Article(id=1320166575718646706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050208, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747843200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681839159, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681839159, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681839159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681839159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=419, endPage=425, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166575903196083, articleId=1320166575718646706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Laetiporus sulphureus Ameliorating Ovalbumin-induced Food Allergy in Mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 Pathway, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of Laetiporus sulphureus in a mouse model of food allergy (FA). Methods: Mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: control, FA, L. sulphureus prevention and L. sulphureus treatment. The FA model was established via combined transdermal [calcipotriol ointment mixed with ovalbumin (OVA)] and oral OVA challenges. The prevention group received daily oral gavage of a suspension of L. sulphureus (2×109 CFU/day) from the initiation of the experiment, whereas the treatment group was administered the same dosage of the bacterial suspension for 4 weeks following successful model establishment. Systemic allergic responses were assessed by monitoring body temperature and clinical symptoms post-challenge and serum IgE and mMCP-1 levels were quantified using ELISA. In addition, histopathological changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue staining, and Western blotting was performed to analyze the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway in lung tissues to assess its potential role in the response of L. sulphureus to OVA-induced FA. Results: Compared with the control mice, those in the FA group were characterized by hypothermia, elevated levels of IgE and mMCP-1, intestinal mucosal damage, mast cell infiltration, and pulmonary vascular dilation, along with the upregulated expression of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB, and MyD88. Intervention with L. sulphureus was found to contribute to a significant mitigation of the aforementioned adverse effects, reducing hypothermia, lowering IgE/mMCP-1 levels, attenuating tissue damage, and downregulating activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway. Conclusion: Laetiporus sulphureus can contribute to alleviating OVA-induced FA in mice by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway, thereby indicating the potential utility of this bacterium as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of food allergies.

, authors=Kangshuai ZHANG1, Haozhen ZHANG1, Xiaoxia SHI1, Qiujuan LI1, Ziyi ZHOU1, Zhimeng LÜ1, Jing LI2, Jie BAI1, Xiance SUN1, Chenbing WU1, *, authorsList=Kangshuai ZHANG, Haozhen ZHANG, Xiaoxia SHI, Qiujuan LI, Ziyi ZHOU, Zhimeng LÜ, Jing LI, Jie BAI, Xiance SUN, Chenbing WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chenbing WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166577106961342, articleId=1320166575718646706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=朱红硫磺菌经TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88通路改善小鼠卵清白蛋白食物过敏, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探究朱红硫磺菌改善小鼠食物过敏(Food Allergy,FA)的作用及机制。方法:将小鼠随机分为对照组、FA组、朱红硫磺菌预防组及治疗组。采用经皮与灌胃联合方式建立小鼠FA模型,即用卡泊三醇软膏混合卵清白蛋白(Ovalbumin,OVA)涂抹引起小鼠皮肤炎症,同时每周灌胃OVA攻击一次。预防组自实验开始每天灌胃朱红硫磺菌菌液(2×109 CFU/d);治疗组于模型成立后给予相同剂量菌液,持续4周。监测攻击后小鼠体温变化及过敏症状。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)法检测血清IgE及小鼠肥大细胞蛋白酶(Mouse Mast Cell Protease-1,mMCP-1)的水平;苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining,H&E)染色及甲苯胺蓝染色评估组织病理学变化。采用蛋白质免疫印迹(Western Blotting,WB)法检测肺组织中Toll样受体4(Toll-like Receptor 4,TLR4)/核因子κB(Nuclear Factor kappa-B,NF-κB)/髓样分化因子88(Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88,MyD88)信号通路的变化以探究其在朱红硫磺菌缓解OVA所致FA反应中的作用。结果:与对照组相比,FA组小鼠体温显著降低,血清IgE和mMCP-1水平升高,并伴有肠黏膜损伤、肥大细胞浸润及肺血管扩张,TLR4、NF-κB磷酸化水平及MyD88表达量升高。与FA组相比,经朱红硫磺菌干预后小鼠体温下降程度减轻,IgE和mMCP-1水平降低,组织病理损伤减轻,且TLR4、NF-κB磷酸化水平及MyD88表达量均明显下调。结论:OVA经皮联合灌胃致敏可诱导小鼠FA模型,朱红硫磺菌可经由TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88通路缓解OVA所诱导的小鼠FA反应。

, authors=张康帅1, 张浩祯1, 史晓霞1, 李秋娟1, 周梓怡1, 吕之萌1, 李静2, 白洁1, 孙鲜策1, 吴晨冰1, *, authorsList=张康帅, 张浩祯, 史晓霞, 李秋娟, 周梓怡, 吕之萌, 李静, 白洁, 孙鲜策, 吴晨冰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴晨冰, authorNote=

张康帅(2003−),男,大学本科,研究方向:预防医学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
吴晨冰(1996−),女,硕士,实验师,研究方向:环境砷暴露的毒作用研究,E-mail:。
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张康帅(2003−),男,大学本科,研究方向:预防医学,E-mail:

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张康帅(2003−),男,大学本科,研究方向:预防医学,E-mail:

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注:与对照组相比,*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,****表示P<0.0001;与FA组相比,#表示P<0.05,##表示P<0.01,###表示P<0.001,####表示P<0.0001;图3、图5同。

, figureFileSmall=94ivSIReqYRESsoGRETUEw==, figureFileBig=CkQ/ti9rEtAsWnaQ0J7Sqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167241639899954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166575718646706, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in allergy-related parameters in murine serum, figureFileSmall=KlYDLEMZHHVNYg+bLFYJiA==, figureFileBig=D+JLvmgJmGDpr6sR+ImbGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167241707008819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166575718646706, language=CN, label=图3, caption=小鼠血清中过敏相关指标的变化

注:与朱红硫磺菌预防组相比,&&表示P<0.01。

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朱红硫磺菌经TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88通路改善小鼠卵清白蛋白食物过敏
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张康帅 1 , 张浩祯 1 , 史晓霞 1 , 李秋娟 1 , 周梓怡 1 , 吕之萌 1 , 李静 2 , 白洁 1 , 孙鲜策 1 , 吴晨冰 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(11): 419-425
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (11) : 419 -425
朱红硫磺菌经TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88通路改善小鼠卵清白蛋白食物过敏
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张康帅1 , 张浩祯1, 史晓霞1, 李秋娟1, 周梓怡1, 吕之萌1, 李静2, 白洁1, 孙鲜策1, 吴晨冰1, *
作者信息
  • 1大连医科大学公共卫生学院,辽宁大连 116044
  • 2大连医科大学基础医学院,辽宁大连 116044
通讯作者:
吴晨冰(1996−),女,硕士,实验师,研究方向:环境砷暴露的毒作用研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张康帅(2003−),男,大学本科,研究方向:预防医学,E-mail:

Laetiporus sulphureus Ameliorating Ovalbumin-induced Food Allergy in Mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 Pathway
Kangshuai ZHANG1 , Haozhen ZHANG1, Xiaoxia SHI1, Qiujuan LI1, Ziyi ZHOU1, Zhimeng LÜ1, Jing LI2, Jie BAI1, Xiance SUN1, Chenbing WU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
  • 2College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050208
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目的:探究朱红硫磺菌改善小鼠食物过敏(Food Allergy,FA)的作用及机制。方法:将小鼠随机分为对照组、FA组、朱红硫磺菌预防组及治疗组。采用经皮与灌胃联合方式建立小鼠FA模型,即用卡泊三醇软膏混合卵清白蛋白(Ovalbumin,OVA)涂抹引起小鼠皮肤炎症,同时每周灌胃OVA攻击一次。预防组自实验开始每天灌胃朱红硫磺菌菌液(2×109 CFU/d);治疗组于模型成立后给予相同剂量菌液,持续4周。监测攻击后小鼠体温变化及过敏症状。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)法检测血清IgE及小鼠肥大细胞蛋白酶(Mouse Mast Cell Protease-1,mMCP-1)的水平;苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining,H&E)染色及甲苯胺蓝染色评估组织病理学变化。采用蛋白质免疫印迹(Western Blotting,WB)法检测肺组织中Toll样受体4(Toll-like Receptor 4,TLR4)/核因子κB(Nuclear Factor kappa-B,NF-κB)/髓样分化因子88(Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88,MyD88)信号通路的变化以探究其在朱红硫磺菌缓解OVA所致FA反应中的作用。结果:与对照组相比,FA组小鼠体温显著降低,血清IgE和mMCP-1水平升高,并伴有肠黏膜损伤、肥大细胞浸润及肺血管扩张,TLR4、NF-κB磷酸化水平及MyD88表达量升高。与FA组相比,经朱红硫磺菌干预后小鼠体温下降程度减轻,IgE和mMCP-1水平降低,组织病理损伤减轻,且TLR4、NF-κB磷酸化水平及MyD88表达量均明显下调。结论:OVA经皮联合灌胃致敏可诱导小鼠FA模型,朱红硫磺菌可经由TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88通路缓解OVA所诱导的小鼠FA反应。

过敏反应  /  朱红硫磺菌  /  炎症反应  /  TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88通路

Objective: In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of Laetiporus sulphureus in a mouse model of food allergy (FA). Methods: Mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: control, FA, L. sulphureus prevention and L. sulphureus treatment. The FA model was established via combined transdermal [calcipotriol ointment mixed with ovalbumin (OVA)] and oral OVA challenges. The prevention group received daily oral gavage of a suspension of L. sulphureus (2×109 CFU/day) from the initiation of the experiment, whereas the treatment group was administered the same dosage of the bacterial suspension for 4 weeks following successful model establishment. Systemic allergic responses were assessed by monitoring body temperature and clinical symptoms post-challenge and serum IgE and mMCP-1 levels were quantified using ELISA. In addition, histopathological changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue staining, and Western blotting was performed to analyze the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway in lung tissues to assess its potential role in the response of L. sulphureus to OVA-induced FA. Results: Compared with the control mice, those in the FA group were characterized by hypothermia, elevated levels of IgE and mMCP-1, intestinal mucosal damage, mast cell infiltration, and pulmonary vascular dilation, along with the upregulated expression of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB, and MyD88. Intervention with L. sulphureus was found to contribute to a significant mitigation of the aforementioned adverse effects, reducing hypothermia, lowering IgE/mMCP-1 levels, attenuating tissue damage, and downregulating activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway. Conclusion: Laetiporus sulphureus can contribute to alleviating OVA-induced FA in mice by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway, thereby indicating the potential utility of this bacterium as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of food allergies.

allergic reaction  /  Laetiporus sulphureus  /  inflammatory response  /  TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway
张康帅, 张浩祯, 史晓霞, 李秋娟, 周梓怡, 吕之萌, 李静, 白洁, 孙鲜策, 吴晨冰. 朱红硫磺菌经TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88通路改善小鼠卵清白蛋白食物过敏. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 419 -425 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050208
Kangshuai ZHANG, Haozhen ZHANG, Xiaoxia SHI, Qiujuan LI, Ziyi ZHOU, Zhimeng LÜ, Jing LI, Jie BAI, Xiance SUN, Chenbing WU. Laetiporus sulphureus Ameliorating Ovalbumin-induced Food Allergy in Mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 Pathway[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 419 -425 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050208
过敏反应作为21世纪全球公共卫生领域的重要挑战,已被世界卫生组织列为三大重点防控疾病之一[1]。在这类由免疫系统异常应答引起的多系统受累性疾病中,食物过敏(Food Allergy,FA)因其发病率持续攀升、发病机制及临床表现的复杂性,已成为威胁人类健康的重要公共卫生问题[2−3]。据世界过敏组织(World Allergy Organization,WAO)报道,加拿大、芬兰、澳大利亚5岁以下儿童食物过敏患病率高达11%,而我国此年龄段FA自报率为4.81%[4]。
近些年来,全球范围内FA的发病率呈现上升趋势,已有研究指出,FA的发生与共生微生物群落的生态失调有关,其中肠道菌群有着重要的作用[1,5]。肠道菌群作为一个复杂的微生物系统,可经由神经、内分泌等途径参与宿主生理调节,对维持人体健康有着重要的作用,其在免疫调控中的核心作用日益受到重视。目前FA的临床治疗仍以肾上腺素、抗组胺药等药物为主,虽可缓解过敏症状却往往伴有不良反应且不能治愈[6−7],因此探索能够减少或替代药物治疗FA的新策略逐渐成为研究热点,而在现有的研究中益生菌及其相关制品在过敏反应中展现出了潜力,使用益生菌及其相关制品调节机体免疫微环境或可成为新的FA治疗手段。多项研究表明,FA患者存在肠道菌群多样性降低、短链脂肪酸减少的特征性改变[8−10],这为益生菌干预疗法提供了理论依据。适量的益生菌干预可缓解FA的病理症状[11−13],并且WAO推荐的过敏预防指南建议对孩子过敏风险高的孕妇和哺乳期妇女补充益生菌进行预防性干预[14]。肠道微生物的免疫调控可能通过“肠-肺轴”实现,即肠道与肺部之间通过免疫细胞、代谢物及微生物信号进行双向沟通,在这一过程中益生菌进入肠道后可通过一系列调控作用进而影响肺组织[15]。
目前对益生菌的研究多集中于乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等细菌益生菌,对真菌益生菌的探索相对匮乏。从结构的角度看,细菌益生菌结构较真菌简单,缺乏细胞核、细胞骨架及膜状胞器,因此在参与生命活动中的功能较真菌益生菌稍显不足[16],一种菌株往往只针对于一种症状,从而常需联合多种菌株(如双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊、双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片)以治疗复杂疾病。相比之下,真菌益生菌具有真核结构,功能调控更为多样,因此其开发与应用潜力亟待进一步挖掘。硫磺菌是一类在自然界中广泛存在的真菌,其功效可涉及抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等多个方面,其中,朱红硫磺菌(Laetiporus sulphureus)作为一种药食两用真菌在机体生理调节的作用逐渐得到了广泛的重视。近年来朱红硫磺菌的免疫调节功能日益受到关注,其多糖具有刺激巨噬细胞吞噬的作用,展现出调节免疫活性的潜力[17];此外朱红硫磺菌子实体内含有的齿孔酸可应用于合成甾体药物(如肾上腺皮质激素),在抗炎与免疫方面有着重要的意义。目前,朱红硫磺菌在炎症性肠病、消化道溃疡的治疗中已显示出显著疗效。然而,其更广泛的作用仍有待进一步开发。出于对安全问题的考量,食物过敏原免疫治疗已经扩展到降低风险的替代疗法,研究发现设计用于靶向Toll样受体(Toll-like Receptors,TLRs)途径的佐剂(TLR-9和TLR-4激动剂,益生菌等)是代替传统治疗方法的方案之一[6]。因此,针对该通路进行干预可能为FA的治疗提供新的思路。
本实验选用卵清白蛋白(Ovalbumin,OVA)诱导BALB/c小鼠发生FA并使用朱红硫磺菌对小鼠进行干预,通过检测相关指标的变化以探讨朱红硫磺菌在FA中的作用及机制,以期为FA的防治提供新的靶点。
SPF级BALB/c雌性小鼠 6~8周龄,40只,20~22 g,辽宁长生生物有限公司[许可证编号:SYXK(辽)2024-0002,伦理证号:AEE24077],正式实验之前小鼠进行为期一周的适应性饲养;卵清白蛋白(Ovalbumin,OVA,批号:A5253) 西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司;卡泊三醇软膏、朱红硫磺菌菌液 大连图腾生命科学发展公司;小鼠mMCP-1检测试剂盒(批号:KX30049-A)、小鼠IgE检测试剂盒(批号:KX2056-A) 上海科兴生物科技有限公司;肥大细胞(甲苯胺蓝)染液(批号:D034-1-1) 南京建成科技有限公司;中性树胶(批号:G8590)、浓缩胶缓冲液(批号:T1020)、分离胶缓冲液(批号:T1010)、30%制胶液(批号:A1010) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;PVDF膜 美国Millipore公司;BCA蛋白浓度定量试剂盒 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;β-actin(批号:66009-1-Ig)、TLR4(批号:466350-1-Ig) 美国Proteintech公司;MyD88(批号:WL02494) 沈阳万类生物科技有限公司;p-NF-κB(ser536)(批号:bs-17502R) 北京博奥森生物技术有限公司;NF-κB(批号:T55034) 艾比玛特医药科技(上海)有限公司。
FT3400小鼠测温仪 淮北达斯加尔生物科技有限公司;MA204电子天平 美国梅特勒-托利多公司;1SPA-0096酶标仪 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;Eppen-dorf移液器、5804 R冷冻离心机 德国eppendorf股份公司;掌上离心机 日本TOMY公司;KD-TS1A组织脱水机、KD-2260切片机、KD-BLIV包埋机冷台、KD-TK摊烤片机 浙江科迪公司;MF52-N倒置荧光显微镜 广州明美公司;TANKMPK01 Milli-Q超纯水仪 上海乐枫生物科技有限公司;XB-130制冰机 宁波新芝生物科技公司;HT-600D电泳仪 北京鸿涛基业科技发展有限责任公司;SH- Cute523化学发光成像系统 杭州申花科技有限公司。
实验周期内小鼠饲养于SPF内,实验开始前小鼠适应性喂养7 d并观察动物健康状况,每盒动物数为5只,动物盒内铺垫灭菌的软木材屑,动物实验室温度控制在23~25 ℃,相对湿度保持在50%~60%,换气次数为每小时12次左右,光照为12 h亮/12 h暗。动物饲料为棒状、烘干的饲料,实验周期内小鼠自由饮水。将40只雌性BALB/c小鼠按随机化原则分为4组,即对照组、FA组、朱红硫磺菌预防组及朱红硫磺菌治疗组,每组10只。将OVA与卡泊三醇软膏按重量比1:50 均匀混合;除对照组外,其余3组每只小鼠双耳部及背部皮肤各涂抹20 mg含有400 μg OVA的软膏混合物,持续至实验结束,朱红硫磺菌预防组小鼠从建模开始起每天灌胃朱红硫磺菌菌液(2×109 CFU/d);朱红硫磺菌治疗组小鼠自21 d攻击后开始每天灌胃朱红硫磺菌(2×109 CFU/d),连续4周。分别于第7、14、21、28、35、42、49 d进行灌胃攻击,OVA灌胃剂量为50 mg/只。于第21 d起每次攻击前记录小鼠基础体温值及灌胃攻击15 min后体温,计算同一小鼠前后差值;每次攻击后1 h内,观察小鼠过敏症状。
OVA攻击1 h内观察小鼠过敏症状,记录出现过敏症状的小鼠只数,过敏症状评价指标有:四肢、背、鼻周皮肤变红,快速搔抓和摩搓鼻周围及挠头(>10次)、腹泻[18]。
实验结束后使用三溴乙醇经腹腔给药麻醉小鼠后,剪去胡须,采用摘眼球的方法收集小鼠全血于EP管中室温静置30 min后在4 ℃,4000 r/min的条件下离心5 min以收集血清样本。收集各小鼠同一部位肺及肠组织于福尔马林溶液中固定,其余部分分装后低温储存。
血清样本按照ELISA说明书步骤进行实验操作,实验结束后于酶标仪450 nm处读数,使用标准曲线法根据所测得OD值计算小鼠血清mMCP-1、IgE的含量。
小鼠肺组织及肠组织固定后包埋。经脱蜡,水化,染液染色,水洗,分色后自然晾干,用中性树胶封片,镜检观察[19]。
从固定液中捞取肺、肠组织置于全自动组织脱水机进行组织脱水后浸蜡包埋,制备厚度为4 μm的石蜡切片,将石蜡切片依次进行脱蜡水化—苏木精溶液染色—盐酸乙醇分色—伊红染色—脱水—二甲苯浸润后,使用中性树胶进行封片[20]。
切取30 mg肺组织于EP管中加入500 mL 1×PBS后剪碎;4 ℃,4000 r/min,离心5 min后弃净上层清液;加入500 μL裂解液(裂解液组分为RIPA:PMSF=1000:10)后使用组织研磨仪研磨;4 ℃,14000 r/min离心15 min后收集上清液BCA法标定计算样本蛋白浓度,加入5×蛋白质上样缓冲液后煮沸,所得即为肺组织全蛋白。
根据目的蛋白的分子量制备相应浓度的分离胶,进行电泳;300 mA转印1.5 h后10%脱脂奶粉封闭1.5 h;根据抗体说明书推荐比例稀释一抗(TLR4,1:1000;p-NF-κB,1:1000;NF-κB,1:5000;β-actin,1:5000;MyD88,1:500),4 ℃孵育后室温1 h孵育二抗;均匀滴加ECL发光液显影。使用ImageJ软件计算分析蛋白条带灰度值。
本实验所得数据由至少3次重复独立实验所获取,实验结果以均数±标准差($ \overline{\mathrm{X}} $±S)表示。TLR4、MyD88的相对表达水平以其占β-actin的百分比表示;p-NF-κB相对表达水平以占NF-κB百分比表示。使用统计软件SPSS 26.0对实验数据进行统计学分析,选用单因素分析(One-way Analysis of Variance,One-way ANOVA)以比较各组之间的均数,选择P<0.05作为显著性差异衡量标准。将P<0.05确认为数据间具有显著差异,将P<0.01确认为数据间有极显著差异。
为探讨FA过程中小鼠的改变及朱红硫磺菌的作用,本研究建立了OVA致BABL/c小鼠过敏模型并给予朱红硫磺菌菌液进行干预。通过观察记录小鼠灌胃1 h内的过敏症状发现,对照组小鼠灌胃后无任何过敏表现,FA组小鼠出现快速抓挠和摩搓鼻及挠头(>10次),皮肤变红以及腹泻,表明小鼠FA模型建立成功。与FA组小鼠相比,朱红硫磺菌预防组和治疗组小鼠发生上述过敏症状即快速抓挠和摩搓鼻及挠头(>10次),皮肤变红以及腹泻的数量减少,提示朱红硫磺菌可能缓解小鼠过敏症状(图1A~图1C)。
体温降低是过敏反应发生的标志之一[21],实验最后一天时测量每只小鼠基础体温和攻击15 min后体温并进行差值计算。灌胃攻击后,与对照组相比,FA组体温极显著降低约1.42 ℃(P<0.0001),而与FA组相比,朱红硫磺菌预防组和治疗组小鼠体温降低分别为0.52 ℃和0.84 ℃(P<0.01,P<0.05),表明朱红硫磺菌可缓解由OVA所诱导的体温降低(图2)。预防组小鼠体温降低幅度低于治疗组,提示朱红硫磺菌在FA进程中的预防性干预可能优于治疗性干预。
MCP-1在过敏反应中发挥着重要的作用,其水平与肥大细胞脱颗粒和过敏反应强度密切相关。图3血清学分析显示,FA组小鼠血清IgE和mMCP-1水平极显著高于对照组(P<0.0001)证明FA发生;与FA组相比,经朱红硫磺菌干预后的预防及治疗组中均出现不同程度的IgE和mMCP-1水平降低,其中预防组IgE水平下降幅度显著高于治疗组(P<0.01),表明预防性给药在缓解FA方面更具优势。
此外,在小鼠空肠病理切片中可以观察到,对照组肠管各层结构正常,黏膜、腺体完整,未见明显肥大细胞浸润。FA组肠管黏膜上皮不完整,局部可见脱落,蓝色箭头所示为肠黏膜损伤(图4A),黏膜下层甲苯胺蓝染色可见肥大细胞浸润(红色箭头指示为肥大细胞脱颗粒,图4B)。在朱红硫磺菌预防组和治疗组中,肠管各层结构正常,黏膜完整腺体排列整齐,虽可见少量炎细胞但甲苯胺蓝染色未观测到肥大细胞浸润及脱颗粒情况(图4),上述结果进一步表明朱红硫磺菌对FA的保护作用。
由图5A~图5B所示,对照组肺组织结构正常,甲苯胺蓝染色未见明显肥大细胞浸润;FA组肺部血管可见扩张充血(图5A蓝色箭头所示),甲苯胺蓝结果中显示肺支气管周围间质肥大细胞浸润并伴有明显脱颗粒(图5B红色箭头所示为肥大细胞)。朱红硫磺菌预防组肺血管扩张充血,朱红硫磺菌治疗组甲苯胺蓝可见肥大细胞浸润但无脱颗粒。
FA可作用于机体各组织,其中对肺组织的影响常体现为炎症性疾病。本研究通过检测不同组别小鼠肺组织中TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88信号通路相关指标,发现与对照组相比,OVA的使用可导致FA组小鼠肺组织TLR4和MyD88表达量显著增加,NF-κB磷酸化水平显著增高(P<0.05)。而与FA组相比,朱红硫磺菌预防组及朱红硫磺菌治疗组中TLR4和MyD88表达量及NF-κB磷酸化水平均降低,表明OVA所诱发的FA可因朱红硫磺菌的两种不同处理而得到改善,以上结果提示朱红硫磺菌可通过TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88通路缓解小鼠FA反应(图5C~图5F)。
本实验通过OVA灌胃联合皮肤涂抹的方式建立BALB/c小鼠FA模型,并使用朱红硫磺菌对小鼠进行干预,研究发现真菌益生菌朱红硫磺菌能通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88信号通路,减轻OVA所诱导的炎症反应,从而有效缓解食物过敏症状。
FA是由食物过敏原触发机体异常免疫应答所导致的病理状态,主要包括急性过敏反应和过敏反应、食物蛋白诱导的过敏性直结肠炎、食物蛋白诱导的小肠结肠炎综合征、食物依赖性、运动诱导的过敏反应和口腔过敏综合征(花粉-食物过敏综合征)[22]。FA可累及机体多个器官,根据发病机制可分为:由IgE所介导的Ⅰ型超敏反应,常于接触食物过敏原后2 h内引发;非IgE介导的FA;混合IgE介导的FA[23]。FA的典型特征包括:a.上皮细胞通透性增加;b.树突状细胞反应偏斜;c.肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的募集;d.诱导食物抗原特异性IgE的产生[24−25]。因小鼠皮肤屏障在接触到致敏原后被破坏从而导致致敏性增加,而接触到致敏原的肠道可因渗透性增加而产生过敏反应,形成皮肤-肠道串扰[18,26]。OVA是鸡蛋中的主要蛋白质,是广泛用于诱导动物过敏模型的模式抗原,因此在对FA的探究中常使用OVA进行过敏反应的诱导[27]。基于上述机制,本研究中采用涂抹联合OVA灌胃的方式破坏小鼠皮肤屏障增强肠道致敏性,辅以每周OVA灌胃增强模型稳定性,进行小鼠FA模型的建立。模型有效性通过小鼠行为学变化(抓挠、皮肤变红、腹泻及体温降低),血清中IgE和mMCP-1水平的升高,以及肠道及肺组织病理损伤得到证实。
益生菌是一类可定殖在宿主体内,通过调节菌群组成而对宿主有益的活性微生物。本研究显示,朱红硫磺菌干预后可显著减轻过敏症状,其治疗潜力与益生菌F. prausnitzii显示在慢性肾病(Chronic Kidney Disease,CKD)治疗以及益生元/后生元通过重塑肠道菌群缓解乳清蛋白诱导的大鼠FA中的作用类似[28−29]。此外,本研究中所证实的口服朱红硫磺菌可有效缓解小鼠肠道及肺组织的损伤这一结果,与肠道微生物群可经“脑-肠-微生物群轴”调控机体疾病过程、肠道菌群可经“肠-肺轴”介导对肺组织的作用相吻合[15,30]。近些年来提出了肠道、呼吸道通过微生物和机体可形成双向串扰的理论[31],进一步支持了益生菌在FA治疗中的应用价值。
在机制层面,TLRs通路是当前研究的焦点之一。Toll样受体4(Toll-like Receptor 4,TLR4)是TLR家族中的一员,作为先天免疫中识别病原体相关分子模式的关键受体,其信号传导主要依赖于骨髓分化因子88(Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88,MyD88)—除TLR3外所有TLR的适配器[32]。TLR4识别特定的病原体相关分子模式,在炎性刺激激活后,招募MyD88并触发一系列反应,进而导致NF-κB磷酸化后通过调节促炎介质的转录和翻译来放大炎症反应[33]。过敏反应可累及肺部,作为常见的靶器官,其炎症反应与TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的异常激活密切相关[34−37]。已有研究发现,在BALB/c小鼠过敏性哮喘和肺炎模型中,益生菌和益生元可经由TLR4/NF-κB信号通路发挥治疗作用[36]。本研究结果显示,在肺组织内因FA所致TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88信号通路的激活,可因给予朱红硫磺菌干预而得到了有效的抑制,与已有研究相符。
本研究通过皮肤-灌胃联合致敏方式,成功构建了OVA诱导的小鼠FA模型,从动物模型、组织病理及信号通路等多个维度上证实,真菌益生菌朱红硫磺菌可有效缓解FA反应,其作用机制可能为抑制TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88信号通路,从而减轻炎症反应并促进修复组织损伤。此外,朱红硫磺菌经由“肠-肺轴”介导的免疫调节作用,为FA的防治提供了新策略和潜在治疗靶点,进一步证实了朱红硫菌在过敏性疾病治疗中的应用潜力。
综上所述,本研究不仅为FA的防治提供了新的益生菌资源,也进一步深化了对“微生物-肠-肺轴”在免疫调节中作用机制的认识,为益生菌的临床应用和人体微生态健康关系的深入探索提供了理论依据。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050208
  • 接收时间:2025-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22
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    1大连医科大学公共卫生学院,辽宁大连 116044
    2大连医科大学基础医学院,辽宁大连 116044

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吴晨冰(1996−),女,硕士,实验师,研究方向:环境砷暴露的毒作用研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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