Article(id=1320166524233564799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060377, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751299200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681826884, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681826884, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681826884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681826884, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=410, endPage=418, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166526112612992, articleId=1320166524233564799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of High-pressure Processing on the Tenderness and Shelf Life of Preconditioned Yak Meat, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the tenderness and shelf life of pre-conditioned yak meat, this study used untreated conventional pre-conditioned yak meat as the control group. The changes in tenderness indicators, including shear force, cooking loss, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), protein solubility, surface hydrophobicity, and intrinsic fluorescence spectra, as well as shelf-life indicators, including total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total viable count were examined under different HPP conditions (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 MPa). The results demonstrated that HPP significantly improved the tenderness and prolonged the shelf life of yak meat (P<0.05). Among the tested pressures, the 300 MPa treatment achieved the best results. The treated yak meat exhibited a shear force of 11.22±0.25 N, a cooking loss of 25.06%±0.23%, a myofibrillar fragmentation index value of 110.4±0.40, a surface hydrophobicity of 49.41±0.04, a protein solubility of 63.21%±0.04%, a maximum fluorescence peak excitation wavelength of 325 nm, and TBARS, TVB-N, total viable bacterial counts within the permissible safety limits throughout the 15 d storage period, achieving a 9 d shelf life extension compared to the control group.

, authors=Xiaoyue SONG1, 2, Yingqiao PENG1, Qiuhong LIAO3, Chengjian XU2, Yuchen ZHU1, *, authorsList=Xiaoyue SONG, Yingqiao PENG, Qiuhong LIAO, Chengjian XU, Yuchen ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuchen ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166530139144846, articleId=1320166524233564799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=超高压处理对预调理牦牛肉嫩度及贮藏期的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究超高压处理对预调理牦牛肉嫩度及贮藏期的影响,本研究以未经超高压处理的普通调理牦牛肉为对照组,研究不同超高压处理条件(100、200、300、400、500 MPa)下,预调理牦牛肉剪切力、蒸煮损失、肌原纤维小片化指数(Myofibrillar Fragmentation Index,MFI)、蛋白质溶解度、表面疏水性、内源荧光光谱等嫩度指标和挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸值(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS)、菌落总数等贮藏指标变化情况。结果表明:超高压处理能显著提升牦牛肉嫩度并延长贮藏期(P<0.05)。其中,300 MPa处理效果最佳,处理后的牦牛肉剪切力为11.22±0.25 N,蒸煮损失为25.06%±0.23%,肌原纤维小片化指数值为110.40±0.40,表面疏水性为49.41±0.04,蛋白质溶解度为63.21%±0.04%,最大荧光峰激发波长为325 nm,且TBARS值、TVB-N值、菌落总数在15 d内保持在安全标准规定范围内,相比对照组货架期延长9 d。

, authors=宋晓玥1, 2, 彭鹰翘1, 廖秋红3, 许程剑2, 朱雨辰1, *, authorsList=宋晓玥, 彭鹰翘, 廖秋红, 许程剑, 朱雨辰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱雨辰, authorNote=

宋晓玥(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
朱雨辰(1988−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品加工与安全控制,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xUOxj5qPKpWvWw95+4KTBA==, magXml=G25FT89WdyFjfRdQMlJVnQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Dc2QSLl3St4LelNsHu6hUQ==, pdfFileSize=1105862, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=8yWhA8cLumBRI6+3xr7xrw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zgc4V2E9edfsziaCl7+UIg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320167069048488238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2504348938@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320167069149151537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, authorId=1320167069048488238, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyue SONG, firstName=Xiaoyue, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320167090259083693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李儒仁, 林世文, 荣良燕, 等. 壳聚糖协同生物源保鲜剂对冷鲜牛肉的保鲜效果[J]. 肉类研究, 2018, 32(3): 24−28. [LI Ruren, LIN Shiwen, RONG Liangyan, et al. Preservation of chilled beef by using chitosan combined with biopreservatives[J]. Meat Research, 2018, 32(3): 24−28.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320167090326192558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Ruren, LIN Shiwen, RONG Liangyan, et al. Preservation of chilled beef by using chitosan combined with biopreservatives[J]. 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注:图中不同字母表示结果具有显著性差异(P<0.05),图2~图5同。

, figureFileSmall=f8h0EaV9a7HF49706KN3Xw==, figureFileBig=V0/ogsJtfwgUJum0iqEcqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167072735281491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of pressure on cooking losses of yak meat, figureFileSmall=d7HfCy3DfoqJVUNt8Lnz6A==, figureFileBig=ZvZ4Udx5FXLmbFoj7ejr7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167072789807444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=CN, label=图2, caption=压力对牦牛肉蒸煮损失的影响, figureFileSmall=d7HfCy3DfoqJVUNt8Lnz6A==, figureFileBig=ZvZ4Udx5FXLmbFoj7ejr7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167072882082133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of pressure on myofibrillar fragmentation index of yak meat, figureFileSmall=j5EJM8VUpW/CX4VYf2ykxw==, figureFileBig=Bhv8j9uJ1bwAvG/p8WCw3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167072944996694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=CN, label=图3, caption=压力对牦牛肉肌原纤维小片化指数的影响, figureFileSmall=j5EJM8VUpW/CX4VYf2ykxw==, figureFileBig=Bhv8j9uJ1bwAvG/p8WCw3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167073045659991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of pressure on surface hydrophobicity of yak meat, figureFileSmall=k2apEQICtugy1+l7yrbFhA==, figureFileBig=aAsBD1OhZhhO6N6wieKEww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167073116963160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=CN, label=图4, caption=压力对牦牛肉表面疏水性的影响, figureFileSmall=k2apEQICtugy1+l7yrbFhA==, figureFileBig=aAsBD1OhZhhO6N6wieKEww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167073209237849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of pressure on protein solubility of yak meat, figureFileSmall=ZuuavksLbpRWWohygrOibA==, figureFileBig=9JC+ajsUzlJr8WQ5Yrn6ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167073280541018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=CN, label=图5, caption=压力对牦牛肉蛋白溶解度的影响, figureFileSmall=ZuuavksLbpRWWohygrOibA==, figureFileBig=9JC+ajsUzlJr8WQ5Yrn6ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167073351844187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy of yak meat proteins after high-pressure processing treatment, figureFileSmall=6VI7yqFNHZsZSv2wBemu/w==, figureFileBig=wjPg9hXczmEdyCgnafU8Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167073418953052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=CN, label=图6, caption=超高压压力作用后牦牛肉蛋白内源荧光光谱, figureFileSmall=6VI7yqFNHZsZSv2wBemu/w==, figureFileBig=wjPg9hXczmEdyCgnafU8Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167073473479005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Changes in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) during storage period (mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(d)组别
CK100 MPa200 MPa300 MPa400 MPa500 MPa
013.47±0.81Ca12.73±0.40Ea12.73±0.40Ea12.27±0.40Fa12.97±0.40Fa12.50±0.00Ea
316.63±0.40Ba14.30±0.70Db14.53±0.81Db14.07±0.40Eb14.77±0.40Eb13.37±0.40Eb
617.73±0.40Ba17.50±0.70Cab15.63±0.40Dbc16.33±0.40Db16.57±0.40Dabc15.80±0.36Dbc
921.97±0.38Aa18.67±0.40BCb17.03±0.40Cc17.73±0.40Cbc17.37±0.91CDbc16.33±0.40Dc
12−19.97±0.35Ba18.20±0.00BCc19.13±0.40Bb17.97±0.40Cc17.53±0.06Cc
15−21.70±0.70Aa19.37±0.40Bb19.80±0.44Bb18.90±0.00BCb18.67±0.40Bb
18−−21.50±0.44Ab23.53±0.38Aa20.53±0.40Ac19.50±0.17Ad
), ArticleFig(id=1320167073540587870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

贮藏期挥发性盐基氮变化(mg/100 g)

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时间(d)组别
CK100 MPa200 MPa300 MPa400 MPa500 MPa
013.47±0.81Ca12.73±0.40Ea12.73±0.40Ea12.27±0.40Fa12.97±0.40Fa12.50±0.00Ea
316.63±0.40Ba14.30±0.70Db14.53±0.81Db14.07±0.40Eb14.77±0.40Eb13.37±0.40Eb
617.73±0.40Ba17.50±0.70Cab15.63±0.40Dbc16.33±0.40Db16.57±0.40Dabc15.80±0.36Dbc
921.97±0.38Aa18.67±0.40BCb17.03±0.40Cc17.73±0.40Cbc17.37±0.91CDbc16.33±0.40Dc
12−19.97±0.35Ba18.20±0.00BCc19.13±0.40Bb17.97±0.40Cc17.53±0.06Cc
15−21.70±0.70Aa19.37±0.40Bb19.80±0.44Bb18.90±0.00BCb18.67±0.40Bb
18−−21.50±0.44Ab23.53±0.38Aa20.53±0.40Ac19.50±0.17Ad
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Changes in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value during storage period (mg/kg)

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时间(d)组别
CK100 MPa200 MPa300 MPa400 MPa500 MPa
00.36±0.02Dc0.40±0.00Ec0.49±0.03Fb0.49±0.06Eb0.60±0.02Ea0.54±0.00Ea
30.47±0.01Cb0.46±0.00Eb0.47±0.05Fb0.46±0.03Eb0.51±0.02Fb0.59±0.02Da
60.59±0.01Bc0.69±0.01Da0.71±0.00Ea0.71±0.01Da0.69±0.01Da0.62±0.00Db
90.72±0.02Ac0.80±0.00Cb0.79±0.01Db0.80±0.00Cb0.80±0.00Cb0.88±0.01Ca
12−0.96±0.06Ba0.87±0.01Cab0.84±0.07Cb0.98±0.01Ba0.90±0.03Cab
15−1.07±0.06Aa1.06±0.01Ba1.00±0.00Ba1.02±0.01Ba1.06±0.00Ba
18−−1.38±0.01Ac1.32±0.01Ad1.49±0.01Aa1.45±0.00Ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320167073670611296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

贮藏期硫代巴比妥酸值变化(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(d)组别
CK100 MPa200 MPa300 MPa400 MPa500 MPa
00.36±0.02Dc0.40±0.00Ec0.49±0.03Fb0.49±0.06Eb0.60±0.02Ea0.54±0.00Ea
30.47±0.01Cb0.46±0.00Eb0.47±0.05Fb0.46±0.03Eb0.51±0.02Fb0.59±0.02Da
60.59±0.01Bc0.69±0.01Da0.71±0.00Ea0.71±0.01Da0.69±0.01Da0.62±0.00Db
90.72±0.02Ac0.80±0.00Cb0.79±0.01Db0.80±0.00Cb0.80±0.00Cb0.88±0.01Ca
12−0.96±0.06Ba0.87±0.01Cab0.84±0.07Cb0.98±0.01Ba0.90±0.03Cab
15−1.07±0.06Aa1.06±0.01Ba1.00±0.00Ba1.02±0.01Ba1.06±0.00Ba
18−−1.38±0.01Ac1.32±0.01Ad1.49±0.01Aa1.45±0.00Ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320167073729331553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166524233564799, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes in total bacterial count during storage period (lg CFU/g)

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时间(d)组别
CK100 MPa200 MPa300 MPa400 MPa500 MPa
03.14±0.06Ca2.98±0.05Ea2.88±0.03Fb2.91±0.12Fb2.82±0.11Gb2.80±0.04Gb
33.41±0.02Ba3.31±0.04Db3.25±0.01Ebc3.22±0.03Ebcd3.19±0.06Fc3.14±0.02Fcd
63.50±0.04Ba3.36±0.07Db3.27±0.04Eb3.28±0.04Eb3.36±0.06Eb3.31±0.01Eb
93.81±0.02Aa3.62±0.07Cb3.69±0.05Db3.64±0.01Db3.57±0.02Dc3.56±0.03Dc
12−4.05±0.06Ba3.96±0.03Cab3.95±0.00Cab3.92±0.02Cb3.93±0.01Cb
15−4.37±0.06Aa4.30±0.06Bab4.28±0.02Bab4.20±0.03Bb4.11±0.03Bbc
18−−4.62±0.03Aa4.55±0.01Aab4.49±0.02Ab4.41±0.03Ac
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贮藏期菌落总数变化(lg CFU/g)

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时间(d)组别
CK100 MPa200 MPa300 MPa400 MPa500 MPa
03.14±0.06Ca2.98±0.05Ea2.88±0.03Fb2.91±0.12Fb2.82±0.11Gb2.80±0.04Gb
33.41±0.02Ba3.31±0.04Db3.25±0.01Ebc3.22±0.03Ebcd3.19±0.06Fc3.14±0.02Fcd
63.50±0.04Ba3.36±0.07Db3.27±0.04Eb3.28±0.04Eb3.36±0.06Eb3.31±0.01Eb
93.81±0.02Aa3.62±0.07Cb3.69±0.05Db3.64±0.01Db3.57±0.02Dc3.56±0.03Dc
12−4.05±0.06Ba3.96±0.03Cab3.95±0.00Cab3.92±0.02Cb3.93±0.01Cb
15−4.37±0.06Aa4.30±0.06Bab4.28±0.02Bab4.20±0.03Bb4.11±0.03Bbc
18−−4.62±0.03Aa4.55±0.01Aab4.49±0.02Ab4.41±0.03Ac
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超高压处理对预调理牦牛肉嫩度及贮藏期的影响
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宋晓玥 1, 2 , 彭鹰翘 1 , 廖秋红 3 , 许程剑 2 , 朱雨辰 1, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(11): 410-418
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (11) : 410 -418
超高压处理对预调理牦牛肉嫩度及贮藏期的影响
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宋晓玥1, 2 , 彭鹰翘1, 廖秋红3, 许程剑2, 朱雨辰1, *
作者信息
  • 1中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心,北京 100083
  • 2四川旅游学院烹饪与食品科学工程学院,四川成都 610100
  • 3中国农业科学院都市农业研究所,四川成都 610299
通讯作者:
朱雨辰(1988−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品加工与安全控制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

宋晓玥(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:

Effects of High-pressure Processing on the Tenderness and Shelf Life of Preconditioned Yak Meat
Xiaoyue SONG1, 2 , Yingqiao PENG1, Qiuhong LIAO3, Chengjian XU2, Yuchen ZHU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2College of Culinary and Food Science Engineering, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
  • 3Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060377
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为探究超高压处理对预调理牦牛肉嫩度及贮藏期的影响,本研究以未经超高压处理的普通调理牦牛肉为对照组,研究不同超高压处理条件(100、200、300、400、500 MPa)下,预调理牦牛肉剪切力、蒸煮损失、肌原纤维小片化指数(Myofibrillar Fragmentation Index,MFI)、蛋白质溶解度、表面疏水性、内源荧光光谱等嫩度指标和挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸值(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS)、菌落总数等贮藏指标变化情况。结果表明:超高压处理能显著提升牦牛肉嫩度并延长贮藏期(P<0.05)。其中,300 MPa处理效果最佳,处理后的牦牛肉剪切力为11.22±0.25 N,蒸煮损失为25.06%±0.23%,肌原纤维小片化指数值为110.40±0.40,表面疏水性为49.41±0.04,蛋白质溶解度为63.21%±0.04%,最大荧光峰激发波长为325 nm,且TBARS值、TVB-N值、菌落总数在15 d内保持在安全标准规定范围内,相比对照组货架期延长9 d。

牦牛肉  /  超高压  /  嫩度  /  肌原纤维蛋白  /  贮藏

To investigate the effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the tenderness and shelf life of pre-conditioned yak meat, this study used untreated conventional pre-conditioned yak meat as the control group. The changes in tenderness indicators, including shear force, cooking loss, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), protein solubility, surface hydrophobicity, and intrinsic fluorescence spectra, as well as shelf-life indicators, including total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total viable count were examined under different HPP conditions (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 MPa). The results demonstrated that HPP significantly improved the tenderness and prolonged the shelf life of yak meat (P<0.05). Among the tested pressures, the 300 MPa treatment achieved the best results. The treated yak meat exhibited a shear force of 11.22±0.25 N, a cooking loss of 25.06%±0.23%, a myofibrillar fragmentation index value of 110.4±0.40, a surface hydrophobicity of 49.41±0.04, a protein solubility of 63.21%±0.04%, a maximum fluorescence peak excitation wavelength of 325 nm, and TBARS, TVB-N, total viable bacterial counts within the permissible safety limits throughout the 15 d storage period, achieving a 9 d shelf life extension compared to the control group.

yak meat  /  high-pressure processing  /  tenderness  /  myofibrillar protein  /  storage
宋晓玥, 彭鹰翘, 廖秋红, 许程剑, 朱雨辰. 超高压处理对预调理牦牛肉嫩度及贮藏期的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 410 -418 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060377
Xiaoyue SONG, Yingqiao PENG, Qiuhong LIAO, Chengjian XU, Yuchen ZHU. Effects of High-pressure Processing on the Tenderness and Shelf Life of Preconditioned Yak Meat[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 410 -418 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060377
牦牛是我国西部高原地区的珍稀牛种,其肉质富含蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素,且脂肪含量较低,是一种优质的肉类来源[1]。然而,由于牦牛生长在高寒地区,其特有的放牧饲养方式[2]和相对较晚的屠宰年龄,导致牦牛肉普遍存在嫩度不足的问题[3],这在很大程度上限制了牦牛肉的加工利用。冷鲜预调理产品可以通过加工改善肉类的硬度及风味,提升其感官品质,是牦牛肉产品的主要发展方向之一。但该类产品在贮藏过程中易受微生物活动影响,存在货架期较短、易发生微生物污染导致品质劣变的问题,制约了产业的发展。
近年来,生物嫩化技术(如添加内源或外源酶等活性物质)、化学嫩化技术(如添加有机酸)和物理嫩化手段(如超声处理)已经被广泛应用[4]。然而,这些方法难以同时实现嫩度提升与贮藏期延长的双重目标。因此,探索一种既能有效嫩化又能延长贮藏期的加工方式尤为必要。
超高压技术作为一种新兴的食品加工技术,已被证实能显著改善肉品的嫩度。相关研究表明,100~600 MPa的超高压处理可有效提升牛肉的嫩度和持水性[5]。Zhang等[6]发现,超高压处理能够使肌原纤维蛋白展开,提高其表面疏水性,从而将水分更好地保持在肌肉结构中,达到提高肉品嫩度的效果。超高压处理还可以破坏腐败微生物细胞膜、细胞壁结构,达到杀菌的效果。此外,超高压处理还可以破坏肉品中内源酶的结构,降低其活性,减缓肉品中的酶促反应,延长其保质期。郭光平等[7]研究表明,400 MPa,10 min的超高压处理可以显著减少牛肉中的初始菌落数。赵菲等[8]发现,150 MPa处理15 min可以延长牛肉的贮藏时间,且在贮藏过程中超高压组的质构、蒸煮损失率、pH、感官评分等指标显著优于未处理组。此外,超高压处理不仅可以显著延长镇江肴肉的货架期、保持贮藏品质特性,还能改善产品风味,提升产品综合品质[9]。尽管超高压处理技术在改善肉类品质方面展现出巨大潜力,然而目前针对超高压处理条件对牦牛肉制品嫩度及贮藏特性综合改善作用的系统研究仍较为匮乏,最佳作用参数也尚未明确。
鉴于此,本研究以预调理牦牛肉制品为研究对象,从嫩度相关理化指标、肌原纤维蛋白降解程度、贮藏指标等多个维度进行综合对比分析,系统探究超高压处理对预调理牦牛肉产品嫩度及贮藏期的影响,为高品质牦牛肉制品的开发提供创新思路与坚实的理论支撑,助力产业高质量发展。
新鲜牦牛肉里脊 四川省成都市白家市场;食盐、白糖、花椒粉、辣椒粉、五香粉、食用油 盒马鲜生(四川省成都市);PET+PE真空袋 安徽松冠新材料科技有限公司;氯化钠、氯化钾、无水氯化镁、乙二醇双(2-氨基乙基)四乙酸、磷酸氢钠、溴酚蓝、硼酸盐缓冲液 化学纯,上海皓鸿生物医药科技有限公司;Bradford蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、硫代巴比妥酸值检测试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;无菌生理盐水 分析纯,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;阿拉伯胶、碳酸钾、甘油、甲基红指示剂、亚甲基蓝指示剂、0.1 mol/L盐酸、95%乙醇、75%乙醇 分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;平板计数琼脂培养基 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司。
HPP600MPa/3-5L超高压设备 包头科发高压科技有限责任公司;TA.XTC-16质构仪 上海保圣科技有限公司;pHS-3C数显台式pH计 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;F-2800真空包装机 浙江仕尔达科技有限公司;HH-S数显恒温水浴锅 江苏正基仪器有限公司;YP-B液晶电子天平 上海光正医疗仪器有限公司;BSA124S分析天平 德国Sartorius公司;VORTEX-5涡旋仪 海门其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司;Varioskan LUX多功能酶标仪 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;Milli-Q Gradient超纯水仪 美国Millipore公司;SCIENTZ-10ND真空冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝冻干设备股份有限公司;TUBE-MILL 100组织研磨仪 德国IKA公司;Centrifuge 5804冷冻离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;DHG-9053A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海齐欣科学仪器有限公司;LDZF-75L高压灭菌锅 上海申安医疗器械有限公司。
新鲜牦牛肉去除筋膜组织、清洗、去血水、切条。按照每200 g牦牛肉条添加食盐2 g、白糖5 g、辣椒粉1 g、花椒粉1 g和五香粉1.5 g进行腌制,计量称重后真空包装。空白组仅腌制后直接包装,不经高压处理;实验组分别在100、200、300、400、500 MPa压力下处理10 min,得到的样品一部分直接用于嫩度相关指标检测,另一部分在4 ℃冷藏,每3 d检测一次贮藏指标。
参照张琼[10]的方法修改后测定。将数显温度计的温度探头插入肉的中心位置,扎紧袋口置于75 ℃的恒温水浴中加热,中心温度达到70 ℃时取出,流水冲淋冷却至室温。沿肌纤维方向取截面为1 cm×1 cm的肉柱,使用MORS刀片探头垂直于肌纤维方向测定剪切力。测前速率2 mm/s,测中速率1 mm/s,测后速率10 mm/s,目标模式选择位移10 mm,触发力15 g,肉样重复测定3次。
参照López-Pedrouso等[11]的方法进行修改,蒸煮前测定肉样的初始重量。随后将样品放入自封袋,并将数字温度计插入肉块中心,置于85 ℃的恒温水浴锅中,待中心温度达到75 ℃立即取出,流水冲淋至冷却。冷却后取出肉块擦干表面残留水分,再次称重记录,蒸煮损失按照下面的公式计算:
$ 蒸煮损失({\text{%}})= \frac{\mathrm{蒸煮前的重量}-\mathrm{蒸煮后的重量}}{\text{蒸煮前的重量}}\times 100 $
称量5 g样品放入50 mL的离心管中,加入4倍体积的分离缓冲液(0.1 mol/L氯化钠、2 mmol/L氯化镁、1 mmol/L乙二醇双(2-氨基乙基醚)四乙酸、10 mmol/L 磷酸氢钠,pH7.0),高速(10000 r/min)匀浆30 s后4 ℃条件下8000 r/min离心15 min,弃上清。沉淀中再次加入4倍体积的分离缓冲液重复洗涤3次,通过三层纱布过滤,去除结缔组织,用0.1 mol/L盐酸调节pH至6.0。提取到的肌原纤维蛋白溶液用Bradford[12]方法测定蛋白浓度,并在4 ℃下冷藏,48 h内用于检测其他蛋白相关指标。
肌原纤维小片化指数(Myofibril Fragmentation Index,MFI)依据Muniz等[13]实验方法进行修改,使用0.2 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.5,含0.6 mol/L氯化钠)将1.2.3.1中提取的肌原纤维蛋白浓度调节至0.5±0.05 mg/mL,取200 μL加入酶标板中测定其在540 nm波长下的吸光值,将得到的吸光值乘以200得到的数据为MFI。
参照Chelh等[14]方法进行修改,将1.2.3.1中提取的肌原纤维蛋白浓度调节至5 mg/mL,取1 mL向其中加入100 μL的1 mg/mL溴酚蓝涡旋10 min后,在4 ℃条件下4000×g离心15 min,取上清液。用磷酸盐缓冲溶液稀释10倍后,在595 nm处测定吸光度值。以磷酸盐缓冲液为空白,表面疏水性计算公式为:
$ 表面疏水性= \frac{{样品吸光度}-{空白吸光度}}{{空白吸光度}}\times 200 $
参照Choi等[15]方法稍作修改,将1.2.3.1中提取的肌原纤维蛋白浓度调节至5 mg/mL,通过双缩脲法测定总蛋白溶液及1500×g离心10 min后的上清液在540 nm波长下的吸光度,得到两种溶液的蛋白浓度,上清蛋白占总蛋白浓度的百分比为溶解度。
将1.2.3.1中提取的肌原纤维蛋白浓度调节至1 mg/mL,使用荧光分光光度计进行扫描,具体参数为:激发波长295 nm,发射波长300~400 nm,扫描范围300~400 nm,激发和发射狭缝宽度5 nm。
挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)的测定操作主要参考GB 5009.228-2016《食品安全国家标准 挥发性盐基氮的测定》[16]中的微量扩散法。
参照GB 5009.181-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中丙二醛的测定》[17]方法,采用硫代巴比妥酸值(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS)法测定牦牛肉贮藏过程中脂肪氧化程度。
参考GB 4789.2-2022《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》[18]方法,测定贮藏过程中菌落总数变化情况。
数据以平均值±标准差表示,标准差由三个独立实验计算得出。采用SPSS Statistics V27.0(IBM Corporation,NY,USA)进行组间统计学差异分析(P<0.05),使用GraphPad Prism 8(San Diego,CA,USA)绘图。
剪切力是衡量肉品嫩度最为直观的指标,可以直接反映肌肉纤维和结缔组织的机械强度。剪切力越小,肉的嫩度越高[19]。如图1所示,与未经超高压处理的对照组相比,超高压处理能显著提高牦牛肉的嫩度(P<0.05)。随着压力的升高,预调理牦牛肉的剪切力从28.16 N下降至11.22 N,并在300 MPa时达到最低点。这一变化趋势与Morton等[5]和Neto等[20]的研究结果一致。这可能是由于高压产生的机械应力促使肌原纤维Z线结构发生解离,从而使肌纤维强度显著降低[21],进而导致剪切力下降。此外,高压还会促进肌质网中Ca2+的释放,激活钙蛋白酶系统,并破坏溶酶体膜释放组织蛋白酶,选择性降解关键结构蛋白,降解肌原纤维和结缔组织,导致剪切力降低[22]。然而,当压力提高至400~500 MPa时,过高的压力导致牦牛肉组织中的蛋白发生聚集和变性,增强结缔组织的力学性能[23–24],从而使剪切力回升。上述结果说明,尽管超高压处理能够显著降低预调理牦牛肉的剪切力(P<0.05),但存在一个最佳压力范围。在300 MPa时,剪切力达到最低值,嫩度最高。
在牦牛肉中,水分主要依靠毛细管力被固定在肌肉纤维间隙之中。肉类受热时,肌肉纤维发生变性收缩,纤维间隙随之增大,毛细管的保水作用被削弱,导致汁液流失,即蒸煮损失。肌原纤维中的水分是影响肉类嫩度的关键因素之一,较高的水分含量能够使肉类在咀嚼时呈现汁液感和柔滑的质地,显著提升嫩度[25]。过高的蒸煮损失不仅会导致肉类失水,影响口感的润滑度,还会促进蛋白质的热变性,加剧肉类质地的硬化[25]。因此,当蒸煮损失较低时,肉类的水分含量较高,其嫩度也较高。
总体而言,相比对照组,超高压处理显著提高了牦牛肉的蒸煮损失(P<0.05)(图2)。这是由于,超高压处理会破坏蛋白质结构,使其水合能力下降,导致部分结合水从肌肉组织中释放。然而,随着压力的增加,蒸煮损失整体呈现先降低后增加的趋势。300 MPa时,蒸煮损失最低,为25.06%±0.23%。这可能是因为在100~300 MPa作用下,随着压力的增加,肌肉组织逐渐舒展,有利于调味料中的盐分进入肉中,促使亲水基团与水分子结合,从而减少了蒸煮过程中的水分流失[26–27]。然而,当压力过高时,肌原纤维蛋白的结构发生显著变化,肌球蛋白S1通过二硫键形成不溶于水的蛋白聚集体,降低了肌原纤维蛋白的水合能力,增加了蒸煮过程中的水分流失[28]。因此,当压力达到500 MPa时,蒸煮损失最高,为33.82%±0.40%。
综上,100~500 MPa的压力作用下,牦牛肉的蒸煮损失呈现出先下降后上升的趋势(P<0.05),结合前文剪切力指标综合分析,当处理压力为300 MPa时,牦牛肉的蒸煮损失和剪切力均处于最低水平,肉的嫩度最高。
前期研究表明,超高压的嫩化作用与其对肌原纤维蛋白的性质和结构的改变密切相关[29–30]。因此,本研究深入探究了超高压处理对肌原纤维蛋白结构变化的影响,旨在为后续嫩化技术的开发提供基础数据。
MFI值是衡量肌原纤维Z线区域附近肌节断裂成小片状相连状况的重要指标,也是表征肉类嫩度的关键参数。MFI数值越高,肌原纤维的碎裂程度越高,肉类的嫩度也越高[31]。
如图3所示,超高压处理可以显著提高牦牛肉的MFI值(P<0.05),且随着压力升高,MFI值呈现先上升后下降的趋势。在100~300 MPa的压力范围内,MFI值逐步增加,这可能是由于压力导致牦牛肉细胞膜受损,使肌浆中的Ca2+释放出来,从而激发特定内源酶的活性[32],促进了肌原纤维的降解。同时,压力还可以破坏蛋白质的天然构象,释放组织蛋白酶,进一步增加肌原纤维的降解程度。然而,当压力超过300 MPa后,随着压力的进一步增加,内源酶活性被抑制,同时肌原纤维蛋白过度变性、交联聚集,导致肌原纤维的降解程度有所减弱,MFI值降低[33]。
蛋白质表面疏水性是衡量其疏水基团暴露程度的关键指标,其不仅在维持蛋白质三级结构的稳定性中起关键作用,还直接影响蛋白质的功能特性[33–34]。当蛋白质表面疏水性增加时,通常表明其三维结构逐渐变得松散,肌肉内部形成更多空间以保持水分,肉类的嫩度更高。
由图4所示,未经处理的对照组中,肌原纤维蛋白表面疏水性最低,而超高压处理显著提升了蛋白表面疏水性(P<0.05)。随着压力的升高,样品表面疏水性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,这一结果与MFI值的变化趋势一致。在300 MPa时,表面疏水性最高为49.41±0.04,差异显著(P<0.05)。这可能是由于超高压处理使肌原纤维蛋白发生去折叠,导致原本包埋在内部的疏水残基暴露[35],改变了蛋白质表面的氨基酸组成,进而使蛋白质的疏水性逐步增强。在Zou等[35]的研究也得到了相似的结论。然而,随着压力的进一步升高,疏水基团大量暴露,蛋白质分子间的疏水相互作用过度增强,导致蛋白质分子重新聚集,使得原本暴露在分子表面的疏水基团被包裹在蛋白质聚集体内部[34]。因此,表面疏水性下降,疏水空间包含的水分减少,嫩度降低。
肌原纤维蛋白的溶解度是衡量其与水分子结合能力的重要指标[36]。溶解度越高,蛋白质的水合能力越强,肉的嫩度也越高[37]。如图5显示,相较于对照组,超高压处理显著提高肌原纤维蛋白的溶解度(P<0.05)。这可能是由于高压可以改变蛋白质的非共价键,使蛋白质分子结构变得舒展,蛋白质中的疏水和亲水基团暴露,分子间的间隙增加,从而提高了蛋白质与水分子之间的亲和力,导致蛋白质的溶解度增加[38]。
然而,不同压力对非共价键的影响存在差异,肌原纤维蛋白的溶解度随着压力的递增呈现先增后减的趋势。在300 MPa压力作用下,肌原纤维蛋白的溶解度最高为63.21%±0.04%,是对照组的1.74倍。表明这一压力下,蛋白质分子结构最为舒展,与水分子的结合能力最强,从而显著提高了其溶解度(P<0.05)。而当压力升高至400~500 MPa时,肌原纤维蛋白过度舒展,蛋白质分子之间的作用力增强,蛋白质重新聚集沉降[34],这种过度的聚集和沉降,降低了肌原纤维蛋白溶解度。这一变化情况与超高压对蛋白质表面疏水性变化的趋势一致,表明适度的压力处理能够提高牦牛肉的保水性,提高其嫩度;而过高的压力会导致蛋白质变性加剧,过度失水,牦牛肉嫩度降低。
荧光光谱分析能有效表征肌原纤维蛋白构象的松散程度,进而评估超高压处理对肌原纤维蛋白构象的影响。与对照组相比,超高压处理导致荧光强度降低。这是因为超高压作用下,蛋白质构象发生显著改变,疏水基团暴露增加,原本包埋在蛋白质内部的以色氨酸残基为主的芳香族发色团暴露(图6)。发色团的暴露导致抑制荧光的氨基酸残基之间的距离缩短[39],并使其与周围水分子的碰撞频率增加,从而改变了发色团的电子激发态特性,引发明显的荧光猝灭现象,导致荧光强度降低。然而,随着压力的不断提高,蛋白质荧光强度呈现先下降后上升的趋势。这是因为,过高的压力会导致蛋白质发生聚集,荧光猝灭现象减少,荧光强度回升。这种现象表明,蛋白质结构在高压作用下经历了从松散到聚集的变化过程。
此外,压力还会导致牦牛肉的最大荧光峰出现明显蓝移。具体而言,对照组在328 nm处出现最大荧光峰,而100~500 MPa处理组的最大荧光峰出现在324~325 nm。蓝移现象通常与蛋白质结构的松散有关,松散的结构使得发色团的电子环境发生变化,导致荧光峰向短波长方向移动。
前期研究表明,超高压处理能在不破坏产品的感官品质以及营养组分的前提下延长产品的贮藏期[40],并显著提升产品的安全性。基于此,本研究将进一步深入探究不同超高压处理条件对预调理牦牛肉产品贮藏期的影响,旨在为优化超高压处理工艺、延长预调理牦牛肉产品的货架期提供科学依据。
TVB-N值是衡量肉类腐败程度的重要标准[41]。在贮藏过程中,肉制品的蛋白质会在酶和微生物的共同作用下迅速氧化,产生氨及胺类含氮的挥发性物质。氮含量越高,腐败程度越高。依据SB/T 10482-2008《预制肉类食品质量安全要求》的规定,预调理肉制品中TVB-N值不得超过20 mg/100 g[42]。
研究发现,随着贮藏时间的延长,TVB-N值呈缓慢上升趋势。与未经超高压处理的对照组相比,超高压处理能显著延缓TVB-N值的上升(表1)。具体而言,对照组在贮藏第9 d时TVB-N值超过腐败限定值,而100 MPa处理组在15 d已经变质,200~400 MPa处理组的贮藏期可以延长至15~18 d。而500 MPa处理组在贮藏18 d时TVB-N值仍未达到临界变质水平。这一现象可能是因为超高压处理能破坏微生物细胞膜完整性,导致菌体裂解死亡,从而减少其生理活动产生的碱性物质[43],进而延长产品的贮藏期。
TBARS值是衡量脂质氧化程度的重要指标。TBARS值越高,脂质氧化程度越高,对产品的风味、质地等品质的不利影响越大[44]。当TBARS值超过3.0 mg/kg时,肉制品被认为腐败变质[45]。如表2所示,随着贮藏时间的延长,样品的TBARS值持续上升。但在本研究所设计的贮藏期内,TBARS值仍在标准允许范围内。这与本研究所采用的真空包装结合低温贮藏条件有关[46],在这种条件下,脂肪酶的活性受到抑制,从而减缓了脂肪的氧化分解。
总体来看,随着压力的升高,预调理牦牛肉的TBARS值在前9 d内显著增加(P<0.05)。这可能是由于高压导致金属离子的释放,从而促进了脂肪氧化作用[47–48]。然而,在贮藏时间达到15 d时,不同压力处理对TBARS值的影响逐渐趋于一致(P>0.05)。
菌落总数是衡量产品受细菌污染程度的重要指标,直接反映产品的安全性[49]。根据相关标准,当菌落总数超过5 lg CFU/g时,产品被认为腐败变质[42]。
贮藏期内菌落总数变化情况如表3所示,除了100 MPa组外,超高压处理均显著降低了牦牛肉的初始菌落总数(P<0.05)。随着贮藏时间的延长,各处理组中微生物数量逐渐上升,产品品质逐步发生劣变。因对照组及100 MPa组的初始菌落总数较高,在贮藏12 d左右,菌落总数达到二级新鲜水平。其余处理组在贮藏15 d后,菌落总数才降为二级新鲜水平。在整个贮藏期内,各组菌落总数均未超过标准限值。研究表明,超高压处理能够有效抑制微生物生长,且压力越高,抑菌效果越显著。
超高压处理通过改变肌原纤维蛋白的结构,显著提高了牦牛肉的嫩度,同时延长了产品的货架期。在本研究中,300 MPa被确定为超高压处理的最佳压力条件,此时剪切力为11.22±0.25 N,蒸煮损失为25.06%±0.23%。与未经过超高压处理的对照组相比,产品货架期从6 d延长到15 d。未来研究可以进一步关注牦牛肉品质的精细化调控,针对不同部位的肌纤维组成和结缔组织分布特征,建立差异化的超高压处理参数体系。此外,构建动态的货架期预测模型,实现产品贮藏品质的精准控制,也将是一个重要的研究方向。在产业化应用方面,需要深入开展超高压设备的能效比和经济效益调查研究,为该项技术在牦牛肉加工的规模化应用提供科学依据。这将有助于推动高质化牦牛肉制品的产业化发展,提高产品的市场竞争力和经济效益。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060377
  • 接收时间:2025-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01
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    1中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心,北京 100083
    2四川旅游学院烹饪与食品科学工程学院,四川成都 610100
    3中国农业科学院都市农业研究所,四川成都 610299

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朱雨辰(1988−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品加工与安全控制,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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