Article(id=1320880186283897624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060326, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750867200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792851977176, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792851977176, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792851977176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792851977176, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=77, endPage=86, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880186493612825, articleId=1320880186283897624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Activity Screening of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Peptides from Hemp Protein, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the enzymatic production of bioactive peptides from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein with potent pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity. Through a comparative evaluation of proteases, papain yielded a hydrolysate with the highest PL inhibitory activity and was consequently selected for process optimization using Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: enzyme-to-substrate ratio, 4.3%; hydrolysis temperature, 62 ℃, and pH6.1, resulting in 57.06%±1.64% PL inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.12±0.31 mg/mL. The hydrolysate exhibited an irregular amorphous microstructure, accompanied by a reduced average molecular weight and an increased proportion of 1~3 kDa peptides. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the β-sheet proportion of the protein decreased significantly, while the α-helix and β-turn proportions increased remarkably. Additionally, the levels of amino acids such as glycine, alanine, proline, serine, and arginine underwent significant changes. A total of 1195 peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS, from which 15 candidate peptides (with sequences FEW, LLFSP, LAF, LLF, FYL, LSF, VLF, LLSF, LFL, LFY, LVF, LFR, LFF, LLLF, and FLF) were screened based on two criteria: relative content >1% and PeptideRanker score ≥0.6. The cumulative relative content of these 15 candidate peptides reached 28.79%. Molecular docking results indicated that the binding energies between these peptides and PL ranged from −7.4 to −10.0 kcal/mol, suggesting their potential as PL inhibitors. In conclusion, papain can efficiently generate PL-inhibitory peptides from hemp protein. Additionally, the enzymatic hydrolysis process significantly alters the structural characteristics of hemp protein. The optimized hydrolysis conditions established here, along with the identification of 15 potential bioactive peptides, provide a solid foundation for the high-value development of hemp protein and its industrial application in functional foods for the intervention of obesity.

, authors=Zhenghai ZHANG, Baiyang LI, Yuan TIAN, Guowei LI, Wenqing LÜ, Jing PAN, Yuan GAO, Jie SHI*, authorsList=Zhenghai ZHANG, Baiyang LI, Yuan TIAN, Guowei LI, Wenqing LÜ, Jing PAN, Yuan GAO, Jie SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880188469130024, articleId=1320880186283897624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=汉麻蛋白源胰脂肪酶抑制肽的制备、结构表征及活性筛选, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在利用生物酶解技术提升汉麻蛋白资源的利用率及产品附加值,制备具有胰脂肪酶(pancreatic lipase,PL)抑制活性的功能肽。基于对比不同蛋白酶的水解效果筛选最优酶,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化酶解工艺;综合运用分子量分布测定、扫描电镜观察、紫外光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、圆二色光谱及氨基酸组成分析,解析酶解前后蛋白的结构特征变化;利用LC-MS/MS鉴定多肽序列,并结合分子对接技术筛选潜在的活性肽。结果表明,最优酶解条件为:木瓜蛋白酶与底物比(E/S,w/w)4.3%、温度62 ℃、pH6.1。此条件下,酶解物的PL抑制率达57.06%±1.64%,IC50值为5.12±0.31 mg/mL。水解产物呈现不规则无定形微观结构,平均分子量降低且1~3 kDa多肽占比升高;酶解过程导致蛋白的β-折叠比例显著降低,α-螺旋、β-转角比例显著增加,甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸及精氨酸等氨基酸的含量也发生显著变化;经鉴定,酶解产物中共有1195条多肽,从中筛选出相对含量大于1%且PeptideRanker得分≥0.6的候选多肽15条(序列:FEW、LLFSP、LAF、LLF、FYL、LSF、VLF、LLSF、LFL、LFY、LVF、LFR、LFF、LLLF、FLF),其累计相对含量达28.79%;分子对接显示,上述多肽与PL的对接结合能介于−7.4~−10.0 kcal/mol,显示出较强的PL抑制潜力。综上,本研究证实木瓜蛋白酶可高效制备汉麻蛋白源PL抑制肽,同时酶解过程能显著改变蛋白结构。优化的酶解条件及鉴定出的15种潜在活性肽,为汉麻蛋白在肥胖干预功能食品中的高值化开发及工业化应用提供了理论与技术依据。

, authors=张正海, 李柏阳, 田媛, 李国巍, 吕文庆, 潘静, 高媛, 石杰*, authorsList=张正海, 李柏阳, 田媛, 李国巍, 吕文庆, 潘静, 高媛, 石杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=石杰, authorNote=

张正海(1988−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:功能食品与生物技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
石杰(1984−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
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张正海(1988−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:功能食品与生物技术,E-mail:

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Higher intakes of energy-adjusted dietary amino acids are inversely associated with obesity risk[J]. Amino Acids, 2019, 51(3): 373−382., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880188964057897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880188972446506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, companyId=1320880188964057897, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing 163319, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880188980835115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, companyId=1320880188964057897, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆 163319)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880191996539742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=PL inhibition rates and degree of different enzymatic hydrolysates, figureFileSmall=bJknDjCcDKwlKEGZ3FyYrw==, figureFileBig=aXzmeQGAfYUQLlZiREdZMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192055259999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同酶解产物的胰脂肪酶抑制率与水解度

注:不同大、小字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2同。

, figureFileSmall=bJknDjCcDKwlKEGZ3FyYrw==, figureFileBig=aXzmeQGAfYUQLlZiREdZMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192248197984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Results of a single-factor experiment, figureFileSmall=+qyU5KgSEIl2/+U+UHvhjQ==, figureFileBig=64Z8ml4GW14p05OIwdim+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192319501153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=图2, caption=单因素实验结果, figureFileSmall=+qyU5KgSEIl2/+U+UHvhjQ==, figureFileBig=64Z8ml4GW14p05OIwdim+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192399192930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Response surface 3D graph and contour graph, figureFileSmall=jiw0Qk5nO7LGs5yEGBmt/w==, figureFileBig=vw1jDERf4hGvQn7Upl6Rxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192466301795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=图3, caption=响应面3D图与等高线图, figureFileSmall=jiw0Qk5nO7LGs5yEGBmt/w==, figureFileBig=vw1jDERf4hGvQn7Upl6Rxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192541799268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=SEM images of HPI and PH, figureFileSmall=l5meXRGxp5jJNgTYUJUnww==, figureFileBig=nepJoVL/w3vruC2ME9ckmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192613102437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HPI和PH的SEM图, figureFileSmall=l5meXRGxp5jJNgTYUJUnww==, figureFileBig=nepJoVL/w3vruC2ME9ckmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192684405606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=CD spectra (A), protein secondary structure distribution diagrams (B), FTIR spectra (C), and ultraviolet (UV) spectra (D) of HPI and PH, figureFileSmall=eOkR3uv1gxGzg84OttW+jQ==, figureFileBig=LSXRNbRZ10mzgRlOgSAruw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192793457511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=图5, caption=HPI和PH的圆二色谱(A)、二级结构分布(B)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(C)和紫外吸收光谱(D)

注:同一二级结构(α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角、无规则卷曲)中,不同字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=eOkR3uv1gxGzg84OttW+jQ==, figureFileBig=LSXRNbRZ10mzgRlOgSAruw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192856372072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=PCA scatterplot (A), OPLS-DA scatterplot (B), permutation test plot of the OPLS-DA model (C), content of different types of amino acids (g/100 g) (D), and VIP scores plot (E) of HPI and PH, figureFileSmall=8aR1nU/QcYk84C+Ns3J0TA==, figureFileBig=EmQGhkWhLiOc6USQzcPwVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880192936063849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HPI和PH的PCA分析散点图(A)、OPLS-DA分析散点图(B)、OPLS-DA模型置换检验图(C)、不同类型氨基酸含量(g/100 g)(D)和VIP得分图(E), figureFileSmall=8aR1nU/QcYk84C+Ns3J0TA==, figureFileBig=EmQGhkWhLiOc6USQzcPwVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880193011561322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Binding modes of peptides FEW, FYL, LVF, and FLF with 1ETH, figureFileSmall=HLIwHV+KH016Qf0qpub5WA==, figureFileBig=DcVLTRkcg0MqsA3TCeGe0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880193087058795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=图7, caption=多肽FEW、FYL、LVF、FLF与1ETH的结合模式图, figureFileSmall=HLIwHV+KH016Qf0qpub5WA==, figureFileBig=DcVLTRkcg0MqsA3TCeGe0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880193158361964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of the Box-Behnken experimental design

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水平X1:酶浓度(%)X2:酶解温度(℃)X3:酶解pH
−13605.5
04656.0
+15706.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320880193259025261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Box-Behnken试验设计因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平X1:酶浓度(%)X2:酶解温度(℃)X3:酶解pH
−13605.5
04656.0
+15706.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320880193321939822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of response surface methodology experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号酶浓度(X1)酶解温度(X2)酶解pH(X3)胰脂肪酶抑制率(%)
1300054.11±1.05a
120+1+140.71±1.27d
100+1−119.35±0.82h
5−10−115.49±1.33i
1500052.29±1.05a
3−1+1031.19±0.34f
8+10+146.64±1.73c
4+1+1049.17±1.05b
110−1+146.15±1.52c
1400054.08±1.05a
6+10−125.10±0.78g
90−1−126.52±0.64g
2+1−1053.25±1.38a
1−1−1049.34±0.50b
7−10+134.11±0.73e
), ArticleFig(id=1320880193389048687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面分析试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号酶浓度(X1)酶解温度(X2)酶解pH(X3)胰脂肪酶抑制率(%)
1300054.11±1.05a
120+1+140.71±1.27d
100+1−119.35±0.82h
5−10−115.49±1.33i
1500052.29±1.05a
3−1+1031.19±0.34f
8+10+146.64±1.73c
4+1+1049.17±1.05b
110−1+146.15±1.52c
1400054.08±1.05a
6+10−125.10±0.78g
90−1−126.52±0.64g
2+1−1053.25±1.38a
1−1−1049.34±0.50b
7−10+134.11±0.73e
), ArticleFig(id=1320880193460351856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of variance of response surface methodology experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值
模型2506.399278.49100.66< 0.0001**
X1242.171242.1787.530.0002**
X2151.851151.8554.880.0007**
X3823.021823.02297.47< 0.0001**
X1X249.51149.5117.890.0082**
X1X32.1212.120.76570.4216
X2X30.743010.74300.26860.6264
X12103.821103.8237.520.0017**
X2222.27122.278.050.0364*
X321177.2511177.25425.50< 0.0001**
残差13.8352.77
失拟项11.6633.893.570.2264
纯误差2.1821.09
总差2520.2214
R2=0.9954R2adj=0.9870
), ArticleFig(id=1320880193686844273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

响应面试验方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值
模型2506.399278.49100.66< 0.0001**
X1242.171242.1787.530.0002**
X2151.851151.8554.880.0007**
X3823.021823.02297.47< 0.0001**
X1X249.51149.5117.890.0082**
X1X32.1212.120.76570.4216
X2X30.743010.74300.26860.6264
X12103.821103.8237.520.0017**
X2222.27122.278.050.0364*
X321177.2511177.25425.50< 0.0001**
残差13.8352.77
失拟项11.6633.893.570.2264
纯误差2.1821.09
总差2520.2214
R2=0.9954R2adj=0.9870
), ArticleFig(id=1320880193787507570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Molecular weight distribution of HPI and PH

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品平均分子量(Da)>10 kDa(%)5~10 kDa(%)3~5 kDa(%)1~3 kDa(%)<1 kDa(%)
HPI1560.12±8.123.39±0.311.16±0.112.84±0.3426.06±0.3566.55±0.82
PH1247.51±5.67*0.80±0.02*2.02±0.09*4.64±0.18*29.24±0.74*63.20±0.55*
), ArticleFig(id=1320880193900753779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

HPI与PH的分子量分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品平均分子量(Da)>10 kDa(%)5~10 kDa(%)3~5 kDa(%)1~3 kDa(%)<1 kDa(%)
HPI1560.12±8.123.39±0.311.16±0.112.84±0.3426.06±0.3566.55±0.82
PH1247.51±5.67*0.80±0.02*2.02±0.09*4.64±0.18*29.24±0.74*63.20±0.55*
), ArticleFig(id=1320880193976251252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Secondary structure of HPI and PH obtained from FTIR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规则卷曲(%)
HPI20.49±0.9539.47±2.2218.26±0.8721.78±0.31
PH27.59±1.57*27.14±2.05*21.66±1.43*23.61±1.05
), ArticleFig(id=1320880194047554421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

HPI与PH的FTIR的二级结构

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规则卷曲(%)
HPI20.49±0.9539.47±2.2218.26±0.8721.78±0.31
PH27.59±1.57*27.14±2.05*21.66±1.43*23.61±1.05
), ArticleFig(id=1320880194135634806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of amino acid compositions between HPI and PH (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸HPIPH
天冬氨酸7.17±0.027.71±0.02*
苏氨酸2.17±0.072.37±0.04*
丝氨酸3.16±0.044.35±0.03*
谷氨酸14.06±0.0213.34±0.03*
甘氨酸2.59±0.065.40±0.03*
丙氨酸2.47±0.094.49±0.01*
缬氨酸3.19±0.033.71±0.03*
半胱氨酸0.23±0.040.23±0.01
甲硫氨酸0.77±0.070.23±0.03*
异亮氨酸2.29±0.092.40±0.06*
亮氨酸4.93±0.045.01±0.03*
酪氨酸2.17±0.041.70±0.04*
苯丙氨酸3.15±0.022.61±0.04*
赖氨酸2.16±0.021.89±0.07*
组氨酸1.58±0.021.53±0.02*
精氨酸8.67±0.067.49±0.02*
脯氨酸2.72±0.074.25±0.08*
), ArticleFig(id=1320880194227909495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

HPI与PH的氨基酸组成比较(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸HPIPH
天冬氨酸7.17±0.027.71±0.02*
苏氨酸2.17±0.072.37±0.04*
丝氨酸3.16±0.044.35±0.03*
谷氨酸14.06±0.0213.34±0.03*
甘氨酸2.59±0.065.40±0.03*
丙氨酸2.47±0.094.49±0.01*
缬氨酸3.19±0.033.71±0.03*
半胱氨酸0.23±0.040.23±0.01
甲硫氨酸0.77±0.070.23±0.03*
异亮氨酸2.29±0.092.40±0.06*
亮氨酸4.93±0.045.01±0.03*
酪氨酸2.17±0.041.70±0.04*
苯丙氨酸3.15±0.022.61±0.04*
赖氨酸2.16±0.021.89±0.07*
组氨酸1.58±0.021.53±0.02*
精氨酸8.67±0.067.49±0.02*
脯氨酸2.72±0.074.25±0.08*
), ArticleFig(id=1320880194307601272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Identification of peptides in PH by LC-MS/MS and results of molecular docking with 1ETH

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多肽序列相对含量(%)PeptideRanker得分对接结合能(kcal/mol)
FEW3.530.944−10.0
LLFSP3.230.681−7.8
LAF3.020.870−8.8
LLF2.490.939−8.3
FYL2.480.951−9.6
LSF2.060.829−8.2
VLF1.990.729−7.9
LLSF1.600.773−7.5
LFL1.540.945−8.7
LFY1.440.926−8.6
LVF1.290.647−9.3
LFR1.040.940−8.5
LFF1.040.994−8.9
LLLF1.020.884−7.4
FLF1.020.995−9.3
), ArticleFig(id=1320880194383098745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880186283897624, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

PH中多肽的LC-MS/MS鉴定和与1ETH的分子对接结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多肽序列相对含量(%)PeptideRanker得分对接结合能(kcal/mol)
FEW3.530.944−10.0
LLFSP3.230.681−7.8
LAF3.020.870−8.8
LLF2.490.939−8.3
FYL2.480.951−9.6
LSF2.060.829−8.2
VLF1.990.729−7.9
LLSF1.600.773−7.5
LFL1.540.945−8.7
LFY1.440.926−8.6
LVF1.290.647−9.3
LFR1.040.940−8.5
LFF1.040.994−8.9
LLLF1.020.884−7.4
FLF1.020.995−9.3
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汉麻蛋白源胰脂肪酶抑制肽的制备、结构表征及活性筛选
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张正海 , 李柏阳 , 田媛 , 李国巍 , 吕文庆 , 潘静 , 高媛 , 石杰 *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(15): 77-86
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (15) : 77 -86
汉麻蛋白源胰脂肪酶抑制肽的制备、结构表征及活性筛选
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张正海(1988−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:功能食品与生物技术,E-mail:

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张正海(1988−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:功能食品与生物技术,E-mail:

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张正海 , 李柏阳, 田媛, 李国巍, 吕文庆, 潘静, 高媛, 石杰*
作者信息
  • 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆 163319
通讯作者:
石杰(1984−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张正海(1988−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:功能食品与生物技术,E-mail:

Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Activity Screening of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Peptides from Hemp Protein
Zhenghai ZHANG , Baiyang LI, Yuan TIAN, Guowei LI, Wenqing LÜ, Jing PAN, Yuan GAO, Jie SHI*
Affiliations
  • Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing 163319, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060326
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本研究旨在利用生物酶解技术提升汉麻蛋白资源的利用率及产品附加值,制备具有胰脂肪酶(pancreatic lipase,PL)抑制活性的功能肽。基于对比不同蛋白酶的水解效果筛选最优酶,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化酶解工艺;综合运用分子量分布测定、扫描电镜观察、紫外光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、圆二色光谱及氨基酸组成分析,解析酶解前后蛋白的结构特征变化;利用LC-MS/MS鉴定多肽序列,并结合分子对接技术筛选潜在的活性肽。结果表明,最优酶解条件为:木瓜蛋白酶与底物比(E/S,w/w)4.3%、温度62 ℃、pH6.1。此条件下,酶解物的PL抑制率达57.06%±1.64%,IC50值为5.12±0.31 mg/mL。水解产物呈现不规则无定形微观结构,平均分子量降低且1~3 kDa多肽占比升高;酶解过程导致蛋白的β-折叠比例显著降低,α-螺旋、β-转角比例显著增加,甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸及精氨酸等氨基酸的含量也发生显著变化;经鉴定,酶解产物中共有1195条多肽,从中筛选出相对含量大于1%且PeptideRanker得分≥0.6的候选多肽15条(序列:FEW、LLFSP、LAF、LLF、FYL、LSF、VLF、LLSF、LFL、LFY、LVF、LFR、LFF、LLLF、FLF),其累计相对含量达28.79%;分子对接显示,上述多肽与PL的对接结合能介于−7.4~−10.0 kcal/mol,显示出较强的PL抑制潜力。综上,本研究证实木瓜蛋白酶可高效制备汉麻蛋白源PL抑制肽,同时酶解过程能显著改变蛋白结构。优化的酶解条件及鉴定出的15种潜在活性肽,为汉麻蛋白在肥胖干预功能食品中的高值化开发及工业化应用提供了理论与技术依据。

汉麻蛋白  /  酶解肽  /  结构表征  /  胰脂肪酶抑制  /  分子对接

This study investigated the enzymatic production of bioactive peptides from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein with potent pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity. Through a comparative evaluation of proteases, papain yielded a hydrolysate with the highest PL inhibitory activity and was consequently selected for process optimization using Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: enzyme-to-substrate ratio, 4.3%; hydrolysis temperature, 62 ℃, and pH6.1, resulting in 57.06%±1.64% PL inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.12±0.31 mg/mL. The hydrolysate exhibited an irregular amorphous microstructure, accompanied by a reduced average molecular weight and an increased proportion of 1~3 kDa peptides. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the β-sheet proportion of the protein decreased significantly, while the α-helix and β-turn proportions increased remarkably. Additionally, the levels of amino acids such as glycine, alanine, proline, serine, and arginine underwent significant changes. A total of 1195 peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS, from which 15 candidate peptides (with sequences FEW, LLFSP, LAF, LLF, FYL, LSF, VLF, LLSF, LFL, LFY, LVF, LFR, LFF, LLLF, and FLF) were screened based on two criteria: relative content >1% and PeptideRanker score ≥0.6. The cumulative relative content of these 15 candidate peptides reached 28.79%. Molecular docking results indicated that the binding energies between these peptides and PL ranged from −7.4 to −10.0 kcal/mol, suggesting their potential as PL inhibitors. In conclusion, papain can efficiently generate PL-inhibitory peptides from hemp protein. Additionally, the enzymatic hydrolysis process significantly alters the structural characteristics of hemp protein. The optimized hydrolysis conditions established here, along with the identification of 15 potential bioactive peptides, provide a solid foundation for the high-value development of hemp protein and its industrial application in functional foods for the intervention of obesity.

hemp protein  /  enzymatic hydrolysate peptides  /  structural characterization  /  pancreatic lipase inhibition  /  molecular docking
张正海, 李柏阳, 田媛, 李国巍, 吕文庆, 潘静, 高媛, 石杰. 汉麻蛋白源胰脂肪酶抑制肽的制备、结构表征及活性筛选. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 77 -86 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060326
Zhenghai ZHANG, Baiyang LI, Yuan TIAN, Guowei LI, Wenqing LÜ, Jing PAN, Yuan GAO, Jie SHI. Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Activity Screening of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Peptides from Hemp Protein[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 77 -86 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060326
肥胖是由遗传、饮食、生活方式及环境等多因素相互作用引发的慢性代谢性疾病,特征为机体脂肪过度积累。体重指数大于或等于25 kg/m2为超重,大于或等于30 kg/m2则被判定为肥胖。2022年全球肥胖人口已突破10亿,中国肥胖人群规模超2.2亿,且呈现年轻化趋势[1]。肥胖不仅是Ⅱ型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝等代谢综合征的重要诱因,更导致每年超过400万人死亡[2]。现有药物如奥利司他存在胃肠道副作用和肝损伤风险,而GLP-1受体激动剂等新药面临停药反弹及用药成本高昂的挑战。因此,开发安全有效的新型肥胖干预策略已成为亟待解决的关键问题[3]。
膳食甘油三酯是人体脂肪摄入的主要形式,其消化吸收依赖于胰脂肪酶(pancreatic lipase,PL)的催化作用。该酶负责水解人体50%~70%的膳食脂肪,是调控脂肪吸收的关键限速酶[4]。特异性抑制PL活性可有效减少肠道对游离脂肪酸的摄取,阻断其经血液循环参与的脂肪重合成,从而实现对肥胖的干预。研究证实,由2~20个氨基酸组成的特定短肽序列,可通过竞争性结合PL活性位点或改变其空间构象等机制,高效抑制PL活性[5]。这类肽通常可通过酶解技术从蛋白中释放出来。目前,已从黑芝麻饼、奇亚籽、亚麻籽、黑豆、榛子等多种植物蛋白水解物中鉴定出具有PL抑制活性的肽段[6]。相较于化学合成药物,植物源生物活性肽具有毒性低、原料成本低等优势,在肥胖干预功能食品开发中具有广阔应用前景。
汉麻(Cannabis sativa L.)籽作为我国特色油料作物,其加工副产物汉麻仁粕的蛋白质含量高达40%~50%,但当前利用率极低,造成严重的资源浪费。近年来,越来越多的研究发现,酶解制备的汉麻多肽具有抗氧化、免疫调节和抗疲劳的作用,并在预防和治疗糖尿病、高血压、血栓、高胆固醇血症及肥胖等慢性疾病中展现出巨大潜力[7−9]。特别是在肥胖干预方面,研究发现,汉麻蛋白酶解物可显著降低高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠体重及血清总胆固醇水平[10]。尹浩等[11]通过超滤、肽组学与虚拟筛选技术联用,从汉麻籽蛋白中成功鉴定出APAM、RLPA两条靶向PL的抑制肽。本课题组前期研究[12]从木瓜蛋白酶水解的汉麻籽蛋白中分离出3种新型PL抑制肽,其中YNLPILRF的抑制活性最强,IC50为0.377±0.041 mmol/L。然而,此类单一高活性肽的分离纯化成本高昂,难以实现规模化应用。相对而言,开发一种以富含多种活性肽的功能性肽混合物为目标的高效、低成本制备工艺,对于推动汉麻肽的实际应用更具价值[13]。
因此,本研究通过筛选最优蛋白酶、优化酶解工艺参数,建立汉麻蛋白源PL抑制肽的高效制备方法;结合多学科技术手段解析酶解前后蛋白的结构变化;通过LC-MS/MS与分子对接技术筛选潜在活性肽序列,旨在推动汉麻加工副产物在功能性食品或膳食补充剂领域的实际应用转化。
汉麻仁分离蛋白(hemp protein isolate,HPI) 辽宁俏牌生物科技有限公司;木瓜蛋白酶(≥6000 U/mg)、菠萝蛋白酶(300 U/mg)、中性蛋白酶(50 U/mg)、风味酶(20 U/mg)、对硝基苯丁酸酯(p-NPB) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;猪胰腺Ⅱ型胰脂肪酶(3~90 U/mg) 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;邻苯二醛(OPA)、BCA蛋白浓度检测试剂盒 安徽白鲨生物有限公司。
M104E型电子天平、FE20型实验室pH计 瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司;VFD4500型真空冷冻干燥机 北京博医康有限公司;L8900全自动氨基酸分析仪 日本日立公司;TSKgel G2000 SWXL色谱柱 日本TOSOH公司;Molecular Devices酶标仪 上海美谷分子有限公司;U-T1810S紫外可见分光光度计 上海屹谱仪器制造有限公司;Chirascan V100圆二色光谱仪 Applied Photophysics公司;FTIR-650傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 天津港东科技发展有限公司;GeminiSEM 360场发射扫描电子显微镜(分辨率1.0 nm @ 15 kV,加速电压0.1~30 kV,配备EDAX Octane Elect Plus能谱仪) 德国蔡司公司;EasynLC 1200系统 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司。
以PL抑制率为评价指标,分别采用中性蛋白酶(40 ℃,pH7.5)、风味蛋白酶(50 ℃,pH8.0)、菠萝蛋白酶(50 ℃,pH7.0)和木瓜蛋白酶(65 ℃,pH6.0)在各自最适pH与温度条件下对HPI进行酶解处理。底物蛋白浓度为50 g/L,酶与底物比统一为4%(w/w),酶解时间为5 h。检测酶解物对PL抑制率的大小,筛选酶解效果最优的蛋白酶。
通过单因素实验分别探讨酶浓度、酶解pH和酶解温度对PL抑制率的影响,料液比为1:20 g/mL,酶解时间为5 h。采用单因素实验,固定项参数为:酶浓度4%,酶解pH6.0,酶解温度60 ℃;变动项参数为酶浓度(1%、2%、4%、6%、8%)、酶解pH(5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0)以及酶解温度(50、55、60、65、70 ℃)。样品水解结束后,于95 ℃条件下灭酶10 min,调整pH至7.0,8000 r/min离心20 min,测定上清液对PL的抑制作用。在单因素实验结果的基础上,利用Design-Expert软件进行Box-Behnken Design试验设计,见表1。最终,通过对回归方程的分析确定汉麻多肽的最佳酶解工艺参数。
以p-NPB为底物进行PL抑制试验[12]。在96孔板中依次加入50 µL样品溶液与25 μL胰脂肪酶溶液(1.25 mg/mL,溶解于0.1 mol/L磷酸钠缓冲液,pH7.4,含有100 mmol/L NaCl),并在37 ℃条件下预孵育15 min。随后加入25 µL p-NPB溶液(5 mmol/L)启动反应,补充磷酸钠缓冲液至终体积为150 µL。继续孵育15 min后,使用酶标仪测定405 nm处的OD值。PL抑制率按如下公式计算:
$ \rm PL抑制率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{C-D}}{{A-B}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A为含酶无样品组的OD值;B为无酶无样品组的OD值;C为含酶含样品组的OD值;D为含样品无酶组的OD值。
在最佳酶解条件下,采用GraphPad Prism(v10.1.2)软件通过非线性回归分析测定样品抑制PL的IC50值,同时以奥利司他作为阳性对照。
采用OPA法测定酶解产物的水解度[13]。取20 μL L-丝氨酸或样品溶液与150 μL的OPA试剂混合,孵育2 min后,使用酶标仪测定340 nm处的OD值。根据L-丝氨酸标准曲线(浓度范围0~100 μg/mL)计算游离氨基含量。将50 mg HPI样品,加入6 mol/L HCl溶液中,于115 ℃条件下水解22 h,测定总氨基酸含量。水解度计算按照如下公式:
$ \text{水解度}(\text{%}) =\frac{{\text{OD}}_{\text{样品}}-{\text{OD}}_{\text{空白}}}{{\text{OD}}_{\mathrm{总}}-{\text{OD}}_{\text{空白}}}\times 100 $
式中:OD样品为样品水解后的OD值;OD空白为样品水解前的OD值;OD总为样品完全水解后的OD值。
将酶解物以10000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液。使用配备有220 nm波长的UV检测器的高效液相色谱系统测定分子量分布[14]。取10 μL样品进样至TSKgel G2000 SWXL色谱柱(300×7.8 mm,0.5 μm)。以含45%(v/v)乙腈与0.1%(v/v)三氟乙酸的超纯水为洗脱液,采用等度洗脱方式,流速设定为0.5 mL/min,检测波长220 nm。以牛血清白蛋白、细胞色素C、抑肽酶、杆菌肽以及甘氨酰-甘氨酰-酪氨酰-精氨酸四肽为标准品,标准品保留时间为横坐标(x),其分子量对数为纵坐标(y),拟合得到标准曲线方程为y=−0.231427x+6.91037,R2=0.9896。
采用扫描电镜观察各样品的表面微观形貌。将冻干的样品涂在样品托盘的导电胶上,喷涂金后10.0 kV加速电压下使用高分辨率场发射扫描电镜成像。
圆二色谱(circular dichroism,CD):在氮气的保护下对0.5 mg/mL的样品在190~260 nm扫描,并使用CDNN 2.1-simple Spectra程序分析二级结构[14]。傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR):将样品与干燥的溴化钾(1:100,w/w)混合后粉碎,置于真空压片机中加压至20 MPa,持续2 min。扫描波数400~4000 cm−1,分辨率为4 cm−1,累积64次扫描。紫外光谱:取0.5 mg/mL的样品,在190~400 nm波长范围内记录光谱数据。
采用L8900全自动氨基酸分析仪进行分析[15]。将50 mg样品置于10 mL 6 mol/L HCl中,于110 ℃水解24 h后进行检测。蛋白质效率比的计算按照如下公式[16]:
$ \text{蛋白质效率比}=-0.468+0.454\times \mathrm{Leu}\hbox{--}0.105\times \text{Tyr} $
式中:Leu和Tyr分别代表100 g样品中亮氨酸和酪氨酸的质量,g。
样品采用0.15×150 mm Acclaim PepMap RP-C18色谱柱和EasynLC 1200系统分离。样品体积为3 μL,经95%流动相A(0.1%甲酸)平衡后上样。流动相B由84%乙腈和0.1%甲酸组成。洗脱速度为300 nL/min,梯度为:0~50 min,4%~50%B;50~54 min,50%~100%B;54~60 min,保持100%B,分离肽在Q-Exactive HF-X上使用数据依赖的Top 20方法分析。在ESI正离子模式下,MS数据在350~1500 m/z范围内采集。一级质谱分辨率配置为60000,二级质谱分辨率设置为15000。结合uniprotkb_Cannabis_sativa_30192_2025_03_03数据库,使用MaxQuant(v1.5.5.1)对数据进行鉴定。最后,对相对含量大于1%的肽段进行生物活性预测和分子对接分析。
采用PeptideRanker对生物活性进行评分,筛选出得分≥0.6的肽。以胰脂肪酶1ETH作为受体蛋白。候选多肽作为配体,经Chem 3D 20.0软件MMFF94力场进行能量最小化优化,采用在线平台CB-Dock2(CB-Dock2: An accurate protein-ligand blind docking tool)进行半柔性分子对接。对接过程中,对配体结合口袋进行全蛋白表面盲对接,其余参数保持默认设置。最后,应用PyMOL 2.6.0和BIOVIA_DS2024Client软件对肽与受体的结合模式进行可视化分析。
所有结果均为3个重复,并以平均值±标准差表示。采用SPSS29.0软件进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和Duncan’s Multiple Range检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。Origin Pro 2024软件绘图。通过SIMCA 14.1软件进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA),计算预测变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP)。为验证OPLS-DA模型的有效性并排除过拟合风险,采用置换检验(permutation test,n=200)对模型进行验证。
不同蛋白酶水解产物的PL抑制率和水解度如图1所示。木瓜蛋白酶水解产物的PL抑制活性显著高于其他蛋白酶(P<0.05),抑制率达到49.77%±0.10%;其次为菠萝蛋白酶的38.89%±1.11%和风味蛋白酶的29.65%±1.05%,而中性蛋白酶水解物抑制率仅为20.45%±1.87%。木瓜蛋白酶属于半胱氨酸蛋白酶,其催化特性表现为优先水解Arg和Lys羧基端的肽键[17]。Mudgil等[18]的研究指出,酪蛋白的木瓜蛋白酶水解物也表现出更高的PL抑制活性。此外,木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶所得水解物的水解度分别为12.85%±0.64%、11.88%±0.45%、6.04%±0.17%和4.68%±0.13%。相比之下,在木瓜蛋白酶水解HPI的研究中,Malomo等[19]采用PH-stat方法测得的水解度为17.99%±0.11%。本研究与文献报道的水解度有差异,可能归因于所使用的汉麻蛋白原料、水解度检测方法及酶解工艺条件的不同。因此,选择木瓜蛋白酶进行HPI的酶解,并进一步优化酶解工艺参数,旨在获得PL抑制活性更高的HPI酶解产物。
如图2所示,HPI酶水解物对PL的抑制率随酶浓度、反应温度和pH的增加均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。在酶浓度为4%、酶解温度为65 ℃、pH6.0的条件下,PL抑制率最高。当酶浓度超过最适水平时,底物蛋白上的结合位点趋于饱和,可能引起酶分子间的聚集,从而影响其催化效率[20]。而过高的pH和温度则会降低蛋白酶自身活性,并可能引起多肽空间构象改变,影响其活性基团的暴露[21]。例如,枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白酶在pH10.0时显示出最大活性,但超出此范围活性会下降,这是因为极端pH可能导致酶蛋白变性,从而降低催化能力[22]。因此,本研究选择酶浓度4%、酶解温度65 ℃、pH6.0作为中心点,进行响应面优化。
以酶浓度(X1)、酶解温度(X2)和酶解pH(X3)为自变量,各因素水平分别编码为−1、0和+1(分别代表低、中、高水平)。试验设计与结果见表2。以PL抑制率(Y)为响应值,利用Design-Expert软件对响应值与各因素的编码值进行回归拟合后,得到二次多项回归方程:Y=53.5+5.5X1−4.36X2+10.14X3+3.52X1X2+0.73X1X3+0.437X2X3−5.3X12−2.46X22−17.86X32。方差分析结果如表3所示,模型整体极显著(P<0.01),失拟项不显著(P>0.05),且决定系数R2=0.9954,校正决定系数R2adj=0.9870。表明模型高度显著,能够充分解释自变量与响应值之间的关系,且与实际数据拟合良好。根据回归方程中一次项系数绝对值的大小判断,各因素对HPI酶解产物PL抑制率的影响程度排序为:酶解pH(X3)>酶浓度(X1)>酶解温度(X2)。方差分析显示,一次项中X1、X2、X3对抑制率的影响均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。在交互项中X1X2对抑制率的影响极显著(P<0.01)。
如图3所示,酶浓度(X1)与酶解温度(X2)的交互作用曲面陡峭。在较低温度下,PL抑制率对酶浓度的变化更为敏感。因此,在实际生产中,建议在固定最佳pH的前提下,优先精确控制酶解温度,再匹配相应的酶浓度,以稳定获得高活性的多肽产物。基于Design-Expert软件的分析与计算,得出最佳酶解工艺参数的编码值为:酶浓度4.32%、酶解温度61.88 ℃、酶解pH6.14。该条件下理论预测的PL抑制率可达57.20%。考虑到实际操作的可行性与便利性,将优化参数调整为酶浓度4.3%、温度62 ℃和pH6.1并进行验证实验。重复三次,实际测得酶解物的PL抑制率为57.06%±1.64%,与理论预测值高度吻合,证明模型可靠。
本研究得到的木瓜蛋白酶水解产物(papain hydrolysate,PH),其IC50值为5.12±0.31 mg/mL,相应水解度为12.33%±0.38%。该活性与通过优化酶解工艺制备的螺旋藻蛋白酶解物(IC50值为4.52 mg/mL)活性相近[23]。尽管它们的IC50值均显著高于奥利司他(~0.01 mg/mL),但这主要是由于蛋白酶解物为多肽混合物,而非单一高活性成分。然而,作为天然来源的产物,PH在安全性方面潜力更大,作为功能性食品原料具有独特的应用价值。
分子量是影响多肽抑制PL活性的关键因素之一。由表4可知,未水解的HPI分子量主要分布在<1 kDa和1~3 kDa区间,分别占66.55%±0.82%和26.06%±0.35%。经木瓜蛋白酶水解后,产物PH的平均分子量为1247.51±5.67 Da,显著低于HPI的1560.12±8.12 Da(P<0.05)。尽管平均分子量下降,PH中<1 kDa组分的总占比却较HPI有所降低(P<0.05)。该现象可能由两方面原因导致:一方面,部分低分子量肽段可能被进一步水解为游离氨基酸,致使该区间占比减少;另一方面,木瓜蛋白酶同时对高、低分子量肽段进行切割,促使分子量在3~5 kDa区间出现集中趋势,引发各区间比例重新分配。具体表现为,3~5 kDa区间的占比从2.84%±0.34%上升至4.64%±0.18%(P<0.05),而>10 kDa与<1 kDa组分占比则显著下降(P<0.05)。类似现象在鹰嘴豆蛋白水解过程中亦有报道,即随着水解度增加,平均分子量下降,但不同区段肽段占比呈动态变化[24]。此外,低分子量多肽因体积小、空间位阻低,通常更易进入PL的活性口袋并实现高效结合,这被认为是其发挥PL抑制作用的重要原因之一[25]。例如,牦牛奶奶酪酶解物的小分子组分[26]和胶原蛋白的低分子量多肽[27]均表现出更强的PL抑制活性。
HPI与PH的扫描电镜结果如图4所示。未经过水解的HPI样品呈现出粗糙、多孔的蜂窝状结构,这与以往研究结果一致[28]。相比之下,经木瓜蛋白酶水解后的产物PH则表现为相对光滑、无定形的致密块状或片状结构。在酶处理得到的绿豆蛋白酶解物表面同样呈现不均匀、光滑的结构[29]。其结构转变很可能与水解处理促使包埋在蛋白质内部的疏水基团及巯基得以暴露相关。例如,核桃蛋白经木瓜蛋白酶水解后,随着水解度的增加,其分子量降低,疏水基团和暴露巯基含量增加[30]。这些暴露的基团在冻干过程中,相互作用增强,进而形成较大的聚集体[31−32]。
远紫外CD光谱(190~260 nm)能够反映肽键发色团的构象信息。如图5A、图5B所示,CDNN软件分析表明,HPI主要由β-折叠(43.87%±0.53%)和无规则卷曲(32.31%±1.23%)组成,这与先前关于HPI二级结构以β-折叠为主的报道相符[33]。酶解后,α-螺旋、β-转角比例显著增加(P<0.05),而β-折叠比例则显著减少(P<0.05)。β-转角比例的增加与PL抑制活性的提升呈现出一致性,提示二者之间存在潜在关联,其内在机制有待进一步阐明。此外,水解可能释放原本被β-折叠结构包埋的活性区域,或形成新的结合位点,促进多肽与PL的结合。
FTIR光谱中,酰胺Ⅰ带(1600~1700 cm−1)的峰位与蛋白质构象直接相关。如图5C所示,水解导致HPI的酰胺Ⅰ带特征峰从代表β-折叠的1637 cm−1迁移至对应α-螺旋的1655 cm−1,表明β-折叠比例降低而α-螺旋比例升高[34]。采用高斯分峰法拟合,通过分峰积分计算二级结构占比,结果显示PH的β-折叠比例显著降低(P<0.05),α-螺旋、β-转角比例升高(P<0.05),与CD光谱结果一致(表5)。
由图5D可见,PH的整体紫外吸收强度显著高于未水解的HPI,直观反映出水解对蛋白空间构象的影响。紫外光谱中190~230 nm区域的吸收信号源于肽键的n→π*电子跃迁,其峰位和强度与肽链的构象及疏水环境直接相关。PH在196 nm处的吸收显著增强,且最大吸收波长出现红移,提示肽链构象可能趋于伸展,推测其原因可能与水解后疏水基团暴露引起的微环境变化有关。通常情况下,非极性氨基酸通常位于蛋白质内部的疏水核,而极性氨基酸则分布于表面[35]。Wang等[36]的研究证实,水解可提高HPI的表面疏水性。同时,在280 nm附近吸收增强表明芳香族氨基酸残基的溶剂暴露程度增加[37]。
本研究对HPI及其水解产物PH的氨基酸组成进行了比较分析,结果详见表6。二者均富含谷氨酸、精氨酸和天冬氨酸,而半胱氨酸含量相对较低。已有研究报道,富含精氨酸的多肽具有显著的脂肪酶抑制活性[38]。如图6A的PCA分析显示,PC1和PC2的累积贡献率达98.4%,表明该模型能有效区分HPI和PH的氨基酸指纹特征。此外,OPLS-DA(图6B)的验证参数R2X、R2Y和Q2值均大于0.5,证实模型具有良好的拟合度和预测能力。为验证模型是否存在过拟合,进一步进行了200次置换检验,结果如图6C所示,Q2回归线与Y轴的截距为−1.42(小于0),表明模型未出现过拟合现象,结果可靠。 在OPLS-DA模型中,VIP值>1的特征性差异氨基酸包括甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸(图6E)。水解后,丙氨酸和甘氨酸的含量分别由原来的2.47%±0.09%和2.59%±0.06%升高至4.49%±0.01%和5.40%±0.03%,显著增加81.78%和108.11%(P<0.05)。这类侧链较小的氨基酸更易形成α-螺旋结构。已有研究报道,在C57BL/6J小鼠中补充丙氨酸可缓解高脂饮食引起的体重增加[39]。这提示,PH中富含的丙氨酸可能与其整体抗肥胖效应具有协同作用。PH中的甲硫氨酸含量显著低于HPI(P<0.05)。有研究指出,限制甲硫氨酸摄入具有抗肥胖效应[40],因此该特征也可能为PH的整体功效做出贡献。如图6D所示,在特定氨基酸类别方面,PH中必需氨基酸、芳香族氨基酸及带正电荷的氨基酸的含量低于HPI,而疏水性氨基酸与支链型氨基酸含量则高于HPI。支链氨基酸在肥胖与糖尿病相关代谢紊乱中的作用尚存争议,有研究认为其升高可能与胰岛素抵抗有关[41],但膳食摄入评估研究显示,较高的支链氨基酸摄入量与较低的肥胖风险相关[42]。本研究观察到PH中支链氨基酸含量升高,其生物学效应有待后续体内实验验证。此外,PH的蛋白质效率比为1.63,高于1.5的标准,具备良好的营养品质。总之,木瓜蛋白酶的水解过程显著改变了HPI的氨基酸组成。所得水解产物PH富含与抗肥胖相关的精氨酸、丙氨酸,具有较高的疏水性与支链氨基酸含量,以及优越的PER值。
通过LC-MS/MS分析,从PH中共鉴定出1195条多肽,其氨基酸序列数量为3~24个,其中相对含量大于1%的有21条。如表7所示,在这21条多肽中,有15条(包括FEW、LLFSP、LAF、LLF、FYL、LSF、VLF、LLSF、LFL、LFY、LVF、LFR、LFF、LLLF和FLF)的PeptideRanker得分不低于0.6,其相对含量累计为28.79%。已有研究证实,结合自由能越低,肽与受体蛋白的相互作用越稳定。当对接结合能低于−7.0 kcal/mol时,通常意味着配体与受体之间具有极强的结合亲和力[12]。上述多肽与胰脂肪酶1ETH的结合自由能介于−7.4~−10.0 kcal/mol之间,表明它们与PL活性口袋具有较高的亲和力。组成分析显示,它们中疏水性氨基酸占比为60%~100%,芳香族氨基酸占比为20%~67%。图7为对接结合能最低的4条多肽(FEW、FYL、LVF、FLF)与1ETH的分子对接结合模式图。结果表明,缬氨酸(V)和亮氨酸(L)等疏水残基易于与胰脂肪酶的疏水活性口袋结合。例如,在LVF中,缬氨酸与Ile79形成疏水相互作用;在FYL中,亮氨酸则与Val260和Trp253形成相互作用。此外,FYL中的苯丙氨酸(F)通过其芳香侧链与酶活性中心残基Tyr115形成π–π堆积作用,而该肽段中的酪氨酸(Y)通过酚羟基与Phe78的主链羰基氧原子之间形成氢键相互作用。
本研究筛选出木瓜蛋白酶为制备汉麻蛋白源PL抑制肽的最优酶,优化后工艺(E/S 4.3%、62 ℃、pH6.1)可使PH的PL抑制率达57.06%(IC50=5.12 mg/mL)。结构分析证实,酶解引起蛋白质β-折叠比例降低,α-螺旋与β-转角比例增加。进一步通过LC-MS/MS与分子对接筛选出15条潜在活性肽,其累计相对含量为28.79%。这些肽的共同特征为富含疏水性氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸,与PL的结合能介于−7.4~−10.0 kcal/mol之间。上述结果为汉麻源PL抑制肽的工业化制备提供了关键工艺参数,并明确了其产物的结构特征与候选活性肽序列,为未来建立基于特征氨基酸与特定肽段的质量控制方法奠定了理论基础。
需指出,本研究结果基于体外实验,其主要局限在于未考虑胃肠道环境中胃酸、消化酶及胆汁酸等干扰因素,因此难以全面模拟体内的真实生理环境。此外,多肽在加工与消化过程中的稳定性亦有待探究。后续可采用高脂饮食诱导的C57BL/6J小鼠模型,检测多肽对小鼠体重、脂肪系数及血清甘油三酯的影响,并系统评估其在功能性食品体系中的活性保留率。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060326
  • 接收时间:2025-06-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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    黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆 163319

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石杰(1984−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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