Article(id=1320175889439117845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050246, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748188800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684059723, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684059723, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684059723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684059723, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=246, endPage=258, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320175889661415958, articleId=1320175889439117845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Extraction of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Wheat Bran Using Enzyme-Acid Synergistic Method and Development of a High-fiber Beverage, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To promote the high-value utilization of wheat bran, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was extracted using an enzyme-acid synergistic method. A combination of single-factor and orthogonal experimental designs was used to optimize the extraction process. Subsequently, the functional properties of the SDF, were systematically evaluated, including its water-holding, oil-holding and swelling capacities, as well as its binding capacities for cholate, nitrite, and glucose. Moreover, this study employed an in vitro simulated digestion model to analyze its regulatory effect on digestive resistance and its impact on starch digestion behavior. Guided by these findings, the SDF served as the core functional ingredient for a high-fiber beverage, with formulation optimization via single-factor and orthogonal testing, validation, and a 14-day storage stability assessment. The results showed the optimal extraction parameters of SDF to be pH2.0, 100 ℃, and 2 h, yielding 18.40%±0.78%. The obtained SDF exhibited water-holding, oil-holding, and swelling capacities of 7.35 g/g, 5.40 g/g, and 5.89 mL/g, respectively; The binding rates for sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate were determined to be 15.85% and 18.14%, respectively; The nitrite and glucose binding capacities reached 43.80 μg/g and 0.9 mmol/g, respectively. Moreover, the SDF effectively delayed glucose diffusion by 88%, inhibited starch gelatinization, increased resistant starch (RS) content by 20%, and maintained its structural stability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The beverage optimization results indicated that the optimal formulation comprised a 1:1.5 (v/v) tea liquid to water ratio, supplemented with 8% (m/v) xylitol, 0.06% (m/v) citric acid, and 0.25% (m/v) SDF. In validation test, this formulation achieved a sensory evaluation score of 93±0.21 points. After 14 days of storage, the sedimentation rate remained below 5%, and the pH stayed stable, ranging from 3.52 to 3.91, indicating that the beverage exhibited excellent sensory property and storage stability. This study not only provided validated process parameters and technical support for the industrial production of wheat bran SDF, but also elucidated its functional properties in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism as well as modifying starch digestion characteristics. These findings demonstrate that the potential of wheat bran SDF as a functional food ingredient for regulating blood glucose and modulating glucose-lipid metabolism.

, authors=Zhi LI1, Ting ZHANG1, Jie SUN1, Xiaoling WANG2, Qiu LI2, Fei LI1, *, authorsList=Zhi LI, Ting ZHANG, Jie SUN, Xiaoling WANG, Qiu LI, Fei LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fei LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320175894157709870, articleId=1320175889439117845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=酶-酸协同法提取小麦麸皮可溶性膳食纤维及其高纤饮料的创制, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为推动麦麸资源的高值化利用,本研究以小麦麸皮为原料,采用酶-酸协同法提取可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)。通过单因素实验与正交试验优化提取工艺,系统评价其持水性、持油性、膨胀性及对胆酸盐、亚硝酸盐和葡萄糖的结合功能,基于体外模拟消化模型分析其抗消化特性的调控作用及探究其对淀粉消化行为的影响。在此基础上,以SDF为核心功能性配料,通过单因素与正交试验优化高纤饮料配方,并开展验证试验及14 d贮藏稳定性评价。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为酸处理pH2.0、温度100 ℃、时间2 h,该条件下SDF提取率达18.40%±0.78%;所得SDF持水性、持油性和膨胀度分别为7.35 g/g、5.40 g/g和5.89 mL/g,对甘氨胆酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠的结合率分别为15.85%和18.14%,亚硝酸盐结合能力达43.80 μg/g,葡萄糖结合能力为0.9 mmol/g;且SDF可延缓葡萄糖扩散速率达88%。此外,SDF可以抑制淀粉糊化,使抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)比例提升20%,且其在模拟胃肠环境中化学结构稳定性良好。饮料优化结果显示最佳配方为茶原液与纯净水体积比=1:1.5、木糖醇8%(m/V)、柠檬酸0.06%(m/V)、SDF 0.25%(m/V),验证试验中该配方感官评分为93±0.21分,贮藏14 d后沉淀率低于5%,pH保持稳定(3.52~3.91),表明产品兼具优良口感与贮藏稳定性。本研究结果不仅为麦麸SDF的工业化生产提供了成熟的工艺参数和技术支撑,还揭示了小麦麸皮SDF在调节糖脂代谢、改善淀粉消化特性等方面的功能特性,表明其可成为开发调节血糖及糖脂代谢相关的功能性食品的原料。

, authors=厉芝1, 张婷1, 孙杰1, 王晓玲2, 李秋2, 李菲1, *, authorsList=厉芝, 张婷, 孙杰, 王晓玲, 李秋, 李菲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李菲, authorNote=

厉芝(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:活性多糖高效制备与活性探究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李菲(1995−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品功能因子的提取纯化、结构解析与其活性挖掘,E-mail:。
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厉芝(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:活性多糖高效制备与活性探究,E-mail:

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厉芝(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:活性多糖高效制备与活性探究,E-mail:

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Journal of Food Science, 2020, 85(6): 1668−1674., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320175894350647855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175894359036464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, companyId=1320175894350647855, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175894367425073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, companyId=1320175894350647855, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1青岛大学生命科学学院,山东青岛 266071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320175894438728242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175894447116851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, companyId=1320175894438728242, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shandong Luhua Group Co., Ltd., Laiyang 265200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175894451311156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, companyId=1320175894438728242, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山东鲁花集团,山东莱阳 265200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320175898402345567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of each stage of in vitro simulated digestion, figureFileSmall=8R2T4E0joNZTbfFVy+d4+g==, figureFileBig=UuC0b64ntipsrYY3iiWaNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175898477843040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图1, caption=体外模拟消化各阶段示意图, figureFileSmall=8R2T4E0joNZTbfFVy+d4+g==, figureFileBig=UuC0b64ntipsrYY3iiWaNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175898654003809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of pH (A), temperature (B), and time (C) on SDF extraction respectively, figureFileSmall=s/lm+kkUoIUhLcM63EcdPw==, figureFileBig=JlmI9jVzZ++ukg9v5ELAKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175898767250018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图2, caption=pH(A)、温度(B)、时间(C)分别对SDF提取的影响, figureFileSmall=s/lm+kkUoIUhLcM63EcdPw==, figureFileBig=JlmI9jVzZ++ukg9v5ELAKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175898855330403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Glucose standard curve, figureFileSmall=RzlOBNCconY6nt66b8ugOg==, figureFileBig=FGV6XB47pwuB5rB89mt0zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175898926633572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图3, caption=葡萄糖标准曲线, figureFileSmall=RzlOBNCconY6nt66b8ugOg==, figureFileBig=FGV6XB47pwuB5rB89mt0zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175898989548133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Inhibitory capacity of SDF against glucose diffusion, figureFileSmall=Q+rd+aAE2x3EixvWEwWOpA==, figureFileBig=spXtumfytkiR57ed+DwFaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175899186680422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SDF对葡萄糖扩散抑制能力

注:A. 葡萄糖含量;B. 葡萄糖扩散延迟系数。

, figureFileSmall=Q+rd+aAE2x3EixvWEwWOpA==, figureFileBig=spXtumfytkiR57ed+DwFaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175899266372199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes in molecular weight distribution of SDF before and after simulated digestion, figureFileSmall=Lwg5LXdZmk4YbOhP+/g5UQ==, figureFileBig=5rc0KhKHu145qgIi1u2fdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175899362841193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图5, caption=模拟消化后SDF分子量分布变化图

注:A. 口腔液与SDF的HPGPC色谱图;B. 口腔消化过程;C. 胃液与SDF的HPGPC色谱图;D. 胃液消化过程;E. 肠液与SDF的HPGPC色谱图;F. 肠液消化过程。

, figureFileSmall=Lwg5LXdZmk4YbOhP+/g5UQ==, figureFileBig=5rc0KhKHu145qgIi1u2fdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175899627082346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Changes in reducing sugar content of SDF at various stages of in vitro digestion, figureFileSmall=+/Zo9QEJWcLWs/pLDwOUJA==, figureFileBig=xvk5b1aFnye3qDTTg60xhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175901296415340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图6, caption=SDF体外消化各阶段还原糖含量变化, figureFileSmall=+/Zo9QEJWcLWs/pLDwOUJA==, figureFileBig=xvk5b1aFnye3qDTTg60xhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175901405467246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Contents of RDS, SDS, and RS in wheat starch and its mixtures, figureFileSmall=xA6Uc9deQF0GVKSWZsF24Q==, figureFileBig=rFuqBbqEclcag/cblqYXnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175901497741935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图7, caption=小麦淀粉及混合物的RDS、SDS和RS含量, figureFileSmall=xA6Uc9deQF0GVKSWZsF24Q==, figureFileBig=rFuqBbqEclcag/cblqYXnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175901715845744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Amylose leaching amount in wheat starch and its mixtures at different SDF concentrations, figureFileSmall=Zk29RRY/dtfnPwhrMzab7w==, figureFileBig=JYop8jcsYOsrBL38NK9qeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175901791343217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同SDF浓度下小麦淀粉及混合物的直链淀粉浸出量, figureFileSmall=Zk29RRY/dtfnPwhrMzab7w==, figureFileBig=JYop8jcsYOsrBL38NK9qeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175901871034995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of different water addition amounts (A), xylitol addition amounts (B), citric acid contents (C), and SDF contents (D) on sensory score respectively, figureFileSmall=nME3x/KgLaY939kplkCTYQ==, figureFileBig=tpmkrYP8dgjOvS+wUJwvYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175901950726772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同水添加量(A)、木糖醇添加量(B)、柠檬酸含量(C)、SDF含量(D)分别对感官评分的影响, figureFileSmall=nME3x/KgLaY939kplkCTYQ==, figureFileBig=tpmkrYP8dgjOvS+wUJwvYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175902051390069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=pH changes of high-fiber beverage, figureFileSmall=H5A/lg/2F2K9YJ1lL+JP4Q==, figureFileBig=n1Xk81XyEj5HeMYIMAkQRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175902160441974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图10, caption=高纤饮料pH变化, figureFileSmall=H5A/lg/2F2K9YJ1lL+JP4Q==, figureFileBig=n1Xk81XyEj5HeMYIMAkQRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175902261105271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Changes in precipitation rate of high-fiber beverages, figureFileSmall=vwrixvh1ibFX5MUpMFOe3A==, figureFileBig=hldNk4RRyXSE46L4g1iIcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175902332408440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=图11, caption=高纤饮料沉淀率变化, figureFileSmall=vwrixvh1ibFX5MUpMFOe3A==, figureFileBig=hldNk4RRyXSE46L4g1iIcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175902433071737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Orthogonal test factor levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平pH温度(℃)时间(h)
11801
22901.5
331002
), ArticleFig(id=1320175902508569210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交试验水平设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平pH温度(℃)时间(h)
11801
22901.5
331002
), ArticleFig(id=1320175902575678075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Composition of simulated digestive fluid

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模拟胃液(SGF)模拟肠液(SIF)
NaCl(3.1 g/L)NaCl(5.4 g/L)
KCl(1.1 g/L)KCl(0.65 g/L)
NaHCO3(0.6 g/L)CaCl2·H2O(0.33 g/L)
CaCl2(0.15 g/L)NaOH溶液(0.1 mol/L)
盐酸溶液(0.1 mol/L)胰蛋白酶(13 mg)
CH3COONa(1.0 mol/L,pH5)胰酶溶液(7%,w/w,100 g)
胃蛋白酶(35.0 mg)胆盐(4%,w/w,200 g)
), ArticleFig(id=1320175902680535676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模拟消化液组成成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模拟胃液(SGF)模拟肠液(SIF)
NaCl(3.1 g/L)NaCl(5.4 g/L)
KCl(1.1 g/L)KCl(0.65 g/L)
NaHCO3(0.6 g/L)CaCl2·H2O(0.33 g/L)
CaCl2(0.15 g/L)NaOH溶液(0.1 mol/L)
盐酸溶液(0.1 mol/L)胰蛋白酶(13 mg)
CH3COONa(1.0 mol/L,pH5)胰酶溶液(7%,w/w,100 g)
胃蛋白酶(35.0 mg)胆盐(4%,w/w,200 g)
), ArticleFig(id=1320175902756033149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Orthogonal test factor levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平溶液体积(mL)木糖醇(%)柠檬酸(%)SDF(%)
130+1540.030.25
230+3060.0450.5
330+4580.060.75
), ArticleFig(id=1320175902827336318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

正交试验水平设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平溶液体积(mL)木糖醇(%)柠檬酸(%)SDF(%)
130+1540.030.25
230+3060.0450.5
330+4580.060.75
), ArticleFig(id=1320175902911222399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Sensory scoring criteria for high-fiber beverages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官评价项目评分标准
状态(30分)黏度适宜,无明显沉淀和分层
(22~30分)
黏度适宜,有少量沉淀和分层
(14~21分)
黏度过大,有明显沉淀和分层
(≤13分)
外观(20分)澄清透明,有光泽无浑浊
(15~20分)
略澄清透明,略有光泽无浑浊
(10~14分)
不澄清透明,无光泽、浑浊
(≤9分)
气味(20分)怡人
(15~20分)
有香气,欠协调
(10~14分)
无香气,不协调
(≤9分)
口感(30分)酸甜适中,无苦味口感柔和
(22~30分)
酸甜比例不协调,略苦味口感良好
(14~21分)
酸甜比例不协调,苦味重口感涩
(≤13分)
), ArticleFig(id=1320175902974136960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

高纤饮料感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官评价项目评分标准
状态(30分)黏度适宜,无明显沉淀和分层
(22~30分)
黏度适宜,有少量沉淀和分层
(14~21分)
黏度过大,有明显沉淀和分层
(≤13分)
外观(20分)澄清透明,有光泽无浑浊
(15~20分)
略澄清透明,略有光泽无浑浊
(10~14分)
不澄清透明,无光泽、浑浊
(≤9分)
气味(20分)怡人
(15~20分)
有香气,欠协调
(10~14分)
无香气,不协调
(≤9分)
口感(30分)酸甜适中,无苦味口感柔和
(22~30分)
酸甜比例不协调,略苦味口感良好
(14~21分)
酸甜比例不协调,苦味重口感涩
(≤13分)
), ArticleFig(id=1320175903078994561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Orthogonal experiment results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号pH温度(℃)时间(h)提取率(%)
1280117.8
22901.517.4
32100218.4
4380117.2
53901.517.0
63100215.2
7480115.2
84901.515.8
94100215.0
Ⅰ53.5850.1948.78
II49.3850.1949.59
III45.9948.6950.58T=146
K117.8616.7316.26
K216.4616.7316.53
K315.3316.2316.86y=16.56
R2.530.500.60
S9.640.500.54
), ArticleFig(id=1320175903376790146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号pH温度(℃)时间(h)提取率(%)
1280117.8
22901.517.4
32100218.4
4380117.2
53901.517.0
63100215.2
7480115.2
84901.515.8
94100215.0
Ⅰ53.5850.1948.78
II49.3850.1949.59
III45.9948.6950.58T=146
K117.8616.7316.26
K216.4616.7316.53
K315.3316.2316.86y=16.56
R2.530.500.60
S9.640.500.54
), ArticleFig(id=1320175903469064836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Functional properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
持水性
(g/g)
持油性
(g/g)
膨胀度
(mL/g)
胆酸结合
能力(%)
亚硝酸盐
结合能力
(μg/g)
葡萄糖
结合能力
(mmol/g)
7.35±0.125.40±0.085.89±0.15甘氨胆酸钠
15.85±0.31
43.80±0.240.9±0.03
牛磺胆酸钠
18.14±0.27
), ArticleFig(id=1320175903573922437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

SDF功能特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
持水性
(g/g)
持油性
(g/g)
膨胀度
(mL/g)
胆酸结合
能力(%)
亚硝酸盐
结合能力
(μg/g)
葡萄糖
结合能力
(mmol/g)
7.35±0.125.40±0.085.89±0.15甘氨胆酸钠
15.85±0.31
43.80±0.240.9±0.03
牛磺胆酸钠
18.14±0.27
), ArticleFig(id=1320175903662002822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Orthogonal experiment results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号A水B木糖醇C柠檬酸D SDF感官评分(分)
1111178.28
2122280
3133380
4212381
5223186.43
6231281.57
7313289.14
8321382.86
9332192.57
k179.42782.80780.90385.760
k283.00083.09784.52383.570
k388.19084.71385.19081.287
极差8.7631.9064.2874.473
), ArticleFig(id=1320175903762666119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175889439117845, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号A水B木糖醇C柠檬酸D SDF感官评分(分)
1111178.28
2122280
3133380
4212381
5223186.43
6231281.57
7313289.14
8321382.86
9332192.57
k179.42782.80780.90385.760
k283.00083.09784.52383.570
k388.19084.71385.19081.287
极差8.7631.9064.2874.473
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酶-酸协同法提取小麦麸皮可溶性膳食纤维及其高纤饮料的创制
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厉芝 1 , 张婷 1 , 孙杰 1 , 王晓玲 2 , 李秋 2 , 李菲 1, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(12): 246-258
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (12) : 246 -258
酶-酸协同法提取小麦麸皮可溶性膳食纤维及其高纤饮料的创制
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厉芝(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:活性多糖高效制备与活性探究,E-mail:

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厉芝1 , 张婷1, 孙杰1, 王晓玲2, 李秋2, 李菲1, *
作者信息
  • 1青岛大学生命科学学院,山东青岛 266071
  • 2山东鲁花集团,山东莱阳 265200
通讯作者:
李菲(1995−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品功能因子的提取纯化、结构解析与其活性挖掘,E-mail:。
作者简介:

厉芝(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:活性多糖高效制备与活性探究,E-mail:

Extraction of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Wheat Bran Using Enzyme-Acid Synergistic Method and Development of a High-fiber Beverage
Zhi LI1 , Ting ZHANG1, Jie SUN1, Xiaoling WANG2, Qiu LI2, Fei LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
  • 2Shandong Luhua Group Co., Ltd., Laiyang 265200, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050246
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为推动麦麸资源的高值化利用,本研究以小麦麸皮为原料,采用酶-酸协同法提取可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)。通过单因素实验与正交试验优化提取工艺,系统评价其持水性、持油性、膨胀性及对胆酸盐、亚硝酸盐和葡萄糖的结合功能,基于体外模拟消化模型分析其抗消化特性的调控作用及探究其对淀粉消化行为的影响。在此基础上,以SDF为核心功能性配料,通过单因素与正交试验优化高纤饮料配方,并开展验证试验及14 d贮藏稳定性评价。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为酸处理pH2.0、温度100 ℃、时间2 h,该条件下SDF提取率达18.40%±0.78%;所得SDF持水性、持油性和膨胀度分别为7.35 g/g、5.40 g/g和5.89 mL/g,对甘氨胆酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠的结合率分别为15.85%和18.14%,亚硝酸盐结合能力达43.80 μg/g,葡萄糖结合能力为0.9 mmol/g;且SDF可延缓葡萄糖扩散速率达88%。此外,SDF可以抑制淀粉糊化,使抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)比例提升20%,且其在模拟胃肠环境中化学结构稳定性良好。饮料优化结果显示最佳配方为茶原液与纯净水体积比=1:1.5、木糖醇8%(m/V)、柠檬酸0.06%(m/V)、SDF 0.25%(m/V),验证试验中该配方感官评分为93±0.21分,贮藏14 d后沉淀率低于5%,pH保持稳定(3.52~3.91),表明产品兼具优良口感与贮藏稳定性。本研究结果不仅为麦麸SDF的工业化生产提供了成熟的工艺参数和技术支撑,还揭示了小麦麸皮SDF在调节糖脂代谢、改善淀粉消化特性等方面的功能特性,表明其可成为开发调节血糖及糖脂代谢相关的功能性食品的原料。

小麦麸皮  /  可溶性膳食纤维  /  功能特性  /  提取方法  /  高纤饮料

To promote the high-value utilization of wheat bran, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was extracted using an enzyme-acid synergistic method. A combination of single-factor and orthogonal experimental designs was used to optimize the extraction process. Subsequently, the functional properties of the SDF, were systematically evaluated, including its water-holding, oil-holding and swelling capacities, as well as its binding capacities for cholate, nitrite, and glucose. Moreover, this study employed an in vitro simulated digestion model to analyze its regulatory effect on digestive resistance and its impact on starch digestion behavior. Guided by these findings, the SDF served as the core functional ingredient for a high-fiber beverage, with formulation optimization via single-factor and orthogonal testing, validation, and a 14-day storage stability assessment. The results showed the optimal extraction parameters of SDF to be pH2.0, 100 ℃, and 2 h, yielding 18.40%±0.78%. The obtained SDF exhibited water-holding, oil-holding, and swelling capacities of 7.35 g/g, 5.40 g/g, and 5.89 mL/g, respectively; The binding rates for sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate were determined to be 15.85% and 18.14%, respectively; The nitrite and glucose binding capacities reached 43.80 μg/g and 0.9 mmol/g, respectively. Moreover, the SDF effectively delayed glucose diffusion by 88%, inhibited starch gelatinization, increased resistant starch (RS) content by 20%, and maintained its structural stability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The beverage optimization results indicated that the optimal formulation comprised a 1:1.5 (v/v) tea liquid to water ratio, supplemented with 8% (m/v) xylitol, 0.06% (m/v) citric acid, and 0.25% (m/v) SDF. In validation test, this formulation achieved a sensory evaluation score of 93±0.21 points. After 14 days of storage, the sedimentation rate remained below 5%, and the pH stayed stable, ranging from 3.52 to 3.91, indicating that the beverage exhibited excellent sensory property and storage stability. This study not only provided validated process parameters and technical support for the industrial production of wheat bran SDF, but also elucidated its functional properties in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism as well as modifying starch digestion characteristics. These findings demonstrate that the potential of wheat bran SDF as a functional food ingredient for regulating blood glucose and modulating glucose-lipid metabolism.

wheat bran  /  soluble dietary fiber  /  functional properties  /  extraction method  /  high-fiber beverages
厉芝, 张婷, 孙杰, 王晓玲, 李秋, 李菲. 酶-酸协同法提取小麦麸皮可溶性膳食纤维及其高纤饮料的创制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 246 -258 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050246
Zhi LI, Ting ZHANG, Jie SUN, Xiaoling WANG, Qiu LI, Fei LI. Extraction of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Wheat Bran Using Enzyme-Acid Synergistic Method and Development of a High-fiber Beverage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 246 -258 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050246
小麦作为全球种植范围最广的谷物之一,年产量逾6.5亿吨,在世界粮食供给中占据重要地位。麦麸是小麦制粉过程中重要的副产物,富含膳食纤维(含量超过40%)、淀粉、蛋白质及黄酮类化合物等营养成分[1]。目前麸皮在酿酒、酿醋、饲料等传统领域的应用研究较为广泛,导致其普遍存在产品附加值不高、资源利用率较低等问题[2]。当前工业化提取可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的主要瓶颈包括:一是提取方法的局限性,如酶解法成本较高,微生物法对环境条件要求复杂难以实现工业化生产,传统化学法(如碱法)存在操作困难、不环保等问题;二是提取效率与得率问题,部分方法得率较低,难以满足工业化生产的效益需求,如周丽媛等[3]通过挤压膨化方式提取黑小麦麸皮中的SDF,得率较低为16.17%。郭苗苗等[4]采用碱提法提取麦麸中的SDF,得率仅为11.45%;三是工艺稳定性与规模化难题,实验室优化的工艺参数在规模化生产中可能难以保持稳定,且设备投入、生产流程控制等方面存在挑战[5]。因此,开发麦麸膳食纤维的高效制备技术,对提升麦麸资源利用效率具有重要意义。
膳食纤维在营养学中被定义为食品中无法被人体胃肠道消化酶系统分解的非消化性成分集合。依据其在水环境中的溶解特性,膳食纤维可分为:可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)与不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)两大类别[6]。作为膳食纤维的重要功能组分,SDF具备独特的水溶性和发酵特性,其主要成分包括纤维素,半纤维素,果胶等天然多糖[7]。目前SDF的提取方法有很多,包括化学法、酶法、物理法等,联合使用多种方法会使得SDF的提取率增高,理化性质更加优良,如李蕴等[8]通过单一酶法提取黑豆中的可溶性膳食纤维,提取率为38.4%,李晓宁等[9]通过单一酸法提取大豆皮中可溶性膳食纤维,提取率为12.49%,而陈创业等[10]通过酶-化学法提取玫瑰花渣中的可溶性膳食纤维,提取率为43.59%。近年来,SDF的功能特性研究也取得了重要进展。谢瑶等[11]通过动物实验,证实了魔芋低聚木糖(一种可溶性膳食纤维)能有效缓解小鼠的便秘症状,该物质使小鼠6 h内排便数量较模型组提升近50%,其作用机制与促进肠道蠕动有关。赵文婧等[12]通过体外试验研究谷子SDF对7种肠道菌群生长的影响,结果表明谷子SDF具有良好的持油力(4.05 g/g)、溶解度(1.78 g/100 mL)和吸附胆固醇及亚硝酸根离子的能力,且能显著促进益生菌生长、抑制有害菌生长。何姗姗等[13]通过复合酶解法提取14种食用菌的SDF,研究发现鹿茸菇SDF含量最高(14.73%)且抗氧化以及降糖降脂活性最强,其中DPPH自由基清除率为80.38%,ABTS阳离子自由基清除率为68.73%;降糖方面,葡萄糖吸附能力为1.631 mmol/g,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率达10.71%;降脂活性表现为胆固醇酯酶抑制率51.46%、胰脂肪酶抑制率36.45%,综上结果表明鹿茸菇SDF是优质功能性食品原料。闭琰炎等[14]通过酶法提取和分离纯化玉竹SDF并进行相应体外试验,结果显示,玉竹SDF对α-葡萄糖苷酶的最高抑制率达93.23%±0.57%,对ABTS+自由基、羟基自由基和DPPH自由基的最高清除率分别为72.60%±1.52%、51.92%±1.17%和28.65%±0.77%,结果表明其具有显著的降血糖和抗氧化活性。尽管SDF研究取得显著进展,但原料成本和功能效价的平衡仍是产业化面临的关键问题。小麦麸皮作为大宗农产品加工副产物,其膳食纤维含量高达40%[15],其中SDF含量较高,且来源稳定、成本低廉,是开发功能性食品的理想原料。因此,研究小麦麸皮SDF的高效提取和功能强化技术具有重要的应用价值[16]。
基于此,本研究以小麦麸皮为原料,通过单因素实验及正交试验优化SDF的酶-酸协同法提取工艺,系统分析其基本化学成分及持水性、胆酸结合能力、葡萄糖吸附特性等吸附功能指标,构建体外模拟消化模型,通过测定消化液中SDF的分子量分布变化以及还原糖含量变化,定量评估其在不同消化阶段的抗消化特性,并探究SDF对淀粉糊化和消化特性的影响。基于SDF的功能特性,将其作为核心配料,开发高纤饮料并优化配方。本研究为小麦麸皮SDF的工业化提取及功能性食品应用提供技术依据,可推动麦麸资源从饲料、酿造等传统低值化利用向高附加值功能性配料的方向升级。
小麦麸皮 山东鲁花集团有限公司;木瓜蛋白酶(200000 U/g)、胃蛋白酶(3000 U/mg)、胰蛋白酶(2500 U/g)、纤维素酶(10000 U/g) 南宁庞博生物工程有限公司;α-淀粉酶(10000 U/g) 上海士锋生物科技有限公司;无水乙醇、硫酸、苯酚、3,5-二硝基水杨酸等试剂 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;人工唾液、甘氨胆酸钠(HPLC≥98%)、牛磺胆酸钠(HPLC≥98%)、酒石酸钾钠(分析纯,99%) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;金丝红茶 凤庆勋业农产品发展有限责任公司;木糖醇(食品级,99%) 亿盛源生物科技有限公司;无水柠檬酸(食品级,99%) 天津渤化永利化工股份有限公司;100T/96S直链淀粉测定试剂盒 北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司;ml065035 TBA ELISA 试剂盒 上海酶联生物技术有限公司。
CP413电子天平 上海奥豪斯仪器有限公司;HH-4数显恒温水浴锅 常州易晨仪器制造有限公司;722N可见分光光度计 上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;PHS-3C pH计 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;800Y多功能粉碎机 永康市铂欧五金制品有限公司;RE-201D旋转蒸发器 青岛蓝特恩科教仪器设备有限公司;H2-16KR台式高速冷冻离心机 湖南可成仪器设备有限公司;Synergy 2酶标仪 美国伯腾仪器有限公司;LC-20AT HPLC系统 日本岛津公司;KDT-08B凯氏定氮仪 深圳市三莉科技有限公司。
称5.0 g小麦麸皮粉,按1:10料液比加蒸馏水,60 ℃、pH6下加α-淀粉酶(0.025 g/250 U)酶解60 min,100 ℃灭酶10 min;加木瓜蛋白酶(0.006 g/1200 U)酶解40 min,同温灭酶10 min;盐酸调pH后处理;再于60 ℃、pH6加纤维素酶(0.075 g/750 U)酶解4 h,100 ℃灭酶10 min;冷却后在4000 r/min条件下离心15 min,滤液醇沉2 h,再离心,沉淀物冷冻干燥得SDF。
固定酸处理温度80 ℃、时间1.5 h,考察pH(1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0)对小麦麸皮SDF提取率的影响。
固定酸处理pH2.0、时间1.5 h,考察温度(60、70、80、90、100 ℃)对小麦麸皮SDF提取率的影响。
固定酸处理pH2.0、温度80 ℃,考察酸处理时间(0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5 h)对小麦麸皮SDF提取率的影响。
基于单因素实验结果,选取对SDF提取效果影响显著的酸处理pH、温度、时间3个关键因素设计三因素三水平的正交试验,以SDF提取率为评价指标,以确定最佳工艺参数。正交试验因素水平如表1所示。
参照GB 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定》对SDF的水分含量进行测定。
参照GB 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定》对SDF的蛋白含量进行测定。
准确称取5.0 mg D-无水葡萄糖标准品,溶解后定容至50 mL配成0.1 mg/mL标准储备液。分别于6支试管中加入0.00、0.20、0.40、0.60、0.80、1.00 mL葡萄糖标准溶液,并相应加入1.00、0.80、0.60、0.40、0.20、0.00 mL蒸馏水,再分别向每支试管中加入1.00 mL 5%苯酚溶液和5.00 mL浓硫酸,室温反应20 min。以蒸馏水为参比,于490 nm波长下测定吸光度,取三次测量平均值。以葡萄糖浓度(mg/mL)为横坐标、吸光度为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,得回归方程为y=9.6852x+0.0516,决定系数R2=0.9999,表明标准曲线线性关系良好。样品测定时取1.0 mL待测液按相同步骤操作,测定其吸光度。
参照ZHANG等[17]的方法并进行修改,分别称取1.0 g SDF,倒入离心管中,之后各加入20 mL蒸馏水,放置2 h。按相同操作再制备两组平行样品。3500 r/min离心15 min,收集沉淀并精确称量其质量,按照下列公式计算持水力。
$ \mathrm{持水力(g/g)}=\frac{样品湿质量-样品干质量}{样品干质量} $
参照LI等[18]的方法,并在此基础上修改,称取1.0 g SDF,倒入离心管中,然后加入20 mL大豆油,振荡摇匀,放置2 h。按相同操作再制备两组平行样品。3500 r/min离心15 min,收集沉淀并精确称量其质量,按照下列公式计算持油力。
$ \mathrm{持油力(g/g)}=\frac{样品湿质量-样品干质量}{样品干质量} $
参照KHAN等[19]的方法,并在此基础上进行修改,分别称1.0 g SDF,放入两支25 mL量筒中,然后各倒入15 mL蒸馏水。在室温下,放置24 h,记录样品体积。进行同样的上述步骤,再制备两组平行样品,按照下列公式计算膨胀力。
$ \mathrm{膨胀度(mL/g)}=\frac{膨胀后体积-干品体积}{样品干质量} $
标准曲线测定:取2 mL不同浓度甘氨胆酸钠(0.03、0.06、0.12、0.18、0.24、0.30 mmol/L)和牛磺胆酸钠(0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.35 mmol/L)标准液于试管中,加6 mL 60% H2SO4混匀,70 ℃水浴加热20 min,冷却后以空白溶液为参比,在387 nm测吸光度。以浓度(mmol/L)为横坐标、吸光度为纵坐标,分别绘制两种胆酸盐的标准曲线[20]。胆酸结合能力测定:参照尚学钰等[21]的方法进行改进,将2 mL样品液(10 mg/mL)与3 mL胃蛋白酶液(10 mg/mL)、1 mL 0.01 mol/L HCl混合,37 ℃振荡1 h;调pH至6.3后加4 mL胰蛋白酶液(10 mg/mL),37 ℃再振荡1 h;加入4 mL混合胆酸盐液(含0.3 mmol/L甘氨胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠),37 ℃振荡反应1 h。4000 r/min离心20 min,取2 mL上清液测吸光度,平行测定3次。各胆酸盐结合率R表示为:
$\rm \mathrm{R(\text{%})}=\frac{M1-M2}{M1}\times 100 $
式中,M1为牛磺胆酸钠或甘氨胆酸钠初始加入量(mmol/L);M2为反应后牛磺胆酸钠或甘氨胆酸钠的剩余量(mmol/L)。
参照LUO等[22]和GAN等[23]的方法,并进行相应的修改,测量SDF的亚硝酸盐结合能力(NIAC)。将0.1 g SDF样品加入5.0 mL 20 μg/mL NaNO2溶液,调pH至7.0(模拟小肠)和2.0(模拟胃),室温静置2 h,4800 r/min离心10 min,取0.4 mL上清液,用对氨基苯磺酸-盐酸萘二胺法测NaNO2含量,计算样品结合量及NIAC。NIAC按下式计算:
$\rm \mathrm{NIAC(\text{μ}g/g)}=(C_{ \mathrm{i}} \mathrm{-C}_{ \mathrm{S}} \mathrm{)\times V/W}_{ \mathrm{S}} $
式中:Ci和Cs为吸附前后上清液中NaNO2的浓度(μg/L),Ws为样品质量(g),V为NaNO2溶液体积(L)。
葡萄糖结合能力(GAC)测定,参照Ma等[24]的方法,并进行相应的修改。取1.0 g SDF样品,分别加入100 mL不同浓度(5、50、100、200 mmol/L)葡萄糖溶液,混匀后37 ℃静置6 h。4800 r/min离心10 min后取0.5 mL上清液,用DNS(二硝基水杨酸盐)法检测葡萄糖浓度。GAC按下式计算:
$\rm \mathrm{GAC(mmol/g)}=(C_{ \mathrm{i}} \mathrm{-C}_{ \mathrm{S}} \mathrm{)\times V/W}_{ \mathrm{S}} $
式中Ci、CS分别表示吸附前、后上清液中的葡萄糖浓度(mmoL/L),WS为SDF样品质量(g),V为参与反应的葡萄糖溶液体积(L)。
配制100 mmol/L的葡萄糖溶液,添加SDF样品,使其浓度为1%(w/v)。将25 mL混合液置于3500 Da透析袋中,置于200 mL超纯水中透析。透析时,分别在30、60、90、120、150 min时吸取样品溶液0.5 mL于试管中,按DNS标准曲线方法测吸光值。SDF对葡萄糖透析延迟系数按下式计算:
$ \mathrm{葡萄糖透析延迟系数=(1-n}_{ \mathrm{1}} \mathrm{/n}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{)\times 100} $
式中:n0为对照组葡萄糖物质的量;n1为样品组葡萄糖物质的量。
模拟唾液(SSF,购买所得)。模拟胃液(simulated gastric fluid,SGF):参照岑勤[25]的方法并作修改,模拟胃液由NaCl(3.1 g/L)、KCl(1.1 g/L)、NaHCO3(0.6 g/L)和CaCl2(0.15 g/L)组成,用盐酸溶液(0.1 mol/L)调节pH至2.5。然后,将150 g的溶液与1 mL CH3COONa(1.0 mol/L,pH5)和35.0 mg胃蛋白酶混合。将混合物pH调节到2.0,即模拟胃液消化液(SGF)。模拟肠液(Simulated Intestinal Fluid,SIF):参照岑勤[25]的方法并作修改,模拟小肠消化液由NaCl(5.4 g/L)、KCl(0.65 g/L)和CaCl2·H2O(0.33 g/L)组成,用NaOH溶液(0.1 mol/L)调节pH至7。然后,将13 mg胰蛋白酶、100 g胰酶溶液(7%,w/w)和200 g胆盐(4%,w/w)与100 g小肠盐溶液混合。将混合物调节pH至7.5,即模拟小肠消化液(SIF),模拟消化液组成成分见表2。
取0.50 g SDF与2.0 mL去离子水混溶,共三组平行,分别加入4.0 mL SSF电解质液、0.375 g α-淀粉酶(2000 U/g)、25 μL 0.3 mol/L CaCl2及975 μL去离子水,调pH至7.0后于37 ℃、135 r/min振荡2 min。设定口消化组分别在0和2 min取样,立即沸水浴灭活酶5 min。
向完成口相消化的7 mL消化液中加入9.1 mL SGF,35 mg胃蛋白酶,5 μL 0.3 mol/L CaCl2溶液和695 μL水,将混合物pH用1 mol/L HCl调节至3。然后在37 ℃和135 r/min下水浴振荡2 h,在第0、60、120 min取样,沸水浴5 min以使酶灭活。
用1 mol/L的氢氧化钠将胃部消化的消化液(16.8 mL)pH调节为7,随后加入1.6 g胰酶,16 mL的SGF,40 μL 0.3 mol/L CaCl2溶液,4 mL 16 mmol胆盐溶液,最后加入1.31 mL超纯水。将混合物于37 ℃和135 r/min下水浴振荡2 h。在第0、30、60、120 min取样,沸水浴5 min以使酶灭活(图1)。
根据刁春仁[26]的方法进行修改,采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)来测定样品在消化前后的分子量分布。消化前后样品均溶于流动相,溶解后过0.45 μm滤膜;消化后样品需经离心、透析(3500 Da)去除杂质。色谱条件:TSKgel GMPWXL(7.8 mm×30 cm;8 μm)色谱柱,HPGPC系统配有示差检测器,柱温为35 ℃,每次注入20 μL样品溶液,以乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液为流动相,流速为0.8 mL/min,用葡聚糖系列标准品进行线性回归校正。
还原糖含量采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法测定样品消化前后数值。按照标准曲线的制备方法及测定条件,测定样品的吸光度值,并计算还原糖含量。
参考文献[27−29]方法并作修改,将250 U淀粉葡糖苷酶(10万U/g)与13000 U猪胰腺α-淀粉酶(2000 U/g)溶于25 mL pH5.2醋酸缓冲液制混合酶液;取1.0 g小麦淀粉及含等量淀粉的小麦淀粉/SDF混合物(1.5%、3%、5%、7%、9%),分别加100 mL同缓冲液,加3颗玻璃珠,沸水浴糊化20 min,冷却至37 ℃后加25 mL混合酶液,于37 ℃、135 r/min振荡水浴消化,分别在0、20、120 min取0.5 mL消化液,沸水浴5 min灭酶,用DNS法测葡萄糖含量。
$ \rm RDS(\text{%}) = \frac{(G_{20} - GF) \times 0.9}{TS} \times 100 $
$ \rm SDS(\text{%}) = \frac{(G_{120} - G_{20}) \times 0.9}{TS} \times 100 $
$ \rm RS(\text{%}) = \frac{\left[ TS - (RDS + SDS) \right]}{TS} \times 100 $
式中,G20和G120分别为水解20 min和120 min产生的葡萄糖含量,GF为淀粉中游离葡萄糖的含量,TS为淀粉总干重。
本试验测试对象为纯小麦淀粉以及小麦淀粉与SDF的混合粉。提前配制1%、2%、3%、4%、5%(w/w)的SDF/小麦淀粉的混合粉。取1.0 g小麦淀粉和含有等量淀粉的小麦淀粉/SDF混合物加入到20.0 g水中,各加入玻璃珠,沸水浴20 min以完全糊化。冷却至室温,4000×g离心20 min,取4 μL上清液用直链淀粉测定试剂盒测定直链淀粉含量。
以茶浓缩液(30 mL)+纯净水为基础溶液,固定基础配方,分别探究以下因素对饮料品质的影响:水添加量(0、15、30、45、60 mL)、木糖醇含量(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)、柠檬酸添加量(0%、0.03%、0.06%、0.09%、0.12%)、SDF添加量(0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%、1.25%)。
为优化产品口感特性,本研究选取木糖醇添加量、无水柠檬酸含量、SDF比例及水分含量四个关键因素作为考察变量,设计四因素三水平正交试验,以感官评价得分为核心质量指标,以确定产品的最优配方。正交试验因素水平如表3所示。
感官评定评分标准如表4所示。
取正交优化配方制备的高纤饮料(茶原液:水=1:1.5,木糖醇8%,柠檬酸0.06%,SDF 0.25%)150 mL,分装至3支50 mL无菌离心管中,密封后分为3组,置于37 ℃恒温培养箱中避光储存。分别于第0、3、7、14 d参照《食品安全国家标准 食品pH值的测定》(GB 5009.237-2016)测定pH,每组测定三次。
取测定pH后的样品10 mL,4000 r/min离心15 min。根据公式计算沉淀率。
$ \mathrm{沉淀率(\text{%})=(m}_{ \mathrm{1}} \mathrm{/m)\times 100} $
式中m1为离心后沉淀物质量,m为样品质量。
所有试验均重复3次,所有数据均以平均数±标准差的形式呈现。以P<0.05判断差异的显著性。采用SPSS 21.0进行数据统计及分析,GraphPad Prism 9.0进行绘图。
由图2A可得,随着pH的增加,SDF提取率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在pH为3.0时,SDF提取率达到最高[30],这可能是由于酸性条件可破坏麦麸中纤维素、半纤维素等细胞壁结构,促进SDF溶出;pH过低时,酸解作用过强,因过度酸解导致SDF分子结构破坏,提取率增加缓慢;随着pH升高至3.0,酸解作用适中,更多SDF被释放。pH继续升高(pH>3.0)时,酸解作用减弱,细胞壁破坏不充分,提取率降低。由图2B可得,SDF的提取率随着温度增加而增加,当温度为90 ℃时,SDF提取率达到最高,后又有所下降[31]。因为高温有利于促进分子的热运动,大量纤维素和半纤维素被破坏而析出,由于纤维素酶的改性作用,转化为SDF[32],提取率升高,温度超过90 ℃后,可能导致酶失活或SDF分子因高温降解,提取率有所下降。从图2C中得出,随着时间的增加SDF提取率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在处理时间为1.5 h达到最高。酸处理初期,时间延长可充分破坏纤维结构,释放更多SDF;但超过1.5 h后,长时间酸解可能导致SDF分子间化学键断裂(如糖苷键),形成小分子碎片,降低SDF的溶解性和提取率。
在单因素实验的基础上,选取pH、温度、时间进行三因素三水平正交试验,进一步优化SDF提取工艺(表5)。其中T为所有组试验提取率总和,y为所有试验结果的总平均值,S为各因素的离差平方和。根据极差(R)的大小,不同因素对可溶性膳食纤维的产率影响的主次顺序如下:pH>时间>温度。离差平方和(S)进一步验证,pH对应的平方和远高于温度和时间,表明pH为影响提取率的极显著因素。以可溶性膳食纤维的产率为指标,最佳因素水平组合为酸处理时间2 h,酸处理温度100 ℃,pH2.0。
为测定SDF纯度,本实验采用苯酚-硫酸法建立葡萄糖标准曲线如图3所示,R2=0.9999,表明标准曲线拟合度良好。膳食纤维由SDF与IDF组成,本实验测得SDF的得率为18.4%±0.78%,IDF得率为61%±1.25%,SDF纯度为52.4%±1.17%,水分含量1.9%±0.12%、蛋白质8.2%±0.21%,这些结果验证了酶-酸协同法提取SDF的高效性与可行性。SDF得率通常与提取方法有关,陶志杰等[16]通过酶-化学法提取麦麸SDF,得率为16.53%,低于本实验所得结果,进一步体现了本研究中酶-酸协同法在提高SDF得率方面具有一定的效果。闭琰炎等[14]通过酶法提取玉竹可溶性膳食纤维并进行分离纯化,将纯度由51.42%提升为83.23%,所以本课题组将在以后的研究中进一步纯化,将纯度提高。
持水力、膨胀力和持油力是衡量可溶性膳食纤维品质的重要指标[33−34]。由表6可知SDF的持水性是7.35 g/g,该值高于红花籽粕SDF(5.58 g/g)和部分植物纤维[35],研究表明麦麸SDF结构中富含羟基等亲水基团[36],赋予其强大的水合能力。研究表明吸水后,SDF分子链展开并通过氢键等相互作用形成高黏度凝胶网络[37]。这种凝胶结构不仅能增加饱腹感、延缓胃排空、促进肠道湿润以改善便秘,更重要的是,它在肠道内形成的黏稠环境显著增加了食糜黏度,其极大地延缓了葡萄糖分子向肠壁的扩散,从而有效平缓餐后血糖上升[38]。由表6可知,SDF的持油性为5.40 g/g,持油性较强,这是因为SDF中的纤维素可结合食物中的油脂,从而减少油脂吸收,辅助降低血脂。膨胀度为在水中膨胀的体积,反映纤维在肠道内的填充作用。由表6可知膨胀度为5.89 mL/g,膨胀度较高,这与SDF中亲水基团吸水溶胀直接相关,膨胀后SDF可占据肠道空间,刺激肠道蠕动,加速食物残渣排出,与持水性共同作用,优化肠道传输功能[39]。由表6可知甘氨胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠的结合能力分别为15.85%、18.14%,SDF可结合肠道中的胆酸,减少其重吸收,促使肝脏利用胆固醇合成新胆酸,降低血液胆固醇水平,预防动脉粥样硬化。SDF与亚硝酸盐结合能力较高,达到43.80 μg/g,可减少其与胺类物质反应生成致癌物亚硝胺的风险。由表6可知,葡萄糖结合能力较高,达到0.9 mmol/g,SDF分子结构中的羟基(-OH)、羧基(-COOH)等极性基团可通过氢键与葡萄糖分子发生可逆性结合。这种直接相互作用,协同其形成高黏度凝胶网络所产生的强大扩散阻力,共同作用延缓了葡萄糖向肠道吸收表面的扩散速率,并可能在局部微环境中瞬时降低游离葡萄糖的有效浓度,从而减少其吸收效率,降低餐后血糖峰值[40−41]。
由图4可知,与对照组相比,透析30 min内,SDF抑制葡萄糖扩散的能力最强,葡萄糖透析延迟系数达到最大值88。在60 min内SDF对葡萄糖扩散的抑制效果显著但略欠佳,透析液中葡萄糖含量仍远少于对照组中葡萄糖含量;60 min始,SDF对葡萄糖的扩散抑制效果进一步减弱;90 min后,SDF对葡萄糖扩散的抑制效果几近于无。除了SDF自身与葡萄糖的结合之外,添加了SDF之后溶液的黏度升高,也是影响葡萄糖扩散的因素。当吸附达到饱和时,葡萄糖的扩散仅受黏度影响。试验结果证明SDF有抑制葡萄糖扩散和减少吸收的潜力。
人体唾液成分复杂,关键酶为α-淀粉酶,可以激活多糖中α-(1,4)-键的水解。由图5A可知SDF在HPGPC色谱图中有单一主峰,保留时间为15.2 min;口腔液也在HPGPC色谱图中有单一主峰,但保留时间为18.5 min,两者的保留时间不同表明两者成分差异显著。图5B结果显示体外模拟唾液消化过程中,不同消化时间的保留时间(15.2 min)和反应值均无明显变化,说明唾液淀粉酶不能水解SDF。从图5C可知胃液在HPGPC色谱图中也有1个主峰,与SDF主峰位置部分重叠(约15.2 min)。图5D显示体外模拟胃液消化过程中,出现了连峰在SDF主峰位置。且随着消化时间的增加,连峰越明显,说明SDF中的糖苷键可以被胃液破坏,但破坏程度较轻。肠液图中SDF在HPGPC色谱图中的主峰与胃液在HPGPC色谱图中的主峰保留时间重合(15.2 min),结果表明肠液中的酶和胆盐无法降解SDF,其分子量分布在肠道环境中保持稳定。体外模拟消化试验结果表明,小麦麸皮SDF在口腔、胃和肠道消化体系中均表现出优异的抗消化特性,其分子量分布保持相对稳定,仅在胃消化阶段观察到轻微降解。
根据图6所示,在口腔阶段,还原糖含量保持稳定,表明SDF未受唾液淀粉酶影响;在胃阶段,还原糖含量仅小幅增加;进入小肠阶段后,还原糖含量重新趋于稳定。这一结果与分子量分布分析一致,证实SDF具有极强的抗消化性,能够完整抵达肠道发挥生理功能。
如图7所示RDS(快消化淀粉)随着SDF的添加逐渐降低,RS(抗性淀粉)的含量逐渐升高,因为SDF降低了淀粉颗粒的糊化程度,这导致RDS的含量降低,SDF和浸出直链淀粉之间通过氢键结合,包围了淀粉颗粒的表面,消化酶能水解淀粉的机会降低,这促进了SDS(慢消化淀粉)和RS的增加,所以SDF可以减缓小麦淀粉的消化率。综上所述,SDF有助于降低餐后血糖和胰岛素水平[42]。
添加SDF会使体系黏度降低,可能是SDF附着在淀粉颗粒表面,使淀粉颗粒不论是在溶胀的过程中还是在糊化之后,交联程度均降低,所以体系的黏度降低。随着体系温度升高,淀粉颗粒发生溶胀,并伴随着直链淀粉的浸出。如图8所示,随着SDF的添加,浸出直链淀粉的量逐渐减少,且呈现浓度依赖性效应。在低浓度时,直链淀粉的浸出量较高,推测SDF的添加反而会促进淀粉吸水糊化,当SDF浓度>7%时,直链淀粉浸出量降低,推测高浓度的SDF会结合糊化过程中溶出的直链淀粉附着在淀粉表面,从而减缓淀粉糊化[27]。
由图9A可知,随水的添加量增加,茶饮料口感越佳,当茶原液+水(30 mL)时得分最高,随后茶叶香气过淡,得分大幅降低。图9B显示随木糖醇添加量增加,茶饮料甜味越浓,苦味越淡,当木糖醇添加量为6%时,感官评分得分最高,超过6%时随木糖醇添加量增加茶饮料越甜腻,得分越低。图9C显示随柠檬酸的添加量增加,茶饮料酸味越浓,当柠檬酸添加量为0.06%时,茶饮料滋味最佳,酸甜适口、口感顺滑,当柠檬酸添加量超过0.06%后,随柠檬酸添加量增加,茶饮料越酸涩,同时激发出茶水的苦涩滋味。SDF添加量对于茶饮料风味没有显著影响,但其对茶饮料的外观和状态有着重大影响。图9D显示SDF添加量为0.75%时,茶饮料感官评分最高,茶汤澄黄清澈,无沉淀浑浊,当SDF添加量超过0.75%后,随添加量增加,茶饮料越酸涩,同时激发出茶水的苦涩滋味。
在完成单因素实验的基础上,研究选定水、木糖醇、柠檬酸及SDF作为配方优化的考察因素,针对各因素分别设置三个水平,进而开展四因素三水平的正交试验设计,以实现高纤饮料配方的进一步优化。由表7可知,各因素对小麦麸皮可溶性膳食纤维茶饮料配方的影响程度排序为:水>SDF>柠檬酸>木糖醇。最佳配方为茶原液:纯净水=1:1.5、木糖醇8%(m/V)、柠檬酸0.06%(m/V)、SDF 0.25%(m/V),该配方产品风味最佳。
根据最佳感官评价条件组合进行验证试验,该组合条件为茶原液:纯净水=1:1.5、木糖醇8%(m/V)、柠檬酸0.06%(m/V)、SDF 0.25%(m/V)。平行三组,测得感官评分均值为93±0.21分,显著高于正交试验各组,得到口感顺滑,酸甜适口的高纤饮料,表明正交优化得到的工艺条件可行。
如图10所示,在14 d内,高纤维饮料的pH随时间呈现缓慢且均匀的上升趋势(从3.52至3.91),未出现急剧跳跃或突然变化,表明体系内部反应是缓慢和可控的,这种缓慢变化的趋势说明产品在贮藏期内保持了较好的化学稳定性[43]。总之,稳定性结果与感官评价结果相一致,证明了高纤饮料配方的合理性。
如图11所示,14 d内,随着时间的增加,沉淀率逐渐升高但最终为4.80%,符合GB/T 31326-2014《植物饮料》标准中允许谷物及膳食纤维饮料存在“少量微小沉淀”的感官要求,且数值远低于行业通行的离心沉淀率稳定性临界标准(5%),表明该产品稳定性良好。
本研究通过酶-酸协同法,从小麦麸皮中提取可溶性膳食纤维(SDF),通过单因素实验及正交试验得到SDF最高提取率达18.4%±0.78%,水分含量1.9%±0.12%、蛋白质含量8.2%±0.21%。功能特性分析表明,SDF具有优异的持水性(7.35 g/g)、持油性(5.40 g/g)和膨胀度(5.89 mL/g),且SDF对胆酸盐、亚硝酸盐及葡萄糖表现出显著结合能力。此外,SDF还可抑制葡萄糖的扩散以及影响淀粉的消化特性,使RDS的比例降低22.7%,使SDS和RS的比例分别增加31.5%和18.9%,显著延缓淀粉的消化进程,且自身具有抗消化性。基于SDF的功能特性,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化出高纤饮料最佳配方为茶原液:纯净水=1:1.5、木糖醇8%(m/V)、柠檬酸0.06%(m/V)、SDF 0.25%(m/V),产品感官评分93分,该配方产品澄黄清澈、酸甜口感优良,稳定性较好。本方法的提取比单一化学法或酶法所得提取率要高,其持水性和膨胀度、持油性都会有所提升,此外其与胆酸盐等的结合能力较强。如QIN等[44]通过感应电场等物理方法,提取麦麸中的SDF,使其提取率从7.69%增加到12.02%,低于本方法对麦麸的提取率;如SHEN等[45]通过超声-微波法提取黑大豆壳中的SDF,其持水性、吸水性和持油性分别为3.79 g/g、1.39 mL/g和1.14 g/g,分别比原始SDF值增加了9.54%、23.01%和17.53%,且其效果要比单一酶法的胆固醇结合能力要强,所以联合提取要比单一提取效果要好;本研究建立了小麦麸皮SDF从提取到应用的全链条技术体系,显著提升了小麦麸皮SDF的提取效率与功能价值,揭示小麦麸皮SDF对淀粉消化进程的抑制作用机制,为膳食纤维调控血糖提供新证据。本研究仍存在一定的局限,目前功能评价仅基于体外模拟实验,缺乏动物及人体临床试验验证其体内血糖调控效果。所以未来可开展动物模型及临床研究,验证麦麸SDF在体内的血糖调节活性及安全性;还可通过核磁共振(NMR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术解析SDF的精细结构,阐明结构-功能的定量关系;不断优化规模化提取工艺,降低生产成本,并拓展其在烘焙食品、保健食品等领域的应用,推动麦麸资源从低值化利用向高附加值功能成分的深度转化。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050246
  • 接收时间:2025-05-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26
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    1青岛大学生命科学学院,山东青岛 266071
    2山东鲁花集团,山东莱阳 265200

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李菲(1995−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品功能因子的提取纯化、结构解析与其活性挖掘,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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