Article(id=1320880315392963539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080120, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755014400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852007959, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852007959, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852007959, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852007959, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=465, endPage=473, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880315623650260, articleId=1320880315392963539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals the Effects of Lactobacillus gasseri TF08-1 on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats, columnId=1320880301220410188, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Food Nutrition and Health Benefits, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus gasseri TF08-1 and its potential mechanisms. An obesity rat model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) and administered a suspension of L. gasseri TF08-1 (1×105 CFU/d) via oral gavage for five weeks. The therapeutic efficacy were systematically evaluated by monitoring body weight, food efficiency ratio, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes in the liver and adipose tissues. Meanwhile, metagenomic sequencing and targeted metabolomic analysis were employed to investigate alterations in the gut microbiota and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile. The results showed that, compared to the HFD group, TF08-1 intervention significantly suppressed body weight gain (P<0.01), reduced the food efficiency ratio (P<0.001), and alleviated hepatic steatosis and hypertrophy of epididymal adipocytes. It also improved the lipid profile by decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, P<0.001), triglyceride (TG, P<0.001), total cholesterol (TC, P<0.001) and free fatty acid (FFA, P<0.05). Moreover, TF08-1 intervention significantly mitigated obesity-associated systemic inflammation, reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (P<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (P<0.001), while increasing the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P<0.05). Metagenomic and targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that TF08-1 effectively modulated the HFD-induced structural dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, improved metabolic pathway disturbances related to bile acids, vitamins, and inositol, and restored intestinal SCFA levels. These findings suggest that L. gasseri TF08-1 can markedly improve HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders through effective microbiome modulation, demonstrating its considerable potential as a probiotic candidate for weight management.

, authors=Qiang LUO, Yanhong LIU, Zhihui MA, Benliang WEI, Xiaowei XU, Haifeng ZHANG, Yiyi ZHONG*, authorsList=Qiang LUO, Yanhong LIU, Zhihui MA, Benliang WEI, Xiaowei XU, Haifeng ZHANG, Yiyi ZHONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yiyi ZHONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880317162959843, articleId=1320880315392963539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于宏基因组测序探究格氏乳杆菌TF08-1对肥胖症大鼠脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响, columnId=1320880301400765262, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=食品营养与健康功效, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究格氏乳杆菌TF08-1(Lactobacillus gasseri TF08-1)对肥胖症的干预效果及其潜在作用机制,本研究采用高脂饮食构建肥胖大鼠模型,使用TF08-1菌悬液(1×105 CFU/d)灌胃干预5周。通过测定体重、食物利用率、血清生化指标、肝脏及脂肪组织病理学变化,系统性评估干预效果,同时运用宏基因组测序与靶向代谢分析技术,探究肠道菌群及短链脂肪酸的改变。结果显示,与高脂饮食组相比,TF08-1干预显著抑制了大鼠的体重增长(P<0.01),降低了食物利用率(P<0.001),改善了肝脏脂肪变性与附睾脂肪细胞肥大,同时显著降低了血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯(P<0.001)、总胆固醇(P<0.001)及游离脂肪酸水平(P<0.05),此外,TF08-1的干预显著缓解了肥胖伴随的机体炎症状态,降低了促炎因子脂多糖(P<0.001)、C反应蛋白(P<0.001)和肿瘤坏死因子α水平(P<0.001),同时提升了抗炎因子白介素-10水平(P<0.05)。宏基因组与靶向代谢组分析显示,TF08-1干预有效调节了高脂饮食导致的肠道菌群结构失衡,改善了胆汁酸、维生素及肌醇等代谢通路紊乱,同时恢复了肠道内短链脂肪酸水平。研究结果提示,格氏乳杆菌TF08-1能通过调节肠道菌群有效改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症状及相关代谢紊乱,显示出该菌株在体重管理领域作为候选益生菌的巨大潜力。

, authors=罗强, 刘艳红, 马志辉, 魏本良, 胥晓薇, 张海峰, 钟一祎*, authorsList=罗强, 刘艳红, 马志辉, 魏本良, 胥晓薇, 张海峰, 钟一祎, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=钟一祎, authorNote=

罗强(1995−),男,硕士,研究方向:功能性益生菌资源开发与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
钟一祎(1992−),女,博士,研究方向:微生物应用与功能基因组学,E-mail:。
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Aromatic amino acids promote lipid metabolism disorders by increasing hepatic bile acid synthesis[J]. The Journal of Nutrition, 2024, 154(4): 1321−1332., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880317381063652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880317389452261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, companyId=1320880317381063652, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=BGI Precision Nutrition (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880317397840870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, companyId=1320880317381063652, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华大精准营养(深圳)科技有限公司,广东深圳 518000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880321340485651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of TF08 on body weight, food intake, weight gain and food utilization efficiency in obese rat models, figureFileSmall=HojVpqvkCWaplbh5zo3ScA==, figureFileBig=VUqbN74cxbpe6HL1qDUlxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880321424371732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=CN, label=图1, caption=TF08-1对肥胖大鼠模型体重、食物摄入量、体重增加量及食物利用率的影响

注:A体重;B食物摄入量;C体重增加量;D食物利用率;与HFD组相比,*代表P<0.05,**代表P<0.01,***代表P<0.001,图2同。

, figureFileSmall=HojVpqvkCWaplbh5zo3ScA==, figureFileBig=VUqbN74cxbpe6HL1qDUlxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880321638281237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of TF08-1 on blood lipid level and adipose tissue in obese rat model, figureFileSmall=SwfMRhxPLgP5VbBRSfnpKg==, figureFileBig=C0Ayt1pF8CACsBrd2R8WJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880321705390102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=CN, label=图2, caption=TF08-1对肥胖大鼠模型血脂水平及脂肪组织的影响

注:A高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;B低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;C甘油三酯;D总胆固醇;E游离脂肪酸;F瘦素;G附睾脂肪组织HE染色(100×)。

, figureFileSmall=SwfMRhxPLgP5VbBRSfnpKg==, figureFileBig=C0Ayt1pF8CACsBrd2R8WJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880323374723095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of TF08-1 on inflammatory markers in obese rat model, figureFileSmall=qOP0pa4ARlXdLHNQDWWm8g==, figureFileBig=2JfvkpeN1PW5Su+N9bBORw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880323479580696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=CN, label=图3, caption=TF08-1对肥胖大鼠炎症标志物水平的影响

注:A为脂多糖;B为C反应蛋白;C为肿瘤坏死因子-α;D为白细胞介素-10。

, figureFileSmall=qOP0pa4ARlXdLHNQDWWm8g==, figureFileBig=2JfvkpeN1PW5Su+N9bBORw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880323550883865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of TF08-1 on liver injury in obese rat model, figureFileSmall=SELRuxUFyl/GHKQdnCinsA==, figureFileBig=fMYIO/o9GfxY8cvkKij+lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880323617992730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=CN, label=图4, caption=TF08-1对肥胖大鼠模型肝损伤的影响

注:A肝脏组织HE染色(200×);B肝脏组织ORO染色(200×)。

, figureFileSmall=SELRuxUFyl/GHKQdnCinsA==, figureFileBig=fMYIO/o9GfxY8cvkKij+lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880323689295899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of TF08-1 on gut microbiota composition in obese rat model, figureFileSmall=1DTopDfZ2y3PEKRpPVioZQ==, figureFileBig=rcYB4DPYak6I3l+rwIMQ0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880323752210460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=CN, label=图5, caption=TF08-1对肥胖大鼠模型肠道菌群结构的影响

注:A香农指数;B主坐标分析;C基于Bray-Curtis距离的菌群结构差异;D差异菌种相对丰度。

, figureFileSmall=1DTopDfZ2y3PEKRpPVioZQ==, figureFileBig=rcYB4DPYak6I3l+rwIMQ0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880323823513629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of TF08-1 on intestinal short chain fatty acid levels in obese rat model, figureFileSmall=2yiy4ZT9n/vMuAB+tnP5+Q==, figureFileBig=5WpORKOfff0Olnoh+RoBzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880323890622494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=CN, label=图6, caption=TF08-1对肥胖大鼠模型肠道短链脂肪酸水平的影响

注:A短链脂肪酸偏最小二乘判别分析得分;B盲肠短链脂肪酸水平;C短链脂肪酸与生理指标相关性。

, figureFileSmall=2yiy4ZT9n/vMuAB+tnP5+Q==, figureFileBig=5WpORKOfff0Olnoh+RoBzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880323949342751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Metabolic function of gut microbiota and regulatory network analysis of bile acid, figureFileSmall=LKIUPLE5lqxTz+TRM7biWQ==, figureFileBig=CSlrKVLa2M3oNOar7t5NoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880324024840224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880315392963539, language=CN, label=图7, caption=肠道菌群代谢功能与胆汁酸代谢调控网络分析

注:A肠道菌群功能通路丰度差异;B胆汁酸相对丰度;C胆汁酸与生理指标相关性。

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基于宏基因组测序探究格氏乳杆菌TF08-1对肥胖症大鼠脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响
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罗强 , 刘艳红 , 马志辉 , 魏本良 , 胥晓薇 , 张海峰 , 钟一祎 *
食品工业科技 | 食品营养与健康功效 2026,47(18): 465-473
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食品工业科技 |食品营养与健康功效 2026 , 47 (18) : 465 -473
基于宏基因组测序探究格氏乳杆菌TF08-1对肥胖症大鼠脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响
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罗强 , 刘艳红, 马志辉, 魏本良, 胥晓薇, 张海峰, 钟一祎*
作者信息
  • 华大精准营养(深圳)科技有限公司,广东深圳 518000
通讯作者:
钟一祎(1992−),女,博士,研究方向:微生物应用与功能基因组学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

罗强(1995−),男,硕士,研究方向:功能性益生菌资源开发与利用,E-mail:

Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals the Effects of Lactobacillus gasseri TF08-1 on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats
Qiang LUO , Yanhong LIU, Zhihui MA, Benliang WEI, Xiaowei XU, Haifeng ZHANG, Yiyi ZHONG*
Affiliations
  • BGI Precision Nutrition (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080120
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为探究格氏乳杆菌TF08-1(Lactobacillus gasseri TF08-1)对肥胖症的干预效果及其潜在作用机制,本研究采用高脂饮食构建肥胖大鼠模型,使用TF08-1菌悬液(1×105 CFU/d)灌胃干预5周。通过测定体重、食物利用率、血清生化指标、肝脏及脂肪组织病理学变化,系统性评估干预效果,同时运用宏基因组测序与靶向代谢分析技术,探究肠道菌群及短链脂肪酸的改变。结果显示,与高脂饮食组相比,TF08-1干预显著抑制了大鼠的体重增长(P<0.01),降低了食物利用率(P<0.001),改善了肝脏脂肪变性与附睾脂肪细胞肥大,同时显著降低了血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯(P<0.001)、总胆固醇(P<0.001)及游离脂肪酸水平(P<0.05),此外,TF08-1的干预显著缓解了肥胖伴随的机体炎症状态,降低了促炎因子脂多糖(P<0.001)、C反应蛋白(P<0.001)和肿瘤坏死因子α水平(P<0.001),同时提升了抗炎因子白介素-10水平(P<0.05)。宏基因组与靶向代谢组分析显示,TF08-1干预有效调节了高脂饮食导致的肠道菌群结构失衡,改善了胆汁酸、维生素及肌醇等代谢通路紊乱,同时恢复了肠道内短链脂肪酸水平。研究结果提示,格氏乳杆菌TF08-1能通过调节肠道菌群有效改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症状及相关代谢紊乱,显示出该菌株在体重管理领域作为候选益生菌的巨大潜力。

肥胖  /  高脂饮食  /  格氏乳杆菌  /  肠道菌群  /  短链脂肪酸

This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus gasseri TF08-1 and its potential mechanisms. An obesity rat model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) and administered a suspension of L. gasseri TF08-1 (1×105 CFU/d) via oral gavage for five weeks. The therapeutic efficacy were systematically evaluated by monitoring body weight, food efficiency ratio, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes in the liver and adipose tissues. Meanwhile, metagenomic sequencing and targeted metabolomic analysis were employed to investigate alterations in the gut microbiota and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile. The results showed that, compared to the HFD group, TF08-1 intervention significantly suppressed body weight gain (P<0.01), reduced the food efficiency ratio (P<0.001), and alleviated hepatic steatosis and hypertrophy of epididymal adipocytes. It also improved the lipid profile by decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, P<0.001), triglyceride (TG, P<0.001), total cholesterol (TC, P<0.001) and free fatty acid (FFA, P<0.05). Moreover, TF08-1 intervention significantly mitigated obesity-associated systemic inflammation, reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (P<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (P<0.001), while increasing the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P<0.05). Metagenomic and targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that TF08-1 effectively modulated the HFD-induced structural dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, improved metabolic pathway disturbances related to bile acids, vitamins, and inositol, and restored intestinal SCFA levels. These findings suggest that L. gasseri TF08-1 can markedly improve HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders through effective microbiome modulation, demonstrating its considerable potential as a probiotic candidate for weight management.

obesity  /  high-fat diet  /  Lactobacillus gasseri  /  gut microbiota  /  short chain fatty acids
罗强, 刘艳红, 马志辉, 魏本良, 胥晓薇, 张海峰, 钟一祎. 基于宏基因组测序探究格氏乳杆菌TF08-1对肥胖症大鼠脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 465 -473 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080120
Qiang LUO, Yanhong LIU, Zhihui MA, Benliang WEI, Xiaowei XU, Haifeng ZHANG, Yiyi ZHONG. Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals the Effects of Lactobacillus gasseri TF08-1 on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 465 -473 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080120
肥胖是以体脂异常堆积为特征的慢性代谢性疾病[1],根据世界肥胖联盟(World Obesity Federation,WFO)预测,至2035年全球超重/肥胖人口将突破40亿,占全球总成年人口的54%[2]。这一流行病学趋势与高脂高糖饮食、久坐生活方式及城市化进程密切相关[3]。肥胖的病理危害远超出体脂异常本身,其通过慢性低度炎症、胰岛素抵抗及代谢重编程等多重机制,成为心血管疾病(Cardiovascular Disease,CVD)、2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM)、非酒精性脂肪肝病(Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,NAFLD)及多种癌症的核心诱因[4]。当前肥胖管理策略主要包括生活方式干预、饮食干预、药物疗法及代谢手术等,然而这些方法大多效果有限,且存在不同程度副作用。因此,开发基于病理生理机制的新型治疗策略显得尤为重要。
近年来,肠道菌群与宿主代谢的互作机制研究为肥胖治疗提供了新视角。肠道菌群宏基因组关联分析表明,肥胖个体普遍存在厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)/拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)比值升高及有益菌如乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)丰度降低的特征性菌群失调问题[5]。而益生菌这类足量摄入可赋予宿主健康益处的活性微生物,可通过重塑肠道微生态有效干预肥胖,目前相关研究已取得突破性进展:补充特定的益生菌株能够靶向调节失衡的肠道微生态,通过重塑肠道菌群结构恢复微生态平衡,并进一步调节菌群的整体代谢功能[6]。在调控宿主代谢方面,益生菌可通过影响胆汁酸代谢[7]以及调节肝脏和脂肪组织中与脂质合成与分解相关的关键基因(如SREBP-1c、FXR)表达[8],来促进脂质分解、重建能量平衡。同时,益生菌还能通过促进肠道紧密连接蛋白的表达来强化肠道屏障功能,减少肠道内毒素进入血液引发的慢性低度炎症,从而改善高脂饮食诱导的机体低度炎症[9]。此外,益生菌代谢产生的短链脂肪酸也能够作为信号分子激活G蛋白偶联受体,调节GLP-1、PYY等肠道激素的分泌,达到调节脂肪代谢和炎症反应的有益功效[10]。
而在众多益生菌中,格氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)因其显著的降脂减肥效果备受关注。OGAWA等[11]的研究发现,L. gasseri SBT2055可通过抑制胰脂肪酶活性,达到减少膳食脂肪吸收的功效。de MOURA等[12]的研究揭示了L.gasseri LG-G12可通过调节肠道菌群,改善短链脂肪酸水平进而改善肥胖。此外,其他菌株如L. gasseri BNR17也能够调控脂肪酸氧化基因、改善肥胖所致代谢紊乱[13]。这些研究显示出格氏乳杆菌在改善脂质代谢方面的巨大应用前景。然而,益生菌功能存在菌株特异性,不同菌株功能基因组的异质性导致其代谢调控、宿主互作等核心生物学特性存在显著差异[14],筛选优良菌株也成为益生菌在肥胖干预应用中的关键挑战。通过多组学评估及体内外实验验证的筛选验证体系,系统揭示特定益生菌株在改善脂质代谢方面的作用靶点与干预机制,是确保其发挥益生功效的重要依据。
格氏乳杆菌TF08-1是一株分离自健康女性肠道样本的益生菌株,基于全基因组测序研究已证实TF08-1基因组携带多种与胃肠道耐受、肠道黏附、细菌素合成以及胆盐水解酶合成(Bile Salt Hydrolase,BSH)相关编码基因。同时在体外研究中,TF08-1无明显抗生素抗性,且不产生生物胺等有害物质,并表现出优异的胃肠道环境耐受能力及胆固醇降解活性[15]。为进一步验证其体内益生特性,本研究拟通过构建以高脂饮食(High-Fat Diet,HFD)诱导的肥胖大鼠模型,系统评价TF08-1菌株对体重调节、脂代谢稳态及相关器官病理的影响,并通过整合肠道宏基因组及代谢组分析,探究TF08-1在体重管理中的作用机制。研究结果将为开发精准靶向的益生菌抗肥胖制剂提供理论支撑,并为益生菌资源的产业化应用奠定基础。
格氏乳杆菌TF08-1(Lactobacillus gasseri TF08-1) 分离自健康女性志愿者粪便样品,保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center,GDMCC),保藏编号为GDMCC 60092;18只SPF级雄性SD大鼠 斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司(动物许可证号:SCXK(京)2024-0001),饲养于SPF级屏障环境,自由采食及饮水,环境温度为23±2 ℃,湿度为55%±5%。动物试验所使用的维持饲料构成参照《GB 14924.3-2010实验动物 配合饲料营养成分》规定,其热量值为3.87 kcal/g;高脂饮食饲料在57.6%维持饲料的基础上,添加20.0%蔗糖、15.0%猪油,5%酪蛋白、1.2%胆固醇、0.6%磷酸氢钙、0.4%石粉以及0.2%胆酸钠,其热量值为4.69 kcal/g;MRS液体培养基 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol,LDL-C)、总胆固醇(Total Cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)检测试剂盒 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司;瘦素(Leptin,LEP)、脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、游离脂肪酸(Free Fatty Acid,FFA)检测试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司;乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、己酸 色谱纯,Sigma-Aldrich公司。
5910型高速离心机 德国艾本德股份公司;YXQ-LS-50KG型高压蒸汽灭菌锅 上海博迅医疗生物仪器股份有限公司;YZJ-CJ-2D型超净工作台 深圳市优之净环境科技有限公司;‌PHS-3C精密型pH计 上海仪电科学仪器股份公司;1150型生物组织包埋机及CV5030染色盖片工作站 徕卡显微系统有限公司;Ni-U正置显微镜 尼康株式会社;Trace 1310型气相色谱仪、ISQ LT型质谱仪、Varioskan多功能酶标仪 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;DNBSEQ-T5基因测序仪 深圳华大基因科技有限公司。
取TF08-1菌液冻存管,于37 ℃水浴快速解冻,以2%接种量接入10 mL灭菌MRS液体培养基,37 ℃厌氧培养18 h。根据后续试验要求,使用无菌磷酸盐缓冲液(Phosphate Buffered Saline,PBS)调整至特定浓度,得到菌悬液备用。
动物实验经华大科技伦理委员会批准(伦理批准号:BGI-IRB A24019)。所有大鼠经适应1周后,按照体重随机平均分为3组:正常对照组(NC)、模型对照组(HFD)、TF08-1干预组(TF08-1),每组6只大鼠。除NC组大鼠给予维持饲料外,剩余组别大鼠均给予高脂饲料。NC组及HFD组大鼠每日灌胃1 mL无菌PBS溶液,TF08-1组大鼠每日灌胃1 mL浓度为1×105 CFU/mL的TF08-1菌悬液。干预持续5周,每周记录给食量、撒食量、剩食量,称量体重1次。完成干预后,使用1%戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠并实施腹主动脉采血,随后使用颈椎脱臼法处死。大鼠经解剖后取附睾脂肪及肝脏进行组织病理学分析,并取盲肠内容物进行多组学检测分析。
根据采食量及体重数据,按照以下公式进行食物利用率(Food Efficiency Ratio,FER)计算。
$\rm \mathrm{FER} (\text{%}) =\frac{{\mathrm{W}}_{2}-{\mathrm{W}}_{1}}{\mathrm{F}}\times 100 $
式中:FER表示食物利用率,%;W2表示大鼠终体重,g;W1表示大鼠初始体重,g;F表示总食物摄入量,g。
大鼠经腹主动脉获取全血后,室温静置30 min,3000 r/min离心10 min分离得到血清。按照试剂盒使用说明书,测定大鼠血清中HDL-C、LDL-C、TC、TG、LEP、LPS、CRP、TNF-α、IL-10、FFA水平。
肝脏左叶组织经石蜡切片或冰冻切片后,进行苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin-Eosin,HE)染色及油红O(Oil Red O,ORO)染色,附睾脂肪组织经石蜡切片后进行HE染色。所有染色后的组织切片均在光学显微镜下观察,并记录组织结构特征。
取肠道内容物样本,参照LI等[16]的研究方法,开展肠道微生物宏基因组测序。原始测序数据预处理通过fastp(v0.20.1)[17]完成,参数设置为:--length_required 70,--adapter_sequence AAGTCGGAGGCCAAGCGGTCTTAGGAAGACAA,--adapter_sequence_r2 AAGTCGGATCGTAGCCATGTCGTTCTGTGAGCCAAGGAGTTG。采用bowtie2(v2.4.2)[18]将过滤后的序列与大鼠基因组(GRCr8)进行比对(参数:--end-to-end --very-sensitive),并通过seqtk(v1.3)[19]剔除与宿主基因组匹配的序列。通过HUMAnN3(v3.0.0)获得物种分类信息和MetaCyc代谢通路信息。基于HUMAnN3(v3.0.0)[20]获取的基因家族,采用MelonnPan工具包(v0.99.0,R4.0.0)预测肠道代谢物组成。差异分析采用MaAsLin2(v1.8.0),参数设置为标准化方法TSS、不进行数据转换、最小检出率0.1。α多样性(Shannon指数)和β多样性(基于Bray-Curtis距离的PCoA分析)通过phyloseq包(v1.44.0)计算,组间差异通过vegan包(v2.6.8)进行PERMANOVA检验(置换次数999次)。组间α多样性比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。相关性分析通过Hmisc包(v5.1.3)完成,P值经Benjamini-Hochberg法校正。所有可视化分析均基于ggplot2(v3.5.2)包实现[21]。
取肠道内容物样本,参照ZHANG等[22]的研究方法,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)检测法,开展短链脂肪酸(Short Chain Fatty Acids,SCFAs)水平测定。色谱条件:Agilent HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm ID×0.25 μm),采用分流进样,进样量1 μL,分流比10:1,进样口温度250 ℃,离子源温度300 ℃,传输线温度250 ℃。程序升温起始温度90 ℃,然后以10 ℃/min升温至120 ℃:再以5 ℃/min升温至150 ℃,最后以25 ℃/min升温至250 ℃维持2 min。载气为氦气,载气流速1.0 mL/min。质谱条件:采用电子轰击电离(EI)源,SIM扫描方式,电子能量设定为70 eV。原始质谱数据经Proteowizard软件(v3.0.8789)转换为.mzML格式。预处理阶段通过自适换算(Autoscaling)对代谢物浓度进行标准化处理,并剔除样本间缺失率超过50%的代谢物。基于R语言ropls包(v1.36.0)进行偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA),以解析组内与组间SCFAs代谢差异。任意两组间差异显著性通过韦尔奇t检验(Welch's t-test)评估,并采用Benjamini-Hochberg法校正多重假设检验,FDR≤0.05且VIP≥1的代谢物被判定为具有统计学意义。
试验数据以平均值±标准差(Mean±SD)表示,采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),及Tukey’s多重比较检验进行组间比较,使用Graphpad prism(version 9.5)软件进行图表绘制,P<0.05被认为具有统计学差异。
如图1所示,在摄食量方面,各组间未呈现统计学差异(P>0.05),表明高脂饮食及补充益生菌TF08-1不会影响大鼠的基础摄食行为。在体重变化方面,与NC组相比,HFD组体重显著增长,其体重增量高达230.60±30.20 g(P<0.001),同时伴随食物利用率显著升高至20.25%±2.60%(P<0.001);而TF08-1干预组大鼠的体重增长受到显著抑制,经过5周干预后,该组体重增量仅为166.17±36.83 g,显著低于HFD组(P<0.01),其食物利用率亦显著降低至14.58%±2.14%(P<0.001)。上述结果表明益生菌TF08-1在不影响大鼠食欲的前提下,显著降低了食物利用率,并有效抑制了高脂饮食诱导的体重快速增长。
通过检测大鼠血脂水平、脂代谢相关激素水平,并结合附睾脂肪组织形态学分析,本研究综合评价了益生菌TF08-1对高脂饮食诱导脂代谢紊乱的改善作用。如图2A~图2E所示,与NC组相比,HFD组呈现明显血脂异常:血清HDL-C水平显著降低,同时LDL-C、TG、TC及FFA水平均显著升高。TF08-1干预后,上述异常指标得到有效逆转,LDL-C、TG、TC、FFA水平较HFD组分别下降43.12%、60.12%、41.77%和19.04%(P<0.05),而HDL-C水平则提升23.77%(P>0.05)。组织学分析显示,NC组附睾脂肪细胞呈均匀多边形态,细胞间质完整;HFD组则出现明显脂肪细胞肥大,表明高脂饮食诱导脂肪细胞肥大及脂质沉积(图2G)。经TF08-1干预后,脂肪细胞平均截面积较HFD组显著减小,细胞排列趋向于NC组的规整状态,脂肪分泌激素LEP水平也较HFD显著降低(图2F)。上述结果证实,TF08-1可通过影响脂代谢改善血脂水平、维持脂肪细胞正常形态及代谢水平,达到改善机体脂代谢紊乱的益生作用。
各组大鼠血清炎症标志物及细胞因子水平如图3A~图3D所示,与NC组相比,HFD组呈现炎症激活状态:血清炎症标志物LPS、CRP水平较NC组显著提升,伴随着促炎因子TNF-α水平上升及抗炎因子IL-10水平下降。使用TF08-1干预后,显著逆转了肥胖大鼠模型的炎症失衡,其中LPS、CRP水平分别降至29.88±5.93 EU/L(P<0.001)和2.82±0.86 μg/mL(P<0.001),同时TNF-α显著下调至889.60±147.84 ng/L(P<0.001),IL-10显著上调至343.07±144.72 ng/L(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,益生菌TF08-1能够有效改善高脂饮食引起的机体炎症反应。
肝脏组织病理学分析结果如图4A~图4B所示。相较于NC组肝细胞结构完整、无明显脂肪堆积,HFD组呈现典型脂肪肝病理特征:HE染色显示肝细胞排列紊乱,部分肝细胞体积增大,胞质内出现空泡化(气球样变);ORO染色呈现明显融合性红色脂滴,提示存在肝内脂质蓄积。值得注意的是,TF08-1干预组脂肪肝病理学特征显著改善,HE染色显示空泡化区域占比明显降低,肝组织结构趋于正常;ORO染色脂质沉积面积显著减少,肝细胞排列规整度得到有效改善。上述形态学改变说明TF08-1可通过促进脂质代谢,抑制肝细胞内脂滴形成,有效逆转高脂饮食诱导的肝脏脂肪变性。
为探索TF08-1对高脂饮食肥胖伴随的肠道菌群失调的影响,对各组大鼠肠道内容物进行宏基因组测序,结果见图5A~图5D。Shannon指数显示,高脂饮食及益生菌干预均未导致菌群多样性和丰富度的显著变化(图5A)。主坐标分析(PCoA)和置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)结果显示HFD组与NC组明显分离(FDR=0.01),说明高脂饮食改变了大鼠肠道菌群整体结构(图5B);而TF08-1干预组则更趋近NC组,与NC组间更小的Bray-Curtis距离(图5C)也印证TF08-1干预可显著逆转高脂饮食诱导的菌群结构变化,减少菌群异质性偏移。基于Masslin2分析,模型组中物种Frisingicoccus caecimuris、Massilistercora SGB71784、Phascolarctobacterium SGB4573、Bilophila wadsworthia、Clostridiales bacterium KLE1615较NC组显著升高(FDR≤0.05),补充益生菌TF08-1后,上述物种均呈现显著下降或者下降趋势(图5D);而在高脂饮食组有明显下降趋势的有益菌Lactobacillus johnsonii,经TF08-1干预后则呈现趋近于NC组的上升趋势(图5D)。综合上述结果,TF08-1能有效调节菌群丰度,恢复菌群平衡,帮助逆转高脂饮食导致的肠道菌群结构紊乱。
短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)是肠道菌群产生的重要有益代谢产物,在免疫调节、维持肠道健康以及代谢平衡方面具有关键作用。本实验采用GC-MS技术对大鼠肠道内容物中的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、己酸水平进行定量分析(图6)。PLS-DA分析(VIP>1.5,FDR≤0.05)显示(图6A),HFD组与NC组在得分图上明显分离,表明高脂饮食导致SCFAs代谢谱发生系统性改变。TF08-1组则位于PC1轴上HFD组与NC组之间,提示TF08-1干预在一定程度上抑制了SCFAs代谢谱的改变。在具体SCFAs种类方面(图6B),丙酸、丁酸、异戊酸和己酸在各组间呈现显著差异。与NC组相比(FDR<0.01且VIP≥1),HFD组的丁酸、己酸和异戊酸水平显著降低,而丙酸水平显著升高。TF08-1干预后有效逆转了HFD诱导的上述SCFAs变化,其水平与HFD组相比差异显著(FDR<0.01且VIP≥1)。这些结果表明,TF08-1干预有效调节了高脂饮食诱导的肠道SCFAs代谢紊乱。进一步对大鼠血清生化表型与SCFAs开展相关性分析(图6C),发现SCFAs与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、抗炎因子IL-10及食物利用率显著相关:LDL-C与异丁酸、己酸、戊酸、异戊酸呈显著负相关,而与乙酸呈正相关;丁酸和戊酸与食物利用率呈显著负相关;IL-10则与乙酸呈显著负相关。这些结果提示,多数SCFAs(除乙酸外)可能有利于能量转化与代谢调节,而乙酸则与机体炎症状态相关。
通过Masslin2对肠道菌群功能开展分析,肥胖大鼠模型肠道菌群的淀粉降解通路(PWY-6731)、芳香族氨基酸合成(COMPLETE-ARO-PWY、PWY-6284、PWY-5971、PWY-6285)、支链氨基酸合成(PWY-6630)、脂肪酸合成(PWY-6629)、维生素合成与降解(除PWY-7356)显著富集(图7A),提示高脂饮食提升了肠道菌群的淀粉降解能力,导致该通路终产物葡萄糖和葡萄糖-1-磷酸(G1P)增加,直接提升血糖及血脂水平。同时,肌醇降解通路(PWY-7237)、维生素L-抗坏血酸的降解(PWY0-301、PWY-6961)、维生素K2合成(PWY-5845、PWY-7992、PWY-5838、PWY-5840、PWY-5897、PWY-5899)、硫胺素合成(THISYN-PWY、PWY-6897、PWY-6895)也在HFD组显著增加(图7A)。而益生菌TF08-1的补充,显著抑制了淀粉的过度降解、维生素代谢失衡以及肌醇降解,同时芳香族氨基酸(Aromatic Amino Acid,AAA)、支链氨基酸(Branched Chain Amino Acid,BCAA)以及脂肪酸(Free Fatty Acid,FFA)合成均得到不同程度恢复。此外,本研究通过Melonnpan分析预测了胆汁酸在不同组别间的代谢差异,在HFD组中,初级胆汁酸鹅脱氧胆酸(Chenodeoxycholic acid,CDCA)、α-鼠胆酸(α-Muricholic acid,α-MCA)和次级胆汁酸7-酮脱氧胆酸(7-Ketodeoxycholic acid,7-KDCA)及牛磺酸(Taurine,TAU)代谢均存在不同程度降低(图7B),提示高脂饮食抑制了胆汁酸代谢;而TF08-1的补充有效提升了7-KDCA、α-MCA以及TAU代谢能力,即TF08-1可能促进了肠道菌群的胆汁酸代谢能力。进一步对胆汁酸代谢物与大鼠生化表型数据进行相关性分析发现,TG及TC与LDL-C呈显著正相关,而7-KDCA、α-MCA以及TAU与LDL-C则呈显著负相关,由于胆汁酸主要是胆固醇代谢产物,印证了胆汁酸代谢预测的合理性(图7C)。综合上述结果,高脂饮食诱导的肥胖可直接抑制肠道菌群中的胆汁酸代谢,影响血脂水平,补充益生菌TF08-1能够有效调节胆汁酸代谢,维持胆固醇平衡,从而改善血脂健康。
本研究探讨了格氏乳杆菌TF08-1对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症大鼠模型的改善效果及潜在机制。与模型组相比,TF08-1的干预显著抑制了大鼠的体重增长,且在不影响采食量的情况下降低了高脂饮食的能量转化率,说明TF08-1并非通过抑制食欲减少摄食量来实现减重,这与部分现有研究报道的益生菌对肥胖症的调节作用一致[23]。该机制避免了传统中枢性食欲抑制减肥药物(如利拉鲁肽、西布曲明)可能引发的摄食神经系统失调与潜在的情绪障碍风险,同时也减少了因食物摄入不足可能导致的营养失衡风险,在安全防治肥胖症方面具有重要的临床意义。
高脂饮食直接导致能量摄入与消耗失衡,进一步引起机体脂代谢紊乱,是肥胖及非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)等代谢疾病的重要诱因。具体来说,高脂饮食提升体脂使得脂肪组织分泌的瘦素水平上升,诱导机体出现瘦素抵抗(Leptin Resistance,LR)[24],抑制脂肪分解并引起脂肪在肝脏的异位沉积。而TF08-1干预可显著降低肥胖大鼠血清中的瘦素水平,降低血脂并有效遏止脂肪在肝脏部位的堆积,减少肝损伤,体现其能够通过调节代谢激素及优化能量代谢途径来达到机体代谢平衡。
在高脂饮食诱导的肥胖模型中,肠道菌群直接受到高脂饮食影响,而菌群结构与代谢功能异常变化又进一步加重了全身代谢紊乱。本研究中,肥胖大鼠肠道中Bilophila wadsworthia异常增殖,有研究报道该菌能够直接代谢消耗宿主牛磺酸,并降低法尼醇X受体(FXR)活性,导致胆固醇异常积累[25−26]。而TF08-1干预能一定程度降低B. wadsworthia丰度,且干预后TC、LDL-C也显著降低,这可能与B. wadsworthia丰度下调减少宿主牛磺酸消耗、激活FXR信号通路促进胆固醇代谢及LDL-C排出相关。此外,本研究发现肥胖大鼠肠道内容物的丁酸水平显著降低,而丙酸浓度显著增加,Tirosh等[27]的研究证实:过量丙酸盐摄入会提高提升胰岛素耐受性导致胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance,IR),从而增加肥胖风险。丁酸作为菌群有益代谢物已有诸多报道,在Hong等[28]的研究中发现,丁酸可通过抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)、提高脂联素受体(AdipoR)活性进而激活AMPK通路,促进脂肪酸氧化以及抑制脂质合成。本研究中,补充TF08-1能够显著降低肥胖大鼠肠道丙酸水平,同时提升丁酸水平,有效平衡肠道代谢谱,也进一步起到了调节能量代谢的益生作用。
肥胖的发生及发展,也常伴随以外周促炎细胞因子水平升高为特征的全身性低度炎症,菌群失衡参与了机体炎症的发生发展[29]。Jin等[30]的研究发现,常规减脂药物奥利司他虽能有效减重,但会引起菌群失衡的副作用,包括导致肠道菌群中变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)的过度增殖,而变形杆菌门的丰度升高通常与肠道炎症相关。本研究中,高脂饮食诱导了菌群失调,表现为变形杆菌门中B. wadsworthia等过度增殖。Natividad等[25]的研究表明,B. wadsworthia不仅是LPS的重要来源,该菌过度增殖伴随的产丁酸菌等有益菌丰度下降,又进一步加剧肠道屏障损伤。而TF08-1的补充降低了B. wadsworthia相对丰度,减少LPS生成,同时上调有益菌L. johnsonii等,有效维持了菌群平衡,且不会产生诸如奥利司他导致机体炎症的副作用。另一方面,丁酸能够有效降低肠道通透性,修复肠道屏障功能,抑制全身低度炎症[31−32],本研究中TF08-1干预能够直接增加肠道丁酸水平,抑制促炎因子TNF-α的释放,证实TF08-1在减脂减重的同时能够有效调节全身性炎症,助益代谢调节。
另外,本研究通过宏基因组测序分析还发现了其他可能影响机体脂代谢的代谢物质,高脂饮食诱导的肥胖模型中BCAA合成、AAA合成及肌醇降解显著增加。大人群研究发现,巨单胞菌属(Megamonas)可作为关键致胖菌,特异性表达肌醇降解基因iolG,破坏肠道肌醇稳态,直接增强肠道中脂质吸收[33],且BCAA和AAA均在肥胖人群富集[34],前期研究也证实低水平BCAA及AAA饮食能够显著降低体重改善肥胖[35−36]。本研究中,补充TF08-1能够减少肠道内BCAA、AAA合成,并抑制肌醇降解,也为TF08-1逆转肥胖所致代谢紊乱提供了证据。
综上,本研究通过构建高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症大鼠模型,证实格氏乳杆菌TF08-1能够通过重塑肠道菌群结构及其代谢产物,修复肠道屏障,抑制机体炎症,并协同调节代谢激素及优化能量代谢网络,从而达到拮抗高脂饮食诱导肥胖及其并发症的有益效果。这一发现不仅奠定了TF08-1作为体重管理功能膳食补充剂的理论基础,也为靶向肠道菌群防治代谢性疾病提供了可行的非药物干预策略。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080120
  • 接收时间:2025-08-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-13
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    华大精准营养(深圳)科技有限公司,广东深圳 518000

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钟一祎(1992−),女,博士,研究方向:微生物应用与功能基因组学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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