Article(id=1320880161965326421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100246, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761148800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792851971378, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792851971378, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792851971378, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792851971378, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=11, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880162158264406, articleId=1320880161965326421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Nutritional Functional Characteristics of Five Types of Sweet Potato Stems and Leaves and the Development of Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Tablet Candies, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study analyzed the differences in nutritional composition and functional activities of five types of sweet potato stems and leaves, developed sweet potato leaf tablet candies, and conducted in vitro verification of their glucose and lipid metabolic activities. The results indicated that the variety and part had significant effects on the nutritional components and functional activities: compared with the leaves, the stems of different sweet potato varieties all showed higher dietary fiber and soluble sugar contents, among which the stems of Ningcai 18-24 had the highest contents, reaching 54.51 g/100 g and 15.35 g/100 g respectively; while the protein level in sweet potato leaves was significantly higher than that in the stem parts. In addition, the leaves of Ningcai 18-24, the leaves of Ningcai 3 and the stems of Guicai 12-557 had the highest polyphenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents respectively. Further, Ningcai 18-24 leaves were selected as raw materials, and the formula of the tablet candy was optimized through D-optimal mixture design (sweet potato leaf powder 76.52%, starch 14.98%, maltodextrin 4.89%, talcum powder 1.48%, xylitol 0.92%, citric acid 1.20%). It was confirmed that the tablet candy had excellent water-holding capacity, cholesterol adsorption capacity and glucose adsorption capacity, along with significant regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolism (α-glucosidase inhibition IC50 was 0.25 mg/mL, and the inhibition of cholesterol micelle formation was obvious). This study provided experimental basis and research foundation for the high-value utilization of sweet potato stems and leaves and the development of functional foods.

, authors=Xue WANG, Keke MENG, Qiping ZHAN, Xiao CHEN, Liyan ZHAO*, authorsList=Xue WANG, Keke MENG, Qiping ZHAN, Xiao CHEN, Liyan ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liyan ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880165362712679, articleId=1320880161965326421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=五种甘薯茎叶的营养功能特性分析及其降糖降脂压片糖果的开发, columnId=1320880139102171600, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏—标准化赋能食品及相关产品高质量发展(客座主编:云振宇、史波林、兰韬、刘鹏、赵琳), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究分析了五种甘薯茎和叶的营养组成与功能活性差异,开发了甘薯叶压片糖果并对其进行了体外糖脂代谢活性验证。结果表明,品种与部位对营养成分、功能活性的影响显著:相较于叶,不同品种的甘薯茎均表现出更高的膳食纤维和可溶性糖含量,其中宁菜18-24号茎中含量最高,分别达到54.51 g/100 g和15.35 g/100 g;而甘薯叶中的蛋白质含量显著高于茎部位。此外,宁菜18-24号叶,宁菜3号叶和桂菜 12-557号茎分别有最高的多酚,黄酮和花青素含量。进一步选择宁菜18-24号叶为原料,通过D-最优混料设计优化压片糖果配方(甘薯叶粉76.52%,淀粉14.98%,麦芽糊精4.89%,滑石粉1.48%,木糖醇0.92%,柠檬酸1.20%),证实压片糖果具有优良的持水力、胆固醇吸附力和葡萄糖吸附力,并表现出良好的糖脂代谢调节能力(α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制IC50为0.25 mg/mL,胆固醇胶束形成抑制明显)。本研究为甘薯茎叶的高值化利用与功能性食品开发提供了实验依据和研究基础。

, authors=王雪, 孟柯柯, 詹麒平, 陈潇, 赵立艳*, authorsList=王雪, 孟柯柯, 詹麒平, 陈潇, 赵立艳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵立艳, authorNote=

王雪(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品营养与化学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵立艳(1977−)(ORCID:0000−0003−2363−3815),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品功能评价及功能产品开发、食品风味形成机理及风味产品开发,E-mail:。
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Zhengzhou: Henan University of Technology, 2025., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880165610176616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880165622759529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, companyId=1320880165610176616, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 211800, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880165631148138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, companyId=1320880165610176616, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京农业大学食品科技学院,江苏南京 211800)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880169473130640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Diagram of SPL, figureFileSmall=HBMxDh7zw3ylceX++8tloA==, figureFileBig=2XGlj8j8xuGUd+lQ87DHSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880169552822417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=图1, caption=甘薯叶和茎示意图, figureFileSmall=HBMxDh7zw3ylceX++8tloA==, figureFileBig=2XGlj8j8xuGUd+lQ87DHSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880169749954706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Differences in active substances in stems and leaves of different varieties of sweet potatoes, figureFileSmall=uQAP+zNwmrdr9alhjBxtEg==, figureFileBig=MI7PFa9jON1d++ds53GHwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880169829646483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同品种甘薯茎、叶活性物质差异

注:茎和叶显著性各自独立计算,不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图3、图8同。

, figureFileSmall=uQAP+zNwmrdr9alhjBxtEg==, figureFileBig=MI7PFa9jON1d++ds53GHwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880169917726868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Differences in adhesion forces of stems and leaves of different varieties of sweet potatoes, figureFileSmall=sqMbpEPsgUzZ6e4fzepynA==, figureFileBig=66+vZXzzOJTvU/xuVh1nBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880170018390165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同品种甘薯茎、叶吸附力差异, figureFileSmall=sqMbpEPsgUzZ6e4fzepynA==, figureFileBig=66+vZXzzOJTvU/xuVh1nBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880170093887638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Contour lines of each factor and 3D surfaces, figureFileSmall=pmvt7zXNvr1sRw6J47wuSg==, figureFileBig=5DomT/jTPkNCdCSJl6GppA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880170160996503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各因素等高线和3D曲面, figureFileSmall=pmvt7zXNvr1sRw6J47wuSg==, figureFileBig=5DomT/jTPkNCdCSJl6GppA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880172094570648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Antioxidant activity of tablet candies in vitro, figureFileSmall=xFsZXUtMHmny3By5tsDDCQ==, figureFileBig=TGXTMd6dF9Ag40I0c7emoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880172144902297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=图5, caption=压片糖果体外抗氧化活性

注:CP为甘薯叶压片糖果组。

, figureFileSmall=xFsZXUtMHmny3By5tsDDCQ==, figureFileBig=TGXTMd6dF9Ag40I0c7emoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880173818429594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Hypoglycemic activity of tablet candies in vitro, figureFileSmall=lTLjc+LKkp5q5R6N4k9n9A==, figureFileBig=coBF1ajDuf8yHUUhfq400w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880173906509979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=图6, caption=压片糖果体外降血糖活性

注:TC为甘薯叶压片糖果组,PC为对照组,图7同。

, figureFileSmall=lTLjc+LKkp5q5R6N4k9n9A==, figureFileBig=coBF1ajDuf8yHUUhfq400w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880173998784668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Lipid-lowering activity of tablet candies in vitro, figureFileSmall=LV9bYu2Q0hGVF0vjwOX3cA==, figureFileBig=2k2extPe1SzMdFVfVg2iQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880174099447965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=图7, caption=压片糖果体外降血脂活性, figureFileSmall=LV9bYu2Q0hGVF0vjwOX3cA==, figureFileBig=2k2extPe1SzMdFVfVg2iQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880174162362526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Simulated in vitro digestion of tablet candies, figureFileSmall=3zgPkEBEYzoJ+6bACQcI0Q==, figureFileBig=yOAFOK5Q5rF1tHe6MFGuRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880174250442911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=图8, caption=压片糖果体外消化模拟

注:TC为甘薯叶压片糖果组,PC为对照组,BG为空白组,不同时间组间显著性独立计算。

, figureFileSmall=3zgPkEBEYzoJ+6bACQcI0Q==, figureFileBig=yOAFOK5Q5rF1tHe6MFGuRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880174334328992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Optimal mixture design experiment factors and levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码试验因素水平
01
A淀粉添加量(%)1020
B滑石粉添加量(%)1.02.0
C麦芽糊精添加量(%)37
D木糖醇添加量(%)0.61.2
E柠檬酸添加量(%)0.61.2
F菜用甘薯粉添加量(%)68.684.8
), ArticleFig(id=1320880174405632161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

最优混料设计试验因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码试验因素水平
01
A淀粉添加量(%)1020
B滑石粉添加量(%)1.02.0
C麦芽糊精添加量(%)37
D木糖醇添加量(%)0.61.2
E柠檬酸添加量(%)0.61.2
F菜用甘薯粉添加量(%)68.684.8
), ArticleFig(id=1320880174476935330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Product sensory evaluation criteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评价指标等级
色泽呈鲜绿色,色泽均匀一致优
呈绿色,色泽较均匀一致良
偏深绿色,色泽不均匀一致中
深绿色,色泽不均匀一致差
形态形态完整,大小(厚薄)一致,无缺角、裂缝,表面光滑,无花斑,无杂质优
形态完整,大小(厚薄)较一致,无缺角、裂缝,表面较光滑,稍有花斑,无杂质良
形态较完整,大小(厚薄)较一致,无缺角、稍有裂缝,表面较粗糙,稍有花斑,少量杂质中
形态不完整,大小(厚薄)不一致,有碎裂现象,表面粗糙,有花斑,有杂质差
组织坚实不松散,剖面紧密,不粘连优
较坚实,剖面较紧密,稍粘连良
较松散,剖面较紧密,轻微粘连中
组织松散,剖面不紧密,有粘连现象差
口感和风味酸甜适宜、无苦涩味,特殊风味适宜优
偏酸、偏甜、酸甜味淡、稍有苦涩味,特殊风味稍重或稍淡良
偏酸、偏甜、酸甜偏淡、苦涩味偏重,特殊风味偏重或偏淡中
过酸、过甜、不酸不甜、苦涩味重,特殊风味过重或过淡差
), ArticleFig(id=1320880174548238499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

产品感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评价指标等级
色泽呈鲜绿色,色泽均匀一致优
呈绿色,色泽较均匀一致良
偏深绿色,色泽不均匀一致中
深绿色,色泽不均匀一致差
形态形态完整,大小(厚薄)一致,无缺角、裂缝,表面光滑,无花斑,无杂质优
形态完整,大小(厚薄)较一致,无缺角、裂缝,表面较光滑,稍有花斑,无杂质良
形态较完整,大小(厚薄)较一致,无缺角、稍有裂缝,表面较粗糙,稍有花斑,少量杂质中
形态不完整,大小(厚薄)不一致,有碎裂现象,表面粗糙,有花斑,有杂质差
组织坚实不松散,剖面紧密,不粘连优
较坚实,剖面较紧密,稍粘连良
较松散,剖面较紧密,轻微粘连中
组织松散,剖面不紧密,有粘连现象差
口感和风味酸甜适宜、无苦涩味,特殊风味适宜优
偏酸、偏甜、酸甜味淡、稍有苦涩味,特殊风味稍重或稍淡良
偏酸、偏甜、酸甜偏淡、苦涩味偏重,特殊风味偏重或偏淡中
过酸、过甜、不酸不甜、苦涩味重,特殊风味过重或过淡差
), ArticleFig(id=1320880174623735972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Nutrient differences in leaves and stems of different varieties of sweet potatoes (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别膳食纤维蛋白质灰分可溶性蛋白可溶性糖
甘薯叶-S134.43±2.00bc37.72±1.06a1.67±0.11a1.41±0.02b3.63±0.85b
甘薯叶-S222.06±1.53d36.66±1.58b1.78±0.16a2.05±0.05a3.06±0.62bc
甘薯叶-S332.15±2.08c35.33±0.37c1.96±0.33a2.00±0.06a3.68±0.32b
甘薯叶-S440.12±1.53a36.20±0.88b1.69±0.25a2.07±0.05a2.51±0.44c
甘薯叶-S535.98±2.08b33.82±0.30d2.06±0.01a2.06±0.05a5.70±0.57a
甘薯茎-S149.29±0.58b5.15±0.16d1.00±0.06a0.22±0.02d4.92±0.27c
甘薯茎-S247.48±1.53bc8.02±0.26a1.08±0.06a1.43±0.04a15.36±1.42a
甘薯茎-S345.35±1.15c7.98±0.37a1.26±0.23a0.58±0.04c7.66±0.61b
甘薯茎-S454.51±3.61a7.39±0.31b1.16±0.24a0.64±0.04c15.35±1.88a
甘薯茎-S545.55±1.53c5.47±0.18c1.18±0.08a0.93±0.03b15.36±1.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880174695039141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同品种甘薯叶和茎营养物质差异(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别膳食纤维蛋白质灰分可溶性蛋白可溶性糖
甘薯叶-S134.43±2.00bc37.72±1.06a1.67±0.11a1.41±0.02b3.63±0.85b
甘薯叶-S222.06±1.53d36.66±1.58b1.78±0.16a2.05±0.05a3.06±0.62bc
甘薯叶-S332.15±2.08c35.33±0.37c1.96±0.33a2.00±0.06a3.68±0.32b
甘薯叶-S440.12±1.53a36.20±0.88b1.69±0.25a2.07±0.05a2.51±0.44c
甘薯叶-S535.98±2.08b33.82±0.30d2.06±0.01a2.06±0.05a5.70±0.57a
甘薯茎-S149.29±0.58b5.15±0.16d1.00±0.06a0.22±0.02d4.92±0.27c
甘薯茎-S247.48±1.53bc8.02±0.26a1.08±0.06a1.43±0.04a15.36±1.42a
甘薯茎-S345.35±1.15c7.98±0.37a1.26±0.23a0.58±0.04c7.66±0.61b
甘薯茎-S454.51±3.61a7.39±0.31b1.16±0.24a0.64±0.04c15.35±1.88a
甘薯茎-S545.55±1.53c5.47±0.18c1.18±0.08a0.93±0.03b15.36±1.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880174783119526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

D-optimal mixture design and comprehensive evaluation score

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号ABCDEF综合得分
118.711.643.321.201.0474.0881.39
216.382.007.001.200.6072.8279.60
310.001.006.350.601.2080.8577.76
420.001.655.370.890.7671.3379.94
510.321.547.000.880.9179.3580.82
618.191.755.180.891.2072.7982.54
720.002.003.000.601.2073.2077.36
816.761.654.941.200.6074.8580.08
916.841.683.000.600.6077.2877.33
1013.911.005.411.200.9277.5679.60
1114.431.437.001.201.2074.7579.91
1211.832.007.001.201.2076.7779.74
1310.002.005.320.600.6081.4878.20
1410.001.653.000.601.0683.6980.79
1520.001.003.001.200.6074.2076.85
1610.001.003.001.201.2083.6078.00
1717.812.007.000.601.1271.4778.47
1810.001.533.411.200.6083.2679.17
1920.001.007.001.201.2069.6078.54
2010.321.547.000.880.9179.3580.83
2113.911.005.411.200.9277.5680.07
2212.922.003.000.910.9280.2681.04
2314.981.484.890.921.2076.5283.73
2412.331.005.400.600.6080.0678.90
2510.001.003.000.680.6184.7176.90
2614.981.484.890.921.2076.5282.78
2717.331.007.000.600.6073.4779.18
2819.351.003.800.601.1374.1280.93
2912.922.003.000.910.9280.2681.61
3020.001.655.370.890.7671.3381.12
3110.002.005.871.201.2079.7379.62
), ArticleFig(id=1320880174854422695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

D-最优混料设计及综合评价分值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号ABCDEF综合得分
118.711.643.321.201.0474.0881.39
216.382.007.001.200.6072.8279.60
310.001.006.350.601.2080.8577.76
420.001.655.370.890.7671.3379.94
510.321.547.000.880.9179.3580.82
618.191.755.180.891.2072.7982.54
720.002.003.000.601.2073.2077.36
816.761.654.941.200.6074.8580.08
916.841.683.000.600.6077.2877.33
1013.911.005.411.200.9277.5679.60
1114.431.437.001.201.2074.7579.91
1211.832.007.001.201.2076.7779.74
1310.002.005.320.600.6081.4878.20
1410.001.653.000.601.0683.6980.79
1520.001.003.001.200.6074.2076.85
1610.001.003.001.201.2083.6078.00
1717.812.007.000.601.1271.4778.47
1810.001.533.411.200.6083.2679.17
1920.001.007.001.201.2069.6078.54
2010.321.547.000.880.9179.3580.83
2113.911.005.411.200.9277.5680.07
2212.922.003.000.910.9280.2681.04
2314.981.484.890.921.2076.5283.73
2412.331.005.400.600.6080.0678.90
2510.001.003.000.680.6184.7176.90
2614.981.484.890.921.2076.5282.78
2717.331.007.000.600.6073.4779.18
2819.351.003.800.601.1374.1280.93
2912.922.003.000.910.9280.2681.61
3020.001.655.370.890.7671.3381.12
3110.002.005.871.201.2079.7379.62
), ArticleFig(id=1320880174946697384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Nutritional components of tablet candy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目能量
(J/100 g)
蛋白质(g/100 g)脂肪
(g/100 g)
碳水化合物(g/100 g)膳食纤维(g/100 g)钠
(mg/100 g)
镁
(mg/100 g)
钾
(mg/100 g)
含量1341.0229.342.6031.4826.36195.10156.242560.27
NRV(%)15.9648.904.3310.50105.449.7652.08128.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320880175043166377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

压片糖果营养成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目能量
(J/100 g)
蛋白质(g/100 g)脂肪
(g/100 g)
碳水化合物(g/100 g)膳食纤维(g/100 g)钠
(mg/100 g)
镁
(mg/100 g)
钾
(mg/100 g)
含量1341.0229.342.6031.4826.36195.10156.242560.27
NRV(%)15.9648.904.3310.50105.449.7652.08128.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320880175118663850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Adsorption capacity of sweet potato leaf pressed candy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
持水力(g/g)持油力(g/g)胆固醇吸附力(mg/g)葡萄糖吸附力(mg/g)
4.59±0.162.21±0.50955.51±3.25174.87±3.92
), ArticleFig(id=1320880175177384107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880161965326421, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

甘薯叶压片糖果的吸附力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
持水力(g/g)持油力(g/g)胆固醇吸附力(mg/g)葡萄糖吸附力(mg/g)
4.59±0.162.21±0.50955.51±3.25174.87±3.92
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五种甘薯茎叶的营养功能特性分析及其降糖降脂压片糖果的开发
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王雪 , 孟柯柯 , 詹麒平 , 陈潇 , 赵立艳 *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏—标准化赋能食品及相关产品高质量发展(客座主编:云振宇、史波林、兰韬、刘鹏、赵琳) 2026,47(15): 1-11
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏—标准化赋能食品及相关产品高质量发展(客座主编:云振宇、史波林、兰韬、刘鹏、赵琳) 2026 , 47 (15) : 1 -11
五种甘薯茎叶的营养功能特性分析及其降糖降脂压片糖果的开发
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王雪 , 孟柯柯, 詹麒平, 陈潇, 赵立艳*
作者信息
  • 南京农业大学食品科技学院,江苏南京 211800
通讯作者:
赵立艳(1977−)(ORCID:0000−0003−2363−3815),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品功能评价及功能产品开发、食品风味形成机理及风味产品开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王雪(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品营养与化学,E-mail:

Analysis of the Nutritional Functional Characteristics of Five Types of Sweet Potato Stems and Leaves and the Development of Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Tablet Candies
Xue WANG , Keke MENG, Qiping ZHAN, Xiao CHEN, Liyan ZHAO*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 211800, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100246
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本研究分析了五种甘薯茎和叶的营养组成与功能活性差异,开发了甘薯叶压片糖果并对其进行了体外糖脂代谢活性验证。结果表明,品种与部位对营养成分、功能活性的影响显著:相较于叶,不同品种的甘薯茎均表现出更高的膳食纤维和可溶性糖含量,其中宁菜18-24号茎中含量最高,分别达到54.51 g/100 g和15.35 g/100 g;而甘薯叶中的蛋白质含量显著高于茎部位。此外,宁菜18-24号叶,宁菜3号叶和桂菜 12-557号茎分别有最高的多酚,黄酮和花青素含量。进一步选择宁菜18-24号叶为原料,通过D-最优混料设计优化压片糖果配方(甘薯叶粉76.52%,淀粉14.98%,麦芽糊精4.89%,滑石粉1.48%,木糖醇0.92%,柠檬酸1.20%),证实压片糖果具有优良的持水力、胆固醇吸附力和葡萄糖吸附力,并表现出良好的糖脂代谢调节能力(α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制IC50为0.25 mg/mL,胆固醇胶束形成抑制明显)。本研究为甘薯茎叶的高值化利用与功能性食品开发提供了实验依据和研究基础。

甘薯茎  /  甘薯叶  /  营养特性  /  体外功能活性  /  配方优化  /  压片糖果

This study analyzed the differences in nutritional composition and functional activities of five types of sweet potato stems and leaves, developed sweet potato leaf tablet candies, and conducted in vitro verification of their glucose and lipid metabolic activities. The results indicated that the variety and part had significant effects on the nutritional components and functional activities: compared with the leaves, the stems of different sweet potato varieties all showed higher dietary fiber and soluble sugar contents, among which the stems of Ningcai 18-24 had the highest contents, reaching 54.51 g/100 g and 15.35 g/100 g respectively; while the protein level in sweet potato leaves was significantly higher than that in the stem parts. In addition, the leaves of Ningcai 18-24, the leaves of Ningcai 3 and the stems of Guicai 12-557 had the highest polyphenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents respectively. Further, Ningcai 18-24 leaves were selected as raw materials, and the formula of the tablet candy was optimized through D-optimal mixture design (sweet potato leaf powder 76.52%, starch 14.98%, maltodextrin 4.89%, talcum powder 1.48%, xylitol 0.92%, citric acid 1.20%). It was confirmed that the tablet candy had excellent water-holding capacity, cholesterol adsorption capacity and glucose adsorption capacity, along with significant regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolism (α-glucosidase inhibition IC50 was 0.25 mg/mL, and the inhibition of cholesterol micelle formation was obvious). This study provided experimental basis and research foundation for the high-value utilization of sweet potato stems and leaves and the development of functional foods.

sweet potato stems  /  sweet potato leaves  /  nutritional characteristics  /  in vitro functional activity  /  formula optimization  /  tablet candy
王雪, 孟柯柯, 詹麒平, 陈潇, 赵立艳. 五种甘薯茎叶的营养功能特性分析及其降糖降脂压片糖果的开发. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100246
Xue WANG, Keke MENG, Qiping ZHAN, Xiao CHEN, Liyan ZHAO. Analysis of the Nutritional Functional Characteristics of Five Types of Sweet Potato Stems and Leaves and the Development of Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Tablet Candies[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100246
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas L.)是全球第七大重要粮食作物,广泛种植于世界各地。其块根已被广泛利用,但大量茎叶常被视为农业废弃物,不仅造成资源浪费,也加剧了环境压力[1]。此前的研究多集中于块根中的抗氧化成分(如花青素、类胡萝卜素),对地上部分(茎叶)的关注不足。随着对植物活性成分研究的日益重视,人们开始关注甘薯茎叶(SPL)的营养价值和功能活性[2]。实际上,SPL每年可收获多次,营养丰富,其营养价值高于传统叶菜[3],且富含类胡萝卜素、黄酮类化合物等多种活性物质,具有抗氧化、降血糖、抗炎和免疫调节等功能[4]。这些特点使SPL成为功能性食品、天然添加剂和药物开发的重要原料,但其高价值利用仍缺乏系统研究。
不同品种和部位的SPL在营养成分和生物活性方面存在显著差异[5]。具体而言,甘薯叶的叶黄素含量远高于茎部[3];不同品种间,纯绿色叶片的VC含量更高,而紫绿色叶片则富含花青素[6];此外,多酚与黄酮类物质的品种差异性也直接影响其生物学活性[7]。然而,现有研究多集中于单一品种或少数功能性成分的定性分析,而缺乏对品种和部位的系统比较[8]。这制约了产品的功能性和市场竞争力。因此,本研究旨在系统比较不同品种、部位SPL的营养成分、活性物质及体外功能活性的差异,以期为甘薯茎叶的高值化开发利用提供理论依据。
目前,全球罹患代谢综合征的人群持续增多,糖脂代谢紊乱引起的胰岛素抵抗和脂质谱异常已成为2型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪肝等代谢性疾病的核心原因[9],这助力具有调节糖脂代谢功能的功能性食品需求日益增长,推动了该产业的蓬勃发展[10]。其中,甘薯叶中的多酚和膳食纤维等天然物质是关键的功能性成分[11],它们能够阻止脂肪细胞的氧化损伤以及由自由基引起的促炎因子的释放,靶向调节脂质代谢途径从而调节糖脂代谢。压片糖果在利用这些功能成分方面具有显著优势,其剂型便于精准定量、易于携带与服用,有利于保持活性成分的稳定性,并适合作为日常膳食补充,从而为代谢综合征人群提供方便、可控的功能性食品选择。
本研究对不同品种的SPL进行了系统比较,旨在探究其营养组成、功能成分、体外活性等方面差异。同时采用 D-最优混合设计结合模糊数学评估法优化甘薯叶基压片糖果的开发工艺,初步探究其在体外调节糖脂代谢的潜力。本研究有利于促进SPL的功能性产品开发,将茎和叶从“废弃物”转变为高附加值产品,促进产业创新发展。
五种品种的SPL:宁菜3号(S1)、福薯18号(S2)、福菜7-8号(S3)、宁菜18-24号(S4)和桂菜12-557号(S5) 均由江苏省丘陵地区的南京农业科学研究所(中国南京)提供;α-淀粉酶(5 U/mg)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(50 U/mg)、胰脂肪酶(30 U/mg)、胆固醇酯酶(150 U/mg)、胰蛋白酶(250 U/mg)、胃蛋白酶(USP级,1:30000)、麦芽糊精、淀粉、滑石粉、木糖醇、柠檬酸(均为食品级) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;研究中所使用的所有化学试剂均为分析纯。
AXLK1820-D纯水仪 上海阿修罗科技有限公司;DHG-9123A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;PB 602-N电子天平 上海梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司;JYL-C022E料理机 山东省九阳股份有限公司;YTLG-10A真空冷冻干燥机 上海叶拓科技有限公司;HWS28型电热恒温水浴锅 上海一恒科技有限公司。
五种SPL经清洗、晾干、干燥处理后粉碎过80目筛备用。如图1所示,以甘薯叶和茎为原料进行营养组成测定。参考GB 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》中第一法凯氏定氮法进行粗蛋白含量测定;参考GB 5009.88-2014《食品安全国家标准 食品中膳食纤维的测定》进行膳食纤维含量的测定;参考GB 5009.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》 550 ℃灼烧法进行灰分含量的测定;参考SN/T 3926-2014《出口乳、蛋、豆类食品中蛋白质含量的测定》考马斯亮蓝法进行可溶性蛋白的测定;参考NY/T 2742-2015《水果及制品可溶性糖的测定》3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法进行可溶性糖的测定。
参考余菲等[12]研究方法进行多酚含量测定,用没食子酸标准品制备标准曲线(0~30 mg/L,y=0.0154x+0.0097,R2=0.9932)。甘薯叶、茎分别取1 g加入30 mL 80%的乙醇超声40 min提取多酚类物质。取1.0 mL提取液,加入2.5 mL福林酚,加入2.5 mL 15%的Na2CO3溶液,加水至10 mL,40 ℃下保温60 min 后测定溶液在778 nm处吸光度。根据标准曲线计算待测液体中总多酚的浓度。
$ \mathrm{X}=\frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{V}\times \mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{m}\times 1000} $
式中,X表示SPL中的总多酚含量(mg/g);C表示标准曲线计算待测液体中的总多酚浓度(mg/L);n表示待测液体的稀释比例(10);V表示SPL提取液的体积(mL);m表示质量(g)。
用芦丁标准品制备标准曲线(0~60 mg/L,y=0.0093x−0.015,R2=0.9964)。分别将1.0 mL 甘薯叶、茎的提取液、2 mL乙醇溶液和0.4 mL亚硝酸钠溶液混合,加入0.4 mL硝酸铝溶液,摇匀,静置6 min;加4%氢氧化钠溶液4.0 mL,用乙醇溶液定容至刻度,摇匀,静置15 min。以未加氢氧化钠试剂的溶液为空白。测定510 nm处吸光度,根据标准曲线计算待测样品溶液中总黄酮的浓度,具体方法参考陈芷华等[13]研究。
$ \mathrm{X}=\frac{(\mathrm{c}-{\mathrm{c}}_{0})\times 10\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{m}\times (1-\mathrm{H})} $
式中,X表示样品中总黄酮含量(mg/g);c表示标准曲线得出待测样品溶液总黄酮浓度(mg/L);c0表示空白溶液总黄酮浓度(mg/L);10表示待测液稀释倍数;m表示样品质量(g);V表示样品提取液总体积(L);H表示甘薯茎、叶水分含量(%)。
参考NY/T 2640-2014《植物源性食品中花青素的测定-高效液相色谱法》进行花青素含量测定。分别称取0.1 g甘薯叶、茎,用10 mL的盐酸-甲醇溶液(v/v=1%)进行研磨,于黑暗中保存24 h后分别在525 nm 和657 nm的波长下测定过滤液的吸光度。
$ \text{X}=\frac{{\text{A}}_{525}-0.25\times {\text{A}}_{657}}{ \varepsilon\times \text{m}}\text{×V×DR×M} $
式中,X表示样品中花青素含量(mg/g);DR表示稀释比例;M表示常数449(Cy-3-Glu相对分子质量);$\varepsilon $表示常数29600(Glu消光系数);m表示样品鲜质量(g);V表示提取液总体积(mL)。
持水力(WHC)和持油力(OHC)测定方法参考Huang等[14]的研究。分别称取0.1 g甘薯叶、茎与10 mL 蒸馏水/大豆油混合于离心管(质量记为M),25 ℃下放置过夜。4000 r/min离心20 min,去除上清后称重。
$\rm WHC/OHC (g/g)=\frac{{\text{M}}_{1}-\text{M}}{\text{m}} $
式中,m表示样品质量(g);M表示离心管质量(g);M1表示除上清后样品与离心管质量(g)。
胆固醇吸附力(CAC)测定参考Wu等[15]方法,将0.05 g甘薯叶、茎分别与8 mL蛋黄乳液混合,25 ℃下搅拌2 h,5000 r/min离心15 min。将稀释溶液(0.4 mL,上清液:冰醋酸=1:9)、邻苯二甲醛(0.2 mL,1 mg/mL)和混合酸(4 mL,冰醋酸和硫酸,v/v=1:10)混合,静置 10 min,550 nm处测定吸光度。将蛋黄乳液用作空白对照,同时用胆固醇标准品制备标准曲线(0~1.0 mg/mL,y=0.5568x+0.1041,R2=0.9957)。空试管中分别加入胆固醇溶液0、1、2、3、4、5 mL,依次加入冰乙酸5、4、3、2、1、0 mL,每管加入0.2 mL邻苯二甲醛,4 mL混合酸,混匀后室温静置10 min后测定吸光度。
$ \mathrm{CAC}(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{({\mathrm{C}}_{1}-{\mathrm{C}}_{2})\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{M}} $
式中,C1表示溶液吸附前的胆固醇浓度(mg/mL);C2表示溶液吸附后的胆固醇浓度(mg/mL);V表示溶液体积(mL);M表示样品质量(g)。
葡萄糖吸附力测定参考郭增旺等[16]的方法,称取50 mg甘薯叶、茎分别溶解于8 mL的蒸馏水和葡萄糖溶液中,37 ℃搅拌4 h,5000 r/min离心20 min。用葡萄糖标准品制备标准曲线(0~1.0 mg/mL,y=1.8887x,R2=0.9982),苯酚-硫酸法测定葡萄糖含量。
本研究采用D-最优混料设计作为优化方法,按表1所示设计混料试验因素与水平,选择淀粉、滑石粉、麦芽糊精、木糖醇、柠檬酸和菜用甘薯粉添加量作为六个关键因素。
基于模糊数学建立压片糖果品质评判标准,使用加权平均型M(^,+)算子进行综合评价[17]。确定因素集F和评语集E:以产品色泽(U1)、形态(U2)、组织(U3)、口感和风味(U4)为评价因素,因素集 U={U1,U2,U3,U4};评价等级为优V1(95)、良V2(85)、中V3(75)、差V4(65),评价评语集V={V1,V2,V3,V4}。参考李明泽等[18]研究,按照表2对甘薯叶压片糖果进行感官评价。
构建隶属度矩阵R:确定压片糖果评价权重集,对每一个因素建立从U到V的模糊关系,即R=(rij),通过对不同配方压片糖果不同指标做出的评价进行处理,得到评价矩阵R。
压片糖果隶属度矩阵R=$ \left(\begin{matrix}0.4 & 0.2 & 0.3 & 0.1\\0.2 & 0.6 & 0.1 & 0.1\\0.2 & 0.5 & 0.3 & 0\\0.5 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.1\end{matrix}\right) $
确定因素集的权重向量WF={X1,X2,X3,X4};评语集的权重向量WE={0.15,0.20,0.25,0.40}。
分别参考GB 4789.2-2022《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》和 GB 4789.3-2025《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》测定菌落总数和大肠菌落数量。
营养成分测定具体方法参考1.2.1。脂肪的测定参照GB 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》第一法索氏抽提法进行。采用ICP-MS测定压片糖果中钠、镁、钾元素含量,具体方法参考Agbede等[19]的研究。碳水化合物、能量、NRV(营养素参考值)计算参考GB 28050-2011《食品安全国家标准 预包装食品营养标签通则》。
具体方法见1.2.3。测定压片糖果的持水力、持油力、胆固醇吸附力、葡萄糖吸附力。
称取0.5 g压片糖果,按照料液比1:20在60%乙醇溶液中超声提取30 min,过滤,取上清液进行体外抗氧化活性测定,DPPH自由基清除率、超氧阴离子自由基清除率和羟基自由基清除率根据公式(6)计算。
称取5 mg DPPH自由基粉末,配成25 μg/mL的标准溶液。取不同浓度的压片糖果提取液0.1 mL,加入3 mL DPPH自由基标准溶液,30 ℃避光反应1 h,517 nm波长处测吸光度,具体测定方法参考朱磊等[20]的研究。
参照赵圆圆[21]的研究方法,将2.5 mL Tris-HCl(0.05 mol,pH8.3)置于试管中,加入0.2 mL抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(10 μmol/L)和0.2 mL邻苯三酚(0.05 mol/L)封膜反应10 min,加入2 mL不同浓度的压片糖果提取液,反应20 min。加入0.1 mL 10 mol/L的HCl终止反应,320 nm下检测吸光度。
羟基自由基清除率测定方法参考Li等[22]的研究,依次加入配制好的FeSO4溶液0.6 mL(6.0 mmol/L)、水杨酸-乙醇溶液0.6 mL(6.0 mmol/L)、待测压片糖果提取液0.2 mL,最后加入0.6 mL 0.01%的H2O2溶液启动反应,30 min后510 nm处测定其吸光度。
$ \mathrm{R}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}-({\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{s}})}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中,R表示自由基清除率;A0表示自由基本身的吸光度;A1表示压片糖果与自由基反应后的吸光度;As表示压片糖果本身的吸光度。
α-淀粉酶抑制率测定方法参考许梦粤等[23]的研究,用0.1 mol/L pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)配制压片糖果溶液,加入0.4 mL的α-淀粉酶溶液(0.8 mg/mL)混合(TC组),阿卡波糖为阳性对照组(PC组)。37 ℃下反应10 min,加入0.3 mL的淀粉溶液(2%)混合,37 ℃反应30 min,最后加入2.0 mL的DNS试剂终止实验,样品浓度最终为0.2~1.0 mg/mL。在540 nm波长处测吸光度。
$ \alpha\text{-}淀粉酶抑制率(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{3}-{\mathrm{A}}_{4}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A1表示酶溶液+压片糖果溶液+淀粉溶液+DNS试剂;A2表示压片糖果溶液+淀粉溶液+DNS 试剂;A3表示酶溶液+淀粉溶液+DNS试剂;A4表示酶溶液+压片糖果溶液+DNS试剂。
参照吴文静[24]研究,用0.1 mol/L pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)配制压片糖果溶液,加入0.25 mg/mL的α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液,阿卡波糖为阳性对照组(PC组)。37 ℃水浴恒温10 min,然后加入10 mmol/L PNPG溶液20 μL,37 ℃孵化10 min,加入30 μL Na2CO3终止液,样品最终浓度为0.2~1.2 mg/mL,405 nm处测吸光度。
$ \alpha\text{-}葡萄糖苷酶抑制率(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{3}-{\mathrm{A}}_{4}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A1表示酶溶液+压片糖果溶液+PNPG溶液;A2表示压片糖果溶液+PNPG溶液;A3表示酶溶液+PNPG溶液;A4表示酶溶液+压片糖果溶液。
参考厉芝等[25]研究方法,压片糖果用无水乙醇洗涤,除去小分子糖,置于45 ℃恒温干燥箱中至乙醇挥发完全。称取50 mg压片糖果,加入10 mL 浓度为150 mmol/L葡萄糖溶液,搅拌4 h,并置于装有37 ℃的200 mL蒸馏水的烧杯中透析(截留分子量小于3500 Da)150 min。在不同时间点取0.4 mL透析液,通过苯酚-硫酸法测定葡萄糖浓度。
$ 葡萄糖扩散和透析迟缓指数(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A1为样品组吸光度,A0为对照组(未添加压片糖果的溶液)吸光度。
胰脂肪酶用蒸馏水溶解配成10 mg/mL,4 ℃,13000 r/min,离心8 min。取50 mmol/L 棕榈酸对硝基苯酯溶解在DMSO中,配制浓度为5 mg/L的底物溶液。以奥利司他为阳性对照(PC组)。压片糖果提取液中加入0.2 mL酶液,1.4 mL Tris缓冲液(pH7.4),0.4 mL底物溶液,37 ℃孵育20 min,于405 nm处测定吸光度,具体方法参照朱玲等[26]的研究。
$ 胰脂肪酶抑制率(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{3}-{\mathrm{A}}_{4}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A1表示酶溶液+压片糖果溶液+缓冲液+底物溶液;A2表示压片糖果溶液+缓冲液+底物溶液;A3表示酶溶液+缓冲液+底物溶液;A4表示酶溶液+压片糖果溶液+缓冲液。
胆固醇酯酶抑制率测定参照王亮亮[27]的研究方法,胆固醇酯酶用蒸馏水溶解为0.72 U/mL,4-硝基苯基丁酸酯(PNPB)用乙腈溶解为21.7 mmol/L,反应在0.1 mol/L pH7.0磷酸盐缓冲液(含0.1 mol/L NaCl、5.16 mmol/L牛磺胆酸钠)中进行。 将1 mL pH7.0 的磷酸盐缓冲液、50 μL胆固醇酯酶、25 μL不同浓度压片糖果溶液混匀,以奥利司他为阳性对照(PC组)。37 ℃水浴15 min 后加入10 μL PNPB启动反应,37 ℃水浴30 min后于405 nm处测定吸光度。抑制率按下式计算。
$ 胆固醇酯酶抑制率(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{3}-{\mathrm{A}}_{4}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A1表示酶溶液+压片糖果溶液+缓冲液+PNPB;A2表示压片糖果溶液+缓冲液+PNPB;A3表示酶溶液+缓冲液+PNPB;A4表示酶溶液+压片糖果溶液+缓冲液。
参考冯丹丹等[28]研究方法,将10 mmol/L牛磺胆酸钠,1 mmol/L胆固醇,5 mmol/L油酸和132 mmol/L的NaCl混匀,超声40 min,37 ℃静置。分别加入压片糖果(TC组)和依折麦布(PC组),37 ℃振荡2 h,5000 r/min 离心15 min,取1 mL上清液用冰醋酸将其稀释至10 mL,再从中取稀释液0.4 mL,加入0.2 mL的邻苯二甲醛及4 mL混合酸(冰乙酸和硫酸,v/v=1:10)静置10 min,于550 nm测定吸光度。
通过胃肠道模拟消化液,测定压片糖果在消化道内的葡萄糖吸收能力、脂肪吸收能力及胆酸盐结合指数,具体测定方法参考Dong等[29]的研究。
将0.5 g压片糖果与模拟唾液(SSF)混合,对照组不加压片糖果(PC组),37 ℃,pH7条件下搅拌2 min。与模拟胃液(SGF)混合后加入猪胃蛋白酶溶液(2000 U/mL),37 ℃,pH3条件下搅拌2 h,使用1 mol/L NaOH将混合物pH调至7.0以终止胃阶段反应。将胃期消化的混合物与含有胰酶(100 U/mL)的模拟肠液(SIF)于37 ℃,pH7条件下搅拌2 h以模拟肠道消化。最后沸水浴5 min,离心(6000 r/min,5 min)后,收集各相的上清液,储存在−20 ℃备用。
模拟肠消化阶段,消化液中加入0.5 g食用油,每隔30 min 取5 mL消化液,沸水浴灭酶,测定消化过程中各上清液脂肪含量。同样,在消化液中加入 2 g葡萄糖,相同操作下测定消化过程中各上清液葡萄糖含量。空白组不加食用油/葡萄糖(BG组),并计算压片糖果的葡萄糖吸收能力、脂肪吸收能力。葡萄糖测定方法参考1.2.3.3,脂肪测定方法参考1.2.5.2。
胆酸盐结合力测定参考Zheng等[30]的研究方法,用牛磺胆酸钠标准品制备标准曲线(0.05~0.3 mmol/L,y=0.3016x+0.015,R2=0.9976)。取一定体积(V1)压片糖果消化液(0.1~0.5 mL),并用蒸馏水定容至3 mL,分别加入10 mg/mL胃蛋白酶溶液3 mL和0.01 mol/L的盐酸溶液1 mL,在37 ℃下振荡消化1 h。随后用0.1 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至6.3,加入10 mg/mL胰蛋白酶溶液4 mL,在37 ℃下恒温水浴振荡消化1 h。每个压片糖果中加入0.5 mmol/L牛磺胆酸盐4 mL(V2),恒温水浴振荡1 h,4000 r/min离心20 min,取上清液,于387 nm处测定吸光度,按照标准曲线计算上清中牛磺胆酸盐的含量(M)。
数据分析使用SPSS 22软件。数据以均值±标准差(SD)的形式呈现。对于连续变量,采用单因素方差分析进行多组之间的统计比较。经过Duncan's多范围检验后,P值小于0.05 被认为具有统计学意义,P值小于0.01被认为具有极显著差异,样本量n≥3。
对甘薯叶、茎营养成分对比分析,结果如表3所示,不同品种与部位营养成分、功能活性差异显著。相较于叶,甘薯茎表现出更高的膳食纤维和可溶性糖含量。具体来说,S4在茎和叶中均显示出膳食纤维含量的优势(叶为40.12 g/100 g,茎为54.51 g/100 g),这提示S4是膳食纤维强化食品的理想来源。S5叶中(5.70 g/100 g)和茎中(15.36 g/100 g)的可溶性糖含量最高,这揭示了其在天然甜味剂开发方面的潜力。此外,甘薯茎-S2蛋白质含量最高,达8.02 g/100 g。总之,这些营养分布差异为SPL品种和部位的开发利用提供了依据。
SPL中的多酚、黄酮类化合物和花青素已被证实具有多种促进健康的生物活性,包括抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎和抗糖尿病等作用[31]。不同品种的SPL中功能性成分的含量存在显著差异。如图2所示,甘薯叶-S4,甘薯叶-S1和甘薯茎-S5分别有最高的多酚,黄酮和花青素含量,达到36.87、11.28和6.32 mg/g,表明其具有潜在的抗氧化活性,可作为抗氧化和降血糖等功能性产品研究与开发的原料。
实验结果如图3所示,多数甘薯茎的保水能力高于甘薯叶,这可能是因为甘薯茎中的木质素含量更高,有助于储存和运输水分[32],而甘薯叶有更多气孔,保水能力通常更低。但甘薯叶-S4持水力高于甘薯茎-S4,这可能是因为甘薯叶-S4可溶性膳食纤维含量高,含有更多亲水基团。SPL的吸油能力能够有效地吸附并保留食物中的脂肪,从而增加食物的饱腹感,并有助于减少总体能量摄入[33]。甘薯叶吸油力强于甘薯茎,这可能是因为甘薯叶含有更多的多酚等极性物质,它们分子中的酚羟基等基团也能与油脂分子相互作用,增强化学吸附。甘薯茎的葡萄糖吸附力更强,可能是因为甘薯茎中含有更高比例的不溶性膳食纤维,其多孔网状结构提供了更大的比表面积和更多的物理吸附位点。此外,胆固醇吸附力可用于评估控制体内胆固醇水平、预防动脉硬化和心血管疾病方面的作用[34]。研究结果表明,甘薯叶对胆固醇的吸附能力普遍高于甘薯茎。这可能是因为甘薯叶中含有更多的黄酮等生物活性成分,这些成分能够与胆固醇形成复合物,从而提高了其吸附能力[35]。
由于较高的多酚和膳食纤维含量及良好的吸附特性,后续实验选择甘薯叶-S4开发兼具降血糖和降血脂功能的压片糖果。
使用加权平均型M(^,+)算子,综合评定向量(综合隶属的向量)S=WFR,经归一化得到综合评定值,如表4所示,其中第23组的得分最高(83.727)。利用Design-Expert,以综合得分为响应值进行回归分析,结果显示二项式模型具有显著统计学意义(P<0.0001)。二项式拟合方程为:Y=70.16A−1171.16B+37.67C−2952.40D−2263.01E+76.50F+1251.77AB+79.31AC+3188.03AD+2584.15AE+15.83AF+1433.62BC+5369.51BD+4055.91BE+1332.01BF+3135.56CD+2237.54CE+54.71CF+5007.80DE+3137.08DF+2505.29EF,模型决定系数R2=0.9662(校正后R2Adj=0.8986),表明96.62%的变异可由因素解释。
通过分析3D曲面图及等高线图(图4)发现,各成分交互作用显著(等高线呈椭圆形),综合得分存在极大值。基于D-最优混料设计优化得到最佳配方为:淀粉14.98%、滑石粉1.49%、麦芽糊精4.89%、木糖醇0.92%、柠檬酸1.20%、甘薯叶粉76.52%。
总菌落在稀释10倍的样液中检测出两个菌落(30 CFU/mL),大肠杆菌在稀释10倍、102倍及103倍的样液中均未检出(<1 CFU/mL),符合国家标准,表明产品未受粪便污染或致病菌污染,原料和生产过程卫生控制合格。
压片糖果营养成分含量如表5所示,根据食品营养标签通则,膳食纤维≥6 g/100 g可以称为高或富含膳食纤维或良好来源,脂肪含量≤3 g/100 g为低脂肪产品。产品中膳食纤维含量为26.36 g/100 g,脂肪含量为2.60 g/100 g,是富含膳食纤维且低脂的健康产品。
甘薯叶压片糖果通过其多重吸附特性在调节能量代谢方面展现出显著潜力。表6结果显示,产品持水力为4.59±0.16 g/g,表明其膳食纤维能在胃肠道中吸水膨胀,通过物理扩张产生饱腹信号,有助于控制进食量[36]。同时,2.21±0.50 g/g的持油力使其能有效吸附膳食脂肪,形成不易吸收的复合物,直接减少脂肪消化吸收。该产品还表现出吸附功能,对胆固醇的吸附力为955.51±3.25 mg/g,有助于降低胆固醇吸收并促进其代谢转化;对葡萄糖的吸附力为 174.87±3.92 mg/g,可延缓糖分吸收,平缓餐后血糖波动。这些吸附特性共同构成了该产品在代谢调节方面的物质基础。
实验数据显示(图5),甘薯叶压片糖果具有优异的自由基清除能力。DPPH自由基的清除率随浓度(0.5~2.5 mg/mL)从15.28%升至92.55%,接近VC效果。对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率也在1.0~5.0 mg/mL浓度范围内增加至68.53%。在羟基自由基清除方面,0.2~1.0 g/mL时清除率为45.77%~97.71%,最高浓度下接近VC水平。结果表明,该产品对三类自由基均具显著清除作用,尤其对DPPH和羟基自由基的清除效率与VC相当,展现出良好的天然抗氧化剂开发价值。
实验结果表明,甘薯叶压片糖果能显著抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性(图6)。在浓度为0.4 mg/mL时,α-淀粉酶抑制率达51.43%;在0.20~1.20 mg/mL浓度范围内,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率超40%,显示出良好的降糖潜力。葡萄糖扩散和透析迟缓指数实验进一步证实,压片糖果能够有效延缓葡萄糖的跨膜扩散,这可能是因为膳食纤维的葡萄糖吸附能力能够减少酶反应中的底物量,而多酚可能会通过抑制肠道刷状缘酶的活性进一步延迟葡萄糖释放[37]。此外,膳食纤维形成的黏性胶体能够在消化过程中物理性地阻碍葡萄糖的扩散,减缓其吸收速率,从而降低血糖峰值的波动[38]。
体外实验表明(图7),甘薯叶压片糖果(TC)在0.2~1.2 mg/mL浓度范围内,对胰脂肪酶的抑制率随浓度增加显著升高,说明其可通过抑制甘油三酯和胆固醇分解减少游离脂肪酸吸收。机制可能涉及甘薯叶成分竞争性结合胰脂肪酶疏水中心或干扰酶-底物复合物形成。同时TC组对胆固醇酯酶及胆固醇微粒形成的抑制均有剂量依赖性:前者可能源于活性成分的累积结合效应,后者可能与膳食纤维的物理吸附及植物固醇竞争性结合胆酸有关。这些结果表明,甘薯叶压片糖果可通过多途径抑制胆固醇溶解与吸收,为开发降脂功能食品提供依据[39]。
为探究甘薯叶压片糖果(TC组)在消化过程中的吸附能力,本研究通过体外模拟消化实验分析其作用机制。图8的结果表明,TC组的脂肪残留量始终低于对照组(PC组),可能与甘薯叶多酚通过疏水作用结合游离脂肪酸,以及膳食纤维通过氢键包裹脂肪颗粒有关[40]。在糖代谢方面,TC组消化液的葡萄糖含量显著降低,归因于膳食纤维形成的黏性凝胶延缓葡萄糖扩散,以及多酚抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性。此外,随着压片糖果添加量增加,消化液中胆酸盐含量下降,其机制可能包括膳食纤维对胆汁酸的物理吸附以及多酚对胆汁酸结构的修饰,这共同导致了脂肪乳化效率的降低,进而抑制了脂质吸收[41]。综上,甘薯叶压片糖果可通过协同作用抑制脂肪与葡萄糖吸收,减少能量摄入,为其功能食品的开发提供依据。
本研究证实了不同品种甘薯叶、茎间的营养成分和功能活性差异显著。相较于茎,甘薯叶具有更好的加工适应性,其中,甘薯叶-S4(膳食纤维:40.12 g/100 g;多酚含量:36.87 mg/g)和甘薯叶-S5(可溶性糖:5.70 g/100 g;花青素:5.10 mg/g)是开发降糖、抗氧化功能性食品的理想原料。通过配方优化制备甘薯叶-S4基的压片糖果,甘薯叶粉添加量为76.52%,产品评价揭示其良好的理化性质,在体外实验中表现出良好抗氧化(DPPH:IC50=1.04 mg/mL)、降血糖(α-葡萄糖苷酶:IC50=0.25 mg/mL)、降血脂(胰脂肪酶:IC50=0.83 mg/mL)等活性。本研究促进甘薯茎叶从农业副产物转化为高附加值功能性食品,为产品开发提供了参考方向与理论支持。但仍存在一定局限,如样本规模相对有限,体外实验结论尚需通过动物或临床研究进一步验证,后续可进一步扩大品种筛选范围,深入解析其活性成分的构效关系与作用机制。

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2026年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100246
  • 接收时间:2025-10-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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    南京农业大学食品科技学院,江苏南京 211800

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赵立艳(1977−)(ORCID:0000−0003−2363−3815),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品功能评价及功能产品开发、食品风味形成机理及风味产品开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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