Article(id=1320175906652537034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050131, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747324800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684063827, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684063827, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684063827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684063827, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=223, endPage=234, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320175906900000971, articleId=1320175906652537034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation Process and Hypoxia Resistance of Turnip-Sea Buckthorn Compound Beverage, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: This study aimed to develop a functional beverage using turnip (Brassica rapa) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), which were traditional medicinal and edible plants, and to investigate its ameliorative effect and potential mechanisms against hypoxia-induced injury. Methods: The formulation of the turnip-sea buckthorn compound beverage was optimized using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. After optimization, mouse models of normobaric hypoxia and sodium nitrite poisoning were established. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in heart, brain, and lung tissues were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results: The optimal formulation was determined to be 22.0% sea buckthorn juice, 1.0% turnip extract, 7.5% high-fructose syrup, and 0.1% citric acid, which yielded a sensory score of 80.5±1.3. The physicochemical indices (including soluble solids at 8.00%, total sugar at 9.12%, and total acid at 3.31 g/L) all complied with relevant national standards. In animal studies, administration of the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups (8.45, 16.90, and 33.80 g/kg·d, respectively) resulted in a significant extension of survival time under normobaric hypoxia by 19.92%, 19.31%, and 18.97% (P<0.05), respectively. Concurrently, the beverage treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) while reducing the MDA content in the heart, brain, and lung tissues. Western blot analysis further revealed that the compound beverage ameliorated oxidative stress and modulated the energy metabolism pathway via the suppression of HIF-1α protein expression and IL-6 release. Conclusion: The optimized turnip-sea buckthorn compound beverage effectively improved hypoxia tolerance. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant capacity and inhibition of the HIF-1α/IL-6 inflammatory pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods aimed at mitigating hypoxia-induced damage.

, authors=Mengni WANG1, Zhongqin YANG2, Mengying LIANG2, Heyan YU3, Ming FANG1, *, Zhanguo WANG1, 2, Weiqiang FAN4, authorsList=Mengni WANG, Zhongqin YANG, Mengying LIANG, Heyan YU, Ming FANG, Zhanguo WANG, Weiqiang FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming FANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320175910800703720, articleId=1320175906652537034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=芜菁沙棘复合饮料的制备工艺及耐缺氧作用, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:以药食同源植物芜菁和沙棘为原料,开发一种具有耐缺氧作用的功能性饮料,研究其缓解缺氧损伤的作用机制。方法:通过单因素实验及响应面试验优化芜菁沙棘复合饮料配方工艺。建立常压耐缺氧及亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠模型,检测心、脑、肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,通过HE染色和Western blot分析缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)及白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)表达水平。结果:芜菁沙棘复合饮料最佳配方为沙棘汁22.0%、芜菁提取液1.0%、果葡糖浆7.5%、柠檬酸0.1%,感官评分80.5±1.3,理化指标(可溶性固形物8.00%、总糖9.12%、总酸3.31 g/L)符合国家标准;动物实验中,低、中、高剂量组(8.45、16.90、33.80 g/kg·d)显著延长常压缺氧小鼠存活时间19.92%、19.31%、18.97%(P<0.05),并提高心、脑、肺组织中SOD、CAT及GSH-Px抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量。Western blot结果表明,复合饮料通过抑制HIF-1α蛋白表达及IL-6释放,缓解氧化应激并调控能量代谢通路。结论:优化得到芜菁沙棘复合饮料制备最佳工艺,可通过增强抗氧化能力并抑制HIF-1α/IL-6炎症通路提高机体缺氧耐受力,为功能性食品开发提供理论依据。

, authors=王孟妮1, 杨忠琴2, 梁梦莹2, 余和晏3, 方明1, *, 王战国1, 2, 范维强4, authorsList=王孟妮, 杨忠琴, 梁梦莹, 余和晏, 方明, 王战国, 范维强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=方明, authorNote=

王孟妮(1991−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:老年慢性疾病健康管理及医养技术研究,药食同源中药保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
方明(1973−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:老年慢性疾病健康管理及医养技术研究,药食同源中药保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:。
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王孟妮(1991−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:老年慢性疾病健康管理及医养技术研究,药食同源中药保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:

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王孟妮(1991−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:老年慢性疾病健康管理及医养技术研究,药食同源中药保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:

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注:与模型组相比,“*”表示P<0.05,“**”表示P<0.01,“***”表示P<0.001,“ns”代表不显著(P>0.05);图7~图11、图14同。

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注:A:MDA;B:CAT;C:SOD;D:GSH-Px;与正常组相比,“#”表示P<0.05,“##”表示P<0.01;图8~图11、图14同。

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Sensory evaluation criteria of turnip-sea buckthorn compound beverage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目要求
色泽
(20分)
色泽均匀明亮,呈现橙色,无杂色(15~20)
色泽一般,偏黄色或偏暗,有杂色(8~14)
色泽失调,颜色呈现黄色或颜色较暗(0~7)
口感
(30分)
酸甜适中,无苦涩味,口味清爽(21~30)
酸甜较适中,略带苦涩味,口味较清爽(11~20)
酸甜失调,有明显苦涩味,口味不够清爽(0~10)
气味
(30分)
具有沙棘、芜菁两者的果香味,香味均匀协调,无异味(21~30)
果香味较淡,气味基本协调,无异味(11~20)
果香味不协调,有异味(0~10)
形态
(20分)
组织状态均匀,无分层、沉淀现象(15~20)
组织状态较均匀,略微有分层或者沉淀现象(8~14)
组织状态不均匀,有明显的分层或者沉淀现象(0~7)
), ArticleFig(id=1320175920971891019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

芜菁沙棘复合饮料的感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目要求
色泽
(20分)
色泽均匀明亮,呈现橙色,无杂色(15~20)
色泽一般,偏黄色或偏暗,有杂色(8~14)
色泽失调,颜色呈现黄色或颜色较暗(0~7)
口感
(30分)
酸甜适中,无苦涩味,口味清爽(21~30)
酸甜较适中,略带苦涩味,口味较清爽(11~20)
酸甜失调,有明显苦涩味,口味不够清爽(0~10)
气味
(30分)
具有沙棘、芜菁两者的果香味,香味均匀协调,无异味(21~30)
果香味较淡,气味基本协调,无异味(11~20)
果香味不协调,有异味(0~10)
形态
(20分)
组织状态均匀,无分层、沉淀现象(15~20)
组织状态较均匀,略微有分层或者沉淀现象(8~14)
组织状态不均匀,有明显的分层或者沉淀现象(0~7)
), ArticleFig(id=1320175921307435340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Response surface factors and levels table for turnip-sea buckthorn compound beverage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A沙棘汁
添加量(%)
B芜菁提取液
添加量(%)
C果葡糖浆
添加量(%)
−1150.755
0201.007
1251.259
), ArticleFig(id=1320175921403904333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

芜菁沙棘复合饮料的响应面因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A沙棘汁
添加量(%)
B芜菁提取液
添加量(%)
C果葡糖浆
添加量(%)
−1150.755
0201.007
1251.259
), ArticleFig(id=1320175921710088526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Experimental design of the response surface and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A沙棘汁
添加量(%)
B芜菁提取液
添加量(%)
C果葡糖浆
添加量(%)
感官评分
(分)
1150.75767.0
2250.75769.6
3151.25769.9
4251.25774.8
5151.00565.2
6251.00570.6
7151.00970.7
8251.00974.7
9200.75565.7
10201.25566.3
11200.75970.1
12201.25972.7
13201.00778.9
14201.00779.9
15201.00778.6
16201.00779.9
17201.00778.6
), ArticleFig(id=1320175921814946127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

响应面试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A沙棘汁
添加量(%)
B芜菁提取液
添加量(%)
C果葡糖浆
添加量(%)
感官评分
(分)
1150.75767.0
2250.75769.6
3151.25769.9
4251.25774.8
5151.00565.2
6251.00570.6
7151.00970.7
8251.00974.7
9200.75565.7
10201.25566.3
11200.75970.1
12201.25972.7
13201.00778.9
14201.00779.9
15201.00778.6
16201.00779.9
17201.00778.6
), ArticleFig(id=1320175923501056336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of variance and regression coefficient of the quadratic model of the response surface

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方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型425.62947.2961.07<0.0001**
A沙棘汁添加量35.70135.7046.100.0003
B芜菁提取液添加量15.96115.9620.610.0027
C果葡糖浆添加量52.02152.0267.18<0.0001**
AB1.3211.321.710.2326
AC0.4910.490.630.4525
BC1.0011.001.290.2932
A255.41155.4171.55<0.0001**
B2115.061115.06148.59<0.0001**
C2116.161116.16150.01<0.0001**
残差5.4270.77
失拟项3.6331.212.710.18
纯误差1.7940.45
校正综合431.0416
), ArticleFig(id=1320175923584942417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

响应面二次模型方差和回归系数分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型425.62947.2961.07<0.0001**
A沙棘汁添加量35.70135.7046.100.0003
B芜菁提取液添加量15.96115.9620.610.0027
C果葡糖浆添加量52.02152.0267.18<0.0001**
AB1.3211.321.710.2326
AC0.4910.490.630.4525
BC1.0011.001.290.2932
A255.41155.4171.55<0.0001**
B2115.061115.06148.59<0.0001**
C2116.161116.16150.01<0.0001**
残差5.4270.77
失拟项3.6331.212.710.18
纯误差1.7940.45
校正综合431.0416
), ArticleFig(id=1320175923874349394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect of stabiliser mix on the stability of composite beverage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别A黄原胶B羧甲基纤维素钠C海藻酸钠离心沉淀率(%)
11201.24±0.18
22100.55±0.07
31100.96±0.22
41020.88±0.23
52010.64±0.15
61011.52±0.32
70121.21±0.02
80211.55±0.37
90111.83±0.37
), ArticleFig(id=1320175924344111443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

稳定剂复配对复合饮料稳定性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别A黄原胶B羧甲基纤维素钠C海藻酸钠离心沉淀率(%)
11201.24±0.18
22100.55±0.07
31100.96±0.22
41020.88±0.23
52010.64±0.15
61011.52±0.32
70121.21±0.02
80211.55±0.37
90111.83±0.37
), ArticleFig(id=1320175924633518420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effect of the addition of stabilisers on the stability of composite beverage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别稳定剂添加量(%)离心沉淀率(%)
10.051.74±0.30
20.100.58±0.27
30.150.51±0.32
40.200.64±0.34
50.250.76±0.29
), ArticleFig(id=1320175925073920341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

稳定剂添加量对复合饮料稳定性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别稳定剂添加量(%)离心沉淀率(%)
10.051.74±0.30
20.100.58±0.27
30.150.51±0.32
40.200.64±0.34
50.250.76±0.29
), ArticleFig(id=1320175925162000726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Determination results of physicochemical parameters of turnip-seabuckthorn compound beverage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品含量
可溶性固形物(%)8.00±0.10
总糖含量(%)9.12±0.23
总酸含量(g/L)3.31±0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1320175925233303895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175906652537034, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

芜菁沙棘复合饮料理化指标测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品含量
可溶性固形物(%)8.00±0.10
总糖含量(%)9.12±0.23
总酸含量(g/L)3.31±0.07
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芜菁沙棘复合饮料的制备工艺及耐缺氧作用
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王孟妮 1 , 杨忠琴 2 , 梁梦莹 2 , 余和晏 3 , 方明 1, * , 王战国 1, 2 , 范维强 4
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(12): 223-234
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (12) : 223 -234
芜菁沙棘复合饮料的制备工艺及耐缺氧作用
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王孟妮(1991−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:老年慢性疾病健康管理及医养技术研究,药食同源中药保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:

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王孟妮(1991−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:老年慢性疾病健康管理及医养技术研究,药食同源中药保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:

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王孟妮1 , 杨忠琴2, 梁梦莹2, 余和晏3, 方明1, * , 王战国1, 2, 范维强4
作者信息
  • 1成都大学基础医学院护理学院,四川成都 610106
  • 2成都大学食品与生物工程学院,四川成都 610106
  • 3茂县中医医院,四川阿坝 623200
  • 4阿坝藏族羌族自治州食品药品检验研究中心,四川阿坝 624000
通讯作者:
方明(1973−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:老年慢性疾病健康管理及医养技术研究,药食同源中药保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王孟妮(1991−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:老年慢性疾病健康管理及医养技术研究,药食同源中药保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:

Preparation Process and Hypoxia Resistance of Turnip-Sea Buckthorn Compound Beverage
Mengni WANG1 , Zhongqin YANG2, Mengying LIANG2, Heyan YU3, Ming FANG1, * , Zhanguo WANG1, 2, Weiqiang FAN4
Affiliations
  • 1School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
  • 2School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
  • 3Mao County Chinese Medicine Hospital, Aba 623200, China
  • 4Food and Drug Inspection and Research Centre, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Aba 624000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050131
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目的:以药食同源植物芜菁和沙棘为原料,开发一种具有耐缺氧作用的功能性饮料,研究其缓解缺氧损伤的作用机制。方法:通过单因素实验及响应面试验优化芜菁沙棘复合饮料配方工艺。建立常压耐缺氧及亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠模型,检测心、脑、肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,通过HE染色和Western blot分析缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)及白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)表达水平。结果:芜菁沙棘复合饮料最佳配方为沙棘汁22.0%、芜菁提取液1.0%、果葡糖浆7.5%、柠檬酸0.1%,感官评分80.5±1.3,理化指标(可溶性固形物8.00%、总糖9.12%、总酸3.31 g/L)符合国家标准;动物实验中,低、中、高剂量组(8.45、16.90、33.80 g/kg·d)显著延长常压缺氧小鼠存活时间19.92%、19.31%、18.97%(P<0.05),并提高心、脑、肺组织中SOD、CAT及GSH-Px抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量。Western blot结果表明,复合饮料通过抑制HIF-1α蛋白表达及IL-6释放,缓解氧化应激并调控能量代谢通路。结论:优化得到芜菁沙棘复合饮料制备最佳工艺,可通过增强抗氧化能力并抑制HIF-1α/IL-6炎症通路提高机体缺氧耐受力,为功能性食品开发提供理论依据。

芜菁  /  沙棘  /  功能性饮料  /  耐缺氧作用

Objective: This study aimed to develop a functional beverage using turnip (Brassica rapa) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), which were traditional medicinal and edible plants, and to investigate its ameliorative effect and potential mechanisms against hypoxia-induced injury. Methods: The formulation of the turnip-sea buckthorn compound beverage was optimized using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. After optimization, mouse models of normobaric hypoxia and sodium nitrite poisoning were established. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in heart, brain, and lung tissues were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results: The optimal formulation was determined to be 22.0% sea buckthorn juice, 1.0% turnip extract, 7.5% high-fructose syrup, and 0.1% citric acid, which yielded a sensory score of 80.5±1.3. The physicochemical indices (including soluble solids at 8.00%, total sugar at 9.12%, and total acid at 3.31 g/L) all complied with relevant national standards. In animal studies, administration of the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups (8.45, 16.90, and 33.80 g/kg·d, respectively) resulted in a significant extension of survival time under normobaric hypoxia by 19.92%, 19.31%, and 18.97% (P<0.05), respectively. Concurrently, the beverage treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) while reducing the MDA content in the heart, brain, and lung tissues. Western blot analysis further revealed that the compound beverage ameliorated oxidative stress and modulated the energy metabolism pathway via the suppression of HIF-1α protein expression and IL-6 release. Conclusion: The optimized turnip-sea buckthorn compound beverage effectively improved hypoxia tolerance. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant capacity and inhibition of the HIF-1α/IL-6 inflammatory pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods aimed at mitigating hypoxia-induced damage.

Brassica rapa  /  Hippophae rhamnoides  /  functional beverage  /  hypoxia resistance
王孟妮, 杨忠琴, 梁梦莹, 余和晏, 方明, 王战国, 范维强. 芜菁沙棘复合饮料的制备工艺及耐缺氧作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 223 -234 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050131
Mengni WANG, Zhongqin YANG, Mengying LIANG, Heyan YU, Ming FANG, Zhanguo WANG, Weiqiang FAN. Preparation Process and Hypoxia Resistance of Turnip-Sea Buckthorn Compound Beverage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 223 -234 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050131
高原低氧环境对人体健康构成严峻挑战,常引发头痛、疲劳及器官损伤等缺氧症状。随着西藏等高海拔地区旅游业的发展,急性高原反应(AMS)的防治需求日益迫切[1−2]。据统计,56.47%的平原居民急进海拔3000 m以上地区时会出现AMS,严重者出现微量尿蛋白、血尿等功能障碍,甚至出现肾功能不全,威胁生命健康[3]。目前,高原缺氧的防护策略主要包括阶梯式适应、药物干预及功能性食品辅助等。传统抗缺氧药物如红景天、人参等虽效果明确,但存在资源稀缺、成本高昂的局限性[4−5]。因此,研究开发具有增强缺氧耐受性的药食同源产品,对于构建高原健康防护体系、缓解传统药材生态压力,以及推动藏区功能性食品产业升级具有重要意义。
近年来,大量研究聚焦于从药食同源植物中挖掘具有抗缺氧潜力的天然活性成分。诸多多糖类(如枸杞多糖、黄芪多糖)、黄酮类(如葛根素、芦丁)、多酚类及皂苷类化合物已被证实可通过增强抗氧化酶活性、抑制炎症反应、调节能量代谢等途径显著提高机体缺氧耐受力[6]。例如,研究表明枸杞多糖能延长缺氧小鼠存活时间,其机制与改善线粒体功能和减少氧化损伤密切相关[7];而红景天苷则通过稳定HIF-1α信号通路,增强细胞对缺氧的适应性[8]。这些研究为开发新型耐缺氧功能食品提供了丰富的物质基础和理论依据。
芜菁(Brassica rapa L.)广泛分布于西藏等高海拔地区,富含维生素、有机酸、多糖、氨基酸、矿物质及黄酮等营养成分[9−10],其多糖成分可通过清除自由基[11]、提升抗氧化酶活性[12]显著延长缺氧模型小鼠存活时间[13],并改善能量代谢[14];沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)果实中富含维生素C、维生素E、类胡萝卜素、矿物质、植物甾醇及黄酮类化合物等多种生物活性物质[15−16],具有耐缺氧、抗氧化、增强免疫力、调节血脂等生理功能,其提取物可激活抗氧化信号通路,缓解缺氧诱导的组织损伤[17−21]。本研究以芜菁和沙棘为原料,开发一款营养与功能兼具的复合饮料。通过配方优化,保留原料天然活性成分,并探究其对缺氧相关氧化应激、能量代谢及炎症反应的调节作用。该研究不仅为耐缺氧功能性饮料的研发提供理论支持,同时拓展了芜菁与沙棘的药食同源价值,助力高原健康产品创新及特色农产品资源的高效利用。
芜菁 阿坝州松潘县红土村;沙棘 山西省吕梁市;阳性对照药红景天胶囊(批号:国食健注) 四川省佳汇泰生物科技开发有限公司;柠檬酸、果胶 食品级,新疆阜丰生物科技有限公司;果葡糖浆(F55) 温州市盒记食品有限公司;黄原胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC) 食品级,河南万邦化工科技有限公司;β-环状糊精、卡拉胶 食品级,绿新(福建)食品有限公司;硫酸 分析纯,成都市科隆化学品有限公司;苯酚 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;无水葡萄糖 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;酚酞 天津聚恒达化工有限公司;氢氧化钠 广西林氏化学试剂有限公司;平板计数琼脂 北京陆桥技术股份有限公司;亚硝酸钠、凡士林 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;钠石灰 上海纳辉干燥试剂厂;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒、肌酸激酶(CK)试剂盒、过氧化氢酶(CAT)试剂盒 Bioengineering Institute;β-Actin抗体、HIF-1α抗体 江苏亲科生物研究中心有限公司;IL-6抗体 武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司;昆明雄性小鼠 150只,4周龄,SPF级,体重18~22 g,成都达硕实验动物有限公司(许可证号:SCXK(川)2020-0030),饲养条件:温度23±3 ℃、湿度55%±15%、12 h光暗循环。
XSR64精密电子天平 上海微川精密仪器有限公司;LB-101A电热鼓风干燥箱 青岛路博宏业环保技术开发有限公司;UPTA-20超纯水机 上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司;RE-1020旋转蒸发仪 郑州生化仪器有限公司;WB100-2水浴锅 宁波市鄞州群安实验仪器有限公司;IN-P400M无菌均质器 山东寻因光电科技有限公司;H1M多功能微孔板检测仪 广州市达瑞生物技术股份有限公司;BS360S全自动生化分析仪 Mindray。
a.沙棘果→清洗→捣碎→过滤→沙棘汁;b.芜菁→烘干→水提取→过滤→芜菁提取液;c.沙棘汁、芜菁提取液→混合调配→添加辅料→均质→灌装→灭菌→复合沙棘芜菁饮料。
操作要点:芜菁提取液制备:新鲜芜菁块茎洗净切片(厚度3 mm),70 ℃烘干,按料液比1:10加入纯水,浸泡6 h后煎煮1 h,过滤得到滤液,以上步骤重复两次,合并滤液,旋转蒸发浓缩至10 g/mL,浓缩液经5000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液备用。沙棘汁制备:沙棘果实经清洗、去杂后榨汁,过滤去渣,获得沙棘原汁。配方混合:按比例混合芜菁提取液与沙棘原汁,添加果葡糖浆和柠檬酸,加入溶解后的黄原胶与CMC,搅拌混匀,纯水定容。均质:2000 r/min均质2 min,提升体系均匀性及稳定性。灭菌:90 ℃水浴灭菌10 min,冷却后分装,密封即得成品。
根据GB 7101-2022《食品安全国家标准 饮料》[22]及实验需求,组建了10名食品专业人员构成的感官评定小组,对样品的色泽、口感、香气和外观形态进行百分制评价,具体评分细则见表1。
经预实验确定沙棘汁、芜菁提取液、果葡糖浆、柠檬酸添加量分别为15%、1.00%、5%、0.10%,此配方下复合饮料感官评分较优,风味协调,酸甜适中。
在单因素实验中分别考察以下变量对感官评分的影响:沙棘汁添加量(10%、15%、20%、25%、30%):固定芜菁提取液1.00%、果葡糖浆5%、柠檬酸0.10%。芜菁提取液添加量(0.50%、0.75%、1.00%、1.25%、1.50%):固定沙棘汁15%、果葡糖浆5%、柠檬酸0.10%。果葡糖浆添加量(1%、3%、5%、7%、9%):固定沙棘汁15%、芜菁提取液1.00%、柠檬酸0.10%。柠檬酸添加量(0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%):固定沙棘汁15%、芜菁提取液1.00%、果葡糖浆5%。以感官评分为响应值,采用Box-Bebnken Design进行配方工艺优化(表2)。
芜菁沙棘复合饮料因富含果胶和纤维属于浑浊型饮料,存在稳定性差、易沉淀分层的问题[23]。以离心沉淀率为评价指标,对复合饮料稳定剂的复配比例及添加量进行优化。经预实验筛选,选取黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和海藻酸钠作为复配稳定剂,稳定剂总添加量为0.10%。考察不同复配比例及稳定剂添加量对复合饮料稳定性的影响,以确定饮料最佳成型工艺参数。各处理样品充分搅拌混匀后,于25 ℃下静置1 h,离心(4000 r/min,15 min),按以下公式计算离心沉淀率。
$\rm 离心沉淀率(\text{%}) =\frac{\text{m}_2-\text{m}_0}{{m_1}-\text{m}_0}\times 100 $
式中:m0为离心管质量;m1为10 mL饮料与离心管总质量;m2为沉淀物与离心管总质量。
参照GB/T 12143-2008《饮料通用分析方法》[24],采用折光仪法测定可溶性固形物含量;参考苯酚-硫酸法测定总糖含量[25];参考GB/T 12456-2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》[26]中“酸碱滴定法”测定总酸含量;采用GB 4789.2-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》[27]测定菌落总数;采用GB 4789.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》[28]测定大肠杆菌数;参考GB 29921-2021《食品安全国家标准 预包装食品中致病菌限量》[29]测定致病菌。
参照《保健食品功能检验与评价方法(2023年版)》要求,小鼠适应性喂养一周后,随机选取10只作为空白对照组(NC),其余小鼠随机分为常压缺氧实验组和亚硝酸钠中毒存活实验组,每个实验组分为7个亚组(n=10),包括:缺氧对照组(MC):灌胃不含芜菁与沙棘的空白饮料;阳性对照组(PC):给予红景天胶囊,剂量10.40 g/kg·d;低剂量组(BH-L)、中剂量组(BH-M)、高剂量组(BH-H):分别灌胃芜菁沙棘复合饮料,剂量依次为8.45、16.90、33.80 g/kg·d(按人体推荐量的5、10、20倍换算);芜菁组(HC):灌胃芜菁提取液,剂量23.40 g/kg·d;沙棘组(BC):灌胃沙棘提取液,剂量10.40 g/kg·d。常压缺氧实验组小鼠末次灌胃后1 h,将各组小鼠分别放入盛有5 g钠石灰的磨口瓶内(每瓶1只),用凡士林封瓶口确保其不漏气,以呼吸停止为指标,观察小鼠因缺氧而死亡的时间;亚硝酸钠中毒存活实验组小鼠按200~240 mg/kg BW剂量腹腔注射亚硝酸钠(注射量为0.1 mL/10 g),记录动物存活时间。
剂量设置依据《四川省藏药材标准》及《中国药典》[30]中的人体推荐量。剂量组经口连续给予不同浓度受试样品,对照组给予同等容量溶剂。空白对照组与模型对照组每日灌胃蒸馏水,实验组按对应剂量经口灌胃给药,连续35 d,给药体积根据小鼠体重动态调整。每7 d记录一次体重变化,监测生长状况。第35 d,除空白对照组外,其余组别分别进行常压缺氧或亚硝酸钠中毒存活模型实验。
实验结束后,根据《保健食品功能检验与评价方法(2023年版)》中“耐缺氧检验方法”,将小鼠解剖并采集心、肺、脑组织样本。组织样本迅速用预冷生理盐水漂洗,滤纸吸干表面液体后,置于−80 ℃超低温冰箱保存,用于后续生化指标及病理学分析[31]。
取心、肺、脑组织样本,MDA、CAT、SOD、GSH-Px、LDH、CK活性测定方法及流程参照试剂盒说明进行。
取心肌和肺组织样本,进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,于光学显微镜下观察心肌和肺组织的病理形态学改变,评估缺氧及中毒引起的组织损伤程度。
取心肌组织样本冰浴匀浆,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min收集上清液,BCA法测总蛋白浓度后,进行SDS-PAGE电泳及转膜。使用HIF-1α(1:1000)、IL-6(1:1000)和β-肌动蛋白(1:5000)一抗及HRP标记山羊抗兔/鼠IgG二抗(1:10000),室温孵育后TBST洗膜3次,显影检测蛋白表达。
所有结果均以平均值±标准差(SD)表示。采用GraphPad Prism 7.0、ChemiScope 6100、Design-Expert 12及ImageJ 1.8、Origin 2019软件进行单因素方差分析、图像采集、数据分析及绘图。所有结果与正常组相比,“#”表示P<0.05,“##”表示P<0.01,“###”表示P<0.001;与模型组相比,“*”表示P<0.05,“**”表示P<0.01,“***”表示P<0.001,“ns”代表不显著(P>0.05)。
由图1可知,当沙棘汁添加量为20%时,感官评分最高为75分,此时饮料酸甜适中,口感协调性较好,可更好地突出沙棘汁的独特清香。
由图2可知,随着芜菁提取液添加量的增加,饮料的感官评分呈先升高后下降趋势。当芜菁提取液添加量为1.0%时,芜菁和沙棘的风味和口感相互协调,无明显涩味。
如图3所示,随着果葡糖浆的添加,在一定程度上能增加饮料的甜度改善口感。当添加量为7%时,饮料的甜度适中,口感细腻,感官评分最高为79.1分。但随着果葡糖浆添加量过多时,饮料口感甜腻,感官评分随之下降。
如图4所示,当柠檬酸添加量为0.10%时,感官评分最高为76.9分。柠檬酸添加量过高会导致饮料过酸,不仅产生了尖锐或刺激性的酸感,而且掩盖了饮料中其他芳香物质的风味以及沙棘汁本身的特征性清香与口感,最终导致感官评分下降。
响应面优化芜菁沙棘复合饮料配方结果,如表3所示,通过表3的响应值进行多元回归拟合分析,可得到沙棘汁添加量(A)、芜菁提取液添加量(B)、果葡糖浆添加量(C)的二次多元回归拟合方程如下:Y=79.18+2.11A+1.41B+2.55C+0.57AB−0.35AC+0.50BC−3.63A2−5.23B2−5.25C2。
对所得方程进行方差分析,如表4所示,该模型极显著(P<0.01),失拟项P值=0.18(P>0.05)不显著,模型回归系数R2=0.987,说明该模型拟合良好并且具有较高可靠性,可以较好地描述自变量与芜菁沙棘复合饮料感官评分的关系。各因素对芜菁沙棘复合饮料感官评分的影响大小依次为:果葡糖浆添加量(C)>沙棘汁添加量(A)>芜菁提取液添加量(B)。
通过Design-Expert 12对各因素之间的交互作用进行响应面分析,并绘制响应面曲线图和等高线图(图5)。三维响应面直观地反映了各个因素对复合饮料感官评分的影响。感官评分随沙棘汁、芜菁提取液及果葡糖浆添加量的增加,均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。综合分析,影响芜菁沙棘复合饮料感官评分的因素顺序为:果葡糖浆(C)>沙棘汁(A)>芜菁提取液(B),与方差分析结果一致。
根据响应面试验结果得芜菁沙棘复合饮料的最优成型工艺条件为:沙棘汁21.47%、芜菁提取液1.04%、果葡糖浆7.48%,此条件下饮料的感官评分预测值为79.91分。条件修正后为沙棘汁22.0%、芜菁提取液1.0%、果葡糖浆7.5%,感官评分为80.5±1.3分,与预测模型基本相符。
经预实验分析,筛选出黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)及海藻酸钠3种稳定剂进行复配,按稳定剂总添加量为0.1%添加到饮料中,参考文献[32],利用离心沉淀率分析稳定剂比例对饮料的稳定性影响,结果见表5。
由表5、表6可知,黄原胶与CMC的比例为2:1复配时,总添加量0.15%时的离心沉淀率最低,故确定其最适添加量为0.15%。
芜菁沙棘复合饮料整体感官品质良好。产品呈现亮橘黄色,色泽均匀稳定,明亮且富有光泽。其香气特征鲜明,具有芜菁与沙棘独特的复合风味,无异杂气味。在口感方面,饮料香味明显,滋味酸甜可口,风味协调。其组织状态表现为略呈浓稠的液态体系,质地均匀,无肉眼可见的沉淀物或悬浮物。
对芜菁沙棘复合饮料的关键理化指标及微生物安全性进行了检测。微生物指标检测结果显示:菌落总数小于300 CFU/mL、大肠菌群及致病菌均未检出。结果表明芜菁沙棘复合饮料中的微生物指标均符合GB 7101-2022《食品安全国家标准 饮料》中对菌落总数和大肠菌群的要求,确保了产品的食用安全性。
理化指标测定结果如表7所示。产品中可溶性固形物含量为8.00%±0.10%。可溶性固形物是影响饮料口感和营养价值的重要指标,赋予饮料适宜的质感和一定的营养基础。主要包括糖类、有机酸、矿物质、维生素等可溶性物质,其中,总糖含量测定值为9.12%±0.23%。总糖是饮料主要的能量来源和甜味来源,直接影响产品的甜度。总酸含量为3.31±0.07 g/L。总酸是决定饮料酸味强度和清爽感的关键因素。
如图6所示,常压缺氧实验中,各灌胃组均显著延长小鼠存活时间(P<0.05),其中低、中、高剂量组、阳性对照组分别延长19.92%、19.31%、18.97%、20.68%,低、中剂量组小鼠存活时间优于高剂量组,可能是由于芜菁与沙棘的活性成分在低中剂量时更接近最佳生物利用率[33];亚硝酸钠中毒实验中,阳性对照组存活时间延长59.75%(P<0.01),低、中剂量组、芜菁组分别延长52.32%、51.25%、45.17%(P<0.05)。这与杨永东等[34]的研究一致,结果显示芜菁沙棘复合饮料可有效增强缺氧耐受能力,且复合配方优于单一成分。
如图7结果所示,缺氧环境下,与NC组比较,MC小鼠心肌组织MDA含量升高,CAT、SOD、GSH-Px活性降低。灌胃治疗后,其中BH-L组CAT活性、BH-M/H组SOD活性(P<0.05)、PC组与BH-L组的GSH-Px活性(P<0.01)均显著提升,MDA含量下降。实验结果表明该复合饮料通过增强抗氧化酶活性,有效缓解心肌氧化应激损伤[35]。
如图8所示,与NC组比较,MC组小鼠脑组织氧化应激指标异常:其中MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05),CAT、GSH-Px含量显著下降(P<0.05),SOD含量无显著变化。各灌胃组中,PC组MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);BH-L组和BC组CAT活性提升(P<0.05);BH-M组和HC组SOD含量升高(P<0.05);PC组与BH-M组GSH-Px含量显著升高(P<0.01)。表明该复合饮料能有效缓解脑组织氧化损伤,提升抗氧化能力。
如图9结果所示,MC小鼠肺组织MDA含量显著升高(P<0.01),SOD、CAT、GSH-Px含量降低。BH各剂量组、PC组、BC组和HC组等干预后,MDA含量显著下降(P<0.05);PC组和BH-M组CAT活性显著提升(P<0.05),BH-L、BH-M组及PC组SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05)。表明该复合饮料通过增强抗氧化酶活性、抑制脂质过氧化,减轻缺氧引起的肺组织氧化损伤。
如图10A结果所示,在缺氧实验中,MC小鼠心肌组织LDH活性显著升高(P<0.01),BH-M、BH-H及PC组心肌LDH水平显著降低(P<0.05),减少乳酸生成。此外,缺氧导致脑、肺组织LDH活性降低(P<0.05),可能是因为ATP不足影响酶功能[36],结果见图10B、图10C;但BH-L、BH-H、PC组显著升高脑组织LDH含量(P<0.05),BH-L、PC和BC组改善肺组织LDH含量(P<0.05)。表明该复合饮料可通过调控LDH活性维持能量代谢,缓解缺氧引发的组织酸中毒及损伤[37−38]。
如图11所示,芜菁沙棘复合饮料可改善缺氧导致的小鼠心肌损伤。实验结果显示,常压缺氧环境下,MC小鼠心肌中的CK水平显著升高(P<0.01),而BH-H、PC、HC组的小鼠CK水平降低,效果与红景天胶囊相当。
小鼠心肌组织病理结果见图12,NC组小鼠心肌结构完整,无异常;MC组小鼠心肌纤维断裂、核固缩、间质水肿及炎症浸润,坏死显著,给药后心肌纤维结构恢复完整,水肿和坏死减少,接近正常组水平。表明该复合饮料可有效缓解缺氧导致的心肌损伤。
小鼠肺组织病理结果见图13,NC组小鼠肺组织结构完整,肺泡清晰,无炎症;MC组小鼠肺泡壁增厚、结构破坏,伴炎性细胞浸润及出血,经红景天胶囊和芜菁沙棘复合饮料干预后,肺组织炎症减轻,肺泡结构完整性得到保护,出血减少,效果与红景天相当。表明该复合饮料可有效保护缺氧导致的肺组织损伤。
如图14所示,MC组小鼠心肌组织中HIF-1α和IL-6蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.001),说明缺氧加剧炎症反应[39−40]。经芜菁沙棘复合饮料干预后,PC、BH-L和BH-M显著下调HIF-1α(P<0.05)的表达,其中PC和BH-M显著下调IL-6(P<0.01)的表达。表明该饮料可能通过抑制HIF-1α的稳定性,减少下游炎症因子IL-6释放,从而缓解缺氧应激及炎症,增强组织对缺氧的适应性。
芜菁沙棘复合饮料优化后的最佳工艺为沙棘汁22.0%、芜菁提取液1.0%、果葡糖浆7.5%、柠檬酸0.1%,感官评分为80.5±1.3分,风味酸甜适中,色泽均匀。复合稳定剂优化后为黄原胶与CMC复配比例2:1,添加量0.15%,离心沉淀率最低,稳定性最佳。芜菁沙棘复合饮料总可溶性固形物8.00%、总酸3.31 g/L、总糖9.12%,微生物指标符合国家标准。动物试验证实芜菁沙棘复合饮料具有良好的耐缺氧作用,低、中、高剂量组显著延长常压缺氧小鼠存活时间(19.92%、19.31%、18.97%),以及低、中剂量组延长亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间(52.32%、51.25%),效果优于单一组分;显著提升心、脑、肺组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量,抑制氧化应激及脂质过氧化;改善心肌纤维断裂、肺泡结构破坏等病理损伤,降低LDH、CK活性,缓解乳酸酸中毒,维持能量代谢。Western blot分析结果显示,通过抑制缺氧诱导因子HIF-1α及下游炎症因子IL-6蛋白表达,调控HIF-1α/IL-6信号通路,协同增强抗氧化能力,改善缺氧应激反应。研究证实芜菁沙棘复合饮料具有显著抗缺氧功能,为药食同源植物开发功能性食品提供理论支持,推动地方特色农产品产业化。需进一步探究其分子作用靶点及信号通路细节。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050131
  • 接收时间:2025-05-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-16
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    1成都大学基础医学院护理学院,四川成都 610106
    2成都大学食品与生物工程学院,四川成都 610106
    3茂县中医医院,四川阿坝 623200
    4阿坝藏族羌族自治州食品药品检验研究中心,四川阿坝 624000

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方明(1973−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:老年慢性疾病健康管理及医养技术研究,药食同源中药保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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