Article(id=1320880270316786510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070171, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752422400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792851997212, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792851997212, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792851997212, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792851997212, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=140, endPage=152, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880270530696015, articleId=1320880270316786510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Broccoli Powder on the Physicochemical Properties, Nutritional Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Unwashed Surimi from Litopenaeus vannamei, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To enrich the gel properties and enhance the nutritional profile of unwashed Litopenaeus vannamei surimi, this study integrated broccoli powder (BP) at varying concentrations (0, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) to create surimi gels. The impact of BP incorporation on the physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, and antioxidant activity of the surimi was thoroughly investigated. The results revealed a notable enhancement in the water-holding capacity, hardness, and gel strength of the surimi gels with increasing BP levels, reaching peak values at 10%. These improvements amounted to 54.4%, 149.22%, and 158.14%, respectively, compared to the control group. Sensory evaluation results indicated that the surimi gel with 6% BP achieved the highest overall sensory rating. Furthermore, the integration of BP notably improved short-term frozen storage stability of the surimi gels, as evidenced by a significantly smaller decrease in water-holding capacity and gel strength after frozen storage compared to the control group. Mechanistic analyses unveiled a significant increase in disulfide bond formation within the BP-added gels, a progressively denser microstructure, and a transformation in protein secondary structure from α-helix and random coil conformations to β-structure. Regarding nutritional enhancement, the addition of BP also led to significant increases in dietary fiber, vitamin C, and amino acid content, with a positive correlation observed with BP concentration. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the scavenging rates for DPPH, ·OH, and ABTS+ radicals peaked at 10% BP addition, showing increases of 83.23%, 36.02%, and 57.2%, respectively, over the control. In summary, incorporating broccoli powder into unwashed Litopenaeus vannamei surimi enhanced the gel properties while achieving a complementary reinforcement of plant and animal nutrients. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the value-added utilization of plant resources and the advancement of nutritionally balanced surimi products.

, authors=Mingwei XU1, 2, Zezheng ZENG1, 2, Lifeng ZHU1, 2, Yanghong CAO1, 2, Hongxiang YU1, 2, Cen QI1, 2, Qingliang DONG1, 2, *, authorsList=Mingwei XU, Zezheng ZENG, Lifeng ZHU, Yanghong CAO, Hongxiang YU, Cen QI, Qingliang DONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qingliang DONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880275068932973, articleId=1320880270316786510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=西兰花全粉对未漂洗南美白对虾糜理化性质、营养组成及抗氧化活性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为改善未漂洗南美白对虾糜凝胶特性并提升其营养价值,本实验将不同添加量(0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)的西兰花全粉(Broccoli Powder,BP)加入到虾糜中制成虾糜凝胶,研究其对虾糜理化性质、营养组成及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,随着BP的添加,虾糜凝胶的持水性、硬度、凝胶强度显著增强,并在10%添加量下达到最大值,较对照组分别提升了54.4%、149.22%、158.14%。感官评价结果显示,BP在6%添加量下,虾糜凝胶综合得分最高。此外,BP的添加显著改善了虾糜凝胶的短期冻藏稳定性,表现为冻藏后添加组的持水性和凝胶强度下降幅度明显低于对照组,且改善效果随添加量的增加愈加显著。机理研究表明,添加组虾糜凝胶的二硫键显著增加,微观结构逐渐致密、蛋白质二级结构发生转变,由α-螺旋及无规则卷曲结构向β结构转变。在营养强化方面,添加组的膳食纤维、维生素C、氨基酸含量显著增加并与BP添加量呈正相关。体外抗氧化结果表明,DPPH、·OH、ABTS+三种自由基清除率在10%添加量下达到最大值,较对照组分别增大了83.23%、36.02%、57.2%。综上所述,向未漂洗南美白对虾糜中添加西兰花全粉,在增强虾糜凝胶特性的同时实现了动植物的营养强化互补。本研究为植物资源的高值化利用及进一步开发营养均衡的新型虾糜制品提供了理论依据。

, authors=徐明伟1, 2, 曾泽政1, 2, 朱礼锋1, 2, 曹扬洪1, 2, 余鸿翔1, 2, 祁岑1, 2, 董庆亮1, 2, *, authorsList=徐明伟, 曾泽政, 朱礼锋, 曹扬洪, 余鸿翔, 祁岑, 董庆亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=董庆亮, authorNote=

徐明伟(2004−),男,大学本科,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
董庆亮(1980−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然活性成分研究与海产品高值化利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=d1J3ON6urOFIJciuZxgn8Q==, magXml=eO4qNMwMd7Rae9kYID3jhA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=c8CF22nWVHSJjj1r3rUpmQ==, pdfFileSize=20199108, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=QkqfzmzdFOhbBIPfk6w8RQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ycQyf3MdCuhhZy49ubMIuw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880275534500725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xumingwei040625@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880275622581112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, authorId=1320880275534500725, language=EN, stringName=Mingwei XU, firstName=Mingwei, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Food Engineering College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
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注:不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图4~图7、图9、图11~图12、图14同。

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figureFileBig=yN9TqFapofF2RW4/igC5Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880280810935223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=图8, caption=西兰花全粉添加量对虾糜凝胶的红外光谱图的影响, figureFileSmall=YqNoTAVcyzWXQMtypfEzCg==, figureFileBig=yN9TqFapofF2RW4/igC5Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880280865461176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of BP addition levels on protein secondary structure content of shrimp surimi gels, figureFileSmall=FUaPR4Y1KCGIlylkgBSX2Q==, figureFileBig=WHBwbNl210Gj6bg4yJ3EtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880280936764345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=图9, caption=西兰花全粉添加量对虾糜凝胶蛋白质二级结构含量的影响, figureFileSmall=FUaPR4Y1KCGIlylkgBSX2Q==, figureFileBig=WHBwbNl210Gj6bg4yJ3EtQ==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Amino acid composition and content of shrimp surimi gel with varying BP addition levels, figureFileSmall=BPDU54sgS1fwn80rDmauTQ==, figureFileBig=9W2TqypOyYQhowjS9Tjt0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880281523966913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同西兰花全粉添加量的虾糜凝胶氨基酸组成及其含量, figureFileSmall=BPDU54sgS1fwn80rDmauTQ==, figureFileBig=9W2TqypOyYQhowjS9Tjt0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880281595270082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Effect of BP addition levels on antioxidant activity of shrimp surimi gel, figureFileSmall=THbKc83pLeNoZI89MtWS8w==, figureFileBig=RhXRGyEJuE/RMxsobusfug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880283277185987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=图14, caption=西兰花全粉添加量对虾糜凝胶抗氧化活性的影响, figureFileSmall=THbKc83pLeNoZI89MtWS8w==, figureFileBig=RhXRGyEJuE/RMxsobusfug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880283369460676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
得分色泽(20分)气味(20分)滋味(20分)口感质地(20分)组织结构(20分)
差(0~3分)颜色过暗或过浓无虾肉鲜香或蔬菜清香,有明显腥味无鲜虾味,虾味有不良
滋味
难以咀嚼或软不成型,口感极差组织松散、严重分层、大量气泡或未形成有效凝胶结构
中(4~12分)绿色分布不均或颜色略暗虾肉味或西兰花味很淡,有轻微异味鲜味不足,西兰花风味过淡或过浓,虾味稍有异味偏硬、偏软、发粘、渣感明显或松散,咀嚼性差组织粗糙,有明显颗粒、纤维感或较多气泡,成型稍差
良(13~17分)整体呈均匀浅绿色,稍有光泽虾肉味或西兰花香气较明显,相对协调虾肉鲜味或西兰花风味较协调,滋味尚可弹性稍强或稍弱,口感
尚可,咀嚼性较好
组织较细腻,略有颗粒感或少量小气泡,成型尚可
优(18~20分)色泽均一,富有光泽无明显虾腥味,虾味与
西兰花味协调柔和
虾肉有鲜味,带有适宜的西兰花风味,滋味鲜美协调弹性均衡,口感优秀,咀嚼性好组织致密细腻均匀,无肉眼可见大颗粒或气泡,成型好
), ArticleFig(id=1320880283470123973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
得分色泽(20分)气味(20分)滋味(20分)口感质地(20分)组织结构(20分)
差(0~3分)颜色过暗或过浓无虾肉鲜香或蔬菜清香,有明显腥味无鲜虾味,虾味有不良
滋味
难以咀嚼或软不成型,口感极差组织松散、严重分层、大量气泡或未形成有效凝胶结构
中(4~12分)绿色分布不均或颜色略暗虾肉味或西兰花味很淡,有轻微异味鲜味不足,西兰花风味过淡或过浓,虾味稍有异味偏硬、偏软、发粘、渣感明显或松散,咀嚼性差组织粗糙,有明显颗粒、纤维感或较多气泡,成型稍差
良(13~17分)整体呈均匀浅绿色,稍有光泽虾肉味或西兰花香气较明显,相对协调虾肉鲜味或西兰花风味较协调,滋味尚可弹性稍强或稍弱,口感
尚可,咀嚼性较好
组织较细腻,略有颗粒感或少量小气泡,成型尚可
优(18~20分)色泽均一,富有光泽无明显虾腥味,虾味与
西兰花味协调柔和
虾肉有鲜味,带有适宜的西兰花风味,滋味鲜美协调弹性均衡,口感优秀,咀嚼性好组织致密细腻均匀,无肉眼可见大颗粒或气泡,成型好
), ArticleFig(id=1320880283570787270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of BP addition level on the whiteness value of shrimp surimi gel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)L*a*b*W
082.95±0.49a9.76±0.28a8.45±0.07e78.46±0.17a
274.78±0.16b2.25±0.06b17.15±0.18d69.42±0.23b
470.96±0.35c−3.44±0.15c21.48±0.75c63.71±0.74c
667.28±0.64d−5.62±0.10d24.10±0.72b58.97±0.95d
863.07±0.23e−5.94±0.12e24.60±0.19b55.23±0.26e
1060.58±0.17f−6.76±0.17f26.39±0.26a52.08±0.29f
BP64.73±0.02−11.17±0.0330.52±0.0351.99±0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1320880283663061959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

西兰花全粉添加量对虾糜凝胶白度值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)L*a*b*W
082.95±0.49a9.76±0.28a8.45±0.07e78.46±0.17a
274.78±0.16b2.25±0.06b17.15±0.18d69.42±0.23b
470.96±0.35c−3.44±0.15c21.48±0.75c63.71±0.74c
667.28±0.64d−5.62±0.10d24.10±0.72b58.97±0.95d
863.07±0.23e−5.94±0.12e24.60±0.19b55.23±0.26e
1060.58±0.17f−6.76±0.17f26.39±0.26a52.08±0.29f
BP64.73±0.02−11.17±0.0330.52±0.0351.99±0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1320880283730170824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of BP addition levels on the texture properties of shrimp surimi gel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)硬度(g)弹性(mm)内聚性咀嚼性(mJ)
0109.67±5.51f11.14±0.40c0.43±0.07c4.83±1.42d
2147.33±7.10e11.63±0.45bc0.49±0.06bc6.73±3.10d
4176.33±4.93d11.87±0.09ab0.50±0.02bc11.00±1.73c
6211.33±2.52c11.98±0.13ab0.53±0.04b13.77±0.56bc
8249.67±4.04b12.07±0.04ab0.55±0.02b15.93±1.5ab
10273.33±9.24a12.14±0.03a0.68±0.04a18.43±0.75a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880283818251209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

西兰花全粉添加量对虾糜凝胶质构特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)硬度(g)弹性(mm)内聚性咀嚼性(mJ)
0109.67±5.51f11.14±0.40c0.43±0.07c4.83±1.42d
2147.33±7.10e11.63±0.45bc0.49±0.06bc6.73±3.10d
4176.33±4.93d11.87±0.09ab0.50±0.02bc11.00±1.73c
6211.33±2.52c11.98±0.13ab0.53±0.04b13.77±0.56bc
8249.67±4.04b12.07±0.04ab0.55±0.02b15.93±1.5ab
10273.33±9.24a12.14±0.03a0.68±0.04a18.43±0.75a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880283902137290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of BP addition levels on texture properties of frozen shrimp surimi gels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)硬度(g)弹性(mm)内聚性咀嚼性(mJ)
070.33±2.52f7.66±0.60d0.42±0.10d2.57±0.50f
2110.67±3.51e9.93±0.37c0.43±0.15d4.47±0.47e
4147±4.34d11.12±0.18b0.48±0.35c7.13±0.67d
6181±1.56c11.47±0.30ab0.50±0.50bc9.67±0.70c
8211±3.60b11.57±0.50ab0.53±0.32b13.5±0.20b
10243.33±5.10a11.84±0.90a0.56±0.41a16.55±0.50a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880283969246155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

西兰花全粉添加量对冻藏虾糜凝胶质构特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)硬度(g)弹性(mm)内聚性咀嚼性(mJ)
070.33±2.52f7.66±0.60d0.42±0.10d2.57±0.50f
2110.67±3.51e9.93±0.37c0.43±0.15d4.47±0.47e
4147±4.34d11.12±0.18b0.48±0.35c7.13±0.67d
6181±1.56c11.47±0.30ab0.50±0.50bc9.67±0.70c
8211±3.60b11.57±0.50ab0.53±0.32b13.5±0.20b
10243.33±5.10a11.84±0.90a0.56±0.41a16.55±0.50a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880284036355020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect of BP addition levels on the sensory quality of shrimp surimi gel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)色泽气味滋味口感质地组织结构总分
018.33±0.23a7.85±0.50e5.28±0.72e8.49±0.77d11.78±0.49d51.73±1.43e
216.80±0.28b9.80±0.49d8.57±1.10d12.48±1.12c13.18±0.58c60.84±2.64d
414.86±0.80c13.17±0.36c14.65±1.11bc16.17±0.27b15.36±0.47b74.21±2.32c
613.98±0.44c19.00±0.42a18.23±0.40a18.73±0.53a18.47±0.34a88.40±0.45a
811.88±0.39d17.07±0.51b16.02±0.83b17.19±0.30b18.70±0.46a80.86±0.76b
108.78±0.94e16.80±0.28b13.44±0.71c16.58±0.63b18.78±0.21a74.37±1.18c
), ArticleFig(id=1320880284111852493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

西兰花全粉添加量对虾糜凝胶感官品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)色泽气味滋味口感质地组织结构总分
018.33±0.23a7.85±0.50e5.28±0.72e8.49±0.77d11.78±0.49d51.73±1.43e
216.80±0.28b9.80±0.49d8.57±1.10d12.48±1.12c13.18±0.58c60.84±2.64d
414.86±0.80c13.17±0.36c14.65±1.11bc16.17±0.27b15.36±0.47b74.21±2.32c
613.98±0.44c19.00±0.42a18.23±0.40a18.73±0.53a18.47±0.34a88.40±0.45a
811.88±0.39d17.07±0.51b16.02±0.83b17.19±0.30b18.70±0.46a80.86±0.76b
108.78±0.94e16.80±0.28b13.44±0.71c16.58±0.63b18.78±0.21a74.37±1.18c
), ArticleFig(id=1320880284187349966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effect of BP addition levels on amino acid content of shrimp surimi gel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)EAA(mg/g)NEAA(mg/g)TAA(mg/g)EAA/TAA(%)EAA/NEAA(%)
081.87±0.11a138.29±0.05a220.16±0.15a37.1959.2
281.90±0.09a138.28±0.08a220.17±0.17a37.2059.23
481.92±0.11a138.25±0.10a220.17±0.21a37.2159.25
681.96±0.07a138.22±0.10a220.18±0.17a37.2259.30
882.00±0.11a138.21±0.10a220.21±0.22a37.2459.33
1082.02±0.1a138.17±0.12a220.19±0.21a37.2559.36
), ArticleFig(id=1320880284258653135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

西兰花全粉添加量对虾糜凝胶氨基酸含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)EAA(mg/g)NEAA(mg/g)TAA(mg/g)EAA/TAA(%)EAA/NEAA(%)
081.87±0.11a138.29±0.05a220.16±0.15a37.1959.2
281.90±0.09a138.28±0.08a220.17±0.17a37.2059.23
481.92±0.11a138.25±0.10a220.17±0.21a37.2159.25
681.96±0.07a138.22±0.10a220.18±0.17a37.2259.30
882.00±0.11a138.21±0.10a220.21±0.22a37.2459.33
1082.02±0.1a138.17±0.12a220.19±0.21a37.2559.36
), ArticleFig(id=1320880284346733520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Amino acid score and chemical score of shrimp surimi gel with varying BP addition levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)必需氨基酸EAAI
苏氨酸缬氨酸亮氨酸赖氨酸异亮氨酸苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸蛋氨酸+胱氨酸
AASCSAASCSAASCSAASCSAASCSAASCSAASCS
0112.2593.592.898.7117.71100.5201.6102.7106.6887.1164.62106.2140.9494.997.48
2112.5593.893.4699.4117.69100.5200.2102107.2587.6164.27106138.5193.297.32
4112.859494.1100.1117.67100.6198.82101.3107.6887.9163.22105.3136.491.897.12
6113.0894.294.8100.9117.71100.5197.53100. 6108.388.4162.6105134.2390.396.96
8113.2394.495.34101.4117.68100.5196.2599.9108.7388.8162104.5132.298996.75
10113.4594.595.94102117.73100.5195.1699.4109.2389.2161.3104.1130.2687.796.59
), ArticleFig(id=1320880284422230993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880270316786510, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同西兰花全粉添加量的虾糜凝胶的氨基酸评分及化学评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BP添加量(%)必需氨基酸EAAI
苏氨酸缬氨酸亮氨酸赖氨酸异亮氨酸苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸蛋氨酸+胱氨酸
AASCSAASCSAASCSAASCSAASCSAASCSAASCS
0112.2593.592.898.7117.71100.5201.6102.7106.6887.1164.62106.2140.9494.997.48
2112.5593.893.4699.4117.69100.5200.2102107.2587.6164.27106138.5193.297.32
4112.859494.1100.1117.67100.6198.82101.3107.6887.9163.22105.3136.491.897.12
6113.0894.294.8100.9117.71100.5197.53100. 6108.388.4162.6105134.2390.396.96
8113.2394.495.34101.4117.68100.5196.2599.9108.7388.8162104.5132.298996.75
10113.4594.595.94102117.73100.5195.1699.4109.2389.2161.3104.1130.2687.796.59
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西兰花全粉对未漂洗南美白对虾糜理化性质、营养组成及抗氧化活性的影响
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徐明伟 1, 2 , 曾泽政 1, 2 , 朱礼锋 1, 2 , 曹扬洪 1, 2 , 余鸿翔 1, 2 , 祁岑 1, 2 , 董庆亮 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(15): 140-152
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (15) : 140 -152
西兰花全粉对未漂洗南美白对虾糜理化性质、营养组成及抗氧化活性的影响
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徐明伟1, 2 , 曾泽政1, 2, 朱礼锋1, 2, 曹扬洪1, 2, 余鸿翔1, 2, 祁岑1, 2, 董庆亮1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1北部湾大学食品工程学院,广西钦州 535011
  • 2广西高校北部湾海产品高值化利用与预制食品重点实验室,广西钦州 535011
通讯作者:
董庆亮(1980−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然活性成分研究与海产品高值化利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

徐明伟(2004−),男,大学本科,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

Effect of Broccoli Powder on the Physicochemical Properties, Nutritional Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Unwashed Surimi from Litopenaeus vannamei
Mingwei XU1, 2 , Zezheng ZENG1, 2, Lifeng ZHU1, 2, Yanghong CAO1, 2, Hongxiang YU1, 2, Cen QI1, 2, Qingliang DONG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Food Engineering College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
  • 2Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, Qinzhou 535011, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070171
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为改善未漂洗南美白对虾糜凝胶特性并提升其营养价值,本实验将不同添加量(0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)的西兰花全粉(Broccoli Powder,BP)加入到虾糜中制成虾糜凝胶,研究其对虾糜理化性质、营养组成及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,随着BP的添加,虾糜凝胶的持水性、硬度、凝胶强度显著增强,并在10%添加量下达到最大值,较对照组分别提升了54.4%、149.22%、158.14%。感官评价结果显示,BP在6%添加量下,虾糜凝胶综合得分最高。此外,BP的添加显著改善了虾糜凝胶的短期冻藏稳定性,表现为冻藏后添加组的持水性和凝胶强度下降幅度明显低于对照组,且改善效果随添加量的增加愈加显著。机理研究表明,添加组虾糜凝胶的二硫键显著增加,微观结构逐渐致密、蛋白质二级结构发生转变,由α-螺旋及无规则卷曲结构向β结构转变。在营养强化方面,添加组的膳食纤维、维生素C、氨基酸含量显著增加并与BP添加量呈正相关。体外抗氧化结果表明,DPPH、·OH、ABTS+三种自由基清除率在10%添加量下达到最大值,较对照组分别增大了83.23%、36.02%、57.2%。综上所述,向未漂洗南美白对虾糜中添加西兰花全粉,在增强虾糜凝胶特性的同时实现了动植物的营养强化互补。本研究为植物资源的高值化利用及进一步开发营养均衡的新型虾糜制品提供了理论依据。

西兰花  /  南美白对虾  /  理化性质  /  营养组成  /  抗氧化活性

To enrich the gel properties and enhance the nutritional profile of unwashed Litopenaeus vannamei surimi, this study integrated broccoli powder (BP) at varying concentrations (0, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) to create surimi gels. The impact of BP incorporation on the physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, and antioxidant activity of the surimi was thoroughly investigated. The results revealed a notable enhancement in the water-holding capacity, hardness, and gel strength of the surimi gels with increasing BP levels, reaching peak values at 10%. These improvements amounted to 54.4%, 149.22%, and 158.14%, respectively, compared to the control group. Sensory evaluation results indicated that the surimi gel with 6% BP achieved the highest overall sensory rating. Furthermore, the integration of BP notably improved short-term frozen storage stability of the surimi gels, as evidenced by a significantly smaller decrease in water-holding capacity and gel strength after frozen storage compared to the control group. Mechanistic analyses unveiled a significant increase in disulfide bond formation within the BP-added gels, a progressively denser microstructure, and a transformation in protein secondary structure from α-helix and random coil conformations to β-structure. Regarding nutritional enhancement, the addition of BP also led to significant increases in dietary fiber, vitamin C, and amino acid content, with a positive correlation observed with BP concentration. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the scavenging rates for DPPH, ·OH, and ABTS+ radicals peaked at 10% BP addition, showing increases of 83.23%, 36.02%, and 57.2%, respectively, over the control. In summary, incorporating broccoli powder into unwashed Litopenaeus vannamei surimi enhanced the gel properties while achieving a complementary reinforcement of plant and animal nutrients. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the value-added utilization of plant resources and the advancement of nutritionally balanced surimi products.

broccoli  /  Litopenaeus vannamei  /  physicochemical properties  /  nutritional composition  /  antioxidant activity
徐明伟, 曾泽政, 朱礼锋, 曹扬洪, 余鸿翔, 祁岑, 董庆亮. 西兰花全粉对未漂洗南美白对虾糜理化性质、营养组成及抗氧化活性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 140 -152 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070171
Mingwei XU, Zezheng ZENG, Lifeng ZHU, Yanghong CAO, Hongxiang YU, Cen QI, Qingliang DONG. Effect of Broccoli Powder on the Physicochemical Properties, Nutritional Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Unwashed Surimi from Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 140 -152 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070171
南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),又叫凡纳滨对虾,分布于南美太平洋热带海岸。得益于我国丰富的水资源与适宜气候,自1988年引进以来产量持续增长,2022年我国南美白对虾养殖量约210万吨,占全球产量的三分之一[1]。南美白对虾繁殖力强、肉质鲜美、营养丰富,富含蛋白质、多种不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质及人体必需氨基酸,是典型的“高蛋白、低脂肪”食品[2],也是开发高营养虾糜制品的理想原料,其主要加工形式有虾滑、虾肠、虾酱[3]等。南美白对虾凭其肉质鲜美和丰富的营养价值受到消费者和市场青睐[4]。
鱼糜制品是经漂洗、精滤、斩拌等工艺形成的肌原纤维蛋白聚合体[5−6],而虾糜的加工与鱼糜制品加工工艺类似,目前市面上虾糜制品的品质良莠不齐且普遍差于鱼糜制品[7],常存在凝胶强度低、弹性差、持水性低及有明显腥味等问题,制约了虾糜制品发展。另一方面,虽然未漂洗的水产品可以保留更多的营养物质,但也会导致其凝胶性能较差[8]。因此,如何改善未漂洗的虾糜制品的口感质地、凝胶特性等品质成为了学术研究重点。添加各种外源物被证实是改善鱼糜凝胶品质的有效方式之一[9],目前植物资源与鱼糜制品的协同应用逐渐成为食品领域的研究热点。例如,Singh等[10]研究发现添加洋车前子壳粉可改善线鳍鲷鱼糜凝胶品质;Yin等[11]研究证实添加纳米豆渣不溶性膳食纤维后的鲢鱼糜的质地与水分分布得到了优化;Piao等[12]证明了添加菊粉可使鱼糜蛋白间化学作用力增强从而促进凝胶网络形成。以上研究成果揭示了植物性成分在改善鱼糜凝胶特性方面有着广泛应用和显著成效。
西兰花(Broccoli),属十字花科植物,因其营养价值丰富而被誉为“蔬菜皇冠”[13],其富含膳食纤维、维生素C、硫代葡萄糖苷和多酚类等生物活性及营养物质。在清除自由基、防癌抗癌、调节肠道、促进新陈代谢[14−15]等方面具有一定健康益处,已被世界卫生组织(WHO)及联合国粮农组织(FAO)列为“十大全营养食品”之一。基于其独特的理化与功能特性,西兰花在食品质构改良和营养强化方面展现出广阔的应用前景。相关研究表明,向肉饼中加入西兰花粉提取物后起到改善质地和抑制氧化酸败的作用[16];向蛋糕中加入西兰花芽粉后蛋白质和多不饱和脂肪酸含量得到提升[17];将西兰花与香肠的复配,香肠组织的质构特性和感官性能显著增强[18]。以上研究共同印证了西兰花在改善食品质地和营养强化上的显著优势,其在水产品中的应用具有巨大潜力,可作为开发高营养价值虾糜制品的理想添加来源。然而,目前西兰花对虾糜产品的影响的研究尚显不足,其与虾糜凝胶的相互作用机制、对理化性质的改善、营养调控及对抗氧化活性的影响等缺乏深入探索。
基于此,本研究以南美白对虾为研究对象,通过添加不同比例的西兰花全粉(Broccoli Powder,BP)系统考察其对虾糜白度、持水性、蒸煮损失率、TPA、凝胶强度、短期冻藏稳定性等的影响。同时,分析凝胶形成作用力的变化,并结合傅里叶变换红外光谱分析蛋白质二级结构变化,利用扫描电子显微镜观察虾糜凝胶微观结构进一步深入讨论西兰花全粉影响虾糜凝胶形成的机理。在营养与功能方面,分析虾糜凝胶制品的膳食纤维、维生素C和氨基酸的营养组分变化,并通过测定DPPH、·OH、ABTS+三种自由基清除率分析西兰花粉对虾糜凝胶抗氧化活性的影响。本实验旨在通过西兰花全粉与虾糜的复配,实现动植物产品的综合利用与营养互补,为拓宽西兰花应用领域及高值化开发新型虾糜制品提供新思路与理论依据。
西兰花 市售;南美白对虾 国联水产有限公司;Lowry法蛋白质浓度测定试剂盒 Phygene生物科技有限公司;水杨酸、过硫酸钾等试剂 均为国产分析纯。
BTP-3ES00X冷冻干燥机 美国virtis公司;GZX-DH.500-BS电热恒温干燥箱 上海跃进医疗器械有限公司;CT3质构仪 美国Brookfield公司;PD500高速匀浆分散机 上海戈普仪器有限公司;TGL-16M高速台式冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;CM-2600色差仪 日本柯尼卡美能达控股公司;IRTracer-100傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 日本岛津公司;Apreo 2 SEM场发射扫描电镜 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司;Biochorm 30+氨基酸分析仪 英国百康公司。
将整株西兰花洗净后真空冻干,粉碎后过120目筛得到BP,其水分含量为1.85 g/100 g,蛋白质含量为24.17 g/100 g。
根据尹开平等[19]和蓝尉冰[20]的方法略作修改,将南美白对虾去头去壳,剔除虾线,取出虾肉,置于斩拌机进行第一次斩拌,时间为2 min,加入虾肉质量2.0%食盐后进行第二次斩拌,时间为1 min,根据课题组前期预实验决定将虾肉质量2%、4%、6%、8%、10%的西兰花全粉加入虾肉斩拌2 min,制得虾糜溶胶。将其灌入直径30 mm的塑料肠衣中,通过振荡法去除气泡,采用两段加热法,首先在40 ℃水浴60 min,再经90 ℃水浴30 min后取出置于冰水冷却15 min,脱去肠衣后于冰箱4 ℃下冷藏过夜,待测各项指标。本实验技术路线如图1所示。
根据Wijayanti等[21]的方法采用高精度色差仪,校准后对虾糜凝胶样品的L*、a*和b*进行测定。根据以下公式计算凝胶白度W:
$ {\rm W} =100-\sqrt{{(100-{L}^{*})}^{2}+{a}^{*2}+{b}^{*2}} $
式中:L*表示颜色的亮度;a*表示颜色的红绿度;b*表示颜色的黄蓝度。
持水性:根据Skipnes等[22]的方法略作修改,每组切取约2 g形状相近的完整虾糜凝胶记为W1,将每组样品经3层滤纸包装后放入25 mL离心管内。以6000 r/min离心15 min后解开滤纸进行第二次称重记为W2。样品持水性计算公式如下:
$ \rm 持水性({\text{%}})=\frac{{\text{W}}_{2}}{{\text{W}}_{1}} \times 100 $
式中:W1表示虾糜凝胶取样质量,g;W2为离心后虾糜凝胶质量,g。
蒸煮损失率:参考郑赵敏等[23]的方法略作修改,将虾糜凝胶切成直径2.5 cm、高0.5 cm的圆柱体(约5 g),称重记为M1,放入蒸煮袋中并进行真空封口,沸水蒸煮10 min,然后用滤纸吸干表面水分后称重,记为M2。虾糜凝胶的蒸煮损失率计算公式如下:
$ \rm 蒸煮损失率({\text{%}})=\frac{{\text{M}}_{1}-{\text{M}}_{2}}{{\text{M}}_{1}} \times 100 $
式中:M1表示虾糜凝胶取样质量,g;M2为蒸煮后虾糜凝胶质量,g。
TPA参数测定参照汲晨洋等[24]的方法,切取直径2.5 cm、高2.5 cm的圆柱体虾糜凝胶,在室温下平衡30 min后,使用CT3型质构仪进行测定。采用TA/44柱形探头,设定为质地多面剖析,测试速度1 mm/s,压缩比50%,触发力5 g。选取硬度、弹性、内聚性和咀嚼性为TPA参数。凝胶强度测定[24]:使用同款质构仪及探头在压缩模式下,测试速度1 mm/s,触发力5 g,压缩距离15 mm。破断强度为所得曲线上的第一个峰值,破断距离为其对应距离。凝胶强度为破断强度(g)与破断距离(mm)之积。
将虾糜凝胶于−20 ℃冰箱冻藏3 d,测定前将样品转移置于4 ℃冰箱中解冻12 h冷藏解冻,待测指标(持水性和蒸煮损失率及TPA和凝胶强度)的测定均在样品解冻后2 h内完成。取出解冻好的虾糜凝胶,持水性和蒸煮损失率的测定方法同1.2.4;TPA和凝胶强度的测定方法同1.2.5。
参考丁昊[25]的方法略作修改,邀请8名熟悉虾糜制品的食品科学相关专业学生(年龄在20~23岁)成立小组进行感官评价,按表1的要求对复合虾糜凝胶的色泽、气味、滋味、口感质地和组织结构进行评价。
根据Liu等[26]的方法略作修改,取1 g虾糜凝胶分别与10 mL的0.05 mol/L NaCl溶液(SA)、0.6 mol/L NaCl溶液(SB)、1.5 mol/L尿素+0.6 mol/L NaCl溶液(SC)、8.0 mol/L尿素+0.6 mol/L NaCl溶液(SD)和0.6 mol/L NaCl+8 mol/L尿素+0.5 mol/L β-巯基乙醇溶液(SE)混合,均质后使用磁力搅拌器于4 ℃下搅拌1 h,使蛋白质充分溶解,离心取上清液。使用Lowry法测定上清液中的蛋白质浓度,离子键、氢键、疏水相互作用和二硫键分别用上清液中蛋白浓度的差值(SB−SA,SC−SB,SD−SC和SE−SD)表示。
根据Piao等[27]的方法略作修改,使用FT-IR对虾糜凝胶的蛋白质二级结构进行分析。将虾糜凝胶冻干粉碎后与溴化钾以1:100比例充分研磨混匀,通过压片机压成透明薄片。在400~4000 cm−1波数范围内进行64次扫描,分辨率为4 cm−1。
根据Sun等[28]的方法略作修改,将虾糜凝胶切成1 cm×1 cm×1 cm的正方体,用2.5%戊二醛溶液浸泡固定过夜,用磷酸缓冲液洗脱3次,10 min/次,依次使用体积分数为50%、70%、80%、95%及无水乙醇各洗脱20 min。随后将冷冻干燥后的凝胶样品,用导电胶条将样品逐个粘贴在扫描电镜样品台上,喷金后,利用扫描电镜在电压10 kV下放大500倍观察样品微观结构。
膳食纤维含量方法参照GB/T 5009.88-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中膳食纤维的测定》执行[29]。
维生素C含量方法参照GB/T 5009.86-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中抗坏血酸的测定》执行[30]。
虾糜凝胶中的氨基酸组成及含量方法参照GB/T 5009.124-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》[31]执行,参照1973年世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国粮农组织(FAO)修订的理想蛋白质人体必需氨基酸模式图[32],并根据郝苑汝等[33]的方法略作修改,按下列公式分别计算不同BP添加量的虾糜凝胶的氨基酸评分AAS、化学评分CS和必需氨基酸指数EAAI。
$ \rm AAS= \frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{x}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{y}}}\times 100 $
$ \rm CS= \frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{x}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{z}}}\times 100 $
$\rm EAAI= \sqrt[\mathrm{n}]{\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{x}1}\times {\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{x}2}\times \cdots \times {\mathrm{A}}_{\text{xn}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{z}1}\times {\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{z}2}\times \cdots \times {\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{zn}}}} $
式中:Ax为虾糜凝胶中必需氨基酸含量(mg/g蛋白质);Ay为FAO/WHO评分模式中必需氨基酸含量;Az为鸡蛋蛋白质中必需氨基酸含量;Axn为虾糜凝胶中第n个必需氨基酸含量,Azn为鸡蛋蛋白质中第n个必需氨基酸含量,n为必需氨基酸个数。
将1 g复合虾糜样品置于烧杯中,加入10 mL去离子水均质后于37 ℃下浸提1 h后8000 r/min取上清液记为S1,在残渣中加入10 mL的95%乙醇后均质,接着在37 ℃下浸提1 h后8000 r/min离心10 min取上清液记为S2,合并S1和S2并用去离子水定容至50 mL,制得样品稀释液。
DPPH自由基清除率:根据Wu等[34]的方法略作修改,分别取0.2 mmol/L的DPPH溶液1 mL和稀释液2 mL至试管中混匀,避光反应30 min后,测定波长为517 nm下的吸光度,DPPH自由基清除率计算公式如下:
$ \rm DPPH自由基清除率({\text{%}})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0为使用去离子水代替样品稀释液的吸光度;A1为样品与DPPH反应后的吸光度;A2为以无水乙醇代替DPPH的吸光度。
·OH清除率:根据Ji等[35]的方法略作修改,取1 mL的样品稀释液置试管中,并添加1 mL 6 mmol/L FeSO4和1 mL 6 mmol/L H2O2,混匀后添加1 mL 6 mmol/L水杨酸,静置反应30 min,测定波长为510 nm下的吸光度。·OH清除率计算公式如下:
$ \rm{\cdot}OH清除率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{\text{A}_1-\text{A}_2}{\text{A}_0}\right)\times100 $
式中:A0为使用去离子水代替样品稀释液的吸光度;A1为样品与H2O2反应后的吸光度;A2为去离子水代替H2O2的吸光度。
ABTS+自由基清除率:根据Tang等[36]的方法略作修改,将7 mmol/L ABTS溶液和2.4 mmol/L的过硫酸钾溶液等体积混匀,避光反应12 h后得到ABTS储备液,用pH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液稀释到波长在734 nm处吸光度为0.75±0.02,得到ABTS测试液,取0.1 mL稀释液于试管中加入4 mL的ABTS溶液混匀,避光反应10 min,在波长734 nm处测定吸光度,ABTS+自由基清除率计算公式如下:
$ \rm ABTS^+自由基清除率({\text{%}})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A1为样品与ABTS溶液反应后的吸光度;A2为用磷酸盐缓冲液代替ABTS溶液后的吸光度;A0为用去离子水代替样品稀释液的吸光度。
采用SPSS 27软件对实验数据进行显著性分析,采用Origin Pro 2024软件进行图表制作。用不同字母标注相同指标下的结果,说明有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
白度值是体现虾糜感官性状和品质优劣的重要指标,L*代表亮度,a*代表红绿值,b*代表黄蓝值。由表2得,随着BP添加量的增多,虾糜凝胶的L*、a*与W值均呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),b*值显著上升(P<0.05),直观表现为虾糜凝胶逐渐变绿(图2),Rawdkuen等[37]研究表明,鱼糜制品的颜色主要与外源物的性质有关,西兰花中富含叶绿素[38],叶绿素以BP为载体,分散于虾糜凝胶网络中,使虾糜凝胶变绿。周凤超等[39]将海带全粉添加到鲢鱼鱼糜中,鱼糜凝胶的颜色逐渐向海带本身色泽转变,与本实验中虾糜凝胶色泽随BP添加而变化的现象规律基本一致。此外,结合感官评分结果可知,均匀绿色的虾糜并不影响人们对它的观感,表明适当添加BP的虾糜可以被接受。
持水性作为评估虾糜凝胶性能的关键指标之一,直接反映了凝胶网络束缚水分、阻止其流失的能力。由图3(a)可知,随着BP的添加,虾糜凝胶的持水性显著提高(P<0.05),在BP添加量为10%下,持水性达到最大值78.85%,较对照组提高了54.4%。这是由于BP具有较高的亲水性[40],其在凝胶网络中与水分子结合并将其截留并束缚于虾糜凝胶三维网络中,同时在凝胶热诱导中,促进与蛋白质间相互作用,使三维凝胶网络更加稳定,减少了汁液流失[41−42]。与之相关,Zhang等[43]通过将酵母β-葡聚糖添加到鲢鱼鱼糜中,酵母β-葡聚糖填充到凝胶网络中吸收并容纳大量水分子,增强了鱼糜凝胶持水性。
蒸煮损失率是评估虾糜制品品质保留程度的关键指标,其直接反映了食品在热加工过程中的保水能力及内部网络结构的稳定性[44]。通常蒸煮损失率与持水性呈显著负相关关系,共同表征凝胶网络在热应力下维持水分的能力。如图3(b)所示,随着BP添加量的增加,虾糜凝胶的蒸煮损失率显著下降(P<0.05)。BP添加量为10%时,蒸煮损失率达到最小值,从对照组的22.28%降至6.95%,降幅达68.8%。在BP为0~4%低添加量区间,蒸煮损失率下降幅度最为明显。当BP添加量超过6%后,蒸煮损失率的下降速率明显减缓,推测是由于随着BP用量的进一步增加,其在凝胶网络大量填充,可能产生了某种剂量饱和效应,导致其对水分滞留能力的提升幅度趋于平稳。综上,适量添加BP即可有效改善虾糜凝胶的蒸煮损失。
质构特性是虾糜制品最重要的感官属性之一,其核心参数包括硬度、咀嚼性、内聚性、弹性。表3揭示了BP添加量对虾糜凝胶TPA相关参数的变化关系,随着BP的添加,虾糜凝胶的硬度、弹性、内聚性和咀嚼性均显著增加(P<0.05),在0~10%添加量下,各参数与BP添加量呈正相关。其中,BP在10%添加量下的虾糜凝胶各TPA参数达到最大值,较对照组分别提高了149.22%、8.98%、58.14%、281.57%,其中硬度和咀嚼性整体增加最为显著(P<0.05),这与汲晨洋等[24]将条斑紫菜多糖添加到鱼糜中质构特性变化一致。这是由于BP的添加对质构特性的增强起到关键作用,它们通过物理填充、吸水膨胀和增强蛋白分子间化学交联[45−46],有效促进凝胶形成的同时巩固了三维凝胶网络结构。Debusca等[47]通过将膳食纤维物质与肌原纤维蛋白混合从而实现了凝胶质构特性的提升。综上所述,向虾糜中添加BP可有效改善虾糜凝胶质构特性。
凝胶强度是衡量虾糜凝胶质量的核心指标之一,其数值可由破断强度与破断距离相乘得出。由图4所示,破断距离与凝胶强度呈正相关,虾糜凝胶的破断距离增大的同时伴随着凝胶强度的增加,这与整体质构变化规律基本相同。随着BP量的增大,凝胶强度显著增强(P<0.05),在BP添加量为10%时,凝胶强度达到最大值,相比未添加BP的虾糜凝胶的凝胶强度增加了158.14%。凝胶强度的提升可解释为BP中活性组分作用的结果,在凝胶热诱导过程中,蛋白质疏水基团等暴露增多[48],BP中多糖类物质通过与水结合的同时不断膨胀,促使蛋白质分子间交联与聚集增强,增强了凝胶网络的稳定性,从而使凝胶强度增大[41,45]。
冷冻贮藏虽可有效延缓食品腐败变质,但形成的冰晶会对产品结构造成机械损伤,从而影响其品质[49]。为探究BP对虾糜凝胶冻藏稳定性的影响,本研究通过与冻藏前样品的持水性与蒸煮损失率变化相对比。结果如图5(图中未冻藏组数据对应图3)所示,冻藏3 d后的虾糜凝胶的持水性和蒸煮损失率的整体变化规律虽与未冻藏组一致,但每组持水性数值均比未冻藏组降低,蒸煮损失率数值比未冻藏后升高,说明冻藏使得虾糜凝胶束缚水的能力下降,该结果与游刚等[50]研究仙草多糖对冻藏鱼糜持水性及蒸煮损失率变化所得的规律相同。冻藏后虾糜凝胶持水性随BP添加量增大而增大、蒸煮损失率则随BP的添加而降低,可解释为BP的添加一定程度上缓解了冰晶带来的负面影响,在冻藏中产生的冰晶虽对虾糜凝胶网络结构造成一定的破坏,导致其保留水分的能力减弱,但BP中的亲水基团与水分子结合而使其对凝胶网络的破坏受到抑制,表现为冻藏稳定性的提高(持水性的升高和蒸煮损失率的降低)。
冻藏会对虾糜凝胶的TPA和凝胶强度产生负面影响[50]。表4展示了经冻藏处理后各组虾糜凝胶的硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性随BP的不断添加呈现递增的趋势,但结合表3(未冻藏时的原虾糜凝胶随BP添加时的TPA参数)可知,由于冷冻产生的冰晶使得冻藏后的虾糜凝胶各TPA参数均低于同BP添加量下的未冻藏时的虾糜凝胶,可解释为冻藏产生的冰晶会影响虾糜凝胶弹性和硬度,影响蛋白质的聚集从而降低其凝胶性能[49]。游刚等[50]的研究也证实冷冻会破坏凝胶结构,导致弹性等TPA参数下降。在本研究中,当BP添加量为0~2%时,虾糜凝胶的弹性与较未冻藏时差别较高,冻藏对虾糜凝胶弹性的影响尤为显著,推测此时BP还没对虾糜凝胶网络结构产生有力增强,冰晶对凝胶网络的破坏较大,在BP添加量4%后,冰晶仍会对凝胶网络造成一定程度的破坏,但其影响程度有所减弱,在添加量为10%时,冻藏组弹性达到最大值11.84 mm,较同添加量下未冻藏组弹性下降2.47%。
图6展示了冻藏3 d组与未冻藏组(对应图4)的虾糜凝胶强度,经对比可知,随BP的不断添加,冻藏组凝胶强度虽呈现上升的趋势,但均低于同一添加量下的未冻藏时虾糜凝胶的凝胶强度。随着BP添加量的增多,同添加量下的冻藏组与未冻藏组之间的虾糜凝胶强度差值不断减小,未添加BP时两组凝胶强度差异最大,较冻藏前下降44.07%,当BP添加量为10%时,较冻藏前下降21.45%,这一结果说明,得益于BP的添加,其通过在虾糜凝胶中物理填充和化学交联的协同作用,不仅能有效增强虾糜凝胶凝胶强度,也缓解冻藏带来的性能劣化负面影响。综上所述,添加了BP的虾糜凝胶耐冻性不断提高,凝胶强度的损失逐渐减小,性能表现逐步增强,凝胶三维网络得到增强和巩固,并进一步证实了BP对虾糜凝胶冻藏稳定性的积极改善作用。
虾糜的感官品质受多种因素协同作用,直接影响消费者的接受度。各组虾糜凝胶感官评分如表5所示。其中,色泽评分随BP添加量的增大而显著降低(P<0.05),对照组色泽分值最高,而BP的加入导致虾糜凝胶颜色加深、亮度降低,导致其评分下降,这与表2的白度测定结果一致。未添加BP的对照组腥味大,气味评分最低。BP的加入有效降低了腥味,这与Liu等[51]将酵母提取物加到鱼糜凝胶中起到了去腥的作用结果一致,此外,Nie等[52]发现可溶性膳食纤维和不可溶性膳食纤维均可改善鱼糜的鱼腥味。6%添加量的虾糜凝胶得分最高,表明此添加量下虾味与西兰花味协同效果最佳。当BP添加量大于6%时气味评分呈下降趋势,可能由于西兰花味过浓,过于掩盖虾味,导致气味协调不平衡。滋味评分首先随BP添加量增加而升高,并在6%添加量时达到最高分18.23,表明此添加量下虾糜凝胶滋味最受认可。在口感质地方面,同样在6%添加量时获得最高分18.73,说明此时凝胶的硬度与弹性对品尝者而言最为适宜。组织结构的评分随BP添加量增加而持续升高,这一变化规律与持水性、凝胶强度等的提升趋势一致。在6%的BP添加量下,虾糜凝胶的总分最高,综合感官评价表现最佳,品尝者的整体接受度最高。综上所述,BP的添加有效减轻了虾糜的腥味,增强了其滋味丰富度与口感品质,从而对虾糜凝胶的整体感官评分产生了积极的影响。
维持蛋白网络结构的主要化学作用力包括离子键、氢键、疏水作用和二硫键[53]。图7展示了虾糜凝胶化学作用力随BP添加量的变化。随着BP的添加,虾糜凝胶的疏水作用和二硫键呈先增大后降低的趋势,在6%添加量下达到最大值。这是由于BP中大量亲水基团通过竞争性结合水分子,削弱蛋白与水相互作用,改变蛋白质周围水分状态,诱导疏水环境形成,促使蛋白质构象改变并暴露较多疏水区[54],进而增强疏水相互作用和影响蛋白质分子间的聚集。此外在热诱导过程中,BP的添加使得虾糜凝胶巯基氧化并逐渐向二硫键转变,这促进了凝胶网络的形成[55]。离子键和氢键整体呈下降趋势,这是由于BP的存在,蛋白质分子间离子键的形成和与水形成的氢键均受到影响[56]。此外,丁昊[25]还发现植物成分的酚类物质对疏水基团有一定影响,酚羟基竞争性结合蛋白氢键位点,也会导致氢键的整体降低。
傅里叶红外光谱是解析蛋白质二级结构组成的有效技术手段,其中位于1600~1700 cm−1酰胺Ⅰ带的特征吸收光谱包含丰富的构象信息[57]。图8展示了不同BP添加量的虾糜凝胶的红外光谱图,基于峰位归属可实现二级结构的定量解析:1600~1640 cm−1区间对应β-折叠结构的特征吸收,该结构是构建蛋白质有序聚集网络的关键结构单元;1640~1650 cm−1属于无规则卷曲构象,是反映蛋白质分子的无序性结构区域;1650~1660 cm−1对应α-螺旋结构的特征振动,代表螺旋状有序二级结构;1660~1700 cm−1则与β-转角结构相关,表征肽链局部折叠形成的转角构象[58]。蛋白质二级结构的相对含量则可通过对各特征峰进行分峰拟合,并计算各构象峰面积占酰胺Ⅰ带总面积的比例得出。
图9可知,BP含量增多促进了α-螺旋和无规则卷曲向β-转角的转变及β-折叠的形成,β-转角和β-折叠分别从40.34%、39.67%上升至40.92%和41.69%。这与BP中不溶性膳食纤维占据空间,迫使蛋白质发生构象伸展有关。此外,BP中的亲水胶体可促进α-螺旋向β-折叠转变[56]。无规则卷曲的比例下降说明蛋白质结构从动态松散转为有序稳定,利于凝胶的强度的提升,α-螺旋结构依赖肽链内的氢键维持稳定性,凝胶热处理过程导致氢键断裂引发构象解旋,并转变为β-转角和β-折叠结构[59–60]。Zhou等[61]得出β-折叠因其较大的分子表面积和较低的水化能,可有效促进蛋白分子间交联,进而构建致密的三维凝胶网络,实现凝胶网络强度的增大,这与图4规律高度一致。
利用扫描电镜对虾糜制品微观结构的观察,可阐释其宏观性能的演变规律。图10展示了不同BP添加量下虾糜凝胶的微观结构。随着BP的增多,虾糜凝胶微观结构逐渐呈现出致密多孔的特征,该变化归因于BP中的不溶性膳食纤维颗粒的物理影响[40]。虽然微观孔隙增多,但虾糜凝胶持水性、凝胶强度等仍随BP的添加而增大,可解释为BP中富含高持水性物质竞争性吸收体系中的自由水,导致蛋白质相浓缩增大,增加蛋白质分子间相互作用,同时,BP中水合性物质在凝胶形成过程中与蛋白质接触增多,相互作用使三维凝胶网络结构逐渐增强[42,46]。此外,纤维网络作为刚性骨架,对蛋白凝胶网络的有序性有一定阻碍,其与蛋白质网络竞争空间的同时加剧了凝胶网络的物理不连续性,导致结构扩张和孔隙增多,整体上三维凝胶网络增强作用大于扩张效应,缓解了多孔化带来对凝胶特性不利的影响。
膳食纤维作为“第七大营养素”,具有抗癌、调节代谢,维持肠道健康等营养作用。图11展示了BP在不同添加量下虾糜凝胶中膳食纤维含量的变化,随着BP的不断增加,虾糜凝胶中膳食纤维含量显著增加(P<0.05),南美白对虾中因无植物细胞壁结构,不含有膳食纤维物质,西兰花中富含膳食纤维,其含量为65.78 g/100 g干重。BP在10%添加量下虾糜凝胶膳食纤维含量最多,这表明BP为虾糜凝胶带来了丰富的膳食纤维营养物质,强化了虾糜凝胶的营养组成,实现了营养互补。BP中的膳食纤维物质对于虾糜凝胶中持水性、凝胶强度等的提高起着关键作用,因膳食纤维在凝胶网络中起到了支撑与填充作用[62],依靠其强大的亲水性,增强了虾糜凝胶的持水能力、凝胶强度,降低了蒸煮损失率。综上所述,BP的添加不仅改善了虾糜凝胶特性,还使其营养价值得到提高,弥补南美白对虾膳食纤维的缺乏。
维生素C又叫抗坏血酸,其中和自由基的能力使其体现出强大的抗氧化活性[38],适量补充摄入维生素C可增强人体免疫力。BP中维生素C含量为5.73 mg/g,具有良好的食用和利用价值。如图12所示,虾糜凝胶中的维生素C含量变化与BP添加量呈正相关。当BP添加量在0~10%范围内递增时,维生素C含量显著升高(P<0.05),从0.039 mg/g增至0.238 mg/g,增幅达510.26%。虾糜凝胶中维生素C含量的增多反映了其抗氧化活性增强,该结果与后文所呈现的三种自由基清除的规律具有一致性。此外,Xue等[63]研究证实:添加维生素C能够有效改善水产肌肉的硬度和弹性,进而优化其质构特性,这一发现也与表3呈现的硬度、弹性随BP添加量增加而显著提升的变化规律相同。综上所述,BP的添加补充了南美白对虾中维生素C的不足,实现了虾糜凝胶功能品质的综合强化。
虾糜制品蛋白质价值的高低取决于氨基酸的含量和种类。图13展示了BP在各添加量下虾糜凝胶中氨基酸的含量与组成,其中色氨酸在测试中被水解破坏。谷氨酸是虾糜凝胶中含量最多的氨基酸,这与李婉君[64]所测南美白对虾氨基酸含量最高的氨基酸种类相同。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)是判定各种必需氨基酸价值的重要指标,根据FAO/WHO推荐的理想氨基酸模式[35],虾糜凝胶中EAA/TAA与EAA/NEAA越接近40%和60%,表明虾糜凝胶中氨基酸营养价值越高,越符合人体的氨基酸需求。由表6得,BP添加量为0~10%,虾糜凝胶的EAA/TAA逐渐接近于40%,且EAA/NEAA逐渐接近于60%,表明BP的添加并没有降低虾糜凝胶中必需氨基酸的含量,反而保持了稳定向上的趋势。
食物中AAS和CS越接近100%,说明该食物中必需氨基酸对人体营养价值越高,由表7得,BP添加量为0~10%时,各组虾糜凝胶中的缬氨酸均是第一限制氨基酸,此结果与李婉君[64]所研究的南美白对虾氨基酸评价所得的第一氨基酸结果一致。当EAAI>95时该产品属于优质蛋白来源[65],由EAAI结果来看,虽然各组EAAI值随着BP的添加略有降低,但各组虾糜凝胶EAAI值均维持在高于95的水平(优质蛋白标准),整体仍在整体可接受范围内。综上所述,添加BP后的虾糜凝胶整体蛋白质的质量较好,可作为高蛋白食品来源。
抗氧化能力的强弱直接关乎到凝胶产品的品质稳定性,可通过测定对自由基的清除实验量化产品的抗氧化能力[66]。图14揭示了添加BP后的虾糜凝胶对DPPH、·OH和ABTS+三种自由基清除能力变化,随着BP添加量的增大,虾糜凝胶清除三种自由基能力逐渐增强,虾糜凝胶的抗氧化性能呈现显著提升。在10%添加量时达到最大值,较对照组分别增加了83.23%、36.02%、57.2%。这与BP的添加有关,Ahmad等[67]研究指出西兰花等植物类物质是保持肉制品质量、延缓腐败变质的良好天然抗氧化剂来源。西兰花中大量的维生素C和多酚等抗氧化剂物质[13–14]被引入到虾糜凝胶,增强了其抗氧化活性。与之相关,Banerjee等[16]通过将西兰花提取物与肉饼复配,发现肉饼中抗氧化活性物质的增多显著提高了其抗氧化能力,有效减缓了氧化变质。
本实验通过向南美白对虾糜中加入0~10%添加量的BP,系统探讨其对复合虾糜凝胶理化性质、营养组成的影响及抗氧化活性。结果表明,相较于未添加BP的虾糜凝胶,向虾糜中加入BP后对其产生了有利影响:虾糜凝胶的持水性、凝胶强度、质构特性等随BP的添加而增大,蒸煮损失率随BP的添加不断降低,虾糜凝胶的白度因BP的增多而减小。冻藏处理的虾糜凝胶品质受冰晶影响导致凝胶强度下降,同时持水性较同添加量下未冻藏虾糜凝胶降低,蒸煮损失率升高,但BP的添加改善了其冻藏稳定性,抑制了其凝胶性能的下降。感官评分结果显示,BP在6%添加量下的虾糜凝胶最受品尝者认可。由化学作用力结合红外光谱的变化可得,BP的加入使二硫键和疏水作用较对照组呈增加趋势,α-螺旋和无规则卷曲向β-转角的转变及β-折叠的形成转变,共同表征为三维凝胶网络结构的不断形成及增强。SEM显示BP的加入使得虾糜凝胶微观上的致密多孔化。营养组成上,得益于BP的添加,虾糜凝胶营养价值得到大幅提升,虾糜凝胶的膳食纤维和维生素C含量均显著增加,氨基酸越来越符合人体氨基酸需求,BP的添加使得虾糜凝胶弥补了南美白对虾的部分营养缺陷,实现了动植物的营养互补。此外,虾糜凝胶清除自由基能力随BP添加而增强,展现了其强大的抗氧化活性。对于不同添加量下的适用性,若追求更好的凝胶特性、营养价值可选择BP为10%添加量下的虾糜凝胶;若偏向于滋味口感、气味外观,有一定营养价值则可以选择BP为6%添加量下的虾糜凝胶。本研究不仅为作为植物资源的西兰花的高值化开发提供新思路,还为开发出能兼具动植物产品的综合利用与营养强化互补的虾糜制品提供理论基础与创新思路。

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2026年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070171
  • 接收时间:2025-07-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-14
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    1北部湾大学食品工程学院,广西钦州 535011
    2广西高校北部湾海产品高值化利用与预制食品重点实验室,广西钦州 535011

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董庆亮(1980−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然活性成分研究与海产品高值化利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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