Article(id=1320175804919689854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090118, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757606400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684039573, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684039573, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684039573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684039573, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=147, endPage=155, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320175805393646208, articleId=1320175804919689854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation and Nutritional Characterization of Pea–Grass Carp Dual-Protein by pH Cycling Method, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To obtain high quality co-precipitated dual proteins with desirable functional properties and enhanced nutritional value, this study systematically evaluated the effects of varying dissolution pH levels (2.0, 3.0, 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0) on the nutritional and physicochemical properties of pea-grass carp dual protein (Co). Parameters including optimal precipitation pH, proximate composition, particle size, Zeta potential, protein subunit composition, amino acid profile, and digestibility were analyzed. Results indicated that the optimal precipitation pH for Co was 5.0. All Co samples prepared by the pH cycling method were identified as high-quality proteins, containing major heterologous protein subunits and a full spectrum of amino acids, with methionine content significantly higher than that of pea protein alone. Physicochemical analyses revealed that alkaline-processed Co samples (Co9, Co10, and Co11) exhibited higher α-helix and lower β-sheet ratios compared to acid-processed ones (Co2, Co3). SDS-PAGE results demonstrated that the alkaline method facilitated the enrichment of readily digestible protein fractions. Alkaline-processed Co also showed smaller particle sizes and higher absolute Zeta potential values. Nutritional profiling indicated that Co10 had a crude protein content of 86.98%, an essential-to-total amino acid ratio of 40%, and in vitro protein digestibility and corrected amino acid score of 86.16% and 1.04, respectively. These attributes support the commercial potential of Co10. In conclusion, the alkaline pH cycling method represents a promising approach for preparing pea–grass carp dual protein with superior nutritional benefits.

, authors=Xiaohu ZHOU1, 2, 3, 4, Xin XIE2, Xinrui DIAO2, Jie CHEN2, Liangzhong ZHAO2, Hao CHEN2, Yang LI1, 3, *, Ping LÜ1, 3, Bin LI1, 3, Shucheng LIU4, authorsList=Xiaohu ZHOU, Xin XIE, Xinrui DIAO, Jie CHEN, Liangzhong ZHAO, Hao CHEN, Yang LI, Ping LÜ, Bin LI, Shucheng LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320175808799421072, articleId=1320175804919689854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=pH循环法制备豌豆-草鱼双蛋白及营养特性分析, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为获得性能优良且具有优异营养特性的共沉淀双蛋白,本研究系统探讨了不同溶解pH(2.0、3.0、9.0、10.0和11.0)对豌豆-草鱼双蛋白(Co)营养品质及理化特性的影响,测定其最适沉淀pH、基本成分、粒径、Zeta-电位、蛋白质亚基组成、氨基酸组成、消化特性等。结果表明,Co的最适沉淀pH为5.0;pH循环法制备的Co均属于优质蛋白质,含有异源蛋白主要亚基,氨基酸种类齐全,其中蛋氨酸含量明显高于豌豆蛋白。理化分析显示,碱法Co(Co9、Co10和Co11)相比酸法(Co2、Co3)具有较高的α-螺旋和较低的β-折叠比例;SDS-PAGE实验表明,碱法有利于回收易消化的蛋白组分;碱法Co具有较小的粒径和较高的Zeta-电位绝对值。营养特性分析表明,Co10粗蛋白含量达86.98%,必需氨基酸/总氨基酸比值为40%,体外消化率及其修正的氨基酸分别为86.16%、1.04。Co10具有商业推广应用价值。综上,pH循环的碱法是制备豌豆-草鱼双蛋白的理想策略,更具营养优势。

, authors=周小虎1, 2, 3, 4, 谢鑫2, 刁欣蕊2, 陈捷2, 赵良忠2, 陈浩2, 李杨1, 3, *, 吕平1, 3, 李斌1, 3, 刘书成4, authorsList=周小虎, 谢鑫, 刁欣蕊, 陈捷, 赵良忠, 陈浩, 李杨, 吕平, 李斌, 刘书成, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李杨, authorNote=

周小虎(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:豆制品加工与安全控制,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李杨(1981−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ShCvNeba6T9doJwiPfwuBQ==, magXml=4yuld6bczMoTjkDm2/xq6A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ol4ZEC0CCR7p38wncCZTfQ==, pdfFileSize=2591850, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=9mm8owLYc8lTzaGxirsj9w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=d/o2P49GWeFVYZHosAJGZw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320175809587950239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=foodxiaohu@hnsyu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320175809692807844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, authorId=1320175809587950239, language=EN, stringName=Xiaohu ZHOU, firstName=Xiaohu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 4, address=1College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
2College of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Green Processing and Equipment of Hunan-style Food, Shaoyang 422000, China
3Zhejiang Daoji Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314000, China
4College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320175809772499621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, authorId=1320175809587950239, language=CN, stringName=周小虎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 4, address=1东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
2邵阳学院食品与化学工程学院,豆制品加工与安全控制湖南省重点实验室,湘味特色食品绿色加工与装备湖南省工程研究中心,湖南邵阳 422000
3浙江道济农业科技发展有限公司,浙江嘉兴 314000
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注:不同字母表示不同沉淀pH样品间具有显著性差异,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=XCZsZ+CShVl19fGVFu8FOQ==, figureFileBig=9mm8owLYc8lTzaGxirsj9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175816747627241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of pH cycling treatment conditions on the protein extraction rate of grass carp, figureFileSmall=guXVnbSIHkUqfkh8p13jXg==, figureFileBig=pxkYvV41Z03WJyt5AvLzCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175816827319018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, language=CN, label=图2, caption=pH循环处理条件对草鱼蛋白提取率的影响

注:不同字母表示不同沉淀pH样品间具有显著性差异,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=guXVnbSIHkUqfkh8p13jXg==, figureFileBig=pxkYvV41Z03WJyt5AvLzCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175816902816491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different dissolution pH on the average particle size of Co, figureFileSmall=RiymIs2cDxJtHyhdJUa6ag==, figureFileBig=ATTCOih0pMYvW8ne0dllUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175816982508268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同溶解pH对Co平均粒径的影响

注:不同小写字母表示数据差异显著,P<0.05;图4同。

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Basic component analysis of Co prepared under different dissolution pH conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品水分(%)粗蛋白(%)粗脂肪(%)灰分(%)
Co25.33±0.02a82.71±0.21c5.03±0.88a5.04±0.25a
Co35.04±0.15a82.32±0.56c5.32±1.02a4.23±0.31b
Co93.94±0.02c85.60±0.77b3.37±0.39b4.10±0.39b
Co104.24±0.06b86.98±0.18a3.69±0.46b3.52±0.17c
Co114.33±0.12b87.13±0.24a3.23±0.55b2.77±0.34d
), ArticleFig(id=1320175817838146295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同溶解pH条件下制备的Co的基本成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品水分(%)粗蛋白(%)粗脂肪(%)灰分(%)
Co25.33±0.02a82.71±0.21c5.03±0.88a5.04±0.25a
Co35.04±0.15a82.32±0.56c5.32±1.02a4.23±0.31b
Co93.94±0.02c85.60±0.77b3.37±0.39b4.10±0.39b
Co104.24±0.06b86.98±0.18a3.69±0.46b3.52±0.17c
Co114.33±0.12b87.13±0.24a3.23±0.55b2.77±0.34d
), ArticleFig(id=1320175817922032376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Amino acid composition of Co prepared under different dissolution pH conditions (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸Co2Co3Co9Co10Co11
苏氨酸Thr*3.43±0.21c3.54±0.05c3.66±0.08b3.85±0.16a3.82±0.12ab
缬氨酸Val*3.88±0.04d4.07±0.07c4.27±0.12b4.66±0.05a4.59±0.08a
蛋氨酸Met*1.69±0.01d1.85±0.03c2.03±0.07b2.17±0.04a2.16±0.05a
异亮氨酸Ile*3.59±0.12c3.72±0.08c3.99±0.15b4.34±0.02a4.25±0.12ab
亮氨酸Leu*6.35±0.04e6.59±0.06d6.91±0.08c7.59±0.03a7.42±0.06b
苯丙氨酸Phe*3.62±0.02e3.73±0.04d3.89±0.03c4.23±0.05a4.14±0.03b
赖氨酸Lys*7.12±0.18d7.38±0.04c7.69±0.11b8.03±0.03a7.92±0.08b
色氨酸Trp*1.63±0.03a1.46±0.04b1.30±0.02c1.16±0.08d1.24±0.03d
天冬氨酸Asp9.28±0.23e9.57±0.11d9.76±0.11c10.18±0.08a9.96±0.07b
丝氨酸Ser4.03±0.04e4.17±0.02d4.28±0.08c4.47±0.02b4.55±0.04a
谷氨酸Glu13.88±0.36d14.56±0.11c15.39±0.15b16.02±0.12a15.98±0.11a
甘氨酸Gly3.02±0.02e3.16±0.04d3.35±0.06c3.57±0.06a3.46±0.03b
丙氨酸Ala4.23±0.08e4.39±0.03d4.51±0.05c4.71±0.01b4.83±0.02a
半胱氨酸
Cys-s
0.19±0.01e0.26±0.01d0.29±0.02c0.38±0.01a0.32±0.01b
酪氨酸Tyr3.95±0.04a3.88±0.02b3.75±0.04c3.52±0.04d3.53±0.06d
组氨酸His1.47±0.02e1.64±0.03d1.71±0.01c1.96±0.03a1.92±0.04b
精氨酸Arg7.49±0.11a7.18±0.06b6.89±0.09c6.45±0.03e6.57±0.11d
脯氨酸Pro2.88±0.08d3.02±0.02c3.17±0.04b3.39±0.18a3.35±0.08a
TAA81.7384.1786.7990.6890.01
TEAA31.3132.3433.6936.0335.54
TNEAA52.0553.2954.3555.8155.71
TEAA/TAA(%)3838394039
TEAA/TNEAA(%)6061626564
), ArticleFig(id=1320175818014307065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同溶解pH条件下制备的Co的氨基酸组成(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸Co2Co3Co9Co10Co11
苏氨酸Thr*3.43±0.21c3.54±0.05c3.66±0.08b3.85±0.16a3.82±0.12ab
缬氨酸Val*3.88±0.04d4.07±0.07c4.27±0.12b4.66±0.05a4.59±0.08a
蛋氨酸Met*1.69±0.01d1.85±0.03c2.03±0.07b2.17±0.04a2.16±0.05a
异亮氨酸Ile*3.59±0.12c3.72±0.08c3.99±0.15b4.34±0.02a4.25±0.12ab
亮氨酸Leu*6.35±0.04e6.59±0.06d6.91±0.08c7.59±0.03a7.42±0.06b
苯丙氨酸Phe*3.62±0.02e3.73±0.04d3.89±0.03c4.23±0.05a4.14±0.03b
赖氨酸Lys*7.12±0.18d7.38±0.04c7.69±0.11b8.03±0.03a7.92±0.08b
色氨酸Trp*1.63±0.03a1.46±0.04b1.30±0.02c1.16±0.08d1.24±0.03d
天冬氨酸Asp9.28±0.23e9.57±0.11d9.76±0.11c10.18±0.08a9.96±0.07b
丝氨酸Ser4.03±0.04e4.17±0.02d4.28±0.08c4.47±0.02b4.55±0.04a
谷氨酸Glu13.88±0.36d14.56±0.11c15.39±0.15b16.02±0.12a15.98±0.11a
甘氨酸Gly3.02±0.02e3.16±0.04d3.35±0.06c3.57±0.06a3.46±0.03b
丙氨酸Ala4.23±0.08e4.39±0.03d4.51±0.05c4.71±0.01b4.83±0.02a
半胱氨酸
Cys-s
0.19±0.01e0.26±0.01d0.29±0.02c0.38±0.01a0.32±0.01b
酪氨酸Tyr3.95±0.04a3.88±0.02b3.75±0.04c3.52±0.04d3.53±0.06d
组氨酸His1.47±0.02e1.64±0.03d1.71±0.01c1.96±0.03a1.92±0.04b
精氨酸Arg7.49±0.11a7.18±0.06b6.89±0.09c6.45±0.03e6.57±0.11d
脯氨酸Pro2.88±0.08d3.02±0.02c3.17±0.04b3.39±0.18a3.35±0.08a
TAA81.7384.1786.7990.6890.01
TEAA31.3132.3433.6936.0335.54
TNEAA52.0553.2954.3555.8155.71
TEAA/TAA(%)3838394039
TEAA/TNEAA(%)6061626564
), ArticleFig(id=1320175818114970362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

AAS, IVPD and PDCAAS of Co samples prepared at different dissolution pH values

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目标准值(mg/g)Co2Co3Co9Co10Co11
成人幼儿成人幼儿成人幼儿成人幼儿成人幼儿成人幼儿
His1619104*88109*92113*95123*103120*101
Ile1328276128286133307143334155327152
Leu196633295347100364105399115391112
Lys1658445123461127481133502138495137
Met+Cys-s172511175*12484*13693*150102*14699*
Phe+Tyr1963398120401121402121408123404122
Thr934381101393104407108428113424112
Trp511326148292133250114232105248113
Val1335298111313116328122358133353131
AAS10475109841139312110212099
IVPD(%)71.58±0.74d74.39±0.72c79.49±1.02b86.16±1.04a85.86±0.87a
PDCAAS0.740.530.810.620.900.741.040.881.030.85
), ArticleFig(id=1320175818203050747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175804919689854, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同溶解pH制备的Co样品的AAS、IVPD和PDCAAS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目标准值(mg/g)Co2Co3Co9Co10Co11
成人幼儿成人幼儿成人幼儿成人幼儿成人幼儿成人幼儿
His1619104*88109*92113*95123*103120*101
Ile1328276128286133307143334155327152
Leu196633295347100364105399115391112
Lys1658445123461127481133502138495137
Met+Cys-s172511175*12484*13693*150102*14699*
Phe+Tyr1963398120401121402121408123404122
Thr934381101393104407108428113424112
Trp511326148292133250114232105248113
Val1335298111313116328122358133353131
AAS10475109841139312110212099
IVPD(%)71.58±0.74d74.39±0.72c79.49±1.02b86.16±1.04a85.86±0.87a
PDCAAS0.740.530.810.620.900.741.040.881.030.85
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pH循环法制备豌豆-草鱼双蛋白及营养特性分析
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周小虎 1, 2, 3, 4 , 谢鑫 2 , 刁欣蕊 2 , 陈捷 2 , 赵良忠 2 , 陈浩 2 , 李杨 1, 3, * , 吕平 1, 3 , 李斌 1, 3 , 刘书成 4
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(12): 147-155
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (12) : 147 -155
pH循环法制备豌豆-草鱼双蛋白及营养特性分析
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周小虎1, 2, 3, 4 , 谢鑫2, 刁欣蕊2, 陈捷2, 赵良忠2, 陈浩2, 李杨1, 3, * , 吕平1, 3, 李斌1, 3, 刘书成4
作者信息
  • 1东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
  • 2邵阳学院食品与化学工程学院,豆制品加工与安全控制湖南省重点实验室,湘味特色食品绿色加工与装备湖南省工程研究中心,湖南邵阳 422000
  • 3浙江道济农业科技发展有限公司,浙江嘉兴 314000
  • 4广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东湛江 524000
通讯作者:
李杨(1981−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

周小虎(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:豆制品加工与安全控制,E-mail:

Preparation and Nutritional Characterization of Pea–Grass Carp Dual-Protein by pH Cycling Method
Xiaohu ZHOU1, 2, 3, 4 , Xin XIE2, Xinrui DIAO2, Jie CHEN2, Liangzhong ZHAO2, Hao CHEN2, Yang LI1, 3, * , Ping LÜ1, 3, Bin LI1, 3, Shucheng LIU4
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
  • 2College of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Green Processing and Equipment of Hunan-style Food, Shaoyang 422000, China
  • 3Zhejiang Daoji Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314000, China
  • 4College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090118
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为获得性能优良且具有优异营养特性的共沉淀双蛋白,本研究系统探讨了不同溶解pH(2.0、3.0、9.0、10.0和11.0)对豌豆-草鱼双蛋白(Co)营养品质及理化特性的影响,测定其最适沉淀pH、基本成分、粒径、Zeta-电位、蛋白质亚基组成、氨基酸组成、消化特性等。结果表明,Co的最适沉淀pH为5.0;pH循环法制备的Co均属于优质蛋白质,含有异源蛋白主要亚基,氨基酸种类齐全,其中蛋氨酸含量明显高于豌豆蛋白。理化分析显示,碱法Co(Co9、Co10和Co11)相比酸法(Co2、Co3)具有较高的α-螺旋和较低的β-折叠比例;SDS-PAGE实验表明,碱法有利于回收易消化的蛋白组分;碱法Co具有较小的粒径和较高的Zeta-电位绝对值。营养特性分析表明,Co10粗蛋白含量达86.98%,必需氨基酸/总氨基酸比值为40%,体外消化率及其修正的氨基酸分别为86.16%、1.04。Co10具有商业推广应用价值。综上,pH循环的碱法是制备豌豆-草鱼双蛋白的理想策略,更具营养优势。

pH循环  /  豌豆  /  草鱼  /  双蛋白  /  营养特性  /  消化率

To obtain high quality co-precipitated dual proteins with desirable functional properties and enhanced nutritional value, this study systematically evaluated the effects of varying dissolution pH levels (2.0, 3.0, 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0) on the nutritional and physicochemical properties of pea-grass carp dual protein (Co). Parameters including optimal precipitation pH, proximate composition, particle size, Zeta potential, protein subunit composition, amino acid profile, and digestibility were analyzed. Results indicated that the optimal precipitation pH for Co was 5.0. All Co samples prepared by the pH cycling method were identified as high-quality proteins, containing major heterologous protein subunits and a full spectrum of amino acids, with methionine content significantly higher than that of pea protein alone. Physicochemical analyses revealed that alkaline-processed Co samples (Co9, Co10, and Co11) exhibited higher α-helix and lower β-sheet ratios compared to acid-processed ones (Co2, Co3). SDS-PAGE results demonstrated that the alkaline method facilitated the enrichment of readily digestible protein fractions. Alkaline-processed Co also showed smaller particle sizes and higher absolute Zeta potential values. Nutritional profiling indicated that Co10 had a crude protein content of 86.98%, an essential-to-total amino acid ratio of 40%, and in vitro protein digestibility and corrected amino acid score of 86.16% and 1.04, respectively. These attributes support the commercial potential of Co10. In conclusion, the alkaline pH cycling method represents a promising approach for preparing pea–grass carp dual protein with superior nutritional benefits.

pH cycling  /  pea  /  grass carp  /  dual-protein  /  nutritional characterization  /  digestibility
周小虎, 谢鑫, 刁欣蕊, 陈捷, 赵良忠, 陈浩, 李杨, 吕平, 李斌, 刘书成. pH循环法制备豌豆-草鱼双蛋白及营养特性分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 147 -155 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090118
Xiaohu ZHOU, Xin XIE, Xinrui DIAO, Jie CHEN, Liangzhong ZHAO, Hao CHEN, Yang LI, Ping LÜ, Bin LI, Shucheng LIU. Preparation and Nutritional Characterization of Pea–Grass Carp Dual-Protein by pH Cycling Method[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 147 -155 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090118
蛋白质作为人类的必需营养素之一,为人类的生长发育提供了必需氨基酸[1]。然而,单一来源的膳食蛋白容易造成营养缺乏症,因此在我国提出“双蛋白战略”背景下,开发兼具优良营养与功能特性的动植物复合蛋白产品逐渐成为研究热点[2-3]。豌豆种植广泛,具有成本低、蛋白质含量高、赖氨酸丰富及低致敏性等优点[4]。豌豆与大豆等豆类作物相似,其第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸,限制了其在食品体系中的广泛应用[5]。草鱼是四大家鱼之一,常年位居中国淡水鱼产量第一;草鱼蛋白消化率高,且富含蛋氨酸,属于优质动物蛋白,但其溶解度差、稳定性低,常需复合加工以改善性能[6−7]。因此,豌豆蛋白与草鱼蛋白有复合成为双蛋白的潜质。
pH循环法是制备共沉淀双蛋白(Co-precipitated proteins,Co)的常用技术,先将异源蛋白置于同一极端酸性或碱性溶液中,使其结构部分展开,而后将pH调回到异源蛋白的中间等电点,此过程中异源蛋白“熔球”因带相反(正、负)电荷而发生静电互作主导的重折叠,并形成新的构象[8]。目前,pH循环法已被广泛应用于制备多种双蛋白体系,如大豆-罗非鱼[8]、豌豆-乳清[9]等。研究表明,采用pH循环法制备双蛋白可以有效改善单一蛋白质的氨基酸组成,提高消化率,获得更为良好的营养特性[10−11]。此外,溶解pH会显著影响蛋白质的理化性质,导致其功能和营养特性的变化[12-13]。郑惠娜等[14]研究发现,在碱性条件下提取的牡蛎蛋白具备更优的营养特性。因此,在蛋白质提取过程中,选择合适的pH至关重要。目前,国内外对单一蛋白质的营养与功能研究较多,但对双蛋白复合体系,尤其是豌豆-草鱼双蛋白的研究仍较为缺乏,尚未见系统探讨溶解pH对其营养特性影响的报道。
鉴于溶解pH在调节蛋白质营养特性方面的关键作用,本研究以豌豆-草鱼共沉淀双蛋白(Co)为研究对象,系统比较了不同溶解pH(2.0、3.0、9.0、10.0、11.0)条件下Co的基本组成、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)电泳、氨基酸组成、消化率、氨基酸评分、Zeta-电位、粒径及二级结构等指标,探究pH循环法对豌豆-草鱼双蛋白理化及营养特性的影响,为Co在食品工业中的广泛应用提供理论依据。
黄豌豆 广东金威玛豆业;草鱼 湛江市鹤地水库渔业有限公司;普通型透析膜(8000~14000 Da) 上海源叶;胃蛋白酶(猪源)(1:15000) 阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;T8150-10胰蛋白酶(1:250) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;SDS-PAGE蛋白凝胶电泳试剂盒、Bradford蛋白检测试剂盒 上海碧云天公司;其余化学试剂均为分析纯 购自国药公司。
JYL-co12料理机 九阳公司;VAP 450定氮仪 广州格哈特仪器有限公司;TENSOR27傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 德国Bruker公司;L8900型氨基酸分析仪 日本岛津公司;FMalvern Zetasizer Nano ZS粒径分析仪 英国Malvern公司。
参考Liu等[8]的方法略作修改,将黄豌豆研磨后过150 μm筛制得豌豆粉,草鱼背部白肉剪切打浆制成鱼浆,备用。将豌豆粉按1:9(w/w)比例加入到4 ℃纯水中,充分搅拌。使用酸碱调节液(1 mol/L HCl或NaOH)分别调整溶解pH为2.0、3.0、9.0、10.0、11.0,搅拌15 min使其充分溶解,离心(12000×g、20 min、4 ℃),除去沉淀,取上清液,混入酸碱调节液(1 mol/L HCl或NaOH),充分搅拌,分别调节沉淀pH至4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5和6.0,离心(12000×g、20 min、4 ℃),收集沉淀。使用鱼浆作为原料,重复豌豆蛋白制作步骤制备草鱼蛋白。
采用pH循环法分别制备豌豆和草鱼蛋白沉淀物,分别设置5个溶解pH(2.0、3.0、9.0、10.0、11.0)与5个沉淀pH(4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0),溶解pH和沉淀pH之间两两组合,采用凯氏定氮法测定上述25组沉淀物中的蛋白含量,并据此计算蛋白提取率。最大蛋白提取率对应最适沉淀pH。在此基础上,结合pH循环法对蛋白质的改性作用,确定制备双蛋白的最适沉淀pH条件[15]。
$ \text { 蛋白提取率 }(\text{%})=\frac{\text { 沉淀物蛋白含量 }(\mathrm{g})}{\text { 原料中蛋白含量 }(\mathrm{g})} \times 100 $
蛋白质作为两性分子,其溶解性在等电点处最低。基于这一特性,实验选取酸性(pH2.0、3.0)与碱性(pH9.0、10.0、11.0)区间作为溶解条件。前期研究已确定Co最佳沉淀pH,本研究重点考察溶解pH通过改变蛋白质电荷与构象,从而调控其营养特性。在明确Co最佳沉淀pH后,先将豌豆粉和草鱼肉按质量比1:1混合后溶解于pH2.0、3.0、9.0、10.0、11.0的水溶液中,诱导蛋白沉淀,沉淀经去离子水洗涤后,调节pH至7.0,透析后进行冷冻干燥(48 h)[15],研磨后得到5种不同溶解条件下制备的Co粉末,分别命名为Co2、Co3、Co9、Co10和Co11。
水分、蛋白质、脂肪及灰分含量分别依据GB 5009.3-2016《食品中水分的测定》(直接干燥法)、GB 5009.5-2016《食品中蛋白质的测定》(凯氏定氮法)、GB 5009.6-2016《食品中脂肪的测定》(索氏提取法)和GB 5009.4-2016《食品中灰分的测定》(干法灰化法)进行测定。
将5种Co分别溶于蒸馏水中,使其浓度为0.1 mg/mL,然后于25 ℃下使用Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS测定平均粒径以及Zeta-电位,仪器参数设定如下:样品折射率为1.107,溶剂(水)折射率为1.330,每个样品在测量前于25 ℃下平衡2 min[16],随后进行三次独立重复测量并取平均值。
参考Wang等[17]的方法略作修改,将蛋白浓度为1% (w/v) 的5种Co溶液分别与不含二硫苏糖醇(DTT)的上样缓冲液(4×)混合,依次上样。电泳在浓缩胶(5%)和分离胶(10%)组成的系统中进行,电压分别为80 V和120 V。凝胶用考马斯亮蓝超快染色液染色3 h后使用去离子水脱色后拍照。
参考文献[17]方法,将5种Co分别与KBr按1:50(w/w)的比例混合均匀,然后压成1 mm厚的透明薄片。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪在500~4000 cm−1范围内采集光谱,扫描次数为64次,分辨率设为4 cm−1,测定环境控制在25 ℃、50%相对湿度。使用PeakFit软件(版本4.12)对傅里叶变换红外光谱中的酰胺I带(1600~1700 cm−1)进行解卷积和曲线拟合,以进行二级结构分析。
5种Co的氨基酸组成测定参考文献[18]方法。样品采用恒沸6 mol/L HCl在110 ℃下水解24 h,将水解产物转移至50 mL容量瓶并用蒸馏水定容。水解液经邻苯二甲醛(OPA)柱前衍生后,使用全自动氨基酸分析仪进行测定。此外,色氨酸含量采用碱水解法测定,即使用5 mol/L NaOH在110 ℃下水解22 h后分析;半胱氨酸的含量采用甲酸氧化法测定,即将样品与甲酸-过氧化氢混合溶液(9:1,v/v)于0~4 ℃反应16~18 h,经冷冻干燥去除残余试剂后,再按前述酸水解流程处理并通过氨基酸分析仪进行定量分析[19]。
参考Kaspchak等[20]方法略作修改,配制胃蛋白酶(3.33 mg/mL)与各待测蛋白(3.0 mg/mL)的混合溶液,在pH2.0、37 ℃条件下振荡1.5 h,随后中和至pH7.0完成胃消化。肠消化阶段,向胃消化液中加入胰蛋白酶溶液(0.5 mg/mL,以pH7.0的0.1 mol/L PBS缓冲液配制),恒温(37 ℃)搅拌3.0 h,最后加入Na2CO3快速调整pH至10.0,终止消化。体外消化率(IVPD)由下式计算:
$ \text {IVPD}(\text{%})=\frac{\text { 消化的蛋白含量 }}{\text { 总蛋白含量 }(3.0\; \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{mL})} \times 100 $
氨基酸评分(AAS)计算参考1985年FAO/WHO推荐的营养品质评价法[21],将样品中各必需氨基酸含量与相应氨基酸需求参考模式进行比较,其比值得出各氨基酸评分,其中得分最低者为限制性氨基酸。参考文献[18,22],体外蛋白质消化率修正的氨基酸评分(PDCAAS)通过氨基酸评分(AAS)和蛋白质样品的体外蛋白质消化率(IVPD)来计算:
$ \mathrm{AAS}=\frac{\text { 样品中必需氨基酸含量 }}{\text { 参考蛋白中必需氨基酸含量 }} \times 100 $
$ \text {PDCAAS}=\text {AAS} / 100 \times \text {IVPD } $
实验结果以平均值±标准差表示,每组测量独立重复至少三次。所有数据均使用Origin 2024和IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0软件进行数据处理与统计分析。显著性水平设定为P<0.05,不同字母表示样品间具有显著性差异。
双蛋白的营养学特点是氨基酸互补,然而考虑营养价值评价标准以及加工成本,首先应以提取率为考察指标优化pH循环处理条件。将去皮豌豆粉、草鱼背部白肉进行pH循环处理(溶解pH为2.0、3.0、9.0、10.0、11.0,沉淀pH为4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0)的蛋白提取率情况见图1和图2。由此可见,pH循环处理条件决定了两种异源蛋白质的提取率,其中溶解pH为11.0时蛋白提取率总体最高,该趋势与文献[23]报道的pH循环法制备大豆-罗非鱼双蛋白在pH11时获得最高蛋白溶解度的结果相一致。豌豆蛋白与草鱼蛋白在提取率最高时对应的沉淀pH分别为4.0~5.0和5.0~5.5,该结果与豌豆球蛋白(pI≈4.5)[24]及草鱼肌原纤维蛋白(pI≈5.5)[25]的等电点相近。基于pH循环法的技术原理,即通过设定中间等电点促使异源蛋白发生静电相互作用,进而调控其结构与功能,本研究将Co的最适沉淀pH确定为5.0。在此沉淀pH条件下,豌豆蛋白与草鱼蛋白的提取率分别可达49.25%~81.13%与62.12%~82.63%,实现了两种蛋白的高效共提取。
对不同溶解pH下制备的Co样品的基本成分进行分析,结果如表1所示。所有样品的粗蛋白含量均高于80%,纯度较高,属优质蛋白。该结果主要归因于pH循环法可高效提取清蛋白、球蛋白[26]以及肌浆蛋白[27]等主要蛋白组分,并有效去除非蛋白杂质。随着pH升高,粗蛋白含量升高,Co11(87.13%)的粗蛋白含量最高,Co10略低于Co11但差异不显著(P>0.05),Co2和Co3粗蛋白含量较低,且两者间无显著差异,其中,Co3(82.32%)含量最低,这可能是较高的溶解pH增强了蛋白质的溶解性,积累结构蛋白和贮藏蛋白,使羧基离子化、氨基去质子化,从而提高了粗蛋白的含量[28]。从食品保藏角度考虑,低脂体系更有利于产品稳定贮藏。碱法制备的Co脂肪含量显著低于酸法,表明碱法脱脂效率更高。这与碱性条件下发生的皂化反应有关,生成的具有表面活性的脂肪酸盐会吸附于水气界面,从而在离心过程中更易被去除[29]。综上所述,五种Co均具备较高的粗蛋白含量,适用于双蛋白食品的开发与应用;碱溶提取的Co10、Co11的粗蛋白含量分别为86.98%和87.13%,同时粗脂肪含量较低(3.69%和3.23%),符合低脂高蛋白的消费需求,更具应用潜质。
溶解pH对Co平均粒径和Zeta-电位的影响如图3和图4所示。由图3可知,Co的平均粒径分布于3.61~12.63 μm,且存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。随着pH增大,Co的平均粒径逐渐减小,在Co2时粒径最大(12.63±0.14 μm),这可能与蛋白质在酸性条件下的低溶解性有关,而碱性环境则有助于蛋白分散与溶解[30]。Das等[31]研究苋菜蛋白时也发现了类似趋势,即随溶解pH增加,蛋白粒径减小。
Zeta-电位可表示蛋白质溶液中的吸引力和排斥力。由图4可知,碱性条件下制备的Co9(−31.96±0.94 mV)、Co10(−42.08±2.96 mV)和Co11(−55.66±2.28 mV)的Zeta-电位绝对值显著高于酸性条件下的Co2和Co3(P<0.05),其中碱性条件负电荷含量的增加可归因于氨基和羧基的去质子化[32]。此外,有研究表明高绝对值的Zeta-电位可通过增强静电排斥作用有效提高蛋白质体系的稳定性,抑制聚集行为[12]。Sun等[33]研究发现蛋白质消化率的提升与粒径减小和电位增加密切相关。因此,在碱性溶解条件下所制备的Co具有较高的Zeta-电位绝对值,有助于减少蛋白质聚集;同时其较小的粒径可增大比表面积,暴露更多酶切位点,为消化酶提供更佳作用条件,提示具有较高的蛋白质消化率[34]。
非还原SDS-PAGE电泳在不使用还原剂DTT条件下进行,可尽量保持双蛋白自然组成[35],如图5所示。5种Co都包含了豌豆蛋白和草鱼蛋白中的典型蛋白质亚基条带,包括肌球蛋白重链MHC(200~210 kDa)、convicilin(70 kDa),legumin α+β(62 kDa)、vicilin(50 kDa)、肌动蛋白AC(42 kDa)、legumin α(38 kDa)、原肌球蛋白TM(35 kDa),legumin β(22 kDa)以及可溶性聚集体aggregates,与文献[36−37]报道一致,说明pH循环法能高效提取异源蛋白的各类亚基,为营养互补提供了物质基础。由图5可知,酸性溶解pH条件下制备的Co(Co2和Co3)中vicilin、原肌球蛋白TM条带强度明显低于碱性样品,可见酸溶条件下部分蛋白变性程度大[38]。此外,碱法Co的可溶性聚集体(aggregates)和vicilin多于酸法Co,说明碱性环境更利于二硫键介导的共价交联形成。已有研究指出,二硫键[39]与vicilin[40]含量与蛋白质构象柔性正相关,据此推测碱性Co在消化过程中更易与酶结合,可能具备更优的消化特性。综上,碱性溶解条件有助于更全面地回收蛋白组分,并促进有利于消化的结构特征形成。
蛋白质二级结构也会显著影响它们的消化率[41]。由图6可知,五种Co的二级结构均以β-折叠为主,占比介于40.35%~50.27%之间。不同pH溶解的Co二级结构存在明显差异,碱性溶解条件(Co9、Co10、Co11)的α-螺旋和无规卷曲显著高于酸性溶解条件Co2、Co3(P<0.05),而β-折叠显著低于酸性溶解条件Co2、Co3(P<0.05)。其中Co10中的α-螺旋含量最高(19.54%±0.11%),而β-折叠和无规卷曲含量最低(40.35%±0.10%)。β-折叠作为疏水构象,常以刚性堆叠形式存在于蛋白质聚集体中,其含量较高时会阻碍消化酶作用,从而降低蛋白质消化率[42]。王馨蕊等[43]研究发现,β-折叠与大豆蛋白的体外消化率呈显著负相关。由此可推断,碱性溶解条件下制备的Co(尤其是Co10)因其较低的β-折叠含量和较高的α-螺旋比例,表现出更优的消化特性。
氨基酸组成是影响蛋白质营养价值的关键因素,5种Co氨基酸组成如表2所示。由表2可知,5种Co所含氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸含量介于31.31~36.03 g/100 g,非必需氨基酸含量在52.05~55.81 g/100 g之间。所有Co的蛋氨酸(Met)含量(1.69~2.17 g/100 g)均显著(P<0.05)高于单一豌豆蛋白(0.09 g/100 g)[44],表明双蛋白复合有效弥补了豌豆蛋白中蛋氨酸的不足。Co中谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、赖氨酸(Lys)和亮氨酸(Leu)含量较为丰富,其中Lys为含量最高的必需氨基酸,Glu为最主要的非必需氨基酸,这与Tian等[45]研究相似。不同溶解pH下Co氨基酸含量差别显著(P<0.05),随着溶解pH升高,丝氨酸(Ser)和丙氨酸(Ala)含量增加,而色氨酸(Trp)、酪氨酸(Tyr)和精氨酸(Arg)含量下降,其余氨基酸则在pH10时达到最高值。总体而言,碱性溶解条件下Co的总氨基酸含量高于酸性条件,其中Co10的总氨基酸含量最高,为90.68 g/100 g,说明碱性条件下溶解的Co具备更高的营养价值,且Co10时营养价值最高。除此之外,所有Co样品的必需氨基酸总量/总氨基酸(TEAA/TAA)比值为38%~40%,必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量(TEAA/TNEAA)为60%~65%,Co10中TEAA/TAA(40%)以及TEAA/TNEAA(65%)均高于其他样品。通常TEAA/TAA>36%被认为是高质量的蛋白质[46],因此本研究中的所有Co均符合高质量蛋白的要求,且Co10表现最佳。
根据FAO/WHO于1985年推荐的蛋白质评价模式,优质蛋白质需包含全部9种必需氨基酸,以满足人体正常生理需求[47]。图7展示了五种Co样品中必需氨基酸组成与该模式的匹配程度。在所有Co中,Lys(71.2~80.3 mg/g)含量均远超于WHO的建议值,但蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸(Met+Cys)和Leu含量相对较低。除Co10外,其余样品的含硫氨基酸(Met+Cys)均未达到幼儿需要量标准(25 mg/g);在酸性条件(Co2、Co3)下制备的样品中,Leu含量也未满足幼儿需求(66 mg/g)。此外,所有的芳香族氨基酸(Phe+Tyr)均高于WHO的建议值,且在pH10时达到最大值(77.6 mg/g)。在五种Co中,仅Co10能够全面满足9种必需氨基酸的需求,表明在pH10条件下溶解有助于制备氨基酸组成更为均衡的蛋白产品,在营养强化领域显示出良好的应用潜力。
用氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)、体外消化率(in vitro protein digestibility,IVPD)、消化率修正氨基酸评分(protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score,PDCAAS)评估Co的营养状况。AAS通过对比食物蛋白质与人体所需蛋白质的氨基酸组成,评估其被人体利用的效率[48]。由表3可知,在不同评价标准下,Co的第一限制性氨基酸存在差异:成人为组氨酸(His),幼儿为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸(Met+Cys-s)。与其他Co相比,Co10与Co11的AAS值较高,在成人模式中分别为121和120,表明其氨基酸组成更为均衡,能够更好地满足人体对营养的需要。
IVPD是衡量蛋白质营养价值的重要指标[49],其通过体外胃-肠模拟消化模型测定,列于表3。体外消化后,在相同消化条件下,碱溶Co的消化率高于酸溶Co,其中Co10的IVPD最高(86.16%±1.04%),这可能是由于碱性条件下蛋白质变性、展开和分子内和分子间键的拉伸,导致多肽链断裂,使其更容易与消化酶的肽键结合[50]。此外,有研究表明蛋白质消化率与Arg/Lys比值呈负相关[51]。Co2、Co3、Co9、Co10和Co11的Arg/Lys分别为1.05、0.97、0.90、0.80和0.83。因此,Co10中较低的Arg/Lys比值意味着消化所需肽键数量减少,可能有助于其更高的IVPD。高消化率蛋白质可释放更多氨基酸,从而提升营养利用效率[8]。PDCAAS可用于预测蛋白质的生物学价值。在不同溶解pH制备的Co中,Co10和Co11的PDCAAS最高,分别为1.04和1.03,与鸡蛋相似[52],表明Co10和Co11具有优异的营养品质,可作为食品工业中潜在的优质营养补充剂。
上述结果表明,Co的最适沉淀pH为5.0,且碱性条件下制备的Co营养品质显著优于酸性条件。5种Co所含氨基酸种类齐全,其蛋氨酸(Met)含量(1.69~2.17 g/100 g)显著高于单一豌豆蛋白(P<0.05),表明双蛋白复合有效弥补了植物蛋白的蛋氨酸不足。溶解pH对Co的结构特性具有显著影响(P<0.05)。碱溶提取的Co具有较高的Zeta-电位绝对值和较小的粒径,其中Co11的粒径最小(3.61 μm),电位绝对值最大(-55.66±2.28 mV)。二级结构分析显示,碱溶提取的Co(特别是Co10)具有较高的α-螺旋和较低的β-折叠含量。SDS-PAGE图谱进一步表明,所有Co均含异源蛋白主要亚基,且碱性溶解条件有助于更全面地回收蛋白组分,并促进有利于消化的结构特征形成。在营养特性方面,碱性提取Co的总氨基酸含量高于酸性条件,其中Co10总氨基酸含量最高(90.68 g/100 g),体外消化率达86.82%。在碱性样品中,Co11粗蛋白含量最高(87.13%),脂肪含量较低(3.23%);而Co10综合表现最优,营养价值最为突出,具有膳食营养强化剂的应用价值。本研究结果不仅为高营养品质双蛋白的制备提供了理论依据,也为开发新型蛋白强化食品提供了优质原料与技术支持。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090118
  • 接收时间:2025-09-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-12
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    1东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
    2邵阳学院食品与化学工程学院,豆制品加工与安全控制湖南省重点实验室,湘味特色食品绿色加工与装备湖南省工程研究中心,湖南邵阳 422000
    3浙江道济农业科技发展有限公司,浙江嘉兴 314000
    4广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东湛江 524000

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李杨(1981−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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