Article(id=1320175974298275854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060081, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749398400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684079955, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684079955, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684079955, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684079955, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=286, endPage=293, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320175974835146768, articleId=1320175974298275854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of the Coexistence of Oat β-Glucan and Tea Polyphenols on the Quality of Wheat Flour Noodles, columnId=1320175974747066383, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Food Additives, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Enhancing the nutritional profile of noodles by incorporating bioactive components such as dietary fiber and polyphenols has become an important strategy to meet consumers' health demands. However, the impact of their coexistence on noodle quality requires further investigation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of the combined addition of oat β-glucan (OβG) and tea polyphenols (TP) on noodle qualities, primarily through the evaluation of cooking, textural, and digestive properties. The results showed that the addition of TP increased noodle hardness, whereas the incorporation of OβG (1%→5%) led to decrease (about 23.02%) in hardness and chewiness (about 20.47%) in the OβG+TP groups, indicating that OβG can mitigate the adverse effects of TP on noodle textural properties. When the TP content increased to 2%, the optimal cooking time of the OβG+TP groups (2.56 min) was lower than the TP groups (3.00 min), while the cooking loss (5.85%) was higher compared to the TP groups (5.23%). Furthermore, TP significantly inhibited the protein and starch digestion of noodle. However, with the addition of OβG (5%), the protein digestibility in the OβG+TP group was significantly higher (45.73%) compared to the corresponding TP group (40.33%). Moreover, the OβG+TP group also had a higher proportion of rapidly digestible starch (35.02% vs. 32.41%) and a lower proportion of resistant starch (46.38% vs. 50.18%). These results demonstrated that the presence of OβG attenuates the inhibitory effect of TP on in vitro protein and starch digestion in noodles.

, authors=Zhou MEI1, Wenjun WANG1, Xinlu FENG1, Wenjing XIE1, Lingli CHEN1, Hui CHEN1, Qing XIAO2, *, Suyun LIN1, *, authorsList=Zhou MEI, Wenjun WANG, Xinlu FENG, Wenjing XIE, Lingli CHEN, Hui CHEN, Qing XIAO, Suyun LIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qing XIAO, Suyun LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320175978949759001, articleId=1320175974298275854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=燕麦β-葡聚糖和茶多酚共存对面条品质的影响, columnId=1320175975099387921, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=食品添加剂, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过添加膳食纤维和多酚等生物活性成分强化面条营养,已成为用来满足消费者健康需求的重要策略,但是两者共存对面条品质的影响有待进一步探究。因此,本文旨在探究燕麦β-葡聚糖(OβG)和茶多酚(TP)共存对面条品质的影响,主要通过测定面条蒸煮、质构和消化等特性进行品质表征。结果表明,TP的添加增加了面条硬度,而OβG(1%→5%)的添加导致OβG+TP复合组中面条硬度和咀嚼度分别下降23.02%和20.47%,说明OβG的存在有利于恢复TP对面条硬度和咀嚼度造成的负面影响。当TP含量增加到2%,在OβG+TP复合组中,面条最佳蒸煮时间(2.56 min)低于单独添加TP组别(3.00 min),蒸煮损失率(5.85%)高于单独添加TP的组别(5.23%)。此外,TP会显著抑制蛋白质和淀粉消化,但随着OβG的添加(5%),与对应的单独添加TP的组别(蛋白质消化率为40.33%)相比,OβG+TP复合组中观察到的蛋白质消化率显著升高(45.73%);复合组含更高比例的快消化淀粉(35.02% vs. 32.41%),及更低比例的抗消化淀粉(46.38% vs. 50.18%)。综上,OβG的存在会削弱TP对面条体外蛋白质和淀粉消化的抑制作用。

, authors=梅州1, 王文君1, 冯鑫璐1, 谢文静1, 陈凌利1, 陈慧1, 肖青2, *, 林苏芸1, *, authorsList=梅州, 王文君, 冯鑫璐, 谢文静, 陈凌利, 陈慧, 肖青, 林苏芸, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=肖青, 林苏芸, authorNote=

梅州(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能性食品的开发与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
肖青(1969−),女,本科,副研究员,研究方向:天然产物提取与食品检测,E-mail:。
林苏芸(1990−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:功能性食品开发与研究,E-mail:。
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梅州(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能性食品的开发与利用,E-mail:

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注:不同小写字母表示数据差异显著,P<0.0;图2、图3同。

, figureFileSmall=xTlbS/gJFycqegIUZyXM3w==, figureFileBig=/SQ8TZ+wElWJo5R2pP1xIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176000269406300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175974298275854, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of OβG, TP, and OβG+TP on the cooking loss rate of noodles, figureFileSmall=ecYlMIdZh0wN1/wBRAmI0w==, figureFileBig=O5zhY6HsFNcvegBfQpxzfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176000332320861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175974298275854, language=CN, label=图2, caption=OβG、TP和OβG+TP对面条蒸煮损失率的影响, figureFileSmall=ecYlMIdZh0wN1/wBRAmI0w==, figureFileBig=O5zhY6HsFNcvegBfQpxzfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176000420401246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175974298275854, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of OβG, TP, and OβG+TP on the protein digestibility (A), RDS (B), SDS (C), and RS (D) of noodles, figureFileSmall=W5lZEyYRrjP2/10XCPtC/w==, figureFileBig=yls1bYD7UPMLQe6GFkIsYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176000483315807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175974298275854, language=CN, label=图3, caption=OβG、TP和OβG+TP对面条蛋白质消化率(A)、快消化淀粉(B)、慢消化淀粉(C)和抗消化淀粉(D)的影响, figureFileSmall=W5lZEyYRrjP2/10XCPtC/w==, figureFileBig=yls1bYD7UPMLQe6GFkIsYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176000563007584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175974298275854, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of OβG, TP, and OβG+TP on the optimum cooking time and breakage rate of noodles

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样品最佳蒸煮时间(min)断条率(%)
对照(0%)4.83±0.00a0b
1%OβG4.94±0.08a0b
3%OβG4.61±0.08b0b
5%OβG4.17±0.14c0b
0.5%TP4.22±0.08c0b
1%TP3.78±0.08d0b
2%TP3.00±0.14e11.7±2.36a
1%OβG+0.5%TP4.50±0.00b0b
3%OβG+1%TP3.83±0.14d0b
5%OβG+2%TP2.56±0.08f13.3±2.36a
), ArticleFig(id=1320176000781111393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175974298275854, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

OβG、TP和OβG+TP对面条最佳蒸煮时间和断条率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品最佳蒸煮时间(min)断条率(%)
对照(0%)4.83±0.00a0b
1%OβG4.94±0.08a0b
3%OβG4.61±0.08b0b
5%OβG4.17±0.14c0b
0.5%TP4.22±0.08c0b
1%TP3.78±0.08d0b
2%TP3.00±0.14e11.7±2.36a
1%OβG+0.5%TP4.50±0.00b0b
3%OβG+1%TP3.83±0.14d0b
5%OβG+2%TP2.56±0.08f13.3±2.36a
), ArticleFig(id=1320176000860803170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175974298275854, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of OβG, TP, and OβG+TP on the texture properties of noodles

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样品硬度(g)弹性内聚性咀嚼度(g)
0%1365.23±29.24b0.897±0.015a0.640±0.09abcd784.42±37.27abc
1%OβG1238.59±23.28c0.923±0.004a0.651±0.09ab744.72±25.72c
3%OβG1099.92±32.40d0.914±0.003a0.639±0.09abcd642.92±28.93de
5%OβG928.56±56.41e0.906±0.009a0.659±0.09a553.74±15.26fg
0.5%TP1407.06±29.30b0.897±0.019a0.636±0.09bcd803.13±30.58ab
1%TP1474.45±17.56a0.902±0.007a0.626±0.09cd831.78±5.74a
2%TP1527.87±20.83a0.828±0.016b0.617±0.09d779.89±22.47bc
1%OβG+0.5%TP1198.66±7.43c0.906±0.015a0.630±0.09bcd684.19±9.90d
3%OβG+1%TP1053.36±24.87d0.907±0.016a0.629±0.09bcd600.04±8.08ef
5%OβG+2%TP923.46±31.46e0.911±0.008a0.647±0.09abc544.39±16.71g
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OβG、TP和OβG+TP对面条质构特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品硬度(g)弹性内聚性咀嚼度(g)
0%1365.23±29.24b0.897±0.015a0.640±0.09abcd784.42±37.27abc
1%OβG1238.59±23.28c0.923±0.004a0.651±0.09ab744.72±25.72c
3%OβG1099.92±32.40d0.914±0.003a0.639±0.09abcd642.92±28.93de
5%OβG928.56±56.41e0.906±0.009a0.659±0.09a553.74±15.26fg
0.5%TP1407.06±29.30b0.897±0.019a0.636±0.09bcd803.13±30.58ab
1%TP1474.45±17.56a0.902±0.007a0.626±0.09cd831.78±5.74a
2%TP1527.87±20.83a0.828±0.016b0.617±0.09d779.89±22.47bc
1%OβG+0.5%TP1198.66±7.43c0.906±0.015a0.630±0.09bcd684.19±9.90d
3%OβG+1%TP1053.36±24.87d0.907±0.016a0.629±0.09bcd600.04±8.08ef
5%OβG+2%TP923.46±31.46e0.911±0.008a0.647±0.09abc544.39±16.71g
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燕麦β-葡聚糖和茶多酚共存对面条品质的影响
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梅州 1 , 王文君 1 , 冯鑫璐 1 , 谢文静 1 , 陈凌利 1 , 陈慧 1 , 肖青 2, * , 林苏芸 1, *
食品工业科技 | 食品添加剂 2026,47(12): 286-293
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食品工业科技 |食品添加剂 2026 , 47 (12) : 286 -293
燕麦β-葡聚糖和茶多酚共存对面条品质的影响
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梅州1 , 王文君1, 冯鑫璐1, 谢文静1, 陈凌利1, 陈慧1, 肖青2, * , 林苏芸1, *
作者信息
  • 1江西农业大学食品科学与工程学院,江西南昌 330045
  • 2江西省科学院应用化学研究所,江西南昌 330096
通讯作者:
肖青(1969−),女,本科,副研究员,研究方向:天然产物提取与食品检测,E-mail:。
林苏芸(1990−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:功能性食品开发与研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

梅州(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能性食品的开发与利用,E-mail:

Effect of the Coexistence of Oat β-Glucan and Tea Polyphenols on the Quality of Wheat Flour Noodles
Zhou MEI1 , Wenjun WANG1, Xinlu FENG1, Wenjing XIE1, Lingli CHEN1, Hui CHEN1, Qing XIAO2, * , Suyun LIN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
  • 2Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060081
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通过添加膳食纤维和多酚等生物活性成分强化面条营养,已成为用来满足消费者健康需求的重要策略,但是两者共存对面条品质的影响有待进一步探究。因此,本文旨在探究燕麦β-葡聚糖(OβG)和茶多酚(TP)共存对面条品质的影响,主要通过测定面条蒸煮、质构和消化等特性进行品质表征。结果表明,TP的添加增加了面条硬度,而OβG(1%→5%)的添加导致OβG+TP复合组中面条硬度和咀嚼度分别下降23.02%和20.47%,说明OβG的存在有利于恢复TP对面条硬度和咀嚼度造成的负面影响。当TP含量增加到2%,在OβG+TP复合组中,面条最佳蒸煮时间(2.56 min)低于单独添加TP组别(3.00 min),蒸煮损失率(5.85%)高于单独添加TP的组别(5.23%)。此外,TP会显著抑制蛋白质和淀粉消化,但随着OβG的添加(5%),与对应的单独添加TP的组别(蛋白质消化率为40.33%)相比,OβG+TP复合组中观察到的蛋白质消化率显著升高(45.73%);复合组含更高比例的快消化淀粉(35.02% vs. 32.41%),及更低比例的抗消化淀粉(46.38% vs. 50.18%)。综上,OβG的存在会削弱TP对面条体外蛋白质和淀粉消化的抑制作用。

面条  /  燕麦  /  β-葡聚糖  /  茶多酚  /  蒸煮特性  /  质构特性  /  消化特性

Enhancing the nutritional profile of noodles by incorporating bioactive components such as dietary fiber and polyphenols has become an important strategy to meet consumers' health demands. However, the impact of their coexistence on noodle quality requires further investigation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of the combined addition of oat β-glucan (OβG) and tea polyphenols (TP) on noodle qualities, primarily through the evaluation of cooking, textural, and digestive properties. The results showed that the addition of TP increased noodle hardness, whereas the incorporation of OβG (1%→5%) led to decrease (about 23.02%) in hardness and chewiness (about 20.47%) in the OβG+TP groups, indicating that OβG can mitigate the adverse effects of TP on noodle textural properties. When the TP content increased to 2%, the optimal cooking time of the OβG+TP groups (2.56 min) was lower than the TP groups (3.00 min), while the cooking loss (5.85%) was higher compared to the TP groups (5.23%). Furthermore, TP significantly inhibited the protein and starch digestion of noodle. However, with the addition of OβG (5%), the protein digestibility in the OβG+TP group was significantly higher (45.73%) compared to the corresponding TP group (40.33%). Moreover, the OβG+TP group also had a higher proportion of rapidly digestible starch (35.02% vs. 32.41%) and a lower proportion of resistant starch (46.38% vs. 50.18%). These results demonstrated that the presence of OβG attenuates the inhibitory effect of TP on in vitro protein and starch digestion in noodles.

wheat flour noodles  /  oat  /  β-glucan  /  tea polyphenols  /  cooking properties  /  textural properties  /  digestive properties
梅州, 王文君, 冯鑫璐, 谢文静, 陈凌利, 陈慧, 肖青, 林苏芸. 燕麦β-葡聚糖和茶多酚共存对面条品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 286 -293 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060081
Zhou MEI, Wenjun WANG, Xinlu FENG, Wenjing XIE, Lingli CHEN, Hui CHEN, Qing XIAO, Suyun LIN. Effect of the Coexistence of Oat β-Glucan and Tea Polyphenols on the Quality of Wheat Flour Noodles[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 286 -293 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060081
面条因其加工便捷、口感优良等特点,是最常见的传统主食之一。然而,传统精制面条在营养组成方面已难以满足消费者日益增长的营养健康需求。因此,通过向面条中引入膳食纤维和多酚等生物活性成分以提高其营养健康价值,已成为食品营养强化领域的重要策略和研究热点[1]。已有研究表明,单独添加多酚或膳食纤维会对面条的蒸煮、质构和消化特性等品质特性造成影响。例如Wang等[2]发现添加姜黄素可会降低面条的硬度、粘附性、咀嚼性。Tang等[3]研究表明表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯在降低面条的淀粉消化率的同时,可显著改善其蒸煮品质。Aravind等[4]证实添加5%可溶性菊粉可有效抑制淀粉水解,但会显著延长面条最佳蒸煮时间并增加蒸煮损失率。
燕麦β-葡聚糖(OβG)具有调节血脂血糖、抗癌等生理活性,同时其较高的持水性和黏性也能在食品加工中有效增加食品粘稠度和改善品质[5]。茶多酚(TP)具有抗炎、降血糖等生理功能,同时在食品加工中能赋予食品抗氧化、抑菌性等特性[6]。OβG和TP各自独特的健康功效和食品加工特性使其广泛应用于食品原料或添加剂领域,因此,两种活性成分在面条制品中共存的现象也日渐普遍。近年来,研究人员通过单独添加OβG或TP至面条体系,探究其对面条品质的影响。例如Lee等[7]发现适量添加OβG能改善面条的蒸煮特性,但过量OβG对面条的硬度、风味等质量特性造成负面影响。Han等[8]研究表明适量TP能提高面条弹性和咀嚼度。此外,研究还发现单独添加OβG或TP均会抑制淀粉体外消化[9−10]。然而,现有研究多聚焦于OβG或TP单独添加对面条的影响,而关于二者共存对面条影响的研究相对匮乏。本课题先前研究表明OβG和TP共存时,OβG能增强TP对面筋蛋白聚集性的影响[11],增强对TP面团流变特性,削弱对面团糊化特性的影响[12],这极有可能会对最终面条的品质造成负面影响。
然而,目前两者共存对面条品质特性的影响有待进一步探明,基于此,本研究选取面条作为研究对象,解析OβG、TP和OβG+TP对面条品质包括面条蒸煮特性(最佳蒸煮时间、断条率、吸水率和蒸煮损失率)、质构特性(硬度、弹性、内聚性和咀嚼度)以及消化特性(蛋白质消化和淀粉消化)的影响,为研发膳食纤维和多酚共存的面条提供理论依据与技术支持,同时为研发膳食纤维和多酚共存的食品提供一些新的灵感。
中筋面粉 来源于佛山市南海平南面粉有限公司;81.1%OβG 来源于广州中康食品有限公司;91.4%TP 来源于湖州荣凯叶提取物有限公司;麦芽糖标准品、P8160胃蛋白酶(≥250 U/mg)、T8150胰蛋白酶(250 U/mg)、3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)试剂、淀粉含量试剂盒 均来自北京索莱宝有限公司;A769410猪胰α-淀粉酶(40~60 U/mg) 来自上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;其余实验试剂均为分析级;实验用水均为蒸馏水。
Kitchen Aid 5 QT和面机 美国凯膳怡公司;DM-DYYM02压面机 浙江俊媳妇厨具有限公司;Scientz-10N冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝生物科技有限公司;FW-100 高速万能粉碎机 北京市永光明医疗仪器有限公司;SMS质构仪 厦门超技仪器设备有限公司;M2酶标仪 美国MDC公司;DU-19 GW磁力搅拌水浴锅 宁国沙鹰科学仪器有限公司。
在面粉中添加不同比例替代物(OβG、TP和OβG+TP)用于制备混合粉。OβG≥5%会对面团特性产生负面影响[13],因此选用1%、3%和5%的OβG作为浓度梯度进行研究。根据中国食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准(GB 2760-2014),小麦粉产品的TP(儿茶素为指标)浓度在0.02 g/100 g以内,考虑到TP研究的其他一些实际应用[14−15],最后,计算出小麦面粉中TP的最高添加量为2%,因此,选择0.5%、1%和2%的TP作为研究的梯度浓度。
对于OβG组别,OβG含量分别占混合粉总重量的1%、3%、5%(w/w);对于TP组别,TP含量分别占混合粉总重量的0.5%、1%、2%(w/w);对于OβG+TP组别,替代物分别占混合粉总重量的1%OβG+0.5%TP、3%OβG+1%TP、5%OβG+2%TP(w/w);不添加OβG、TP作为空白对照,记为“0”。面条的制备参考Han等[8]的方法并进行适当修改。根据预实验结果,水分添加量为面团吸水率的75%,即含有1%、3%和5%OβG组别的水分添加量分别为44.03、47.00和50.29 mL/100 g;含有0.5%、1%和2%TP组别的水分添加量分别为42.34、42.04和41.74 mL/100 g;含有1%OβG+0.5%TP、3%OβG+1%TP和5%OβG+2%TP组别的水分添加量分别为43.61、46.77和49.39 mL/100 g;空白对照组的水分添加量为42.90 mL/100 g。随后使用和面机先2档(高速)运行2 min,再切换成1档(低速)运行5 min,收集面絮并立即密封静置20 min。使用压面机将面絮先5档压3次,然后7档压2次成面片,面片被切成长15 cm、厚1.5 mm、宽2.5 mm的面条。
参考Li等[16]的方法并进行适当修改。取20根1.2.1制备的面条置于400 mL沸水中,每间隔10 s取样一根,将其切成1 cm长段后夹在两块玻璃板之间观察面条中间白芯的变化,以白芯刚好完全消失的时间记为最佳蒸煮时间。
取1.2.1制备的鲜面条20根置于400 mL沸水中,在最佳蒸煮时间下,记录面条断条数量,并根据以下公式计算面条断条率:
$ \mathrm{断条率(\text{%})=\frac{断条数量}{总蒸煮面条数量}\times100} $
取20 g鲜面条置于400 mL沸水中蒸煮至最佳蒸煮时间,随后捞出面条至冷水中5 s,然后将其取出,擦干表面水分后测量重量[17]。面条吸水率(Water absorption index,%)按照下列公式计算:
$ \mathrm{面条吸水率(\text{%})=[m}_{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{-m}_{\mathrm{1}}\mathrm{\times(1-w)]/[m}_{\mathrm{1}}\mathrm{\times(1-w)]}\times100 $
其中,m2为面条煮熟擦干水分后的重量,g;m1为未蒸煮前鲜面条的重量,g;w为未蒸煮前鲜面条水分含量,%。
收集1.2.2.3的面汤,冷却后加蒸馏水定容至500 mL。取其中50 mL面汤转移至100 mL烧杯中,经电炉初步干燥后,于105 ℃下鼓风干燥机烘干至恒重[18]。蒸煮损失率按照下列公式计算:
$ \mathrm{面条蒸煮损失率(\text{%})=m}_{\mathrm{3}}\mathrm{\times10/[m}_{\mathrm{1}}\mathrm{\times(1-w)]}\times100 $
其中,m3为烘干残留物质重量,g,m1为未蒸煮前鲜面条的重量,g,w为未蒸煮前鲜面条水分含量,%。
参考Nguyen等[19]方法。将煮至最佳蒸煮时间的面条迅速置于蒸馏水中冷却5 s,取出后擦干表面水分,密封于自封袋中静置6 min。质构仪经校准后,选择Pasta硬度/黏度实验。测试条件:TPA模式,P50探头,应变70%,测试前速度4.0 mm/s,测试中速度1.0 mm/s,测试后速度1.0 mm/s,触发力10.0 g,间隔时间1 s。记录面条硬度、弹性、内聚性和咀嚼度。
参考Englyst等[20]的方法并稍微修改测定蛋白质消化。根据1.2.2.1所得的最佳蒸煮时间制备熟面条,面条冷却后立即置于−80 ℃保存一晚,随后转移至−20 ℃冰箱保存,利用冷冻干燥机对面条进行干燥处理,再将干燥后的面条用粉碎机使其粒度小于80目。消化分为胃和小肠消化两个阶段。在胃消化阶段:称取0.5 g冻干面条粉置于50 mL离心管中,加入5 mL 10 mg/mL胃蛋白酶溶液(胃蛋白酶溶于0.01 mol/L,pH1.5 HCl-KCl缓冲液),将混合体系置于37 ℃恒速磁力搅拌水浴锅中培养30 min。在小肠消化阶段:将胃消化阶段结束的混合溶液用NaOH溶液调节至中性,再依次加入15 mL、0.1 mol/L乙酸钠缓冲液(pH6.8),1 mL、1 mg/mL胰蛋白酶溶液(胰蛋白酶溶解在乙酸钠缓冲液中),0.1 mL、250 U/mL猪胰α-淀粉酶溶液(猪胰α-淀粉酶溶解在乙酸钠缓冲液),继续在37 ℃恒速磁力搅拌水浴锅中孵育2 h后,取其中1 mL消化液,于沸水中加热5 min使酶失活。采用考马斯亮蓝法,用牛血清蛋白标准品制作标准曲线测量蛋白质含量,根据以下公式计算蛋白质消化率:
$ \mathrm{蛋白质消化率(\text{%})=(c}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{-c}_{ \mathrm{1}} \mathrm{)/c}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{\times 100} $
其中,c0代表消化前面条中蛋白质的含量;c1代表消化结束后面条中蛋白质的含量。
根据1.2.4.1步骤进行细微调整测量淀粉消化。在1.2.4.1步骤中小肠消化阶段取0、20、120 min时间节点混合物0.2 mL于0.6 mL无水乙醇中使酶失活,离心(10000×g,20 min)后用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法测量上清液中还原糖含量。用淀粉含量试剂盒测定面条中总淀粉含量(TS)。快消化淀粉(RDS)、慢消化淀粉(SDS)和抗性淀粉(RS)计算参考下列式:
$ \mathrm{RDS(\text{%})=(G}_{ \mathrm{20}} \mathrm{-G}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{)\times 0.95/TS\times 100} $
$ \mathrm{SDS(\text{%})=(G}_{ \mathrm{120}} \mathrm{-G}_{ \mathrm{20}} \mathrm{)\times 0.95/TS\times 100} $
$ \mathrm{RS(\text{%})=100\text{%}-RDS-SDS} $
其中,G0为游离还原糖含量;G20为20 min后释放还原糖含量;G120为120 min后释放还原糖含量;TS为样品中总淀粉含量;0.95为淀粉转换系数[21]。
所有试验至少重复三次,实验结果以平均值±标准差表示。采用SPSS 27.0软件,选择Duncan多元极差检验法分析样本间统计学差异,同一指标的所有数据一起分析,不同的字母表示在P<0.05水平上差异显著。
如表1所示,同一添加物(OβG、TP或OβG+TP)组中,随着添加物含量的增加,面条最佳蒸煮时间呈显著(P<0.05)下降的趋势。
在仅添加OβG组中,造成这种现象可能是一方面,OβG阻碍和破坏面筋网络结构,这有利于水分进入面条内部,导致面条更容易煮熟[22−23]。另一方面,推测OβG可能作为填料分布于面筋蛋白网络结构[24],其高亲水性有利于水分快速渗透至面条内部,增加淀粉和蛋白质与水接触效率,从而导致蒸煮时间变短。值得指出的是,与空白对照组相比,单独添加1%OβG的面条最佳蒸煮时间无显著变化,这可能是由于OβG添加量较低,对面筋蛋白破坏程度有限。
在仅添加TP组中,造成这种现象可能是,其一,TP亲水性酚羟基与支链淀粉侧链相互作用,不同程度的结合到淀粉颗粒的非晶态区,从而改变晶体和非晶体基质之间的耦合力,使得淀粉颗粒用以水化、凝胶化所需的热能较少,蒸煮时间下降[25]。其二,随着TP含量增加,面条中游离巯基含量显著(P<0.05)增加[11],导致面筋网络被破坏,水分更容易进入面条内部,引起最佳蒸煮时间降低。
在二者共存组中,面条最佳蒸煮时间与单独添加TP组别的相似,这表明TP是影响面条最佳蒸煮时间的主要因素。而当面条中OβG与TP含量分别达到5%与2%,面条最佳蒸煮时间(2.56 min)显著(P<0.05)低于单独添加TP(3 min)和OβG(4.17 min)的组别,这表明高浓度的OβG促使含有TP的面条更快成熟。这与OβG会诱导面筋扩张,促进更多TP进入和攻击面筋蛋白,导致面筋网络进一步被破坏,使得水分更容易进入面条内部有关[11]。
此外,OβG不会导致面条断条,但不论是否添加OβG,当TP含量到达2%时,面条断条率均显著(P<0.05)增加,这表明TP含量是影响面条断条率的主要因素。一般而言,面团延展性越好,面条断条率越低。但过量TP破坏面筋网络结构,从而使面条断裂。
在蒸煮过程中,面条中淀粉、蛋白质等基质会吸水膨胀,从而导致面条吸水率出现改变。如图1所示,添加OβG并不会导致面条吸水率出现显著(P<0.05)差异。无论是否添加OβG;添加TP均会降低面条吸水率,这表明TP是影响面条吸水率的主要因素。推测这可能与TP和水竞争与面筋蛋白、淀粉之间氢键结合位点有关[11,26]。此外,由于TP促使面筋蛋白解聚,面筋网络结构被破坏[11],导致被面筋蛋白包裹的淀粉颗粒暴露程度增加,促使面条在蒸煮过程中有更多淀粉、蛋白等基质溶出,从而造成面条吸水率下降。王瑞斌等[27]也报道了多酚的添加导致面条蒸煮吸水率下降。
如图2所示,随着OβG含量增加(0→5%),面条蒸煮损失率增大,这可能是因为,一方面,OβG与面筋蛋白竞争吸水,阻碍形成面筋网络[13],从而导致镶嵌或被面筋蛋白网络包裹的淀粉颗粒暴露,在蒸煮过程中溶出。另一方面,OβG属于水溶性膳食纤维,在蒸煮过程中溶出同样会增加面条蒸煮损失。
随着TP含量增加(0→2%),面条蒸煮损失率增大,这可能是由于TP破坏维持稳定面筋网络的二硫键,促使面筋蛋白分解,面筋网络发生断裂,增大淀粉颗粒暴露程度和数量[14],导致面条在蒸煮过程中蛋白质、淀粉颗粒损失高于对照组。
而随着二者共存含量增加,面条蒸煮损失(5.85%)增大,且高于单独添加OβG(4.67%)和TP(5.23%)组别,这表明二者共存会促使面条基质损失。原因可能是OβG促使面筋形成开放结构,增加TP进入面筋蛋白内部,加剧面筋网络破坏程度,增加淀粉暴露程度,使其在蒸煮过程中更容易流失,从而造成蒸煮损失率显著(P<0.05)增加。
面条质构特性直接影响消费者接受度,通过使用质构仪TPA模型可以科学准确测定面条硬度、弹性、内聚性和咀嚼度等指标,从而有助于客观判断面条品质[23]。面条硬度越大,咬断时所需要力越大,在一定范围内,面条硬度越小,淀粉凝胶越软,咀嚼度越小[28]。咀嚼度数值上与硬度、弹性、内聚性三者乘积相同[29]。
如表2所示,随着TP含量增加(0→2%),面条硬度显著(P<0.05)增加,这可能是因为当淀粉糊化和老化时,直链淀粉和支链淀粉发生聚集和重排,并通过氢键和空间构象形成稳定淀粉网络结构[30]。由于TP酚羟基和直链淀粉之间易通过氢键发生交联和重排,形成结构更加致密淀粉凝胶,从而增加面条硬度[3]。添加TP导致面条硬度显著(P<0.05)上升,而面条咀嚼度无显著变化,这可能与添加TP导致面条弹性下降有关。因为过量TP通过促进游离巯基含量来破坏面筋网络结构,并促使面筋蛋白发生解聚,从而导致面条弹性降低,降低面条品质[11,31]。OβG的存在会导致TP面条弹性无显著性变化,这说明OβG能改善添加TP导致面条弹性下降的影响。推测这与OβG能与TP相结合[32],弱化TP对淀粉弹性的负面影响。
不管是否添加TP,随着OβG含量增加(1%→5%),面条硬度和咀嚼度分别下降23.02%和20.47%(表2),且质构相关参数与单独添加OβG值更接近,这表明当TP与OβG共存时,OβG是影响面条质构特性的主要因素。这可能是因为OβG降低淀粉回生,抑制淀粉老化,从而降低面条硬度和咀嚼度[33]。有文献报道,淀粉老化现象会增加面条硬度,这对于维持面条质构特性具有负面影响[34]。此外,随着OβG含量增加,面筋网络结构被稀释,也会降低面条硬度和咀嚼度[35]。
如图3A所示,同一添加物(OβG、TP或OβG+TP)均会抑制面条蛋白质消化。在仅添加OβG组中,造成这一现象的原因可能是OβG黏度高,可能形成凝胶,从物理层面上阻碍蛋白酶与面筋蛋白相结合,从而导致蛋白质消化率下降。此外,添加OβG导致面筋蛋白聚集,面筋蛋白构象发生改变[36−37],这可能会减少面筋蛋白与蛋白酶结合位点从而导致消化率降低。Zhang等[37]也报道了膳食纤维的添加导致小麦面条蛋白质消化受到抑制。
在仅添加TP组中,当TP含量增加到2%时,蛋白质消化率下降34.11%。这一现象与TP同酶结合,抑制蛋白酶活性有关[38]。在添加5%OβG+2%TP共存组中,蛋白质消化率降低了25.29%,这是因为OβG可能与TP相互作用,削弱TP对蛋白酶活性的抑制作用[39−40],从而使OβG与TP共存面条蛋白质消化率(45.73%)相比于同浓度下TP面条的消化率(40.33%)有所增加。此外,OβG与TP共存会使得面筋蛋白解聚,面筋蛋白展开或被破坏[11],增加蛋白质与蛋白酶结合位点,从而一定程度上增加蛋白质消化率,削弱TP对蛋白质消化抑制效果。
OβG、TP和OβG+TP的添加导致面条快消化淀粉含量下降(图3B),慢消化淀粉无显著变化(图3C),抗性淀粉含量上升(图3D),表明添加二者均会抑制淀粉消化。这与前人研究结果存在差异,主要是由于原料来源,实验方法、条件以及环境因素等影响所导致,但本文研究的总体趋势与前人相同[41−42]。OβG降低淀粉消化,可能是因为,一方面,OβG作为部分替代组分添加至面条体系时,OβG作为膳食纤维具有抗酶解性[43];另一方面,OβG能增加混合物体系黏度,从物理层面上阻碍淀粉酶与淀粉相结合[44]。
而TP降低面条消化率,其原因可能是TP会与直链淀粉形成V形络合物,增加抗性淀粉含量[45],从而抑制淀粉消化。此外,TP会抑制淀粉酶活性,导致淀粉消化受到抑制[46]。
当二者共存,在低剂量下淀粉消化率与单独添加TP时的淀粉消化率一致,但在高剂量下淀粉消化率低于同剂量下单独添加TP的淀粉消化率,例如当TP含量达到2%时,共存组别的快消化淀粉(35.02%)高于TP单独存在(32.41%)组,抗消化淀粉(46.38%)低于TP单独存在(50.18%)组。这可能是因为,一方面,OβG同TP竞争酶的结合位点,削弱TP对淀粉酶活性抑制效果,一定程度上提高淀粉消化率[40]。另一方面,OβG自身能从物理层面降低淀粉消化率。在低剂量时,前者与后者进行一定程度上抵消,从而导致淀粉消化率相比于同条件下单独添加TP时的淀粉消化率无显著变化,而高剂量时前者作用大于后者,从而表现出削弱效果。
本文通过与单独添加OβG和TP面条比较,研究OβG+TP对面条品质的影响。结果表明,当OβG与TP在面条中共存时,OβG是影响面条质构特性(硬度和咀嚼度)的主要因素, TP是影响面条最佳蒸煮时间、吸水率和蒸煮损失率的主要因素,且添加OβG会增强TP对面条的影响,造成这一现象主要是由于OβG会诱导面筋扩张,促进更多TP进入和攻击面筋蛋白,从而增强TP对面条的影响。此外,OβG和TP均会抑制面条体外消化(蛋白质消化和淀粉消化),TP对面条体外消化抑制作用更强,且当二者同时存在时,OβG能削弱TP对面条体外消化的抑制作用。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060081
  • 接收时间:2025-06-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09
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    1江西农业大学食品科学与工程学院,江西南昌 330045
    2江西省科学院应用化学研究所,江西南昌 330096

通讯作者:

肖青(1969−),女,本科,副研究员,研究方向:天然产物提取与食品检测,E-mail:。
林苏芸(1990−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:功能性食品开发与研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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