Article(id=1320175778151645411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050269, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748361600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684033191, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684033191, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684033191, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684033191, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=75, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320175778449440996, articleId=1320175778151645411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Superfine Grinding on the Quality Characteristics of Pueraria thomsonii Whole Powder, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Three types of superfine Pueraria thomsonii whole powder (designated SGP-1, SGP-2, and SGP-3) were prepared using a dry impact superfine grinder and compared with the Pueraria thomsonii whole powder prepared by a hammer cyclone mill (designated P-120) and the refined kudzu starch obtained by water extraction (designated KS). The effects of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties, sensory quality, functional components, and antioxidant activity of the whole powder were systematically investigated. Results showed that SGP-2 and SGP-3 achieved particle size D90 values of 19.60 μm and 19.16 μm, respectively, both meeting the criteria for superfine powders (<20 μm). Compared with KS, SGP-3 exhibited increases of 317.66 mg/kg in total flavonoid content, 0.12 g/g in water-holding capacity, 0.11 g/g in oil-holding capacity, 0.97 mL/g in swelling power, 44.26% in DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and 0.74 in total reducing power. Relative to P-120, SGP-3 showed increases of 17.5 points in overall sensory score, 3.17 in whiteness, and 21.68% in pasting transparency. However, the final viscosity of SGP-3 decreased by 288 mPa·s and 2097.33 mPa·s compared to P-120 and KS, respectively. Analyses such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the enhanced quality of the superfine powder was largely attributable to its finer and more uniform particle size. However, the intensification of starch damage and the destruction of crystalline structure during the ultrafine grinding process could also lead to a decrease in its final viscosity. In conclusion, Pueraria thomsonii whole powder exhibits superior functional properties compared to kudzu starch, and superfine grinding can effectively improve its edible quality.

, authors=Zihao TANG1, 2, Lingluo HE1, 2, Wenqi LI1, 2, Shangwen TANG1, 2, *, Chuanju LIU1, 2, *, Jinju WU1, 2, Weihua LI3, Ying YANG3, authorsList=Zihao TANG, Lingluo HE, Wenqi LI, Shangwen TANG, Chuanju LIU, Jinju WU, Weihua LI, Ying YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shangwen TANG, Chuanju LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320175780412375285, articleId=1320175778151645411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=超微粉碎对葛全粉品质特性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用干法冲击式超微粉碎机制备了三种超微葛全粉(Superfine grinding of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder,SGP;分别编号为SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3),将其与锤式旋风磨制备的葛全粉(编号P-120)及水提法精制的葛根淀粉(kudzu starch,KS)进行对比,系统探究超微粉碎对葛全粉理化特性、感官品质、功能成分及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,SGP-2和SGP-3的D90分别为19.60 μm和19.16 μm,均达到超微粉(<20 μm)级别;其中SGP-3的总黄酮、持水力、持油力、膨胀力、DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力分别比KS提升了317.66 mg/kg、0.12 g/g、0.11 g/g、0.97 mL/g、44.26%和0.74,感官总评分、白度和糊化液透光率分别比P-120提升了17.5分、3.17和21.68%;但SGP-3的最终黏度相对于P-120和KS分别降低了288.00 mPa·s和2097.33 mPa·s。扫描电子显微镜等测试表明,超微葛全粉较小且均一的粒径是其品质提升的主要原因,但超微粉碎过程中淀粉损伤的加剧和结晶结构的破坏亦会造成其最终黏度下降。综上,葛全粉比葛根淀粉具有更好的功能特性,而超微粉碎能有效改善葛全粉的食用品质。

, authors=唐梓豪1, 2, 何玲萝1, 2, 李文琦1, 2, 汤尚文1, 2, *, 刘传菊1, 2, *, 吴进菊1, 2, 李卫华3, 杨莹3, authorsList=唐梓豪, 何玲萝, 李文琦, 汤尚文, 刘传菊, 吴进菊, 李卫华, 杨莹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=汤尚文, 刘传菊, authorNote=

唐梓豪(2004−),男,本科,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
汤尚文(1983−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
刘传菊(1982−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=h7k8gbNR1DqFqi5ctI5sJw==, magXml=jvixXAF8VywbcLzzZ1+xSQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=7Wg9OU4kSM1+kxDKFlLNXQ==, pdfFileSize=3107270, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=EyMvaLZ+8QxktwetFHMUtQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xshiPPvYkXgg2nBHKBGWyA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320175781087658241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=tangswhbuas@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320175781184127236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, authorId=1320175781087658241, language=EN, stringName=Zihao TANG, firstName=Zihao, middleName=null, lastName=TANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2023, 14(16): 250−258., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320175791460172159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU Meng, ZHANG Binjia, JIA Caihua, et al. Multi-scale structures and pasting characteristics of starch in whole-wheat flour treated by superfine grinding[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2017, 104: 837−845., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320175791518892416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU M, HOU G, LEE B, et al. Effects of fine grinding of millfeeds on the quality attributes of reconstituted whole-wheat flour and its raw noodle products[J]. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2014, 57(1): 58−64., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320175791598584193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUMAR Y, SINGH L, SHARANAGAT V S, et al. Effect of microwave treatment (low power and varying time) on potato starch: Microstructure, thermo-functional, pasting and rheological properties[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 155: 27−35., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320175791665693058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=da SILVA TIMM N, CORADI P C, LANG G H, et al. Effects of drying temperature of corn from the center and extremities of the corncob on morphology and technological, thermal, and pasting properties of isolated starch[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2023, 336: 111215., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320175791741190531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Junying, WU Ming, WU Chenchen, et al. Effect of ultrafine grinding on the structure and physical properties of pregelatinized rice starch[J]. Journal of Food Science, 2024, 89(9): 5503−5516., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320175780798251254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175780806639863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, companyId=1320175780798251254, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175780823417080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, companyId=1320175780798251254, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1湖北文理学院食品科学与化学工程学院,湖北襄阳 441053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320175780924080378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175780932468987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, companyId=1320175780924080378, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Xiangyang 441053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175780940857596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, companyId=1320175780924080378, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2湖北省食品配料工程技术研究中心,湖北襄阳 441053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320175780995383549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175781003772158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, companyId=1320175780995383549, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Xiangyang Public Inspection and Testing Center, Xiangyang 441001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320175781012160767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, companyId=1320175780995383549, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3襄阳市公共检验检测中心,湖北襄阳 441001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320175785726558520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Particle size distribution of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder, figureFileSmall=Vm8TuBDdXNzFklOXKtYmGg==, figureFileBig=EyMvaLZ+8QxktwetFHMUtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175785806250297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=图1, caption=葛全粉的粒度分布, figureFileSmall=Vm8TuBDdXNzFklOXKtYmGg==, figureFileBig=EyMvaLZ+8QxktwetFHMUtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175785999188282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=SEM image of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder, figureFileSmall=B6oLq2bIa+dSJKvSgfGSrw==, figureFileBig=8ZHPYibmw0XpQXOUGiv3iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786070491451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=图2, caption=葛全粉的SEM图

注:图中从左往右放大倍数依次为500倍、1000倍和2000倍。

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注:图中不同小写字母代表样品间差异显著(P<0.05);图4~图6、图8同。

, figureFileSmall=eneQmyGelEPUAQbxgQQzuw==, figureFileBig=3nacf9Ipy5YX3nE+YGvJTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786284400958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Hydration characteristics and tapping density of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder, figureFileSmall=5xQEt2xEbOjhk03gGjGb3A==, figureFileBig=PBeorg6DKqwwHUXclhjPKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786359898431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=图4, caption=葛全粉的水合特性和振实密度, figureFileSmall=5xQEt2xEbOjhk03gGjGb3A==, figureFileBig=PBeorg6DKqwwHUXclhjPKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786456367424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of ultrafine grinding on the chemical composition of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder, figureFileSmall=DhdN9Pb9SBd1yseq5tSPEg==, figureFileBig=QkH3JqC5o2/UnAKX8LqNdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786536059201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=图5, caption=超微粉碎对葛全粉化学组成的影响, figureFileSmall=DhdN9Pb9SBd1yseq5tSPEg==, figureFileBig=QkH3JqC5o2/UnAKX8LqNdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786695442754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of ultrafine grinding on the antioxidant properties of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder, figureFileSmall=rc03INmguw09jOeNbX0PFQ==, figureFileBig=ygEDGuOS5y0cTy4Hhw6xZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786783523139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=图6, caption=超微粉碎对葛全粉抗氧化特性的影响, figureFileSmall=rc03INmguw09jOeNbX0PFQ==, figureFileBig=ygEDGuOS5y0cTy4Hhw6xZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786846437700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of ultrafine grinding on pasting (A) and thermal (B) characteristics of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder, figureFileSmall=vuTSwDmN9TeqP9VbunhsrQ==, figureFileBig=Pqj+rlIiuqEzQurSVr5fdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786926129477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=图7, caption=超微粉碎对葛全粉糊化特性(A)和热特性(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=vuTSwDmN9TeqP9VbunhsrQ==, figureFileBig=Pqj+rlIiuqEzQurSVr5fdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175786989044038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of ultrafine grinding on the molecular and crystal structure of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder, figureFileSmall=UE2/JqJ1ms5yMSPCAEz9Cg==, figureFileBig=UTAOnVVLb3tD4j/IxMjVBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175787043569991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=图8, caption=超微粉碎对葛全粉分子与晶体结构的影响, figureFileSmall=UE2/JqJ1ms5yMSPCAEz9Cg==, figureFileBig=UTAOnVVLb3tD4j/IxMjVBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175787123261768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官因素评语集
优V1(40~50分)良V2(30~39分)中V3(20~29分)差V4(10~19分)极差V5(0~9分)
A1外观有光泽;透明度高;黏稠;
无明显颗粒物
有一定光泽;透明度较好;较为黏稠;有少量颗粒物光泽一般;透明度一般,有一定黏稠度;有较多颗粒物无光泽;透明度较差,黏稠度低;有大量颗粒物暗淡无光;透明度差;黏
稠度很低;有大量颗粒物
A2口感口感细腻润滑,浓稠;无异常滋味口感细腻,有浓稠感;
无异常滋味
口感细腻度一般,浓稠感一般;无异常滋味有颗粒感,浓稠感较弱;有细微异常滋味颗粒感较强,浓稠感弱;
有异常滋味
A3气味香气协调;有葛根特有香气;无异味有葛根特有香气;无异味有一定的葛根特有香气;
无异味
葛根特有香气较弱;气味不协调无葛根特有香气;有异味
), ArticleFig(id=1320175787177787721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

葛根全粉的感官评定标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官因素评语集
优V1(40~50分)良V2(30~39分)中V3(20~29分)差V4(10~19分)极差V5(0~9分)
A1外观有光泽;透明度高;黏稠;
无明显颗粒物
有一定光泽;透明度较好;较为黏稠;有少量颗粒物光泽一般;透明度一般,有一定黏稠度;有较多颗粒物无光泽;透明度较差,黏稠度低;有大量颗粒物暗淡无光;透明度差;黏
稠度很低;有大量颗粒物
A2口感口感细腻润滑,浓稠;无异常滋味口感细腻,有浓稠感;
无异常滋味
口感细腻度一般,浓稠感一般;无异常滋味有颗粒感,浓稠感较弱;有细微异常滋味颗粒感较强,浓稠感弱;
有异常滋味
A3气味香气协调;有葛根特有香气;无异味有葛根特有香气;无异味有一定的葛根特有香气;
无异味
葛根特有香气较弱;气味不协调无葛根特有香气;有异味
), ArticleFig(id=1320175787265868106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Particle size parameters of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder

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样品D10(μm)D50(μm)D90(μm)D[4,3](μm)D[3,2](μm)比表面积(m2/g)Span
P-1207.42±0.05a33.42±1.20a257.80±3.42a88.02±1.19a19.02±0.20a197.14±2.24d7.50±0.32a
SGP-15.37±0.02c11.62±0.16c28.20±1.61c18.30±4.41c9.95±0.12c376.54±4.76b1.96±0.12c
SGP-24.88±0.01d9.88±0.03d19.60±0.16d11.22±0.08d8.56±0.03d438.28±1.29a1.49±0.01d
SGP-34.90±0.01d9.67±0.04d19.16±0.32d11.02±0.08d8.50±0.03d441.12±1.43a1.47±0.03d
KS6.11±0.10b13.38±0.38b59.52±2.83b36.20±2.45b11.86±0.27b316.92±6.89c3.99±0.16b
), ArticleFig(id=1320175787337171275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

葛全粉的粒度参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品D10(μm)D50(μm)D90(μm)D[4,3](μm)D[3,2](μm)比表面积(m2/g)Span
P-1207.42±0.05a33.42±1.20a257.80±3.42a88.02±1.19a19.02±0.20a197.14±2.24d7.50±0.32a
SGP-15.37±0.02c11.62±0.16c28.20±1.61c18.30±4.41c9.95±0.12c376.54±4.76b1.96±0.12c
SGP-24.88±0.01d9.88±0.03d19.60±0.16d11.22±0.08d8.56±0.03d438.28±1.29a1.49±0.01d
SGP-34.90±0.01d9.67±0.04d19.16±0.32d11.02±0.08d8.50±0.03d441.12±1.43a1.47±0.03d
KS6.11±0.10b13.38±0.38b59.52±2.83b36.20±2.45b11.86±0.27b316.92±6.89c3.99±0.16b
), ArticleFig(id=1320175787416863052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensory evaluation of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品A1外观A2口感A3气味A总评
P-12019.00±6.32d16.00±6.54d18.83±3.76b17.77±5.26c
SGP-130.17±3.76bc24.50±8.98cd31.67±6.50a28.20±4.43b
SGP-227.50±7.34c26.67±9.99bc36.67±5.13a29.00±7.07b
SGP-334.83±4.26ab35.50±6.89ab35.67±7.09a35.27±4.44a
KS40.33±3.27a41.17±6.94a16.67±5.68b35.93±3.58a
), ArticleFig(id=1320175787488166221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

葛全粉的感官评定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品A1外观A2口感A3气味A总评
P-12019.00±6.32d16.00±6.54d18.83±3.76b17.77±5.26c
SGP-130.17±3.76bc24.50±8.98cd31.67±6.50a28.20±4.43b
SGP-227.50±7.34c26.67±9.99bc36.67±5.13a29.00±7.07b
SGP-334.83±4.26ab35.50±6.89ab35.67±7.09a35.27±4.44a
KS40.33±3.27a41.17±6.94a16.67±5.68b35.93±3.58a
), ArticleFig(id=1320175787555275086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Pasting and thermal parameters of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品峰值黏度(mPa·s)谷值黏度(mPa·s)崩解值(mPa·s)最终黏度(mPa·s)回生值(mPa·s)峰值时间(min)起糊温度(℃)
P-1201222.33±26.84b989.00±22.87b233.33±4.04b1346.67±36.67b357.67±13.80b5.47±0.07a87.00±0.91bc
SGP-11033.67±23.18c810.67±12.10c223.00±11.27bc1094.67±14.47c284.00±3.00c5.49±0.03a88.05±0.44ab
SGP-21010.33±14.36c801.33±9.07c209.00±6.56c1082.33±15.82c281.00±8.89c5.53±0.00a88.88±0.92a
SGP-3997.00±9.17c777.67±8.08c219.33±6.11bc1058.67±7.51c281.00±7.81c5.45±0.04a88.02±0.49ab
KS3240.00±12.53a1986.00±2.65a1254.00±10.54a3156.00±4.58a1170.00±6.56a5.07±0.00b85.60±0.00c
样品To(℃)TP1(℃)TP2(℃)Tc(℃)∆T(℃)∆H(J/g)
P-12070.90±0.21a74.74±0.73b87.06±0.21a93.15±0.15a22.26±0.36a7.09±0.39a
SGP-169.77±0.41ab74.66±0.44b86.37±0.90c93.59±0.69a23.82±0.31a6.84±0.78ab
SGP-270.23±0.21ab75.03±0.09b87.01±0.39b93.18±0.17a22.95±0.05a6.08±0.28bc
SGP-370.00±0.04ab75.03±0.21b85.97±0.13d93.01±0.53a23.01±0.51a6.49±0.39ab
KS68.99±1.84b76.23±0.10a/82.37±0.49b13.38±2.30b5.29±0.53c
), ArticleFig(id=1320175787647549775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175778151645411, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

葛全粉的糊化参数和热力学参数

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样品峰值黏度(mPa·s)谷值黏度(mPa·s)崩解值(mPa·s)最终黏度(mPa·s)回生值(mPa·s)峰值时间(min)起糊温度(℃)
P-1201222.33±26.84b989.00±22.87b233.33±4.04b1346.67±36.67b357.67±13.80b5.47±0.07a87.00±0.91bc
SGP-11033.67±23.18c810.67±12.10c223.00±11.27bc1094.67±14.47c284.00±3.00c5.49±0.03a88.05±0.44ab
SGP-21010.33±14.36c801.33±9.07c209.00±6.56c1082.33±15.82c281.00±8.89c5.53±0.00a88.88±0.92a
SGP-3997.00±9.17c777.67±8.08c219.33±6.11bc1058.67±7.51c281.00±7.81c5.45±0.04a88.02±0.49ab
KS3240.00±12.53a1986.00±2.65a1254.00±10.54a3156.00±4.58a1170.00±6.56a5.07±0.00b85.60±0.00c
样品To(℃)TP1(℃)TP2(℃)Tc(℃)∆T(℃)∆H(J/g)
P-12070.90±0.21a74.74±0.73b87.06±0.21a93.15±0.15a22.26±0.36a7.09±0.39a
SGP-169.77±0.41ab74.66±0.44b86.37±0.90c93.59±0.69a23.82±0.31a6.84±0.78ab
SGP-270.23±0.21ab75.03±0.09b87.01±0.39b93.18±0.17a22.95±0.05a6.08±0.28bc
SGP-370.00±0.04ab75.03±0.21b85.97±0.13d93.01±0.53a23.01±0.51a6.49±0.39ab
KS68.99±1.84b76.23±0.10a/82.37±0.49b13.38±2.30b5.29±0.53c
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超微粉碎对葛全粉品质特性的影响
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唐梓豪 1, 2 , 何玲萝 1, 2 , 李文琦 1, 2 , 汤尚文 1, 2, * , 刘传菊 1, 2, * , 吴进菊 1, 2 , 李卫华 3 , 杨莹 3
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(12): 75-85
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (12) : 75 -85
超微粉碎对葛全粉品质特性的影响
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唐梓豪1, 2 , 何玲萝1, 2, 李文琦1, 2, 汤尚文1, 2, * , 刘传菊1, 2, * , 吴进菊1, 2, 李卫华3, 杨莹3
作者信息
  • 1湖北文理学院食品科学与化学工程学院,湖北襄阳 441053
  • 2湖北省食品配料工程技术研究中心,湖北襄阳 441053
  • 3襄阳市公共检验检测中心,湖北襄阳 441001
通讯作者:
汤尚文(1983−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
刘传菊(1982−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
作者简介:

唐梓豪(2004−),男,本科,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

Effects of Superfine Grinding on the Quality Characteristics of Pueraria thomsonii Whole Powder
Zihao TANG1, 2 , Lingluo HE1, 2, Wenqi LI1, 2, Shangwen TANG1, 2, * , Chuanju LIU1, 2, * , Jinju WU1, 2, Weihua LI3, Ying YANG3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
  • 2Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Xiangyang 441053, China
  • 3Xiangyang Public Inspection and Testing Center, Xiangyang 441001, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050269
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采用干法冲击式超微粉碎机制备了三种超微葛全粉(Superfine grinding of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder,SGP;分别编号为SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3),将其与锤式旋风磨制备的葛全粉(编号P-120)及水提法精制的葛根淀粉(kudzu starch,KS)进行对比,系统探究超微粉碎对葛全粉理化特性、感官品质、功能成分及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,SGP-2和SGP-3的D90分别为19.60 μm和19.16 μm,均达到超微粉(<20 μm)级别;其中SGP-3的总黄酮、持水力、持油力、膨胀力、DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力分别比KS提升了317.66 mg/kg、0.12 g/g、0.11 g/g、0.97 mL/g、44.26%和0.74,感官总评分、白度和糊化液透光率分别比P-120提升了17.5分、3.17和21.68%;但SGP-3的最终黏度相对于P-120和KS分别降低了288.00 mPa·s和2097.33 mPa·s。扫描电子显微镜等测试表明,超微葛全粉较小且均一的粒径是其品质提升的主要原因,但超微粉碎过程中淀粉损伤的加剧和结晶结构的破坏亦会造成其最终黏度下降。综上,葛全粉比葛根淀粉具有更好的功能特性,而超微粉碎能有效改善葛全粉的食用品质。

葛全粉  /  超微粉碎  /  品质特性  /  粒径  /  晶体结构

Three types of superfine Pueraria thomsonii whole powder (designated SGP-1, SGP-2, and SGP-3) were prepared using a dry impact superfine grinder and compared with the Pueraria thomsonii whole powder prepared by a hammer cyclone mill (designated P-120) and the refined kudzu starch obtained by water extraction (designated KS). The effects of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties, sensory quality, functional components, and antioxidant activity of the whole powder were systematically investigated. Results showed that SGP-2 and SGP-3 achieved particle size D90 values of 19.60 μm and 19.16 μm, respectively, both meeting the criteria for superfine powders (<20 μm). Compared with KS, SGP-3 exhibited increases of 317.66 mg/kg in total flavonoid content, 0.12 g/g in water-holding capacity, 0.11 g/g in oil-holding capacity, 0.97 mL/g in swelling power, 44.26% in DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and 0.74 in total reducing power. Relative to P-120, SGP-3 showed increases of 17.5 points in overall sensory score, 3.17 in whiteness, and 21.68% in pasting transparency. However, the final viscosity of SGP-3 decreased by 288 mPa·s and 2097.33 mPa·s compared to P-120 and KS, respectively. Analyses such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the enhanced quality of the superfine powder was largely attributable to its finer and more uniform particle size. However, the intensification of starch damage and the destruction of crystalline structure during the ultrafine grinding process could also lead to a decrease in its final viscosity. In conclusion, Pueraria thomsonii whole powder exhibits superior functional properties compared to kudzu starch, and superfine grinding can effectively improve its edible quality.

Pueraria thomsonii whole powder  /  ultrafine grinding  /  quality characteristics  /  particle size  /  crystal structure
唐梓豪, 何玲萝, 李文琦, 汤尚文, 刘传菊, 吴进菊, 李卫华, 杨莹. 超微粉碎对葛全粉品质特性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 75 -85 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050269
Zihao TANG, Lingluo HE, Wenqi LI, Shangwen TANG, Chuanju LIU, Jinju WU, Weihua LI, Ying YANG. Effects of Superfine Grinding on the Quality Characteristics of Pueraria thomsonii Whole Powder[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 75 -85 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050269
葛根固体饮料因富含葛根素等功能性成分,具有解酒护肝、抗氧化、抗炎、防治心脑血管病等功效而受到消费者青睐[1]。葛根固体饮料目前有两大类,一类是从葛根中提取淀粉,辅以甜味剂等辅料制备而成;另一类是将新鲜葛根经切片、漂烫、护色、干燥等工艺脱水后,再经粉碎、过筛制备为葛全粉[2]。
与葛根淀粉相比较,葛全粉具有功能性成分含量高、制备工艺简单和资源利用程度高等优点,但葛全粉因含有大量植物纤维和细胞壁亦会造成色泽暗淡、口感粗糙、冲调黏度下降等缺陷。为改善葛全粉的食用品质,研究人员通常从护色和干燥两个工艺环节入手开展系列研究。如钱籽霖等[3]以氯化钠、异抗坏血酸钠和柠檬酸组成护色剂,制备的葛全粉具有良好的溶解性、乳化能力及冻融稳定性;韦柳燕[4]以柠檬酸、抗坏血酸和氯化钙组成护色剂制备了葛全粉,但其产品需加入海藻酸钠和黄原胶增稠;吴琼[5]考察了热风干燥、真空干燥和冷冻干燥三种干燥方式对葛全粉品质的影响,以干燥时间、主要营养成分、碘蓝值、色差值、抗氧化物质含量、感官评分等指标进行综合评分,发现真空干燥得分最高。通过优化护色剂配方和干燥工艺,可以有效改善葛全粉的色泽,适当提升其黏度,但其口感的提升相当有限。在葛全粉加工过程中,粉碎工艺通常是较为被忽视的一个环节。传统的粉碎工艺通常采用机械剪切或研磨的方式将干燥的葛根片破碎后采用筛分方式对其粒度进行分级控制,但普通的粉碎方式往往粉碎比很低,且对于韧性较强的植物纤维和细胞壁的粉碎效果有限,在后续筛分分级时粉状物料极难过筛,造成物料粒度分布不均匀,从而影响粉碎物料的理化特性。
超微粉碎近些年被广泛应用于食品加工领域,其具有粉碎比高、粉碎速度快、粒度分布均匀,能有效改善食品的加工特性、营养和感官品质等系列优势[6−7]。LIANG等[8]采用超微粉碎技术改变了麸皮颗粒形态,降低了颗粒尺寸和表面粗糙度,显著提高了总酚含量和抗氧化特性;JIANG等[9]采用超微粉碎技术处理黑小麦,结果显示超微粉碎的黑小麦全粉抗氧化活性提升了1.6倍;HUANG等[10]采用超微粉碎处理荞麦淀粉,发现透光率、膨胀力、溶解度和保水性均显著提升。
鉴于超微粉碎技术在提升食品功能特性、改善食品感官等方面的潜能,本文拟采用超微粉碎技术加工葛全粉,比较粉碎方式和粒径对葛全粉理化特性的影响,为葛全粉深加工提供借鉴。
新鲜粉葛 湖北葛百岁葛业有限公司提供;直链淀粉标准品、支链淀粉标准品 上海麦克林生物科技有限公司;无水乙醇、乙酸、铁氰化钾 分析纯,西陇科学股份有限公司;氢氧化钾、硝酸铝 分析纯,福晨(天津)化学试剂有限公司;芦丁标准品 生化试剂,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;醋酸钾、磷酸氢二钠 分析纯,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;DPPH试剂盒 苏州科铭生物技术有限公司;磷酸二氢钠 分析纯,洛阳市化学试剂厂;三氯乙酸、三氯化铁 分析纯,天津市大茂化学试剂厂;溴化钾 分析纯,天津市致远化学试剂有限公司;实验用水为超纯水。
MS-70快速水分测定仪 日本A&D有限责任公司;MASTERSIZER 3000E激光粒度仪 英国马尔文仪器有限公司;MIRA LMS扫描电子显微镜 泰思肯贸易(上海)有限公司;UltraScan PRO色度仪 上海信联创作电子有限公司;UV-1800紫外可见分光光度计、IRPrestige-2傅里叶红外光谱分析仪 岛津仪器(苏州)有限公司;RVA-Tec Master快速黏度分析仪 波通瑞华科学仪器(北京)有限公司;AQ20差示量热扫描仪 TA仪器(沃特世科技(上海)有限公司);SmartLab SE X射线衍射仪 日本理学公司;LC-WB-2+磁力搅拌水浴锅 上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司;KS-7200E超声波清洗器 昆山洁力美超声仪器有限公司;TDL-60B离心机 上海安亭科学仪器厂;ME204E电子天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司;CWF-300S型超微粉碎机 温州顶历医疗器械有限公司;JXFM110锤式旋风磨 杭州大吉光电仪器有限公司;SBC-12小型离子溅射仪 北京中科科仪股份有限公司。
超微粉碎葛全粉(Superfine grinding of Pueraria thomsonii whole powder,SGP):粉葛→原料挑选→清洗→去皮→切片→护色→漂烫→热风干燥→超微粉碎→葛全粉。
葛全粉制备工艺要点:切片厚度为3 mm;按柠檬酸0.8%、亚硫酸氢钠0.05%、氧化钠0.4%配制护色液,切制好的粉葛片置于护色液中浸泡15 min后置于80 ℃热水中漂烫30 s;热风干燥温度为55 ℃,干燥时间8 h,直至水分含量≤12%。
葛根淀粉(kudzu starch,KS):粉葛→原料挑选→清洗→去皮→切片→打浆→胶体磨研磨→过滤→沉淀→碱洗→二次沉淀→去杂→洗涤→离心→低温烘干→葛根淀粉。
葛根淀粉制备工艺要点:配制0.1% NaOH溶液进行碱洗,搅拌浸泡6 h;碱洗后进行二次沉淀,去除上清液,刮去沉淀层表面浅黄色黏稠物料,再用清水洗涤沉淀层,重复沉淀、去杂、清洗三次,最后清洗时直至洗涤液pH为7;之后5000 r/min离心20 min,去除上清液后沉淀置于烘箱平铺,50 ℃烘干24 h后备用。
通过调节超微粉碎机细度调节手柄至30%、60%和90%处(该设备为干法冲击式超微粉碎设备,细度调节手柄无刻度标识,通过拧动手柄由松到紧控制爪齿盘间隙使粉碎强度逐渐增加),分别制备SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3三个系列的超微粉;采用锤式旋风磨(16800 r/min,0.8 mm筛板)替代超微粉碎机制备葛全粉,粉碎后过120目筛网,编号P-120。
采用激光颗粒粒度仪对样品粒径进行测定。测量模式为干法,遮光度0.1%~10%,分析模型为球形通用模型,D[4,3]和D[3,2]分别为体积平均径和面积平均径,采用下式计算离散度(Span)[9],Span用来表征颗粒尺寸分布宽度:
$ \text{Span}=\frac{\text{D}90-\text{D}10}{\text{D}50} $
式中:D10、D50和D90分别为体积分布10%、50%和90%时对应的粒径。
采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品颗粒形貌进行观测。样品均匀涂抹于导电胶上,采用离子溅射仪喷金后进行测试,电压5000 eV,在500×、1000×和2000×下拍照。
取一定量样品粉末置于色度仪比色皿中,轻磕比色皿底部,振实粉末后采用色度仪测试。测量模式为全反射模式,用标准白板(L*=100、a*=0、b*=0)对色度仪进行校正,白度值(W)按下式计算[11]:
$ {{\mathrm{W}}}=100-\sqrt{{(100-{{{L}}^{\text{*}}})}^{2}+{{a}}^{\text{*}{2}}+{{b}}^{\text{*}{2}}} $
式中:L*为明亮程度,a*为红绿值,b*为黄蓝值。
称取1 g淀粉(干基)和100 mL纯水于100 mL带盖试剂瓶中,在沸水浴中振荡加热糊化1 h,冷却至室温后将糊化液置于色度仪比色皿中,测量模式为透射模式,波长范围为400~800 nm,用纯水校正色度仪,读取样品透光率(T,%)。
称取12.00 g样品,加入50 mL纯水充分搅拌直至无明显颗粒状。之后边搅拌边加入150 mL沸水,充分搅拌直至无团块且完全糊化,如未完全糊化,可置于沸水浴中加热搅拌,直至完全糊化,冷却至常温后进行感官评定。采用模糊感官评价法进行评定,参考郑敏[12]的方法略作改进。选取经培训的10名评定人员,按表1标准进行评定。感官因素A1、A2和A3分别为葛根粉冲调后的外观、口感和气味;A1、A2和A3的权重分别为0.4、0.4和0.2;评语集对应的感官评分为优V1(40~50分)、良V2(30~39分)、中V3(20~29分)、差V4(10~19分)和极差V5(0~9分)。
称取0.5 g左右样品置于15 mL 离心管中,向其加入纯水或大豆油10 mL。室温条件下持续振荡30 min后静置24 h,之后5000 r/min离心20 min,弃去上清液保留沉淀,按下式计算样品的WHC和OHC[8]。
$ \text{WHC}=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{3}}-{\text{m}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}} $
$ \text{OHC}=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{3}}-{\text{m}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}} $
式中:m1为样品干重,g;m2为样品和离心管的总重量,g;m3为离心后离心管与沉淀的总重量,g。
称取0.1 g 样品,置于15 mL离心管中,加入10 mL水后充分振荡均匀,沸水浴中糊化30 min,冷却至室温后5000 r/min离心20 min,倒出上清液至铝盒中,铝盒转移至烘箱105 ℃ 烘干至恒重,按下式计算WSI[13]。
$ \text{WSI}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{3}}-{\text{m}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}}\times 100 $
式中:m1为样品干重,g;m2为铝盒烘干后重量,g;m3为铝盒中上清液烘干恒重后总重量,g。
称取2.0 g的样品至20 mL量筒中,上下振动量筒直至样品振实后体积不再变化,之后向量筒中加入15 mL纯水充分振荡均匀,于室温下放置24 h,按下式计算SC和TD[13−14]。
$ \text{SC}=\frac{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}-{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}} $
$ \text{TD}=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}} $
式中:m1为样品干重,g;V1为样品振实后读取的体积,mL;V2为样品在量筒水溶液中沉降24 h后的体积,mL。
称取0.1 g样品,置于15 mL玻璃刻度管中,加入10 mL纯水,充分振荡均匀后,沸水浴中糊化30 min,室温下静置48 h后,按下式计算凝沉性[15]。
$ \text{C}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}\times 100 $
式中:V1为冷却至室温糊化液的体积,mL;V2为静置48 h后刻度管中上清液的体积,mL。
采用快速水分测定仪进行测定,测定温度105 ℃,测试终点设置为0.002%/min[16]。
参考何洁等[17]的方法略作修改,采用双波长法同时测定直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量。分别称取100 mg直链淀粉和支链淀粉标准品于烧杯中,加入1 mL无水乙醇和9 mL氢氧化钾溶液(1 mol/L)置于沸水浴中加热10 min,冷却后转移至100 mL容量瓶用水定容至刻度,得到1 mg/mL的直链淀粉和支链淀粉标准溶液母液。分别吸取24 mL和6 mL的支链淀粉和直链淀粉标准溶液母液混合均匀,形成4:1的混合标准溶液。分别吸取混合标准溶液0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0 mL置于50 mL容量瓶中,分别加入氢氧化钾溶液(0.09 mol/L)8.0、7.5、7.0、6.0、4.0、0 mL及2 mL乙酸溶液(1 mol/L),1 mL碘试剂(2%),用水定容至50 mL。溶液中支链淀粉浓度为:0、8、16、32、64、128 μg/mL;直链淀粉浓度为:0、2、4、8、16、32 μg/mL。采用分光光度计分别用0 μg/mL支链淀粉和直链淀粉溶液调零,在波长427 nm(λ1)、535 nm(λ2)、630 nm(λ3)、757 nm(λ4)处测定系列标准溶液的吸光值,分别记为Aλ1、Aλ2、Aλ3、Aλ4,即得ΔA支=Aλ2−Aλ4、ΔA直=Aλ3−Aλ1。分别以ΔA支和ΔA直为纵坐标,支链淀粉和直链淀粉浓度为横坐标,绘制双波长支链淀粉(y=0.0061x+0.0095,R2=0.9995)、直链淀粉(y=0.0158x+0.0022,R2=0.9986)标准曲线。称取100 mg样品按前述方法加入无水乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液定容至100 mL后,取2 mL样品溶液依次加入乙酸溶液和碘试剂定容至50 mL,用分光光度计在不同波长下测定其吸光度后代入标准曲线计算。试样中支链淀粉和直链淀粉含量(以干基计)分别按下式计算,总淀粉为直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量之和:
$ \text{X}_1=\frac{\text{C}_1\times50\times\text{D}}{\text{m}\times(1-\text{x}_0)\times1000}\times100 $
$ \text{X}_2=\frac{\text{C}_2\times50\times\text{D}}{\text{m}\times(1-\text{x}_0)\times1000}\times100 $
式中:X1为样品中支链淀粉含量,%;X2为样品中直链淀粉含量,%;x0为样品的水分含量,%;C1为查标准曲线得样品中支链淀粉的浓度(μg/mL);C2为查标准曲线得样品中直链淀粉的浓度(μg/mL);D为分取倍数;m为称取的样品质量(mg);50为混合标准溶液定容体积(mL)。
参考SN/T 4592-2016(出口食品中总黄酮的测定)方法,略作修改。吸取芦丁标准品工作溶液(1 mg/mL)0.5、1、2、3、4 mL分别置于100 mL容量瓶中。加无水乙醇至总体积为30 mL,依次加入硝酸铝溶液(100 g/L)2 mL,醋酸钾溶液(98 g/L)2 mL,摇匀后定容,系列标准溶液浓度分别为5、10、20、30、40 μg/mL。静置1 h后于420 nm处,以30%乙醇溶液为空白,测定吸光度绘制标准曲线(y=0.0296x−0.0012,R2=0.9999)。取2.0 g样品(干重)置于25 mL比色管中,加入70%乙醇溶液10 mL,充分振荡均匀,置于沸水浴中充分糊化30 min,之后取出置于超声清洗仪中超声30 min,用70%乙醇定容至25 mL后离心。取上清液5.0 mL,置于25 mL比色管中,加无水乙醇至总体积为7.5 mL,依次加入硝酸铝溶液0.5 mL,醋酸钾溶液0.5 mL,摇匀后定容至25 mL。静置1 h后以空白试液为参比于420 nm处测定吸光度,查标准曲线求出样品溶液中总黄酮浓度。样品中总黄酮含量按下式计算:
$ \text{X}=\frac{\text{m}\times 5}{\text{W}} $
式中:X为总黄酮含量,mg/kg;m为由标准曲线查出的比色液中总黄酮折算为芦丁的浓度,μg/mL;W为样品的质量,g。
取2.0 g样品(干重)置于25 mL比色管中,加入70%乙醇溶液10 mL,充分振荡均匀,置于沸水浴中充分糊化30 min,之后取出置于超声清洗仪中超声30 min,用70%乙醇定容至25 mL后离心取上清液进行测试。测试过程按试剂盒说明书进行(纯水调零,测定波长515 nm),DPPH自由基清除率按下式计算。
$ \text{DPPH}自由基清除率 (\text{%})=\frac{{\text{A}}_{0}-{\text{A}}_{1}}{{\text{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:A1为样品上清液与试剂盒中试剂一混合均匀后的吸光度;A0为试剂盒中提取液为空白对照测得的吸光度。
按DPPH测试中的方法制备样品溶液,取1 mL离心后的上清液,加入2.5 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(0.2 mol/L、pH6.6),2.5 mL铁氰化钾溶液(1%),振荡均匀后于避光处50 ℃反应30 min。之后加入2.5 mL三氯乙酸溶液(10%)振荡混匀,5000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液2.5 mL。继续加入0.5 mL FeCl3溶液(0.1%)和2.5 mL纯水,振荡混匀后静置10 min,在700 nm处以纯水为参比测定吸光度。用纯水替代样品溶液做空白,按上述流程处理后测吸光度。样品还原力按下式计算:
$总还原力={\text{A}}_{1}-{\text{A}}_{2} $
式中:A1为样品吸光度;A2为空白吸光度。
称取2.5 g样品(干基)置于RVA测试用铝筒,加入25 g纯水后用搅拌桨混匀迅速上机测试。测试程序如下:桨叶以960 r/min旋转10 s,之后减速至160 r/min,浆料先在50 ℃下平衡1 min,然后以12 ℃/min的速率加热至95 ℃,在95 ℃保持2.5 min,再以相同的速率冷却至50 ℃,最后在50 ℃保持2 min完成测试[2]。
称取5 mg样品置于DSC测试用坩埚,加入10 μL纯水,压盖后置于4 ℃冰箱中平衡24 h后上机测试。用空坩埚作参照进行测试,升温速率5 ℃/min,扫描范围为30~120 ℃,吹扫氮气50 mL/min[18]。
取2 mg待检测样品与200 mg KBr于研钵中混合研磨均匀后采用压片机压片。测试模式为Absorption;扫描波段4000~400 cm−1;分辨率4 cm−1;样品扫描32次。
操作电压40 kV,电流30 mA,以Cu作为靶。取样品置于样品架上,扫描速率10°/min,收集衍射角2θ在5°~60°范围的衍射数据,得到XRD图谱。参考HE等[19]的方法,取5°~30°范围内衍射数据采用Origin 2021取基线,相对结晶度(Relative crystallinity,Rc,%)按下式计算:
$ {\text{R}}_{\text{c}}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{c}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{c}}+{\text{A}}_{\text{a}}}\times 100 $
式中:Ac为XRD曲线下结晶区面积;Aa为XRD曲线下非结晶区面积。
各实验均重复测定3次;采用Origin 2021进行单因素方差分析(Tukey法,P<0.05),计算各测试值平均值、标准差和显著性并绘图;图表中不同小写字母表示组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。
图1是葛全粉和葛根淀粉的粒度分布曲线,粒度参数见表2。P-120的D90和Span值均显著高于其它样品(P<0.05),粒度曲线在3~700 μm区间呈连续多峰分布,表明其颗粒较大,且粒径分布不均匀。KS的D90和Span值显著高于SGP(P<0.05),且粒度曲线呈双峰分布,在200~700 μm出现的小峰可能是淀粉颗粒聚集成团。SGP-2和SGP-3的D90、Span值均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均显著低于SGP-1(P<0.05);此外,SGP-2和SGP-3的D90分别为19.60 μm和19.16 μm,均达到超微粉(<20 μm)级别[7],表明随着粉碎强度的增加粒径越来越小,且越来越均一。D10、D50、D90、D[4,3]和D[3,2]均显示粒径P-120>KS>SGP-1>SGP-2≈SGP-3。
图2为各样品的SEM图,图中a处为淀粉颗粒团簇,b处为破碎的纤维碎片,c处为破损的淀粉颗粒。图中显示P-120和KS均有较多的淀粉颗粒团簇,且P-120中有大块的纤维碎片;SGP-1中仍可见部分淀粉颗粒团簇和纤维碎片,但较P-120有所减少;SGP-2和SGP-3中淀粉颗粒团簇明显变少,纤维碎片变小,基本呈单分散颗粒,但破损淀粉颗粒明显增加。
粒径分析和SEM图均显示,超微粉碎对葛全粉粒径和颗粒形貌有较大影响。超微粉碎后葛全粉粒径显著降低且粒度分布更为均一,但破损淀粉亦随粉碎程度的加深而增加。XU等[20]采用气流式超微粉碎处理荞麦时亦发现随着粉碎强度的增加,荞麦淀粉颗粒的完整性被破坏,产生大量淀粉和纤维碎片,但是不同设备的粉碎强度存在极限,当颗粒粒径降低至一定程度后,再进一步增加粉碎强度对于降低物料粒径影响不大;朱爽等[21]在研究超微粉碎大麦粉时发现,随着超微粉碎强度的增加,颗粒粒径逐渐降低,且粒度分布越来越窄,这与本文观测结果一致。
葛全粉和葛根淀粉制备固体饮料时其粉体和糊化液外观是其重要的食用品质之一,消费者通常更倾向于更高的粉体白度和糊化液透光率[22]。图3为粉体外观、白度和糊化液透光率测试结果。
采用锤式旋风磨的P-120在筛分时有大量纤维状组织未能过筛,而采用超微粉碎的SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3粉体从肉眼来看与葛根淀粉(KS)和P-120无区别;白度计算结果显示SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3白度显著低于KS(P<0.05),但相较于P-120分别提升2.46、2.51和3.17,说明超微粉碎能够有效提升葛全粉的白度。LIU等[23]采用超微粉碎制备了大麦全粉,随着大麦全粉粒度的降低,白度显著增加,本文测试结果与之一致。超微粉碎后葛全粉白度的增加主要归因于颗粒均匀性提高、比表面积增大以及样品光反射表面平整[22]。
从图3糊化液外观明显可看出葛全粉(P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3)糊化液呈浅黄色,而KS糊化液颜色偏白且透明度优于葛全粉;透光率测定值则显示,P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2、SGP-3均显著低于KS(P<0.05)。葛全粉糊化液透光率低于KS主要由于非淀粉组分吸收光线,造成糊化液可见光透过率较低;此外葛全粉糊化液的浅黄色可能来自于酚类物质在水中的溶解,亦会造成透光率的下降。SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3透光率相对P-120增加了2.45%、14.15%和21.68%,说明超微粉碎能够改善葛全粉糊化液的透光率,这可能是由于超微粉碎导致淀粉颗粒受损,使得水分子更容易进入淀粉内部,帮助淀粉颗粒更好地膨胀和分散在水中,减少了光线的折射和散射,从而提高了糊化液的透光率[10,24]。
葛全粉作为固体饮料通常用沸水冲调后直接食用,冲调后糊化液的外观、口感和气味是其主要的感官品质,其感官评定结果见表3。葛全粉在A1和A2评分上均明显低于KS,这与图3中结果较为一致;在A3的评分上,P-120和KS无显著性差异,但超微粉碎的SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3则显著高于P-120和KS。超微粉碎葛全粉和KS的气味差异主要来自于酯类、酚类等非淀粉组分[12,25],经超微粉碎的葛全粉比表面积远高于P-120和KS,经冲调后挥发性风味物质的溶出率较高,因此其特有的葛根气味较为丰富。感官总评结果显示,综合外观、口感和气味,SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3总评分显著高于P-120(P<0.05);其中SGP-3总评分比P-120高出17.5分,与KS无显著性差异(P<0.05),表明超微粉碎有助于改善葛全粉的食用感官,其感官品质与葛根淀粉相当。
水合特性是葛根固体饮料重要的加工和食用品质之一。图4为葛全粉的水合特性和振实密度。图中显示P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3的WHC、SC、C和TD均显著高于KS(P<0.05),而WSI则显著低于KS(P<0.05)。葛全粉的水合特性要优于精加工的葛根淀粉KS,这可能主要归因于葛根全粉中的非淀粉组分(纤维、蛋白等)对水分和油脂有更强的浸润和吸附能力[26]。SGP-3的WHC、OHC和SC相对于KS分别高出0.12 g/g、0.11 g/g和0.97 mL/g,在作为固体饮料时一方面可吸收更多的水分,体积膨胀后可增加饱腹感,另一方面较高的OHC使其在肠道中具有一定的吸脂功能[27],说明葛全粉有作为减脂食品的潜力。
值得注意的是,P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3中随着粉碎强度的增加和粒径的降低,WHC、OHC和SC呈下降趋势,WSI和C呈上升趋势,而TD无显著性变化。SGP-3的WHC、OHC和SC相较于P-120下降0.44 g/g、0.46 g/g和0.09 mL/g;WSI和C相较于P-120上升3.96%和9.03%。WHC、OHC和SC的下降会对葛全粉的冲调性能和黏度造成不良影响,其主要原因在于葛全粉粒径降低后表面积和表面活化能增加,小颗粒表面的活性基团以氢键或范德华力等弱相互作用相互聚集,在水或油溶剂体系中水或油只能浸润团聚大颗粒表面的葛全粉,而难以与其内部相接触[28−29]。尤其在使用热水冲调时,表面颗粒迅速吸水糊化形成膜层,阻碍了内部颗粒的糊化,因而冲调时易形成团块。后续可考虑采用乳化剂等加工助剂结合造粒工艺改善超微粉的冲调性。
图5为超微粉碎对葛全粉化学组成(干基含量)的影响。图中显示P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3的直链淀粉含量(13.93%~19.05%)和总淀粉含量(77.72%~85.79%)显著低于KS(28.67%、101.37%),但支链淀粉与KS无显著性差异;总黄酮含量在359.38~426.24 mg/kg,显著高于KS的41.71 mg/kg,其中SGP-3比KS高317.66 mg/kg。葛全粉中除淀粉外还存在纤维、果胶、蛋白等大量非淀粉组分[4],因此其总淀粉含量低于水提法精制的KS;直链淀粉含量显著低于KS则是由于KS精制时采用了碱法工艺,在去除蛋白的同时,淀粉分子中的α-1,6糖苷键在低浓度碱液作用下产生降解[30],生成大量短直链分子;黄酮类化合物是葛根最为重要的功能性成分,其水溶性较差,因此在KS精制时大部分残留于非淀粉残渣和废水中[31],而葛全粉加工时不涉及提取工艺,黄酮类物质均能有效保留,因此葛全粉总黄酮含量远高于KS。
P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3随着粉碎强度的增加和粒径的降低,其直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量均无显著性变化,但总淀粉含量出现先降低后升高的趋势,总黄酮含量则持续降低。在粉碎制备葛全粉时,P-120粉碎程度较低,存在大量未能过筛的淀粉团簇(图2)和纤维(图3),过筛物以小颗粒的淀粉为主,因此其淀粉含量反而高于SGP-1;采用超微粉碎后葛根中的粗纤维、淀粉团簇等组分在强烈的剪切作用下粒径显著降低,而淀粉团簇的破散要易于纤维的断裂[20],因此超微粉碎后淀粉含量的增加要高于非淀粉组分的增加,在总比例上呈现出SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3中淀粉含量逐渐增加,这也导致超微粉碎的SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3中非淀粉组分略低于P-120,从而使得总黄酮含量呈下降趋势。
图6为超微粉碎对葛全粉DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力的影响。图中显示P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3的DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力均显著高于KS(P<0.05),其中SGP-3的DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力分别比KS高44.26%和0.74。P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3的总还原力无显著性差异(P>0.05),SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3的DPPH自由基清除率显著高于P-120(P<0.05),其中SGP-3比P-120高5.47%。葛全粉的抗氧化活性主要来自于黄酮类化合物,葛全粉相较于KS具有更高的总黄酮含量(图5),因此也具有更好的抗氧化活性。与P-120相比,超微葛全粉(SGP-2和SGP-3)的DPPH自由基清除率显著增加(P>0.05),说明超微粉碎有助于提高葛全粉的抗氧化活性。LIU等[23]发现超微粉碎提升了全麦粉的抗氧化活性,认为抗氧化活性的提高源自于超微粉碎破坏了纤维基质从而使得黄酮类化合物更易释放出来,但过度的超微粉碎可能会导致黄酮类物质的降解,从而降低抗氧化活性。
图7为超微粉碎对葛全粉糊化特性(图7A)和热特性(图7B)的影响,各项特性参数见表4。图7A显示,KS的RVA黏度曲线要远高于葛全粉(P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3),而表4显示峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度和回生值均呈现相同趋势,即KS>P-120>SGP-1≈SGP-2≈SGP-3,其中SGP-3的最终黏度分别比KS、P-120低2097.33、288.00 mPa·s;此外KS的峰值时间和起糊温度显著低于葛全粉(P<0.05)。说明葛全粉相较于KS更难糊化、黏度更低;超微粉碎降低了葛全粉的黏度和回生值。P-120黏度低于KS主要原因在于大量非淀粉组分阻碍了淀粉颗粒的吸水、膨胀和崩解,降低了淀粉分子间的纠缠程度从而表现出黏度下降;其次高温漂烫和热风干燥造成在粉碎前部分淀粉已预糊化,从而引起黏度下降[32]。超微粉碎的SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3黏度低于P-120则主要是超微粉碎造成淀粉颗粒的破损,而破损的淀粉颗粒由于结构不完整在加热时无法充分吸水膨胀从而无法形成稳定的网络结构[33],导致其黏度降低。后续利用超微葛全粉制备固体饮料时需调整配方,继续改善工艺以提升其黏度。
图7B中To、TP和Tc分别为吸热峰起始温度、峰值温度和终止温度,∆T=Tc−To,为峰的跨度,∆H为吸热焓。P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3在60~100 ℃区间均出现2个吸热峰,其中TP1在74.66~75.03 ℃,TP2位于85.97~87.06 ℃,而KS仅有1个吸热峰。P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3的TP2是葛全粉中部分淀粉与蛋白质、脂质未进行分离,相互间以复合物的形式存在,造成吸热峰向高温区偏移[34−35]。SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3的To、TP2和∆H要显著低于P-120,说明超微粉碎破坏了葛全粉致密的结晶结构,这与WU等[36]的研究结果一致。
图8为葛全粉的红外光谱(图8A)和XRD图谱(图8B)。图8A中3427 cm−1附近吸收峰为O-H伸缩振动,2935 cm−1附近为C-H伸缩振动,1614 cm−1附近为水分子中的2个O-H的剪切振动,950~1250 cm−1几个连续强吸收峰是C-O和C-C的伸缩振动[2]。对950~1250 cm−1区间进行分峰处理,分峰后1047 cm−1和995 cm−1处的吸收峰对应于淀粉的结晶区,而1022 cm−1处的吸收峰则与淀粉的非晶区相关,通常可用R1047/1022反映淀粉的相对结晶程度[36],经计算P-120、SGP-1和SGP-2的R1047/1022显著高于KS(P<0.05);P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3随着粉碎强度的增加和粒径的降低,R1047/1022亦呈下降趋势。
图8B中所有样品均在15.18°、17.30°、17.96°和23.02°附近出现衍射峰,显示样品为典型的A型晶体结构[10]。值得注意的是,在葛全粉XRD图谱中,24.38°和26.62°出现尖锐的衍射峰,且随着粉碎强度的增加和粒径的降低,两处衍射峰逐渐消失。这两处的衍射峰与非淀粉组分与淀粉形成的复合物有关[23],在超微粉碎过程中复合物结构被剪切力破坏,其衍射峰逐渐消失。计算相对结晶度Rc发现,葛全粉Rc显著高于KS,SGP-3的Rc=23.69%,比KS高出2.93%,这也解释了前述DSC测试中葛全粉∆H显著高于KS;P-120、SGP-1、SGP-2和SGP-3随着粉碎强度的增加和粒径的降低Xc亦呈下降趋势,说明超微粉碎破坏了淀粉的晶体结构,这与已有研究一致[10,23,32]。
采用超微粉碎机和锤式旋风磨制备了4个系列的葛全粉(SGP-1、SGP-2、SGP-3、P-120),其中SGP-2和SGP-3有90%的颗粒达到超微粉(<20 μm)级别,与葛根淀粉(KS)相比其粒径更小且更加均一。葛全粉比葛根淀粉具有更高的总黄酮含量、抗氧化性和水合特性,其中SGP-3的总黄酮、持水力、持油力和膨胀力分别比KS高出317.66 mg/kg、0.12 g/g、0.11 g/g和0.97 mL/g;而超微粉碎机比锤式旋风磨制备的葛全粉相比具有更好的食用品质,其中SGP-3的感官总评分、白度和糊化液透光率比P-120分别提升了17.5分、3.17和21.68%。但值得注意的是,超微粉碎降低了葛全粉的黏度,SGP-3的最终黏度比P-120和KS分别降低了288、2097.33 mPa·s。SEM、DSC、FTIR和XRD检测结果显示葛全粉中的破损淀粉随着超微粉碎强度的增加而增加,且淀粉微晶结构在超微粉碎过程中被破坏,这也是导致超微葛全粉最终黏度下降的主要原因。综上,葛全粉比葛根淀粉具有更好的功能特性,而超微粉碎能有效改善葛全粉的食用品质。文中采用的干法冲击式超微粉碎设备虽生产效率较高,但强烈的机械冲击会造成淀粉颗粒的破损从而导致其黏度下降,后续可尝试采用较为温和的气流式或湿法超微粉碎技术以降低淀粉损伤。研究结果为粉葛的高值化加工提供了理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050269
  • 接收时间:2025-05-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-28
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    1湖北文理学院食品科学与化学工程学院,湖北襄阳 441053
    2湖北省食品配料工程技术研究中心,湖北襄阳 441053
    3襄阳市公共检验检测中心,湖北襄阳 441001

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汤尚文(1983−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
刘传菊(1982−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
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species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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