Article(id=1320175820296012361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070067, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751904000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684043239, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684043239, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684043239, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684043239, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=266, endPage=275, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320175821587857995, articleId=1320175820296012361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Synergistic Effects of Plasma Pretreatment and High-voltage Electrostatic Field on Capsanthin Extraction Efficiency, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To achieve efficient extraction of paprika red pigment, this study utilized dried peppers of Xinjiang ‘Hong long 23’ as the raw material and employed response surface methodology (RSM) combined with random centroid optimization (RCO) to optimize the extraction process using atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) pre-treatment coupled with a high-voltage electric field (HEF). The extraction yield and color value of paprika red pigment were used as evaluation indicators. To investigate the mechanisms behind efficiency improvements, different extraction techniques (conventional solvent extraction, CK, atmospheric pressure plasma jet, APPJ, pulsed electric field, HEF, and a combined APPJ+HEF approach) were applied to recover red pigments from paprika. The extracted pigment content was measured via High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact angle analysis were employed to examine microstructural changes and surface hydrophilicity of the treated biomass, respectively. The optimal extraction process for paprika red pigment using the combined APPJ+HEF approach was determined as follows: Plasma pretreatment voltage of 3.5 kV, jet duration of 20 s, jet distance of 5.5 cm, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL), electric field intensity of 20 kV, and treatment time of 2 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of paprika red pigment reached 38.77%, with a color value of 187.23, representing increases of 70.93% and 87.49%, respectively, compared to the control (CK) group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the pigment content in the APPJ+HEF-treated group was significantly higher than that in the CK, HEF, and APPJ alone groups (P<0.05). SEM and contact angle analysis revealed that the APPJ+HEF treatment resulted in the most severe disruption of the cell wall and the highest hydrophilicity, indicating that the extraction efficiency of paprika red pigment is closely related to the degree of cellular structure destruction. This study provides new technical support for the green and efficient extraction and application of paprika red pigment and other bioactive components.

, authors=Mihereban·Saiwaidoula1, Chengzhuang LÜ1, Jian ZHANG2, Mingqiang XU2, Yan MA2, *, Zhongkai ZHAO1, *, authorsList=Mihereban·Saiwaidoula, Chengzhuang LÜ, Jian ZHANG, Mingqiang XU, Yan MA, Zhongkai ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan MA, Zhongkai ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320175826079957602, articleId=1320175820296012361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=等离子体预处理协同高压静电场对辣椒红色素提取效果的影响, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为高效提取辣椒红色素,本研究以新疆‘红龙23’干椒为原料,采用响应面方法(Response surface methodology,RSM)结合随机质心映射法(Random centroid optimization,RCO)优化等离子体预处理(Atmospheric pressure plasma jet,APPJ)协同高压静电场(High-voltage electric field,HEF)提取工艺。以辣椒红色素提取率和色价为评价指标,考察不同提取方法(传统溶剂法CK、APPJ、HEF及APPJ+HEF)对辣椒红色素提取效果的影响,并应用高效液相法(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定辣椒红色素含量,进一步利用扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和水接触角测定仪分析辣椒残渣的微观结构及亲水性变化。结果表明,APPJ+HEF提取辣椒红色素的最优工艺为:等离子体预处理电压3.5 kV、喷射时间20 s、喷射距离5.5 cm,料液比1:20(g/mL),电场强度20 kV,处理时间2 min,在此条件下,辣椒红色素提取率为38.77%、色价为187.23,较CK组分别提高了72.90%和73.77%(P<0.05);APPJ+HEF组辣椒红色素含量显著高于CK组、HEF组和APPJ组(P<0.05);APPJ+HEF处理后的辣椒残渣细胞壁破坏程度最大、亲水性最高,说明辣椒红色素提取效果与辣椒细胞结构破坏程度有关。本研究为辣椒红色素及活性成分绿色高效提取与应用提供了新的技术支撑。

, authors=米合热班·赛外都拉1, 吕成壮1, 张健2, 许铭强2, 马燕2, *, 赵仲凯1, *, authorsList=米合热班·赛外都拉, 吕成壮, 张健, 许铭强, 马燕, 赵仲凯, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马燕, 赵仲凯, authorNote=

米合热班·赛外都拉(1997−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
马燕(1984−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
赵仲凯(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品加工与利用,食品功能与营养,蛋白质与油脂化学,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SYQ556rsG3VY2cr3R0KT6Q==, magXml=gF/KhMauEFc7oAVXZO78Ww==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WDYoNa2sUCMQG0dTIH8usQ==, pdfFileSize=2852292, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=gIo2G0j624dfsx47kPxUCQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=P/JVpxzjFEZamzhXzDWIZg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320175827078201962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175820296012361, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2417226934@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320175827329860204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175820296012361, authorId=1320175827078201962, language=EN, stringName=Mihereban·Saiwaidoula, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College (Institute) of Smart Agriculture, Xinjiang University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830017, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320175827392774765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175820296012361, authorId=1320175827078201962, language=CN, stringName=米合热班·赛外都拉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1新疆大学智慧农业学院(研究院)/新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017, bio={"content":"

米合热班·赛外都拉(1997−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

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注:图中不同小写字母表示各组间在P<0.05水平上存在显著性,图2、图3、图6、图8、图10同。

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Weight determined by entropy method

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项目信息熵值e信息效用值d权重系数w(%)
提取率0.92320.076850.0000
色价0.92320.076850.0000
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熵值法权重结果

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项目信息熵值e信息效用值d权重系数w(%)
提取率0.92320.076850.0000
色价0.92320.076850.0000
), ArticleFig(id=1320175835873657515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175820296012361, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of AHP hierarchical analysis

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项目特征向量权重值(%)最大特征值CI值
提取率15020
色价150
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AHP层次分析结果

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项目特征向量权重值(%)最大特征值CI值
提取率15020
色价150
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Factors and levels in the Box-Behnken design

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水平因素
A电压(kV)B喷射距离(cm)C喷射时间(s)
−13.005.0015
03.505.5020
14.006.0025
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Box-Behnken 试验设计因素水平

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水平因素
A电压(kV)B喷射距离(cm)C喷射时间(s)
−13.005.0015
03.505.5020
14.006.0025
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Upper and lower bounds of factors to be optimized in random centroid mapping test

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循环次数待优化因子料液比
(g/mL)
电场强度
(kV)
电场处理时间
(min)
第一轮因子上限1:105.01.0
因子下限1:4035.03.0
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随机质心映射试验待优化因子上下限范围

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循环次数待优化因子料液比
(g/mL)
电场强度
(kV)
电场处理时间
(min)
第一轮因子上限1:105.01.0
因子下限1:4035.03.0
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Response surface experimental design and results

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试验号A电压
(kV)
B喷射
距离
(cm)
C喷射
时间
(s)
提取率
(%)
色价综合评分
13.0052031.23±0.12167.00±0.8299.12±0.39
24.0052030.23±0.12163.00±1.6396.62±0.88
33.0062032.53±0.25166.33±1.6399.43±0.83
44.0062030.70±0.16165.67±0.9498.18±0.40
53.005.51531.43±0.25159.00±3.2795.22±1.55
64.005.51530.33±0.21158.00±0.8294.17±0.36
73.005.52530.23±0.12167.00±0.8298.62±0.39
84.005.52532.23±0.12164.67±0.8298.62±0.39
93.5051533.77±0.12176.00±1.63104.88±0.88
103.5061533.43±0.25168.67±1.25101.05±0.57
113.5052533.77±0.12169.00±0.82101.38±0.47
123.5062534.30±0.22173.33±2.05103.82±0.96
133.505.52035.20±0.14176.00±1.63105.60±0.76
143.505.52035.46±0.25173.33±2.63104.40±1.28
153.505.52035.46±0.25173.33±2.63104.40±1.28
163.505.52034.73±012177.33±1.70106.03±0.91
173.505.52033.43±0.31176.00±3.00104.71±1.65
), ArticleFig(id=1320175836477637298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175820296012361, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

响应面试验设计与结果

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试验号A电压
(kV)
B喷射
距离
(cm)
C喷射
时间
(s)
提取率
(%)
色价综合评分
13.0052031.23±0.12167.00±0.8299.12±0.39
24.0052030.23±0.12163.00±1.6396.62±0.88
33.0062032.53±0.25166.33±1.6399.43±0.83
44.0062030.70±0.16165.67±0.9498.18±0.40
53.005.51531.43±0.25159.00±3.2795.22±1.55
64.005.51530.33±0.21158.00±0.8294.17±0.36
73.005.52530.23±0.12167.00±0.8298.62±0.39
84.005.52532.23±0.12164.67±0.8298.62±0.39
93.5051533.77±0.12176.00±1.63104.88±0.88
103.5061533.43±0.25168.67±1.25101.05±0.57
113.5052533.77±0.12169.00±0.82101.38±0.47
123.5062534.30±0.22173.33±2.05103.82±0.96
133.505.52035.20±0.14176.00±1.63105.60±0.76
143.505.52035.46±0.25173.33±2.63104.40±1.28
153.505.52035.46±0.25173.33±2.63104.40±1.28
163.505.52034.73±012177.33±1.70106.03±0.91
173.505.52033.43±0.31176.00±3.00104.71±1.65
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Response surface model analysis of variance results

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回归方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
回归模型1015.779112.8623.690.0002**
A36.98136.987.760.0271**
B75.95175.9515.950.0052**
C49.25149.2510.340.0147**
AB14.82114.823.110.1211
AC155115532.540.0007**
BC0.140610.14060.02950.8684
A²130.921130.9227.490.0012**
B²68.68168.6814.420.0067**
C²424.321424.3289.08<0.0001**
残差33.3474.76
失拟性9.5833.190.53720.6815
纯误差23.7745.94
总误差1049.1116
R2=0.9682R2Adj=0.9274R2pre=0.8186
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响应面模型方差分析结果

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回归方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
回归模型1015.779112.8623.690.0002**
A36.98136.987.760.0271**
B75.95175.9515.950.0052**
C49.25149.2510.340.0147**
AB14.82114.823.110.1211
AC155115532.540.0007**
BC0.140610.14060.02950.8684
A²130.921130.9227.490.0012**
B²68.68168.6814.420.0067**
C²424.321424.3289.08<0.0001**
残差33.3474.76
失拟性9.5833.190.53720.6815
纯误差23.7745.94
总误差1049.1116
R2=0.9682R2Adj=0.9274R2pre=0.8186
), ArticleFig(id=1320175836704129717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175820296012361, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

First round Random centroid mapping optimization test group

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循环次数编号料液比
(g/mL)
电场强度
(kV)
处理时间
(min)
提取率
(%)
色价综合评分
第一轮循环
随机搜索设计
1216135.23171.00103.12
2138336.23178.00107.12
33523237.22180.33108.78
42116236.70178.67107.69
53415337.43179.00108.22
61111237.33180.00108.67
72022234.23177.00105.62
83920335.23175.67105.45
91933136.77181.45109.11
质心搜索102924237.83183.32110.58
112222237.99183.01110.50
122120237.77187.23112.50
), ArticleFig(id=1320175836788015798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175820296012361, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

第一轮随机质心映射优化试验组

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
循环次数编号料液比
(g/mL)
电场强度
(kV)
处理时间
(min)
提取率
(%)
色价综合评分
第一轮循环
随机搜索设计
1216135.23171.00103.12
2138336.23178.00107.12
33523237.22180.33108.78
42116236.70178.67107.69
53415337.43179.00108.22
61111237.33180.00108.67
72022234.23177.00105.62
83920335.23175.67105.45
91933136.77181.45109.11
质心搜索102924237.83183.32110.58
112222237.99183.01110.50
122120237.77187.23112.50
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等离子体预处理协同高压静电场对辣椒红色素提取效果的影响
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米合热班·赛外都拉 1 , 吕成壮 1 , 张健 2 , 许铭强 2 , 马燕 2, * , 赵仲凯 1, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(12): 266-275
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (12) : 266 -275
等离子体预处理协同高压静电场对辣椒红色素提取效果的影响
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米合热班·赛外都拉(1997−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

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米合热班·赛外都拉1 , 吕成壮1, 张健2, 许铭强2, 马燕2, * , 赵仲凯1, *
作者信息
  • 1新疆大学智慧农业学院(研究院)/新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017
  • 2新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所/新疆主要农副产品精深加工工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
通讯作者:
马燕(1984−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
赵仲凯(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品加工与利用,食品功能与营养,蛋白质与油脂化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

米合热班·赛外都拉(1997−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

Synergistic Effects of Plasma Pretreatment and High-voltage Electrostatic Field on Capsanthin Extraction Efficiency
Mihereban·Saiwaidoula1 , Chengzhuang LÜ1, Jian ZHANG2, Mingqiang XU2, Yan MA2, * , Zhongkai ZHAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College (Institute) of Smart Agriculture, Xinjiang University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830017, China
  • 2Institute of Agro-products Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Major Agricultural Byproducts, Urumqi 830091, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070067
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为高效提取辣椒红色素,本研究以新疆‘红龙23’干椒为原料,采用响应面方法(Response surface methodology,RSM)结合随机质心映射法(Random centroid optimization,RCO)优化等离子体预处理(Atmospheric pressure plasma jet,APPJ)协同高压静电场(High-voltage electric field,HEF)提取工艺。以辣椒红色素提取率和色价为评价指标,考察不同提取方法(传统溶剂法CK、APPJ、HEF及APPJ+HEF)对辣椒红色素提取效果的影响,并应用高效液相法(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定辣椒红色素含量,进一步利用扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和水接触角测定仪分析辣椒残渣的微观结构及亲水性变化。结果表明,APPJ+HEF提取辣椒红色素的最优工艺为:等离子体预处理电压3.5 kV、喷射时间20 s、喷射距离5.5 cm,料液比1:20(g/mL),电场强度20 kV,处理时间2 min,在此条件下,辣椒红色素提取率为38.77%、色价为187.23,较CK组分别提高了72.90%和73.77%(P<0.05);APPJ+HEF组辣椒红色素含量显著高于CK组、HEF组和APPJ组(P<0.05);APPJ+HEF处理后的辣椒残渣细胞壁破坏程度最大、亲水性最高,说明辣椒红色素提取效果与辣椒细胞结构破坏程度有关。本研究为辣椒红色素及活性成分绿色高效提取与应用提供了新的技术支撑。

辣椒红色素  /  常压射流等离子体  /  高压静电场  /  协同  /  高效提取

To achieve efficient extraction of paprika red pigment, this study utilized dried peppers of Xinjiang ‘Hong long 23’ as the raw material and employed response surface methodology (RSM) combined with random centroid optimization (RCO) to optimize the extraction process using atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) pre-treatment coupled with a high-voltage electric field (HEF). The extraction yield and color value of paprika red pigment were used as evaluation indicators. To investigate the mechanisms behind efficiency improvements, different extraction techniques (conventional solvent extraction, CK, atmospheric pressure plasma jet, APPJ, pulsed electric field, HEF, and a combined APPJ+HEF approach) were applied to recover red pigments from paprika. The extracted pigment content was measured via High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact angle analysis were employed to examine microstructural changes and surface hydrophilicity of the treated biomass, respectively. The optimal extraction process for paprika red pigment using the combined APPJ+HEF approach was determined as follows: Plasma pretreatment voltage of 3.5 kV, jet duration of 20 s, jet distance of 5.5 cm, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL), electric field intensity of 20 kV, and treatment time of 2 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of paprika red pigment reached 38.77%, with a color value of 187.23, representing increases of 70.93% and 87.49%, respectively, compared to the control (CK) group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the pigment content in the APPJ+HEF-treated group was significantly higher than that in the CK, HEF, and APPJ alone groups (P<0.05). SEM and contact angle analysis revealed that the APPJ+HEF treatment resulted in the most severe disruption of the cell wall and the highest hydrophilicity, indicating that the extraction efficiency of paprika red pigment is closely related to the degree of cellular structure destruction. This study provides new technical support for the green and efficient extraction and application of paprika red pigment and other bioactive components.

paprika red pigment  /  atmospheric pressure plasma jet  /  high-voltage electric field  /  synergistic effect  /  efficient extraction
米合热班·赛外都拉, 吕成壮, 张健, 许铭强, 马燕, 赵仲凯. 等离子体预处理协同高压静电场对辣椒红色素提取效果的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 266 -275 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070067
Mihereban·Saiwaidoula, Chengzhuang LÜ, Jian ZHANG, Mingqiang XU, Yan MA, Zhongkai ZHAO. Synergistic Effects of Plasma Pretreatment and High-voltage Electrostatic Field on Capsanthin Extraction Efficiency[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 266 -275 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070067
辣椒红色素,又名辣椒红,属类胡萝卜素[1],占辣椒果皮的0.2%~0.5%[2],辣椒红色素具有安全、无毒、无副作用等优点,可直接用于改善食品色泽和感官特性,具有较高的市场价值,也是天然色素的研究热点。目前辣椒红色素提取以油溶提取和有机溶剂提取等传统提取方法为主,但普遍存在提取效率低、色价低等缺点。为解决以上难题,现有超声波辅助提取[3]、微波辅助提取[4]、超临界二氧化碳萃取[5]和超高压辅助提取[6]等新型提取方法也已应用于辣椒红色素提取。现辣椒红色素提取多集中于对单一提取方法的研究,但对辣椒红色素协同提取方面的研究仍较少。Pang等[7]采用超声协同微波提取辣椒红色素可使其色价高达147,表明多种物理场协同处理是提升辣椒红色素提取效果的有效手段之一。因此,探寻高效的辣椒红色素协同提取技术对红色素加工产业高质量发展十分必要。
常压射流等离子体(Atmospheric pressure plasma jet,APPJ)作为食品工业领域的新型非热预处理技术[8],其诱导的刻蚀效应对植物活性成分提取具有显著增效作用。Bao等[8]采用等离子体预处理结合有机溶剂法提取酚类化合物,其提取率较单一传统提取方法提高10.90%~22.80%;徐小燕等[9]利用该技术提取紫玉米芯花青素,提取量达4.05 mg/g,较溶剂法和超声法分别提高49.45%和28.98%。研究表明,高压静电场(High-voltage electric field,HEF)可显著提高多酚等活性成分的提取效果,如Rajha等[10]将其应用于石榴皮总酚提取,提取率较水提法和超声法分别提高8.10倍和2.10倍;Parniakov等[11]采用HEF辅助提取木瓜渣多酚的提取率达20 mg/L,显著高于传统浸提与脉冲电场法。由此可见,等离子体预处理技术与高压静电场提取技术均能有效提升目标化合物的提取效率,并显著缩短提取时间。而将等离子体协同高压静电场提取技术应用于天然产物提取的研究仍较为匮乏,尤其是等离子体预处理与高压静电场协同效应对辣椒红色素提取的影响尚不明确,且在提取效率、色价提升等方面的潜力缺乏系统研究,从而制约了该协同技术在天然色素绿色高效提取领域的深入开发与产业化应用。
因此,本研究以新疆高色素辣椒品种‘红龙23’干椒为原料,采用响应面方法(Response surface methodology,RSM)结合随机质心映射法(Random centroid optimization,RCO)优化等离子体预处理(电压、喷射距离、喷射时间)协同高压静电场(料液比、电场强度、电场处理时间)提取最佳工艺条件;应用化学分析法结合高效液相色谱法(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)对比分析不同提取方法对辣椒红色素提取率、色价和辣椒红色素含量的影响,并运用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、水接触角测定仪等分析手段对不同提取条件下辣椒残渣的微观结构和表面润湿性进行表征分析。研究为辣椒红色素的高效提取及应用提供理论参考依据。
‘红龙23’干辣椒 由新疆天椒红安种业科技股份有限公司提供;无水乙醇、丙酮 均为分析纯,乙腈、丙酮 色谱纯,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;辣椒红色素标准品(纯度98%) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
PG-1000ZF型射流低温等离子体表面处理系统 南京苏曼等离子科技有限公司;EMFI-T1型食品磁电耦合处理系统 南京苏曼等离子科技有限公司;JSMIT-800型扫描电子显微镜 日本电子JEOL产品;DSA255型水接触角测量仪 德国KRUSS公司;UV-6100S型紫外可见分光光度计 上海元析仪器有限公司;Agilent1260高效液相色谱仪-紫外检测器 安捷伦科技有限公司;RE-52AA型旋转蒸发器 上海亚荣生化仪器厂;GZX-9246MBE型电热鼓风干燥箱 上海博迅实业有限公司;CP214型电子天平 奥豪斯仪器(常州)有限公司;FW-100型高速万能粉碎机 北京市永光明医疗仪器有限公司。
将去蒂,去籽后的干椒置于等离子体处理机工作区域内,当氦气工作压力达到预定值后,开启射频电源,并调节其输出电压以及样品与等离子体喷射口之间的喷射距离,待设定的处理时间结束后,将等离子体预处理的辣椒采用转速24000 r/min的粉碎机粉碎60 s,并过40目筛得到辣椒粉,再精确称量1.00 g辣椒粉,按照1:15(g/mL)的料液比加入15 mL无水乙醇,装入真空包装袋,封口后进行高压静电场提取。调节电场强度20 kV、时间3 min,将提取的混合液在4 ℃、4500 r/min的低温高速离心机中离心5 min。离心后的上清液转移至平底烧瓶,减压蒸馏回收溶剂,原瓶烘至恒重,得辣椒红色素粗品,计算其得率。同时,将恒重后的辣椒红色素粗品溶于丙酮,定容至50 mL容量瓶,取0.06 mL,定容至10 mL容量瓶,测定吸光度值,计算色价E[9]。
基于SPSS AU数据分析平台,综合运用熵值法的客观数据驱动优势与AHP层次分析法的主观经验判断特性,对辣椒红色素提取工艺中的核心指标:提取率及色价,开展系统性权重分析。通过量化两项指标在不同提取条件下的信息贡献度与相对重要性,融合两种方法所得权重比,构建科学的综合评价模型,最终得出能够全面反映辣椒红色素提取效果的综合评分(综合评分=提取率×50%+色价×50%),为工艺优化与质量评估提供精准的数据支撑(表1、表2)。
通过调节电压(3.00、3.50、4.00、4.50、5.00 kV),喷射距离(4.50、5.00、5.50、6.00、6.50 cm),喷射时间(10.00、15.00、20.00、25.00、30.00 s)三个因素,其中一个因素为变量时,其他条件固定不变(电压:3.5 kV,喷射距离5.5 cm,喷射时间:20 s),考察对辣椒红色素提取率及色价的影响。
基于单因素实验,以综合评分(综合评分=提取率×50%+色价×50%)为响应值,以电压(A)、喷射距离(B)、喷射时间(C)三个变量,采用Box-Behnken设计三因素三水平试验,表3为试验设计因素水平。
将辣椒皮在等离子体预处理电压3.50 kV、喷射距离5.50 cm,喷射时间20 s的条件下,经转速24000 r/min的粉碎机粉碎60 s、过40目筛得到辣椒粉,再精确称量1.00 g辣椒粉,按照1:10(g/mL)的料液比加入10 mL无水乙醇进行真空包装并进行高压静电场提取,设置电场强度为29 kV,电场处理时间为2 min。将提取的混合液在4 ℃、4500 r/min的条件下离心4 min,离心后的上清液转移至平底烧瓶,减压蒸馏回收溶剂,原瓶烘至恒重,得到辣椒红色素粗品,计算其得率。同时,将恒重后的辣椒红色素粗品溶于丙酮,定容至50 mL容量瓶,取0.06 mL,定容至10 mL容量瓶,测定吸光度值,计算色价E[9]。
随机质心映射法(Random centroid optimization,RCO)由随机搜索、质心搜索和映射组成一个搜索循环。与常用的响应面方法和正交试验设计相比,RCO具有试验次数少、优化参数更准确等优点,在优化过程中得到了广泛应用,其主要依据映射条件优化图中各组结果的分散或聚集程度进行判断[12]。
本文考察了料液比(g/mL)、电场强度(kV)、电场处理时间(min)三个主要因素、对辣椒红色素综合评分(综合评分=提取率×50%+色价×50%)的影响。待优化因子的上下限范围如表4所示。
辣椒红色素标准溶液(辣椒红色素标准品纯度为98%)的配制:精密称取10 mg的辣椒红色素标准品,用无水乙醇定容至10.0 mL容量瓶中,配成浓度为1 mg/mL的标准品母液,并将辣椒红色素标准品母液分别稀释至3、10、20、30、40、100 μg/mL,在460 nm处测量各溶液的吸光度值(无水乙醇为空白对照),绘制标准曲线。该标准曲线中质量浓度与吸光度的关系式为:Y=0.0119x+0.0813(R2=0.9992)。
参考邵萍萍[10]的方法计算辣椒红色素的提取率。
$ {辣椒红色素提取率(\text{%})}=\frac{\text{C×V}}{\text{M}}\text{×100} $
式中:C表示辣椒红色素的质量浓度,μg/mL(根据1.2.3.1中标准曲线计算得出);V表示提取溶液的总体积,mL;M表示提取时所用的干辣椒质量,mg。
参照GB 1886.34-2015《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂 辣椒红》[11]进行色价测定和计算。准确称取辣椒红色素的粗提物0.50 g,用丙酮稀释于100 mL容量瓶中,再精确吸取稀溶液10 mL,稀释至100 mL,用分光光度计在460 nm波长处,用丙酮作参比液,于1 cm比色皿用中测定其吸光度。使用公式(2)计算($ \mathrm{{\mathrm{E}}}_{1\ \mathrm{cm}}^{1\text{%}} $为被测样品1%,1 cm比色皿,在460 nm处的吸光度值,即辣椒红色素的色价)。
$ {{\mathrm{E}}}_{\text{1 cm}}^{\text{1\%}}\text=\frac{\text{A×f}}{\text{m×100}} $
式中:A表示为辣椒红色素粗提取物实际测量的吸光度值;$ \text{f} $表示为辣椒红色素粗提取物的稀释倍数;m表示为试样质量,g;100表示为换算系数。
将干椒去蒂去籽,采用转速24000 r/min的粉碎机粉碎60 s、过40目筛得到辣椒粉,再精确称量1.00 g辣椒粉,按1:10(g/mL)的料液比加入10 mL无水乙醇,60 ℃水浴锅中热浸提30 min,将提取的混合液在4 ℃、4500 r/min的低温高速离心机中离心5 min。离心后的上清液转移至平底烧瓶,减压蒸馏回收溶剂,原瓶挥发至恒重,得辣椒红色素粗品,计算得率。将恒重后的辣椒红色素粗品溶于丙酮,定容至50 mL容量瓶,取0.06 mL,定容至10 mL容量瓶,测定吸光度值,计算色价E。
采用1.2.5.1的前处理方法,精确称量1.00 g辣椒粉,按1:20(g/mL)料液比加入20 mL无水乙醇进行真空包装并封口,并在电场强度29 kV下处理2 min,将提取液离心、减压蒸馏后的得到辣椒红色素粗品并测定其色价,后续步骤同1.2.5.1。
将去蒂、去籽干椒置于等离子体处理设备中,调节氦气工作压力后开启射频电源,设置输出电压3.5 kV,喷射距离5.5 cm,处理20 s。将预处理后样品按1.2.5.1方法粉碎过筛,精确称量1.00 g辣椒粉,按1:15(g/mL)料液比加入15 mL无水乙醇,装入真空袋并封口。在电场强度25 kV下处理3 min,提取液于4 ℃、4500 r/min离心5 min,后续步骤同1.2.5.1。
将去蒂去籽干椒进行等离子体预处理,条件同1.2.5.3。预处理后样品按1.2.5.1方法粉碎过筛,精确称量1.00 g辣椒粉,按1:20(g/mL) 料液比加入20 mL无水乙醇,装入真空袋并封口。在电场强度29 kV下处理2 min,提取液于4 ℃、4500 r/min离心4 min,后续步骤同1.2.5.1。
参考Yang等[13]的方法并稍作修改。色谱条件:色谱柱:Agilent Eclipse Plus C18(5 μm,150 mm×4.6 mm),流动相A和B分别为丙酮和水,洗脱梯度条件为0~3 min,80% A、20% B;3~6 min,80%~90% A、20%~10% B;6~8 min,90%~100% A、10%~0% B;8~17 min,100%~80% A、0%~20% B;17~20 min,80% A、20% B。流速:1 mL/min,进样量:20 μL,柱温:30 ℃,检测波长(紫外):474 nm进样测定,每个样品重复测定三次,并计算样品中辣椒红色素的含量。
精密称取5.0 mg的辣椒红色素标准品,用流动相溶解定容至5.0 mL容量瓶中,配成浓度为1.0 mg/mL的标准储备液。准确移取标准储备液30、60、100、150、150 μL于10.0 mL容量瓶,并用流动相定容,配制成浓度分别为3.00、6.00、10.0、15.0、30.0 μg/mL的标准溶液。在选定色谱条件下,以进样浓度为横坐标,峰面积为纵坐标,绘制标准。辣椒红素标准溶液质量浓度与峰面积的线性回归方程分别为y=6.6795x+3.122(R2=0.9996)。
将不同预提取条件提取的辣椒红色素色按上述的色谱条件进行测定,每个样品重复测定三次,并计算每个样品中辣椒红色素的浓度。
$ \mathrm{辣椒红色素含量(mg\ a.i./L)=(C\times V\times D)/M} $
式中:C表示为辣椒红色素浓度(mg a.i./kg);V表示为样品定容体积(L);D表示为样品稀释倍数;M表示为样品原始质量(kg)。
将辣椒红色素提取后的剩余残渣经冷冻干燥处理后,利用扫描电子显微镜对其微观形貌特征进行表征。
参考Li等[14]的方法并稍作修改。将辣椒残渣粉末平放在载玻片上,再加入去离子水(3 μL)测定水接触角。
所有实验重复三次,取平均值,结果以平均值±标准方差表示。采用Excel 2010软件进行数据分析,SPSS 27.0对单因素实验结果进行单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),并结合Duncan多重比较检验在显著性水平P<0.05下进行组间差异显著性评价。响应面试验设计及模型分析通过Design-Expert 11完成,采用Origin Pro 2025软件进行绘图。
由图1可知,当电压在3.0~5.0 kV范围内,辣椒红色素的提取率与色价随电压升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在3.5 kV时达到最高值,提取率为33.85%±0.19%,色价为171.40±0.35。这可能是由于一定电压的增加可加速细胞结构破裂提高其提取能力。当电压高于3.5 kV,辣椒红色素的提取率及色价急剧下降,这是由于能量水平过高的等离子体在破坏细胞壁结构的同时,也会破坏部分溶出的辣椒红色素结构,从而导致辣椒红色素提取率及色价下降[15]。这一变化趋势与金声琅等[16]研究结果相似,但其最佳电场强度为30 kV/cm,表明等离子体处理在较低电压条件下即可实现较高提取效率,具有较高的能效和经济性。当电压超过3.5 kV后,提取率与色价均出现下降。这是由于能量水平过高的等离子体在破坏细胞壁结构的同时,也会破坏部分溶出的辣椒红色素结构,导致辣椒红色素提取率及色价下降[15]。这与徐小燕等[15]研究的过高等离子体处理电压会导致花青素结构破坏,从而降低其提取率和品质的结果一致。以上表明等离子体预处理技术在提取效率、处理条件的温和性以及能耗方面均优于传统物理辅助提取方法,适用于热敏性天然色素的高效提取。因此,综合提取效果与稳定性,最终选择3.5 kV为最优处理电压。
如图2可知,预处理喷射距离4.5~6.5 cm时,辣椒红色素的提取率及色价呈先增加后下降趋势。在预处理喷射距离5.5 cm时,辣椒红色素的提取率(33.59%±0.15%)和色价(169.26±0.58)达最高。这是由于在此喷射距离内等离子体的高能粒子轰击导致辣椒细胞壁中的纤维素、半纤维素和果胶等成分断裂,形成大量微孔显著提高细胞通透性,从而使辣椒红色素的提取率及色价增加[17]。当喷射距离超过5.5 cm,辣椒红色素的提取率及色价显著降低。这是由于等离子体刻蚀距离的长短对物质表面破坏有限,随着距离的不断增大则刻蚀度越小[18]。喷射距离的增大会降低进入质谱的离子数量,减少到达目标物的能量,从而影响提取效果[19]。因此,综合提取效果与稳定性,最终选择5.5 cm为最优喷射距离。
如图3可知,在预处理喷射时间10~30 s时,辣椒红色素的提取率及色价呈先增加后下降趋势。当喷射时间20 s时,辣椒红色素的提取率(34.07%±0.35%)和色价(170.35±0.70)达最高,这是由于等离子体中高能粒子(如离子、电子及活性原子)产生的物理蚀刻不仅使辣椒表面粗糙、比表面积增大,同时也改善了辣椒的亲水性(水接触角降低),从而促进溶剂渗透与色素溶出,提高辣椒红色素的提取率和色价[8]。而短时间等离子体处理引起的化学键分解和粒解离也可显著增加辣椒红色素提取率及色价[14],其处理时间远短于韩世明等[20]采用超声波辅助提取辣椒红色素所需的最佳处理时间(76 min),避免了长时间热效应对色素结构的潜在破坏。然而,等离子体预处理技术能够在较短时间内保证提取的色素具有较高的着色性能。当喷射时间超过20 s,辣椒红色素的提取率及色价显著降低,这与等离子体产生强氧化能力的活性物质有关[3]。这与徐小燕等[15]研究的过长等离子体处理时间会导致花青素结构发生降解,进而引起提取率与色素品质下降的结果一致。以上结果表明,等离子体预处理方法在作用时间、提取效率及色素保护方面均优于超声波辅助提取[6]和超高压[21]等物理提取技术,特别适用于对提取效率和产品品质要求较高的应用场景。因此,选择等离子体预处理最佳喷射时间选择20 s。
采用响应面软件Design-Expert.10对试验结果(表5)进行处理,建立了二次回归模型:Y=111.54−2.15A−3.08B−2.48C−1.93AB−6.23AC−0.1875BC−5.58A2−4.04B2−10.04C2(R2=0.9682),表明模型拟合程度好。由表6响应面方差分析结果可知,该模型极其显著(P<0.001),具有统计学意义,失拟项不显著(P>0.05),说明试验误差小、可信度高,说明辣椒红色素的提取率及色价适用于该模型分析。通过显著性检验可知,回归模型中的因素A、B、C、AC、A2、B2、C2对综合评分的影响极显著(P<0.001),表明电压、喷射距离、喷射时间对综合评价均有一定的影响。由显著水平可知,各因素对综合评分的影响大小依次为:B(喷射距离)>C(喷射时间)>A(电压)。
不同的3D曲面图代表两因素之间的交互作用不同,椭圆形状图表示相互作用差异显著,而圆形则表示相互作用差异不显著[22]。响应曲面图中的曲线越陡则说明该因素对综合评分的影响越大、交互作用越显著,响应面对应的等高线图越接近椭圆形,则表明各因素之间的交互作用越明显。如图4所示,电压(A)和喷射时间(C)的交互图曲面坡度相对陡峭,等高线疏密,表明二者间交互作用较强。对辣椒红色素的提取率及色价的影响显著。电压(A)和喷射距离(B)的交互图曲面坡度次之,等高线较疏密。而喷射距离(B)和喷射时间(C)的坡度相对平缓。上述分析与表3的方差分析结果一致。提取率随着电压和喷射距离的增加而升高,当达到3.5 kV和20 s时,提取率最高,之后提取率随着电压及喷射距离升高而降低。
基于上述模型,确定了辣椒红色素的最佳预处理条件为:电压3.461 kV,喷射距离5.316 cm,喷射时间19.516 s,预测其综合评分为105.60±0.76。考虑实际操作的可行性,将预处理条件调整为:电压3.5 kV,喷射距离5.5 cm,喷射时间20 s,并在此条件下进行三次平行实验验证,实际综合评分为105.55±0.64,验证值与预测值基本一致。说明建立的回归方程模型能较好地反映各因素对辣椒红色素综合评分的影响,模型与实际结果吻合,上述结果均表明采用响应面方法优化等离子体预处理的工艺条件可行,结果可靠。
基于等离子体预处理最佳工艺条件,根据随机质心设计方案,输入各因子的范围后,随机质心优化软件设计出相应的试验方案,试验设计及结果见表7,对试验结果采用RCO软件进行优化条件映射,结果见图5。将料液比、电场强度、电场处理时间这三个待优化因子输入至RCO程序,将得出的9组随机循环搜索评分值继续输入系统中,进行质心搜索试验3组,共12组。
图5中每个影响因素对应一个映射优化图,横坐标箭头所指对应各影响因素的最优映射值,纵坐标表示感官评分,图5中趋势线走势明晰连贯,箭头对关键数据节点的标注精准,据此判断,一轮RCO循环周期即可完成试验[23]。最终的优化映射为辣椒红色素提取提供了最优条件,X轴箭头分别指向三个因素的最优水平值,即料液比:1:20 g/mL、电场强度:20 kV,处理时间:2 min,在此条件下的辣椒红色素综合评分最高,且在映射试验中的料液比和处理时间呈现更多趋势线(图5中的A、B的直线和曲线均为趋势线),并明确指向该因素的最佳值,表明辣椒红色素的提取率及色价受料液比和处理时间的影响较大,受电场强度的影响较小。这与Bai等[23]研究发现何首乌提取物的含量随着处理时间延长逐渐减少,同时生成一系列衍生物。这说明处理时间长短直接决定了提取物的化学成分。
采用上述优化后的最优工艺提取辣椒红色素,即料液比1:20(g/mL),电场强度20 kV、电场处理时间2 min。此条件下提取的辣椒红色素综合评分为112.50分。经验证,随机质心优化程序(RCO)优化实验结果准确可靠。
4种不同提取方法提取的辣椒红色素提取率及色价见图6。结果表明,不同提取方法对辣椒红色素提取率及色价的影响较大。其中,APPJ+HEF组的提取率(38.77%)及色价(187.23)最高。其辣椒红色素提取率较CK、HEF组和APPJ组分别提高了72.90%、46.57%、9.89%。色价较其他三种提取方法分别提高了73.77%、43.88%、9.11%。HEF组高于CK组是由于高压静电场能够使细胞膜两侧的电势差发生改变,从而改变膜的通透性与流动性,使辣椒细胞内的辣椒红色素高效释放[24]。APPJ高于HEF组是由于等离子体放电产生的高能粒子不断轰击辣椒表面,使其细胞壁的木质纤维素结构遭破坏,更利于辣椒红色素的溶出[25]。APPJ+HEF高于APPJ组是由于等离子体的物理蚀刻作用结合高压静电场极化作用可有效改善细胞壁的通透性和传质效率,从而加速辣椒红色素溶出,实现高效提取。APPJ+HEF协同提取工艺得到的辣椒红色素较超声辅助热浸提取辣椒红色素提高了7.5%[20]。
由图7和图8可知,不同提取方法对辣椒红色素的含量影响差异显著(P<0.05)。HPLC是一种常用的定量分析方法,其通过检测样品中目标化合物的峰面积来定量分析其含量。峰面积与目标化合物的浓度呈线性关系,因此,HPLC的峰面积可直接反映样品中辣椒红色素的含量[14]。APPJ+HEF组(111.42±0.20 mg a.i./L)>APPJ组(100.60±0.13 mg a.i./L)>HEF组(86.86±0.30 mg a.i./L)>CK组(77.60±0.32 mg a.i./L)。APPJ组辣椒红色素含量高于HEF组,这是由于等离子体产生的自由基(如·OH、·O)能够直接攻击辣椒红色素分子周围的结合键,使其从基质中解离,实现更高的选择性提取[26]。而高压静电场主要通过电荷差异来分离色素,但对非离子型杂质的去除能力有限[27]。APPJ+HEF组的辣椒红色素含量远高于CK组、HEF组和APPJ组,这是由于等离子体产生的活性物质具有刻蚀作用,能够破坏辣椒表层结构,从而促进辣椒红色素的提取;而高压静电场可进一步深入破坏细胞壁,加速细胞内色素释放,促进有效成分从物料中溶出,两者形成的协同增效机制能高效提取目标化合物。此外,各预处理组在保留时间11 min和12 min处均出现了明显杂质峰,这可能是由于原料中的共存成分在提取过程中也被一并提取出来。这与徐小燕等[15]采用冷等离子体预处理结合超声波提取紫玉米芯花青素可有效提升提取效率的结果一致。
应用扫描电镜观察不同提取组辣椒残渣的微观结构。由图9可知,未经处理(CK组)的辣椒残渣颗粒较大且组织结构致密、表面平整,未见明显孔洞或破损。而HEF处理后的残渣结构发生改变,其组织结构松散、碎片增多、内部孔隙增加及比表面积增大。这是由于高压静电场破坏了颗粒间的电子结合力,导致结构疏松化;同时推进带电粒子定向移动,增强了液体的湍流效应;从而提升传质效率,促进细胞内物质的溶出[26]。APPJ处理后的样品组织结构破坏程度最大,这是由于等离子体中活性粒子(如离子、电子)对细胞壁聚合物中的氢键等非共价键产生的蚀刻作用诱发其形成空腔和微裂纹[27–28]。APPJ+HEF协同处理后,组织形态破碎程度最大,原有片状结构转变为多孔网状结构,以上表明等离子体与静电场具有的协同效应可加速对物料结构的破坏。
水接触角的大小反映了辣椒残渣亲水性强弱,水接触角越大则亲水性越小,反之则越大。CK、HEF、APPJ、APPJ+HEF不同提取方法得到的辣椒残渣水接触角如图10所示。不同提取方法得到的辣椒残渣WCA大小依次为CK(92.13°±1.89°)>HEF(90.75°±1.93°)>APPJ(85.84°±2.25°)>APPJ+HEF(80.57°±1.41°),其中HEF组的WCA低于CK,这是由于在高压静电场作用下的辣椒残渣表面微观结构变得更为松散,暴露出更多内部亲水性基团,从而提高辣椒残渣的亲水性。APPJ预处理使样品的WCA显著减少,这表明样品表面的亲水性增加[28];这是由于等离子体产生的活性氧作用于物料表面,不仅增加了物料表面O/C比率[29],同时其具有的刻蚀作用也增加了APPJ组辣椒残渣的表面能和粗糙度、降低水接触角、提高亲水性,从而提高提取率和产物质量[29]。而APPJ+HEF样品的WCA最小,说明其亲水性最强,这与SEM扫描电镜下APPJ+HEF组辣椒残渣的微观结构中表面结构破坏最严重、孔隙和裂纹最多、蜡质层完全脱落、疏水层去除、亲水基团增加的研究结果一致。
本研究采用RSM结合RCO优化法确定了等离子体预处理协同高压静电场(APPJ+HEF)提取辣椒红色素最佳工艺:等离子体预处理电压3.5 kV、喷射距离5.5 cm、处理时间20 s;高压静电场处理阶段电场强度20 kV、处理时间2 min,料液比为1:20(g/mL),在此条件下得到的辣椒红色素提取率、色价和辣椒红色素含量显著高于CK组、APPJ组和HEF组。此外,经研究发现APPJ+HEF协同处理后的辣椒残渣细胞破坏程度最大、亲水性增强,说明APPJ+HEF组辣椒红色素的提取效果与其结构变化密切相关。该技术在辣椒红色素的提取效率、处理速率和产物色价等关键指标上均显著优于超声波、微波、超高压及超临界二氧化碳萃取等现有的提取方法。研究不仅为辣椒红色素及其他植物活性成分的绿色高效提取提供了新技术,也为其工业化生产提供了重要理论依据与技术参考,具有良好的产业化应用前景。但本研究仅初探了辣椒红色素APPJ+HEF协同提取的效果,其协同提取机制尚不明晰,后期可通过进一步探究辣椒红色素APPJ+HEF协同提取动力学,基于脂质组学结合膜构象变化解析辣椒红色素APPJ+HEF协同提取机制,为该技术在实际生产中辣椒红色素及活性成分的精准提取与控释提供一定理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070067
  • 接收时间:2025-07-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-08
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    1新疆大学智慧农业学院(研究院)/新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017
    2新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所/新疆主要农副产品精深加工工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091

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马燕(1984−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
赵仲凯(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品加工与利用,食品功能与营养,蛋白质与油脂化学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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