Article(id=1320166443941998963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110214, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763568000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681807741, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681807741, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681807741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681807741, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=459, endPage=469, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166444130742644, articleId=1320166443941998963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Structural Characterization and Prebiotic Effects of Curcuma kwangsiensis Polysaccharide-Zinc Complex, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the prebiotic potential of polysaccharides isolated from Curcuma kwangsiensis and their zinc complex. A water-soluble polysaccharide fraction (WPCK) was extracted from C. kwangsiensis and subsequently complexed with zinc to yield WPCK-Zn. The physicochemical properties of WPCK-Zn, including zinc content, total carbohydrate content, protein content, and aqueous solubility were systematically characterized. Structural features were elucidated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Zeta potential analysis. In vitro digestibility was assessed under simulated salivary, gastric, and intestinal conditions to evaluate resistance to enzymatic degradation. Prebiotic activity was determined by measuring the proliferative effects of WPCK and WPCK-Zn on four representative probiotic strains: Lactobacillus brevis GIM1.773, Lactobacillus plantarum GIM1.191, Lactobacillus delbrueckii sub sp. bulgaricus GIM1.155, and Streptococcus thermophilus GIM1.540. Results indicated that WPCK-Zn exhibited a total carbohydrate content of 70.45% and a protein content of 0.19%, both lower than those of native WPCK; its zinc content was 29.39 mg/g. Spectroscopic and microscopic analysed confirmed retention of core polysaccharide architecture, including characteristic functional groups and a triple-helix conformation. SEM revealed a more homogeneous and smoother surface morphology for WPCK-Zn relative to WPCK, accompanied by enhanced thermal stability and an increased absolute zeta potential value. Both WPCK and WPCK-Zn existed in an amorphous crystalline state. In vitro digestion assays demonstrated robust resistance to gastrointestinal degradation for both samples, supporting their bioavailability to colonic microbiota. Prebiotic evaluation revealed dose-dependent stimulation of all four probiotic strains, with WPCK-Zn consistently outperforming WPCK—particularly at 2% (w/v), where it significantly enhanced proliferation of L. brevis, L. plantarum, and S. thermophilus. Polysaccharide-Zinc complex from Corydalis kwangsiensis shows potential as a novel zinc supplement, providing a theoretical basis for the application of Corydalis kwangsiensis polysaccharides and their metal complexes in functional foods or microecological preparations.

, authors=Xinyuan ZHANG1, 2, Linjuan XU1, Weiying WANG1, Mingyi QING1, 2, Shuyun LIANG1, 2, Jinyuan CAI1, 2, Song SUN1, 2, *, Yongjin SUN1, 2, *, authorsList=Xinyuan ZHANG, Linjuan XU, Weiying WANG, Mingyi QING, Shuyun LIANG, Jinyuan CAI, Song SUN, Yongjin SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Song SUN, Yongjin SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166446332752265, articleId=1320166443941998963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=桂郁金多糖锌的结构表征和益生元作用, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究桂郁金多糖及其锌多糖的益生元作用,将水提桂郁金多糖(Water extracted polysaccharide from Curcuma kwangsiensis,WPCK)与锌配合,制得桂郁金多糖锌(WPCK-Zn)。通过锌含量、总糖含量、蛋白质含量以及溶解度研究其理化性质;采用紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、Zeta电位等对其进行结构表征。通过模拟唾液、胃液和肠液检验WPCK和WPCK-Zn的抗消化性,最后研究了WPCK和WPCK-Zn对短乳杆菌GIM1.773(Lactobacillus brevis)、植物乳杆菌GIM1.191(Lactobacillus plantarum)、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种GIM 1.155 [Lactobacillus delbrueckii (sub sp.) bulgaricus]和嗜热链球菌GIM1.540(Streptococcus thermophilus)四种益生菌的促进增殖作用。结果表明,WPCK-Zn的总糖含量和蛋白质含量分别为70.45%和0.19%,与WPCK相比均有所降低。WPCK-Zn的锌含量为29.39 mg/g,且仍具有多糖基本结构、官能团分布以及三螺旋结构,扫描电镜表明WPCK-Zn与WPCK相比外表更均匀光滑,热稳定性和Zeta电位绝对值均有所增加,且WPCK和WPCK-Zn均为非定型结晶态。体外模拟消化实验表明,WPCK与WPCK-Zn都具有抗消化特性,可以有效抵抗消化系统的消化作用,从而确保进入肠道后被肠道菌群利用。益生元作用研究表明,两者对于四种益生菌都具有益生元作用,且WPCK-Zn的益生元作用比WPCK更好,WPCK-Zn浓度为2%时,均对短乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌有较好的促进增殖作用。桂郁金多糖锌具有作为一种新型补锌剂的潜力,为桂郁金多糖及其金属配合物在功能性食品或微生态制剂中的应用提供理论依据。

, authors=张心圆1, 2, 徐林娟1, 王伟迎1, 卿明义1, 2, 梁舒韵1, 2, 蔡锦源1, 2, 孙松1, 2, *, 孙永进1, 2, *, authorsList=张心圆, 徐林娟, 王伟迎, 卿明义, 梁舒韵, 蔡锦源, 孙松, 孙永进, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙松, 孙永进, authorNote=

张心圆(2000−),女,硕士,研究方向:天然产物结构与活性研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙松(1985−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:天然产物构效研究,E-mail:。
孙永进(1997−),男,博士,研究方向:天然产物构效研究,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=yjeSoRwAlh+FLz71IlbnPg==, magXml=0hfYehAWoZIjIR2KGjYhLw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=R9oeqKp2sVMxYlTFsgpGyg==, pdfFileSize=4009134, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=L6sBMPNZlzNH2lSVJpY+jw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Gmp0sVJCvZiGfxH9nwlSww==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320167179002163613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=Zhangxy3637@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320167179081855392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, authorId=1320167179002163613, language=EN, stringName=Xinyuan ZHANG, firstName=Xinyuan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Liuzhou University of Technology, Liuzhou 545616, China
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注:a:WPCK 500×;b:WPCK 1000×;c:WPCK-Zn 500×;d:WPCK-Zn 1000×。

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注:a:对短乳杆菌的影响;b:对植物乳杆菌的影响;c:对德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的影响;d:对嗜热链球菌的影响;同一浓度下不同字母表示不同样品之间具有显著性差异,P<0.05;图9、图10同。

, figureFileSmall=rtfuelOxHcrvKN8fI2Ia2w==, figureFileBig=ReWkzaHkkSN485IowBfrew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167191681544678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effect of polysaccharides on the growth curves of different probiotics, figureFileSmall=WQG9AhR5OSvbQ6D8i3xc3g==, figureFileBig=vGcpYgwU7s19QmkFXGjZuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167191782207975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=CN, label=图9, caption=多糖对不同益生菌生长曲线的影响, figureFileSmall=WQG9AhR5OSvbQ6D8i3xc3g==, figureFileBig=vGcpYgwU7s19QmkFXGjZuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167191882871272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effect of polysaccharides on the pH values of different probiotics, figureFileSmall=cwQh5w9un6NQcRbJIXWeoQ==, figureFileBig=qpNc8Bgj2NijoV6gYWTqiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167191941591529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=CN, label=图10, caption=多糖对不同益生菌pH的影响, figureFileSmall=cwQh5w9un6NQcRbJIXWeoQ==, figureFileBig=qpNc8Bgj2NijoV6gYWTqiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167192012894698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physicochemical properties of WPCK and WPCK-Zn

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品锌含量(mg/g)总糖含量(%)蛋白质含量(%)溶解度(%)
WPCKND88.69±0.13a0.23±0.07a99.93±0.03a
WPCK-Zn29.39±0.1970.45±0.17b0.19±0.06a99.82±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320167192197444075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

WPCK和WPCK-Zn的理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品锌含量(mg/g)总糖含量(%)蛋白质含量(%)溶解度(%)
WPCKND88.69±0.13a0.23±0.07a99.93±0.03a
WPCK-Zn29.39±0.1970.45±0.17b0.19±0.06a99.82±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320167192277135852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Total sugar content after simulated digestion of WPCK and WPCK-Zn

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
消化后样品总糖含量(%)
WPCK62.02±0.03b
WPCK-Zn73.02±0.14a
), ArticleFig(id=1320167192348439021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

WPCK、WPCK-Zn模拟消化后总糖含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
消化后样品总糖含量(%)
WPCK62.02±0.03b
WPCK-Zn73.02±0.14a
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Content of reducing sugars after polysaccharide digestion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模拟消化时间(h)WPCK还原糖含量
(mg/mL)
WPCK-Zn还原糖含量
(mg/mL)
唾液消化00.2063±0.0021b0.1994±0.0056b
0.50.2098±0.0014b0.1986±0.0029b
10.2228±0.0108a0.2054±0.0088a
胃液消化00.4541±0.0265b0.4509±0.0362a
1.50.4330±0.0020c0.4070±0.0061b
30.4723±0.0089a0.4092±0.0072b
小肠消化00.4439±0.0339c0.4246±0.0188c
1.50.4799±0.0019b0.4920±0.0017b
30.4984±0.0082a0.5084±0.0221a
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多糖消化后还原糖含量

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模拟消化时间(h)WPCK还原糖含量
(mg/mL)
WPCK-Zn还原糖含量
(mg/mL)
唾液消化00.2063±0.0021b0.1994±0.0056b
0.50.2098±0.0014b0.1986±0.0029b
10.2228±0.0108a0.2054±0.0088a
胃液消化00.4541±0.0265b0.4509±0.0362a
1.50.4330±0.0020c0.4070±0.0061b
30.4723±0.0089a0.4092±0.0072b
小肠消化00.4439±0.0339c0.4246±0.0188c
1.50.4799±0.0019b0.4920±0.0017b
30.4984±0.0082a0.5084±0.0221a
), ArticleFig(id=1320167193044693488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Monosaccharide composition distribution after digestion of WPCK

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模拟消化时间(h)单糖组成分布占比(%)
ManGalAGlcGalAra
唾液消化06.742.1789.680.570.85
0.59.083.1586.980.240.54
110.152.6685.950.500.75
胃液消化08.883.8680.610.811.07
1.59.012.9485.280.550.53
33.283.4891.520.870.86
小肠消化04.936.2184.061.972.83
1.56.291.4589.952.210.10
35.070.0493.830.980.08
), ArticleFig(id=1320167193115996657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

WPCK消化后单糖组成分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模拟消化时间(h)单糖组成分布占比(%)
ManGalAGlcGalAra
唾液消化06.742.1789.680.570.85
0.59.083.1586.980.240.54
110.152.6685.950.500.75
胃液消化08.883.8680.610.811.07
1.59.012.9485.280.550.53
33.283.4891.520.870.86
小肠消化04.936.2184.061.972.83
1.56.291.4589.952.210.10
35.070.0493.830.980.08
), ArticleFig(id=1320167193178911218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Monosaccharide composition distribution after digestion of WPCK-Zn

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模拟消化时间(h)单糖组成分布占比(%)
ManGalAGlcGalAra
唾液消化03.503.0690.640.951.85
0.52.573.2791.970.601.58
11.086.4191.260.470.79
胃液消化00.352.1796.770.430.28
1.50.452.6495.820.560.53
30.512.7695.330.630.76
小肠消化08.392.7687.041.350.46
1.52.466.0389.800.880.84
33.711.9093.680.560.15
), ArticleFig(id=1320167193258602995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166443941998963, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

WPCK-Zn消化后单糖组成分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模拟消化时间(h)单糖组成分布占比(%)
ManGalAGlcGalAra
唾液消化03.503.0690.640.951.85
0.52.573.2791.970.601.58
11.086.4191.260.470.79
胃液消化00.352.1796.770.430.28
1.50.452.6495.820.560.53
30.512.7695.330.630.76
小肠消化08.392.7687.041.350.46
1.52.466.0389.800.880.84
33.711.9093.680.560.15
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桂郁金多糖锌的结构表征和益生元作用
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张心圆 1, 2 , 徐林娟 1 , 王伟迎 1 , 卿明义 1, 2 , 梁舒韵 1, 2 , 蔡锦源 1, 2 , 孙松 1, 2, * , 孙永进 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(11): 459-469
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桂郁金多糖锌的结构表征和益生元作用
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张心圆1, 2 , 徐林娟1, 王伟迎1, 卿明义1, 2, 梁舒韵1, 2, 蔡锦源1, 2, 孙松1, 2, * , 孙永进1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1柳州工学院食品与化学工程学院,广西柳州 545616
  • 2柳州市螺蛳粉植物源性配料研究重点实验室,广西柳州 545616
通讯作者:
孙松(1985−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:天然产物构效研究,E-mail:。
孙永进(1997−),男,博士,研究方向:天然产物构效研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张心圆(2000−),女,硕士,研究方向:天然产物结构与活性研究,E-mail:

Structural Characterization and Prebiotic Effects of Curcuma kwangsiensis Polysaccharide-Zinc Complex
Xinyuan ZHANG1, 2 , Linjuan XU1, Weiying WANG1, Mingyi QING1, 2, Shuyun LIANG1, 2, Jinyuan CAI1, 2, Song SUN1, 2, * , Yongjin SUN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Liuzhou University of Technology, Liuzhou 545616, China
  • 2Liuzhou Luosifen Plant Source Ingredients Research Key Laboratory, Liuzhou 545616, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110214
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为研究桂郁金多糖及其锌多糖的益生元作用,将水提桂郁金多糖(Water extracted polysaccharide from Curcuma kwangsiensis,WPCK)与锌配合,制得桂郁金多糖锌(WPCK-Zn)。通过锌含量、总糖含量、蛋白质含量以及溶解度研究其理化性质;采用紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、Zeta电位等对其进行结构表征。通过模拟唾液、胃液和肠液检验WPCK和WPCK-Zn的抗消化性,最后研究了WPCK和WPCK-Zn对短乳杆菌GIM1.773(Lactobacillus brevis)、植物乳杆菌GIM1.191(Lactobacillus plantarum)、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种GIM 1.155 [Lactobacillus delbrueckii (sub sp.) bulgaricus]和嗜热链球菌GIM1.540(Streptococcus thermophilus)四种益生菌的促进增殖作用。结果表明,WPCK-Zn的总糖含量和蛋白质含量分别为70.45%和0.19%,与WPCK相比均有所降低。WPCK-Zn的锌含量为29.39 mg/g,且仍具有多糖基本结构、官能团分布以及三螺旋结构,扫描电镜表明WPCK-Zn与WPCK相比外表更均匀光滑,热稳定性和Zeta电位绝对值均有所增加,且WPCK和WPCK-Zn均为非定型结晶态。体外模拟消化实验表明,WPCK与WPCK-Zn都具有抗消化特性,可以有效抵抗消化系统的消化作用,从而确保进入肠道后被肠道菌群利用。益生元作用研究表明,两者对于四种益生菌都具有益生元作用,且WPCK-Zn的益生元作用比WPCK更好,WPCK-Zn浓度为2%时,均对短乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌有较好的促进增殖作用。桂郁金多糖锌具有作为一种新型补锌剂的潜力,为桂郁金多糖及其金属配合物在功能性食品或微生态制剂中的应用提供理论依据。

桂郁金  /  多糖  /  金属配合物  /  结构表征  /  益生元

This study investigated the prebiotic potential of polysaccharides isolated from Curcuma kwangsiensis and their zinc complex. A water-soluble polysaccharide fraction (WPCK) was extracted from C. kwangsiensis and subsequently complexed with zinc to yield WPCK-Zn. The physicochemical properties of WPCK-Zn, including zinc content, total carbohydrate content, protein content, and aqueous solubility were systematically characterized. Structural features were elucidated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Zeta potential analysis. In vitro digestibility was assessed under simulated salivary, gastric, and intestinal conditions to evaluate resistance to enzymatic degradation. Prebiotic activity was determined by measuring the proliferative effects of WPCK and WPCK-Zn on four representative probiotic strains: Lactobacillus brevis GIM1.773, Lactobacillus plantarum GIM1.191, Lactobacillus delbrueckii sub sp. bulgaricus GIM1.155, and Streptococcus thermophilus GIM1.540. Results indicated that WPCK-Zn exhibited a total carbohydrate content of 70.45% and a protein content of 0.19%, both lower than those of native WPCK; its zinc content was 29.39 mg/g. Spectroscopic and microscopic analysed confirmed retention of core polysaccharide architecture, including characteristic functional groups and a triple-helix conformation. SEM revealed a more homogeneous and smoother surface morphology for WPCK-Zn relative to WPCK, accompanied by enhanced thermal stability and an increased absolute zeta potential value. Both WPCK and WPCK-Zn existed in an amorphous crystalline state. In vitro digestion assays demonstrated robust resistance to gastrointestinal degradation for both samples, supporting their bioavailability to colonic microbiota. Prebiotic evaluation revealed dose-dependent stimulation of all four probiotic strains, with WPCK-Zn consistently outperforming WPCK—particularly at 2% (w/v), where it significantly enhanced proliferation of L. brevis, L. plantarum, and S. thermophilus. Polysaccharide-Zinc complex from Corydalis kwangsiensis shows potential as a novel zinc supplement, providing a theoretical basis for the application of Corydalis kwangsiensis polysaccharides and their metal complexes in functional foods or microecological preparations.

Curcuma kwangsiensis  /  polysaccharide  /  metal complex  /  structural characterization  /  prebiotic
张心圆, 徐林娟, 王伟迎, 卿明义, 梁舒韵, 蔡锦源, 孙松, 孙永进. 桂郁金多糖锌的结构表征和益生元作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 459 -469 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110214
Xinyuan ZHANG, Linjuan XU, Weiying WANG, Mingyi QING, Shuyun LIANG, Jinyuan CAI, Song SUN, Yongjin SUN. Structural Characterization and Prebiotic Effects of Curcuma kwangsiensis Polysaccharide-Zinc Complex[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 459 -469 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110214
桂郁金(Curcuma kwangsiensis)是姜科植物温郁金、姜黄、莪术等植物的干燥块根,性温味辛,研究表明其具有活血止痛、行气郁闷、清血凉血等众多药理功效,在广西地区种植面积较大,占全国总产量的60%,且品种繁多[1−3]。桂郁金具有黄酮、挥发油、姜黄素和多糖等众多化学成分,且对其成分和药理活性作用分析是目前对桂郁金的主要研究方向[4]。而多糖是构成生命的重要物质之一,植物、动物和微生物中都含有一定含量的多糖,而桂郁金中的多糖类成分含量丰富,具有降血糖、抗氧化以及抗凝血等活性,有助于提升免疫功能,降低内分泌紊乱和肠炎的风险,具有广阔的应用前景[5]。
锌是维持人体正常的生理功能的必需微量元素之一,可以促进机体的正常生长发育、新陈代谢以及免疫功能[6−7]。但传统的补锌方式大多是从食物和补锌剂中获取锌元素,而这样摄取的无机锌容易在小肠中沉淀,从而降低锌的生物利用率[8],研究表明,多糖作为一种新型的金属离子螯合剂可以与锌元素形成多糖-锌配合物。通过研究银耳多糖[9]、桦褐孔菌多糖[10]、荷叶离褶伞多糖[11]与锌的配合,发现多糖锌的制备工艺与反应时间、温度、pH有关。多糖锌配合物不仅具有良好的溶解性和稳定性,而且可以改善原有多糖的生物活性,可以作为安全、健康、稳定的锌元素补充剂,以增加人体对锌等金属离子的吸收[12−14];多数相关研究表明,多糖锌配合物具有调节肠道菌群、增强肠道屏障、改善肠道免疫的作用,并且多糖锌可以作为益生元促进益生菌的增殖。
本研究旨在从桂郁金中提取粗多糖并与锌配合,检测分析桂郁金多糖锌配合物的理化性质和结构表征,通过体外模拟消化实验和益生元作用实验,研究桂郁金多糖锌配合物的最佳活性条件,为桂郁金多糖锌这种新型补锌剂在保健食品和医药保健领域的发展提供一定的理论与实验基础。
短乳杆菌GIM1.773(Lactobacillus brevis)、植物乳杆菌GIM1.191(Lactobacillus plantarum)、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种GIM 1.155 [Lactobacillus delbrueckii (sub sp.) bulgaricus]、嗜热链球菌GIM1.540(Streptococcus thermophilus) 广东省微生物菌种保藏中心;桂郁金(Curcuma kwangsiensis) 购买于柳州市中药材市场;α-淀粉酶(≥ 5000 U/g)、胃蛋白酶(3000 U/g)、胰蛋白酶(≥ 2500 U/g)、胆盐 罗恩试剂;无水乙醇、七水合硫酸锌、氢氧化钠、盐酸、苯酚、硫酸、考马斯亮蓝、酒石酸钾钠、亚硫酸氢钠 四川西陇科学有限公司;葡萄糖、3,5-二硝基水杨酸、碳酸氢钠 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;刚果红 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;低聚果糖(FOS,低聚果糖含量大于90.0%,葡萄糖+蔗糖+果糖:≤10%)、牛血清白蛋白 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;胰酶(8 × USP,Protease ≥200 U/mg enzyme powder;Amylase ≥200 U/mg enzyme powder;Lipase ≥16 U/mg enzyme powder) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;甘露糖(Man)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA)、半乳糖醛酸(GalA)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、木糖(Xyl)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、岩藻糖(Fuc) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;MRS肉汤培养基、MRS肉汤(不含葡萄糖)培养基 青岛海博生物技术有限公司;以上所用试剂均为分析纯及以上。
DF-101S集热式恒温磁力搅拌器 巩义市予华仪器有限公司;P901酸度计 上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;HH-S6数显恒温水浴锅 江苏金怡仪器科技有限公司;TD4低速离心机 上海卢湘仪离心机有限公司;DHG-9140A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海齐欣科学仪器有限公司;AA-6880原子吸收光谱仪、UV-2600紫外-可见光光谱仪、IRAFLINTY-1S傅里叶红外光谱仪 岛津仪器有限公司;SX2-4—10W箱式电阻炉 上海一恒科技有限公司;LC-20A高效液相色谱仪 株式会社岛津制作所;K6600全波长酶标仪 北京凯奥科技发展有限公司。
根据Bai等[15]的方法并做出适量改动,将桂郁金粉碎过筛,用75%的乙醇以1:7.5比例进行醇提2次,每次3 h,温度70 ℃,醇提后的桂郁金粉末烘干后以85 ℃、60 min水提,进行3次,过滤去掉残渣,用无水乙醇以1:3的比例进行醇沉,在4 ℃条件下静置12 h,离心弃除上清液,加入适量的蒸馏水复溶后冷冻干燥,制备得到桂郁金粗多糖(Water extracted polysaccharide from Curcuma kwangsiensis,WPCK)。
根据Zhou等[16]的方法,将1.0 g WPCK溶于450 mL蒸馏水中,搅拌溶解10 min,加入0.88 g ZnSO4·7H2O后调节pH到6.0,在60 ℃下反应2 h,流水透析48 h后,浓缩,冻干,得到桂郁金多糖锌配合物(WPCK-Zn)。
将0.1 g样品置于马弗炉中进行灰化,灰化后加0.5 mL硝酸溶解试样,定容9.5 mL蒸馏水溶解作为样品液。蒸馏水溶解ZnSO4·7H2O并配制浓度为2、4、6、8、10 mg/L的标准溶液,使用氢火焰原子吸收光谱仪(锌空心阴极灯电流5.0 mA、狭缝宽度0.5 nm空气-乙炔火焰、分析波长213.9 nm)对样品液和标准液进行检测[17],得到锌标准曲线为y=0.0413x−0.013(其中x为锌溶液浓度,mg/L;y为吸光度),R2=0.9976。
$ \rm{锌含量}(X,\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{{{{\mathrm{V}}_{0}}\times (\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{b}}_{1})}{{\mathrm{k}}_{1}\times {M}_{0}} $
式中:V0,定容体积,0.01 L;M0,灰化前取样重量,0.1 g;A1,样品液中Zn2+的吸光度;b1,锌标准曲线中截距;k1,锌标准曲线中斜率。
根据戴洁等[18]的方法,采用苯酚-硫酸法对WPCK、WPCK-Zn进行总糖含量测定。标准曲线的绘制:取无水葡萄糖配制系列标准溶液为0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.1 mg/mL,各取浓度标准液1.0 mL于试管中,依次加入0.5 mL 6%苯酚溶液、2.5 mL浓硫酸,室温静置20 min后,于490 nm处测定各管吸光度绘制总糖标准曲线。得到总糖标准曲线为y=1.3285x−0.15(其中x为总糖浓度,mg/mL;y为吸光度),R2=0.9985
样品的总糖含量测定具体方法如下:配制多糖溶液浓度为0.1 mg/mL,取1 mL多糖溶液使用相同处理方法测定其吸光度A2,代入总糖含量计算公式进行计算。
$ \rm{总糖含量}({\text{%}})=\frac{{(\mathrm{A}}_{2}-{\mathrm{b}}_{2})\times {V}_{1}}{{\mathrm{k}}_{2}\times m}\times 100 $
式中:A2,样品液中的吸光度值;b2,总糖标准曲线中截距;k2,总糖标准曲线中斜率;m,吸取多糖溶液中样品质量,0.1 mg;V1,吸取样品体积,1 mL。
采用考马斯亮蓝法对WPCK、WPCK-Zn进行蛋白质含量测定[19]。标准曲线的绘制:配制牛血清白蛋白标准溶液(0、10、20、30、40、50 μg/mL),取20 μL标准溶液加入980 μL考马斯亮蓝染色剂,充分混合后,室温静置3 min在595 nm波长处测定各管吸光度绘制标准曲线。得到蛋白质标准曲线为y=10.278x+0.0248(其中x为蛋白质浓度,mg/L;y为吸光度),R2=0.9919。
样品的蛋白质含量测定具体方法如下:配制多糖溶液浓度为1 mg/mL,取20 μL样品溶液使用相同处理方法测定其吸光度A3,代入总糖含量计算公式进行计算。
$ \rm{蛋白质含量}({\text{%}})=\frac{{(\mathrm{A}}_{3}-{\mathrm{b}}_{3})\times {V}_{2}}{{\mathrm{k}}_{3}\times m\times 1000}\times 100 $
式中:A3,样品液中的吸光度值;b3,总糖标准曲线中截距;k3,总糖标准曲线中斜率;m,吸取多糖溶液中样品质量,mg;V2,吸取样品体积,mL。
根据尹艳等[20]的方法测定WPCK、WPCK-Zn的溶解度。在100 mg多糖样品中加入10 mL蒸馏水,室温静置90 min,充分溶解,使用低速离心机4000 r/min离心30 min,除去上清液,收集试管内的沉淀,使用真空干燥箱50 ℃干燥4 h,使其烘干为粉末,称取粉末的重量。多糖样品的溶解度计算公式如下:
$ \rm{溶解度}({\text{%}})=\frac{{\mathrm{W}}_{0}-{\mathrm{W}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{W}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:W0,多糖总重量,g;W1,沉淀粉末的重量,g。
参考Ma等[21]的方法。称取4 mg WPCK、WPCK-Zn多糖样品,分别用2 mL蒸馏水溶解为样品溶液,使用紫外-可见光光度计在200~400 nm波长处扫描,绘制扫描曲线。
参考Yang等[22]的方法。使用傅里叶红外光谱仪在500~4000 cm−1波数范围下对WPCK、WPCK-Zn进行扫描,并绘制红外光谱图。
取适量样品放置于导电胶上,进行必要实验操作,采用SU5000扫描电子显微镜进行检测,加速电压为5 kV,放大倍率为500和1000倍,观察多糖样品的外貌形态[23]。
根据陈薛[24]的方法,配制浓度为1 mg/mL的样品液,并用0.22 μm膜过滤,采用Zetasizer Nano-ZS电位-粒度分析仪进行检测。
根据Li等[25]的方法,配制1 mg/mL的多糖样品溶液,取1 mL多糖溶液和刚果红溶液(80 μmol/L)按照1:1的比例进行混匀,加入2 mL不同浓度梯度的NaOH(0~1 mol/L)溶液,使用紫外-可见光光度计在400~600 nm波长下测定最大吸收波长(Amax)。
将其用载玻片在磨具中压平,采用X-射线衍射仪(Cu靶,λ=1.54056 Å)分析样品的 晶体结构,测试扫描的步长为0.02626°,扫描速度为0.6565°/s,扫描范围为5°~90°[26]。
根据Zhang等[27]的方法,在坩埚中称取10 mg多糖样品,放入热重分析仪的炉腔内,从25℃升温至400 ℃,升温速率为20 ℃/min,以高纯氩气(99%)作为保护气(20 mL/min),反应气(50 mL/min),通过多糖的质量损失率来研究温度对多糖的影响。
$ \rm 质量占比({\text{%}})=\frac{{\mathrm{W}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{W}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:W0,多糖总重量,g;W1,煅烧余下粉末重量,g。
参考相关文献,配制模拟唾液消化液、胃液消化液、小肠消化液,并稍作修改实验方案[28]。
模拟唾液消化液的配制:称取48 mg NaCl、60 mg KCl及400 mg NaHCO3溶于400 mL蒸馏水中,调节pH为6.9±0.5,后加入α-淀粉酶400 mg,充分溶解后过滤,得到模拟唾液消化液(pH6.9±0.5)。
模拟唾液消化液与10 mg/mL的多糖样品溶液等体积混合,于37 ℃条件下恒温反应2 h,分别在0、0.5、1 h时取出反应液10 mL,并立即置于沸水浴中对α-淀粉酶进行灭活10 min,将灭活处理后的反应液进行冷冻干燥,得到模拟唾液消化后的多糖粉末。
模拟胃液消化液:称取1.24 g NaCl、0.45 g KCl、0.06 g CaCl2及0.24 g NaHCO3溶于400 mL蒸馏水中,调节pH为2±0.5。后加入47.2 mg胃蛋白酶和1 mL CH3COONa(1 mol,pH5),调节pH为2±0.5,得到模拟胃液消化液。
取经唾液消化后的多糖溶液与模拟胃液消化液等体积混合,后置于37 ℃条件下恒温反应6 h,分别在0、1.5、3 h时取出反应液10 mL,并立即置于沸水浴中对胃蛋白酶进行灭活10 min,将灭活处理后的反应液进行冷冻干燥,得到模拟胃液消化后的多糖粉末。
模拟小肠消化液:称取1.08 g NaCl、0.13 g KCl及0.048 g CaCl2溶于200 mL蒸馏水中,调节pH为7±0.5。后加入40 mg胰酶、5.2 mg胰蛋白酶和40 mL 4%胆盐溶液,调节pH为7±0.5。充分混匀后,4000 r/min离心30 min得到模拟肠液消化液。
取胃液消化后的样品溶液与模拟肠液消化液混合,体积比为10:3,37 ℃条件下恒温反应6 h,于0、1.5、3 h时分别取出50 mL反应液,沸水浴中灭活10 min,冷冻干燥,得到消化后的多糖粉末。
消化后总糖含量测定方法同上的1.2.2.2。
采用DNS法对消化后的WPCK和WPCK-Zn进行还原糖含量的检测[29]。
参考文献[30]中的方法。采用HPLC测定WPCK和WPCK-Zn消化后的单糖组成,对多糖组分进行酸水解和衍生化,加入0.5 mL PMP和0.5 mL 0.3 mol/L NaOH,将混合物搅拌均匀,70 ℃水浴反应30 min,充分反应后加入0.5 mL 0.3 mol/L的HCl和0.5 mL超纯水,然后加入1 mL氯仿去除PMP。获取水层,并通过0.22 μm滤膜进行过滤,后使用高效液相色谱进行检测。采用Shimadzu HPLC系统 (LC-20AT泵和SPD-20A紫外检测器),连接C18色谱柱(4.6×250 mm),用于分析单糖。流动相为PBS(1 mol/L,pH7.0)与乙腈按82:18(V/V)的比例混合,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为20 μL,总运行时间为25 min,检测波长为245 nm。选取甘露糖(Man)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA)、半乳糖醛酸(GalA)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、木糖(Xyl)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、岩藻糖(Fuc)作为标品。
配制MRS液体培养基,121 ℃下灭菌20 min后,置于无菌操作台中,待冷却后,分别吸取四种菌株(短乳杆菌GIM1.773、植物乳杆菌GIM1.191、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种GIM 1.155和嗜热链球菌GIM1.540)200 μL接种于液体MRS培养基中,37 ℃培养48 h,然后吸取200 μL于固体MRS培养基中培养48 h,挑选单个菌株于液体MRS培养基中再培养12 h备用。
分别以质量浓度为1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%的WPCK和WPCK-Zn加入无糖MRS基础培养基中进行益生菌的培养,以FOS为阳性对照。吸取上述培养基250 μL,加入96孔板中,再加入50 μL纯化后菌落数为10−6~10−8 CFU/mL的菌悬液,在培养24 h时,使用酶标仪在600 nm处检测吸光度,确定其最适益生菌增殖浓度。
参考Sun等[31]的方法。配制最佳浓度的WPCK、WPCK-Zn培养基,在121 ℃的高压灭菌锅中灭菌20 min,冷却后分别加入100 μL已经活化的实验菌株(10−6~10−8 CFU/mL)。于37 ℃培养箱中培养48 h,前24 h每隔2 h测一次OD值,后24 h每隔6 h测一次,波长设置为600 nm。
配制最佳浓度的WPCK、WPCK-Zn为唯一碳源培养基200 mL,在121 ℃的高压灭菌20 min,分装到培养瓶里面,冷却后分别加入100 μL已经活化的实验菌株(10−6~10−8 CFU/mL)。在37 ℃培养箱中培养48 h,每隔4 h测一次pH。
所有实验均平行实验三次,使用Excel 2021对数据进行处理分析,结果以平均值±标准偏差(X±SD)的形式表示。采用Origin8.0等软件进行数据处理并绘制图像,采用SPSS Statistics27.0软件ANOVA检验中邓肯检验(Duncan’s text)对数据间的差异显著性进行分析(P<0.05)。
锌含量、总糖、蛋白质和溶解度测定实验结果如表1所示。WPCK未检测到Zn,WPCK-Zn的锌含量为29.39±0.19 mg/g,表明WPCK与Zn的配合物制备成功。通过对WPCK和WPCK-Zn的总糖和蛋白质含量分析发现多糖在经过锌修饰后,总糖含量显著降低(P<0.05),相关研究表明多糖锌配合物的总糖含量有一定程度降低,锌的配位反应改变了多糖中的主要基团和作用成分,从而相应地引起总糖含量降低等多方面的生物效应的变化[32−33];而锌螯合多糖在蛋白质含量上虽有降低但效果并不显著。WPCK和WPCK-Zn均具有较好的溶解性,但修饰前后溶解性变化并未发生显著性变化。Hao等[34]的研究表明,水溶性的增加和新基团的引入可能会改善多糖本身某些生物活性。
WPCP、WPCP-Zn紫外扫描图谱如图1所示。多糖中的核酸、蛋白质因其共轭双键的作用下会分别在波长260 nm和280 nm处具有吸收峰,而图1中多糖紫外光谱扫描曲线平滑,且在波长260 nm和280 nm处均没出现吸收峰,表明WPCK和WPCK-Zn没有核酸、蛋白质或两者的含量极低,该测量结果与蛋白质含量测定结果一致。
WPCK和WPCK-Zn的红外光谱如图2所示。在3400 cm−1附近,两种多糖都出现了宽峰,这是由多糖分子内O-H的伸缩振动所导致的;而在2900 cm−1处,则出现一个C-H伸缩振动峰;在1645 cm−1处,可以观察到C=O伸缩振动引起的吸收峰。上述都是多糖的典型特征吸收峰,表明WPCK和WPCK-Zn均保有多糖的基本结构以及官能团分布[35]。通过对比二者峰型,发现在1424 cm−1吸收峰(C-H弯曲振动)、1151 cm−1处吸收峰(C-O伸缩振动)、1012 cm−1吸收峰(C-O-C伸缩振动)、850 cm−1处吸收峰(C-H弯曲振动)处均出现明显差异,峰型更宽或更尖锐,此类差异可能与锌的配位作用有关,锌离子可能与多糖链上氧原子(如羟基-OH或醚键C-O-C中的氧)发生配位,从而导致多糖中C-O和C-H的振动模式发生变化[36]。
WPCK、WPCK-Zn的SEM扫描结果如图3所示,WPCK和WPCK-Zn的表面形态有明显的差异。从图3a、c可以看出,WPCK显示出不规则的块状结构,表面粗糙,颗粒之间有较多的孔隙;WPCK-Zn显示出较为细长的片状或纤维状结构,颗粒之间的排列更加有序。从图3b、d可以看出WPCK表面结构表现出不规则块状、粗糙多孔的结构,WPCK-Zn为细长的片状结构、表面更均匀的结构,这可能是由于WPCK与锌离子的配合使得分子间的相互作用力增强,通过物理吸附(如静电引力、范德华力等非共价力)从而导致了这种不同的表面形态。扫描电镜结果表明锌与WPCK的配合不仅使得空间结构发生了变化,还使多糖的表面结构发生改变[37]。
Zeta电位也称为电势,可以在一定程度上反映多糖分子的稳定性。Zeta电位的绝对值越大,表明多糖分子在体系中越容易分散或溶解,稳定性越高[38]。经检测WPCK和WPCK-Zn的Zeta电位,图4结果表明WPCK和WPCK-Zn带负电荷,且WPCK-Zn的电位绝对值大于WPCK,由此说明WPCK经过锌配合后,其稳定性和分散性得到提高。
WPCK、WPCK-Zn的刚果红测试结果如图5所示。具有三螺旋结构的多糖能与刚果红溶液在碱性条件下络合形成配合物。与刚果红溶液相比,多糖-刚果红复合物的最大吸收波长会随着碱性浓度的增加而增加,即发生红移,而当NaOH溶液浓度大于某一浓度后,多糖-刚果红复合物的三螺旋结构解旋,最大吸收波长急剧下降[39]。图5表明,在NaOH浓度小于0.05 mol/L时WPCK与WPCK-Zn的最大吸收波长随NaOH浓度增大而增大,发生红移;当浓度大于0.05 mol/L WPCK与WPCK-Zn最大吸收波长逐渐降低,表明三螺旋结构被破坏。结果说明WPCK、WPEP-Zn具有多糖的三螺旋结构。
通过X射线衍射技术,可以对多糖的晶体构型进行深入分析,WPCK、WPCK-Zn的XRD扫描结果如图6所示。WPCK与WPCK-Zn的衍射图在2θ=20°、2θ=17°有明显的结晶度峰。WPCK和WPCK-Zn的X射线衍射强度曲线基本一致,尤其是在2θ角为20°附近,衍射峰的形状圆滑,表明它们的晶体结构为非定型的结晶态。说明这两种多糖均以非定型的结晶态存在。在2θ=17°处,发现WPCK-Zn的峰型更为明显,这种峰型的增强通常与结晶区域或类型的改变有关[40],可能在WPCK与锌配合的过程中通过分子间相互作用(如配位键),使WPCK-Zn整体结晶度提高,但并未改变其以非定型结晶态为主的基本性质[41]。根据相关文献研究,结晶度可能与溶解度呈负相关,溶解性越好,其相对结晶度越低[42]。而结果表明,WPCK与WPCK-Zn具有较好的溶解性,且WPCK-Zn的溶解度稍弱于WPCK,这与溶解性测定结果相互印证。
WPCK、WPCK-Zn的热重分析如图7所示,WPCK、WPCK-Zn的热失重可以分为两个阶段来分。在第一个阶段,当温度上升至130 ℃时多糖失去吸附水,WPCK、WPCK-Zn的质量占比为85.41%和85.49%。随着温度的上升,WPCK、WPCK-Zn的重量变化趋于平缓。第二个失重阶段发生在220 ℃到330 ℃时,WPCK、WPCK-Zn的质量占比分别为24.98%和33.14%,多糖的失重曲线急剧下降,说明多糖的结构发生分解,重量减小。在330 ℃之后多糖重量变化开始趋于平缓,这时多糖处于缓慢碳化阶段,大部分变成灰分和无机成分。经热重分析可以看出,WPCK-Zn的稳定性相较高于WPCK。可能是糖链上的-COO-、-CH3、-OSO3与锌离子建立配位键,使结构更加稳定,从而在加热时减少WPCK-Zn的质量损失[27]。
WPCK、WPCK-Zn通过体外模拟消化后总糖含量的变化如表2所示。结果表明,消化后WPCK与WPCK-Zn的总糖含量具有显著差异(P<0.05)。通过与WPCK-Zn消化前的总糖含量进行对比,发现消化后WPCK-Zn总糖含量升高,这可能是由于模拟消化时使部分锌离子从多糖锌的配合物中解离出来,而消化液中的蛋白酶、胆盐等成分也可能与锌离子相互作用,均可能使得多糖链更充分地暴露出来,从而导致消化后WPCK-Zn总糖含量升高。
多糖中糖苷键的断裂会引起还原糖含量的增加,采用DNS法可以进行测定。如表3所示,在唾液消化阶段,WPCK和WPCK-Zn还原糖含量在0.5 h时无显著变化(P>0.05),并均在消化1 h后出现显著升高(P<0.05)。在胃液消化1.5 h后,WPCK和WPCK-Zn的还原糖含量均有所降低,发生显著变化(P<0.05),这是由于在胃液较低的pH环境下,导致多糖开始降解,但持续消化3 h后,二者均呈现上升趋势,但WPCK出现显著上升,而WPCK-Zn的上升趋势并不显著。在小肠消化阶段,WPCK、WPCK-Zn的还原糖最终变化至0.4984和0.5084 mg/mL,在小肠消化之后WPCK、WPCK-Zn的还原糖发生显著增加(P<0.05),模拟消化液中的还原糖含量增加,说明两种多糖在经唾液、胃液、肠液消化之后,其他非还原糖被此三道消化过程消化、降解为部分还原糖。
根据表4和表5的多糖消化后的单糖组成分布可知,WPCK、WPCK-Zn的主要单糖组成葡萄糖(Glc)的含量最多。对WPCK消化后单糖组成分析发现,在唾液消化和胃液消化过程中Man变化较为明显,但 变化趋势相反,而在小肠消化 阶段五种单糖均存在明显变化,尤其是半乳糖醛酸(GalA)和阿拉伯糖(Ara)。经过三个阶段的消化过后,对比各单糖消化始终的含量变化,发现WPCK-Zn中除葡萄糖外的其他单糖组成在三种模拟消化阶段后占比大部分有所降低,这与WPCK消化后的单糖组成分布表现结果基本一致;不同的是,对比WPCK与WPCK-Zn发现,WPCK中Gal在经三道消化后分布占比有少量提升,而WPCK-Zn中则是Man有此变化;并且发现各葡萄糖仍为样品的主要单糖成分,说明WPCK与WPCK-Zn在不同阶段消化均能保持相对稳定不被消化液裂解糖苷键产生游离单糖。
不同浓度多糖对益生菌增殖的影响结果如图8所示。培养24 h后四种益生菌(短乳杆菌GIM1.773、植物乳杆菌GIM1.191、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种GIM 1.155和嗜热链球菌GIM1.540)生长处于稳定期,通过对比不同浓度碳源培养基中的益生菌在24 h时不同浓度菌液的OD600值,可以确定四种益生菌生长的最佳多糖浓度的培养基。在以WPCK-Zn为唯一碳源的培养基中,对四种益生菌的最佳生长浓度依次分别为2%、2%、2.5%、2%;在以WPCK为唯一碳源的培养基中,对四种益生菌的最佳生长浓度依次分别为2.5%、2.5%、2.5%、2%。通过显著性分析可知,在不同浓度下,FOS对四种益生菌的促进增殖作用与WPCK和WPCK-Zn之间均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),表明实验中FOS作为阳性对照可以较好地促进益生菌的增殖,通过控制样品浓度,可以使WPCK-Zn作用效果更接近FOS,尤其是植物乳杆菌(图8 b)和嗜热链球菌(图8 d);而在最佳生长浓度条件下,WPCK-Zn对植物乳杆菌的增殖效果最好,吸光度值为2.07,此时FOS的吸光度值为2.21,WPCK的吸光度值仅为1.74;WPCK-Zn对短乳杆菌的增殖效果最差,吸光度最大仅为1.85,此时FOS吸光度值为2.27,WPCK的吸光度值仅为1.61。结果表明WPCK-Zn、WPCK均具有较好地促进益生菌增殖效果,且WPCK-Zn的效果比WPCK更佳,但均弱于FOS。
最佳浓度下的WPCK、WPCK-Zn对益生菌生长曲线的影响结果如图9所示。在分别以WPCK、WPCK-Zn为碳源的培养基中,四个菌种均在培养20 h左右时菌液浓度达到最大值;且在WPCK-Zn的培养基中四个菌种的OD600值均大于WPCK,但均未达到阳性对照FOS的作用效果;随着培养时间加长,菌液浓度开始下降且WPCK-Zn变化幅度较WPCK更小。结果表明,在相同浓度下WPCK-Zn对4种益生菌促进增殖和维持生长的效果高于WPCK,这说明WPCK在经过锌的配合后对益生菌的生长具有良好的促进作用,是一种具有发展潜力的益生元。
益生菌在利用糖类物质生长代谢时,会产生酸性代谢产物,因此可以通过pH的变化间接反映益生菌的增殖。从图10的pH变化曲线可以看出,含有WPCK和WPCK-Zn的培养基在培养5 h后出现了pH有较大程度地降低,说明此时菌种开始生长,代谢活跃,酸性代谢产物开始大量产生,20 h之后细菌生长达到生长稳定期,pH基本保持不变。从结果可以看出WPCK-Zn对四个菌种的pH影响要大过WPCK,说明了WPCK-Zn能够更好地被益生菌分解和利用,但与阳性对照FOS相比还是略有不足。
本研究以桂郁金水提多糖(WPCK)为原料,与七水硫酸锌配位制备桂郁金多糖锌配合物(WPCK-Zn),开展了理化性质、结构表征、抗消化特性及益生元活性的研究。研究结果表明成功制得的WPCK-Zn锌含量达29.39±0.19 mg/g,但总糖含量显著降低(P<0.05),蛋白质含量和溶解性未发生显著变化,说明WPCK与锌通过配位反应只影响总糖含量。结构表征表明,WPCK与锌配位后仍保留多糖基本骨架、官能团分布及三螺旋结构,且表面形貌更均匀光滑,热稳定性与Zeta电位绝对值有所提升,WPCK与WPCK-Zn均呈非定型结晶态。这些变化共同揭示了锌离子与多糖链间形成了稳定的相互作用,改善了多糖的物化稳定性。体外模拟消化实验显示,两种多糖均具备抗消化特性,可抵抗消化系统降解并完整进入肠道,具备了作为结肠靶向递送载体和微生物碳源的先决条件;益生元活性研究进一步证实,WPCK与WPCK-Zn对植物乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种等四种益生菌均有增殖作用,且WPCK-Zn的益生元效果优于WPCK,这更表明了多糖锌配合物不仅具有补锌潜能,更可能具有通过改变多糖的微观结构或提供协同效应,从而强化其益生元功能的作用。
本研究从分子结构与功能活性层面,明确了桂郁金多糖锌配合物的结构特征与生物活性优势,证实其兼具补锌功能与益生元活性,为桂郁金多糖的高值化利用提供了理论依据,也为新型补锌剂与功能性微生态制剂的研发提供了新的候选材料,对推动药食同源资源在保健食品、医药保健领域的应用具有重要实用价值。但仍存在一定局限性,本研究尚难以深入阐明WPCK与锌离子的配位位点及配位机制,且未开展动物体内实验以验证WPCK-Zn的生物利用度、补锌效率及调节肠道菌群的具体作用路径。后续研究可借助X射线光电子能谱、核磁共振等技术解析WPCK-Zn的精准配位结构;通过构建动物模型,探究WPCK-Zn在体内的代谢过程、组织分布及生理功能;也可以开展WPCK与其他微量元素的配位研究,开发多功效配合多糖金属配合物,为桂郁金资源的深度开发奠定更坚实的基础。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110214
  • 接收时间:2025-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20
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    1柳州工学院食品与化学工程学院,广西柳州 545616
    2柳州市螺蛳粉植物源性配料研究重点实验室,广西柳州 545616

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孙松(1985−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:天然产物构效研究,E-mail:。
孙永进(1997−),男,博士,研究方向:天然产物构效研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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