Article(id=1320880138821153230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100183, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760889600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792851965861, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792851965861, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792851965861, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792851965861, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=47, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880139030868431, articleId=1320880138821153230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of Quality Properties of Different Specialty Chicken, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the impact of varieties and anatomical parts on the quality characteristic of chicken, with the aim of providing a reference for the selection of chicken and the assessment of edible quality in the processing of Chinese meat products. Yellow-feathered broiler, spent laying hen and Jianmen native chicken were selected for this particular research to comparatively analyze the differences in their food quality, basic nutritional composition and microstructure differences of chicken meat. It elucidated the influence of varieties and parts of the characteristic chicken on the quality characteristics of characteristic chicken meat. The results indicated that, in terms of breed, spent laying hen of their legs had the greatest hardness and shear force values, as well as the highest protein and moisture contents. The amino acids content and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values were significantly higher relative to those of yellow-feathered broiler (P<0.05), while the inosine monophosphate in the breast muscle was the highest at 235.53 mg/100 g. This indicated that the spent laying hen was rich in taste-active compounds, contributing to a prominent umami taste. The yellow-feathered broiler exhibited the highest fat content (1.93 g/100 g), with orderly arranged myofibrils and well-organized sarcomeres. While the Jianmen native chicken had the lowest hardness and shear force values, while the glutamic acid content and EUC values were significantly higher than those of the other two chicken meat types (P<0.05). With respect to the muscle parts, in comparison to the breast muscle, the thigh muscle had higher contents of fat and moisture. The muscle fibers in the leg meat of yellow-feathered broiler and spent laying hen had a larger diameter and lower density, and a high shear force values, resulting in lower tenderness. In conclusion, the chicken variety had a significant impact on the nutritional components and microstructure of chicken meat. The Jianmen native chicken meat stood out with the best tenderness, elevated levels of umami amino acids, and excellent edible quality, offering clear advantages in chicken meat type. Meat from the spent laying hen was relatively tender yet nutrient-dense, while the yellow-feathered broiler meat had the highest fat content, whilst really tender and juicy.

, authors=Wanqi HU1, 2, Wenqian LEI2, Yasai SUN1, *, Zhaowei CUI3, Jianchuan ZHOU3, Dong HAN2, Chunhui ZHANG2, 4, *, authorsList=Wanqi HU, Wenqian LEI, Yasai SUN, Zhaowei CUI, Jianchuan ZHOU, Dong HAN, Chunhui ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yasai SUN, Chunhui ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880140645675485, articleId=1320880138821153230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同特色鸡肉品质特性解析, columnId=1320880139102171600, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏—标准化赋能食品及相关产品高质量发展(客座主编:云振宇、史波林、兰韬、刘鹏、赵琳), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究品种和部位对特色鸡肉品质的影响,旨在为中式肉制品加工中鸡肉筛选与食用品质评价提供参考。本文以黄羽鸡、淘汰蛋鸡和剑门土鸡为研究对象,对比分析鸡肉食用品质、基本营养成分和微观结构的差异,明确鸡肉品种与部位对特色鸡肉品质特性的影响。结果表明:在品种方面,淘汰蛋鸡腿肉的硬度和剪切力值最大,蛋白质和水分含量高,氨基酸含量和鲜味当量值(equivalent umami concentration, EUC)显著高于黄羽鸡(P<0.05),其胸肉的肌苷酸含量最高,为235.53 mg/100 g,这表明淘汰蛋鸡肉滋味物质丰富,鲜味突出。黄羽鸡脂肪含量最高,为1.93 g/100 g,肌原纤维排列有序,肌节组织整齐。剑门土鸡硬度和剪切力值最低,谷氨酸含量和EUC值显著高于其他两品种(P<0.05)。在部位方面,与胸肉相比,腿肉的脂肪和水分含量更高,黄羽鸡和淘汰蛋鸡腿肉的肌原纤维直径大且密度小,剪切力值大,肉嫩度低。由此可得,品种对鸡肉的营养组分与微观结构有很大的影响,剑门土鸡肉质嫩度最高,鲜味氨基酸含量多,具有良好的食用品质,优势更明显;淘汰蛋鸡肉质嫩度低,营养物质含量高;黄羽鸡肉脂肪含量最高,其肉质嫩度高且多汁。

, authors=胡万琪1, 2, 雷汶茜2, 孙亚赛1, *, 崔钊伟3, 周建川3, 韩东2, 张春晖2, 4, *, authorsList=胡万琪, 雷汶茜, 孙亚赛, 崔钊伟, 周建川, 韩东, 张春晖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙亚赛, 张春晖, authorNote=

胡万琪(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙亚赛(1990−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:。
张春晖(1971−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:肉品科学,E-mail:。
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Food Research International, 2022, 162: 111965., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880140972831198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880140981219807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, companyId=1320880140972831198, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880140997997024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, companyId=1320880140972831198, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880142684107233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880142692495842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, companyId=1320880142684107233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880142705078755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, companyId=1320880142684107233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国农业科学院农产品加工所,农业部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880142788964836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880142801547749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, companyId=1320880142788964836, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Tieqilishi Food Company Limited, Mianyang 621000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880142814130662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, companyId=1320880142788964836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3铁骑力士食品有限责任公司,四川绵阳 621000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880142893822439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880142906405352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, companyId=1320880142893822439, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Institute of Western Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880142927376873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, companyId=1320880142893822439, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉 831100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880147184595482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Color of specialty chicken varieties and parts, figureFileSmall=DdTpnOqXSILWP3xq32r5lw==, figureFileBig=Su1swZ4ETNMNEDrHc2g3vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880147255898651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=图1, caption=特色品种和部位鸡肉色泽

注:“a~c”表示同一部位不同品种之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);“A~B”同一品种不同部位存在显著差异(P<0.05);表1~表4同、图2~图4同。

, figureFileSmall=DdTpnOqXSILWP3xq32r5lw==, figureFileBig=Su1swZ4ETNMNEDrHc2g3vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880147444642332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Basic nutrients of specialty chicken varieties and parts, figureFileSmall=PbtVFwNK7wSkHyHTGTtAbQ==, figureFileBig=MbBoEm7fyn3ynnaFfL12fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880147532722717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=图2, caption=特色品种和部位鸡肉基本营养成分, figureFileSmall=PbtVFwNK7wSkHyHTGTtAbQ==, figureFileBig=MbBoEm7fyn3ynnaFfL12fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880147599831582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=TAV of amino acids in specialty chicken varieties and parts, figureFileSmall=j9M/be4R7BdQxxb994uzwQ==, figureFileBig=/q7hh/PlB1Kfej+XNwmqWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880147675329055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=图3, caption=特色品种和部位鸡肉氨基酸的TAV, figureFileSmall=j9M/be4R7BdQxxb994uzwQ==, figureFileBig=/q7hh/PlB1Kfej+XNwmqWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880147742437920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=TAV of nucleotide in specialty chicken varieties and parts, figureFileSmall=8hvn2ZdpjsW6IPj9EqxEIw==, figureFileBig=BXPprxXv4oIo5akPPYMaNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880147826324001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同品种和部位鸡肉核苷酸的TAV, figureFileSmall=8hvn2ZdpjsW6IPj9EqxEIw==, figureFileBig=BXPprxXv4oIo5akPPYMaNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880147901821474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Microstructure of myofibril bundles in specialty chicken varieties and parts (500×), figureFileSmall=JgK2VvNyoup2xREaW+VE1A==, figureFileBig=QZlHFUJP7VsFrljH/uxPLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880147964736035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=图5, caption=特色品种和部位鸡肉肌原纤维束显微结构(500×)

注:1:黄羽鸡腿;2:淘汰蛋鸡腿;3:剑门土鸡腿;4:黄羽鸡胸;5:淘汰蛋鸡胸;6:剑门土鸡胸;图6同。

, figureFileSmall=JgK2VvNyoup2xREaW+VE1A==, figureFileBig=QZlHFUJP7VsFrljH/uxPLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880148065399332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Ultrastructure of myofibrillar bundles of specialty chicken varieties and parts (12000×), figureFileSmall=cU9/cnvZ7lIYLu8N78NqXw==, figureFileBig=UzbKl4TDEXwbiiqAzwhWFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880148174451237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=图6, caption=特色品种和部位鸡肉肌原纤维束超微结构(12000×), figureFileSmall=cU9/cnvZ7lIYLu8N78NqXw==, figureFileBig=UzbKl4TDEXwbiiqAzwhWFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880148266725926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Amino acid mobile phase ratio

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)体积分数(%)流速(mL/min)
ABC
0.00100.00.00.00100.0
17.0091.05.417.0091.0
24.0080.017.024.0080.0
32.0068.020.032.0068.0
34.0068.020.034.0068.0
35.000.060.035.000.0
37.000.060.037.000.0
38.00100.00.038.00100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320880148333834791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

氨基酸流动相比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)体积分数(%)流速(mL/min)
ABC
0.00100.00.00.00100.0
17.0091.05.417.0091.0
24.0080.017.024.0080.0
32.0068.020.032.0068.0
34.0068.020.034.0068.0
35.000.060.035.000.0
37.000.060.037.000.0
38.00100.00.038.00100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320880148400943656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Texture and shear force of specialty chicken varieties and parts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标腿肉胸肉
黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡
硬度(N)28.14±1.74Bb54.51±3.94Aa20.63±1.03Ac41.47±2.88Aa26.29±3.64Bb20.97±2.47Ab
内聚性0.35±0.03Aa0.33±0.02Aa0.31±0.05Aa0.23±0.06Aa0.23±0.09Aa0.18±0.04Ba
弹性(N)1.07±0.02Aab1.15±0.18Aa0.89±0.02Ab0.97±0.16Aa0.70±0.10Ba0.71±0.13Aa
胶黏性9.42±0.20Ab17.92±0.75Aa6.02±0.01Ac9.58±3.22Aa7.16±1.63Bab3.72±0.93Bb
咀嚼性3.76±0.21Ab6.85±0.27Aa2.07±0.02Ac3.39±1.41Aa2.51±0.82Bab0.85±0.20Bb
剪切力(N)44.07±3.39Ab55.73±2.67Aa28.52±3.28Bc23.67±0.93Bb24.65±0.32Bb49.56±4.96Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320880148489024041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

特色品种和部位鸡肉质构和剪切力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标腿肉胸肉
黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡
硬度(N)28.14±1.74Bb54.51±3.94Aa20.63±1.03Ac41.47±2.88Aa26.29±3.64Bb20.97±2.47Ab
内聚性0.35±0.03Aa0.33±0.02Aa0.31±0.05Aa0.23±0.06Aa0.23±0.09Aa0.18±0.04Ba
弹性(N)1.07±0.02Aab1.15±0.18Aa0.89±0.02Ab0.97±0.16Aa0.70±0.10Ba0.71±0.13Aa
胶黏性9.42±0.20Ab17.92±0.75Aa6.02±0.01Ac9.58±3.22Aa7.16±1.63Bab3.72±0.93Bb
咀嚼性3.76±0.21Ab6.85±0.27Aa2.07±0.02Ac3.39±1.41Aa2.51±0.82Bab0.85±0.20Bb
剪切力(N)44.07±3.39Ab55.73±2.67Aa28.52±3.28Bc23.67±0.93Bb24.65±0.32Bb49.56±4.96Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320880148560327210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Amino acid content of specialty chicken varieties and parts (mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类腿肉胸肉
黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡
天冬氨酸8.12±0.04Bc14.45±0.07Bb24.50±0.00Aa8.36±0.02Ac18.70±0.14Aa18.15±0.07Bb
谷氨酸23.35±0.07Bc38.30±0.14Ab67.90±0.00Aa31.5±0.28Ab44.7±12.59Aab60.50±0.00Ba
鲜味氨基酸总含量31.47±0.04Bc52.75±0.21Ab92.40±0.00Aa39.86±0.26Ab63.4±12.45Aa78.65±0.07Ba
苏氨酸*41.80±0.28Ac50.90±0.14Ab94.35±0.07Aa23.95±0.07Bc33.60±0.00Bb53.30±0.00Ba
丝氨酸21.05±0.07Ac28.55±0.07Ab40.30±0.00Aa17.05±0.07Bc28.6±0.14Ab31.75±0.07Ba
甘氨酸17.30±0.00Ac17.45±0.07Ab22.40±0.00Aa10.45±0.21Bc16.40±0.14Bb19.4±0.00Ba
丙氨酸21.75±0.07Ac22.95±0.21Bb42.00±0.00Aa21.70±0.14Ac29.55±0.07Ab36.20±0.00Ba
甜味氨基酸总含量101.9±0.28Ac119.85±0.21Ab199.05±0.07Aa73.15±0.49Bc108.15±0.35Bb140.65±0.07Ba
缬氨酸*4.89±0.04Bc8.70±0.12Bb21.1±0.00Ba10.65±0.07Ac19.95±0.21Ab24.5±0.00Aa
甲硫氨酸*2.92±0.03Bc6.15±0.40Bb12.00±0.00Ba7.28±0.09Ac11.2±0.14Ab15.3±0.00Aa
异亮氨酸*2.84±0.01Bc6.15±0.18Bb14.35±0.07Ba7.58±0.07Ac12.80±0.14Ab16.25±0.07Aa
亮氨酸*5.39±0.00Bc11.65±0.21Bb25.45±0.07Ba15.05±0.07Ac23.60±0.14Ab31.70±0.00Aa
酪氨酸5.12±0.07Bc6.04±0.16Bb18.35±0.21Ba12.30±0.14Ac15.50±0.14Ab23.15±0.07Aa
苯丙氨酸*5.30±0.06Bc9.94±0.09Bb18.75±0.07Ba12.1±0.14Ac18.55±0.21Ab24.55±0.21Aa
组氨酸5.19±0.01Bc8.33±0.03Bb15.4±0.14Ba8.27±0.02Ac16.45±0.35Ab20±0.14Aa
精氨酸10.75±0.07Bc14.8±0.42Bb32.55±0.07Ba19.9±0.28Ac22.6±0.00Ab36±0.14Aa
色氨酸*−−−−−−
苦味氨基酸总含量42.39±0.28Bc71.74±1.56Bb157.95±0.35Ba93.12±0.52Ac140.65±1.34Ab191.45±0.49Aa
脯氨酸5.00±0.32Ac6.77±0.29Bb14.80±0.14Aa4.52±0.11Bb9.99±0.16Aa10.04±0.09Ba
赖氨酸*11.35±0.07Ac13.60±0.00Bb36.85±0.21Aa10.95±0.35Ac25.90±0.28Ab33.60±0.28Ba
半胱氨酸−−−−−−
总氨基酸含量188.06±5.51Bc264.71±1.69Bb501.05±0.49Aa221.59±0.23Ac348.09±10.30Ab454.39±0.87Ba
EAA/TAA(%)39.63±1.34Ac40.45±0.06Bb44.48±0.03Aa39.51±0.14Ac41.85±1.56Ab43.84±0.01Ba
EAA/NEAA(%)65.67±3.68Ac67.93±0.18Bb80.1±0.09Aa65.32±0.39Ac72.04±4.63Ab78.06±0.03Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1320880148644213291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

特色品种和部位鸡肉氨基酸含量(mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类腿肉胸肉
黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡
天冬氨酸8.12±0.04Bc14.45±0.07Bb24.50±0.00Aa8.36±0.02Ac18.70±0.14Aa18.15±0.07Bb
谷氨酸23.35±0.07Bc38.30±0.14Ab67.90±0.00Aa31.5±0.28Ab44.7±12.59Aab60.50±0.00Ba
鲜味氨基酸总含量31.47±0.04Bc52.75±0.21Ab92.40±0.00Aa39.86±0.26Ab63.4±12.45Aa78.65±0.07Ba
苏氨酸*41.80±0.28Ac50.90±0.14Ab94.35±0.07Aa23.95±0.07Bc33.60±0.00Bb53.30±0.00Ba
丝氨酸21.05±0.07Ac28.55±0.07Ab40.30±0.00Aa17.05±0.07Bc28.6±0.14Ab31.75±0.07Ba
甘氨酸17.30±0.00Ac17.45±0.07Ab22.40±0.00Aa10.45±0.21Bc16.40±0.14Bb19.4±0.00Ba
丙氨酸21.75±0.07Ac22.95±0.21Bb42.00±0.00Aa21.70±0.14Ac29.55±0.07Ab36.20±0.00Ba
甜味氨基酸总含量101.9±0.28Ac119.85±0.21Ab199.05±0.07Aa73.15±0.49Bc108.15±0.35Bb140.65±0.07Ba
缬氨酸*4.89±0.04Bc8.70±0.12Bb21.1±0.00Ba10.65±0.07Ac19.95±0.21Ab24.5±0.00Aa
甲硫氨酸*2.92±0.03Bc6.15±0.40Bb12.00±0.00Ba7.28±0.09Ac11.2±0.14Ab15.3±0.00Aa
异亮氨酸*2.84±0.01Bc6.15±0.18Bb14.35±0.07Ba7.58±0.07Ac12.80±0.14Ab16.25±0.07Aa
亮氨酸*5.39±0.00Bc11.65±0.21Bb25.45±0.07Ba15.05±0.07Ac23.60±0.14Ab31.70±0.00Aa
酪氨酸5.12±0.07Bc6.04±0.16Bb18.35±0.21Ba12.30±0.14Ac15.50±0.14Ab23.15±0.07Aa
苯丙氨酸*5.30±0.06Bc9.94±0.09Bb18.75±0.07Ba12.1±0.14Ac18.55±0.21Ab24.55±0.21Aa
组氨酸5.19±0.01Bc8.33±0.03Bb15.4±0.14Ba8.27±0.02Ac16.45±0.35Ab20±0.14Aa
精氨酸10.75±0.07Bc14.8±0.42Bb32.55±0.07Ba19.9±0.28Ac22.6±0.00Ab36±0.14Aa
色氨酸*−−−−−−
苦味氨基酸总含量42.39±0.28Bc71.74±1.56Bb157.95±0.35Ba93.12±0.52Ac140.65±1.34Ab191.45±0.49Aa
脯氨酸5.00±0.32Ac6.77±0.29Bb14.80±0.14Aa4.52±0.11Bb9.99±0.16Aa10.04±0.09Ba
赖氨酸*11.35±0.07Ac13.60±0.00Bb36.85±0.21Aa10.95±0.35Ac25.90±0.28Ab33.60±0.28Ba
半胱氨酸−−−−−−
总氨基酸含量188.06±5.51Bc264.71±1.69Bb501.05±0.49Aa221.59±0.23Ac348.09±10.30Ab454.39±0.87Ba
EAA/TAA(%)39.63±1.34Ac40.45±0.06Bb44.48±0.03Aa39.51±0.14Ac41.85±1.56Ab43.84±0.01Ba
EAA/NEAA(%)65.67±3.68Ac67.93±0.18Bb80.1±0.09Aa65.32±0.39Ac72.04±4.63Ab78.06±0.03Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1320880148723905068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Nucleotide content of specialty chicken varieties and parts (mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核苷酸种类腿肉胸肉
黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡
GMP−−−4.02±0.48ab4.43±0.39a3.58±0.04b
IMP38.83±0.13Ba6.30±0.75Bc19.72±1.36Bb148.51±0.02Ab235.53±0.25Aa131.57±2.75Ac
AMP58.37±0.03Ac99.28±0.07Aa86.87±3.05Ab55.16±0.02Bb37.37±0.02Bc61.09±2.86Ba
EUC
(g MSG/100 g)
1.46±0.00Bb1.20±0.00Bc3.08±0.00Ba6.60±0.00Ac10.99±0.00Ab11.78±0.00Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320880148807791149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

特色品种和部位鸡肉核苷酸含量(mg/100 g)

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核苷酸种类腿肉胸肉
黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡
GMP−−−4.02±0.48ab4.43±0.39a3.58±0.04b
IMP38.83±0.13Ba6.30±0.75Bc19.72±1.36Bb148.51±0.02Ab235.53±0.25Aa131.57±2.75Ac
AMP58.37±0.03Ac99.28±0.07Aa86.87±3.05Ab55.16±0.02Bb37.37±0.02Bc61.09±2.86Ba
EUC
(g MSG/100 g)
1.46±0.00Bb1.20±0.00Bc3.08±0.00Ba6.60±0.00Ac10.99±0.00Ab11.78±0.00Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320880148879094318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of myofibrillar characteristics of specialty chicken varieties and parts

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指标腿肉胸肉
黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡
肌原纤维直径(µm)29.90±1.48Ab47.47±2.50Aa27.29±3.14Ab28.56±0.14Bb31.97±2.31Ba25.49±2.58Bc
肌原纤维密度n(µm2)117.36±2.49Ba111.23±1.61Bb117.36±2.49Ba134.85±1.48Aa114.00±2.22Ac128.56±1.23Ab
肌节长度(µm)1.56±0.00Bb1.33±0.01Bc1.78±0.00Ba1.73±0.01Ab1.63±0.01Ac1.83±0.00Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320880148946203183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880138821153230, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

特色品种和部位鸡肉肌原纤维特性比较

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指标腿肉胸肉
黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡黄羽鸡淘汰蛋鸡剑门土鸡
肌原纤维直径(µm)29.90±1.48Ab47.47±2.50Aa27.29±3.14Ab28.56±0.14Bb31.97±2.31Ba25.49±2.58Bc
肌原纤维密度n(µm2)117.36±2.49Ba111.23±1.61Bb117.36±2.49Ba134.85±1.48Aa114.00±2.22Ac128.56±1.23Ab
肌节长度(µm)1.56±0.00Bb1.33±0.01Bc1.78±0.00Ba1.73±0.01Ab1.63±0.01Ac1.83±0.00Aa
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不同特色鸡肉品质特性解析
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胡万琪 1, 2 , 雷汶茜 2 , 孙亚赛 1, * , 崔钊伟 3 , 周建川 3 , 韩东 2 , 张春晖 2, 4, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏—标准化赋能食品及相关产品高质量发展(客座主编:云振宇、史波林、兰韬、刘鹏、赵琳) 2026,47(15): 47-55
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏—标准化赋能食品及相关产品高质量发展(客座主编:云振宇、史波林、兰韬、刘鹏、赵琳) 2026 , 47 (15) : 47 -55
不同特色鸡肉品质特性解析
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胡万琪1, 2 , 雷汶茜2, 孙亚赛1, * , 崔钊伟3, 周建川3, 韩东2, 张春晖2, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
  • 2中国农业科学院农产品加工所,农业部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 3铁骑力士食品有限责任公司,四川绵阳 621000
  • 4中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉 831100
通讯作者:
孙亚赛(1990−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:。
张春晖(1971−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:肉品科学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

胡万琪(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品工程,E-mail:

Analysis of Quality Properties of Different Specialty Chicken
Wanqi HU1, 2 , Wenqian LEI2, Yasai SUN1, * , Zhaowei CUI3, Jianchuan ZHOU3, Dong HAN2, Chunhui ZHANG2, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
  • 2Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
  • 3Tieqilishi Food Company Limited, Mianyang 621000, China
  • 4Institute of Western Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100183
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探究品种和部位对特色鸡肉品质的影响,旨在为中式肉制品加工中鸡肉筛选与食用品质评价提供参考。本文以黄羽鸡、淘汰蛋鸡和剑门土鸡为研究对象,对比分析鸡肉食用品质、基本营养成分和微观结构的差异,明确鸡肉品种与部位对特色鸡肉品质特性的影响。结果表明:在品种方面,淘汰蛋鸡腿肉的硬度和剪切力值最大,蛋白质和水分含量高,氨基酸含量和鲜味当量值(equivalent umami concentration, EUC)显著高于黄羽鸡(P<0.05),其胸肉的肌苷酸含量最高,为235.53 mg/100 g,这表明淘汰蛋鸡肉滋味物质丰富,鲜味突出。黄羽鸡脂肪含量最高,为1.93 g/100 g,肌原纤维排列有序,肌节组织整齐。剑门土鸡硬度和剪切力值最低,谷氨酸含量和EUC值显著高于其他两品种(P<0.05)。在部位方面,与胸肉相比,腿肉的脂肪和水分含量更高,黄羽鸡和淘汰蛋鸡腿肉的肌原纤维直径大且密度小,剪切力值大,肉嫩度低。由此可得,品种对鸡肉的营养组分与微观结构有很大的影响,剑门土鸡肉质嫩度最高,鲜味氨基酸含量多,具有良好的食用品质,优势更明显;淘汰蛋鸡肉质嫩度低,营养物质含量高;黄羽鸡肉脂肪含量最高,其肉质嫩度高且多汁。

鸡肉  /  品种  /  部位  /  品质特性  /  关键滋味物质

This study investigated the impact of varieties and anatomical parts on the quality characteristic of chicken, with the aim of providing a reference for the selection of chicken and the assessment of edible quality in the processing of Chinese meat products. Yellow-feathered broiler, spent laying hen and Jianmen native chicken were selected for this particular research to comparatively analyze the differences in their food quality, basic nutritional composition and microstructure differences of chicken meat. It elucidated the influence of varieties and parts of the characteristic chicken on the quality characteristics of characteristic chicken meat. The results indicated that, in terms of breed, spent laying hen of their legs had the greatest hardness and shear force values, as well as the highest protein and moisture contents. The amino acids content and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values were significantly higher relative to those of yellow-feathered broiler (P<0.05), while the inosine monophosphate in the breast muscle was the highest at 235.53 mg/100 g. This indicated that the spent laying hen was rich in taste-active compounds, contributing to a prominent umami taste. The yellow-feathered broiler exhibited the highest fat content (1.93 g/100 g), with orderly arranged myofibrils and well-organized sarcomeres. While the Jianmen native chicken had the lowest hardness and shear force values, while the glutamic acid content and EUC values were significantly higher than those of the other two chicken meat types (P<0.05). With respect to the muscle parts, in comparison to the breast muscle, the thigh muscle had higher contents of fat and moisture. The muscle fibers in the leg meat of yellow-feathered broiler and spent laying hen had a larger diameter and lower density, and a high shear force values, resulting in lower tenderness. In conclusion, the chicken variety had a significant impact on the nutritional components and microstructure of chicken meat. The Jianmen native chicken meat stood out with the best tenderness, elevated levels of umami amino acids, and excellent edible quality, offering clear advantages in chicken meat type. Meat from the spent laying hen was relatively tender yet nutrient-dense, while the yellow-feathered broiler meat had the highest fat content, whilst really tender and juicy.

chicken  /  breed  /  part  /  quality characteristics  /  key taste compounds
胡万琪, 雷汶茜, 孙亚赛, 崔钊伟, 周建川, 韩东, 张春晖. 不同特色鸡肉品质特性解析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 47 -55 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100183
Wanqi HU, Wenqian LEI, Yasai SUN, Zhaowei CUI, Jianchuan ZHOU, Dong HAN, Chunhui ZHANG. Analysis of Quality Properties of Different Specialty Chicken[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 47 -55 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100183
鸡肉因其高蛋白、低脂肪以及价格低廉等特点,驱动其消费需求的增加[1]。根据国家统计局数据分析,2024年我国鸡肉产量2637.39万吨,较2023年增加28.14万吨,增幅1.08%[2]。我国地方特色鸡肉品种丰富,如广州清远的清远鸡、江苏南通的狼山鸡、海南省的文昌鸡、四川省的剑门土鸡和淘汰蛋鸡等地方特色品种鸡,地方鸡肉的营养成分和食用品质会受到品种的影响而产生差异。不同品种特色鸡肉的基本成分存在较大差异[3]。随着消费升级,消费者对鸡肉的风味与口感提出了更高要求,这直接推动了对特色鸡肉食用品质的深入研究。
风味是影响消费者购买鸡肉的主要因素,目前,已有较多关于不同品种鸡肉基本成分和风味的研究。Haunshi等[4]研究表明,印度本土鸡具有较高的蛋白质含量和较低的脂肪含量,氨基酸含量较高,特别是甜味和鲜味的氨基酸。Katemala等[5]研究发现商品鸡肉具有较高的水分、脂肪和呈味核苷酸(IMP和GMP)含量,土鸡肉含有较高的蛋白质、肌苷和不溶性胶原蛋白含量,杂交鸡肉具有较高的剪切力,以及较高AMP含量。Guan等[6]研究了四种中国本土鸡与商品鸡之间风味的差异,结果表明,四种本土鸡尤其是宁海鸡的IMP含量高于商品鸡。李龙等[7]研究发现,与白羽肉鸡相比,黄羽鸡的鸡肉普遍具有低亮度、高红度的外观特点,具有高肌苷酸含量、低肌内脂肪含量的风味特点。巨晓龙等[8]研究不同品种鸡肉的风味物质发现,肌苷酸、氨基酸含量的差异可能是引起风味不同的主要原因之一。Lei等[9]研究了淘汰蛋鸡和剑门土鸡炖煮后的风味差异,利用气相色谱-嗅觉质谱(GC-O-MS)和气相色谱离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)得到淘汰蛋鸡炖煮后风味优于剑门土鸡的结果。上述研究主要集中于不同品种鸡肉理化或风味的单方面比较,缺乏针对不同品种特色鸡肉原料多维品质解析的系统性研究。
本研究以黄羽鸡、淘汰蛋鸡和剑门土鸡为研究对象,采用理化手段分析不同品种特色鸡肉基本组分构成,并利用高效液相色谱法测定氨基酸与核苷酸,评估不同特色鸡肉滋味物质差异,结合扫描电镜与透射电镜对比特色鸡肉的肌纤维超微结构特征,以期为特色鸡肉的加工与利用提供数据参考。
黄羽鸡(月龄10~12个月,体重1.8~2.0 kg) 北京固定零售店;淘汰蛋鸡(月龄10~12个月,体重1.6~1.8 kg)、剑门土鸡(月龄10~12个月,体重1.8~2.0 kg) 四川铁骑力士集团有限公司;每个品种样品量为10只。实验取各品种鸡在0~4 ℃下放置8 h解冻后,取胸肉和腿肉,于−80 ℃超低温冰箱中保存备用,所有样品均在0~4 ℃条件下解冻使用;石油醚(沸点30~60 ℃)、氢氧化钠、硼酸、硫酸铜、硫酸钾 均为分析纯,北京广达恒益科技有限公司;氨基酸混合标准品、AccQ-Tag洗脱液、AccQ-Flour试剂包、核苷酸标准品 美国Sigma公司;醋酸铀、柠檬酸铅、甲醇、乙腈、磷酸 色谱纯,美国FisherScientific公司。
ME403型电子分析天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;CR-400型色差仪 日本柯尼卡美能达公司;C-LM3B型肌肉嫩度仪 北京天翔飞域仪器设备有限公司;TA·XT Plus质构分析仪 英国Stable Micro Systems公司;DH-101-3BS型电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 天津中环电炉股份有限公司;Kjeltec 8100型全自动凯氏定氮仪 福斯华(北京)科贸有限公司;JOYN-SXT-06型索氏抽提器 上海乔跃电子科技有限公司;1260型高效液相色谱仪(配有可变波长紫外检测器和ChemStion数据处理软件) 美国Agilent公司;UC6型超薄切片机 德国徕卡公司;S-4800型扫描电子显微镜 国家纳米中心;H-7500型透射电子显微镜 东京日立公司。
实验所用鸡肉样品均在−80 ℃超低温冰箱中保存。测定前,将样品取出后转移至4 ℃冰箱中缓慢解冻12 h,确保解冻均匀且减少汁液流失。解冻完成后,用滤纸轻轻吸去表面水分。将每个品种的胸肉和腿肉分别沿肌纤维方向修整为1 cm×1 cm×1 cm的立方体(质构测定)、1 cm×1 cm×2 cm的长方体(剪切力测定)、2 mm×2 mm×5 mm的薄片(扫描电镜观察)以及4 mm×4 mm×2 mm的薄片(透射电镜观察),其余指标检测均搅碎处理。修整后的样品立即用于后续指标测定,避免反复冻融。每个品种、每个部位各取10只鸡,每只鸡的样品均独立测定,结果取平均值。
参考Lei等[9]的方法并稍作修改。用色差仪来测量样品的色泽,先用白色校正板进行校正,每个样品取3块,样品紧贴镜口,每个样品选择3个不同的位置进行测定,测定样品L*、a*、b*值并记录。L*值代表亮度值、a*值代表红度值、b*代表黄度值。
参考李建英等[10]的方法并稍作修改,用质构仪进行测定。选用圆柱形探头(P36),测量参数为:测试速度120 mm/min,触发力2 N,形变量40%,间隔时间5 s。每组测量6个平行数据,计算平均值。
采用嫩度仪垂直肌原纤维的方向测定样品的剪切力,探头测试速度1 mm/s,初始测量距离10 cm并记录数值。每组测量7个平行数据,计算平均值。
测定水分含量参考GB 5009.3-2016 《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》中直接干燥法;测定蛋白质含量参考GB 5009.5-2016 《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》中凯氏定氮法;测定脂肪含量参考GB 5009.6-2016 《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》中索氏提取法。
参考季文彤等[11]的方法并稍作修改。称取约5 g切碎肉样,加入20 mL去离子水,于冰浴条件下以18000 r/min速率匀浆3次(每次10 s,间隔10 s)。随后加入20 mL 5% (v/v)三氯乙酸水溶液,混匀后于4 ℃静置12 h。使用定性滤纸过滤,收集滤液并用4 mol/L KOH溶液调节pH至6.0,再用去离子水定容至50 mL。从中移取1 mL溶液,经0.45 μm滤膜过滤,获得待测肉样滤液。进行衍生化时,精确移取10 μL肉样滤液至衍生管中,依次加入70 μL AccQ·Fluor Buffer和20 μL现配的AccQ·Fluor衍生剂。涡旋混合10 s后,于室温静置1 min,随后转入55 ℃烘箱加热10 min。反应完成后,进行RP-HPLC分析,以测定游离氨基酸含量。
色谱条件:色谱柱:Nova-PakTM C18 柱;柱温:37 ℃;紫外检测波长:248 nm;进样量:10 μL;流动相A:按1:10(v/v)将AccQ·Tag Eluent A用超纯水稀释而得;流动相B:乙腈(色谱纯);流动相C:超纯水;流速:1.0 mL/min。流动相比例见表1。
味觉活性值(TAV)的计算,TAV表示滋味物质对样品整体滋味的贡献情况。
$ \text{TAV}=\frac{{\text{T}}_{\text{x}}}{\text{T}} $
式中,Tx:滋味物质的含量,mg/g;T:滋味物质的阈值,mg/g。
参考吴予灿等[12]的方法,并稍作修改。准确称取5.00 g样品于50 mL离心管,加入15 mL 4 ℃的5%高氯酸溶液,于18000 r/min下以间歇模式(工作10 s,间隔10 s,重复3次)进行均质。均质液经4000 r/min离心5 min,收集上清液至100 mL烧杯。残渣再用10 mL 5%高氯酸溶液振荡提取5 min,离心后合并两次上清液。随后,用1 mol/L NaOH溶液调节pH至6.5,将溶液过滤并转移至50 mL容量瓶,用超纯水定容、摇匀。最后,将定容后的溶液经0.45 μm滤膜过滤,所得滤液备用。
色谱条件:色谱柱:Intersil ODS-3(250 mm×4.6 mm);紫外检测波长:260 nm;柱温:30 ℃;流动相A:甲醇(色谱纯);流动相B:0.05%磷酸溶液;流动相洗脱时间:5% A 15 min;流速:1 mL/min;进样量:10 μL。
等效鲜味浓度(EUC)的计算,EUC是味精(g/100 g)的浓度,相当于鲜味氨基酸(谷氨酸、天冬氨酸)和核苷酸(IMP、AMP等)混合物得到的鲜味强度[13],EUC可以直接表达风味核苷酸和鲜味氨基酸之间的协同鲜味增强效果[14]。
$ \rm EUC=\sum{aibi+1218}\sum{(aibi)}\sum\text{(ajbj)} $
式中:EUC为样品的味精当量,g MSG/100 g;ai:样品中鲜味氨基酸(Asp或Glu)的浓度,g/100 g;bi:样品中某鲜味氨基酸相对于MSG的鲜度系数(Glu:1;Asp:0.077);aj:样品中呈味核苷酸(5’-IMP,5’-GMP,5’-AMP)的浓度,g/100 g;bj:样品中某呈味核苷酸相对于IMP的鲜度系数(5’-IMP:1,5’-GMP:2.3,5’-AMP:0.18);1218为协同作用常数。
参考Farouk等[15]的方法进行扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)分析。采用扫描电子显微镜在恒定电压5 kV下观察不同品种鸡肉微观结构的区别。将待检测样品固定在2.5%戊二醛溶液中,然后用0.1 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.3)冲洗,在室温(27~28 ℃)放置24 h后将样品用蒸馏水冲洗,随后采用不同浓度25%、50%、70%和95%及无水乙醇梯度脱水2次,每次1 h。样品在液氮中冷冻断裂后放入超临界CO2干燥仪中干燥,然后用Eiko I B·5型离子溅射喷金仪喷金,用Quanta 200 FEG场发射环境扫描电子显微镜观察并照相,加速电压20 kV,以500×放大倍数拍摄切片的显微图像。
参考Cui等[16]的方法,采用透射电镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)观察不同品种鸡肉的肌原纤维超微结构。将待测样品放入2.5%戊二醛固定液进行前固定。随后,使用0.1 mol/L磷酸缓冲液冲洗,并在通风橱内以1%四氧化锇进行后固定,时长2 h。固定完成后,再次用磷酸缓冲液冲洗,并依次进行乙醇梯度脱水和无水丙酮置换3次(每次7~15 min)。经脱水后的样品用包埋剂包埋,再经UC6型超薄切片机切片,最后通过醋酸铀-柠檬酸铅双染色,使用H-7500型透射电镜在12000×放大倍数下观察并采集图像。
实验各指标至少重复三次,并记录数据。用Excel进行数据处理,实验结果用“平均值±标准差”来表示。利用Image-Pro Plus软件对肌原纤维直径、肌原纤维密度、肌节长度进行定量分析。用SPSS进行单因素ANOVA检验和独立样本t检验分析,以P<0.05表示有显著性差异。用Origin 2024和Graphpad Prism 10.1.2绘图。
肉色是决定消费者接受度的主要因素之一[17]。鸡肉的颜色受多种因素的影响,而品种、肌红蛋白和血红素色素的含量等是其最为关键的因素。由图1可知,不同品种的鸡肉色泽差异显著(P<0.05),这可能是因为不同品种鸡肉肌红蛋白和血红色素浓度不同导致[5];黄羽鸡胸肉的L*值最高,显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.05);淘汰蛋鸡腿肉b*值最高,说明相较于黄羽鸡和剑门土鸡,淘汰蛋鸡腿肉的色泽颜色偏黄。同一个品种,鸡腿肉和鸡胸肉色泽差异显著(P<0.05),这与周兴虎等[18]研究海兰褐蛋鸡胸肉和腿肉色泽结果类似,鸡腿肉a*值显著高于鸡胸肉(P<0.05),可能是因为鸡腿肉中含有更多的肌红蛋白[19]。
质构特性作为肉品品质的主要指标,是衡量肉制品嫩度与口感的关键因素[20]。如表2所示,黄羽鸡、淘汰蛋鸡、剑门土鸡腿肉的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性存在差异显著(P<0.05),这可能是因为肌纤维结构和结缔组织比例不同导致[21]。硬度是肉发生形变时所受力大小的反应,与肌肉的水分和脂肪含量密切相关[22],淘汰蛋鸡腿肉硬度为54.51 N,显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.05);弹性反映的是肉受力压缩后恢复原状的能力[23],其中剑门土鸡腿肉弹性最低,说明其肉质更为紧实。剪切力值是垂直于纤维切割肉所需的最大负荷,与嫩度成反比[24]。由表2可知,淘汰蛋鸡腿肉剪切力值最大,显著高于黄羽鸡和剑门土鸡(P<0.05),这说明淘汰蛋鸡腿肉嫩度较低,可能由于其拥有较粗的肌原纤维直径和较低的肌原纤维密度;相反,黄羽鸡胸肉的剪切力值最低,表明其嫩度较高。黄羽鸡和淘汰蛋鸡腿肉剪切力值显著高于其胸肉(P<0.05),该结果与Sabikun等[25]发现商品鸡胸肉的嫩度值显著高于腿肉的结果相似(P<0.05)。
特色品种鸡肉的基本营养成分结果如图2所示,黄羽鸡、淘汰蛋鸡、剑门土鸡胸肉的水分含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),剑门土鸡胸肉的水分含量是71.28 g/100 g,显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.05);黄羽鸡和淘汰蛋鸡腿肉的水分含量显著高于胸肉(P<0.05),可能与腿肉和胸肉肌原纤维紧密程度不同有关。剑门土鸡胸肉的蛋白质含量与其他两个品种胸肉的蛋白质含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),说明品种对蛋白质含量的影响较大[26],剑门土鸡胸肉蛋白质含量最高,为27.55 g/100 g。腿肉和胸肉之间蛋白质含量存在差异显著(P<0.05),胸肉的蛋白质含量高于腿肉,这是由于二者的肌纤维类型不同,胸肉主要由IIB型(快缩糖酵解型)纤维组成[27],因此蛋白质含量更高。脂肪含量会影响肉的风味和多汁性[28],黄羽鸡腿肉的脂肪含量为1.93 g/100 g,显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.05);腿肉的脂肪含量显著高于胸肉(P<0.05),这与Straková等[29]得出雉鸡和肉鸡腿肌的脂肪含量高于胸肉的结论一致。
肉中氨基酸含量对其风味有显著影响,其中天冬氨酸和谷氨酸为肉类提供鲜味,丙氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸为肉类提供甜味,缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和色氨酸为肉类提供苦味[30–31]。由表3可知,特色鸡肉中共有16种氨基酸被检测到,不同品种鸡肉中的氨基酸含量差异显著(P<0.05),说明氨基酸含量受鸡肉品种的影响很大[32]。三个品种中剑门土鸡肉有较高的甜味与鲜味氨基酸含量,使其在风味上兼具甜味和鲜味优势。剑门土鸡腿中谷氨酸的含量显著高于黄羽鸡和淘汰蛋鸡(P<0.05),腿肉中的含量为67.90 mg/100 g,胸肉中的含量为60.50 mg/100 g;剑门土鸡腿肉中苏氨酸的含量为94.35 mg/100 g,胸肉中苏氨酸的含量为53.30 mg/100 g,显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.05)。TAV能够反映滋味物质对样品整体滋味的贡献情况,TAV>1的化合物被认为对味道的贡献较大[33]。如图3所示,鸡肉中谷氨酸和精氨酸的TAV>1,表明对鸡肉味道贡献较大;其中,谷氨酸是鸡肉鲜味的关键滋味物质,谷氨酸含量差异可能是导致三个品种鸡肉鲜味差异的原因。
同时,氨基酸也是鸡肉中的重要营养成分,其组成与含量对鸡肉的营养价值起着至关重要的作用[34]。衡量鸡肉营养价值的指标之一是总氨基酸含量,总氨基酸含量越高,认为鸡肉的营养价值越高。氨基酸总量最高为剑门土鸡腿肉,最低为黄羽鸡腿肉,说明剑门土鸡肉的营养价值高。WHO/FAO的标准中规定肉中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(essential amino acids/total amino acids,EAA/TAA)接近40%、必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(essential amino acids/non-essential amino acids,EAA/NEAA)大于60%代表其蛋白质质量高[30]。如表3所示,三种特色鸡肉EAA/TAA的范围在39.51%~44.48%且EAA/NEAA的结果均大于40%,说明三种特色鸡肉都是优质蛋白质的来源。
核苷酸是评估食品滋味品质的重要指标,也可通过与其他呈味物质相互作用来调控滋味强度,是决定肉类感官品质的核心因素[31]。特色鸡肉核苷酸含量结果如表4所示,其中IMP能够提升肉的鲜味[35],三个品种胸肉中IMP含量明显高于腿肉含量(P<0.05),这与Xu等[36]研究黄羽鸡腿肉和胸肉的核苷酸含量变化,得出胸肉中IMP含量明显高于腿肉结果,其中淘汰蛋鸡胸肉IMP含量最高,为235.53 mg/100 g;AMP能够提供甜味[37],淘汰蛋鸡腿肉中AMP含量显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.05);胸肉中AMP含量最高的品种为剑门土鸡;腿肉中AMP含量显著高于胸肉中(P<0.05)。三个品种腿肉均未检出GMP。用EUC值来比较不同特色品种鸡肉的鲜味程度,由表4可得,不同品种和部位的EUC值差异显著(P<0.05),EUC值最大的特色品种是剑门土鸡,其腿肉的EUC值为3.08 g MSG/100 g,胸肉的EUC值为11.78 g MSG/100 g。因此,剑门土鸡的鲜味优于其他品种的鸡肉。对GMP、IMP、AMP的TAV进行计算,结果如图4所示,胸肉中IMP的TAV>1,表明其为胸肉鲜味的主要呈味物质,且以淘汰蛋鸡的贡献最为突出;三个品种腿肉中AMP的TAV>1,则显示AMP是决定腿肉甜味的关键成分。
利用扫描电镜观察肌肉纤维的微观结构,结果如图5所示,探究不同品种鸡腿肉和鸡胸肉在微观结构方面的区别。从腿肉的微观结构可以看出,黄羽鸡与淘汰蛋鸡均表现出结构完整、排列有序、间隙狭窄的特点。相比之下,淘汰蛋鸡的肌原纤维直径更大而密度更低,剑门土鸡则呈现明显不同的形态,其肌原纤维排列疏松,间隙宽大,说明品种不同会导致肌原纤维产生差异[38];从胸肉的微观结构可以得到,相比于腿肉,胸肉的肌原纤维直径较小,相应地其肌原纤维密度大,肉的嫩度与肌原纤维的直径成反比、密度成正比[39],由此可得,胸肉嫩度高于腿肉,与前文黄羽鸡和淘汰蛋鸡胸肉剪切力值低于腿肉结果一致。
肉的宰后嫩化会导致肌肉纤维结构的变化,包括细胞骨架和I带的破坏以及肌肉纤维和肌膜的分离[40],肉的嫩度越高,肌节的长度越长,因此肌肉肌节长度与肉的嫩度成正比。许多蛋白质亚基的组装形成了肌节的高度组织结构,这些结构蛋白的降解会导致肌肉的结构变化,在一定程度上影响肉质[41]。透射电镜的结果如图6所示,可以观察肌原纤维的超微结构,能够看到肌原纤维明暗相间的条纹,并且明带和暗带的宽度也不同,不同品种鸡肉的肌节长度不同。黄羽鸡肌原纤维排列有序,呈现出具有明带、暗带、H带、M线和Z线的规整的肌节结构;剑门土鸡明带、M线和Z线模糊不清,表明剑门土鸡的肌原纤维造成了一些损伤。
对肌原纤维直径、密度和肌节长度进行定量分析,结果如表5所示,三个品种鸡胸肉的肌原纤维直径有显著差异(P<0.05),其中剑门土鸡胸肉的肌原纤维直径最细为25.49 µm;淘汰蛋鸡的肌原纤维密度最小,剑门土鸡和黄羽鸡腿肉的肌原纤维密度无显著差异(P>0.05);剑门土鸡胸肉肌节长度最长,为1.83 µm,显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.05)。从部位方面来看,腿肉的肌原纤维直径比胸肉大,其中淘汰蛋鸡腿肉的肌原纤维直径最大,相应地肌原纤维密度腿肉比胸肉小,胸肉的肌节长度也显著高于腿肉(P<0.05)。
基本营养成分结果表明,剑门土鸡胸肉水分和蛋白质含量最高,黄羽鸡腿肉脂肪含量最高。食用品质评价结果显示,剑门土鸡肉嫩度最高,淘汰蛋鸡肉嫩度最低。在滋味成分分析上,剑门土鸡肉鲜味和甜味氨基酸含量和等效鲜味浓度值最大。微观结构分析可得,淘汰蛋鸡肌原纤维直径较大、密度较低、肌节较短,与其肉质嫩度较低的表现一致。综上所述,不同品种鸡的原料肉品质特性有差异,其中剑门土鸡肉表现出较优的食用品质,兼具较低硬度和较高营养价值。本研究为鸡肉的品种筛选与食用品质评价提供参考依据,系统评估了品种及部位对特色鸡肉品质影响。然而,本文仅针对不同品种和部位鸡肉的基本理化指标与营养品质进行了分析,尚未涉及其在深加工过程中的功能特性与加工适应性。后续研究可进一步围绕鸡肉的加工特性展开,从而为鸡肉精深加工与高值化利用提供更全面的理论支持。

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2026年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100183
  • 接收时间:2025-10-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-20
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    1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
    2中国农业科学院农产品加工所,农业部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京 100193
    3铁骑力士食品有限责任公司,四川绵阳 621000
    4中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉 831100

通讯作者:

孙亚赛(1990−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:。
张春晖(1971−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:肉品科学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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