Article(id=1320880360460767821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080121, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755014400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852018703, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852018703, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852018703, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852018703, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=474, endPage=485, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880360645317198, articleId=1320880360460767821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Protective Effect of Cordyceps militaris Ferment on Replicative Senescence in Skin Fibroblasts Based on Transcriptome Analysis, columnId=1320880301220410188, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Food Nutrition and Health Benefits, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of Cordyceps militaris ferment (YCC) against senescence in skin fibroblasts induced by continuous passage. The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were evaluated to discuss the biological activities of YCC. In order to study the in-depth protective mechanism of YCC on replicative senescence, transcriptome sequencing technology was employed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and further performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotation and KEGG functional enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed to find out the hub genes and its regulatory networks by STRING database. The selected IL-17 signaling pathway was further validated by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that YCC significantly enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in replicative senescent cell models (CAT, 37.82 units/mg protein; GSH-Px, 7.76 units/mg protein; SOD, 50.58 units/mg protein), while markedly reduced MDA release (approximately 2.49 μmol/mg protein) (P<0.0001). Venn analysis revealed that the sample group could reverse 207 genes that were abnormally expressed in replicative senescence cells. The PPI network analysis selected the top 10 core targets in Betweenness ranking, which were mainly involved in biological processes such as inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress regulation. The IL-17 signaling pathway was influenced obviously by DEGs (P<0.01). The qRT-PCR detection results verified that YCC could significantly inhibit the expression of genes related to the IL-17 signaling pathway (IL-17A, IL-17C, Akt1, AP-1, and IL-6) (P<0.05). In conclusion, YCC attenuated inflammation and exerted anti-aging effects by suppressing the IL-17 signaling pathway and subsequent downstream inflammatory factor activation. These findings provide a solid theoretical basis for the application of YCC as a functional food ingredient.

, authors=Tingrui WANG1, Jinyong LI1, Chunhong PU1, 2, Ruiliang SUN1, Doudou SHI2, Changtao WANG1, Jiachan ZHANG1, *, authorsList=Tingrui WANG, Jinyong LI, Chunhong PU, Ruiliang SUN, Doudou SHI, Changtao WANG, Jiachan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiachan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880362025243227, articleId=1320880360460767821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于转录组分析蛹虫草发酵物对复制性衰老皮肤成纤维细胞的保护作用, columnId=1320880301400765262, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=食品营养与健康功效, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探讨蛹虫草发酵物(YCC)对连续传代诱导的皮肤成纤维细胞衰老的保护作用机制。通过测定过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,评估考察YCC的生物活性。转录组测序分析差异表达基因,并对其进行基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)功能注释分析与功能富集分析。利用STRING数据库构建差异表达基因的蛋白质相互作用(Protein-Protein Interaction,PPI)网络,获得hub基因及其调控网络。通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对筛选出的IL-17信号通路进行进一步基因表达水平验证。结果表明,YCC明显增强复制性衰老细胞模型中抗氧化酶活性(CAT:37.82 units/mg蛋白;GSH-Px:7.76 units/mg蛋白;SOD:50.58 units/mg蛋白),同时显著降低MDA释放量(约2.49 μmol/mg蛋白)(P<0.0001)。维恩(Venn)分析发现,样品组能够逆转复制性衰老中异常表达的207个基因。PPI网络分析选出介数中心性(Betweenness)排名前10的PPI网络核心靶点,这些蛋白主要参与炎症、细胞凋亡及氧化应激调控等生物学过程。此外,差异表达基因显著性富集在IL-17信号通路(P<0.01)。qRT-PCR检测显示,YCC能显著抑制IL-17信号通路相关基因(IL-17A、IL-17C、Akt1、AP-1、IL-6)的表达(P<0.05)。综上,YCC可通过抑制IL-17信号通路基因的表达,减少下游炎症因子的激活,减缓炎症的发生,从而发挥抗炎和延缓细胞衰老的作用。本研究为YCC作为功能性食品原料提供了坚实的理论依据。

, authors=王婷瑞1, 李金勇1, 蒲春宏1, 2, 孙瑞良1, 史豆豆2, 王昌涛1, 张佳婵1, *, authorsList=王婷瑞, 李金勇, 蒲春宏, 孙瑞良, 史豆豆, 王昌涛, 张佳婵, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张佳婵, authorNote=

王婷瑞(2003−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品功能性成分筛选及机制研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张佳婵(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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王婷瑞(2003−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品功能性成分筛选及机制研究,E-mail:

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王婷瑞(2003−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品功能性成分筛选及机制研究,E-mail:

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注:A:CAT;B:GSH-Px;C:SOD;D:MDA;模型组vs.对照组:##P<0.01,###P<0.001,####P<0.0001;样品组vs.模型组:*P<0.05,****P<0.0001;图6同。

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注:A:差异基因表达柱状图;B:对照组vs.模型组差异基因火山图;C:模型组vs.样品组差异基因火山图;D:差异基因Venn图。

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注:A:IL-17A;B:IL-17C;C:Akt1;D:AP-1;E:TNF-α;F:IL-6;模型组vs.对照组:#P<0.05;样品组vs.模型组:**P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=40pqKeC2082seIpcljPA5A==, figureFileBig=oR5T3llCzkKYu8wFuhfYvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880369264611996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880360460767821, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Real-time PCR primer sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因方向引物对序列(5'→3')
IL-17AFGACCTCATTGGTGTCACTGC
RGTCCGGGGGAAGTTCTTGTC
IL-17CFACCGCTATCCACAGAAGCTG
RGTGGATGAACTCGGTGTGGA
Act1FGCAGCCTACCAGCAAGTGAT
RTGATGTGGCTGGTCCTGGT
AP-1FGCTGCTCTGGGAAGTGAGTT
RTTAAGATGCCTCCCGCACTC
TNF-αFCCTCTCTGCCATCAAGAGCC
RTCCCAAAGTAGACCTGCCCA
IL-6FTCCTTCTCCACAAGCGCC
RGTTCTGAAGAGGTGAGTGGCT
β-actinFTGGCACCCAGCACAATGAA
RCTAAGTCATAGTCCGCCTAGAAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1320880369335915165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880360460767821, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Real-time PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因方向引物对序列(5'→3')
IL-17AFGACCTCATTGGTGTCACTGC
RGTCCGGGGGAAGTTCTTGTC
IL-17CFACCGCTATCCACAGAAGCTG
RGTGGATGAACTCGGTGTGGA
Act1FGCAGCCTACCAGCAAGTGAT
RTGATGTGGCTGGTCCTGGT
AP-1FGCTGCTCTGGGAAGTGAGTT
RTTAAGATGCCTCCCGCACTC
TNF-αFCCTCTCTGCCATCAAGAGCC
RTCCCAAAGTAGACCTGCCCA
IL-6FTCCTTCTCCACAAGCGCC
RGTTCTGAAGAGGTGAGTGGCT
β-actinFTGGCACCCAGCACAATGAA
RCTAAGTCATAGTCCGCCTAGAAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1320880369453355678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880360460767821, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Content of active substances in YCC

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活性物质含量(%)
总黄酮0.77±0.10
总酚1.97±0.20
总蛋白29.72±3.00
还原糖6.03±2.30
总糖45.84±2.00
β-葡聚糖5.41±2.30
虫草素0.07±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320880369549824671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880360460767821, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

YCC中活性物质的含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
活性物质含量(%)
总黄酮0.77±0.10
总酚1.97±0.20
总蛋白29.72±3.00
还原糖6.03±2.30
总糖45.84±2.00
β-葡聚糖5.41±2.30
虫草素0.07±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320880369616933536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880360460767821, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Top 10 core targets in PPI network ranked by betweenness centrality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号蛋白基因ID蛋白描述Betweenness
1IL6ENSG00000136244IL-6蛋白为多功能细胞因子,参与免疫、组织再生及代谢过程,可刺激单核细胞谱系、诱导巨核细胞生成和肝脏急性期反应等,还能介导肿瘤细胞破坏,在癌症免疫治疗中具有潜在价值[57]。5988.59
2CAV1ENSG00000105974CAV1作为膜整合蛋白,参与细胞膜内吞、脂质运输及信号转导等生理过程,通过与多种信号分子相互作用调节细胞生长、分化、凋亡及代谢,还通过调节胰岛素信号通路和脂质代谢来影响细胞的能量代谢[58]。2679.71
3THBS1ENSG00000137801THBS1是一种多功能蛋白,参与细胞黏附、迁移和信号转导等过程[59]。通过多个结构域与多种细胞外基质成分结合,在细胞间相互作用及细胞外基质调节中起关键作用。1759.93
4FGF2ENSG00000138685FGF2是一种多效性细胞因子,属于成纤维细胞生长因子家族,主要介导内皮细胞增殖加速新生血管形成,还参与多种血管性疾病,可促进肿瘤细胞增殖[60]。1536.52
5CCL2ENSG00000108691CCL2是一种趋化因子,参与免疫调节和炎症过程,影响单核细胞及嗜碱性粒细胞趋化活性,是调节单核/巨噬细胞迁移与浸润的关键因子[61]。1381.52
6HGFENSG00000019991HGF是一种多肽类生长因子,主要由成纤维细胞、巨噬细胞和内皮细胞等分泌,可促进多种细胞增殖、分化、迁移及抗凋亡,在肝脏再生、组织修复、血管生成和神经发育中发挥重要作用[62]。1161.57
7BIRC3ENSG00000023445BIRC3是一种抗凋亡蛋白,属于抑制凋亡蛋白(IAP)家族。它通过与caspase酶结合抑制细胞凋亡,调节细胞存活和增殖,在免疫系统中有助于维持免疫细胞存活及功能[63]。928.54
8CXCL8ENSG00000169429CXCL8主要由单核细胞、巨噬细胞和内皮细胞等分泌,它能够吸引中性粒细胞向炎症部位迁移,参与炎症反应、组织修复等[64]。888.45
9HELZ2ENSG00000130589HELZ2参与基因转录、RNA处理和DNA修复,能增强过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ介导的基因转录,且可降解登革热病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和鸭坦布苏病毒的RNA[65]。807.56
10H2BC5ENSG00000158373H2BC5作为复制依赖性组蛋白,在DNA复制过程中参与染色质的组装和维持,同时还参与基因表达的调控[66]。798.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320880369696625313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880360460767821, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Betweenness排名前10的PPI网络核心靶点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号蛋白基因ID蛋白描述Betweenness
1IL6ENSG00000136244IL-6蛋白为多功能细胞因子,参与免疫、组织再生及代谢过程,可刺激单核细胞谱系、诱导巨核细胞生成和肝脏急性期反应等,还能介导肿瘤细胞破坏,在癌症免疫治疗中具有潜在价值[57]。5988.59
2CAV1ENSG00000105974CAV1作为膜整合蛋白,参与细胞膜内吞、脂质运输及信号转导等生理过程,通过与多种信号分子相互作用调节细胞生长、分化、凋亡及代谢,还通过调节胰岛素信号通路和脂质代谢来影响细胞的能量代谢[58]。2679.71
3THBS1ENSG00000137801THBS1是一种多功能蛋白,参与细胞黏附、迁移和信号转导等过程[59]。通过多个结构域与多种细胞外基质成分结合,在细胞间相互作用及细胞外基质调节中起关键作用。1759.93
4FGF2ENSG00000138685FGF2是一种多效性细胞因子,属于成纤维细胞生长因子家族,主要介导内皮细胞增殖加速新生血管形成,还参与多种血管性疾病,可促进肿瘤细胞增殖[60]。1536.52
5CCL2ENSG00000108691CCL2是一种趋化因子,参与免疫调节和炎症过程,影响单核细胞及嗜碱性粒细胞趋化活性,是调节单核/巨噬细胞迁移与浸润的关键因子[61]。1381.52
6HGFENSG00000019991HGF是一种多肽类生长因子,主要由成纤维细胞、巨噬细胞和内皮细胞等分泌,可促进多种细胞增殖、分化、迁移及抗凋亡,在肝脏再生、组织修复、血管生成和神经发育中发挥重要作用[62]。1161.57
7BIRC3ENSG00000023445BIRC3是一种抗凋亡蛋白,属于抑制凋亡蛋白(IAP)家族。它通过与caspase酶结合抑制细胞凋亡,调节细胞存活和增殖,在免疫系统中有助于维持免疫细胞存活及功能[63]。928.54
8CXCL8ENSG00000169429CXCL8主要由单核细胞、巨噬细胞和内皮细胞等分泌,它能够吸引中性粒细胞向炎症部位迁移,参与炎症反应、组织修复等[64]。888.45
9HELZ2ENSG00000130589HELZ2参与基因转录、RNA处理和DNA修复,能增强过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ介导的基因转录,且可降解登革热病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和鸭坦布苏病毒的RNA[65]。807.56
10H2BC5ENSG00000158373H2BC5作为复制依赖性组蛋白,在DNA复制过程中参与染色质的组装和维持,同时还参与基因表达的调控[66]。798.52
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基于转录组分析蛹虫草发酵物对复制性衰老皮肤成纤维细胞的保护作用
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王婷瑞 1 , 李金勇 1 , 蒲春宏 1, 2 , 孙瑞良 1 , 史豆豆 2 , 王昌涛 1 , 张佳婵 1, *
食品工业科技 | 食品营养与健康功效 2026,47(18): 474-485
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食品工业科技 |食品营养与健康功效 2026 , 47 (18) : 474 -485
基于转录组分析蛹虫草发酵物对复制性衰老皮肤成纤维细胞的保护作用
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王婷瑞1 , 李金勇1, 蒲春宏1, 2, 孙瑞良1, 史豆豆2, 王昌涛1, 张佳婵1, *
作者信息
  • 1北京工商大学轻工科学与工程学院,北京 100048
  • 2北商加美(北京)科技有限公司,北京 100048
通讯作者:
张佳婵(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王婷瑞(2003−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品功能性成分筛选及机制研究,E-mail:

Protective Effect of Cordyceps militaris Ferment on Replicative Senescence in Skin Fibroblasts Based on Transcriptome Analysis
Tingrui WANG1 , Jinyong LI1, Chunhong PU1, 2, Ruiliang SUN1, Doudou SHI2, Changtao WANG1, Jiachan ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
  • 2Beishang Jiamei (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100048, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080121
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本研究旨在探讨蛹虫草发酵物(YCC)对连续传代诱导的皮肤成纤维细胞衰老的保护作用机制。通过测定过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,评估考察YCC的生物活性。转录组测序分析差异表达基因,并对其进行基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)功能注释分析与功能富集分析。利用STRING数据库构建差异表达基因的蛋白质相互作用(Protein-Protein Interaction,PPI)网络,获得hub基因及其调控网络。通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对筛选出的IL-17信号通路进行进一步基因表达水平验证。结果表明,YCC明显增强复制性衰老细胞模型中抗氧化酶活性(CAT:37.82 units/mg蛋白;GSH-Px:7.76 units/mg蛋白;SOD:50.58 units/mg蛋白),同时显著降低MDA释放量(约2.49 μmol/mg蛋白)(P<0.0001)。维恩(Venn)分析发现,样品组能够逆转复制性衰老中异常表达的207个基因。PPI网络分析选出介数中心性(Betweenness)排名前10的PPI网络核心靶点,这些蛋白主要参与炎症、细胞凋亡及氧化应激调控等生物学过程。此外,差异表达基因显著性富集在IL-17信号通路(P<0.01)。qRT-PCR检测显示,YCC能显著抑制IL-17信号通路相关基因(IL-17A、IL-17C、Akt1、AP-1、IL-6)的表达(P<0.05)。综上,YCC可通过抑制IL-17信号通路基因的表达,减少下游炎症因子的激活,减缓炎症的发生,从而发挥抗炎和延缓细胞衰老的作用。本研究为YCC作为功能性食品原料提供了坚实的理论依据。

蛹虫草  /  转录组分析  /  复制性衰老  /  IL-17信号通路  /  抗氧化活性

This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of Cordyceps militaris ferment (YCC) against senescence in skin fibroblasts induced by continuous passage. The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were evaluated to discuss the biological activities of YCC. In order to study the in-depth protective mechanism of YCC on replicative senescence, transcriptome sequencing technology was employed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and further performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotation and KEGG functional enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed to find out the hub genes and its regulatory networks by STRING database. The selected IL-17 signaling pathway was further validated by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that YCC significantly enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in replicative senescent cell models (CAT, 37.82 units/mg protein; GSH-Px, 7.76 units/mg protein; SOD, 50.58 units/mg protein), while markedly reduced MDA release (approximately 2.49 μmol/mg protein) (P<0.0001). Venn analysis revealed that the sample group could reverse 207 genes that were abnormally expressed in replicative senescence cells. The PPI network analysis selected the top 10 core targets in Betweenness ranking, which were mainly involved in biological processes such as inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress regulation. The IL-17 signaling pathway was influenced obviously by DEGs (P<0.01). The qRT-PCR detection results verified that YCC could significantly inhibit the expression of genes related to the IL-17 signaling pathway (IL-17A, IL-17C, Akt1, AP-1, and IL-6) (P<0.05). In conclusion, YCC attenuated inflammation and exerted anti-aging effects by suppressing the IL-17 signaling pathway and subsequent downstream inflammatory factor activation. These findings provide a solid theoretical basis for the application of YCC as a functional food ingredient.

Cordyceps militaris  /  transcriptome analysis  /  replicative senescence  /  IL-17 signaling pathway  /  antioxidant activities
王婷瑞, 李金勇, 蒲春宏, 孙瑞良, 史豆豆, 王昌涛, 张佳婵. 基于转录组分析蛹虫草发酵物对复制性衰老皮肤成纤维细胞的保护作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 474 -485 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080121
Tingrui WANG, Jinyong LI, Chunhong PU, Ruiliang SUN, Doudou SHI, Changtao WANG, Jiachan ZHANG. Protective Effect of Cordyceps militaris Ferment on Replicative Senescence in Skin Fibroblasts Based on Transcriptome Analysis[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 474 -485 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080121
蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris),又称北冬虫夏草,隶属子囊菌亚门、麦角菌科、虫草属,是一种兼具药用与食用价值的真菌,自然条件下常寄生于鳞翅目昆虫幼虫或蛹体[1]。已有研究表明,冬虫夏草的生理功效主要在于虫草多糖、虫草酸等成分的协同作用,能够促进巨噬细胞吞噬、增强淋巴细胞增殖以及直接清除自由基等[2]。但其以野生资源为主,仅分布于青藏高原高海拔地区,采摘受季节与环境限制且无法人工规模化培育,导致其价格昂贵、应用成本高且可持续性不足。作为虫草属同属异种真菌,蛹虫草与冬虫夏草具有相似的生物学特性及生物活性成分,且虫草素等部分成分含量更高,加之易于培养,已成为冬虫夏草的理想替代物[3]。由于自然环境中蛹虫草特定寄主稀缺且对生长环境条件要求非常严苛,使得野生蛹虫草资源也十分匮乏[4]。目前已实现蛹虫草规模化人工栽培,生产周期在60至80 d之间,依旧相对较长[5]。蛹虫草栽培一般采用液体发酵,生产周期只需5到7 d,显著短于人工栽培周期,生产效率也显著提高,能快速获取大量菌丝体以及从发酵液中提取到多种生理活性物质[6−7]。2009年,蛹虫草子实体被国家卫生部批准为新食品原料,推动其在保健食品与普通食品领域的合法应用[8]。
蛹虫草的菌丝体、发酵液及子实体中均富含丰富的活性物质,包括虫草素、虫草酸、虫草多糖、蛋白质及氨基酸等,且菌丝体与子实体的化学成分有所差异[9]。其中,N6-(2-羟乙基)-腺苷在子实体中含量较高,而菌丝体中甘露醇含量及蛋白质营养价值远高于子实体[10−11]。这些活性成分赋予蛹虫草多种药理活性,主要体现在抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗氧化以及抗衰老等[12−14]。
细胞衰老现象由美国生物学家Leonard Hayflick于1961年在体外培养人成纤维细胞时首次发现。根据发生机制可分为复制性衰老(生理性原因引起)与过早性衰老(未达Hayflick极限前发生)。其研究还发现胚胎成纤维细胞传代50次后衰退死亡,而成年组织成纤维细胞仅能传代15~30代[15]。细胞复制性衰老是研究机体衰老机制的经典模型,原代细胞经连续传代后复制能力减弱,出现周期停滞状态[16]。在人类皮肤成纤维细胞复制性衰老模型中,细胞表现为增殖能力下降、迁移迟缓、细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)成分合成减少等[17]。炎症与衰老的关联被称为“炎症衰老”,二者相互影响,衰老细胞分泌的细胞因子、趋化因子等会加速炎症及机体衰老进程[18]。在抗衰老领域,蛹虫草活性成分可通过直接清除自由基及激活内源性抗氧化网络缓解氧化应激损伤,例如多糖具有清除活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、调控细胞周期等功效以延缓衰老[19]。
蛹虫草作为药食同源的珍贵资源,其发酵物在食品领域具有广阔的应用前景,兼具天然性与安全性,是开发功能性食品的优质原料。当前蛹虫草抗衰老研究聚焦于核心活性成分的分子机制及细胞层面作用通路,其应用已拓展至神经保护、代谢调节等领域,在药品、食品及保健品等领域应用广泛。尽管蛹虫草的抗衰老功效已得到多层面验证,但针对端粒缩短驱动的复制性衰老这一核心机制的研究仍存在空白。复制性衰老积累可引发心脑血管疾病、代谢紊乱等老年病,而蛹虫草发酵物(YCC)通过改善血管功能、调节血脂、保护肝肾等多靶点作用,可能从源头延缓疾病发生[20]。因此,研究YCC的抗复制性衰老机制,可为开发靶向衰老的功能性食品、保健食品等产品提供新方向,并为抗皮肤衰老及衰老相关疾病的预防挖掘更多潜在作用靶点,进一步丰富药食同源资源在食品产业中的应用。
已有研究表明,人类成纤维细胞在传代至15~20代后开始出现典型的衰老特征,包括增殖停滞、衰老相关β半乳糖苷酶(senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity,SA-βgal)活性增强等[21−22]。因此,本课题选用不同代次的新生儿包皮成纤维细胞作为研究模型,选取低代次(4~5代)细胞作为年轻对照组,高代次(17~18代)细胞作为年老模型组来探究YCC的抗复制性衰老机制。通过测定抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量考察YCC的生物活性。利用转录组方法进行mRNA水平测序,分析差异基因并筛选目标基因,明确其影响的信号通路。进一步在mRNA水平验证其对IL-17信号通路中关键基因的调控作用,阐明其抗复制性衰老机制,为YCC作为功能性食品原料提供理论依据。
蛹虫草 北京同仁堂参茸中药制品有限公司;新生儿包皮成纤维细胞(Human foreskin fibroblasts,HFF) 浙江美森细胞科技有限公司;马铃薯葡萄糖水 北京金利斯科技有限公司;葡萄糖、氢氧化钠、浓盐酸、磷酸二氢钾、高氯酸、甲醇 分析纯,北京化工厂;福林酚 BR级,北京拜尔迪生物;焦性没食子酸、异丙醇、氯仿、乙醇 分析纯,中国医药集团有限公司;BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、植物总糖和还原糖检测试剂盒(DNS微板法)、DEPC水、PBS缓冲液、CCK-8(Cell Counting Kit-8)细胞增殖检测试剂盒、总超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)检测试剂盒、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)ELISA检测试剂盒、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)ELISA检测试剂盒、丙二醛检测试剂盒 百瑞极生物技术有限公司;0.05%(含EDTA)胰蛋白酶、DMEM培养基粉末、胎牛血清 美国Grand Island公司;DMSO 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;1%青霉素(1×105 U/L)-链霉素(100 mg/L) 美国Gibco Life Technologies公司;Trizol、抗坏血酸(VC)、考马斯亮蓝(Bradford)蛋白浓度测定试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;引物 奥科生物科技有限公司;细胞刮刀 上海晶安生物科技有限公司。
WJ-80A-Ⅱ型CO2恒温培养箱 上海圣科仪器设备有限公司;BXM-30R立式压力蒸汽灭菌器 上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂;Sunrise酶标仪 帝肯贸易有限公司;XD-202倒置显微镜 江南仪器厂;TL80-2型医用离心机 江苏天力医疗器械有限公司;TGL-16台式高速冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪实验仪器开发有限公司;Sigma 1-14微型离心机 德国Sigma离心机有限公司;NUNC 6孔细胞培养板/96孔细胞培养板、Quant Studio 3实时荧光定量PCR系统 Thermo Fisher科技公司;赛默飞世尔U3000高效液相色谱 上海硅仪生化科技有限公司;ME104E电子天平 梅特勒-托利仪器;WD-9402A型PCR仪 上海天能生命科学有限公司。
参照文献[23]的方法,并做适当的调整。首先进行菌种活化,从培养有蛹虫草YCC127固体马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂平板中取2~3块直径为5 mm的圆形培养物,转移至300 mL马铃薯葡萄糖水液体培养基中,将其置于28 ℃、180 r/min恒温摇床中培养7 d,此时菌丝体体积占整个培养体系的二分之一至三分之二左右,制得蛹虫草种子液。随后继续准备马铃薯葡萄糖水液体培养基300 mL,121 ℃高温高压灭菌30 min后,接入20 mL经混匀、富含菌丝体的蛹虫草种子液。将其置于28 ℃、180 r/min恒温摇床中继续培养7 d,发酵完成后,在4800 r/min条件下,离心30 min,取菌丝体按照1:10比例在80 ℃水提2 h,之后离心取上清液冻干备用。
参照文献[24]方法,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定YCC中总糖含量。使用植物总糖和还原糖检测试剂盒(DNS微板法)测定还原糖含量。使用Bradford蛋白浓度测定试剂盒检测总蛋白的含量。参照文献[25]方法,采用刚果红法测定β-葡聚糖含量。试剂配制参照文献[26]方法,采用亚硝酸显色法测定黄酮含量。参照文献[27]方法,采用福林酚法测定总酚含量。参照文献[28]方法,采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定虫草素含量。
参照新生儿包皮成纤维细胞说明书,采用包含15%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)和1%青霉素(1×105 U/L)-链霉素(100 mg/L)的DMEM培养基作为细胞培养基,在37 ℃、5% CO2的恒定培养条件下进行。当细胞密度达到80%时,用0.25%(EDTA)胰蛋白酶消化细胞,更换新的培养基和培养瓶进行传代。细胞传代周期设定为每2~3 d一次,以确保细胞处于最佳生长状态。
HFF细胞以每孔1×104个细胞的浓度接种到96孔板中,并在细胞培养箱中以37 ℃,5% CO2的条件孵育,待细胞密度达到80%时,用不同浓度的蛹虫草发酵物(0、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、3、4、6、8 mg/mL)处理细胞24 h,随后使用CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞活力,具体步骤参照试剂盒说明书。
实验分为三组:对照组为年轻的HFF细胞,模型组为年老的HFF细胞,样品组为年老的HFF细胞添加蛹虫草样品。选取分裂至4~5代的细胞作为年轻细胞,分裂至17~18代的细胞作为年老细胞,分别用于后续实验。
将HFF细胞接种于6孔板中,每孔接种3×105个细胞,培养24 h,直到细胞贴壁达到约80%的程度。随后,样品组加入2 mL蛹虫草样品溶液(溶解于无血清DMEM培养基中),对照组和模型组则加入2 mL无血清DMEM培养基,所有组别均在37 ℃细胞培养箱中继续培养24 h。培养结束后,吸取孔内培养液,进行离心处理,收集上清液备用,此为细胞上清液。用PBS缓冲液清洗贴壁细胞,并配制细胞裂解液(细胞裂解液与PMSF以100:1的比例混合),将200 µL细胞裂解液加入每孔,与贴壁细胞充分接触后,使用细胞刮刀将细胞刮下,并吸取液体转移至离心管中,10000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液,此为细胞裂解液。使用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒进行蛋白浓度测定,具体操作按照试剂盒说明书进行。
采用CAT检测试剂盒、GSH-Px检测试剂盒、SOD检测试剂盒和MDA检测试剂盒并按照试剂盒说明书测定抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量。以细胞裂解液上清的蛋白含量进行各项指标的归一化。
根据文献[29]的方法,进行total RNA的提取、Oligo dT的富集、将mRNA进行片段化、反转合成cDNA、连接adaptor、进行片段筛选和文库富集,最后进行llumina HiSeq Xten/NovaSeq6000上机测序。
以P-adjust<0.05和|log2FC|>1.5为筛选标准,筛选差异表达基因,并建立复制性衰老基因集A(Old vs. Young)、样品处理基因集B(Old_YCC vs. Old),并下载数据。
对复制性衰老基因集A、样品处理基因集B进行差异表达基因筛选,建立模型组和对照组相比上调的差异基因集(A_Up),模型组和对照组相比下调的差异基因集(A_Down),样品组和模型组相比上调的差异基因集(B_Up),样品组和模型组相比下调的差异基因集(B_Down)。用美吉生物云平台进行Venn图分析,并建立基因集C(Old_UPDN_Old_YCC_DNUP),用于后续分析。
采用美吉生物云平台对基因集C进行功能注释分析和功能富集分析,主要包括基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)注释、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)注释、GO富集、KEGG富集分析。
将Venn分析出来基因集C中的基因提交STRING数据库,设定置信度0.40,构建蛋白质相互作用( Protein-Protein Interaction,PPI)网络,导出检索到的蛋白数据。同时,使用Cytoscape 3.10.0软件对蛋白质相互作用信息进一步分析,利用CytoNCA对核心蛋白进行排序,根据介数中心性(Betweenness)筛选出排名前10的核心靶点。
qRT-PCR用于验证差异基因的表达水平。根据制造商的说明,使用TriQuick试剂和UEIris II RT-PCR系统进行总RNA提取和cDNA合成。将所有合成的cDNA用Fast Super EvaGreen®qPCR Master Mix试剂盒进行PCR扩增。总反应体系为20 μL。所用引物序列见表1。根据NCBI中发布的基因序列,通过PrimerExpress软件设计引物,采用β-actin作为内参基因。程序条件为:酶激活,94 ℃,2 min,1个循环。变性,95 ℃,5 s;退火,60 ℃,5 s;延伸,72 ℃,25 s;45个循环。反应在QuanStudio 3荧光定量PCR仪上进行。
实验设置三组平行样本,所获取的数据以平均值±标准偏差表示。为确保数据分析的科学性与准确性,选用SPSS 17.0以及GraphPad Prism 10.1.2对相关数据进行分析。采用T-检验比较不同实验组之间差异的显著性。
YCC中总黄酮、总酚、总蛋白、还原糖、总糖、β-葡聚糖和虫草素含量的测定结果如表2所示。其中总糖占比最高,含量达45.84%±2.00%,其次是总蛋白,含量为29.72%±3.00%,虫草素占比最低,含量仅为0.07%±0.01%。这反映出YCC中各活性物质含量差异显著,总糖、总蛋白是主要成分,虫草素等为微量成分,这与文献[30]的研究结果一致。值得注意的是,菌丝体水溶性成分中通常糖和蛋白占比较高。例如,本课题组研究的蝉拟青霉发酵物中也是总糖与蛋白质含量最为丰富,且总糖含量高达65.34%±1.00%,而桦褐孔菌发酵水提物中同样以二者为主,但蛋白质含量更高[31]。上述结果表明,糖和蛋白作为重要营养物质及活性成分前体,在不同菌丝体水溶性成分中占比突出,这可能是菌丝体生长发育过程中物质合成与能量代谢的共同特征。
通过CCK-8检测了YCC对HFF细胞存活率的影响,结果如图1所示。细胞存活率和样品浓度呈现剂量依赖性,随着样品浓度的增加,HFF细胞存活率降低。当质量浓度为3 mg/mL时,细胞存活率为84.76%,当浓度大于3 mg/mL时,细胞活力明显下降,均小于80%。当细胞活力大于80%时认为该样品在此浓度下对细胞没有明显毒性[32]。以IC80作为参考确定无毒最大浓度,选择3 mg/mL作为后续的实验浓度,以方便后续实验结果对比。在最小化非特异性毒性干扰的同时,最大化YCC可能产生的特定生物学效应。
CAT是生物体内参与活性氧代谢的关键物质,可催化过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)分解为H2O和O2,从而消除其氧化毒性,保护细胞免受氧化损伤[33]。GSH-Px能通过催化还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)转化为氧化型谷胱甘肽(glutathione oxidized,GSSG),使有毒的过氧化物还原为无毒的羟基化合物,并促进H2O2分解,保护细胞膜的结构及功能不受过氧化物的干扰及损害[34]。SOD作为核心抗氧化酶,可催化超氧阴离子自由基(superoxide anion,O2−·)歧化为H2O2和O2,通过清除O2−·以阻止其积累引发的细胞膜脂质过氧化及膜裂变,维持机体代谢平衡并发挥抗氧化与抗衰老作用[35]。MDA是脂质过氧化的标志性产物,由细胞膜多不饱和脂肪酸经ROS和自由基攻击引发过氧化作用产生。氧化应激增强时,MDA因生成速率超过清除能力而在细胞或体液中累积,故其水平常作为氧化应激程度的评估指标[36]。
从图2可以看出,与对照组相比,复制性衰老模型组中CAT、SOD、GSH-Px活力显著降低(P<0.01),细胞内MDA含量显著增加(P<0.0001),高于对照组的2倍。经YCC处理后,细胞中抗氧化酶活性高于模型组,细胞内MDA含量显著低于模型组(P<0.0001),这与文献[37]结果一致。该结果说明,YCC发挥了良好的细胞保护作用,修复了细胞因复制性衰老引起的氧化应激损伤,明显提高细胞内抗氧化酶活性(CAT:37.82 units/mg蛋白;GSH-Px:7.76 units/mg蛋白;SOD:50.58 units/mg蛋白),降低了氧化应激损伤造成的MDA的积累(约2.49 μmol/mg蛋白)(P<0.0001)。雷燕妮等[38]利用D-半乳糖致小鼠亚急性衰老模型发现蛹虫草多糖可显著提高模型小鼠血清及肝脏中T-SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力,降低MDA含量,且呈良好的质量浓度依赖性,具有良好的体内抗氧化活性。灵芝菌丝体多糖也对该类指标有相似的影响作用,能对H2O2诱导的氧化应激损伤起到保护及修复作用[39]。
从图3A看出,对比模型组与对照组,可发现存在8960个差异基因,在这些基因里,有4332个属于上调基因,剩余4628个为下调基因。而样品组和模型组相比,差异基因共计381个,其中上调基因80个,下调基因301个。基于上述不同组间对比得出的差异基因,建立模型组和对照组相比上/下调,样品组和模型组相比上/下调的四个差异基因集,并命名为Old vs. Young_Up、Old vs. Young_Down、Old_YCC vs. Old_Up、Old_YCC vs. Old_Down。
以|log2FC|>1.5,P-adjust<0.05为标准,对基因进行筛选。图3差异基因火山图用于直观展示模型组和对照组、样品组和模型组之间的基因表达差异。Venn分析可清晰呈现各差异基因数量,直观地反映出不同差异基因集的基因重叠关系及基因在各个差异基因集中的数量分布情况,为后续研究提供清晰可视的数据支撑与分析依据。通过Venn分析(图3D),样品组能够使复制性衰老引起的207个基因发生逆转。其中,184个基因是模型组上调样品组下调,命名为A_Up vs. B_Down,23个基因是模型组下调样品组上调,命名为A_Down vs. B_Up。将这207个基因建立基因集,并命名为Old_UPDN_Old_YCC_DNUP,用于后续差异表达基因功能注释和功能富集分析。
功能注释的结果可为研究者提供基因功能、生物过程、细胞定位及调控机制等信息,帮助其深入了解基因在生物体中的作用以及相关的生理过程。图4A的GO功能注释分析显示,207个差异基因在分子功能(molecular function)方面主要富集到结合(binding)、催化活性(catalytic activity)、分子功能调节(molecular function regulator)等,表明其参与分子调控过程、催化反应以及分子间相互作用。细胞组成(cellular component)方面主要聚焦于细胞部分(cell part)、细胞器(organelle)以及细胞膜(membrane),表明差异基因在细胞结构、细胞器功能及细胞膜相关活动中起到重要作用。生物过程(biological process)方面主要涉及细胞过程(cellular process)、生物调节(biological regulation)、代谢过程(metabolic process)和对刺激的反应(response to stimulus),说明这些基因参与细胞基本活动(如生长、分裂、凋亡等)、调控机制(如信号转导、基因表达调控)和对外界环境变化的响应等过程。图4B的KEGG功能注释显示,这207个差异基因在代谢(metabolism)、信号转导(signal transduction)、细胞生长与死亡(cell growth and death)以及免疫系统(immune system)等通路中发挥关键作用。
图4C的GO功能富集分析显示,获得的差异基因与细胞内信号转导调控、细胞黏附、细胞过程的调节密切相关,表明其参与细胞信号传递、增殖、分化和迁移等过程。图4D的KEGG功能富集分析发现,差异基因涉及NOD-like receptor、IL-17、TNF、PI3K-AKT、AGE-RAGE、NF-κB等信号通路以及细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用、细胞凋亡等途径,表明其参与炎症调控、细胞凋亡、代谢紊乱等生物过程。
PI3K-AKT信号通路作为细胞内关键信号传导途径,可调节细胞生长增殖、转录及物质代谢等功能,且与氧化应激损伤存在双向调控关系:一方面,其激活后通过AKT磷酸化激活下游eNOS发挥抗氧化作用,如激活RGC-5细胞的PI3K/Akt/eNOS通路可降低ROS和MDA水平以减轻氧化损伤[40]。另一方面,过度氧化应激可能通过氧化修饰影响通路蛋白活性,导致信号传导异常。此外,该通路通常负调控炎症,抑制时上调单核细胞中NF-κB、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等炎症因子表达,加重炎症反应[41]。Cheng等[42]证实,该通路可介导谷物发酵的抗氧化损伤作用,H2O2刺激下,上调的差异基因富集于细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用和IL-17信号通路,进而又激活PI3K通路。
AGE-RAGE信号通路与多种慢性疾病相关,AGE与RAGE结合后可激活PKC、PI3K-AKT及MAPK等多条信号通路,使NF-κB等转录因子活化。该通路会增加细胞内ROS产生,提高氧化应激水平并形成AGE积累的恶性循环加重损伤[43]。Pu等[44]发现,Djon Djon发酵液(DDF)可调控AGE-RAGE、MAPK、TNF、IL-17等信号通路相关基因的表达,包括AGE-RAGE通路中ICAM1、SERPINE1、FN1和PLCB1四个差异基因,且DDF可升高细胞中CAT水平,抑制下游IL-1和IL-6表达。
IL-17信号通路是由白细胞介素17(IL-17)介导,含受体、蛋白、信号转导及转录激活因子的细胞内信号转导过程。IL-17A至IL-17F经IL-17RA至IL-17RE介导,参与宿主防御、炎症及癌症等过程[45]。其下游靶点包括促炎趋化因子(CXCL1、CXCL8、CXCL10)、细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6)和急性期反应物质(SAA、MMP1、RANKL),且与TNF-α、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)等协同作用可增强目标细胞对炎症反应的诱导[46]。该通路在免疫应答和炎症反应中起关键作用,核心是IL-17家族与受体结合后激活下游信号级联,调控靶基因表达,参与机体防御及多种疾病发生[47]。故阻断该信号通路能减轻炎症并下调免疫细胞炎症相关基因且延缓年龄相关特征。
多种物质可调控IL-17相关通路:甘草酸衍生物通过下调IL-17A和INF-γ,减少角蛋白细胞增殖以改善银屑病,并抑制IL-17A诱导的IL-6、TNF-α和CCL20表达[48];连翘酯苷A能抑制IL-17R-Act1-TRAF6信号复合物形成及下游AP-1激活,阻止IL-17RA与IL-17A结合及下游Traf6产生,下调MMP-1、MMP-3、COX2和炎症因子基因表达,从而抑制IL-17信号通路,减少炎症和细胞损伤[49];白藜芦醇通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路,抑制Th17细胞分化,减少IL-17等细胞因子分泌,其调控机制可为皮肤自身免疫性炎症研究提供思路[50]。
本研究发现,YCC差异表达基因显著性富集在IL-17信号通路中,表明该信号通路起着关键作用。多项研究已证明其具有抗氧化和免疫调节功能,可能通过抑制IL-17信号通路来减轻炎症性衰老。该通路在皮肤屏障功能、伤口愈合和自身免疫性疾病中起核心作用,同时参与细胞衰老进程,慢性炎症可加速成纤维细胞的衰老,导致胶原降解和组织修复能力下降[51]。此外,IL-17与多条信号通路存在交互影响,可通过PI3K-AKT信号通路抑制细胞凋亡,而TNF又能激活该通路[52]。因此,本课题选取IL-17信号通路进行转录水平的验证。
PPI用于分析细胞生物学及生物系统中蛋白间的相互作用,有助于理解蛋白质功能,还能筛选出蛋白互作网络上的关键节点蛋白,对生物标志物筛选意义重大。因此,本研究进一步对差异表达基因进行数据库分析并绘制可视化结果,以获取相关PPI网络。
本研究将转录组分析得到的207个差异基因导入STRING数据库(https://cn.string-db.org)中,以Homo sapiens为筛选条件进行搜索,匹配到207个蛋白。将STRING数据库查找到的蛋白信息导入Cytoscape中,构建PPI网络,采用cytoNCA插件进行基因分析,共有136个节点,626条边,见图5。按照Betweenness排序,前10的是IL6、CAV1、THBS1、FGF2、CCL2、HGF、BIRC3、CXCL8、HELZ2、H2BC5,详见表3。BAE等[53]发现,鞣花酸可减少UVB照射小鼠体内IL-1β、IL-6等促炎细胞因子生成,抑制炎症巨噬细胞浸润及细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)表达,从而预防胶原蛋白破坏和炎症反应。皮肤成纤维细胞在自然及紫外线诱导衰老中均存在CAV1表达上调,这与透明质酸含量改变、胶原蛋白表达减少及组织炎症增加等皮肤衰老特征相关,选择性降低其表达可能有助于皮肤抗衰老[54]。FGF可通过激活Ras-Raf-MAPK、PI3K-Akt等信号通路参与细胞增殖与抗凋亡过程,并调控胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白合成,对维持皮肤抗性与弹性及抗皮肤衰老具有重要作用[55]。
上述指标多为炎症、细胞功能调控相关蛋白,涉及免疫应答、细胞增殖分化、代谢调节等生理病理过程,覆盖炎症应答、细胞功能调控、微环境重塑等核心环节,是疾病发生发展的“分子枢纽”。其中IL-6是IL-17通路介导皮肤衰老的经典效应分子。衰老皮肤中的免疫细胞高分泌IL-17A/F,通过结合IL-17受体激活NF-κB通路,上调IL-6表达。作为下游效应因子,IL-6通过STAT3通路抑制胶原合成并上调基质金属蛋白酶表达,加速皮肤老化,且二者形成炎症恶性循环[56]。靶向抑制IL-17能降低IL-6水平,改善衰老皮肤的炎症状态与结构完整性。因此在后续实验中选择IL-6基因进行验证。
通过qRT-PCR测定IL-17信号通路相关基因的表达来探究复制性衰老对IL-17信号通路的影响。结果如图6所示,诱导HFF细胞发生复制性衰老后,IL-17信号通路被活化,IL-17A、IL-17C、Akt1、AP-1、TNF-α、IL-6基因相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),IL-17R-Akt1-TRAF6信号复合物的形成和触发,进一步激活了AP-1,启动下游炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6,从而引发炎症。
使用YCC对衰老细胞处理后,可以看出,IL-17信号通路大部分相关基因表达量趋于正常水平。TNF-α基因调控路径多样,存在大量不依赖IL-17的调控分支,因此出现YCC干预后TNF-α转录水平未降低的现象。可见,YCC可通过抑制IL-17信号通路基因的表达,减少IL-17信号通路下游炎症因子的激活,抑制炎症反应,使细胞更加健康。这表明IL-17信号通路可能是YCC发挥作用的重要途径。
本课题以复制性衰老模型为研究载体,结果表明,YCC可明显提升HFF细胞中抗氧化酶的活力(CAT:37.82 units/mg蛋白;GSH-Px:7.76 units/mg蛋白;SOD:50.58 units/mg蛋白),并显著降低MDA的积累(约2.49 μmol/mg 蛋白)(P<0.0001),有效修护了细胞因复制性衰老引起的氧化应激损伤。通过Venn图分析发现样品组能够使复制性衰老产生的207个基因发生逆转。经PPI网络分析选出Betweenness排名前10的PPI网络核心靶点(IL6、CAV1、THBS1、FGF2、CCL2、HGF、BIRC3、CXCL8、HELZ2、H2BC5),发现这些蛋白主要参与炎症、细胞凋亡和氧化应激调控等生物学过程,可作为后续机制挖掘的核心方向。同时,通过功能富集分析筛选出IL-17信号通路,验证发现YCC可通过抑制该通路相关基因(IL-17A、IL-17C、Akt1、AP-1、IL-6)的表达,减少下游炎症因子的激活,减缓炎症的发生,从而达到延缓衰老的作用。
本研究表明,YCC通过增强细胞抗氧化能力、逆转衰老相关基因表达及抑制IL-17信号通路等方式,对复制性衰老的HFF细胞起到保护和延缓衰老的作用,揭示了YCC的潜在保健功能,为其在功能性食品等领域的开发应用提供理论支撑,有助于推动药食同源资源在食品产业中的创新利用。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080121
  • 接收时间:2025-08-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-13
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    1北京工商大学轻工科学与工程学院,北京 100048
    2北商加美(北京)科技有限公司,北京 100048

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张佳婵(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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