Article(id=1320175837253587083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050279, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748361600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684047281, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684047281, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684047281, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684047281, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=192, endPage=201, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320175838822256780, articleId=1320175837253587083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Screening Identification and Probiotic Characterization of Konjac Glucomannan-degrading Bacteria, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To overcome the restricted bioactivity of konjac glucomannan (KGM) caused by its high molecular weight, KGM-degrading bacteria were isolated from konjac cultivation soil, diseased konjac tubers, and liquor fermentation systems. The probiotic potential of these strains was assessed based on acid and bile salt tolerance, resistance to simulated gastrointestinal fluids, and safety evaluations. It was found that all four isolated strains exhibited excellent KGM-degrading capability, along with high tolerance to acidic conditions, bile salts, and simulated digestive fluids, a safe profile, antibiotic sensitivity, antibacterial activity, and strong adhesion capability to human colon cancer Caco-2 cells. Through morphological and 16S rDNA analyses, strain JQ4 was identified as Bacillus halotolerans, whereas strains JZ6 and JZ8 were classified as Bacillus paralicheniforms, and RF8 was confirmed as Bacillus licheniforms. Notably, Bacillus licheniformis RF8 exhibited β-mannanase activity of 49.92±0.06 U/mL, demonstrated survival rates of 96.57%±0.27% and 82.22%±0.48% after 3 h in simulated gastric fluid (pH2.0) and 6 h in simulated intestinal fluid (pH8.0), respectively, and showed a high adhesion capability to human colon cancer Caco-2 cells of 362.76±4.31 CFU/cell. In conclusion, four Bacillus strains with both efficient KGM-degrading capacity and promising probiotic characteristics were successfully obtained. These findings provide valuable microbial resources and a theoretical foundation for the development of functional oligosaccharides and novel probiotic formulations.

, authors=Xueying XU1, Shuaiyu YANG1, Yuwei FAN1, Changyang DENG1, Yuanming JIANG1, Linbo SHEN1, Yuyan ZHOU2, Guangfei HAO1, *, authorsList=Xueying XU, Shuaiyu YANG, Yuwei FAN, Changyang DENG, Yuanming JIANG, Linbo SHEN, Yuyan ZHOU, Guangfei HAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guangfei HAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320175840852299935, articleId=1320175837253587083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=魔芋葡甘聚糖降解菌的筛选、鉴定与益生特性分析, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)因高分子特性导致其生物活性受限问题,本研究从魔芋种植土壤、病态魔芋球茎及酿酒发酵体系中筛选出具有KGM降解能力的细菌,并通过测定耐酸耐胆盐、耐人工胃肠液能力及菌株安全性等考察KGM降解菌的益生应用潜力。结果表明,分离获得的4株菌均具有良好的KGM降解能力、耐酸耐胆盐能力、耐人工胃肠液能力、安全性、抗生素敏感性、抑菌活性及较强的人结肠癌细胞Caco-2黏附能力。结合形态学观察与16S rDNA序列分析,确定JQ4为嗜盐芽孢杆菌(Bacillus halotolerans),JZ6和JZ8为副地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus paralicheniforms),RF8为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniforms)。其中,地衣芽孢杆菌RF8的β-甘露聚糖酶活力达49.92±0.06 U/mL;在pH为2的人工胃液耐受3 h和pH为8的人工肠液耐受6 h后存活率为96.57%±0.27%和82.22%±0.48%;对人结肠癌细胞Caco-2的黏附能力高达362.76±4.31 CFU/cell。综上所述,本研究成功筛选出4株兼具KGM降解能力与优良益生特性的芽孢杆菌,为功能性低聚糖产品开发及新型益生菌制剂研制提供了菌种资源与理论依据。

, authors=徐雪莹1, 杨帅宇1, 樊雨薇1, 邓长阳1, 蒋远明1, 申林波1, 周玉岩2, 郝光飞1, *, authorsList=徐雪莹, 杨帅宇, 樊雨薇, 邓长阳, 蒋远明, 申林波, 周玉岩, 郝光飞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郝光飞, authorNote=

徐雪莹(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
郝光飞(1982−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品资源开发与综合利用,E-mail:。
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BMC Microbiology, 2020, 20(1): 248., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320175841095569568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175841103958177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, companyId=1320175841095569568, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175841112346786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, companyId=1320175841095569568, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320175841179455651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175841192038564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, companyId=1320175841179455651, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Hebei Provincial Food, Drug and Medical Device Inspection and Research Center, Shijiazhuang 050299, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175841200427173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, companyId=1320175841179455651, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河北省药品医疗器械检验研究院,河北石家庄 050299)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320175845990322392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Colony morphology of each strain on LB solid medium, figureFileSmall=Nv6J0wy7DRJQf7N1IW1sMg==, figureFileBig=SIOUTI6+ZtQg90lx+1GIBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175847655461081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各菌株在LB固体培养基上的菌落形态, figureFileSmall=Nv6J0wy7DRJQf7N1IW1sMg==, figureFileBig=SIOUTI6+ZtQg90lx+1GIBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175847873564890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Survival rates of each strain at different pH, figureFileSmall=DVdYby9phYyyIloSNjBy9Q==, figureFileBig=LX3P7sUNmNNm71nosdHLRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175847961645275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各菌株在不同pH下的存活率

注:相同pH条件下,不同字母表示不同菌株的存活率差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=DVdYby9phYyyIloSNjBy9Q==, figureFileBig=LX3P7sUNmNNm71nosdHLRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848049725660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Survival rates of each strain at different bile salt concentrations, figureFileSmall=DaPCkGlPqn5yj4N5W/lxmg==, figureFileBig=JUlo8402xgCnYvQm5fupuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848137806045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各菌株在不同胆盐浓度下的存活率

注:相同胆盐浓度条件下,不同字母表示不同菌株的存活率差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=DaPCkGlPqn5yj4N5W/lxmg==, figureFileBig=JUlo8402xgCnYvQm5fupuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848225886430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Survival rate of each strains treated with artificial gastrointestinal fluid, figureFileSmall=D4COFYuuowrOI6VGZHwTXA==, figureFileBig=kguAIwU6r34yhrfKZjxYMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848297189599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各菌株经人工胃肠液处理后的存活率

注:相同模拟胃液/模拟肠液条件下,不同字母表示不同菌株的存活率差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=D4COFYuuowrOI6VGZHwTXA==, figureFileBig=kguAIwU6r34yhrfKZjxYMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848364298464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Hemolytic types of each strain, figureFileSmall=GfWTRx433SZ0qVxGyuoE5Q==, figureFileBig=ezBpnTnSP/wXB30Cxu2hrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848448184545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各菌株溶血类型, figureFileSmall=GfWTRx433SZ0qVxGyuoE5Q==, figureFileBig=ezBpnTnSP/wXB30Cxu2hrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848515293410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Phylogenetic tree of strains based on 16S rDNA gene sequences, figureFileSmall=Paxf7kJ86OPbRHX+5c4ToA==, figureFileBig=XKe9irB/ERTQ49zyqBXcDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848586596579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于16S rDNA基因序列的菌株系统发育树, figureFileSmall=Paxf7kJ86OPbRHX+5c4ToA==, figureFileBig=XKe9irB/ERTQ49zyqBXcDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848649511140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Self-coagulation rate of each strain at different time points, figureFileSmall=axqEDCXRgXZYyuqvA4NtOw==, figureFileBig=i631vETFVlHuDS98uYuD2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848725008613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各菌株在不同时间点的自凝聚率

注:相同时间点下,不同字母表示不同菌株自凝聚率差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=axqEDCXRgXZYyuqvA4NtOw==, figureFileBig=i631vETFVlHuDS98uYuD2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848808894694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Hydrophobicity of each strain to different solvents, figureFileSmall=Cv6BfSrGsRjFxfezJ7t6JA==, figureFileBig=VjPDXm2WqbWFwd4f1l0k+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848884392167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各菌株对不同溶剂的疏水性

注:相同溶剂条件下,不同字母表示不同菌株疏水性差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Cv6BfSrGsRjFxfezJ7t6JA==, figureFileBig=VjPDXm2WqbWFwd4f1l0k+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175848938918120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Adhesion ability of each strain to Caco-2 cells, figureFileSmall=xwwfhvN9Kz4v41AR812Wsg==, figureFileBig=YFVGy62Ue+/iPvFLNCtrKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175849022804201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=图9, caption=各菌株对Caco-2细胞黏附能力

注:不同菌株柱上的不同字母表示菌株对Caco-2细胞黏附能力差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=xwwfhvN9Kz4v41AR812Wsg==, figureFileBig=YFVGy62Ue+/iPvFLNCtrKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175849102495978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Transparent zone sizes of various strains

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菌株编号D/d(cm)菌株编号D/d(cm)
JQ11.56±0.04MT11.42±0.07
JQ31.41±0.08MT21.24±0.06
JQ42.43±0.03MT31.22±0.19
JQ91.84±0.03MT51.47±0.03
JZ11.73±0.03MT71.68±0.05
JZ41.44±0.02RF21.85±0.07
JZ51.29±0.08RF31.26±0.07
JZ61.85±0.03RF51.66±0.02
JZ81.95±0.02RF82.56±0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1320175849177993451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各菌株透明圈大小

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株编号D/d(cm)菌株编号D/d(cm)
JQ11.56±0.04MT11.42±0.07
JQ31.41±0.08MT21.24±0.06
JQ42.43±0.03MT31.22±0.19
JQ91.84±0.03MT51.47±0.03
JZ11.73±0.03MT71.68±0.05
JZ41.44±0.02RF21.85±0.07
JZ51.29±0.08RF31.26±0.07
JZ61.85±0.03RF51.66±0.02
JZ81.95±0.02RF82.56±0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1320175849249296620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Enzyme activity of each strain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株编号酶活力(U/mL)菌株编号酶活力(U/mL)
JQ436.19±0.05JZ837.42±0.35
JQ918.31±0.04MT717.64±0.15
JZ132.92±0.04RF218.31±0.02
JZ322.43±0.04RF518.23±0.04
JZ638.36±0.03RF849.92±0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1320175849303822573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各菌株酶活力大小

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株编号酶活力(U/mL)菌株编号酶活力(U/mL)
JQ436.19±0.05JZ837.42±0.35
JQ918.31±0.04MT717.64±0.15
JZ132.92±0.04RF218.31±0.02
JZ322.43±0.04RF518.23±0.04
JZ638.36±0.03RF849.92±0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1320175849366737134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Antibiotic sensitivity of each strain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药物名称菌株编号
JQ4JZ6JZ8RF8
四环素SSSS
链霉素SSSS
氨苄西林IIII
万古霉素RIIR
氯霉素SSSS
红霉素RIII
青霉素IIII
克林霉素RRRR
新霉素SSSS
诺氟沙星SSSS
庆大霉素SSSS
环丙沙星SSSS
), ArticleFig(id=1320175849433845999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各菌株抗生素敏感性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药物名称菌株编号
JQ4JZ6JZ8RF8
四环素SSSS
链霉素SSSS
氨苄西林IIII
万古霉素RIIR
氯霉素SSSS
红霉素RIII
青霉素IIII
克林霉素RRRR
新霉素SSSS
诺氟沙星SSSS
庆大霉素SSSS
环丙沙星SSSS
), ArticleFig(id=1320175849509343472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Antibacterial capabilities of each strain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指示菌JQ4抑菌圈(mm)JZ6抑菌圈(mm)JZ8抑菌圈(mm)RF8抑菌圈(mm)
大肠杆菌19.05±0.14b14.42±0.03d15.83±0.05c21.03±0.05a
金黄色葡萄球菌19.12±0.03b15.04±0.05c19.15±0.04b23.05±0.04a
沙门氏菌18.15±0.04b16.16±0.03d17.19±0.02c23.34±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1320175849584840945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175837253587083, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各菌株抑菌能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指示菌JQ4抑菌圈(mm)JZ6抑菌圈(mm)JZ8抑菌圈(mm)RF8抑菌圈(mm)
大肠杆菌19.05±0.14b14.42±0.03d15.83±0.05c21.03±0.05a
金黄色葡萄球菌19.12±0.03b15.04±0.05c19.15±0.04b23.05±0.04a
沙门氏菌18.15±0.04b16.16±0.03d17.19±0.02c23.34±0.03a
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魔芋葡甘聚糖降解菌的筛选、鉴定与益生特性分析
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徐雪莹 1 , 杨帅宇 1 , 樊雨薇 1 , 邓长阳 1 , 蒋远明 1 , 申林波 1 , 周玉岩 2 , 郝光飞 1, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(12): 192-201
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (12) : 192 -201
魔芋葡甘聚糖降解菌的筛选、鉴定与益生特性分析
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徐雪莹1 , 杨帅宇1, 樊雨薇1, 邓长阳1, 蒋远明1, 申林波1, 周玉岩2, 郝光飞1, *
作者信息
  • 1河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038
  • 2河北省药品医疗器械检验研究院,河北石家庄 050299
通讯作者:
郝光飞(1982−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品资源开发与综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

徐雪莹(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

Screening Identification and Probiotic Characterization of Konjac Glucomannan-degrading Bacteria
Xueying XU1 , Shuaiyu YANG1, Yuwei FAN1, Changyang DENG1, Yuanming JIANG1, Linbo SHEN1, Yuyan ZHOU2, Guangfei HAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
  • 2Hebei Provincial Food, Drug and Medical Device Inspection and Research Center, Shijiazhuang 050299, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050279
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为解决魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)因高分子特性导致其生物活性受限问题,本研究从魔芋种植土壤、病态魔芋球茎及酿酒发酵体系中筛选出具有KGM降解能力的细菌,并通过测定耐酸耐胆盐、耐人工胃肠液能力及菌株安全性等考察KGM降解菌的益生应用潜力。结果表明,分离获得的4株菌均具有良好的KGM降解能力、耐酸耐胆盐能力、耐人工胃肠液能力、安全性、抗生素敏感性、抑菌活性及较强的人结肠癌细胞Caco-2黏附能力。结合形态学观察与16S rDNA序列分析,确定JQ4为嗜盐芽孢杆菌(Bacillus halotolerans),JZ6和JZ8为副地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus paralicheniforms),RF8为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniforms)。其中,地衣芽孢杆菌RF8的β-甘露聚糖酶活力达49.92±0.06 U/mL;在pH为2的人工胃液耐受3 h和pH为8的人工肠液耐受6 h后存活率为96.57%±0.27%和82.22%±0.48%;对人结肠癌细胞Caco-2的黏附能力高达362.76±4.31 CFU/cell。综上所述,本研究成功筛选出4株兼具KGM降解能力与优良益生特性的芽孢杆菌,为功能性低聚糖产品开发及新型益生菌制剂研制提供了菌种资源与理论依据。

魔芋葡甘聚糖降解  /  菌株筛选  /  分子鉴定  /  芽孢杆菌  /  益生特性

To overcome the restricted bioactivity of konjac glucomannan (KGM) caused by its high molecular weight, KGM-degrading bacteria were isolated from konjac cultivation soil, diseased konjac tubers, and liquor fermentation systems. The probiotic potential of these strains was assessed based on acid and bile salt tolerance, resistance to simulated gastrointestinal fluids, and safety evaluations. It was found that all four isolated strains exhibited excellent KGM-degrading capability, along with high tolerance to acidic conditions, bile salts, and simulated digestive fluids, a safe profile, antibiotic sensitivity, antibacterial activity, and strong adhesion capability to human colon cancer Caco-2 cells. Through morphological and 16S rDNA analyses, strain JQ4 was identified as Bacillus halotolerans, whereas strains JZ6 and JZ8 were classified as Bacillus paralicheniforms, and RF8 was confirmed as Bacillus licheniforms. Notably, Bacillus licheniformis RF8 exhibited β-mannanase activity of 49.92±0.06 U/mL, demonstrated survival rates of 96.57%±0.27% and 82.22%±0.48% after 3 h in simulated gastric fluid (pH2.0) and 6 h in simulated intestinal fluid (pH8.0), respectively, and showed a high adhesion capability to human colon cancer Caco-2 cells of 362.76±4.31 CFU/cell. In conclusion, four Bacillus strains with both efficient KGM-degrading capacity and promising probiotic characteristics were successfully obtained. These findings provide valuable microbial resources and a theoretical foundation for the development of functional oligosaccharides and novel probiotic formulations.

konjac glucomannan degradation  /  strain screening  /  molecular identification  /  Bacillus  /  probiotic properties
徐雪莹, 杨帅宇, 樊雨薇, 邓长阳, 蒋远明, 申林波, 周玉岩, 郝光飞. 魔芋葡甘聚糖降解菌的筛选、鉴定与益生特性分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 192 -201 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050279
Xueying XU, Shuaiyu YANG, Yuwei FAN, Changyang DENG, Yuanming JIANG, Linbo SHEN, Yuyan ZHOU, Guangfei HAO. Screening Identification and Probiotic Characterization of Konjac Glucomannan-degrading Bacteria[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 192 -201 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050279
魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)是一种从魔芋块茎中提取的具有抗炎、抗氧化等多种生理功能的高分子量(200~2000 kDa)活性多糖[1−2]。然而,较高的分子量增加了KGM的空间位阻效应,极大地限制了其生物利用度和生理活性的有效发挥[3−4]。降低KGM分子量获得的低分子量魔芋葡甘低聚糖(konjac oligoglucomannan,KOGM)在调节肠道微生态、调控免疫系统以及干预代谢性疾病等方面展现了更为优异的生理活性[5−7]。在调节肠道微生态方面,KOGM可通过调节益生菌细胞膜转运蛋白表达,使菌株生长效率相较于KGM对照组提升4~5倍[8]。在抗氧化能力方面,KOGM可通过靶向清除活性氧自由基,显著提升肝脏和血浆中超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的催化活性[9]。而且,KOGM还可激活β-半乳糖苷酶编码基因表达,加速短链脂肪酸合成代谢,进而改善乳糖不耐症症状[10]。
在现有KOGM制备技术中,微生物降解法因其反应条件温和、底物特异性高且环境友好展现出显著优势[11]。目前报道的KGM降解菌大多集中于曲霉属、青霉属等真菌类群[12−13]。这些菌株虽具备较强的多糖降解能力,但在特定培养条件下易触发次级代谢通路,合成危害人体健康的真菌毒素。相较而言,细菌类降解菌株因其代谢过程严格遵循中心碳代谢途径且无毒素合成风险,在食品、医药等高安全性领域展现出独特的应用价值[14]。
在菌株筛选中,科学选择分离基质是实现高效筛选的关键。KGM作为一种复杂多糖,其降解依赖于特定酶系与代谢通路,传统随机筛选或单一环境采样难以满足高效和特异性筛选需求[15−16]。因此,亟需从特定的生态环境中筛选高效降解KGM的菌株。魔芋种植土壤作为KGM天然富集生态位,其独特碳源胁迫环境促使土壤固有微生物演化出针对KGM的特异性降解酶系,而在患有软腐病的魔芋球茎的高浓度KGM胁迫下,球茎表面附着的微生物可主动上调β-甘露聚糖酶基因转录进而增强对KGM的代谢能力,形成KGM高效降解通路[17−18]。此外,在以小麦为原料的酿酒体系中,淀粉、纤维素和半纤维素等多糖成分与KGM结构中均具有β-1,4-糖苷键,故其产生糖苷水解酶可高效裂解KGM,且小麦细胞壁多糖与KGM主链结构同源,其降解过程也可能诱导广谱性糖苷水解酶产生,赋予微生物降解KGM潜力[19−20]。
因此,本研究从魔芋种植土壤、病态魔芋球茎及酿酒发酵体系中分离筛选KGM降解菌,通过菌落形态观察、分子生物学鉴定及耐受性、安全性和益生性能评价,系统探究其潜在益生特性。本研究不仅为KGM安全降解提供技术路径,同时还挖掘兼具降解与益生功能的菌株资源,为开发“降解—益生”双功能益生菌制剂提供菌种储备,推动生物技术与大健康产业的交叉创新。
魔芋种植土壤、患有软腐病的魔芋球茎 采集自河北省邯郸市复兴区魔芋种植基地;酒曲、酒醅 采集自河北丛台酒业有限公司制曲车间;KGM 合肥博美生物有限责任公司;大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella) 保藏于河北工程大学微生物资源开发与保护实验室;3,5-二硝基水杨酸试剂(分析纯AR) 广州和为医药科技公司;刚果红(分析纯AR) 天津市致远化学试剂有限公司;牛胆盐(分析纯AR) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;抗生素药物敏感性测试纸片 常德比克曼生物科技有限公司。
YXQ-LS-50SII立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅 天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司;B31606高速离心机 上海市离心机械研究所有限公司;OPTEC双目生物显微镜 重庆奥特光学仪器有限公司;PHSJ-4F台式pH计 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司(雷磁)。
液体富集培养基(g/L):KGM 20.0 g,酵母浸膏6.0 g,胰蛋白胨5.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,pH自然,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
固体筛选培养基(g/L):KGM 15.0 g,MgSO4·7H2O 1.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01 g,NaNO3 3.0 g,胰蛋白胨5.0 g,K2HPO4 1.0 g,琼脂18.0 g,pH自然,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
液体发酵培养基(g/L):KGM 10.0 g,酵母浸膏5.0 g,MgSO4·7H2O 1.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01 g,NaNO3 3.0 g,K2HPO4 1.0 g,pH自然,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
LB固体培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0 g,酵母浸膏5.0 g,NaCl 10.0 g,琼脂18.0 g,pH自然,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
取10 g魔芋种植土壤、患有软腐病的魔芋球茎、酒曲、酒醅样品溶解于90 mL无菌生理盐水中,充分混匀制成样品悬液。取2 mL样品悬液接种于90 mL液体富集培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养48 h。培养结束后将其10倍梯度稀释,分别吸取10−3~10−6稀释度的悬液100 μL涂布于固体筛选培养基,37 ℃培养48 h。挑取固体筛选培养基中的单菌落接种于液体富集培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养24 h,4 ℃、6000 r/min离心10 min,收集菌体沉淀并加入磷酸盐缓冲液进行洗涤重悬制成初筛菌悬液。取15 μL初筛菌悬液点接于固体筛选培养基中,37 ℃培养48 h。参考陈欢等[21]方法略作修改,通过透明圈直径与菌落直径比值(D/d)评价菌株降解KGM能力。将D/d较大的菌株接种于液体发酵培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养24 h,4 ℃、6000 r/min离心10 min,上清液即为粗酶液。参考李传峥[22]的方法,采用DNS法进行菌株酶活力的测定,其中酶活力单位定义为:在上述反应条件下,以1%魔芋葡甘聚糖为底物,每分钟释放1 μmol相当于D-甘露糖的还原糖所需的酶量记为一个酶活单位(U),酶活力按式(1)计算:
$\mathrm{酶活力}(\text{U/mL}) =\frac{\text{A×N}}{\text{0.18×T×V}} $
式中:A为甘露糖标准曲线中OD540 nm值所对应的甘露糖含量(mg);N为粗酶液稀释倍数;0.18为D-甘露糖转换因子(mg/μmol);T为反应时间(min);V为粗酶液的反应量(mL)。
采用LB固体培养基对筛选获得的KGM降解菌株进行划线纯化,37 ℃培养48 h。结合菌落形态与革兰氏染色结果,分析各菌株的基本细胞形态与特征。
选取1.2.2中酶活力较高的菌株接种于LB肉汤培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养24 h,连续传代3次,得到活化菌液。将活化菌液于4 ℃、6000 r/min离心10 min后收集菌体沉淀,用磷酸盐缓冲液充分洗涤菌体2~3次,调节菌体浓度至1.0×108 CFU/mL(OD600 nm=1.0)。
按体积分数3%取菌悬液接种于不同初始pH(1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5、5.5)的LB肉汤培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养24 h,分别测定各pH条件下菌液的OD600 nm。空白对照为:按体积分数3%取菌悬液接种于自然pH的LB肉汤培养基中的菌液,按式(2)计算菌株在不同初始pH下的存活率:
$ \mathrm{菌株存活率}( \text{%}) =\frac{{\text{OD}}_{\text{S}}}{{\text{OD}}_{\text{K}}}\times \mathrm{100}$
式中:ODS为不同处理后菌液OD600 nm;ODK为未经处理的菌液OD600 nm。
按体积分数3%取菌悬液接种于不同胆盐浓度(0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、0.7% w/v)的LB肉汤培养基,37 ℃、180 r/min培养24 h,分别测定各胆盐浓度条件下菌液的OD600 nm。空白对照为:按体积分数3%取菌悬液接种于不含胆盐的LB液体培养基中的菌液,按式(2)计算菌株在不同胆盐浓度下的存活率。
人工胃肠液的配制及耐受性试验参照HOU等[23]和LIU等[24]方法并加以优化。取1 mL菌悬液与9 mL人工胃液于试管中充分混合均匀,37 ℃、180 r/min培养3 h,分别在0 h和3 h测定其OD600 nm。空白对照为未经人工胃液处理的菌液,按式(2)计算菌株经人工胃液处理后的存活率。
取上述经人工胃液处理3 h后的菌液1 mL与9 mL人工肠液于试管中充分混合均匀,37 ℃、180 r/min培养6 h,分别在0 h和6 h测定其OD600 nm,每个菌株设置3个平行试验,最终结果取平均值。空白对照为未经人工肠液处理的菌液,按式(2)计算菌株经人工肠液处理后的存活率。
将菌悬液接种于含有5%羊血的哥伦比亚血琼脂平板上,37 ℃培养24 h,培养结束后观察菌落周围是否出现草绿色色带(α-溶血)或无色透明圈(β-溶血),若未出现则认为其不具有溶血性(也称γ-溶血),以金黄色葡萄球菌作为对照菌株[25]。
将活化后的优势菌株于4 ℃、6000 r/min离心10 min后收集菌体沉淀后送至赛恒生物科技有限公司(上海)进行16S rDNA基因序列测定,将测定结果提交至美国国家生物技术信息中心(national center of biotechnology information,NCBI)中进行同源性比对分析,利用MEGA11软件构建菌株系统发育树。
参考檀茜倩等[26]方法加以修改,采用纸片扩散法评估菌株的抗生素敏感性。取100 μL菌悬液均匀涂布于LB固体培养基表面,分别将青霉素、四环素、庆大霉素等12种抗生素药敏纸片放置于培养基中心,37 ℃培养24 h,观察抗生素药敏纸片周围有无抑菌圈并测定各自抑菌圈直径。
挑取经纯培养的指示菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌)单菌落,接种于无菌生理盐水,调节指示菌菌悬液浓度至1.0×108 CFU/mL(OD600 nm=1.0),利用纸片扩散法测定菌株的抑菌能力。取100 μL指示菌菌悬液均匀涂布于LB固体培养基上,待菌液吸收后,将空白药敏纸片放置于培养基表面。吸取15 μL菌悬液,缓慢滴入空白药敏纸片中央,37 ℃培养24 h,培养结束后测定抑菌圈直径。空白对照为:吸取15 μL无菌水缓慢滴入空白药敏片中央,其余条件同上。
参考陈童锦悦等[27]方法加以修改,进行菌株自凝聚能力测定。将活化后的菌液于4 ℃、6000 r/min离心10 min后收集菌体沉淀,用磷酸盐缓冲液充分洗涤2~3次,调节复溶后溶液OD600 nm达到0.4±0.05,测定此时菌液的OD600 nm为初始吸光度值记为A0。将复溶后的溶液于37 ℃下静置培养2、4、6和24 h后,分别测定其OD600 nm。自凝聚率按式(3)计算:
$ \mathrm{自凝聚率}(\text{%}) =\left( 1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{1}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}}\right) \times \mathrm{100}$
式中:A1为复溶后的溶液于37 ℃下静置培养2、4、6和24 h后的OD600 nm;A0为菌液初始的OD600 nm。
参考邱桂萍[28]方法加以修改,进行菌株表面疏水能力测定。将活化后的菌液于4 ℃、6000 r/min离心10 min后收集菌体沉淀,用磷酸盐缓冲液充分洗涤2~3次,调节复溶后溶液OD600 nm达到0.4±0.05,测定此时菌液的OD600 nm为初始吸光度值记为A0。吸取3 mL菌液于无菌试管中后与1 mL二甲苯或乙酸乙酯涡旋混合5 min后,将其置于室温静置30 min,待水相与有机相充分静置分层,形成稳定且界限清晰的界面后,吸取下层水相测定其OD600 nm。疏水性按式(4)计算:
$\mathrm{疏水性}(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}}\right) \times \mathrm{100} $
式中:A1为水相与有机相充分静置分层,形成稳定且界限清晰的界面后下层水相的OD600 nm;A0为菌液初始的OD600 nm。
参照李奥运[29]方法加以修改,测定优势菌株对Caco-2细胞黏附能力。将100 μL 1.0×108 CFU/mL(OD600 nm=1.0)的菌液与细胞汇合度在80%左右的Caco-2细胞共同孵育2 h后,用磷酸盐缓冲溶液充分洗涤2~3次,进而去除未黏附的细菌。使用0.25%胰酶消化细胞,将细胞悬液进行梯度稀释并涂布于平板,记录细胞数,计算优势菌株的粘附能力。菌株黏附能力按式(5)计算:
$ \mathrm{黏附能力}( {\text{CFU}}/{\text{cell}}) =\frac{{\text{C}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{0}}} $
式中:C1为黏附细菌数;C0为Caco-2细胞数。
每组试验重复3次,数据以平均值±标准差形式表达。采用SPSS21和Origin2024进行数据分析及绘图,组间差异采用Duncan多重比较检验,以P<0.05作为统计学显著性判定阈值,利用MEGA11构建系统发育树。
从魔芋种植土壤、软腐病的魔芋球茎及酿酒发酵体系中分离获得38株疑似KGM降解菌,经刚果红染色法初筛,其中18株能够产生透明水解圈。结果如表1所示,RF8、JQ4、JZ8等10株菌株的D/d值高于均值,表明上述10株菌株对KGM的降解能力优于其他菌株,初步证明其具备较强的KGM降解能力。进一步对上述10株菌株进行划线纯化,基于甘露糖标准曲线(y=0.7988x+0.0388,R2=0.9971),菌株酶活力结果如表2所示,RF8、JZ6、JZ8、JQ4及JZ1的酶活力明显高于平均水平,表明上述5株菌株催化KGM水解生成还原糖的效率更强。综合水解圈表型(表1)及酶活性(表2),RF8、JZ6、JZ8、JQ4和JZ1均兼具较强的KGM降解能力和较高的催化效率,其产β-甘露聚糖酶能力优于其他菌株。现有研究表明,枯草芽孢杆菌HKS018具有较强的β-甘露聚糖酶活性,其酶活力为38.36 U/mL,约为黑曲霉HKS016(2.67 U/mL)的14.4倍[30−31]。本研究筛选获得的RF8在β-甘露聚糖酶活性更为突出,其余4株菌株的酶活力均值也明显高于枯草芽孢杆菌HKS018,这说明本研究筛选获得的菌株在KGM降解能力上均具有显著优势。该优势可能与菌株的分离基质特性有关,从患软腐病魔芋球茎中分离的菌株因长期处于高浓度KGM环境而诱导β-甘露聚糖酶基因高效表达;而源于酿酒发酵体系的菌株经长期环境适应性进化,形成了更完备的KGM降解酶系统。
JZ1、JQ4、JZ6、JZ8和RF8菌株菌落形态如图1所示,5株菌株菌落呈现乳白色、不透明、形状近似圆形、表面干燥粗糙且边缘褶皱。经革兰氏染色后均为阳性菌株,结合《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》中对芽孢杆菌属的描述,初步判定这5株菌株均属于芽孢杆菌属。
益生菌能否在人体内发挥益生功效,关键在于其是否具备耐受胃液酸性环境及肠道胆盐环境的能力。因此,本研究对5株菌株进行耐酸与耐胆盐能力测定,结果如图2、图3所示。各菌株在酸性条件下均表现出一定存活率,但不同菌株间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。当pH为1.5时,所有菌株的存活率较低,而RF8具有较强的存活率15.11%±0.56%,显著优于其他菌株(P<0.05),且存活率高于KIM等[32]报道的鼠李糖乳杆菌;pH为2.5时,JQ4、JZ8和RF8的存活率均超28%,优于BU等[33]筛选的植物乳杆菌;pH为3.5时,除JZ1外,其他菌株存活率均≥46%;pH为4.5时,JZ8的存活率96.40%±0.33%,显著优于其余菌株(P<0.05)。在胆盐耐受性测定中,随着胆盐浓度的逐步上升,绝大多数菌株存活率呈下降趋势。但当胆盐浓度为0.3%时,RF8的存活率高达114.77%±0.21%。这种异常现象可能与菌株分泌的胞外多糖、胆盐水解酶介导的脱结合作用和外排泵蛋白的主动排盐机制有关[34]。现有研究已通过基因表达调控和功能验证,揭示芽孢杆菌属在0.3%胆盐胁迫下,可通过激活胆盐水解酶和ATP结合和转运蛋白等基因簇,实现抗性与代谢的协同优化[35]。
基于人体胃液pH范围、消化道食物留存时间以及肠道内胆盐浓度范围(0.03%~0.3%),本研究筛选获得的5株菌株均展现出较强的耐酸、耐胆盐性,但不同菌株之间存在差异。这一耐受性差异可能与原始生态环境的筛选压力相关。分离于酿酒体系的JZ8和JQ4,因长期处于酒曲发酵的酸性及化学压力环境下,促使其适应性进化并形成耐酸、耐胆盐代谢机制;JZ1虽同源于酿酒体系,但可能因在群落竞争中未能充分接触到高强度的酸性和化学压力,其耐受性较弱;分离于病态魔芋球茎的RF8,在植物病理状态下的复杂环境压力筛选中,进化出独特协同抗性调控网络,使其具备更为显著的耐酸、耐胆盐性能优势。
尽管耐酸耐胆盐实验通过模拟高酸和高胆盐条件对菌株耐受性进行评估,但实际人体胃肠环境更为复杂,胃蛋白酶与胰蛋白酶可通过分解微生物蛋白质结构,对菌株产生抑制甚至杀灭作用。因此,本研究对5株菌株进行耐受人工胃肠液能力测定,结果如图4所示。在pH为2的模拟胃液环境耐受3 h,除JZ1外,其余菌株的存活率均在80%以上,其中RF8的存活率高达96.57%±0.27%。在pH8的模拟肠液环境耐受6 h,除JZ1外,其余菌株的存活率均≥75%,RF8存活率达82.22±0.48%。研究表明,天然来源的多糖降解菌在人工肠液中的存活率普遍为60%[36]。因此,本试验筛选获得的JQ4、JZ6、JZ8和RF8对宿主体内的极端酸性环境、胆盐浓度以及消化酶具有良好的耐受能力,因此更易定植于宿主体内发挥益生性能。
从耐受性机制而言,益生菌在人工胃肠液中存活率低,主要原因是缺乏稳定细胞壁保护结构与高效酶解防御机制[37]。本研究中,4株菌株耐受性优异可能归因于其特殊来源环境塑造的独特抗性通路。分离自病态魔芋球茎的RF8,凭借植物防御系统产生的蛋白酶抑制剂等物质,为其提供了天然抗蛋白酶环境,使其在模拟肠液中能凭借细胞膜修饰等机制维持较高的存活率[38]。然而,人体胃肠道是动态复杂的微生态系统,尽管试验模拟了pH、胆盐及消化酶环境,但未考虑共生微生物及其代谢产物与消化酶间的协同或拮抗作用。后续可通过体内试验进一步验证,增强结论的可靠性。
溶血性评价是菌株安全性评估的核心指标之一,各菌株溶血类型如图5所示。结果显示,除JZ1与CK呈现β-溶血外,其余菌株均表现为γ-溶血。现有研究表明,芽孢杆菌属的溶血类型可能因携带的毒力基因不同而呈现多样性,如蜡样芽孢杆菌中含有编码溶血型肠毒素HBL的hblA、hblC和hblD等基因[39]。此外,复合型溶血素BL及cytK基因编码的CytK也是部分芽孢杆菌具有溶血性的原因,但具体溶血机制尚不明确。在本研究中,为确保筛选的微生物可安全地应用于食品加工领域,最终选择JQ4、JZ6、JZ8和RF8等4株非溶血性菌株作为后续研究的优势菌株。
成功从魔芋软腐病球茎及酿酒体系中筛选出4株KGM降解菌,4株KGM降解菌的系统发育树如图6所示。经比对及系统发育树分析显示,4株菌株与从GenBank数据库筛选出的7株相关菌株聚类后形成两个主要分支。其中较大分支包含两个中等分支:RF8与Bacillus licheniforms NR074923.1聚为一支,同源性达100.00%;JZ6和JZ8与Bacillus paralicheniforms KY694465.1聚为一支,同源性分别达99.72%和99.86%;JQ4则单独位于另一主要分支与Halotolerans sp ON911948.1聚为一支,同源性达99.64%。结合菌落形态和《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》,最终鉴定JQ4(PX218450)为嗜盐芽孢杆菌,JZ6(PX218451)和JZ8(PX218452)为副地衣芽孢杆菌,RF8(PX218453)为地衣芽孢杆菌。
系统发育树中同分支菌株常具高度序列同源性与代谢途径保守性,而不同分支菌株在KGM降解中可能通过差异化酶系统或作用机制实现功能趋同。副地衣芽孢杆菌JZ6、JZ8与地衣芽孢杆菌RF8虽同属芽孢杆菌属,但由于系统发育聚类差异导致β-甘露聚糖酶基因序列变异,加之分离生态位不同,可能使其在降解效率与产物特性上存在差异[40–41]。此外,嗜盐芽孢杆菌JQ4因属于另一分支,可能具备独特的降解酶系统或调控机制,其嗜盐特性亦可能使其在高盐环境中具备稳定降解KGM的能力。
尽管多数菌株不具致病性,但它们仍可能成为抗生素耐药基因的储存库。因此,测定微生物的抗生素敏感性是评估微生物安全性的重要部分。本研究以药敏片扩散法为基础,依据临床与实验室标准协会修订标准,对4株KGM降解菌的抗生素敏感性进行测定与评估,结果如表3所示。4株KGM降解菌均对四环素、链霉素、氯霉素、新霉素、诺氟沙星、庆大霉素及环丙沙星表现出敏感性,表明4株KGM降解菌在耐药性方面具有较好的安全性,符合益生菌标准。值得注意的是,4株菌株均对克林霉素不敏感,这可能是由于克林霉素自身抗生素抑菌谱相对较窄所导致的结果[42]。
4株KGM降解菌对3种指示菌的抑菌能力如表4所示。结果表明,4株菌株对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌均具有一定的抑菌能力。其中,RF8的抑菌圈直径显著大于其他菌株(P<0.05),展现出最强的抑菌能力。从抑菌物质分泌角度分析,不同微生物对病原菌拮抗能力的差异,可能与有机酸、多糖及多肽等代谢产物有关[43],故推测RF8可能通过分泌类似活性物质发挥抑菌作用。此外,菌株的分离环境也可能影响其抑菌能力,RF8长期处于复杂病原菌环境,这种生存压力或促使其进化出更强的抑菌机制。
自聚集性作为评估微生物黏附特性的核心指标,其数值与微生物在胃肠道的定植及黏附效能呈正相关[36]。如图7所示,2~6 h内4株KGM降解菌的自凝聚性呈快速上升趋势,其中RF8自凝聚能力最强,达85.60%±0.19%。随着静置时间延长,各菌株自凝聚性增速放缓并趋于平稳增长,且各菌株间差异逐渐减小,但RF8的自聚集性在24 h后仍处于较高水平。RF8的高自凝聚性可能与其携带的黏附素基因及逆境适应基因有关,这些基因介导细菌自凝聚并与肠道上皮细胞受体结合,通过增加黏附位点和滞留时间强化肠道黏附能力[44]。鉴于食物在人体肠道内的滞留时长约为6~8 h[26],4株KGM降解菌均可黏附于宿主胃肠道,其中RF8在前6 h能更快、更好地黏附于肠道上皮细胞表面,更有利于发挥其益生功效。
测定菌株表面疏水性对于评估其在肠道环境中的生存与定植能力、构建有效益生菌群至关重要。根据疏水性分级标准,4株KGM降解菌表面疏水能力如图8所示[38]。4株KGM降解菌均表现出不同程度的疏水性,其中RF8对正己烷和乙酸乙酯、JZ6对乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷呈现高度疏水性,JQ4对二氯甲烷、JZ8对正己烷则表现为中度疏水性。4株KGM降解菌的表面疏水性均优于文献[45]筛选获得的枯草芽孢杆菌ZG029。这种差异可能与菌株来源、表面特性及遗传适应性密切相关。枯草芽孢杆菌ZG029的黏附特性可能更适应昆虫肠道的理化环境,而本研究菌株来源于复杂多糖基质中,可能诱导其表面蛋白或胞外多糖的高效表达,从而增强了对哺乳动物肠道黏液层的适应性。因此,4株KGM降解菌均具有黏附肠道上皮细胞的能力,其中JZ6和RF8更容易在宿主体内定植黏附。
Caco-2细胞在体外培养时可分化为具有小肠上皮特征的极性单层,是研究细菌-上皮细胞互作的理想模型。4株KGM降解菌对Caco-2细胞黏附能力如图9所示。4株KGM降解菌均展现出显著的Caco-2细胞黏附能力,RF8黏附能力最强(362.76±4.31 CFU/cell),显著高于其他菌株(P<0.05);JZ6(329.40±1.76 CFU/cell)和JZ8(318.72±2.58 CFU/cell)次之;JQ4(292.49±5.61 CFU/cell)黏附能力相对较弱但仍具有黏附能力。其中RF8对Caco-2细胞的黏附能力均优于金正雨[46]分离的地衣芽孢杆菌Y2和HSU[47]报道的地衣芽孢杆菌CK1,这可能与不同菌株中S层蛋白的高表达量有关[48]。在本研究中,病态环境可能通过筛选压力或信号诱导增强RF8的S层蛋白表达量及结构优化,而作为细菌表面功能性结构蛋白的S层蛋白可通过拓扑结构与宿主肠道上皮细胞特异性受体互作,其表达量差异会直接影响黏附效率[49]。因此,4株KGM降解菌均对Caco-2细胞具有良好的黏附能力,其中RF8对Caco-2细胞具有更强的黏附能力,可在肠道内形成稳定的微生物群落,构建肠道免疫屏障。
本研究从魔芋种植土壤、软腐病球茎及酿酒发酵体系中筛选出5株具KGM降解能力的芽孢杆菌,经耐酸耐胆盐、耐人工胃肠液及溶血性试验,最后获得4株性能优良菌株。通过16S rDNA序列分析及系统发育树构建,鉴定JQ4为嗜盐芽孢杆菌,JZ6和JZ8为副地衣芽孢杆菌,RF8为地衣芽孢杆菌。4株菌均具良好抑菌特性与抗生素敏感性,可初步判定为符合益生菌标准的安全菌株。其定植肠道潜力研究显示,4株菌黏附能力较强,其中RF8自凝聚能力6 h达85.60%±0.19%;对正己烷和乙酸乙酯、JZ6对乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷呈高度疏水性;对Caco-2细胞黏附能力达362.76±4.31 CFU/cell,显著优于其他菌株(P<0.05)。因此,本研究筛选的4株KGM降解菌均具有益生菌应用潜力,其中RF8具有更强的益生菌潜力。后续可通过动物模型实验和临床验证,系统探究这些菌株在宿主体内的定植效率、益生功能及生物安全性。此外,本研究聚焦KGM降解菌的潜在益生特性,并未进一步研究这4株KGM降解菌对KGM降解效率的影响,后续可通过TLC与HPLC-MS技术,针对KGM降解菌的降解效率及产物进行系统分析,深入探究降解机制,为其功能性食品产业化应用提供更坚实的科学依据。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050279
  • 接收时间:2025-05-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-28
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    1河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038
    2河北省药品医疗器械检验研究院,河北石家庄 050299

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郝光飞(1982−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品资源开发与综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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