Article(id=1320880209583260172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070114, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752076800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792851982731, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792851982731, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792851982731, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792851982731, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=204, endPage=214, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880209792975373, articleId=1320880209583260172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Screening and Evaluation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Suitable for the Production of Fermented Meat Products, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The predominant lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from some traditional fermented foods, and fermentation performances and safety properties of the isolated strains were evaluated, then the production of volatile flavor compounds from pork broth fermented with excellent strains was further analyzed in this study. A total of 10 species, 20 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from 30 portions of fermented meat products and 10 portions of Jiangshui. Four strains of lactic acid bacteria were screened out according to the screening criteria of starter culture for fermented meat product, including Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L77, Enterococcus lactis L2, Leuconostoc mesenteroides L66, Lactilactobacillus sakei L111 and Enterococcus faecalis L98. After that, L77 and L2 were fermented individually and simultaneously with Staphylococcus xylosus S120 in pork broth, respectively. The number and content of main flavor compounds (ROAV≥0.1) in L77 group and L77-S120 group were higher than those in other groups. Furthermore, the number and content of aroma compounds generating lipid aroma and milky aroma in L77 group and L77-S120 group were also higher than those in other groups. These results indicated that L77 or L77-S120 fermentation not only increased the amounts of volatile flavor compounds, but also strengthened lipid aroma and milky aroma which were typic characteristics for fermented meat. Therefore, L77 and in combination with S120 could be used as functional starter cultures for the production of fermented meat products.

, authors=Liya SU1, Ziyao YANG2, Shiyu CHEN1, Shuting YANG1, Youqin DUAN1, Yu FU1, Juan CHEN1, *, authorsList=Liya SU, Ziyao YANG, Shiyu CHEN, Shuting YANG, Youqin DUAN, Yu FU, Juan CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Juan CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880211147735576, articleId=1320880209583260172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=适用于肉制品发酵的乳酸菌的筛选与性能评价, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究从传统发酵食品中分离鉴定优势乳酸菌,评价分离菌株的发酵性能和安全性,进一步以猪肉汤为基质对优良乳酸菌发酵产生的挥发性风味物质进行分析。结果表明,从30份发酵肉制品和10份浆水样品中共分离鉴定出10种、20株乳酸菌,根据肉制品发酵剂筛选标准,得到产酶性能、产酸能力、耐受性能等各项性能优异且安全的植物乳杆菌L77、乳酸肠球菌L2、肠膜明串珠菌L66、清酒乳杆菌L111和粪肠球菌L98。将L77、L2分别与木糖葡萄球菌S120单独和复配发酵猪肉汤,发现L77组和L77-S120组无论是主体风味化合物(ROAV≥0.1)的数量还是含量均高于其余组别,而且呈油脂香和奶香的化合物数量和含量也更高。可见,L77单独发酵或L77-S120复配发酵不仅能够增加挥发性风味物质的数量和含量,还能够使典型风味更加突出,有望作为肉制品的潜在功能发酵剂。

, authors=苏莉娅1, 杨梓垚2, 陈诗宇1, 杨树婷1, 段友琴1, 付雨1, 陈娟1, *, authorsList=苏莉娅, 杨梓垚, 陈诗宇, 杨树婷, 段友琴, 付雨, 陈娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈娟, authorNote=

苏莉娅(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈娟(1980−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品微生物与食品安全,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=YKEiUvbWpZEwra9dj3J/fQ==, magXml=W2AOcjTfrTpckx+8q5ivVA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=nbefPkB67K0agPSD+eHaHg==, pdfFileSize=7224531, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=iFFijxIZfsTWJ5AaDi2d2w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=GYVv8xZtXwPpm0Goi/4vRw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880211613303328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=13321365557@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880211692995106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, authorId=1320880211613303328, language=EN, stringName=Liya SU, firstName=Liya, middleName=null, lastName=SU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Pharmacy and Food, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880211768492579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, authorId=1320880211613303328, language=CN, stringName=苏莉娅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南民族大学药学与食品学院,四川成都 610225, bio={"content":"

苏莉娅(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

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苏莉娅(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

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Food Science, 2023, 44(22): 149−157.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880222552048269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yongyong, CHEN Lei, WEI Congjiao, et al. Effect of functional multi-strain starter culture on inhibiting protein oxidation and improving flavor in fermented sausage[J]. Food Science, 2023, 44(22): 149−157., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880211432948249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880211441336858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, companyId=1320880211432948249, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Pharmacy and Food, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880211453919771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, companyId=1320880211432948249, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南民族大学药学与食品学院,四川成都 610225)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880211516834332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880211529417245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, companyId=1320880211516834332, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Tongren Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tongren 554300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880211537805854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, companyId=1320880211516834332, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2铜仁市农业农村局,贵州铜仁 554300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880214033416780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Enzyme production results of lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=9HjZSDwv0Rye9slDxpL1pg==, figureFileBig=iFFijxIZfsTWJ5AaDi2d2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880214129885773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=CN, label=图1, caption=乳酸菌产酶性能实验结果

注:A、B为硝酸盐还原酶实验结果,其中A为加锌粉前,B为加锌粉后;C为蛋白酶实验结果;D为脂肪酶实验结果。

, figureFileSmall=9HjZSDwv0Rye9slDxpL1pg==, figureFileBig=iFFijxIZfsTWJ5AaDi2d2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880214339600974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Tolerance results of lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=ZWTPVjL9kMdlXDp9Y7Ko9w==, figureFileBig=qK6ygtfiYwXGxN8oTTTPQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880214419292751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=CN, label=图2, caption=乳酸菌的耐受性实验结果

注:A为耐酸实验结果,阳性对照为培养基初始pH6.5下培养的菌液,阴性对照为培养基pH4.48~4.52下未接菌的培养基;B为耐低温实验结果,阳性对照为37 ℃下培养的菌液,阴性对照为10 ℃条件下接入无菌水的培养基;C为耐食盐实验结果;D为耐亚硝酸盐实验结果。耐食盐与耐亚硝酸盐实验中阳性和阴性对照与耐低温实验相同。

, figureFileSmall=ZWTPVjL9kMdlXDp9Y7Ko9w==, figureFileBig=qK6ygtfiYwXGxN8oTTTPQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880214498984528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Growth curves and acid production capacity of lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=z3RPFBRtXiE43IAcs3N5Zw==, figureFileBig=hZhdl7e7QxHIbdtuhkTwQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880214578676305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=CN, label=图3, caption=乳酸菌的生长曲线及产酸能力结果

注:A、B为乳酸菌24 h生长曲线;C、D为乳酸菌24 h产酸曲线。

, figureFileSmall=z3RPFBRtXiE43IAcs3N5Zw==, figureFileBig=hZhdl7e7QxHIbdtuhkTwQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880214654173778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Safety evaluation results of lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=k3oXu3dOuTPPjSmyiVbiOg==, figureFileBig=L4xSQ6kqd6ykFxbBogXv7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880214733865555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=CN, label=图4, caption=乳酸菌安全性能实验结果

注:A为表皮葡萄球菌S125的α溶血结果;B为金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 43300 β溶血结果;C为乳酸菌溶血实验结果;D为明胶液化实验结果,其中阳性对照为金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 43300,阴性对照为接入无菌水的蛋白胨水培养基;E为吲哚实验结果,其中阳性对照为大肠埃希氏菌CICC 21530,阴性对照为接入无菌水的明胶培养基;F为偶氮还原酶实验结果。

, figureFileSmall=k3oXu3dOuTPPjSmyiVbiOg==, figureFileBig=L4xSQ6kqd6ykFxbBogXv7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880216407392852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Drug resistance results of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L77, figureFileSmall=XD2YJQZ/FlIVQCs/ck+Mng==, figureFileBig=d7Vz02i70anuR6fQV42fYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880216478696021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=CN, label=图5, caption=植物乳杆菌L77耐药性实验结果

注:W为万古霉素;Q为青霉素G;T为头孢噻肟、D为多粘菌素B;K为卡那霉素;L为链霉素;S为四环素;H为红霉素。

, figureFileSmall=XD2YJQZ/FlIVQCs/ck+Mng==, figureFileBig=d7Vz02i70anuR6fQV42fYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880216545804886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Identification results of lactic acid bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株编号中文名称拉丁学名数量(株)
L2乳酸肠球菌Enterococcus lactis1
L12类鸟肠球菌Enterococcus pseudoavium1
L30弯曲乳杆菌Latilactobacillus curvatus1
L44、L86、L92格氏乳球菌Lactococcus garvieae3
L66肠系膜明串珠菌 Leuconostoc mesenteroides1
L77植物乳杆菌Lactiplantibacillus plantarum1
L81、L84、L85希腊魏氏菌Weissella hellenica3
L87、L111清酒广布乳杆菌Latilactobacillus sakei2
L98、L128、L131、L142、L150粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis5
L151、L152屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium2
), ArticleFig(id=1320880216625496663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乳酸菌鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株编号中文名称拉丁学名数量(株)
L2乳酸肠球菌Enterococcus lactis1
L12类鸟肠球菌Enterococcus pseudoavium1
L30弯曲乳杆菌Latilactobacillus curvatus1
L44、L86、L92格氏乳球菌Lactococcus garvieae3
L66肠系膜明串珠菌 Leuconostoc mesenteroides1
L77植物乳杆菌Lactiplantibacillus plantarum1
L81、L84、L85希腊魏氏菌Weissella hellenica3
L87、L111清酒广布乳杆菌Latilactobacillus sakei2
L98、L128、L131、L142、L150粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis5
L151、L152屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium2
), ArticleFig(id=1320880216713577048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Resistances to eight antibiotics of lactic acid bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株编号万古霉素青霉素G头孢噻肟多粘菌素B卡那霉素链霉素四环素类红霉素
L230(S)35(S)25(S)30(S)28(S)15(S)25(S)30(S)
L4430(S)40(S)30(S)5(R)25(S)15(S)17(I)38(S)
L6623(S)33(S)27(S)21(S)33(S)20(S)35(S)34(S)
L7724(S)31(S)24(S)18(S)25(S)18(S)15(I)23(S)
L8125(S)29(S)18(I)0(R)0(R)0(R)0(R)25(S)
L8630(S)33(S)25(S)0(R)30(S)13(I)6(R)30(S)
L9228(S)35(S)30(S)0(R)23(S)10(R)29(S)35(S)
L9815(I)35(S)26(S)12(S)23(S)19(S)24(S)27(S)
L11120(S)30(S)25(S)13(S)25(S)18(S)23(S)30(S)
L12821(S)19(R)0(R)0(R)12(R)0(R)0(R)23(S)
L13112(R)21(R)0(R)0(R)18(S)0(R)0(R)23(S)
L15123(S)29(S)25(S)13(S)0(R)15(S)10(R)14(I)
), ArticleFig(id=1320880216780685913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

乳酸菌对8种抗生素的耐药实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株编号万古霉素青霉素G头孢噻肟多粘菌素B卡那霉素链霉素四环素类红霉素
L230(S)35(S)25(S)30(S)28(S)15(S)25(S)30(S)
L4430(S)40(S)30(S)5(R)25(S)15(S)17(I)38(S)
L6623(S)33(S)27(S)21(S)33(S)20(S)35(S)34(S)
L7724(S)31(S)24(S)18(S)25(S)18(S)15(I)23(S)
L8125(S)29(S)18(I)0(R)0(R)0(R)0(R)25(S)
L8630(S)33(S)25(S)0(R)30(S)13(I)6(R)30(S)
L9228(S)35(S)30(S)0(R)23(S)10(R)29(S)35(S)
L9815(I)35(S)26(S)12(S)23(S)19(S)24(S)27(S)
L11120(S)30(S)25(S)13(S)25(S)18(S)23(S)30(S)
L12821(S)19(R)0(R)0(R)12(R)0(R)0(R)23(S)
L13112(R)21(R)0(R)0(R)18(S)0(R)0(R)23(S)
L15123(S)29(S)25(S)13(S)0(R)15(S)10(R)14(I)
), ArticleFig(id=1320880216847794778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Main volatile flavors of pork soup fermented with different groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质种类阈值(μg/kg)ROAV≥0.1
L2L77S12L2-S120L77-S120
醛类
苯甲醛750.89−0.15−−0.15
2-十二烯醛1.406.06−−−−
壬醛1.10−34.757.02−27.07
十一醛12.500.93−−−−
反式-2-壬醛0.15100.00−−−−
酮类
2-壬酮41.000.823.74−0.321.64
环十五酮2.70−84.55−−−
2-十二酮42.00−−0.14−−
2-十一酮5.50−80.05−−35.83
5-甲基-2-己酮62.00−−0.12−−
醇类
1-辛烯-3-醇1.505.80−6.4513.6916.99
2-乙基己醇300.00−0.10−−−
芳樟醇0.2245.35100.00−100.00100.00
壬醇45.501.572.13−0.711.63
十六醇1100.00−0.24−−−
2-十一醇8.60−−−−4.46
十一醇700.000.13−−0.10−
庚醇5.40−−−2.54−
辛醇125.80−0.71−−−
月桂醇16.001.93−1.10−15.08
(E,Z)-金合欢醇87.00−0.45−−−
癸醇8.20−35.50−−−
酯类
γ-壬内酯9.70−1.46−−1.49
其他类
1-甲基萘7.505.651.637.5018.83
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚1000.00−0.12−−−
苯并噻唑80.00−−−0.12−
萘6.00−5.710.79−4.54
2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪0.04−−100.00−−
间甲酚15.00−−−−0.92
d-柠檬烯200.00−0.10−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320880216923292251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

发酵猪肉汤的主体挥发性风味化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质种类阈值(μg/kg)ROAV≥0.1
L2L77S12L2-S120L77-S120
醛类
苯甲醛750.89−0.15−−0.15
2-十二烯醛1.406.06−−−−
壬醛1.10−34.757.02−27.07
十一醛12.500.93−−−−
反式-2-壬醛0.15100.00−−−−
酮类
2-壬酮41.000.823.74−0.321.64
环十五酮2.70−84.55−−−
2-十二酮42.00−−0.14−−
2-十一酮5.50−80.05−−35.83
5-甲基-2-己酮62.00−−0.12−−
醇类
1-辛烯-3-醇1.505.80−6.4513.6916.99
2-乙基己醇300.00−0.10−−−
芳樟醇0.2245.35100.00−100.00100.00
壬醇45.501.572.13−0.711.63
十六醇1100.00−0.24−−−
2-十一醇8.60−−−−4.46
十一醇700.000.13−−0.10−
庚醇5.40−−−2.54−
辛醇125.80−0.71−−−
月桂醇16.001.93−1.10−15.08
(E,Z)-金合欢醇87.00−0.45−−−
癸醇8.20−35.50−−−
酯类
γ-壬内酯9.70−1.46−−1.49
其他类
1-甲基萘7.505.651.637.5018.83
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚1000.00−0.12−−−
苯并噻唑80.00−−−0.12−
萘6.00−5.710.79−4.54
2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪0.04−−100.00−−
间甲酚15.00−−−−0.92
d-柠檬烯200.00−0.10−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320880217032344156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Aroma classification of main volatile flavors of fermented pork soup with different groups (ROAV≥0.1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称香气描述含量(μg/kg)
L2L77S120L2-S120L77-S120
壬醛花香,强油脂气味−183.26±1.8782.72±0.95−135.93±1.65
反式-2-壬醛烤鸡肉,猪肉香172.88±3.14−−−−
2-十二烯醛柑橘香,脂肪气味77.20±0.58−−−−
2-壬酮油脂香,花香,水果香306.18±18.53736.01±20.65−91.20±0.95306.65±9.65
2-十二酮果香,橙皮香,脂香−−164.76±15.63−−
2-十一酮油脂香,芸香,桃子香−2110.96±78.94−−899.79±25.63
十六醇脂香,玫瑰香−1270.60±46.28−−−
壬醇玫瑰花香,脂香,橙香651.23±20.78465.66±9.63−224.89±6.63337.68±2.87
十一醇脂香,柠檬香436.95±21.52−−495.31±10.27−
月桂醇紫罗兰香,油脂香280.28±23.27−189.28±2.12−1101.86±50.12
辛醇油脂果香,草香−430.26±9.52−−−
癸醇玫瑰香,橙花香,油脂香−1395.71±49.52119.49±1.75−−
庚醇油脂气息,辛辣香,柑橘香−−−95.28±1.06−
油脂香型1924.726592.47556.24906.692781.91
γ-壬内酯椰子香,有杏仁香,可用于需有油脂气息的香精−67.72±0.73−−65.81±0.51
奶油香型067.720065.81
苯甲醛苦杏仁,樱桃及坚果香−550.19±17.46−−261.57±8.46
1-辛烯-3-醇蘑菇香,花香和干草香气79.15±0.68−103.66±1.56142.85±1.43116.35±1.56
芳樟醇铃兰香,玫瑰香,又有木香90.77±1.90105.49±1.53−153.00±1.57100.44±1.03
十一醛脂蜡香,花香105.23±2.96−−−−
(E,Z)-金合欢醇铃兰花香,木香−187.85±1.63−−−
d-柠檬烯橙子香,柠檬香−95.38±0.92−−−
2-乙基己醇淡淡的花香−137.72±1.67−−−
2-十一醇具有花香味−−−−175.12±2.43
花果香型275.141076.64103.66295.85653.49
1-甲基萘香樟木气味385.47±10.42−131.18±2.47391.09±7.84644.94±7.53
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚有特殊气味−558.00±17.53−−−
萘香樟木气味−164.16±1.9251.08±0.54−124.23±7.53
5-甲基-2-己酮令人愉快的气味−−181.74±1.79−−
2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪坚果花生香、面包香−−42.86±0.46−−
环十五酮麝香香气−1094.57±30.87−−−
间甲酚具有甜味−−−−63.14±0.61
苯并噻唑呈喹啉似气味−−−67.07±0.84−
总计2858.329553.551066.761660.694333.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320880217107841629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880209583260172, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

发酵猪肉汤主体挥发性风味物质的香型分类(ROAV≥0.1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称香气描述含量(μg/kg)
L2L77S120L2-S120L77-S120
壬醛花香,强油脂气味−183.26±1.8782.72±0.95−135.93±1.65
反式-2-壬醛烤鸡肉,猪肉香172.88±3.14−−−−
2-十二烯醛柑橘香,脂肪气味77.20±0.58−−−−
2-壬酮油脂香,花香,水果香306.18±18.53736.01±20.65−91.20±0.95306.65±9.65
2-十二酮果香,橙皮香,脂香−−164.76±15.63−−
2-十一酮油脂香,芸香,桃子香−2110.96±78.94−−899.79±25.63
十六醇脂香,玫瑰香−1270.60±46.28−−−
壬醇玫瑰花香,脂香,橙香651.23±20.78465.66±9.63−224.89±6.63337.68±2.87
十一醇脂香,柠檬香436.95±21.52−−495.31±10.27−
月桂醇紫罗兰香,油脂香280.28±23.27−189.28±2.12−1101.86±50.12
辛醇油脂果香,草香−430.26±9.52−−−
癸醇玫瑰香,橙花香,油脂香−1395.71±49.52119.49±1.75−−
庚醇油脂气息,辛辣香,柑橘香−−−95.28±1.06−
油脂香型1924.726592.47556.24906.692781.91
γ-壬内酯椰子香,有杏仁香,可用于需有油脂气息的香精−67.72±0.73−−65.81±0.51
奶油香型067.720065.81
苯甲醛苦杏仁,樱桃及坚果香−550.19±17.46−−261.57±8.46
1-辛烯-3-醇蘑菇香,花香和干草香气79.15±0.68−103.66±1.56142.85±1.43116.35±1.56
芳樟醇铃兰香,玫瑰香,又有木香90.77±1.90105.49±1.53−153.00±1.57100.44±1.03
十一醛脂蜡香,花香105.23±2.96−−−−
(E,Z)-金合欢醇铃兰花香,木香−187.85±1.63−−−
d-柠檬烯橙子香,柠檬香−95.38±0.92−−−
2-乙基己醇淡淡的花香−137.72±1.67−−−
2-十一醇具有花香味−−−−175.12±2.43
花果香型275.141076.64103.66295.85653.49
1-甲基萘香樟木气味385.47±10.42−131.18±2.47391.09±7.84644.94±7.53
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚有特殊气味−558.00±17.53−−−
萘香樟木气味−164.16±1.9251.08±0.54−124.23±7.53
5-甲基-2-己酮令人愉快的气味−−181.74±1.79−−
2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪坚果花生香、面包香−−42.86±0.46−−
环十五酮麝香香气−1094.57±30.87−−−
间甲酚具有甜味−−−−63.14±0.61
苯并噻唑呈喹啉似气味−−−67.07±0.84−
总计2858.329553.551066.761660.694333.52
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适用于肉制品发酵的乳酸菌的筛选与性能评价
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苏莉娅 1 , 杨梓垚 2 , 陈诗宇 1 , 杨树婷 1 , 段友琴 1 , 付雨 1 , 陈娟 1, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(15): 204-214
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (15) : 204 -214
适用于肉制品发酵的乳酸菌的筛选与性能评价
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苏莉娅1 , 杨梓垚2, 陈诗宇1, 杨树婷1, 段友琴1, 付雨1, 陈娟1, *
作者信息
  • 1西南民族大学药学与食品学院,四川成都 610225
  • 2铜仁市农业农村局,贵州铜仁 554300
通讯作者:
陈娟(1980−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品微生物与食品安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

苏莉娅(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

Screening and Evaluation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Suitable for the Production of Fermented Meat Products
Liya SU1 , Ziyao YANG2, Shiyu CHEN1, Shuting YANG1, Youqin DUAN1, Yu FU1, Juan CHEN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Pharmacy and Food, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
  • 2Tongren Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tongren 554300, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070114
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本研究从传统发酵食品中分离鉴定优势乳酸菌,评价分离菌株的发酵性能和安全性,进一步以猪肉汤为基质对优良乳酸菌发酵产生的挥发性风味物质进行分析。结果表明,从30份发酵肉制品和10份浆水样品中共分离鉴定出10种、20株乳酸菌,根据肉制品发酵剂筛选标准,得到产酶性能、产酸能力、耐受性能等各项性能优异且安全的植物乳杆菌L77、乳酸肠球菌L2、肠膜明串珠菌L66、清酒乳杆菌L111和粪肠球菌L98。将L77、L2分别与木糖葡萄球菌S120单独和复配发酵猪肉汤,发现L77组和L77-S120组无论是主体风味化合物(ROAV≥0.1)的数量还是含量均高于其余组别,而且呈油脂香和奶香的化合物数量和含量也更高。可见,L77单独发酵或L77-S120复配发酵不仅能够增加挥发性风味物质的数量和含量,还能够使典型风味更加突出,有望作为肉制品的潜在功能发酵剂。

乳酸菌  /  发酵性能  /  安全性能  /  挥发性风味物质  /  肉品发酵剂

The predominant lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from some traditional fermented foods, and fermentation performances and safety properties of the isolated strains were evaluated, then the production of volatile flavor compounds from pork broth fermented with excellent strains was further analyzed in this study. A total of 10 species, 20 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from 30 portions of fermented meat products and 10 portions of Jiangshui. Four strains of lactic acid bacteria were screened out according to the screening criteria of starter culture for fermented meat product, including Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L77, Enterococcus lactis L2, Leuconostoc mesenteroides L66, Lactilactobacillus sakei L111 and Enterococcus faecalis L98. After that, L77 and L2 were fermented individually and simultaneously with Staphylococcus xylosus S120 in pork broth, respectively. The number and content of main flavor compounds (ROAV≥0.1) in L77 group and L77-S120 group were higher than those in other groups. Furthermore, the number and content of aroma compounds generating lipid aroma and milky aroma in L77 group and L77-S120 group were also higher than those in other groups. These results indicated that L77 or L77-S120 fermentation not only increased the amounts of volatile flavor compounds, but also strengthened lipid aroma and milky aroma which were typic characteristics for fermented meat. Therefore, L77 and in combination with S120 could be used as functional starter cultures for the production of fermented meat products.

lactic acid bacteria  /  fermentation performance  /  safety property  /  volatile flavor compounds  /  starter culture for fermented meat products
苏莉娅, 杨梓垚, 陈诗宇, 杨树婷, 段友琴, 付雨, 陈娟. 适用于肉制品发酵的乳酸菌的筛选与性能评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 204 -214 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070114
Liya SU, Ziyao YANG, Shiyu CHEN, Shuting YANG, Youqin DUAN, Yu FU, Juan CHEN. Screening and Evaluation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Suitable for the Production of Fermented Meat Products[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 204 -214 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070114
乳酸菌是指能以碳水化合物为原料产生大量乳酸的一类兼性厌氧型细菌的总称[1],常存在于各种发酵食品中,如发酵肉制品、泡菜、酸乳、海产品、发酵蔬菜水果等[2−3],具有调节肠道菌群、增强免疫力、降低胆固醇等健康功效[4]。乳酸菌是从发酵肉制品中最早被分离出来的微生物之一[5]。传统发酵肉制品存在发酵周期长、产品品质不稳定及潜在安全风险高等问题。将乳酸菌作为发酵剂应用于发酵肉类产品,不仅能够有效控制腐败菌和致病菌的增殖[6],提高产品的感官品质和安全性,延长保质期[7−9],还能够产生乳酸[10],降解肉中的蛋白质,改善肉制品的质地和口感,促进消化吸收[11],赋予发酵肉制品特有的色泽和风味,同时能够减少生物胺和亚硝酸盐的含量。目前,植物乳杆菌、清酒乳杆菌、弯曲乳杆菌等是被广泛应用于肉制品发酵的乳酸菌菌种[12−13]。
国内外对于乳酸菌的研究多集中在其发酵、产酸等性能上,当乳酸菌作为发酵剂使用时,这些性能有助于发酵肉制品风味的改善,赋予肉制品独特的香气特征。米瑞芳等[14]研究发现,乳酸杆菌和魏斯氏菌有助于促进酸肉中挥发性风味物质如醇类、酯类和酸类的生成,从而改善其风味品质。Jiang等[15]研究发现,接种乳酸片球菌和米根霉菌的发酵羊肉香肠中醛类和酯类风味物质含量均有所增加。Li等[16]分别接种植物乳杆菌H30-2和乳酸片球菌H30-21到发酵鱼糜中,发现接种植物乳杆菌H30-2能够促进戊醇、辛醇和壬醇等风味物质的产生,乳酸片球菌H30-211有利于醛类物质的产生。Zheng等[17]研究了接种植物乳杆菌YR07、清酒乳杆菌L.48对发酵香肠风味的影响,发现清酒乳杆菌L.48能促进3-羟基-2-丁酮、己醛和1-辛烯-3-醇等特征风味质的生成。可见,目前大多数研究集中在乳酸菌改善发酵肉制品的整体风味特征,使整体香气更加丰富、浓郁上。然而,缺乏针对性地筛选高产发酵肉制品典型风味油脂香和奶油香的乳酸菌及其应用的研究报道。
本研究从发酵肉制品和浆水中分离乳酸菌,分析分离菌株的产酶性能、耐受性能、产酸能力和安全性等各项肉制品发酵剂性能指标,筛选安全且性能优良的菌株,将筛选出的乳酸菌单独接种和与葡萄球菌复配接种发酵猪肉汤,测定产生的挥发性风味物质,从而得出产香性能优异,能够增加发酵肉制品典型风味油脂香和奶油香的发酵组合,为肉制品功能发酵剂的开发提供理论依据。
发酵食品40份 其中12份干发酵猪肉香肠、5份干腌猪肉、5份干腌猪排、2份干腌鸭肉、6份烟熏猪肉采集于四川、贵州、安徽,10份浆水采集于甘肃省天水市(家庭手工制作的浆水);猪肉 四川省成都市武侯区洗面桥巷菜市场;伊利高蛋白脱脂奶粉 市售;金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)ATCC 43300、肠出血性大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7(Escherichia coli O157:H7)CICC 21530 中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心;木糖葡萄球菌S120、表皮葡萄球菌S125 保藏于西南民族大学药学与食品学院微生物菌种保藏中心;1 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH8.0)、0.5 mol/L EDTA(pH8.0)、TE缓冲液、50×TAE(电泳缓冲液)、1%琼脂糖凝胶、双蒸水(ddH2O)、Taq PCR Master Mix(2X,blue dye)、DNA Marker D (100~2000 bp)、TS-GelRed核酸凝胶染料(10000×水溶液)、16S rRNA通用引物 生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;丙酮、盐酸、亚硝酸钠、明胶 成都市科龙化工厂;环己酮 成都化夏化学试剂有限公司;三丁酸甘油酯琼脂基础 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;三丁酸甘油酯、聚乙烯醇、硝酸盐还原酶试剂盒、直接蓝71 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;牛肉粉、蛋白胨 赛默飞世尔科技公司;葡萄糖 福晨(天津)化学试剂有限公司;无菌脱纤维羊血 平睿生物科技(北京)有限公司;对二甲氨基苯甲醛 天津大茂化学试剂厂;乙醚 四川西陇科学有限公司;冻干兔血浆 青岛海博生物科技有限公司;抗生素 杭州微生物有限公司;无菌棉棒 稳健医疗有限公司MRS琼脂培养基(MRS Agar,MRSA)、MRSB肉汤培养基(MRS Broth,MRSB)、 甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基(Mannitol Salt Agar,MSA)、胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤培养基(Trypticase Soy Broth,TSB)、缓冲蛋白胨水(Buffered Peptone Water,BPW)、平板计数琼脂培养基(Plate Count Agar,PCA) 青岛海博生物技术有限公司。
MLS-3030CH高温高压灭菌锅 日本三洋电器股份有限公司;ZWY-240恒温培养振荡器 上海智城分析仪器制造有限公司;HH-6数显恒温水浴锅 国华(常州)仪器制造有限公司;AL204分析天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;TC-96/G/H(b)C基因扩增仪 杭州博日科技有限公司;DHP-9162D电热恒温培养箱 上海齐欣科学仪器有限公司;UV1810S紫外可见分光光度计 上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;pH-4C+酸度计 成都世纪方舟科技有限公司;LDO-9240A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海龙跃仪器设备有限公司;Trace DSQ型气相色谱-质谱(Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer,GC-MS)联用仪(配置Triplus自动进样器) 美国Thermo公司。
取10 g样品加入90 mL缓冲蛋白胨水中,37 ℃,150 r/min培养1 h,取上清液依次梯度稀释至10−3。吸取10−1、10−2、10−3三个梯度的样液进行MRSA培养基涂布,37 ℃培养48 h。根据胡此海等[18]的方法,观察菌落的大小、形状、颜色、是否凸起等特征,进行形态学观察鉴定,初步认定为疑似乳酸菌。挑取做好标记的单个菌落划线于MRSA培养基上进行纯化,挑取纯菌落,编号后接种于MRSB培养基,37 ℃,150 r/min培养48 h,以菌液:70%甘油=1:1混合,−80 ℃保存,备用。
参考Chen等[19]的方法,并稍作修改。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min,95 ℃变性40 s,55 ℃退火50 s,72 ℃延伸40 s,35个循环,最后72 ℃保持10 min,PCR产物4 ℃保存。将PCR扩增产物送至北京擎科生物科技有限公司进行双向测序,将得到的拼接序列输入NCBI的GenBank数据库中,采用BLAST程序进行同源性比对分析[20]。选取同源性大于98%的模式菌株的16S rRNA基因序列,使用MEGA 7.0软件构建系统发育树,最终进行菌种鉴定。
将−80 ℃保存的乳酸菌菌株取出于室温解冻,以2%的接种量接种至MRSB培养基中,37 ℃,150 r/min振荡培养24~48 h。划线至MRSA培养基上,培养出单菌落,备用。
参照Chen等[19]的方法,配制产硝酸盐还原酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶培养基。
硝酸盐还原酶实验:挑取乳酸菌单菌落接种于硝酸盐培养基,37 ℃培养24~48 h。吸取100 μL菌液加入六孔白瓷反应板中,滴加100 μL硝酸盐还原试剂,观察实验结果,直接变红为阳性,否则为阴性。若实验呈阴性反应,在白瓷板上加入少许锌粉,立即观察实验结果,若出现红色即鉴定为假阳性(阴性),若依旧不变色则鉴定为阳性。根据变红的深浅定义菌株硝酸盐还原酶活力的大小,粉红色“+”、玫红色“++”、血红色“+++”、红褐色“++++”;未加锌粉时不变色,加锌粉后变红“−”。
蛋白酶、脂肪酶实验:挑取乳酸菌单菌落,分别点种于蛋白酶、脂肪酶培养基平板上,37 ℃培养3~4 d,观察透明圈产生情况,以菌落中心为圆心,并分别量取菌落半径和透明圈半径(单位:cm),以二者半径的差值定义菌株蛋白/脂肪酶活力的大小,0≤差值≤0.1“+”、差值为0.2“++”、差值为0.3“+++”、差值为0.4“++++”、差值≥0.5“+++++”、无透明圈“−”。
参照Chen等[19]的方法,配制耐低温、高酸、高食盐和高亚硝酸盐培养基。
耐受性实验:挑取乳酸菌单菌落分别接种于耐酸(pH4.48~4.52)、耐食盐(60 g/kg)、耐低温(10 ℃)、耐亚硝酸盐(150 mg/kg)培养基中,37 ℃,150 r/min培养24~48 h,根据培养基浑浊程度定义菌株耐受能力的强弱,阳性为“+、++、+++”,阴性为“−”。
将分离的乳酸菌接入MRSB培养基中,37 ℃下培养24 h,以不接菌的培养基为空白对照,每2 h测定培养液的吸光度(OD600 nm)和pH。
参照Chen等[19]的方法进行溶血实验,并进行结果判定。挑取单菌落划线于血平板上,37 ℃倒置培养48 h,观察是否溶血,以β溶血的金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 43300和α溶血的表皮葡萄球菌S125为阳性对照。若菌落周围出现草绿色溶血圈,则判定为α溶血;若菌落周围出现透明溶血圈,则判定为β溶血,α和β溶血现象为阳性结果。若未出现溶血圈,则判断为γ溶血(即不溶血),为阴性结果。
参照王琪等[21]的方法,挑取单菌落以穿刺接种于提前制好并冷却凝固的明胶培养基,37 ℃培养48 h。培养结束后置于4 ℃冰箱内,放置2 h。取出观察实验现象,若培养基融化,则判定为阳性,否则判定为阴性。以金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 43300为阳性对照,接入无菌水的明胶培养基为阴性对照。
参照王琪等[21]的方法进行检测,挑取单菌落接种于蛋白胨水培养基中,37 ℃培养48 h,滴加4~5滴乙醚,振荡,静置,再滴加吲哚试剂。如果乙醚层变红,则为阳性,否则为阴性。以大肠埃希氏菌CICC 21530为阳性对照,以接入无菌水的蛋白胨水培养基为阴性对照。
参照杨埔[22]的方法进行检测,将活化后的菌株涂布于含有5 mg/mL直接蓝71平板上,37 ℃培养72 h,观察是否有水解圈的产生。
根据美国临床和试验室标准化研究所制定的《抗菌药物敏感性试验执行标准》(2021年版)评价试验菌株对抗生素的耐药性,利用药敏纸片琼脂扩散法(K-B法)对乳酸菌进行耐药性实验。挑取单菌落于无菌生理盐水中,使用涡旋振荡器混匀实验菌液,调节菌液浓度1×107 CFU/mL。将菌液均匀涂布于MH琼脂平板上,静置片刻,将药敏纸片贴于培养基上,37 ℃倒置培养20 h,测量并记录各药敏纸片的抑菌圈直径。
参照吴双慧等[23]的方法,挑取乳酸肠球菌L2、植物乳杆菌L77与木糖葡萄球菌S120的单菌落,将L2、L77分别与S120以十字交叉的形式划线于PCA平板上,观察交叉处是否有菌落生长。
将肥瘦比为1:4的猪肉,煮沸40 min,煮沸后的肉汤用纱布初步过滤,控制滤出液为300 mL。再将滤液用定性滤纸过滤两次,以澄清滤液,于121 ℃下高压灭菌15 min,得到无菌猪肉汤。
a. 样品的制备:分别吸取乳酸肠球菌L2、植物乳杆菌L7、木糖葡萄球菌S120的新鲜菌液2 mL加入无菌猪肉汤培养基中(2%接种量),分别吸取L2和S120各1 mL,L77和S120各1 mL加入无菌猪肉汤中,37 ℃,150 r/min,发酵18 h。各取5 mL发酵液,加入20 mL顶空瓶中,随后加入10 μL内标环己酮(浓度为0.475 μg/μL,25 μL的环己酮用丙酮定容至50 mL),用压盖器将顶空瓶密封。
b. 顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱分析方法(HS-SPME/GC-MS):HS-SPME条件:首先将盛装有样品的顶空瓶于80 ℃恒温预孵化10 min,然后用50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PEMS萃取针于80 ℃条件下萃取30 min,最后将萃取针在进样口230 ℃解吸2 min。
GC条件:使用TG-WAXMSB极性色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm),不分流模式,进样口温度230 ℃,升温程序:初始柱温40 ℃,维持3 min,再以5 ℃/min的升温速率升温至210 ℃,维持5 min,载气为氦气(纯度>99.999%),流速1 mL/min。
MS条件:接口温度210 ℃,传输线温度230 ℃,电压1.2 kV,全扫描模式,质量扫描范围40~500 m/z,扫描时间2 s,离子源温度250 ℃,EI离子源,电子能量70 eV。
c. 挥发性风味物质定性与定量分析:参照吴双慧等[23]的方法,由计算机自动检索(NIST 08)进行定性分析,结合Xcalibur软件系统进行手动对照检索,匹配度(SI)和反匹配度(RSI)要求均大于800,可能性大于80%。依据化合物的峰面积比值与含量成正比的原理进行定量分析,计算公式如下:
$\rm C=\frac{A_X\times C_0\times V\times 1000}{A_0\times m} $
式中:C为测定物质的质量浓度(μg/kg);Ax为测定物质的峰面积(AU·min);C0为内标物浓度 (µg/μL);V为内标物进样体积 (μL);A0为添加的内标物峰面积 (AU·min);m为测定样品质量 (g)。
d. 关键风味化合物的评定:参照刘登勇等[24]的方法,利用相对气味活度值(Relative Odor Activity Value,ROAV)法确定发酵肉汤中的关键挥发性风味物质。公式如下:
$ \rm OAV=\frac{C}{T} $
$ \rm ROAV_{i}=\frac{{OAV_i}}{{OAV_{max}}}\times 100 $
式中:OAV为气味活度值 (Odor Activity Value,OAV);C 为所测定的挥发性化合物的质量浓度(μg/kg);T为相同物质的风味阈值(μg/kg);ROAVi为某组分的相对气味活度值;OAVi为某组分的气味活度值,OAVmax为对样品总体风味贡献最大的组分的气味活度值。ROAVi≥1的组分为所分析样品的关键风味化合物,0.1≤ROAVi<1的组分对样品的总体风味具有重要的修饰作用。
所有实验均重复测定三次,实验结果以“平均值±标准偏差”表示,采用Excel 2019对挥发性风味物质数据进行统计分析,采用Origin 2018作图。
从四川、贵州、安徽、甘肃4个地区采集的30份发酵肉制品、10份浆水中,采用MRSA平板分离、纯化,剔除形态相似的菌落,挑取形态呈圆形,乳白色,表面光滑,湿润,在平板上呈突起状,边缘整齐的疑似乳酸菌70株。将分离菌株的16S rRNA扩增产物拼接结果进行同源性比对分析。根据16S rDNA系统发育树鉴定结果可知,菌株L111与清酒广布乳杆菌(Lactilactobacillus sakei)聚在同一个分支上,且序列比对显示同源性达99.73%。L77与植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)在同一个分支上,同源性达99.86%。L98与粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)聚在同一分支上,同源性达99.59%。因此,鉴定L111为清酒广布乳杆菌,L77为植物乳杆菌,L98为粪肠球菌。对分离得到的70株疑似乳酸菌进行序列比对分析,其中有20株为乳酸菌,鉴定结果见表1。
具有硝酸盐还原酶活力的菌株,能将硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐,经一系列反应,与肌红蛋白反应形成亚硝基肌红蛋白,使发酵肉制品具有持久、鲜艳的红色[25]。如图1A、图1B所示,未加锌粉前,加入硝酸盐还原试剂后,L81、L150、L151变成了红色,其余菌株均未变色,此时变色菌株可直接判定为阳性结果,并根据变红深浅定义菌株的硝酸盐还原酶活力大小。20株乳酸菌中,L2、L12、L44、L77、L84、L85、L86、L87、L92、L98、L111、L131、L142、L152为阴性(−),不产硝酸盐还原酶,L81和L128酶活力较弱(+),L30和L66酶活力中等(++),L151酶活力较强(+++),L150酶活力最强(++++)。所有测试菌株发酵性能实验结果见附表1(附表1,详见本刊官网 http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。
蛋白酶能使蛋白质分解为多肽和游离氨基酸,从而使肉类产品中的香味物质直接或间接地被释放出来。脂肪酶则能促进脂肪水解,减少肉类脂肪的含量,提高脂肪中饱和脂肪酸含量,从而间接地参与肉类中的香味成分的积累[26]。根据水解圈半径与菌株半径之差,可将蛋白酶和脂肪酶酶活力实验结果分为5个等级。图1C为菌株蛋白酶实验结果,可以看出无蛋白酶活力的乳酸菌有2株,分别是L30和L151,剩余菌株中L12、L44、L66、L81、L85、L87、L98、L111、L142、L152酶活力较弱(+),L2、L84、L92、L131酶活力一般(++),L77、L128、L150酶活力中等(+++),L86酶活力较好(++++),没有酶活力很强(+++++)的菌株。可见20株菌株中18株具有蛋白酶活力,大部分受试乳酸菌都具有蛋白酶活力,但酶活力普遍不强。图1D为菌株脂肪酶实验结果,由结果可知L30、L44、L77、L85、L86、L87、L92、L128、L142、L151、L152均无脂肪酶活力,剩余菌株中L84、L111、L150酶活力较弱(+),L12、L98、L131酶活力一般(++),L66、L81酶活力中等(+++),L2酶活力较好(++++),没有酶活力很强(+++++)的菌株。可知20株菌株中只有9株具有脂肪酶活力,且酶活力都不强。
肉制品在发酵过程中pH会有所下降,大部分肉制品如发酵香肠,初期pH一般在6.0左右,根据产品类型不同,发酵终期pH通常在4.5~5.5左右。其次发酵肉制品的晾晒环境温度不宜太高,否则容易发生腐败变质,通常在10~15 ℃之间[6]。发酵肉制品的终产品中,由于水分丧失,食盐的含量一般高达6%[27]。发酵肉制品还需要添加亚硝酸盐起到发色和抑菌的作用,但我国食品添加剂使用标准中明确规定发酵肉制品中亚硝酸盐的添加量不超过150 mg/kg。因此要求筛选的菌株需具有耐酸性能、耐低温能力、耐受6%的NaCl、有较强的耐亚硝酸盐能力,无论是在酸性、低温环境、高盐还是高亚硝酸盐的条件下都能够生长,发挥其本身的作用。
图2为乳酸菌在各极端条件下的生长情况,根据培养基的浑浊程度,培养基越浑浊,耐受能力越强,以此对受试菌株的耐受能力进行分级。由耐酸结果可知,L30、L44、L84、L85、L98、L128、L142、L150、L152均不耐酸,L12、L81、L87、L92、L131的耐酸能力较弱(+),L2的耐酸能力中等(++),L66、L77、L86、L111、L151耐酸能力很强(+++)。受试菌株中有一半具有耐酸能力,其中L77的耐酸性能很强,产酸性能也优于其余菌株,说明L77可能具有较好的发酵能力。由耐低温结果可知,L30、L84、L128、L150、L152不耐低温,L81、L85、L98、L142耐低温能力较弱(+),L12、L92、L131耐低温能力中等(++),L2、L44、L66、L77、L86、L87、L111、L151耐低温能力很强(+++)。具有耐低温性能的乳酸菌能占到总菌株数的75%,且耐低温能力很强的菌株占比最多。由耐食盐结果可知,仅有L44、L84、L87、L92不具有耐盐能力,L12、L85、L142、L152耐盐能力较弱(+),L98、L128、L150耐盐能力中等(++),L2、L30、L66、L77、L81、L86、L111、L131、L151耐盐能力很强(+++)。具有耐盐性能的乳酸菌共有16株,占菌株总数的80%,且一半的菌株都具有很强的耐盐能力。由耐NaNO2结果可知,所有菌株均能耐受150 mg/kg的NaNO2,L12、L66、L77、L150耐受能力较弱(+),L98、L152耐受能力中等(++),其余菌株L2、L30、L44、L81、L84、L85、L86、L87、L92、L111、L128、L131、L142、L151的耐受能力均很强(+++)。综合各项耐受能力结果来看,L86、L111、L151的耐受能力最强,在四种极端环境下耐受能力均能达到最高等级(+++),L2、L66、L77的耐受能力次之,但也能在三种极端环境下达到最高等级(+++)。
在发酵香肠加工过程中,乳酸菌的生长繁殖使得香肠的pH迅速下降,抑制有害微生物生长,从而使得产品具有良好的风味和微生物安全性。产酸能力是衡量乳酸菌作为发酵剂菌种性能优良的重要指标之一。实验测定了20株乳酸菌的生长和产酸能力,图3为乳酸菌的生长曲线和产酸曲线。结果发现,20株乳酸菌中大部分乳酸菌培养液pH集中在4.0~5.0之间,并且大部分菌株生长能力相差不大,24 h时OD600 nm集中在1.0~2.0之间。其中L84和L142产酸能力最差,最低pH均高于5.0,L77的产酸能力最强,pH最低时低于4.0,并且同样时间下L77的生长能力最强。
根据前述发酵性能实验结果,乳酸菌L30、L84、L85、L87、L150和L152不具有较好的耐受能力,L142和L12产酸能力太弱,因此以上菌株不作为备选菌株,最终筛选出12株乳酸菌进行安全性能检测。图4A、图4B、图4C所示是乳酸菌的溶血实验结果,受试的12株乳酸菌的溶血实验结果均为阴性;图4D是乳酸菌在明胶培养基中的实验结果,阳性对照组发生了明显的液化现象,而实验菌株仍然保持凝固状态,受试的12株乳酸菌均未出现明胶液化现象,说明这些菌株均不会产生明胶酶来分解明胶;图4E为乳酸菌吲哚实验结果,阳性对照组液面出现了明显的玫瑰红色,而实验菌株和阴性对照均无颜色变化,受试的12株乳酸菌结果均为阴性,说明这些菌株不会代谢色氨酸产生吲哚;图4F是乳酸菌偶氮还原酶实验结果,所有受试菌株均未出现透明圈,结果为阴性。由上述结果可知,所选12株乳酸菌全部通过安全性检测。所有测试菌株安全性能实验结果详见附表2(附表2,详见本刊官网 http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。
图5为植物乳杆菌L77耐药性实验现象,表2为12株乳酸菌的耐药实验结果。在12株菌株中,对万古霉素耐药的菌株有1株(8.33%),对青霉素G耐药的菌株有2株(16.67%),对头孢噻肟耐药的有2株(16.67%),对多粘菌素B耐药的有6株(50%),对卡那霉素耐药的有3株(25%),对链霉素耐药的有4株(33.33%),对四环素类耐药的菌株有5株(41.67%),对红霉素均表现为不耐药。其中,L44只对一种抗生素耐药,L86、L92、L151为双重耐药,L81、L128、L131为多重耐药,L2、L66、L77、L98、L111对所有抗生素均不耐药。可见受试的大部分乳酸菌对8种抗生素表现出不同程度的耐药性,受试乳酸菌对多粘菌素B、链霉素和四环素类耐药性较高。在乳酸菌的安全性评价中,耐药性是重要的指标,由于目前抗生素的大量使用,许多乳酸菌对抗生素产生了抗性,当人们食用了携带耐药基因的菌株发酵的肉制品,这些耐药基因可能会进入人体内,使人体携带抗药基因,对人体健康造成威胁。许女等[28]对分离的乳酸菌进行耐药性实验,发现菌株对所有测试抗生素均呈不同程度的耐药性,其中对万古霉素、卡那霉素、链霉素和四环素类的耐药性较强。可见,乳酸菌的耐药性已成为食品安全的严重隐患,筛选不具备耐药性的菌株应用于食品实际发酵显得更加重要。实验初步确定菌株L2、L77、L66、L98、L111为抗生素敏感型菌株,可用于后续发酵实验。
对发酵肉制品风味有贡献的物质包括醛类、酮类、醇类、酯类、酸类和其他类。这些风味物质主要是由脂质氧化分解、蛋白质降解代谢以及碳水化合物的分解产生[29],能赋予发酵肉制品不同的独特风味。通过发酵性能、安全性能及对发酵肉制品最重要的产酸能力评价综合筛选出相对优势的植物乳杆菌L77和乳酸肠球菌L2,与实验室前期筛选得到的木糖葡萄球菌S120复配接种猪肉汤,评价菌株作为发酵剂在发酵肉制品实际生产中对风味的影响。将L2和L77分别与S102进行拮抗实验,发现其均不产生拮抗作用,于是将3种单菌和2种复配组合分别接种猪肉汤中进行发酵。产生的风味化合物按种类主要分为醛类、酮类、醇类、酯类和其他类,其中醛类11种、酮类9种、醇类20种、酯类4种、其他类14种。L2、L77、S120、L2-S120、L77-S120检出的挥发性风味化合物分别为21、22、20、17、23种;L77、L77-S120的物质总含量显著高于其他三组菌株。综合这两个指标来看,L77、L77-S120无论在风味物质数量还是含量方面都优于其他三组。
然而,仅通过整体风味化合物的含量和数量来评价菌株的产香能力有一定的局限性,整体风味化合物的数量和含量只能说明产生的风味化合物的丰富程度。挥发性物质对发酵肉制品的风味贡献作用主要由浓度和阈值决定[24]。此外,在肉品发酵过程中会产生多种不同气味类型的风味物质,由于发酵肉制品的典型风味是油脂香和奶油香,而花香、果香及坚果香、蘑菇香等其他香味对发酵肉的主体风味而言并不是特别重要。因此,具备良好的产油脂香和/或奶油香能力是优良肉品发酵剂的基本性能。因此,采用相对活度阈值法进一步分析,确定各菌株发酵产生的关键性风味化合物(ROAV≥1)和修饰性风味化合物(0.1≤ROAV<1),结果如表3所示。在此基础上,对风味有贡献的主体风味化合物(ROAV≥0.1)进行香型分类,如表4所示。
由表3可以看出,不同主体化合物之间存在差异,L2、L77、S120、L2-S120、L77-S120发酵产生的主体挥发性风味物质(ROAV≥0.1)的数量和含量分别为10种(2858.32 μg/kg)、16种(9553.55 μg/kg)、8种(1066.76 μg/kg)、8种(1660.69 μg/kg)、13种(4333.52 μg/kg),L77组在主体挥发性风味物质的数量和含量上均远高于其他组别。刘睿茜等[30]的研究也发现,加入植物乳杆菌CMRC 19的羊肉发酵液挥发性风味物质总含量明显增加,同时具有脂肪香化合物(如壬醛、癸醛等)的含量显著高于不接菌自然发酵组。
对于发酵肉制品来说,其典型香味特征是油脂香和奶油香,将主体风味化合物按照油脂香、奶油香、花果香和其他香四种香型进行分类,结果如表4所示。各组别中呈油脂香、奶油香的化合物的数量和含量分别为L2组6种(1924.72 μg/kg)、L77组8种(6660.19 μg/kg)、S120组4种(556.24 μg/kg)、L2-S120组4种(906.69 μg/kg)、L77-S120组6种(2847.72 μg/kg),可见L77组和L77-S120组在典型挥发性风味物质的含量和数量上仍占有优势,发酵肉汤具有更突出的油脂香和奶香风味。吴双慧等[23]在研究中也发现,将植物乳杆菌与木糖葡萄球菌复配用于发酵香肠,复配组中油脂香和奶油香化合物的数量和含量(10种,2039.59 μg/kg)高于空白组(7种,1249.57 μg/kg),同时复配组中ROAV≥0.1的挥发性物质的数量(20种)也高于空白组(12种)。
在具有油脂香和奶油香的化合物中,L77组和L77-S120组的壬醛、2-壬酮、2-十一酮、γ-壬内酯含量均明显高于其他组别,且十六醇和辛醇仅在L77组检出。王雍雍等[31]将植物乳杆菌(Lp10、LpN)单独和与腐生葡萄球菌(Ss)复配发酵香肠,结果表明单独接菌组Lp10的脂肪香化合物(壬醛、癸醛、辛醇)含量为103.68 μg/kg,复配组Lp10+LpN+Ss为127.33 μg/kg,均显著高于不接菌组的53.27 μg/kg。与本研究中L77组和L77-S120组猪肉汤的油脂香和奶油香风味明显优于其他组别的结果相似。
本研究从四川、贵州、安徽、甘肃采集的40份传统发酵食品中分离鉴定得到20株乳酸菌,经鉴定隶属于10个种。通过对分离菌株进行发酵性能检测,筛选得到产酶性能、耐受性能、产酸能力优异的菌株12株,对其进行溶血、吲哚、偶氮还原酶、明胶液化和耐药性的安全性评价,表现安全的菌株有L2、L77、L66、L98、L111共5株。其中乳酸肠球菌L2综合发酵性能最好,植物乳杆菌L77的产酸能力和生产能力最强,挑选菌株L77、L2,分别与木糖葡萄球菌S120单独和复配接种猪肉汤进行发酵,结果显示,L77组和L77-S120组发酵产生的主体挥发性风味物质(ROAV≥0.1)的数量和含量分别为16种(9553.55 μg/kg)、13种(4333.52 μg/kg),典型香味特征油脂香、奶油香的化合物的数量和含量分别为8种(6660.19 μg/kg)、6种(2847.72 μg/kg),可见无论是主体挥发性风味物质还是典型香味特征,两组的数量和含量均远高于其他组别。最终筛选到风味特征优良的L77组和L77-S120组,为实际肉制品发酵提供有价值的参考。研究结果为挖掘发酵肉制品中有益微生物、开发肉制品功能性发酵剂提供了科学参考。

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14
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ZHENG Shasha, WANG Chunyu, HU Yingying, et al. Enhancement of fermented sausage quality driven by mixed starter cultures: Elucidating the perspective of flavor profile and microbial communities[J]. Food Research International, 2024, 178: 113951.
18
胡此海, 杨絮, 郭全友, 等. 萝卜泡菜母水中乳酸菌分离鉴定与发酵特性比较[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2023, 49(23): 111−118, I0001. [HU Cihai, YANG Xu, GUO Quanyou, et al. Isolation, identification, and fermentation characteristics of lactic acid bacteria from the radish pickles brines[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2023, 49(23): 111−118, I0001.]
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CHEN Juan, ZHANG Jingbin, YANG Ziyao, et al. Characterization of indigenous coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from Chinese spontaneously fermented meat products[J]. Microbiological Research, 2022, 263: 127160.
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21
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23
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24
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30
刘睿茜, 熊苏玥, 戚彪, 等. 植物乳植杆菌和发酵温度对半发酵羊肉干风味品质形成的影响[J]. 肉类研究, 2025, 39(7): 1−12. [LIU Ruiqian, XIONG Suyue, QI Biao, et al. Effect of lactiplantibacillus plantarum and fermentation temperature on the flavor formation of semi-fermented lamb jerky[J]. Meat Research, 2025, 39(7): 1−12.]
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31
王雍雍, 陈磊, 魏从娇, 等. 功能菌株复配对发酵香肠抗氧化特性及风味的作用[J]. 食品科学, 2023, 44(22): 149−157. [WANG Yongyong, CHEN Lei, WEI Congjiao, et al. Effect of functional multi-strain starter culture on inhibiting protein oxidation and improving flavor in fermented sausage[J]. Food Science, 2023, 44(22): 149−157.]
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2026年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070114
  • 接收时间:2025-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-10
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    1西南民族大学药学与食品学院,四川成都 610225
    2铜仁市农业农村局,贵州铜仁 554300

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陈娟(1980−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品微生物与食品安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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