Article(id=1320166685735244794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040385, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746460800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681865389, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681865389, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681865389, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681865389, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=387, endPage=397, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166686699934715, articleId=1320166685735244794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Cinnamic Acid on Reddening and Active Oxygen Metabolism of Fresh-cut Lettuce, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the effects of exogenous cinnamic acid (CA) on reddening and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in fresh-cut lettuce. Fresh-cut lettuce samples were treated with 0.5 g/L CA solution for 10 minutes (CA group), while distilled water was used as a control (CK group). Both groups were stored at 4±0.5 ℃, and samples were collected every two days over a period of 8 days. The results showed that CA treatment significantly suppressed the increase in reddening index and a* value, and mitigated the decline in L* value, thereby maintaining the visual quality of the lettuce during storage. Furthermore, CA treatment markedly inhibited the activities and gene expression levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), delaying the biosynthesis and oxidation of total phenols, flavonoids and scopoletin. In addition, CA treatment maintained higher activities and expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). It also reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the generation rate of superoxide anion (O2−·), thereby alleviating oxidative damage and preserving cell membrane integrity. Overall, CA treatment can effectively delay the color and quality deterioration of fresh-cut lettuce, providing a theoretical support for the application of CA in the preservation of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.

, authors=Shufei ZHANG1, 2, Min XIONG3, Zhongtian PAN2, Meiying HE2, Yunfen LIU2, Feilong YIN2, *, Liang SHUAI2, 3, *, authorsList=Shufei ZHANG, Min XIONG, Zhongtian PAN, Meiying HE, Yunfen LIU, Feilong YIN, Liang SHUAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Feilong YIN, Liang SHUAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166688612536331, articleId=1320166685735244794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=肉桂酸对鲜切莴苣红变及活性氧代谢的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探讨外源肉桂酸(cinnamic acid,CA)对鲜切莴苣红变及活性氧代谢的调控作用。以鲜切莴苣为试材,采用0.5 g/L CA溶液浸泡处理组,以清水浸泡为对照组(CK),两组样品于4±0.5 ℃下贮藏,并每隔2 d取样一次,持续8 d。结果表明,与CK组相比,CA处理抑制了鲜切莴苣红变度及a*值的升高,减缓了L*值的下降,有效保持了鲜切莴笋的外观色泽。同时,CA处理显著降低了多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)的酶活性及其相关基因的表达水平,从而延缓了总酚、类黄酮和东莨菪内酯的合成及其氧化过程。此外,CA处理有助于维持较高水平的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)活性和表达水平,有效抑制丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)含量及超氧阴离子(superoxide anion,O2−·)产生速率的上升,从而减缓活性氧引发的氧化损伤,维持细胞膜结构的完整性。综上所述,CA处理可有效延缓鲜切莴苣的色泽与品质劣变,为其在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用提供理论依据。

, authors=张舒菲1, 2, 熊敏3, 潘中田2, 何妹英2, 刘云芬2, 殷菲胧2, *, 帅良2, 3, *, authorsList=张舒菲, 熊敏, 潘中田, 何妹英, 刘云芬, 殷菲胧, 帅良, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=殷菲胧, 帅良, authorNote=

张舒菲(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
殷菲胧(1994−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:果蔬采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
帅良(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+blysB4u0mEjKy9lI7vQEQ==, magXml=7cdNnz4KMEDykZ+vvm0T+g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=SxkPWWtsC1BcvxOiXMrVHA==, pdfFileSize=2759587, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qEsF7OibG0Kr/86urp87fQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=5Wpr0LV9WqGSLYhX35RmHA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320166976136270724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=18776780611@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320166976228545415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, authorId=1320166976136270724, language=EN, stringName=Shufei ZHANG, firstName=Shufei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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张舒菲(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:

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张舒菲(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:

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注:*表示CA处理组相比于CK组差异显著(P<0.05),**表示CA处理组相比于CK组差异极显著(P<0.01);图2~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=7hV2j9qfnJQugHNvPZYbHw==, figureFileBig=zoYkv4SXF8PAS56+Im48cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980288631732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of CA treatment on total phenol (A), flavonoid content (B), quinone (C) and scopoletin (D) of fresh-cut lettuce, figureFileSmall=Y+5gtsptVFz6P61fhza1UQ==, figureFileBig=HN5KoSo54Ge/8ia/sfpGFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980359934901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CA处理对鲜切莴苣贮藏期间总酚(A)、类黄酮(B)、醌类物质(C)和东莨菪内酯(D)含量的影响, figureFileSmall=Y+5gtsptVFz6P61fhza1UQ==, figureFileBig=HN5KoSo54Ge/8ia/sfpGFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980439626678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of CA treatment on H2O2 content (A), O2−· generation rate (B) and MDA content (C) of fresh-cut lettuce, figureFileSmall=58DtYgixBfRPrp1Hb0wDUA==, figureFileBig=krAR6R9vT4qlGnS8VoY0ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980510929847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=CN, label=图3, caption=CA处理对鲜切莴苣贮藏期间H2O2含量(A)、O2−·产生速率(B)和MDA含量(C)的影响, figureFileSmall=58DtYgixBfRPrp1Hb0wDUA==, figureFileBig=krAR6R9vT4qlGnS8VoY0ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980569650104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of CA treatment on PPO (A), POD (B) and PAL (C) activity and relative expression of LsPPO (D), LsPOD (E), LsPAL (F) of fresh-cut lettuce, figureFileSmall=bT9VN4oJKhTR4OF28mSSgQ==, figureFileBig=2WCrR6aZ+gKp7zlGk51pNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980640953273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=CN, label=图4, caption=CA处理对鲜切莴苣贮藏期间PPO(A)、POD(B)、PAL(C)活性及LsPPO(D)、LsPOD(E)、LsPAL(F)相对表达量的影响, figureFileSmall=bT9VN4oJKhTR4OF28mSSgQ==, figureFileBig=2WCrR6aZ+gKp7zlGk51pNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980708062138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of CA treatment on CAT (A), SOD (B) activity and relative expression of LsCAT (C), LsSOD (D) of fresh-cut lettuce, figureFileSmall=UbS54dGzb49TkVF74ctcHA==, figureFileBig=Ht6hsn+sU3gEj3k0E6OQZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980779365307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CA处理对鲜切莴苣贮藏期间CAT(A)、SOD(B)活性及LsCAT(C)、LsSOD(D)相对表达量的影响, figureFileSmall=UbS54dGzb49TkVF74ctcHA==, figureFileBig=Ht6hsn+sU3gEj3k0E6OQZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980838085564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of CA treatment on GR (A), APX (B) activity and relative expression of LsGR (C), LsAPX (D) of fresh-cut lettuce, figureFileSmall=QIz9cVcJnzBXllTbkMr8Vg==, figureFileBig=sFs+l6tSGDNA6fdgTltv4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980901000125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CA处理对鲜切莴苣贮藏期间GR(A)、APX(B)活性及LsGR(C)、LsAPX(D)相对表达量的影响, figureFileSmall=QIz9cVcJnzBXllTbkMr8Vg==, figureFileBig=sFs+l6tSGDNA6fdgTltv4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166980963914686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Correlation analysis of browning indexes of CA treatment of fresh-cut lettuce, figureFileSmall=9LBME+d7jdKpnZdbFoMYag==, figureFileBig=Urv/EZDgzkvfVt/5zg5C1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166981031023551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CA处理鲜切莴苣红变相关指标的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=9LBME+d7jdKpnZdbFoMYag==, figureFileBig=Urv/EZDgzkvfVt/5zg5C1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166981106521024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Predicted mechanism of CA treatment delaying browning in fresh-cut lettuce by regulating ROS metabolism, figureFileSmall=1FUkSV4MzBmAvfhECdCd+g==, figureFileBig=SQ35Hwa3VR1w1BNb9JFdEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166981169435585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=CN, label=图8, caption=CA处理通过调控ROS代谢延缓鲜切莴苣红变的机理预测, figureFileSmall=1FUkSV4MzBmAvfhECdCd+g==, figureFileBig=SQ35Hwa3VR1w1BNb9JFdEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166981240738754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers and sequences used for expression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称引物序列(5'-3′)
Actin正向引物GCCAAGGGCAGTGTTTCCTA
Actin反向引物AAAGCACAGCCTGGATAGCA
LsPPO正向引物AACAAGAAGAACAAGCAGGAAGCG
LsPPO反向引物GGTAGTCTCACATCCATCGTCAAC
LsPOD正向引物AGGTGCTCACTCAGTAGGTAGGG
LsPOD反向引物GCGGGTTTGGGTCAGGATGG
LsPAL正向引物GGACTACGGGTTCAAAGGTGGAG
LsPAL反向引物GGTGACTGGATTTGCGAGAAACTG
LsCAT正向引物ACAACTTCAAGCAGCCAGGAGAG
LsCAT反向引物GGTCAGACAGAGCACCAACAATTC
LsSOD正向引物CACACACTCTTACAGACGCTTTG
LsSOD反向引物GCCACTAACACCCTCACTGCTG
LsAPX正向引物ACCTGTCGTTCCGGCATCTATG
LsAPX反向引物GGCGGTCGAAGGAGCTGATG
LsGR正向引物AACAGGAGCAGTGAAGGTGGATG
LsGR反向引物GGCAACAGGAGTGAGATTCATTCG
), ArticleFig(id=1320166981312041923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166685735244794, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

表达分析所用引物及序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称引物序列(5'-3′)
Actin正向引物GCCAAGGGCAGTGTTTCCTA
Actin反向引物AAAGCACAGCCTGGATAGCA
LsPPO正向引物AACAAGAAGAACAAGCAGGAAGCG
LsPPO反向引物GGTAGTCTCACATCCATCGTCAAC
LsPOD正向引物AGGTGCTCACTCAGTAGGTAGGG
LsPOD反向引物GCGGGTTTGGGTCAGGATGG
LsPAL正向引物GGACTACGGGTTCAAAGGTGGAG
LsPAL反向引物GGTGACTGGATTTGCGAGAAACTG
LsCAT正向引物ACAACTTCAAGCAGCCAGGAGAG
LsCAT反向引物GGTCAGACAGAGCACCAACAATTC
LsSOD正向引物CACACACTCTTACAGACGCTTTG
LsSOD反向引物GCCACTAACACCCTCACTGCTG
LsAPX正向引物ACCTGTCGTTCCGGCATCTATG
LsAPX反向引物GGCGGTCGAAGGAGCTGATG
LsGR正向引物AACAGGAGCAGTGAAGGTGGATG
LsGR反向引物GGCAACAGGAGTGAGATTCATTCG
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肉桂酸对鲜切莴苣红变及活性氧代谢的影响
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张舒菲 1, 2 , 熊敏 3 , 潘中田 2 , 何妹英 2 , 刘云芬 2 , 殷菲胧 2, * , 帅良 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(11): 387-397
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (11) : 387 -397
肉桂酸对鲜切莴苣红变及活性氧代谢的影响
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张舒菲1, 2 , 熊敏3, 潘中田2, 何妹英2, 刘云芬2, 殷菲胧2, * , 帅良2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1大连工业大学食品学院,辽宁大连 116034
  • 2贺州学院食品与生物工程学院,广西康养食品科学与技术重点实验室,广西贺州 542899
  • 3南昌师范学院化学与食品科学学院,江西南昌 330032
通讯作者:
殷菲胧(1994−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:果蔬采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
帅良(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张舒菲(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:

Effect of Cinnamic Acid on Reddening and Active Oxygen Metabolism of Fresh-cut Lettuce
Shufei ZHANG1, 2 , Min XIONG3, Zhongtian PAN2, Meiying HE2, Yunfen LIU2, Feilong YIN2, * , Liang SHUAI2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
  • 2College of Food and Biological Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
  • 3College of Chemistry and Food Science, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040385
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本研究旨在探讨外源肉桂酸(cinnamic acid,CA)对鲜切莴苣红变及活性氧代谢的调控作用。以鲜切莴苣为试材,采用0.5 g/L CA溶液浸泡处理组,以清水浸泡为对照组(CK),两组样品于4±0.5 ℃下贮藏,并每隔2 d取样一次,持续8 d。结果表明,与CK组相比,CA处理抑制了鲜切莴苣红变度及a*值的升高,减缓了L*值的下降,有效保持了鲜切莴笋的外观色泽。同时,CA处理显著降低了多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)的酶活性及其相关基因的表达水平,从而延缓了总酚、类黄酮和东莨菪内酯的合成及其氧化过程。此外,CA处理有助于维持较高水平的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)活性和表达水平,有效抑制丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)含量及超氧阴离子(superoxide anion,O2−·)产生速率的上升,从而减缓活性氧引发的氧化损伤,维持细胞膜结构的完整性。综上所述,CA处理可有效延缓鲜切莴苣的色泽与品质劣变,为其在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用提供理论依据。

鲜切莴苣  /  红变  /  肉桂酸  /  活性氧代谢  /  抗氧化酶

This study investigated the effects of exogenous cinnamic acid (CA) on reddening and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in fresh-cut lettuce. Fresh-cut lettuce samples were treated with 0.5 g/L CA solution for 10 minutes (CA group), while distilled water was used as a control (CK group). Both groups were stored at 4±0.5 ℃, and samples were collected every two days over a period of 8 days. The results showed that CA treatment significantly suppressed the increase in reddening index and a* value, and mitigated the decline in L* value, thereby maintaining the visual quality of the lettuce during storage. Furthermore, CA treatment markedly inhibited the activities and gene expression levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), delaying the biosynthesis and oxidation of total phenols, flavonoids and scopoletin. In addition, CA treatment maintained higher activities and expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). It also reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the generation rate of superoxide anion (O2−·), thereby alleviating oxidative damage and preserving cell membrane integrity. Overall, CA treatment can effectively delay the color and quality deterioration of fresh-cut lettuce, providing a theoretical support for the application of CA in the preservation of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.

fresh-cut lettuce  /  reddening  /  cinnamic acid  /  reactive oxygen species metabolism  /  antioxidant enzymes
张舒菲, 熊敏, 潘中田, 何妹英, 刘云芬, 殷菲胧, 帅良. 肉桂酸对鲜切莴苣红变及活性氧代谢的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 387 -397 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040385
Shufei ZHANG, Min XIONG, Zhongtian PAN, Meiying HE, Yunfen LIU, Feilong YIN, Liang SHUAI. Effect of Cinnamic Acid on Reddening and Active Oxygen Metabolism of Fresh-cut Lettuce[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 387 -397 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040385
莴苣(Lactuca sativa L.)广泛种植于各大洲,特别是温带和亚热带地区。近年来,随着设施农业的发展,莴苣在中国蔬菜产业中的栽培地位显著提升,已成为主栽蔬菜类型[1]。鲜切加工作为提升蔬菜附加值的重要手段[2],能够有效减少整株莴苣因贮藏不当而导致的局部腐败和食物浪费,延长产品的供应链周期,同时便于餐饮业的标准化配菜处理,节省操作时间,提升经济效益[3]。然而,鲜切处理过程中不可避免的机械损伤会破坏植物细胞的完整性,促进内源性酚类物质与多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)发生反应[4],不仅导致产品色泽劣变、感官品质下降,还会加速营养物质的氧化损失[5]。因此,开发有效保鲜剂保持鲜切莴苣色泽与品质已成为延长货架期、减少食物浪费的重要研究方向。
目前认为莴苣发生色泽劣变主要涉及两方面:一方面,酚类代谢紊乱是关键诱因,损伤胁迫导致酚类物质在切口处积累并被PPO催化氧化[6],生成醌类物质并进一步聚合形成红棕色色素[7];另一方面,东莨菪内酯的积累及其氧化过程被证实是导致莴苣组织呈现特征性红色的因素之一[8]:东莨菪内酯作为苯丙烷代谢的重要分支产物,其合成始于苯丙氨酸,经肉桂酸、对香豆酸等中间体[9]。在鲜切莴苣中,机械损伤激活苯丙烷代谢途径,促使东莨菪内酯大量积累[10]。因此,控制东莨菪内酯的合成,对于有效抑制鲜切莴苣红变至关重要。
目前,对于延长鲜切莴苣贮藏期的方式主要有可食用涂膜[11−12]、化学保鲜[13]等。其中,化学保鲜法因其操作简便、效果显著而被广泛应用于鲜切莴苣的保鲜处理中。例如,有研究表明,褪黑素处理可增强鲜切莴苣的抗氧化能力,减少活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)对细胞的损伤,从而有效维持其贮藏期间的品质稳定性[14];采用不同浓度的抗坏血酸溶液浸泡处理,也可在常温贮藏6 d内有效缓解鲜切莴苣品质劣变,显著延缓多酚含量上升,降低PPO和POD活性,同时维持维生素C含量较高水平[15];此外,纳他霉素的应用亦被证实对鲜切莴苣的腐烂和衰老具有良好的抑制作用,其中喷雾处理显示出较优的保鲜效果[16]。综上所述,化学保鲜剂可通过调控抗氧化系统、延缓微生物腐败等多种机制有效维持鲜切莴苣的感官品质和营养价值,因此,化学保鲜剂可作为调控鲜切莴苣采后品质的关键处理手段。
肉桂酸(cinnamic acid,CA)是一种广泛存在于植物中的天然酚酸,近年来因其优异的抗菌、抗氧化及抑制酶活性等多重生物功能而受到广泛关注[17]。已有研究表明,CA可通过抑制PPO活性和清除自由基,有效延缓鲜切芋头[18]、苹果[19]及桃子[20]等果蔬的褐变。有研究进一步探讨了不同pH条件下CA及其衍生物对PPO的抑制效果,结果发现CA在酸性条件下对PPO活性的抑制作用更为显著[21];在对芋头的处理研究中,不同浓度的CA均能有效抑制相关酶活性并提高抗氧化能力,减轻其表面褐变[14]。尽管CA在果类产品中的保鲜效果已被证实,但其在鲜切蔬菜,尤其是叶菜类蔬菜褐变调控中的作用机制仍不清晰。此外,CA在调节ROS代谢网络中的潜在功能尚缺乏系统性研究,仍有待深入探讨。
因此,本研究以鲜切莴苣为对象,通过研究0.5 g/L CA处理对鲜切莴苣红变度、色度、总酚含量、类黄酮含量、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)含量及超氧阴离子(superoxide anion,O2−·)产生速率、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性及基因表达的影响,探究CA处理抑制鲜切莴苣红变可能的调控机制,以期为CA在鲜切果蔬中的应用提供理论依据。
莴苣 购于广西贺州市泰兴超市,选取新鲜、大小均一、无病虫害、无病斑、无机械损伤的莴苣;Quick RNA IsolationKit植物RNA提取试剂盒、Super Script cDNA Synthesis Kit反转录试剂盒 华越洋生物科技有限公司;所有引物设计与合成均由上海生工生物工程股份有限公司完成;三氯乙酸(TCA) 分析纯,天津市大茂化学试剂厂;无水乙醇 分析纯,上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司;肉桂酸(CA)、抗硝基蓝四唑(BNT)、氧化谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、2,2-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH) 分析纯,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;丙酮、浓氨水 分析纯,西陇科学股份有限公司;其余供试试剂均为分析纯 上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
LH-B55手持折光仪 上海勃基仪器仪表有限公司;NH310果蔬色差仪 深圳市三恩施科技有限公司;702-Rell超低温冰箱 美国赛默飞公司;A11 Basic分析研磨机 德国IKA公司;TG18-WS高速冷冻离心机 长沙湘锐有限公司;UV-1780紫外可见分光光度计 岛津仪器苏州有限公司;CFX Connect荧光定量PCR仪 美国 Bio-Red公司。
选取新鲜、大小均一、无病虫害、无病斑、无机械损伤的莴苣,使用不锈钢切片机将莴苣切成厚度约5 mm的圆片,分别用浓度为0(CK组)和0.5 g/L CA浸泡10 min(浓度选择基于前期预实验:由0.1、0.5和1.0 g/L三个不同浓度下0.5 g/L的CA效果最佳确定),然后捞出于室温晾干。两组莴苣均用PP材质的托盘(大小为15 cm×11.5 cm×2 cm)进行装盘并用厚度为0.02 mm的PE保鲜膜进行封装。随后于4±0.5 ℃进行贮藏,每2 d取样一次,取样当天进行色度测定,将其余样品经研磨机在液氮保护下研磨成粉后保存于−80 ℃超低温冰箱备用,待后续分析测定。
参照林德胜等[22]的方法,采用色差仪对鲜切莴苣样品的表面颜色进行测定。每组随机选取15片鲜切莴苣叶片,分别取正反两面进行测定,并记录其L*值(亮度)和a*值(红绿度)。红变度测定参照帅良等[23]的方法进行。取1 g鲜切莴苣样品粉末,加入10 mL预冷的缓冲液(含10%TCA),35 ℃避光反应2 h。反应结束后,于4 ℃下以1500 r/min离心10 min,取上清液。在波长420 nm处测定上清液的吸光度,以OD420 nm表示红变度。
总酚含量的测定参照宋茜等[24]的方法进行。称取1.0 g鲜切莴苣样品粉末,加入适量80%乙醇提取液充分混匀后,于4  ℃、12000 r/min条件下离心20 min,取上清液0.2 mL,用蒸馏水稀释至1.0 mL。随后依次加入1.0 mL福林酚试剂,静置6 min后加入1.0 mL 7%Na2CO3溶液及1.0 mL蒸馏水,在室温下避光反应1.5 h,最后在756 nm波长处测定吸光度。以没食子酸为标准品,根据标准曲线y=6.4317x−0.0023(R2=0.9996;其中,x均为浓度,y均为吸光度值)计算总酚含量,结果以mg/kg表示。
类黄酮提取液的制备方法与总酚含量测定相同,含量的测定参照宋慕波等[25]的方法进行。取0.5 mL提取液,加入0.2 mL 5%NaNO2溶液,于室温下静置6 min;随后加入0.3 mL 10%Al(NO3)3溶液,继续反应6 min;再依次加入2.0 mL 1.0 mol/L NaOH溶液和1.0 mL 80%乙醇溶液,充分混匀。在波长510 nm处测定吸光度。以芦丁为标准品,根据标准曲线y=14.205x−0.1239(R2=0.992;其中,x均为浓度,y均为吸光度值)计算样品中类黄酮含量,结果以mg/kg表示。
醌类物质含量参考Ali等[26]所用方法测定。取1 g莴苣粉末,加入8 mL 80%乙醇,避光振荡提取30 min,于4 ℃、8000 r/min离心20 min,取上清液3.0 mL在437 nm处测定吸光度,以OD437 nm表示醌类物质含量。
东莨菪内酯测定参照徐小昆等[27]的方法,并作适当修改。将1 g莴苣粉末与8 mL 80%甲醇充分混匀,在50 ℃下超声30 min,于12000 r/min离心15 min,收集上清液,用0.22 µm尼龙过滤器进行过滤,并采用Shim-pack TM GIST C18色谱柱进行高效液相色谱分析。以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(3:7)作为流动相进行等度淋洗,流速为0.8 mL·min−1,在波长348 nm、柱温25 ℃条件下,对东莨菪内酯含量进行检测。东莨菪内酯含量以µg/g表示。
过氧化氢(H2O2)含量参考宋茜等[24]的方法测定:取1.0 g莴苣粉末,加入8 mL预冷丙酮,冰浴静提10 min后于4 ℃、12000 r/min离心20 min。取1.0 mL上清液,加入100 µL 10%硫酸钛和200 µL浓氨水,静置反应5 min后于10000 r/min离心10 min,弃上清,用预冷的丙酮洗涤沉淀数次,直至沉淀无杂质,将装有沉淀的试管置于通风橱中待管中丙酮挥发完后,加入3 mL 2 mol/L浓硫酸,使其充分溶解,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心20 min后取上清于410 nm处测定吸光值,结果以µmol/g表示。
超氧阴离子(O2−·)产生速率测定参照杨源[28]的方法,称取1 g莴苣粉末,加入8 mL 0.05 mol/L、pH7.8的磷酸钠缓冲溶液混匀,冰浴静提10 min,于4 ℃、10000 r/min离心20 min,取1 mL上清液加入1 mL磷酸缓冲溶液(0.05 mol/L、pH7.8)、1 mL 1 mmol/L盐酸羟胺溶液,混匀后于25 ℃孵育1 h,再加入1 mL 17 mmol/L对氨基苯磺酸溶液和1 mL 7 mmol/L α-萘胺溶液,混匀后于25 ℃再孵育 20 min。于530 nm处测定其吸光度,结果以µmol·g−1·min−1表示。
MDA含量的测定参考唐基涛等[29]的方法。称取1.0 g样品,加入5.0 mL 100 g/L TCA溶液,研磨匀浆后于12000 r/min、4 ℃离心20 min,收集上清液。反应体系:2.0 mL上清液、2.0 mL 0.67%硫代巴比妥酸溶液,混合后在沸水浴中煮沸20 min,取出冷却后再离心一次,分别测定上清液在450、532、600 nm波长处的吸光度值,MDA含量计算公式如下:
$ { \rm MDA含量({\text{μmol/g}})=\dfrac{V\times [6.45\times (OD_{532\;nm}-OD_{600\;nm})-0.56\times OD_{450\;nm}]}{Vs\times m\times 1000} }$
式中:V为提取液总体积,mL;Vs为测定时所取样品提取液体积,mL;m为样品质量,g。
PPO和POD酶活性参照林德胜等[22]方法测定,略有修改。称取1.0 g莴苣粉末,加入8 mL乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液(0.1 mol/L、pH5.5),冰浴静提10 min后离心(4 ℃、10000 r/min、20 min),PPO反应体系:0.1 mL提取液加入2.9 mL 50 mmol/L邻苯二酚溶液,迅速混合启动反应,于420 nm处测定吸光度。POD反应体系:0.2 mL提取液加入2.8 mL 25 mmol/L愈创木酚溶液再加入0.5 mol/L H2O2溶液,迅速混合启动反应,于470 nm处测定吸光度的变化。酶活以每分钟吸光度变化0.01为一个PPO、POD活性单位(U),单位为U·g−1。PAL活性参照刘云芬等[30]方法测定。提取液的制备同PPO,反应体系:0.5 mL粗酶提取液加入0.02 mol/L L-苯丙氨酸2.5 mL后在37 ℃水浴保温1 h,加入0.1 mL 6 mol/L HCl溶液终止反应,于290 nm处测定吸光度的变化。以OD290 nm变化0.01为1个酶活单位(U),用U·g−1表示。
取1.0 g莴苣粉末,加入5 mL磷酸缓冲液(含5 mmol/L DTT、5%PVP、1 mmol/L EDTA),振荡30 s使其充分混匀,于4 ℃、12000 r/min离心30 min,上清液为粗酶液,用于后续测定。SOD活性测定参照Zhang等[31]的方法,反应体系包括:0.2 mL粗酶提取液、2.0 mL 50 mmol/L 磷酸钠缓冲液、0.2 mL蛋氨酸溶液、0.2 mL 750 µmol/L氯化硝基四氮唑蓝溶液、0.2 mL 100 µmol/L EDTA-2Na,避光30 min后加入0.2 mL 20 µmol/L核黄素,充分混合均匀后置于日光灯下反应15 min,立即取出置于暗处,于560 nm处测定吸光度的变化;CAT活性测定参照盛金凤等[32]方法,反应体系包括:0.2 mL粗酶提取液、2.8 mL20 mmol/L H2O2溶液,混合均匀后于240 nm处测定吸光度的变化。均以每分钟吸光度变化0.01定义为一个活性单位,单位以U·g−1表示。
GR和APX活性测定参照林毅雄等[33]的方法,GR和APX提取液的制备同1.2.6,仅提取缓冲液改为50 mmol/L、pH7.0磷酸盐缓冲液。GR活性测定反应体系:依次加入2.7 mL 0.1 mol/L pH7.5的磷酸缓冲液、0.1 mL 5 mmol/L氧化性谷胱甘肽溶液、0.2 mL粗酶提取液,于340 nm处测定其吸光度的变化;APX活性测定反应体系:0.2 mL粗酶提取液、2.6 mL反应缓冲液(含0.1 mmol/L EDTA、0.5 mmol/L抗坏血酸)、0.2 mL 2 mmol/L H2O2溶液,于290 nm处测定吸光度的变化。均以每分钟吸光度变化0.01为一个活性单位,以U·g−1表示。
使用RNA提取试剂盒从莴苣组织中分离出总RNA,具体操作参照试剂盒说明书进行。随后根据反转录试剂盒说明书合成cDNA。表1为所用荧光定量引物详细信息,以Actin基因作为内参基因。利用2−ΔΔCt方法计算LsPPO、LsPOD、LsPAL、LsSOD、LsCAT、LsAPX、LsGR表达量。
每组实验进行三次重复,结果以均值±标准差表示,使用Excel 2019、SPSS 26.0进行数据处理和分析,采用单因素方差分析和 Duncan 法对结果进行差异显著性分析(P<0.05),使用Origin和GraphPad Prism软件完成图表绘制。机理图由Figdraw绘制。
红变度是衡量鲜切果蔬表面红变程度的重要指标。随着贮藏时间的延长,CK组鲜切莴苣红变程度持续加深,而CA处理组在整个贮藏期内的红变程度始终低于CK组,表明CA处理在抑制红变方面具有良好效果(图1A)。具体来看,CK组的红变度由贮藏初期(0 d)的0.17±0.002上升至第8 d的0.39±0.029,且在第4 d后呈现快速上升趋势;相比之下,0.5 g/L CA处理组红变度仅上升至0.26±0.003,极显著低于CK组(P<0.01)(图1B)。在L*值方面,CA处理显著减缓了其下降趋势(P<0.05),表现出较高的色泽稳定性。a*值方面,CK组随贮藏时间推移逐渐升高,表明红变现象加剧;而CA处理有效抑制了a*值的上升,显著减缓了色变过程(图1D)。综合以上结果,CA处理显著抑制了L*值下降与a*值上升的趋势,能有效保持鲜切莴苣的绿色外观和较高的商品价值。
总酚、类黄酮、醌类物质和东莨菪内酯含量是评估鲜切莴苣红变过程中的关键代谢指标。如图2A所示,贮藏期间鲜切莴苣总酚含量整体呈上升趋势,而CA处理极显著抑制了该指标的升高(P<0.01)。其中,CA组总酚含量由0 d的1.91±0.009 mg/kg上升至8 d的2.02±0.006 mg/kg,较CK组同期的2.57±0.006 mg/kg降低了21.40%,说明CA处理在缓解氧化胁迫方面具有一定效果。类黄酮和醌类物质的积累也在CA处理下得到显著抑制(图2B、图2C,P<0.05)。在贮藏第8 d,CA组类黄酮与醌类物质分别较CK组减少了17.32%和15.20%。其中,醌类物质在CA处理下从0 d的0.13±0.002仅上升至8 d的0.18±0.001,升幅明显低于对照组(图2C)。图2D显示,东莨菪内酯含量在CK组中呈先升后降趋势,并在第4 d达到峰值(33.09±0.210 μg/g);而CA处理组的含量始终极显著低于CK组(P<0.01),表明该处理可有效抑制其积累。
综上所述,CA处理在贮藏期间显著抑制了促红变相关物质(如总酚、类黄酮、醌类和东莨菪内酯)的生成,减缓了氧化代谢过程,有助于维持鲜切莴苣的感官品质和商品价值,这与刘云芬等[30]研究的效应方向一致。
H2O2是活性氧(ROS)中重要的组分之一,由O2−·经过歧化作用产生,既可作为氧化损伤因子,也参与细胞信号转导。其含量变化可反映持续氧化胁迫状态,并与红变进程密切相关。如图3A所示,鲜切莴苣中H2O2含量随贮藏时间延长而持续上升。贮藏第2~6 d期间,CK组和CA组H2O2积累速率均较缓慢,但CA组的上升幅度显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。至第8 d,CK组H2O2含量达24.20±0.90 µmol/g,而CA组为21.91±1.410 µmol/g,较CK组显著降低了9.47%(P<0.05)。这一趋势与唐基涛等[29]对相关指标的研究相符。图3B显示,O2−·产生速率在贮藏过程中持续上升,但CA处理有效抑制了其生成,且抑制效果随时间延长而增强。贮藏第2 d,CA组O2−·产生速率较CK组下降了30.93%;至第8 d,抑制幅度达到最大值,表明CA处理可在一定程度上减缓超氧阴离子自由基的积累。
MDA是衡量膜脂过氧化水平的重要指标,其含量变化可直观反映细胞氧化损伤程度。如图3C所示,MDA含量随贮藏时间延长整体呈上升趋势。虽然CK组在第4~6 d期间含量上升幅度较小,但至第8 d时,CK组MDA含量仍显著高于CA组28.3%(P<0.05),表明其在贮藏后期受到更严重的氧化胁迫,导致膜系统损伤加剧。综合来看,CA处理通过有效调控ROS代谢过程,降低了H2O2与O2−·的积累速率,并显著减缓了膜脂过氧化,有助于维持细胞结构稳定,为延缓鲜切莴苣品质劣变和红变的发生提供了重要的生理基础。
如图4A所示,鲜切莴苣的PPO活性在贮藏过程中呈现明显的组间差异。CK组PPO活性从0 d的268.33±11.667 U·g−1持续上升,在第6 d达到563.33±21.867 U·g−1,并于第8 d升高至1336.67±35.282 U·g−1。而CA处理组在贮藏初期PPO活性呈下降趋势,至第6 d降至最低值173.33±11.676 U·g−1,随后略有回升,在第8 d达到573.33±3.333 U·g−1,较CK组降低了57.11%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。图4B显示,POD活性随贮藏时间推移逐渐上升。CK组在第8 d达到93.78±1.355 U·g−1,约初始值的1.95倍;而CA组同期仅为72.68±2.376 U·g−1,较CK组降低22.5%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。PAL活性变化如图4C所示,贮藏早期(0~4 d),PAL活性迅速升高,CK组在第4 d达到峰值22.00±0.886 U·g−1,显著高于CA组的17.57±1.154 U·g−1(P<0.05)。此后两组活性逐渐下降,但CK组始终保持较高水平,至第8 d时仍是CA组的1.74倍,提示CA处理可在一定程度上抑制酚类合成通路的激活,从源头减少红变相关物质的积累。这一变化规律与林德胜等[22]的研究一致。
图4D~图4F进一步揭示了CA处理对相关代谢基因表达的调控作用。LsPPO、LsPOD与LsPAL的相对表达量在CK组中虽在不同时间点略有波动,但贮藏后整体呈下降趋势;而CA处理则在转录水平显著下调了这三种关键酶的基因表达(P<0.05),且在贮藏前期抑制效果更为明显。综合来看,CA处理不仅在酶活性层面有效抑制了PPO、POD与PAL的活化,还在基因表达水平实现对其转录的双重调控,从而阻断了红变相关的代谢通路,为延缓褐变、维持品质稳定性提供了重要的生理基础。
如图5A所示,各处理组的CAT活性在贮藏前期(0~4 d)整体保持稳定。从第4 d开始,CAT活性开始上升,且CA处理组上升幅度极显著高于CK组(P<0.01)。第6 d时,CA组CAT活性为CK组的1.47倍;第8 d时仍保持1.32倍的优势,说明CA处理在中后期显著增强了CAT活性。SOD活性变化如图5B所示。CK组SOD活性自0 d的29.23 U·g−1持续下降至8 d的22.11 U·g−1,降幅达24.4%;而CA处理组的SOD活性则整体较为稳定,仅下降了2.8%。至贮藏末期,CA组SOD活性极显著高于CK组28.5%(P<0.01),表明CA处理有助于维持SOD活性的稳定性,从而在一定程度上减缓其因氧化胁迫所引起的活性衰退。在基因表达水平上(图5C、图5D),CA处理明显上调了抗氧化相关基因LsCAT和LsSOD的相对表达量。贮藏中后期,CA组LsCAT相对表达量分别为CK组的 1.66倍(第6 d)和 1.09倍(第8 d);同时,LsSOD的表达在第4~6 d期间也显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。尽管至贮藏末期两组之间的差异有所减弱,但在抗氧化调控的关键阶段,CA处理显现出积极的基因调控效应。综合上述结果,CA处理不仅通过增强CAT与SOD酶活性有效提高了鲜切莴苣的抗氧化能力,还通过上调其关键基因表达,实现酶活性与转录水平的协同调控。该处理有助于高效清除细胞内ROS,维持其动态平衡,减缓膜脂过氧化,进而延缓品质劣变过程。这一机制与已有相关研究结论一致[34−36]。
如图6A所示,GR活性在CK组中呈持续下降趋势,从0 d的15.13±1.122 U·g−1下降至8 d的7.47±0.751 U·g−1;而CA处理组则呈先升后降的动态变化,第4 d达到峰值(17.94±0.98 U·g−1),显著高于同期CK组(为其1.37倍,P<0.05),随后逐步下降,至第8 d两组间差异不显著。APX活性变化如图6B所示,随贮藏时间延长整体呈下降趋势。第8 d时,CK组APX活性降至16.67±1.17 U·g−1,而CA处理组仍维持在较高水平(20.83±2.60 U·g−1)。结果表明,CA处理有效延缓了APX活性的衰退,从而有助于在贮藏后期维持较强的H2O2清除能力,增强细胞的氧化还原稳态调节功能。
基因表达结果进一步支持了上述酶活性变化(图6C、图6D)。在CK组中,LsGR基因相对表达量自第2 d起逐渐下降,从7.882±1.284降至8 d的1.187±0.193;相比之下,CA组在贮藏期内保持相对稳定,先上升至2 d的2.14±0.045,再下降至8 d的1.80±0.161,最终在第8 d时显著高于CK组51.6%(P<0.05)。LsAPX基因表达在CK组呈先降后升的波动趋势,而CA处理组在贮藏第8 d的表达水平显著高于CK组(P<0.05),约为其2.67倍,说明CA处理对该基因的表达具有积极调控作用。综合来看,CA处理通过增强GR与APX的酶活性并上调其基因表达,提升了AsA-GSH循环系统的稳定性和抗氧化能力,显著改善了鲜切莴苣在贮藏过程中的ROS清除效率,从而延缓氧化胁迫导致的品质劣变。该结果与已有关于CA处理调控抗氧化酶体系的研究结论一致[33,36],进一步支持了通过激活抗氧化系统增强果蔬贮藏品质的可能机制。
为进一步探讨CA处理与鲜切莴苣红变之间的潜在关联,对CK组和处理组的主要生理生化指标进行了相关性分析。如图7所示,PPO和POD活性与红变度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01;相关系数分别为0.88、0.9),说明酶促红变是导致组织变色的主导机制。与此同时,这两种酶的基因表达水平与其活性变化趋势高度一致,表明其表达调控在红变过程中具有关键作用。此外,总酚、类黄酮和东莨菪内酯等物质的含量也与PPO活性呈正相关关系(相关系数分别为0.72、0.73、0.65),提示酚类底物的积累可能为红变反应提供了重要基础,从而加速了红变进程。在抗氧化方面,ROS(H2O2和O2−·)的积累与抗氧化酶系统(如SOD、APX)呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),说明这些酶通过清除ROS,有效减缓了氧化胁迫所引发的组织损伤与红变加剧。抗氧化酶的基因表达与其酶活性并非完全同步,暗示在转录层面之外,可能还存在翻译后调控或酶活性的环境调节机制。
综上所述,鲜切莴苣的红变发生主要受PPO和POD的驱动,其表达调控机制可为延缓红变提供潜在的分子靶点;同时,抗氧化系统的协同作用可通过降低ROS水平间接抑制红变进程;而酚类代谢与氧化应激之间的相互作用,可能构成红变调控的关键交叉点。
本研究结果表明,CA处理能显著降低鲜切莴苣的红变程度,有效延缓其色泽劣变进程。贮藏期间,CK组与CA处理组的红变程度呈现不同变化趋势:在0~4 d时,两组间无显著差异(P>0.05);而4~8 d时,CK组红变程度急剧上升,CA处理组则显著抑制了这一趋势。这一结果与杨菊等[37]关于抗坏血酸处理香蕉研究中的变化趋势一致。
鲜切莴苣在加工贮藏中极易发生红变。这种现象的诱因在于细胞内ROS代谢稳态的失衡[38−39]。机械损伤导致细胞区室化破坏,使PPO与液泡酚类底物接触[30],催化生成醌类聚合物;而东莨菪内酯作为苯丙烷代谢通路的关键产物,其合成与积累受PAL等酶活调控影响,CA抑制PAL过度激活,使东莨菪内酯含量维持在合理水平[8],避免红变加剧,同时,ROS代谢失衡将直接引发膜系统损伤及营养流失,而切割胁迫引发ROS爆发,攻击膜系统,造成膜脂过氧化[40]:MDA与膜蛋白交联加剧区室化崩溃,促进PPO与酚类接触;H2O2作为PPO的激活因子进一步加速醌类生成[31],导致色泽衰败及质地软化,最终导致商品价值丧失。本研究中,0.5 g/L的CA处理可以显著抑制PPO、POD、PAL的酶活和基因表达水平,延缓总酚、类黄酮的合成和氧化,同时CA处理也可以显著维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶SOD、CAT、GR、APX活性和表达水平,延缓MDA、H2O2含量和O2−·产生速率的上升,保持较好的细胞膜结构,进而延缓红变的发生。
相关性分析结果表明,抗氧化酶基因表达水平与其活性呈现正相关关系,但两者并非完全同步,这一现象提示除转录水平调控外,酶活性可能还受到翻译后修饰或环境因子的调控。东莨菪内酯含量与ROS含量(包括H2O2和O2−·)均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),这种正相关关系的形成机制主要是通过PAL活性来介导的。进一步分析发现,酚类代谢产物的积累与抗氧化酶活性之间存在显著负相关(P<0.05),表明酚类物质代谢与氧化应激反应之间存在复杂的动态平衡关系,这可能是调控鲜切莴苣红变进程的关键节点。综合研究结果可知,CA处理通过多途径、多层次的协同作用调控鲜切莴苣的红变过程:a.显著抑制PAL等关键酶的活性进而有效降低东莨菪内酯等次生代谢产物的积累;b.激活GR、APX等抗氧化酶系统,维持细胞内氧化还原稳态。
图8为CA调控ROS代谢、延缓鲜切莴苣色泽劣变的机理预测。首先,该酶催化一元酚类物质通过羟基化作用转化为二元酚类衍生物,此过程呈现动力学限制性特征,反应速率较缓且生成无色中间产物。随后,二元酚类化合物经历快速氧化反应,最终形成醌类物质,同时伴随特征性显色现象[41]。机械损伤会引发细胞内ROS水平的急剧升高,这种氧化应激状态可触发膜脂过氧化链式反应[35,42−43]。因此,通过外源干预调控ROS代谢,可能成为抑制鲜切蔬菜色泽劣变的有效策略。
本研究表明,0.5 g/L 的CA处理显著抑制了鲜切莴苣的红变,主要通过以下机制实现:CA通过降低PPO和POD的酶活性及其基因表达,减少了酚类物质的氧化反应,减缓了鲜切莴苣色泽劣变,同时CA处理显著增强了SOD、CAT、GR和APX等抗氧化酶的活性和相关基因表达,促进ROS的清除,缓解氧化应激,保护细胞膜的完整性。综上,CA通过协同调控抗氧化防御体系,有效延长了鲜切莴苣的贮藏寿命。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040385
  • 接收时间:2025-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06
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    1大连工业大学食品学院,辽宁大连 116034
    2贺州学院食品与生物工程学院,广西康养食品科学与技术重点实验室,广西贺州 542899
    3南昌师范学院化学与食品科学学院,江西南昌 330032

通讯作者:

殷菲胧(1994−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:果蔬采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
帅良(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:采后保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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