Article(id=1320880347433251041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080150, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755014400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852015598, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852015598, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852015598, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852015598, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=496, endPage=506, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880347638771938, articleId=1320880347433251041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Protective Effect and Mechanism of Gastrodigenin on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice, columnId=1320880301220410188, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Food Nutrition and Health Benefits, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the preventive and protective effects of gastrodigenin (p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, HBA) on acute liver injury (ALI) induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as well as its regulatory effect on intestinal flora, and to explore its underlying protective mechanism. Methods: A mouse model of ALI induced by CCl4 was established, and mice were administered different doses of HBA (18, 36, and 72 mg/kg/d) 7 days prior to model induction. The detection indicators included: The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the liver content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathological examination of liver tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of inflammatory factors, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western Blot were employed to determine the expression levels of inflammatory factors in liver tissue. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was applied to analyze the intestinal microbiota composition of in mice based on cecal contents. Results: Compared with the model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose HBA intervention showed protective effedts on CCl4-induced ALI mice in a dose-dependent manner. High-dose HBA significantly reduced the serum levels of ALT (P<0.01) and AST (P<0.0001), as well as the hepatic content of MDA (P<0.001) in mice. It also increased the activities of SOD (P<0.05) and CAT (P<0.001) and decreased the serum levels of inflammatory factors in both serum and liver. In addition, it could effectively alleviated weight loss (P<0.001), liver tissue swelling, and steatosis in mice, and exerted the optimal hepatoprotective effect on ALI mice. Therefore, the high-dose HBA group was selected for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that CCl4 induction altered the species richness of intestinal microbiota. High-dose HBA intervention effectively mitigated the reduction in species richness, improved the microbiota structure at the genus level, promoted the proliferation of the beneficial bacterium Alistipes, and inhibited the colonization of the harmful bacterium Helicobacter. Conclusion: This study confirms that HBA exerts significant protective effects on ALI mice, potentially through enhancing the body’s antioxidant capacity, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and modulating the intestinal microbiota.

, authors=Yufeng ZHENG1, Xianjun LIU2, Wen JIANG1, Yue LIU2, Xianglong MENG3, Zhandong LI2, Yingqi LIU2, Yiting YANG2, Hao LI2, *, authorsList=Yufeng ZHENG, Xianjun LIU, Wen JIANG, Yue LIU, Xianglong MENG, Zhandong LI, Yingqi LIU, Yiting YANG, Hao LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hao LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880350172131567, articleId=1320880347433251041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=天麻苷元对四氯化碳诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及机制, columnId=1320880301400765262, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=食品营养与健康功效, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:本研究旨在探讨天麻苷元(Gastrodigenin,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,HBA)对四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride,CCl4)所致急性肝损伤(Acute liver injury,ALI)的预防保护作用及其对肠道菌群的调节作用并探索其保护机制。方法:建立CCl4诱导的ALI小鼠模型,于造模前7 d给予不同剂量的HBA(18、36、72 mg/kg/d)。检测指标包括:血清中谷丙转氨酶(Alanine aminotrans-ferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(Aspartate transaminase,AST)活性,肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)的活性,以及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,肝脏组织病理学检查;ELISA检测血清中炎症因子的含量,qPCR和Western Blot检测肝脏组织中炎症因子的表达水平。并基于盲肠内容物采用16S rRNA测序技术分析各组小鼠肠道菌群组成。结果:与模型组相比,低、中、高剂量的HBA干预对CCl4所致的ALI小鼠的保护作用具有剂量依赖性,高剂量的HBA能降低小鼠血清ALT(P<0.01)、AST(P<0.0001)水平及肝组织中MDA(P<0.001)含量,提升SOD(P<0.05)和CAT(P<0.001)活性,降低血清及肝脏中炎症因子水平。此外,可有效缓解小鼠的体重下降(P<0.001)及肝组织肿胀与脂肪变性,对ALI小鼠肝保护作用最佳,故选取高剂量HBA组进行16S rRNA测序分析。肠道菌群分析显示:CCl4诱导使肠道菌群的物种丰度改变;高剂量的HBA干预可有效缓解物种丰度降低,在属水平上改善菌群结构,促进有益菌Alistipes的增殖,抑制有害菌Helicobacter的定植。结论:本研究证实HBA对ALI小鼠具有显著保护作用,其机制可能与增强机体抗氧化能力、抑制炎症反应及调节肠道菌群有关。

, authors=郑喻丰1, 刘咸筠2, 姜雯1, 柳越2, 孟祥龙3, 李占东2, 柳英奇2, 杨艺婷2, 李皓2, *, authorsList=郑喻丰, 刘咸筠, 姜雯, 柳越, 孟祥龙, 李占东, 柳英奇, 杨艺婷, 李皓, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李皓, authorNote=

郑喻丰(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:分子营养,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李皓(1967−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:分子营养,E-mail:。
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注:(A)肝脏总体图像;(B)体重变化率;(C)肝脏指数;(D)肝组织病理学结果(200×,100 μm);与Control组相比,****P<0.0001,***P<0.001,**P<0.01,*P<0.05;与Model组比较,####P<0.0001,###P<0.001,##P<0.01,#P<0.05,图2~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=nMRiPtjZBZOWRcy2xQopJw==, figureFileBig=z3hwa+1bPugcDj8CE7UqSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880356866240818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of HBA on ALT, AST in serum and SOD, MDA, CAT in liver of ALI mice, figureFileSmall=Km9VzRdd0qbxAOQJrsUgWw==, figureFileBig=yfe8l/NjieFHGPk9a53txw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880356941738291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HBA对ALI小鼠血清中ALT、AST及肝脏中SOD、MDA、CAT的影响

注:(A)血清ALT活力;(B)血清AST活力;(C)肝脏SOD活力;(D)肝脏MDA含量;(E)肝脏CAT活力。

, figureFileSmall=Km9VzRdd0qbxAOQJrsUgWw==, figureFileBig=yfe8l/NjieFHGPk9a53txw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880357008847156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Detection of inflammatory factors and activity in serum and liver of ALI mice by HBA, figureFileSmall=Pg7H1EIKP+O+TNAYGH8FQQ==, figureFileBig=7NFR0/9tan/nwu3rNxYmEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880357260505397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HBA对ALI小鼠血清和肝脏中炎症因子和活性的检测

注:(A)血清TNF-α含量;(B)血清IL-1β含量;(C)血清IL-6含量;(D)肝脏TNF-α的相对表达量;(E)肝脏IL-1β的相对表达量;(F)肝脏IL-6的相对表达量。

, figureFileSmall=Pg7H1EIKP+O+TNAYGH8FQQ==, figureFileBig=7NFR0/9tan/nwu3rNxYmEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880357327614262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Detection of the effect of HBA on the protein expression of inflammatory factors in the liver of ALI mice, figureFileSmall=RW+ArVYak0Od5RgkkCP0yg==, figureFileBig=sUSmkBOOWp1GSK2Mep3mDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880357407306039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HBA对ALI小鼠肝脏中炎症因子蛋白表达的检测, figureFileSmall=RW+ArVYak0Od5RgkkCP0yg==, figureFileBig=sUSmkBOOWp1GSK2Mep3mDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880357512163640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Analysis of the effect of HBA on α and β diversity of gut microbiota in ALI mice, figureFileSmall=STT8RWBOyL83LszzT7CfTQ==, figureFileBig=jqQVYfNsg5f2W9+VGAfPdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880357679935801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=CN, label=图5, caption=HBA对ALI小鼠肠道菌群α、β多样性分析

注:(A)Chao 1指数;(B)Shannon指数;(C)Observed species指数;(D)Pielou_e指数;(E)物种多样性曲线;(F)物种累计箱型图;(G)β多样性热图;(H)PCoA分析;(I)NMDS分析。

, figureFileSmall=STT8RWBOyL83LszzT7CfTQ==, figureFileBig=jqQVYfNsg5f2W9+VGAfPdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880357747044666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparative analysis of the significance of species differences in the gut microbial community of ALI mice under the effect of HBA, figureFileSmall=GJ+2cOputAmh9LDAifXGqw==, figureFileBig=jEejq+zLnu5NXlZRS/YVAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880359424766267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HBA对ALI小鼠肠道微生物群落物种差异显著性比较分析

注:(A)韦恩花瓣图;(B)Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes的比值;(C)功能相对丰度聚类热图;(D)LDA值分布柱状图;(E)属水平物种进化树。

, figureFileSmall=GJ+2cOputAmh9LDAifXGqw==, figureFileBig=jEejq+zLnu5NXlZRS/YVAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880359491875132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称上游引物(5 →3')下游引物(5' → 3')
TNF-αGGGCCATAGAACT
GATGAGAGGG
TCCAGAACTCCAGGCGGT
IL-6TTGTATGAACAACGA
TGATGCACT
TGTTCTTCATGTACTC
CAGGTAGC
IL-1βGTAGTGCAGTTGTCTA
ATGGGAACG
GCTACCTGTGTCTTTC
CCGTGGA
GAPDHGCATTGCTGACAATCT
TGAGTGAG
TGTCTTCACCACCAT
GGAGAAG
), ArticleFig(id=1320880359609315645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880347433251041, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称上游引物(5 →3')下游引物(5' → 3')
TNF-αGGGCCATAGAACT
GATGAGAGGG
TCCAGAACTCCAGGCGGT
IL-6TTGTATGAACAACGA
TGATGCACT
TGTTCTTCATGTACTC
CAGGTAGC
IL-1βGTAGTGCAGTTGTCTA
ATGGGAACG
GCTACCTGTGTCTTTC
CCGTGGA
GAPDHGCATTGCTGACAATCT
TGAGTGAG
TGTCTTCACCACCAT
GGAGAAG
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天麻苷元对四氯化碳诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及机制
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郑喻丰 1 , 刘咸筠 2 , 姜雯 1 , 柳越 2 , 孟祥龙 3 , 李占东 2 , 柳英奇 2 , 杨艺婷 2 , 李皓 2, *
食品工业科技 | 食品营养与健康功效 2026,47(18): 496-506
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食品工业科技 |食品营养与健康功效 2026 , 47 (18) : 496 -506
天麻苷元对四氯化碳诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及机制
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郑喻丰1 , 刘咸筠2, 姜雯1, 柳越2, 孟祥龙3, 李占东2, 柳英奇2, 杨艺婷2, 李皓2, *
作者信息
  • 1长春工业大学化学与生命科学学院,吉林长春 130012
  • 2吉林工程技术师范学院生物与食品工程学院,吉林长春 130052
  • 3吉林大学第三医院消化内科,吉林长春 130031
通讯作者:
李皓(1967−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:分子营养,E-mail:。
作者简介:

郑喻丰(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:分子营养,E-mail:

Protective Effect and Mechanism of Gastrodigenin on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice
Yufeng ZHENG1 , Xianjun LIU2, Wen JIANG1, Yue LIU2, Xianglong MENG3, Zhandong LI2, Yingqi LIU2, Yiting YANG2, Hao LI2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
  • 2College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China
  • 3Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080150
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目的:本研究旨在探讨天麻苷元(Gastrodigenin,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,HBA)对四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride,CCl4)所致急性肝损伤(Acute liver injury,ALI)的预防保护作用及其对肠道菌群的调节作用并探索其保护机制。方法:建立CCl4诱导的ALI小鼠模型,于造模前7 d给予不同剂量的HBA(18、36、72 mg/kg/d)。检测指标包括:血清中谷丙转氨酶(Alanine aminotrans-ferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(Aspartate transaminase,AST)活性,肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)的活性,以及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,肝脏组织病理学检查;ELISA检测血清中炎症因子的含量,qPCR和Western Blot检测肝脏组织中炎症因子的表达水平。并基于盲肠内容物采用16S rRNA测序技术分析各组小鼠肠道菌群组成。结果:与模型组相比,低、中、高剂量的HBA干预对CCl4所致的ALI小鼠的保护作用具有剂量依赖性,高剂量的HBA能降低小鼠血清ALT(P<0.01)、AST(P<0.0001)水平及肝组织中MDA(P<0.001)含量,提升SOD(P<0.05)和CAT(P<0.001)活性,降低血清及肝脏中炎症因子水平。此外,可有效缓解小鼠的体重下降(P<0.001)及肝组织肿胀与脂肪变性,对ALI小鼠肝保护作用最佳,故选取高剂量HBA组进行16S rRNA测序分析。肠道菌群分析显示:CCl4诱导使肠道菌群的物种丰度改变;高剂量的HBA干预可有效缓解物种丰度降低,在属水平上改善菌群结构,促进有益菌Alistipes的增殖,抑制有害菌Helicobacter的定植。结论:本研究证实HBA对ALI小鼠具有显著保护作用,其机制可能与增强机体抗氧化能力、抑制炎症反应及调节肠道菌群有关。

天麻苷元  /  急性肝损伤  /  肠道菌群  /  炎症反应  /  氧化应激

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the preventive and protective effects of gastrodigenin (p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, HBA) on acute liver injury (ALI) induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as well as its regulatory effect on intestinal flora, and to explore its underlying protective mechanism. Methods: A mouse model of ALI induced by CCl4 was established, and mice were administered different doses of HBA (18, 36, and 72 mg/kg/d) 7 days prior to model induction. The detection indicators included: The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the liver content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathological examination of liver tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of inflammatory factors, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western Blot were employed to determine the expression levels of inflammatory factors in liver tissue. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was applied to analyze the intestinal microbiota composition of in mice based on cecal contents. Results: Compared with the model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose HBA intervention showed protective effedts on CCl4-induced ALI mice in a dose-dependent manner. High-dose HBA significantly reduced the serum levels of ALT (P<0.01) and AST (P<0.0001), as well as the hepatic content of MDA (P<0.001) in mice. It also increased the activities of SOD (P<0.05) and CAT (P<0.001) and decreased the serum levels of inflammatory factors in both serum and liver. In addition, it could effectively alleviated weight loss (P<0.001), liver tissue swelling, and steatosis in mice, and exerted the optimal hepatoprotective effect on ALI mice. Therefore, the high-dose HBA group was selected for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that CCl4 induction altered the species richness of intestinal microbiota. High-dose HBA intervention effectively mitigated the reduction in species richness, improved the microbiota structure at the genus level, promoted the proliferation of the beneficial bacterium Alistipes, and inhibited the colonization of the harmful bacterium Helicobacter. Conclusion: This study confirms that HBA exerts significant protective effects on ALI mice, potentially through enhancing the body’s antioxidant capacity, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and modulating the intestinal microbiota.

gastrodigenin  /  acute liver injury  /  gut microbiota  /  inflammatory response  /  oxidative stress
郑喻丰, 刘咸筠, 姜雯, 柳越, 孟祥龙, 李占东, 柳英奇, 杨艺婷, 李皓. 天麻苷元对四氯化碳诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 496 -506 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080150
Yufeng ZHENG, Xianjun LIU, Wen JIANG, Yue LIU, Xianglong MENG, Zhandong LI, Yingqi LIU, Yiting YANG, Hao LI. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Gastrodigenin on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 496 -506 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080150
急性肝损伤(Acute liver injury,ALI)是一种临床常见,由多种诱因造成的肝脏在短期内病理性损伤的过程[1]。轻微的ALI可通过肝细胞增殖进行自身修复,而肝脏持续性受到损伤得不到救治,严重会演变成肝硬化甚至是肝癌[2−3]。有相关数据表明肝脏疾病每年可导致200万人死亡,占全球总死亡人数的4%,死亡原因主要由肝硬化并发症和肝细胞癌导致,基于ALI的诱因和发病机制的复杂性,目前临床治疗难以兼顾全面,存在现有治疗药物针对性窄、匮乏的明显短板[4−5]。四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride,CCl4)因其亲肝毒性及所导致的肝损伤在病理表现上与人类肝脏疾病高度相似,被广泛用于构建ALI模型[6−7]。有研究表明,中药的活性成分可使给药组小鼠肝脏损伤呈剂量依赖性恢复,证实其在肝损伤防治中取得的显著成效[8]。同时有研究证实肝损伤的发病机制与活性氧生成所导致的氧化应激及促炎细胞因子激活、分泌所引发的炎症反应密切相关[9]。复方中药方剂可通过改善血清及肝组织中抗氧化酶活性以减轻氧化应激,降低TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平以抑制炎症反应对肝损伤具有保护作用[10]。由此可见,抑制氧化应激与调控炎症反应是保护肝脏免受损伤的重要作用方式之一。
天麻苷元(Gastrodigenin,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,HBA)化学名为对羟基苯甲醇,为天麻中提取出的有效成分,是天麻中另一活性成分天麻素的代谢产物[11]。可通过阻断阿尔茨海默病小鼠血清中炎症因子含量的上升起到抗炎功能,在抗惊厥研究中,清除与过氧化效应有关的自由基[12−13],具有显著的抗炎和抗氧化的功效。天麻素对肝损伤具有保护作用,可在肝、脑组织匀浆中被代谢为天麻苷元[14]。因此HBA可能经天麻素于肝脏中代谢进而参与肝损伤保护过程,已有研究表明HBA通过Nrf2/HO-1信号通路发挥降脂和抗氧化双重功效进而改善非酒精性脂肪肝[15],但当前国内外研究中,针对HBA对其他类型肝损伤的直接干预效果及具体作用机制仍鲜见报道。近年来,越来越多的研究表明肠道菌群与ALI密切相关。而肠道与肝脏间由遗传、饮食和环境因素介导的双向作用为肠-肝轴,为探究肝损伤的调控机制提供了研究方向[16]。肠道菌群失衡可通过改变肠道通透性,促进微生物代谢物、毒素释放进而导致肝损伤,而相关研究证实HBA能调节肠道菌群结构,保护肠道黏膜屏障,减少血清促炎因子的释放[12,17]。
本研究旨在观察HBA在CCl4诱导的ALI小鼠模型中的肝脏保护作用,同时探讨其是否通过调控氧化应激、抑制炎症反应以减轻肝损伤,以及调节肠道菌群平衡以改善肠-肝轴稳态发挥作用,为深入研究HBA护肝及促进肠道健康功效的相关机制研究奠定理论基础。
SPF级雄性昆明小鼠 30只,5周龄,体重20±2 g,辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司,许可证编号:SCXK(辽)2020-0001;HBA(99.34%) MCE公司;CCl4、橄榄油、1%羧甲基纤维素溶液 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;谷草转氨酶(Aspartate transaminase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(Alanine aminotrans-ferase,ALT)测试盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性检测试剂盒、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)检测试剂盒、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)检测试剂盒、三色预染蛋白质分子量标准(8~180 kDa)、PAGE凝胶快速制备试剂盒(10%)、5×SDS-PAGE蛋白上样缓冲液、Hifair® III 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix for qPCR(gDNA digester plus)、10×TBST缓冲液、10×快速转膜液、Hieff® qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix(No Rox)、TRIeasy® LS Total RNA Extraction Reagent液体总RNA提取试剂 上海翌圣生物科技有限公司;TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β酶联免疫吸附试剂盒(ELISA) 杭州华安生物技术有限公司;无水乙醇、氯仿、异丙醇(AR) 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;GAPDH、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β引物 通用生物(安徽)股份有限公司;蛋白提取用细胞裂解液、PMSF 上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;ECL显影剂 上海天能科技有限公司;TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β兔一抗 杭州华安生物技术有限公司;β-actin鼠一抗、山羊二抗 proteintech公司;SDS-PAGE快速电泳液(Tris-Gly,10×) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;0.22 μm pvdf膜 Millipour。
500 g/0.001 B电子天平 宁波市鄞州群安实验仪器有限公司;YT-101H脱色摇床 上海精其仪器有限公司;IVC-Ⅱ型独立送风隔离笼具 苏州市冯氏实验动物设备有限公司;MK-10干式恒温器 杭州奥盛仪器有限公司;DW-HL680超低温冷冻储存箱 中科美菱低温科技股份有限公司;TC1000-G PCR梯度基因扩增仪 大龙兴创实验仪器(北京)股份公司;SPARK多功能酶标仪 帝肯奥地利有限责任公司;Tanon-4600SF全自动化学发光图像分析系统 上海天能科技有限公司;DYY-6C型电泳仪电源 北京六一生物科技有限公司;NanoPhotometer N50 Touch IMPLEN GMBH;qTOWER 2.2荧光定量PCR 耶拿分析仪器(北京)有限公司。
30只5周龄SPF级雄性昆明小鼠,经吉林工程技术师范学院伦理委员会批准(批准号:2024SY11001),进行适应性喂养7 d后将其随机分成5组,分别为正常对照组(Control组)、ALI模型组(Model组)、HBA低剂量组(HBA-L,18 mg/kg)、HBA中剂量组(HBA-M,36 mg/kg)、HBA高剂量组(HBA-H,72 mg/kg),每组6只,前7 d处理中,Control组和Model组每天灌胃1%羧甲基纤维素溶液,其余三组每天灌胃相应受试物,每组小鼠灌胃体积为0.01 mL/g[18−19]。第7 d最后一次灌胃1 h后除Control组外其他组腹腔注射0.9% CCl4橄榄油溶液[20−21],Control组腹腔注射相同剂量的橄榄油,禁食24 h后处死小鼠取样本用于后续实验。本实验研究中涉及的所有实验动物的饲养均按照国家实验动物福利指南及实验动物伦理规范进行。
小鼠禁食24 h后无菌条件下采集各组小鼠新鲜的盲肠内容物;内眦静脉丛取血,全血室温静置1 h,2500 r/min离心10 min,分离血清;取肝组织,部分肝脏采用4%多聚甲醛固定,进行病理学检测,其余肝组织采用预冷生理盐水清洗后,将获取的样品均冻存于−80 ℃冰箱,备用。
实验过程中记录小鼠给药前及各天体质量,以给药前体质量归一化,计算其体重变化率。解剖得到小鼠肝脏进行大体观察并称量计算肝脏指数:
$ 肝脏指数=\frac{肝脏质量}{小鼠体质量}\times 100 $
小鼠肝脏组织经固定、脱水、浸蜡、包埋处理制备为病理切片,将切片厚度标准设定为5 μm。切片经二甲苯脱蜡后,采用H&E染色对小鼠肝脏组织切片进行染色,最终利用光学显微镜观察肝脏组织的病理变化。
应用试剂盒检测血清中ALT、AST的活性,实验按照试剂盒说明书进行。解剖小鼠取得部分肝脏样品,称取0.1 g,按1:9体积比加入提前预冷的生理盐水,冰水浴中充分研磨,匀浆结束后离心吸取上清液(4 ℃,3000 r/min,15 min),用BCA试剂盒检测蛋白浓度,按照试剂盒说明书测定肝脏组织中SOD、CAT活性及MDA的含量。
采用ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量,实验步骤按照试剂盒方法进行。
qPCR法检测肝脏炎症因子mRNA的表达水平,使用Trizol试剂从肝组织中提取RNA,逆转录合成cDNA。使用SYBR Green PCR Master Mix进行实时荧光定量PCR,以20 μL的总体积,检测计算各组mRNA TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β相对于GAPDH的表达量,引物序列见表1,基因的相对表达水平通过2−ΔΔCt方法计算。
WB检测肝脏中炎症因子的表达,先提取肝组织中的蛋白,并通过BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测得蛋白浓度。每孔上样20 μg蛋白后进行电泳,以将等量的蛋白质提取物分离到10%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上并转移至PVDF膜。在将非特异性结合位点进行阻断后,将膜与IL-6抗体(1:2000)、IL-1β抗体(1:2000)、TNF-α抗体(1:2000)、β-actin(1:10000)4 ℃孵育过夜。TBST清洗5 min,重复3次后,二抗室温孵育1 h,TBST清洗5min、3次后用ECL显影液在凝胶成像系统中进行显影。
以小鼠盲肠内容物为检测样本,提取样本的DNA,测序委托北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司,基于Illumina NovaSeq平台的16S rRNA高通量测序方法,分析肠道微生物群落的组成。以16S rDNA基因高变区V3~V4区为引物进行PCR扩增,利用IlluminaⅡ文库制备试剂盒进行文库构建,包括末端修复、加A尾和接头连接,文库质量通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行检测和验证。经过适当的定量后,文库被加载到Illumina NovaSeq测序平台进行高通量双端测序。测序数据经过质量控制后,得到相应的ASVs结果序列,对各代表序列做物种注释,获取物种信息及基于物种的丰度分布;同时通过丰度分析、Alpha多样性计算、Venn图分析等掌握样本内物种丰富度与均匀度;经多序列比对构建系统发育树,搭配PCoA、NMDS等降维分析及样本聚类树探究群落结构差异;采用LEfSe等方法检验分组样本物种组成与群落结构的差异显著性;并关联功能数据库,借助Tax4Fun等软件完成微生物群落功能预测分析。采用16S rRNA测序技术分析各组小鼠肠道菌群组成,揭示HBA对CCl4诱导的小鼠ALI肠道菌群的影响。
利用Prism软件(10.1.2版)将各组间的统计学差异进行单因素方差分析验证,量化的实验数据用均数±标准差(SD)表示,当总体F检验结果显著时(P<0.05),采用LSD法进行事后比较,以确定显著性成对差异的具体位置。
观察图1(A)小鼠肝脏发现:Control组小鼠肝脏颜色正常且表面光滑无异常;Model组小鼠肝脏表面呈颗粒感且暗淡无光;HBA给药组小鼠随着给药剂量增加,其肝脏表面有光泽且颜色偏亮同时颗粒感较弱,HBA可具有恢复肝脏大体形态使其趋于正常的作用。由图1(B)可知,各组在前7 d内的体重变化相似,各组间体重变化率无显著差异。注射CCl4并禁食处理后相较于Control组,Model组体重极其显著下降(P<0.0001),给药组相较于Model组呈剂量依赖性的上升。由图1(C)可知,Model组的肝脏指数较Control组极其显著升高(P<0.0001),在三组给药组中,其中HBA-H组相比于Model组极显著下降(P<0.01)。从图1(D)中可以发现Control组小鼠肝小叶结构完整、清晰可见,肝细胞大小一致,围绕中央静脉区域呈放射状排列。Model组小鼠表现出中央静脉周围有明显的炎细胞浸润和大面积细胞坏死。而经HBA预处理的肝损伤小鼠切片可以观察到,HBA处理明显降低肝脏组织的损伤面积、细胞坏死和炎细胞浸润的发生情况。结果表明,HBA可从肝脏大体形态、体重维持、肝脏指数调节及肝组织病理损伤多方面进行恢复,对CCl4诱导的小鼠肝损伤发挥保护作用。
如图2所示,与Control组相比,Model组的AST、ALT活力及MDA含量升高具有极其显著性(P<0.0001),HBA-L、HBA-M、HBA-H组的AST、ALT活力及MDA含量与Model组相比均呈降低趋势,呈现剂量依赖性,其中HBA-H组的保护效果最显著。如图2(C)、图2(E)所示,与Control组相比,Model组的SOD(P<0.001)、CAT(P<0.0001)活力极其显著降低。与Model组相比,HBA-L、HBA-M、HBA-H组的肝脏SOD、CAT活力上升,呈现剂量依赖性,HBA-M、HBA-H组的SOD活力均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。分析三组给药组中CAT活力发现,HBA-L、HBA-M组相较于Model组具有显著性差异(P<0.05),HBA-H组具有极其显著性差异(P<0.001),结果表明给药HBA可抑制CCl4诱导ALI小鼠血清中AST、ALT活力升高,能够起到一定护肝作用,同时HBA能升高肝脏中SOD、CAT活力并降低MDA含量,表明HBA对ALI具有抗氧化活性。
肝损伤的过程诱导TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6等促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的释放,诱发炎症反应。如图3(A)~图3(C) ELISA结果分析所示,经CCl4腹腔注射处理后,与Control组相比,Model组血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6三种炎症因子的含量升高且均具有极其显著性(P<0.0001)。与Model组相比,三组给药处理组的炎症因子剂量呈现依赖性,其中HBA-H均降低TNF-α(P<0.0001)、IL-1β(P<0.001)、IL-6(P<0.001)的水平。血液是全身循环体液,血清中炎症因子水平可直接体现炎症反应的强弱,结果表明HBA处理可剂量依赖性降低ALI小鼠炎症因子水平。如图3(D)~图3(F)所示,相较于Model组,在三个剂量给药组中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的相对表达量均降低,炎症因子mRNA表达和ELISA结果分析具有相同趋势。结果证实,Model组诱导肝脏炎症因子mRNA的高表达,而HBA的干预可有效抑制这一现象,表明HBA具有抗炎潜力。
如图4(A)~图4(D)所示,与Control组相比,Model组中TNF-α、IL-1β以及IL-6的蛋白质表达水平极其显著提高(P<0.0001)。HBA给药组中肝脏的TNF-α和IL-1β以及IL-6的蛋白质表达量降低。其中TNF-α、IL-1β的表达在三组给药中呈剂量依赖性降低,HBA-H组中TNF-α、IL-1β的表达相比于Model组极其显著下降(P<0.0001);IL-6在三个给药组的表达中,HBA-M组表达量最低(P<0.001),表明该剂量下保护效果最明显。实验表明,CCl4诱导ALI引发的炎症反应可被HBA有效抑制。其中,HBA抑制TNF-α和IL-1β的蛋白表达呈现出剂量依赖性,通过抗炎功能发挥保肝作用。
根据实验结果确定HBA对CCl4诱导的ALI小鼠的肝保护效果具有剂量依赖性,HBA-H给药组的保护效果最佳,则选取Control组、Model组和HBA-H组的小鼠盲肠内容物为实验对象确定HBA对ALI小鼠肠道菌群的影响。
Alpha多样性是反映物种丰富度和均匀度的综合指标,如图5(A)~图5(D)所示,相较于Control组,Model组中Pielou_e指数具有显著性差异(P<0.05),Observed_features指数差异极其显著(P<0.001)以及Chao1指数具有极其显著性差异(P<0.0001),ALI小鼠肠道内的微生物丰富度被破坏,致使菌群失调。HBA-H组小鼠肠道微生物群落的丰富度和多样性变化及均匀度均有所升高。由图5(E)可知物种多样性曲线趋于平缓且检测覆盖率接近饱和,当前测序深度已覆盖绝大部分物种。由图5(F)可知,在分析初期,新物种的发现频率显著提升,物种总数呈现快速上升趋势;当样本量积累至一定阈值后物种增长速率明显减缓,曲线逐渐趋于平缓并进入平台期。当前样本量已足以覆盖肠道菌群的主要物种组成,能够较为全面地反映其物种丰富度。
β多样性分析用来评估微生物群落间的差异,如图5(G)所示,Model组的物种多样性与Control组和HBA-H组不同。通过β多样性主坐标分析(PCoA和NMDS)评估微生物群落之间的相似性。如图5(H)~图5(I)所示,与Model相比,HBA-H组均沿第一主坐标向正常组偏移,表明HBA可改善肠道菌群结构。以上结果表明,ALI会从丰富度、均匀度以及群落结构上引发菌群失调;而HBA-H组既能提升菌群的丰富度与多样性,又能改善菌群群落结构偏差,对ALI引起的肠道菌群失调具有明确的改善作用,同时本次实验的测序深度与样本量均满足可靠性要求。
对实验组进行Venn分析,如图6(A)发现3个组共有的ASV有523个,而HBA-H组有811个。F/B值是指厚壁菌门Firmicutes与拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes的相对丰度比值,是评价菌群结构特征的常用指标,如图6(B)所示,与ALI Model组相比,HBA-H组可显著降低小鼠肠道菌群中的F/B值(P<0.05)。如图6(C)所示,Tax4Fun分析显示,Model组肠道菌群的分泌系统功能、丙酮酸代谢过程、染色体及相关蛋白质功能均有所增强,而HBA-H组则呈现下降趋势。与之相反,Model组在氨基酸相关酶、核糖体、DNA复制蛋白等功能方面显著降低,而HBA-H组的这些功能均得到改善。HBA给药可以调节肝损伤小鼠肠道微生物群的组成和功能。为了确定三组肠道微生物群的具体差异,使用线性判别分析(Linear Discriminant Analysis,LDA)效应大小(Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size,LEfSe)进行分析。如图6(D)~图6(E)所示,HBA促进了小鼠肠道菌群中有益菌Alistipes菌属的增殖,降低了有害菌Helicobacter菌属的定植。LEfSe分析筛选表明HBA干预后特异性改变特定微生物的丰度,为预防ALI提供潜在的研究方向。以上结果表明HBA在物种丰富度、菌群结构、功能分析以及特定菌属上均能有效改善ALI小鼠的肠道菌群失衡。证实了HBA的调节作用,也为ALI的预防提供了明确的微生物靶点和功能调控方向,具有潜在应用价值。
有研究表明天麻在肝损伤干预中具有明确研究价值,主要通过抗炎或抗氧化发挥作用[22−25],而HBA为天麻中的活性成分,本实验围绕HBA对CCl4诱导ALI小鼠的保护作用及机制展开研究。有研究证实CCl4进入小鼠等动物体内后,能够引发脂质过氧化反应和细胞膜通透性变化,进而导致ALT、AST等被释放到血液中,因此血清中ALT、AST活性高低可直接反映肝脏受损的程度[26−27],本实验中相较于Control组,Model组ALT、AST均具有极其显著性差异,表明小鼠ALI模型构建成功,HBA各剂量组相对于Model组小鼠血清中ALT、AST水平均降低呈剂量依赖性,其含量降低证实HBA可减轻CCl4所致的肝功能紊乱,具有肝保护功能。
氧化应激参与ALI及其他肝病的发生与发展,ALI发生会使肝细胞功能受损引发脂质过氧化,导致脂质过氧化产物MDA的大量产生继而引起肝细胞大量肿胀变性、坏死等,CAT和SOD是机体内重要的抗氧化应激酶,其中SOD可将自由基转化为过氧化氢,CAT将其进一步分解,共同减少脂质过氧化反应的发生[28]。由此可见,肝组织中SOD、CAT和MDA的水平,可反映肝脏脂质过氧化的程度以及抗氧化应激水平的高低,本实验中H&E染色结果显示Model组肝小叶附近肝细胞出现明显坏死,坏死区域可见大量炎性细胞浸润。同时研究结果表明HBA可下调MDA水平,显著升高SOD、CAT活性,肝组织炎性细胞浸润和坏死程度明显减轻。CCl4引发的ALI会激活Kupffer细胞及其他免疫细胞,继而大量释放TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等多种促炎因子,直接导致肝组织受损[29]。而在本研究结果中Model组血清以及肝组织中的TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的水平明显增高,而HBA给药组均能降低TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量及表达水平,表明HBA可通过抑制炎症反应减轻肝脏损伤。综上分析可见,HBA对CCl4诱导ALI小鼠的保护作用,主要通过增强抗氧化酶活性以降低氧化应激损伤并且抑制促炎因子释放以减轻肝脏炎症浸润来实现;表明HBA主要通过抗氧化以及抗炎进而发挥肝保护作用,为后续深入探索HBA调控抗氧化、抗炎通路的具体靶点奠定了基础。
大量研究证实,急性肝损伤与肠道菌群失调具有密切相关性,由于肝脏能够通过门静脉循环直接接触到肠道微生物产物,其功能状态易被肠道微生物群变化调控[30−31]。在CCl4诱导的小鼠肝纤维化模型中,CCl4会扰乱肠道细菌群落结构,损伤肠黏膜屏障,使有害物质进入肝脏,加剧肝脏疾病的发生与发展[32]。本研究结果与该结论相似,CCl4诱导后Model组小鼠肠道菌群的物种丰度显著改变,其肠道屏障功能可能已受损,而HBA干预能有效逆转物种丰度降低的趋势,通过降低F/B值改善菌群结构,证实HBA可通过改善CCl4导致的肠道菌群失衡,进而对肝脏提供保护作用。前期已有研究表明,天麻加工产品可改善肠道菌群丰度,将加热回流鲜天麻获取的滤液进行浓缩获取的天麻提取物,可显著提高小鼠肠道菌的益生菌属如Butyricicoccus、Parvibacter的丰度以及降低致病菌和条件致病菌属如Escherichia/Shigella,Parasutterella进而实现对肠道菌群的有效调节[33],这与本研究中HBA对肠道菌群的“增益生菌、减致病菌”的调控效应逻辑一致,HBA可有效改善CCl4诱导的肠道菌群物种丰度降低,在属水平重塑菌群结构,促进有益菌Alistipes增殖、减少有害菌Helicobacter定植。益生菌或活性成分的肠道菌群调节作用,已成为改善肝损伤的重要方向。无论是活性成分灵芝多糖β-葡聚糖[34]还是复合益生菌[35],均能够通过改善肠道菌群结构与组成,减轻肝脏损伤。复合益生菌能激活肝细胞抗氧化通路和抑制促炎通路,减少促炎因子释放及肝细胞凋亡。灵芝多糖通过对肠道菌群代谢产物如丙酸、脂类分子的调节进一步参与氨基酸、脂质代谢稳态进而缓解ALI。同时Alistipes属细菌对肝纤维化、结肠炎、心血管疾病等具有保护作用,而肠道菌群失调是影响Alistipes丰度变化的关键因素[36]。而在本研究中HBA可促进有益菌Alistipes的增殖,对肠道菌群的调节效应与灵芝多糖、复合益生菌具有相似性,由此推测,HBA对CCl4诱导的ALI的保护作用,可能是通过富集Alistipes这类具有肝脏保护潜力的特定菌群来实现的。目前已知HBA可改善肠道菌群并保护肝脏免受损伤,但与灵芝多糖、复合益生菌的具体机制相比,HBA是否通过调控抗氧化通路、抑制促炎通路,或通过影响肠道菌群代谢产物发挥抗ALI的肝保护作用具体机制尚未得到明确验证。因此,后续可对ALI有影响的关键菌或其关键代谢产物以及相关靶点进行进一步研究。
综上所述,HBA对CCl4诱导的ALI小鼠具有有效保护作用,改善ALI小鼠肠道微生物的丰度和菌群结构,完善HBA和调节肠道菌群以及肝脏保护功能的联系,为HBA的护肝作用及具有肠道健康促进功能的相关机制深化研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。但本研究中对HBA发挥肝保护作用并调节肠道菌群的具体分子机制尚不明确,可能通过调控抗氧化通路、抑制促炎通路,或是通过影响肠道微生物的菌群丰度来发挥作用;同时目前尚未证实HBA富集的Alistipes属中,哪些具体物种具有肝保护作用以及是否存在潜在致病性风险。后续研究中将结合转录组、代谢组技术,分析HBA调控肠道菌群与肝保护的相关信号通路并针对Alistipes菌属的特定物种,通过粪菌移植等实验,验证其对ALI的直接保护作用。HBA作为中药天麻的活性成分,在改善肠道菌群及预防化学性肝损伤方面具备良好的研究价值与应用前景。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080150
  • 接收时间:2025-08-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-13
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    1长春工业大学化学与生命科学学院,吉林长春 130012
    2吉林工程技术师范学院生物与食品工程学院,吉林长春 130052
    3吉林大学第三医院消化内科,吉林长春 130031

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李皓(1967−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:分子营养,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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