质的相关性分析发现,L-苯丙氨酸、9-十六碳烯酸、2-戊基呋喃、正己醇等9种氨基酸与美拉德反应呈显著正相关,表明氨基酸在美拉德反应中起关键调控作用。Ling等[96]在研究氨基酸对煎制牛肉饼中杂环胺形成的影响时发现,涂抹Trp和Leu可以抑制脂质氧化,以降低醛类风味物质的含量;涂抹Lys和Pro可以促进美拉德反应,并增加吡嗪类风味物质的含量。孙梦等[97]使用还原糖和氨基酸进行美拉德反应制备牛肉香精时发现,蛋氨酸(Met)可以丰富3-甲硫基丙醛等物质的形成,以产生烤香味;半胱氨酸盐可以加强肉香味的形成;而Leu可以通过美拉德反应产生有牛肉特征风味的物质。Liu等[98]使用含L-赖氨酸(L-Lys)和L-组氨酸(L-His)的复合盐替代品制作低钠干腌牛肉,发现L-Lys和L-His可显著提高牛肉中的脂肪酶活性和不饱和脂肪酸含量,且该复合盐替代品还可以增强脂氧合酶的活性,以促进脂质氧化,影响风味物质的形成,使牛肉产生乙醛和2-辛烯醛等新的风味物质。
发酵处理也是调控牛肉风味的重要手段。在牛肉加工前或加工过程中,选用不同的发酵剂进行牛肉发酵,可通过微生物和酶的降解作用影响牛肉的氨基酸代谢、脂肪氧化等途径,并通过碳水化合物发酵和各反应途径产物间的次级反应,丰富牛肉的风味。Zou等[99]研究乳酸菌对牛肉豆酱微生物群落和风味的影响时发现,乳酸菌接种发酵后能增加细菌的丰富度,减少真菌的数量,并促进苯甲醛、呋喃和甲硫醇等关键风味化合物的形成。鄢嫣等[100]使用W9-3罗伊氏乳杆菌、M3-16副干酪乳杆菌和MY4马克斯克鲁维酵母研究了单菌和复配发酵剂对牛肉风味的影响,发现发酵牛肉在进行烤制后其风味物质种类和含量显著高于未发酵烤制牛肉,且会产生1-乙酰氧基-p-薄荷-3-酮、7-十四醇和13-甲基十四醛等新的风味物质。Chen等[101]使用L-谷氨酰胺酶对牛肉蛋白水解物进行了γ-谷氨酰化修饰处理,发现γ-谷氨酰化修饰产物主要由苦味氨基酸和苦味肽合成,主要包括15种γ-[Glu]n=1/2-AAs和10种γ-Glu-AA-AAs,表明γ-谷氨酰化修饰可以降低牛肉蛋白水解物的苦味,同时还能提高鲜味以改善牛肉蛋白水解物的风味。
牛肉风味是风味前体物质经过脂质氧化、美拉德反应、蛋白质氧化和硫胺素热降解等一系列复杂化学反应及其产物间的相互作用共同产生的,受原料肉风味前体物质含量差异、不同加工条件下的风味形成途径变化、加入酶和微生物对风味形成途径的干预和所用香辛料的风味迁移等方面调控。本文分析了风味前体物质的来源及其变化规律,探讨了脂质氧化、美拉德反应、蛋白质氧化和硫胺素热降解对风味物质形成的作用机制,梳理了常用检测技术在牛肉风味研究中的应用,阐述了牛肉在不同加工条件下的风味变化与风味调控方法,从而全面揭示了牛肉风味形成的机制,对产业精准调控牛肉风味具有重要指导意义。
目前对于加工过程中的牛肉风味研究已经取得了基础理论数据,但在明确牛肉风味形成机制研究上仍存在不足。后期可深入分析脂质氧化、美拉德反应、蛋白质氧化和硫胺素热降解及其产物之间的协同作用机制,以及不同调控方法对牛肉加工风味形成途径的影响,以进行牛肉加工风味重组或构建牛肉加工风味预测模型,期望可以通过大数据模拟获知选用不同原材料和加工方法后在不同加工阶段的牛肉风味变化,为精准调控牛肉风味提供数据参考。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
张家能. 烹饪条件对牛肉品质及营养成分的影响[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2025(16): 118−120. [ZHANG J N. The impact of cooking conditions on the quality and nutritional components of beef[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2025(16): 118−120.]
ZHANG J N. The impact of cooking conditions on the quality and nutritional components of beef[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2025(16): 118−120.
2
熊偲皓, 王东阳, 胡志全. 我国牛肉供需及国际竞争力研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2020, 41(10): 89−100. [XIONG S H, WANG D Y, HU Z Q. Research on China's beef supply, demand and international competitiveness[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2020, 41(10): 89−100.]
XIONG S H, WANG D Y, HU Z Q. Research on China's beef supply, demand and international competitiveness[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2020, 41(10): 89−100.
3
BERRY B W, SMITH G C, CARPENTER Z L. Beef carcass maturity indicators and palatability attributes[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1974, 38(3): 507−514.
4
LIU Jingjing, ELLIES-OURY M P, CHRIKI S, et al. Contributions of tenderness, juiciness and flavor liking to overall liking of beef in Europe[J]. Meat Science, 2020, 168: 108190.
5
DASHDORJ D, AMNA T, HWANG I. Influence of specific taste-active components on meat flavor as affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors: An overview[J]. European Food Research and Technology, 2015, 241(2): 157−171.
6
FLORES M. The eating quality of meat[M]. Amsterdam: Meat Science. Elsevier, 2017: 383-417.
7
ZHOU Longzhu, REN Yimeng, SHI Yujie, et al. Comprehensive foodomics analysis reveals key lipids affect aroma generation in beef[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 461: 140954.
8
ZHU Jiafei, LIN Weifang, SUN Yangying, et al. Relationship between flavor characteristics and lipid oxidation in air-dried beef at different roasting stages[J]. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 2024, 37: 100988.
9
FU Yinghua, CAO Shenyi, YANG Li, et al. Flavor formation based on lipid in meat and meat products: A review[J]. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2022, 46(12): e14439.
10
YANG J, ZHANG Y, CHEN P, et al. Enhancing beef flavor profiles via Maillard reaction of γ-glutamylated beef protein hydrolysates and xylose[J]. Food Chemistry, 2025, 476: 143313.
11
邱月, 张宝芳, 宋纪璇, 等. 微冻贮藏冷鲜牛肉挥发性成分变化及与蛋白质和脂质氧化的相关性[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2025, 51(11): 273−282. [QIU Y, ZHANG B F, SONG J X, et al. Effect of superchilled storage on changes of volatile compounds and correlation with protein and lipid oxidation of chilled beef[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2025, 51(11): 273−282.]
QIU Y, ZHANG B F, SONG J X, et al. Effect of superchilled storage on changes of volatile compounds and correlation with protein and lipid oxidation of chilled beef[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2025, 51(11): 273−282.
12
MACLEOD G. Scientific and technological basis of meat flavours[M]. London: Developments in Food Flavours, 1986.
13
XIA Chao, WEN Pingping, YUAN Yaming, et al. Effect of roasting temperature on lipid and protein oxidation and amino acid residue side chain modification of beef patties[J]. RSC Advances, 2021, 11(35): 21629−21641.
14
PARK M K, CHOI Y S. Effective strategies for understanding meat flavor: A review[J]. Food Science of Animal Resources, 2025, 45(1): 165−184.
15
李学贤, 张雪, 童灵, 等. 游离氨基酸改善作物风味品质综述[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2022, 27(4): 73−81. [LI X X, ZHANG X, TONG L, et al. Summary of free amino acids to improve crop flavor quality[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2022, 27(4): 73−81.]
LI X X, ZHANG X, TONG L, et al. Summary of free amino acids to improve crop flavor quality[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2022, 27(4): 73−81.
16
AKITOMI H, TAHARA Y, YASUURA M, et al. Quantification of tastes of amino acids using taste sensors[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2013, 179: 276−281.
17
ZHANG Feng, KLEBANSKY B, FINE R M, et al. Molecular mechanism for the umami taste synergism[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008, 105(52): 20930−20934.
18
KHAN M I, JO C, TARIQ M R. Meat flavor precursors and factors influencing flavor precursors: A systematic review[J]. Meat Science, 2015, 110: 278−284.
19
OKA Y, OMURA M, KATAOKA H, et al. Olfactory receptor antagonism between odorants[J]. The EMBO Journal, 2004, 23(1): 120−126.
20
UKHANOV K, COREY E A, ACHE B W. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase dependent inhibition as a broad basis for opponent coding in mammalian olfactory receptor neurons[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(4): e61553.
21
刘佳丽, 桑爽, 王海玉, 等. 肉制品挥发性风味物质检测技术研究进展[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2025(8): 162−164. [LIU J L, SANG S, WANG H Y, et al. Research progress on detection techniques of volatile flavor compounds in meat products[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2025(8): 162−164.]
LIU J L, SANG S, WANG H Y, et al. Research progress on detection techniques of volatile flavor compounds in meat products[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2025(8): 162−164.
22
方莉, 耿发家. 牛肉脯加工过程中品质变化规律[J]. 中国调味品, 2025, 50(6): 120−123. [FANG L, GENG F J. Quality change rule of beef jerky during processing[J]. China Condiment, 2025, 50(6): 120−123.]
FANG L, GENG F J. Quality change rule of beef jerky during processing[J]. China Condiment, 2025, 50(6): 120−123.
23
REN Yimeng, ZHOU Longzhu, SHI Yujie, et al. Effect of alterations in phospholipids and free fatty acids on aroma-active compounds in instant-boiled chuck tender, sirloin and silverside beef[J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(16): e36382.
24
邱月, 许蜜蜜, 谢雪华, 等. 基于GC-IMS和化学计量学分析热加工牛肉特征风味物质[J]. 浙江工业大学学报, 2023, 51(4): 448−455. [QIU Y, XU M M, XIE X H, et al. Analysis of characteristic flavor compounds of thermally processed beef based on GC-IMS and chemometrics[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology, 2023, 51(4): 448−455.]
QIU Y, XU M M, XIE X H, et al. Analysis of characteristic flavor compounds of thermally processed beef based on GC-IMS and chemometrics[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology, 2023, 51(4): 448−455.
25
LIU Junmei, DENG Siyang, WANG Jingfan, et al. Comparison and elucidation of the changes in the key odorants of precooked stewed beef during cooking-refrigeration-reheating[J]. Food Chemistry: X, 2024, 23: 101654.
26
王美仁, 王柏辉, 杨帆, 等. 不同加工方式对牛肉干产品风味物质的影响[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025, 16(2): 127−137. [WANG M R, WANG B H, YANG F, et al. Effects of different processing methods on flavor substances of beef jerky products[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(2): 127−137.]
WANG M R, WANG B H, YANG F, et al. Effects of different processing methods on flavor substances of beef jerky products[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(2): 127−137.
27
韩沅汐, 蒋思源, 张二豪, 等. 电子鼻结合HS-GC-IMS技术分析不同种类风干肉干挥发性风味特征[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(11): 281−291. [HAN Y X, JIANG S Y, ZHANG E H, et al. Analysis of volatile flavor characteristics of different types of air-dried jerky based on electronic nose combined with HS-GC-IMS technology[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(11): 281−291.]
HAN Y X, JIANG S Y, ZHANG E H, et al. Analysis of volatile flavor characteristics of different types of air-dried jerky based on electronic nose combined with HS-GC-IMS technology[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(11): 281−291.
28
柏霜, 王永瑞, 罗瑞明, 等. 牛肉臊子工业半成品炒制各阶段挥发性化合物分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(14): 290−298. [BAI S, WANG Y R, LUO R M, et al. Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in different stages of stir-frying of industrial semi-finished products beef saozi[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(14): 290−298.]
BAI S, WANG Y R, LUO R M, et al. Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in different stages of stir-frying of industrial semi-finished products beef saozi[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(14): 290−298.
29
张莺莺, 刁玉段, 张佳杰, 等. 风味前体物质在肉类风味形成中的作用及其影响因素[J]. 上海畜牧兽医通讯, 2024(4): 1−9,89. [ZHANG Y Y, DIAO Y D, ZHANG J J, et al. The role and influencing factors of flavor precursors in the formation of meat flavor[J]. Shanghai Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024(4): 1−9,89.]
ZHANG Y Y, DIAO Y D, ZHANG J J, et al. The role and influencing factors of flavor precursors in the formation of meat flavor[J]. Shanghai Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024(4): 1−9,89.
30
RESCONI V, ESCUDERO A, CAMPO M. The development of aromas in ruminant meat[J]. Molecules, 2013, 18(6): 6748−6781.
31
WERKHOFF P, BRUENING J, EMBERGER R, et al. Isolation and characterization of volatile sulfur-containing meat flavor components in model systems[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1990, 38(3): 777−791.
32
ZHANG Qunying, JIAO Jianxin, ZHAO Zhiwei, et al. Feeding systems change yak meat quality and flavor in cold season[J]. Food Research International, 2025, 203: 115846.
33
ZHANG Renyu, YOO M J Y, ROSS A B, et al. Mechanisms and strategies to tailor dry-aged meat flavour[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2022, 119: 400−411.
34
WILLIAMSON J, RYLAND D, SUH M, et al. The effect of chilled conditioning at 4 ℃ on selected water and lipid-soluble flavor precursors in Bison bison longissimus dorsi muscle and their impact on sensory characteristics[J]. Meat Science, 2014, 96(1): 136−146.
35
崔小燕, 苟钟勇, 蒋守群, 等. 鸡肉风味的形成机制与调控研究进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(2): 500-508. [CUI X Y, GOU Z Y, JIANG S Q, et al. Research advance of formation mechanism of chicken meat flavor and regulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition2019, 31(2): 500-508.]
CUI X Y, GOU Z Y, JIANG S Q, et al. Research advance of formation mechanism of chicken meat flavor and regulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition2019, 31(2): 500-508.
36
李蕊蕊, 高彦祥. 脂类与风味物质的相互作用[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2017, 28(8): 201−207. [LI R R, GAO Y X. The interaction between lipids and flavor compounds[J]. China Food Additives, 2017, 28(8): 201−207.]
LI R R, GAO Y X. The interaction between lipids and flavor compounds[J]. China Food Additives, 2017, 28(8): 201−207.
37
SPECHT K, BALTES W. Identification of volatile flavor compounds with high aroma values from shallow-fried beef[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1994, 42(10): 2246−2253.
38
REINECCIUS G A. Flavor chemistry of lipids[M]. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1994: 183-218.
39
WANG Zhuo, MA Jibing, MA Guoyuan, et al. The mitochondrial functional characteristics and microstructure play an important role in yak meat color during wet curing[J]. Food Chemistry: X, 2025, 25: 102095.
40
MOTTRAM D S. Flavour formation in meat and meat products: A review[J]. Food Chemistry, 1998, 62(4): 415−424.
41
赵志惠, 张燕东, 盈盈, 等. 固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法测定内蒙古通辽牛肉中挥发性风味物质[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2024, 15(14): 178−187. [ZHAO Z H, ZHANG Y D, YING Y, et al. Determination of volatile flavor compounds in Inner Mongolia Tongliao beef by solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(14): 178−187.]
ZHAO Z H, ZHANG Y D, YING Y, et al. Determination of volatile flavor compounds in Inner Mongolia Tongliao beef by solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(14): 178−187.
42
昝博文, 彭丛粤, 白婷, 等. 不同加热方式对牛肉品质和挥发性风味的影响[J]. 肉类研究, 2025, 39(8): 24−33. [ZAN B W, PENG C Y, BAI T, et al. Effects of different heating methods on beef quality and volatile flavor[J]. Meat Research, 2025, 39(8): 24−33.]
ZAN B W, PENG C Y, BAI T, et al. Effects of different heating methods on beef quality and volatile flavor[J]. Meat Research, 2025, 39(8): 24−33.
43
BAK K H, RICHARDS M P. Hexanal as a predictor of development of oxidation flavor in cured and uncured deli meat products as affected by natural antioxidants[J]. Foods, 2021, 10(1): 152.
44
王兆明, 贺稚非, 李洪军. 脂质和蛋白质氧化对肉品品质影响及交互氧化机制研究进展[J]. 食品科学, 2018, 39(11): 295−301. [WANG Z M, HE Z F, LI H J. A review of the effect of lipid and protein oxidation on meat quality and their interrelationship[J]. Food Science, 2018, 39(11): 295−301.]
WANG Z M, HE Z F, LI H J. A review of the effect of lipid and protein oxidation on meat quality and their interrelationship[J]. Food Science, 2018, 39(11): 295−301.
45
SUN Ao, WU Wei, SOLADOYE O P, et al. Maillard reaction of food-derived peptides as a potential route to generate meat flavor compounds: A review[J]. Food Research International, 2022, 151: 110823.
46
LEE D, LEE S, JO C. Application of animal resources into the Maillard reaction model system to improve meat flavor[J]. Food Science of Animal Resources, 2025, 45(1): 303−327.
47
PARK H, SEO H, CHO I H. Effect of amino acids in the Maillard reaction products generated from the reaction flavors of Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) protein and d-xylose[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology, 2022, 31(13): 1647−1660.
48
TRAORE S, AUBRY L, GATELLIER P, et al. Effect of heat treatment on protein oxidation in pig meat[J]. Meat Science, 2012, 91(1): 14−21.
49
SOLADOYE O P, JUÁREZ M L, AALHUS J L, et al. Protein oxidation in processed meat: Mechanisms and potential implications on human health[J]. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2015, 14(2): 106−122.
50
NAWAZ A, LUO Xiaofang, IRSHAD S, et al. Effect of polyphenol-hydrocolloids interaction on protein oxidation, structure and water distribution properties of thermally processed meat[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2025, 160: 110854.
51
陈跃文. 真空低热处理鲟鱼肉关键品质变化及机理研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江工商大学, 2020. [CHEN Yuewen. Critical quality changes and underlying mechanisms in sturgeon filletsafter low temperature vacuum heating[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Gongshang University, 2020.]
CHEN Yuewen. Critical quality changes and underlying mechanisms in sturgeon filletsafter low temperature vacuum heating[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Gongshang University, 2020.
52
GATELLIER P, KONDJOYAN A, PORTANGUEN S, et al. Effect of cooking on protein oxidation in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched beef. Implication on nutritional quality[J]. Meat Science, 2010, 85(4): 645−650.
53
LUND M N, LAMETSCH R, HVIID M S, et al. High-oxygen packaging atmosphere influences protein oxidation and tenderness of porcine Longissimus dorsi during chill storage[J]. Meat Science, 2007, 77(3): 295−303.
54
UTRERA M, MORCUENDE D, ESTÉVEZ M. Temperature of frozen storage affects the nature and consequences of protein oxidation in beef patties[J]. Meat Science, 2014, 96(3): 1250−1257.
55
GERBER N, SCHEEDER M R L, WENK C. The influence of cooking and fat trimming on the actual nutrient intake from meat[J]. Meat Science, 2009, 81(1): 148−154.
56
于跃, 袁玉梅, 彭先杰, 等. 高温肉制品风味物质的形成机理及其影响因素[J]. 保鲜与加工, 2020, 20(3): 210−216. [YU Y, YUAN Y M, PENG X J, et al. Formation mechanism and influencing factors of flavor substances in high-temperature meat products[J]. Storage and Process, 2020, 20(3): 210−216.]
YU Y, YUAN Y M, PENG X J, et al. Formation mechanism and influencing factors of flavor substances in high-temperature meat products[J]. Storage and Process, 2020, 20(3): 210−216.
57
夏玲君. 反应型牛肉香精的研制及其香味活性化合物的分析[D]. 北京: 北京工商大学, 2007. [XIA L J. The rreparation of beef thermo process flavoring and analysis of its aroma active component[D]. Beijing: Beijing Technology and Business University, 2007.]
XIA L J. The rreparation of beef thermo process flavoring and analysis of its aroma active component[D]. Beijing: Beijing Technology and Business University, 2007.
58
WANG Jingfan, YANG Ping, LIU Junmei, et al. Study of the flavor dissipation mechanism of soy-sauce-marinated beef using flavor matrices[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 437: 137890.
59
张浩, 易宇文, 朱开宪, 等. 基于GC-IMS结合化学计量法分析烧烤过程中温度对牦牛肉风味物质的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2023, 44(22): 337−344. [ZHANG H, YI Y W, ZHU K X, et al. Effect of temperature on flavor substances of yak meat during roasting as analyzed by chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and chemometrics[J]. Food Science, 2023, 44(22): 337−344.]
ZHANG H, YI Y W, ZHU K X, et al. Effect of temperature on flavor substances of yak meat during roasting as analyzed by chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and chemometrics[J]. Food Science, 2023, 44(22): 337−344.
60
郑渝川, 唐善虎, 王柳, 等. 不同加热方法对牦牛肉中矿物质和维生素含量的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2018, 39(9): 78−83,95. [ZHENG Y C, TANG S H, WANG L, et al. Effects of different heating methods on the contents of minerals and vitamins in yak meat[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2018, 39(9): 78−83,95.]
ZHENG Y C, TANG S H, WANG L, et al. Effects of different heating methods on the contents of minerals and vitamins in yak meat[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2018, 39(9): 78−83,95.
61
郭娅慧, 刘云娜, 吴海玥, 等. 基于GC-IMS分析不同区域牦牛肉特征风味化合物[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(14): 332−340. [GUO Y H, IU Y N, WU H Y, et al. Analysis of characteristic flavor compounds of yak meat in different regions based on GC-IMS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(14): 332−340.]
GUO Y H, IU Y N, WU H Y, et al. Analysis of characteristic flavor compounds of yak meat in different regions based on GC-IMS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(14): 332−340.
62
朱彦宾, 闫伟, 孙光明, 等. 西藏林周县不同年龄不同部位牦牛肉营养成分分析[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2022, 57(4): 17−26. [ZHU Y B, YAN W, SUN G M, et al. Nutritional analysis of different-part meat of yaks at different age in Tibetan Linzhou County[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2022, 57(4): 17−26.]
ZHU Y B, YAN W, SUN G M, et al. Nutritional analysis of different-part meat of yaks at different age in Tibetan Linzhou County[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2022, 57(4): 17−26.
63
靳生伟, 孙永刚, 祁增源, 等. 冷季不同饲养方式对青海高原型牦牛肉品质的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2024, 47(23): 6−11. [JIN S W, SUN Y G, QI Z Y, et al. Effects of different feeding methods on meat quality of Qinghai plateau-type yak during the cold season[J]. Feed Research, 2024, 47(23): 6−11.]
JIN S W, SUN Y G, QI Z Y, et al. Effects of different feeding methods on meat quality of Qinghai plateau-type yak during the cold season[J]. Feed Research, 2024, 47(23): 6−11.
64
李红梅, 包永清, 张红霞, 等. 美仁牦牛肉不同部位常规营养成分及氨基酸和脂肪酸测定分析[J]. 中国牛业科学, 2024, 50(3): 33−36. [LI H M, BAO Y Q, ZHANG H X, et al. Determination and analysis of nutritional components, amino acids and fatty acids in different parts of Meiren yak meat[J]. China Cattle Science, 2024, 50(3): 33−36.]
LI H M, BAO Y Q, ZHANG H X, et al. Determination and analysis of nutritional components, amino acids and fatty acids in different parts of Meiren yak meat[J]. China Cattle Science, 2024, 50(3): 33−36.
65
张婧年, 李升升, 张艳, 等. 牦牛不同部位肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成分析及营养评价[J]. 现代食品科技, 2025, 41(7): 73−85. [ZHANG J N, LI S S, ZHANG Y, et al. Amino acid and fatty acid composition analysis and nutritional evaluation of yak meat from different Parts[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2025, 41(7): 73−85.]
ZHANG J N, LI S S, ZHANG Y, et al. Amino acid and fatty acid composition analysis and nutritional evaluation of yak meat from different Parts[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2025, 41(7): 73−85.
66
刘丽宅, 于丽, 赵洛冰, 等. 排酸时间对沃金黑牛肉嫩度和风味物质的影响[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025, 16(7): 273−281. [LIU L Z, YU L, ZHAO L B, et al. Effects of aging time on meat tenderness and flavor substances of Woking black cattle beef[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(7): 273−281.]
LIU L Z, YU L, ZHAO L B, et al. Effects of aging time on meat tenderness and flavor substances of Woking black cattle beef[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(7): 273−281.
67
UTRERA M, MORCUENDE D, GANHÃO R, et al. Role of phenolics extracting from Rosa canina L. on meat protein oxidation during frozen storage and beef patties processing[J]. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2015, 8(4): 854−864.
68
HOLMAN B W B, COOMBS C E O, MORRIS S, et al. Effect of long term chilled (up to 5 weeks) then frozen (up to 12 months) storage at two different sub-zero holding temperatures on beef: 3. Protein structure degradation and a marker of protein oxidation[J]. Meat Science, 2018, 139: 171−178.
69
LI Hongshu, CHEN Junxia, ZHANG Yongxin, et al. Evaluation of the flavor profiles of Yanbian-style sauced beef from differently treated raw beef samples[J]. Food Chemistry: X, 2024, 22: 101505.
70
YU Yuanrui, WANG Guiying, YIN Xiaoyan, et al. Effects of different cooking methods on free fatty acid profile, water-soluble compounds and flavor compounds in Chinese Piao chicken meat[J]. Food Research International, 2021, 149: 110696.
71
张燕. 加工方式对牦牛肉蛋白质氧化及消化特性的影响研究[D]. 西宁: 青海大学, 2023. [ZHANG Y. Study on the effects of processing methods on protein oxidationand digestion characteristics of yak meat[D]. Xining: Qinghai university, 2023.]
ZHANG Y. Study on the effects of processing methods on protein oxidationand digestion characteristics of yak meat[D]. Xining: Qinghai university, 2023.
72
ZHANG Yan, LI Shengsheng, ZHAO Lizhu. Effects of thermal processing and temperature on the quality, protein oxidation, and structural characteristics of yak meat[J]. Journal of Texture Studies, 2023, 54(5): 659−670.
73
ZOU Yunhe, KANG Dacheng, LIU Rui, et al. Effects of ultrasonic assisted cooking on the chemical profiles of taste and flavor of spiced beef[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2018, 46: 36−45.
74
李昀展, 陈俊霞, 周阳, 等. 不同杀菌方式对延边酱牛肉挥发性风味物质的影响[J]. 食品科技, 2024, 49(2): 106−110. [LI Y Z, CHEN J X, ZHOU Y, et al. Influence of different sterilization methods on the volatile flavor substances of Yanbian-style sauced beef[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2024, 49(2): 106−110.]
LI Y Z, CHEN J X, ZHOU Y, et al. Influence of different sterilization methods on the volatile flavor substances of Yanbian-style sauced beef[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2024, 49(2): 106−110.
75
王俊钢, 李宇辉, 岳建平. 不同干燥条件对风干牛肉品质影响[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2023, 44(16): 76−84. [WANG J G, LI Y H, YUE J P. Effects of different drying conditions on beef quality[J]. Food Research and Development, 2023, 44(16): 76−84.]
WANG J G, LI Y H, YUE J P. Effects of different drying conditions on beef quality[J]. Food Research and Development, 2023, 44(16): 76−84.
76
夏超. 烤制过程中牛肉脂质和蛋白质的氧化规律及晚期糖基化终产物对小鼠健康的影响[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2022. [XIA C. Oxidation law of beef lipid and protein under roasting conditions and the effect of advanced glycation end products on the health of mice[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2022.]
XIA C. Oxidation law of beef lipid and protein under roasting conditions and the effect of advanced glycation end products on the health of mice[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2022.
77
ROLDAN M, ANTEQUERA T, ARMENTEROS M, et al. Effect of different temperature–time combinations on lipid and protein oxidation of sous-vide cooked lamb loins[J]. Food Chemistry, 2014, 149: 129−136.
78
BYRNE D V, BREDIE W L P, MOTTRAM D S, et al. Sensory and chemical investigations on the effect of oven cooking on warmed-over flavour development in chicken meat[J]. Meat Science, 2002, 61(2): 127−139.
79
高子武. 超声波协同低温卤煮对牛肉品质特性的影响及蛋白质氧化作用研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2022. [GAO Ziwu. Study on the effect of ultrasound-assisted sous-cide cooking on the quality characteristics and protein oxidation of spiced beef[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2022.]
GAO Ziwu. Study on the effect of ultrasound-assisted sous-cide cooking on the quality characteristics and protein oxidation of spiced beef[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2022.
80
罗章, 马美湖, 孙术国, 等. 不同加热处理对牦牛肉风味组成和质构特性的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2012, 33(15): 148−154. [LUO Z, MA M H, SUN S G, et al. Effects of different heat treatments on flavor and texture characteristics of cooked yak meat[J]. Food Science, 2012, 33(15): 148−154.]
LUO Z, MA M H, SUN S G, et al. Effects of different heat treatments on flavor and texture characteristics of cooked yak meat[J]. Food Science, 2012, 33(15): 148−154.
81
WANG Yujiao, BU Xinrong, YANG Dawei, et al. Effect of cooking method and doneness degree on volatile compounds and taste substance of Pingliang red beef[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(3): 446.
82
孟祥忍, 高子武, 王恒鹏, 等. 主成分分析法构建循环卤煮牛肉挥发性风味强度评价模型[J]. 食品与机械, 2022, 38(10): 29−36. [MENG X R, GAO Z W, WANG H P, et al. Construction of evaluation model of volatile flavor intensity of cyclic stewed beef based on principal component analysis[J]. Food & Machinery, 2022, 38(10): 29−36.]
MENG X R, GAO Z W, WANG H P, et al. Construction of evaluation model of volatile flavor intensity of cyclic stewed beef based on principal component analysis[J]. Food & Machinery, 2022, 38(10): 29−36.
83
GONG Hui, YANG Zhen, LIU Meng, et al. Time-dependent categorization of volatile aroma compound formation in stewed Chinese spicy beef using electron nose profile coupled with thermal desorption GC–MS detection[J]. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2017, 6(3): 137−146.
84
孙灵霞, 张文韬, 李苗云, 等. 5个不同部位牛肉的煎制风味差异性研究[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2025, 59(1): 146−154. [SUN L X, ZHANG W T, LI M Y, et al. Study on the difference of frying flavor of beef from five different parts[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2025, 59(1): 146−154.]
SUN L X, ZHANG W T, LI M Y, et al. Study on the difference of frying flavor of beef from five different parts[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2025, 59(1): 146−154.
85
刘森轩. 基于牛肉酶解和定向美拉德反应的烤牛肉风味物质形成[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2015. [LIU S X. The formation of volatile aromatic compounds of roast beef based on enzymaic hydrolysis and directional Maillard reaction[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015.]
LIU S X. The formation of volatile aromatic compounds of roast beef based on enzymaic hydrolysis and directional Maillard reaction[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015.
86
马雪媛, 张淼, 代芹燕, 等. 烤制方式对牛肉挥发性风味物质的影响[J]. 食品与机械, 2025, 41(6): 26−35. [MA X Y, ZHANG M, DAI Q Y, et al. Effects of different roasting methods on volatile flavor compounds in beef[J]. Food & Machinery, 2025, 41(6): 26−35.]
MA X Y, ZHANG M, DAI Q Y, et al. Effects of different roasting methods on volatile flavor compounds in beef[J]. Food & Machinery, 2025, 41(6): 26−35.
87
姜薇, 强宇, 刘成江, 等. 香辛料对酱卤牛肉的赋味效应解析[J]. 现代食品科技, 2022, 38(10): 249−260. [JIANG W, QIANG Y, LIU C J, et al. Profile analysis of tastant compounds contributed by spices to stewed beef[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2022, 38(10): 249−260.]
JIANG W, QIANG Y, LIU C J, et al. Profile analysis of tastant compounds contributed by spices to stewed beef[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2022, 38(10): 249−260.
88
王南南. 现代食品加工技术对传统烹饪方法的影响分析[J]. 现代食品, 2024, 30(16): 45−47. [WANG Nannan. Analysis of the influence of modern food processing technology on traditional cooking methods[J]. Modern Food, 2024, 30(16): 45−47.]
WANG Nannan. Analysis of the influence of modern food processing technology on traditional cooking methods[J]. Modern Food, 2024, 30(16): 45−47.
89
LI Junguang, SUN Chenhao, MA Wuchao, et al. The effects of assisted freezing with different ultrasound power rates on the quality and flavor of braised beef[J]. Foods, 2024, 13(10): 1566.
90
YE Chao, ZHANG Zhankai, ZHANG Zhihong, et al. Improving the flavour of enzymatically hydrolysed beef liquid by sonication[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(24): 4460.
91
LI Sining, TANG Shanhu, YAN Liguo, et al. Effects of microwave heating on physicochemical properties, microstructure and volatile profiles of yak meat[J]. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2019, 47(1): 262−272.
92
李素, 赵燕, 闵成军, 等. 梯度升温和恒定高温杀菌对红烧牛肉挥发性物质影响[J]. 食品科学, 2026, 47(2): 215−222. [LI S, ZHAO Y, MIN C J, et al. Effects of gradient heating sterilization and constant high temperature sterilization on volatile flavor substances of braised beef[J]. Food Science, 2026, 47(2): 215−222.]
LI S, ZHAO Y, MIN C J, et al. Effects of gradient heating sterilization and constant high temperature sterilization on volatile flavor substances of braised beef[J]. Food Science, 2026, 47(2): 215−222.
93
PARK J W, LEE S H, KIM H W, et al. Application of extrusion-based 3D food printing to regulate marbling patterns of restructured beef steak[J]. Meat Science, 2023, 202: 109203.
94
ALASALVAR H, KOCER ALASALVAR G, YILDIRIM Z. Effect of partial fat replacement by hazelnut oil microcapsules in beef burger formulations on physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and sensory attributes[J]. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2022, 46(5).
95
冯美琴, 曾晓庆, 孙健. 基于美拉德反应分析加工过程中酱牛肉风味物质变化[J]. 食品科学, 2024, 45(24): 139−149. [FENG M Q, ZENG X Q, SUN J. Changes in flavor substances of sauced beef during processing based on the Maillard reaction[J]. Food Science, 2024, 45(24): 139−149.]
FENG M Q, ZENG X Q, SUN J. Changes in flavor substances of sauced beef during processing based on the Maillard reaction[J]. Food Science, 2024, 45(24): 139−149.
96
LINGHU Ziyi, KARIM F, TAGHVAEI M, et al. Amino acids effects on heterocyclic amines formation and physicochemical properties in pan-fried beef patties[J]. Journal of Food Science, 2020, 85(4): 1361−1370.
97
孙梦, 包清彬, 陈晓刚, 等. 还原糖和氨基酸体系制备牛肉香精的优化研究[J]. 中国调味品, 2017, 42(9): 19−25. [SUN M, BAO Q B, CHEN X G, et al. Study on optimization of beef flavor preparation by reducing sugar and amino acid system[J]. China Condiment, 2017, 42(9): 19−25.]
SUN M, BAO Q B, CHEN X G, et al. Study on optimization of beef flavor preparation by reducing sugar and amino acid system[J]. China Condiment, 2017, 42(9): 19−25.
98
LIU Shixin, ZHANG Yawei, ZHOU Guanghong, et al. Lipolytic degradation, water and flavor properties of low sodium dry cured beef[J]. International Journal of Food Properties, 2019, 22(1): 1322−1339.
99
ZOU Jinhao, SHEN Hongyun, LI Anping, et al. The effect of lactic acid bacteria as a starter on the microbial community and flavors of the fermented beef-soybean paste[J]. Food Chemistry, 2025, 484: 144328.
100
鄢嫣, 杨明柳, 周迎芹, 等. 不同发酵剂对发酵牛肉品质、风味特性和安全性的影响[J]. 中国食品学报, 2024, 24(4): 170−185. [YAN Y, YANG M L, ZHOU Y Q, et al. Effects of different starter cultures on the quality, flavor characteristics and safety of fermented beef[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 24(4): 170−185.]
YAN Y, YANG M L, ZHOU Y Q, et al. Effects of different starter cultures on the quality, flavor characteristics and safety of fermented beef[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 24(4): 170−185.
101
CHEN Peiwen, ZENG Xiaofang, BAI Weidong, et al. Gamma-glutamylation of beef protein hydrolysates to improve its overall taste and functions of gastro-intestinal hormone (CCK and GLP-1) pro-secretion and anti-inflammation[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 452: 139466.
2026年第47卷第18期
PDF下载
141
68
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199
  • 接收时间:2025-10-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-22
基金
作者信息
    1青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016
    2青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016

通讯作者:

李升升(1984−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:动物性食品科学,E-mail:。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100199
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏