Article(id=1320166393035735833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050330, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748707200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681795604, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681795604, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681795604, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681795604, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=196, endPage=204, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166393295782682, articleId=1320166393035735833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Screening of Tannase-producing LAB from Phyllanthus emblica Surface and Its Application in Fermented Phyllanthus emblica Juice, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, a total of 64 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from the surface of Phyllanthus emblica. The tannase activity, growth characteristics, tolerance to acid, bile salts, and artificial gastrointestinal fluids, as well as their antibacterial ability of these strains were investigated. Four dominant lactic acid bacterial strains were selected. Through 16S rDNA molecular identification, strains YG-10, YG-8, and YG-6 were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus, while strain YG-16 was identified as Lactobacillus brevis. Among them, strain YG-10 exhibited a tannase activity of 68.84 U/mL. The survival rates of the strain under pH2.0 and 0.4% bile salt stress were 89.79% and 60.72%, respectively. After 3 hours of incubation in simulated gastric fluid and 4 hours in simulated intestinal fluid, the survival rates were 89.13% and 50.58%, respectively. The strain also showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella. When YG-10 was used to ferment Phyllanthus emblica juice, the degradation rate of tannic acid reached 75.14%, the astringency was weakened, and meanwhile, the characteristic lingering sweetness was retained. This study was the first to screen tannase-producing LAB from the surface of Phyllanthus emblica, which possessed the functions of de-astringency, nutritional enhancement, and probiotic properties. It could provide new resources and technical support for the screening of tannase-producing strains and the development of functional fermented beverages.

, authors=Yuwei FAN, Changyang DENG, Xueying XU, Linbo SHEN, Shuaiyu YANG, Yuanming JIANG, Guangfei HAO, Shanshan ZHAO*, authorsList=Yuwei FAN, Changyang DENG, Xueying XU, Linbo SHEN, Shuaiyu YANG, Yuanming JIANG, Guangfei HAO, Shanshan ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shanshan ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166396584117035, articleId=1320166393035735833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=余甘子表面产单宁酶乳酸菌的筛选及在发酵余甘子果汁中的应用, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究从余甘子(Phyllanthus emblica)表面分离得到64株乳酸菌,并对其单宁酶活力、生长、耐酸、耐胆盐和耐人工胃肠液特性及抑菌能力进行研究,筛选得到4株优势乳酸菌。通过16S rDNA分子鉴定为戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)YG-10、YG-8、YG-6和短促生乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)YG-16。其中,菌株YG-10单宁酶活力达68.84 U/mL,在pH2.0和0.4%胆盐胁迫下存活率为89.79%和60.72%;在人工胃液和肠液中的存活率为89.13%和50.58%;对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌都具有良好抑菌作用。YG-10发酵余甘子果汁后,单宁酸降解率达75.14%,涩味减弱,同时保留了特征性回甘风味。本研究首次从余甘子表面筛选出具有单宁酶活性的乳酸菌,兼具脱涩、营养强化和益生功能,为单宁酶菌株筛选及功能性发酵饮品开发提供了新资源和技术支撑。

, authors=樊雨薇, 邓长阳, 徐雪莹, 申林波, 杨帅宇, 蒋远明, 郝光飞, 赵山山*, authorsList=樊雨薇, 邓长阳, 徐雪莹, 申林波, 杨帅宇, 蒋远明, 郝光飞, 赵山山, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵山山, authorNote=

樊雨薇(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵山山(1982−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=L0RVIsldN4lL3+uZ7krW+A==, magXml=CIGt/COgx+JlKcOqpuN/xg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=uL72OAMcwuoTCEGUvhnQfg==, pdfFileSize=1959247, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Oldq07/RWucbJ+LYcn3jBg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JeJd6vNj86R1vZm20lkp8A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320167097951437252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1746708263@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320167098165346758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, authorId=1320167097951437252, language=EN, stringName=Yuwei FAN, firstName=Yuwei, middleName=null, lastName=FAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Handan 056038, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320167098567999944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, authorId=1320167097951437252, language=CN, stringName=樊雨薇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038, bio={"content":"

樊雨薇(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

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樊雨薇(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

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Effect of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on tannins removal in Xuan Mugua fruits[J]. Food Chemistry, 2019, 274: 118−122., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320167124643988053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Wei, ZHU Qinggang, WANG Wenqiu, et al. Molecular basis of the formation and removal of fruit astringency[J]. 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China Dairy, 2015(4): 60−63,64.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320167124786594391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Yang, GAO Hang, DUAN Yanzhu, et al. Study on the processing technology of brown Emblica lactic acid bacteria beverage[J]. China Dairy, 2015(4): 60−63,64., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320167097863356864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167097867551169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, companyId=1320167097863356864, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Handan 056038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167097875939778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, companyId=1320167097863356864, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320167102925881848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Tannin enzyme production capacity of the strain, figureFileSmall=j7WX2VLg/zHYWndHNFi20Q==, figureFileBig=VuxIA16wtrPGGAn5fradIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167102997185017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌株产单宁酶能力

注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图3、图4、图7同。

, figureFileSmall=j7WX2VLg/zHYWndHNFi20Q==, figureFileBig=VuxIA16wtrPGGAn5fradIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167103194317306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Growth curves of the strain, figureFileSmall=T981LFjQwgtr9EmivI6nBA==, figureFileBig=NA+JIHmmITTm9vmJhpLqeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167103269814779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=图2, caption=菌株生长曲线图, figureFileSmall=T981LFjQwgtr9EmivI6nBA==, figureFileBig=NA+JIHmmITTm9vmJhpLqeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167103341117948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Acid resistance of different strains, figureFileSmall=J7CvW968H2k5chEcrHTPwQ==, figureFileBig=e44lXVPlQo9xAtgNE3Fu8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167103676662269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同菌株的耐酸能力, figureFileSmall=J7CvW968H2k5chEcrHTPwQ==, figureFileBig=e44lXVPlQo9xAtgNE3Fu8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167103760548350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Bile salt tolerance of different strains, figureFileSmall=0Ly/e/iJY/k+AEin+0A4EQ==, figureFileBig=9Yn3+8xJOLp8X1CjHvP5Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167104066732543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同菌株的耐胆盐能力, figureFileSmall=0Ly/e/iJY/k+AEin+0A4EQ==, figureFileBig=9Yn3+8xJOLp8X1CjHvP5Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167104133841408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cell morphology of bacterial strains, figureFileSmall=WTB8ZR8/jXRM85rdBSEGgw==, figureFileBig=0JG+dfzGZI/OSYMT2ktcOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167104205144577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菌株的细胞形态图, figureFileSmall=WTB8ZR8/jXRM85rdBSEGgw==, figureFileBig=0JG+dfzGZI/OSYMT2ktcOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167104444219906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Phylogenetic tree of 4 strains based on 16S rDNA genes, figureFileSmall=ooV08VTHdBhcJJ+pGb7nqQ==, figureFileBig=6Hl2U3f4y+K0//CuLFotlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167104507134467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于16S rDNA基因的4株菌株系统发育树, figureFileSmall=ooV08VTHdBhcJJ+pGb7nqQ==, figureFileBig=6Hl2U3f4y+K0//CuLFotlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167104624574980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Tannin content in Phyllanthus emblica juice, figureFileSmall=fFoHer5+OGsd6YgKjpV9BQ==, figureFileBig=/S4HztslQQUceRaohg2G2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167104863650309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=图7, caption=余甘子果汁中单宁酸含量, figureFileSmall=fFoHer5+OGsd6YgKjpV9BQ==, figureFileBig=/S4HztslQQUceRaohg2G2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167104934953478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Radar map of sensory score of Phyllanthus emblica juice, figureFileSmall=bxQjnxHMlE8kJ+Q4WdgQEw==, figureFileBig=RS7znLrHjvKUuxuR8rKlhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167105681539591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=图8, caption=余甘子果汁的感官评分雷达图, figureFileSmall=bxQjnxHMlE8kJ+Q4WdgQEw==, figureFileBig=RS7znLrHjvKUuxuR8rKlhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167106990162441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for Phyllanthus emblica L.juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准得分
色泽(20分)呈淡绿色或微黄,光泽度好15~20
呈黄色,光泽度一般10~14
呈黄褐色,光泽度差0~9
香味(20分)果香和发酵香醇厚,无异味15~20
果香和发酵香寡淡,略有异味10~14
无果香和发酵香,有异味0~9
组织形态(20分)澄清或均匀,无悬浮物或沉淀15~20
有少量悬浮物或沉淀10~14
有大量悬浮物或沉淀0~9
滋味(20分)果味浓郁,无涩味,酸甜适中,有回甘15~20
果味较淡,无明显涩味,较酸,有回甘10~14
果味较淡,有涩味,有刺激性酸味,无回甘0~9
整体接受度(20分)非常喜欢,各方面均可接受15~20
一般喜欢,部分接受10~14
不喜欢,难以接受0~9
), ArticleFig(id=1320167107069854218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

余甘子果汁感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准得分
色泽(20分)呈淡绿色或微黄,光泽度好15~20
呈黄色,光泽度一般10~14
呈黄褐色,光泽度差0~9
香味(20分)果香和发酵香醇厚,无异味15~20
果香和发酵香寡淡,略有异味10~14
无果香和发酵香,有异味0~9
组织形态(20分)澄清或均匀,无悬浮物或沉淀15~20
有少量悬浮物或沉淀10~14
有大量悬浮物或沉淀0~9
滋味(20分)果味浓郁,无涩味,酸甜适中,有回甘15~20
果味较淡,无明显涩味,较酸,有回甘10~14
果味较淡,有涩味,有刺激性酸味,无回甘0~9
整体接受度(20分)非常喜欢,各方面均可接受15~20
一般喜欢,部分接受10~14
不喜欢,难以接受0~9
), ArticleFig(id=1320167107392815627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gastrointestinal fluid resistance of different strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株0 h胃液培养3 h肠液培养4 h胃液培养3 h肠液培养4 h
活菌数
(lg CFU/mL)
活菌数
(lg CFU/mL)
活菌数
(lg CFU/mL)
存活率(%)存活率(%)
YG-108.86±0.83a8.81±1.16a5.99±1.12b89.13±0.69a50.58±1.20b
YG-88.04±0.27d7.98±0.79c4.69±1.08d87.10±0.37b36.22±0.67c
YG-68.17±0.67b8.09±1.28b4.64±0.37d83.18±0.44c33.81±0.46c
YG-98.05±1.08d7.94±0.67d6.57±0.81a77.62±0.63d28.18±0.69d
YG-168.12±1.27c7.98±0.65c5.43±1.14c72.44±0.38e57.02±1.08a
YG-37.92±0.73e7.39±1.11e4.30±0.52e29.51±0.31f15.55±1.11e
), ArticleFig(id=1320167107480896012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同菌株的耐人工胃肠液能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株0 h胃液培养3 h肠液培养4 h胃液培养3 h肠液培养4 h
活菌数
(lg CFU/mL)
活菌数
(lg CFU/mL)
活菌数
(lg CFU/mL)
存活率(%)存活率(%)
YG-108.86±0.83a8.81±1.16a5.99±1.12b89.13±0.69a50.58±1.20b
YG-88.04±0.27d7.98±0.79c4.69±1.08d87.10±0.37b36.22±0.67c
YG-68.17±0.67b8.09±1.28b4.64±0.37d83.18±0.44c33.81±0.46c
YG-98.05±1.08d7.94±0.67d6.57±0.81a77.62±0.63d28.18±0.69d
YG-168.12±1.27c7.98±0.65c5.43±1.14c72.44±0.38e57.02±1.08a
YG-37.92±0.73e7.39±1.11e4.30±0.52e29.51±0.31f15.55±1.11e
), ArticleFig(id=1320167107573170701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Bacteriostatic ability of different strains

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菌株抑菌圈(mm)
大肠杆菌金黄色葡萄球菌沙门氏菌
YG-1017.17±0.66a16.67±0.07b20.17±0.21b
YG-815.50±0.37b13.33±0.15c22.67±0.14a
YG-616.33±0.17ab12.50±0.23c19.33±0.11b
YG-1612.50±0.24c19.17±0.31a18.33±0.06b
), ArticleFig(id=1320167107782885902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同菌株的抑菌能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株抑菌圈(mm)
大肠杆菌金黄色葡萄球菌沙门氏菌
YG-1017.17±0.66a16.67±0.07b20.17±0.21b
YG-815.50±0.37b13.33±0.15c22.67±0.14a
YG-616.33±0.17ab12.50±0.23c19.33±0.11b
YG-1612.50±0.24c19.17±0.31a18.33±0.06b
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Physiological and biochemical results of bacteria strains

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特征YG-6YG-8YG-10YG-16
运动性−−−−
明胶液化−−−−
产硫化氢−−−−
吲哚实验−−−−
硝酸盐还原+++−
麦芽糖++++
葡萄糖++++
乳糖++++
甘露糖+++−
蔗糖++++
纤维二糖+++−
棉子糖−+−+
鼠李糖−−−−
半乳糖++−+
甘露醇−−−−
山梨醇−−+−
), ArticleFig(id=1320167107963240976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166393035735833, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

菌株生理生化实验结果

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特征YG-6YG-8YG-10YG-16
运动性−−−−
明胶液化−−−−
产硫化氢−−−−
吲哚实验−−−−
硝酸盐还原+++−
麦芽糖++++
葡萄糖++++
乳糖++++
甘露糖+++−
蔗糖++++
纤维二糖+++−
棉子糖−+−+
鼠李糖−−−−
半乳糖++−+
甘露醇−−−−
山梨醇−−+−
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余甘子表面产单宁酶乳酸菌的筛选及在发酵余甘子果汁中的应用
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樊雨薇 , 邓长阳 , 徐雪莹 , 申林波 , 杨帅宇 , 蒋远明 , 郝光飞 , 赵山山 *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(11): 196-204
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (11) : 196 -204
余甘子表面产单宁酶乳酸菌的筛选及在发酵余甘子果汁中的应用
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樊雨薇 , 邓长阳, 徐雪莹, 申林波, 杨帅宇, 蒋远明, 郝光飞, 赵山山*
作者信息
  • 河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038
通讯作者:
赵山山(1982−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

樊雨薇(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

Screening of Tannase-producing LAB from Phyllanthus emblica Surface and Its Application in Fermented Phyllanthus emblica Juice
Yuwei FAN , Changyang DENG, Xueying XU, Linbo SHEN, Shuaiyu YANG, Yuanming JIANG, Guangfei HAO, Shanshan ZHAO*
Affiliations
  • College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Handan 056038, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050330
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本研究从余甘子(Phyllanthus emblica)表面分离得到64株乳酸菌,并对其单宁酶活力、生长、耐酸、耐胆盐和耐人工胃肠液特性及抑菌能力进行研究,筛选得到4株优势乳酸菌。通过16S rDNA分子鉴定为戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)YG-10、YG-8、YG-6和短促生乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)YG-16。其中,菌株YG-10单宁酶活力达68.84 U/mL,在pH2.0和0.4%胆盐胁迫下存活率为89.79%和60.72%;在人工胃液和肠液中的存活率为89.13%和50.58%;对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌都具有良好抑菌作用。YG-10发酵余甘子果汁后,单宁酸降解率达75.14%,涩味减弱,同时保留了特征性回甘风味。本研究首次从余甘子表面筛选出具有单宁酶活性的乳酸菌,兼具脱涩、营养强化和益生功能,为单宁酶菌株筛选及功能性发酵饮品开发提供了新资源和技术支撑。

余甘子  /  乳酸菌  /  产单宁酶  /  益生性能  /  分离鉴定  /  余甘子果汁

In this study, a total of 64 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from the surface of Phyllanthus emblica. The tannase activity, growth characteristics, tolerance to acid, bile salts, and artificial gastrointestinal fluids, as well as their antibacterial ability of these strains were investigated. Four dominant lactic acid bacterial strains were selected. Through 16S rDNA molecular identification, strains YG-10, YG-8, and YG-6 were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus, while strain YG-16 was identified as Lactobacillus brevis. Among them, strain YG-10 exhibited a tannase activity of 68.84 U/mL. The survival rates of the strain under pH2.0 and 0.4% bile salt stress were 89.79% and 60.72%, respectively. After 3 hours of incubation in simulated gastric fluid and 4 hours in simulated intestinal fluid, the survival rates were 89.13% and 50.58%, respectively. The strain also showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella. When YG-10 was used to ferment Phyllanthus emblica juice, the degradation rate of tannic acid reached 75.14%, the astringency was weakened, and meanwhile, the characteristic lingering sweetness was retained. This study was the first to screen tannase-producing LAB from the surface of Phyllanthus emblica, which possessed the functions of de-astringency, nutritional enhancement, and probiotic properties. It could provide new resources and technical support for the screening of tannase-producing strains and the development of functional fermented beverages.

Phyllanthus emblica L.  /  lactic acid bacteria  /  tannase-producing  /  probiotics properties  /  isolation and identification  /  Phyllanthus emblica juice
樊雨薇, 邓长阳, 徐雪莹, 申林波, 杨帅宇, 蒋远明, 郝光飞, 赵山山. 余甘子表面产单宁酶乳酸菌的筛选及在发酵余甘子果汁中的应用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 196 -204 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050330
Yuwei FAN, Changyang DENG, Xueying XU, Linbo SHEN, Shuaiyu YANG, Yuanming JIANG, Guangfei HAO, Shanshan ZHAO. Screening of Tannase-producing LAB from Phyllanthus emblica Surface and Its Application in Fermented Phyllanthus emblica Juice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 196 -204 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050330
单宁(Tannin),又被称为鞣酸,是植物为抵御不良生长环境而产生的一类酚类化合物[1],广泛分布在植物的种子、叶子、树皮、果实和果皮中,在葡萄、山楂、蓝莓和余甘子等天然保健植物中含量尤其丰富[2]。然而,高含量的单宁不仅影响食用品质,还可能对人体健康产生潜在影响[3]。目前,单宁的降解方法主要包括物理法、化学法和微生物法[4]。其中,物理吸附法在蓝靛果等果实脱涩过程中会同时吸附花色苷等功能性成分,影响产品品质[5];化学法则存在食品安全风险和高成本等问题;微生物降解法利用酶催化水解单宁酸,兼具选择性和安全性优势,在食品脱涩、饲料改良及环保处理等领域应用潜力显著。
常见的具有产单宁酶能力的微生物以霉菌居多,如青霉属和曲霉属,是微生物单宁酶的良好来源,也有一些研究表明,部分乳酸菌也具有降解单宁的能力[6]。乳酸菌在单宁环境下产生的单宁酶可水解没食子酯键,释放葡萄糖和具有抗氧化[7]、抗炎[8]等保健功能的没食子酸,从而在改善食品涩味的同时提升其营养价值[9]。然而,现有产单宁酶乳酸菌多分离自传统发酵制品,如发酵豆粉中的发酵乳杆菌[6]、微生态制剂中的戊糖片球菌[10]及发酵茶叶中的戊糖乳杆菌[11]等,菌种来源较为单一,限制了技术创新与产业拓展。
本研究以余甘子(Phyllanthus emblica)表面附生微生物群落为研究对象,采用单宁酸选择培养基定向筛选产单宁酶菌株。通过评估菌株的酶活力、生长特性、胃肠液耐受性及抑菌活性,综合形态学观察及分子生物学鉴定明确其分类地位。本研究旨在筛选高产单宁酶且益生性能优良的菌株,用于余甘子果汁发酵,以降低涩味并提升营养价值。研究成果将为高单宁酸水果深加工提供理论支撑与优质菌种资源,推动功能性发酵食品产业发展。
余甘子 广东省汕尾市;大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌 河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院微生物资源与利用实验室保藏;氢氧化钠、氯化钠、无水乙醇、甲醇、柠檬酸、十二水合磷酸氢二钠 分析纯,天津欧博凯化工有限公司;绕丹宁 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;单宁酸、溴酚蓝指示剂、没食子酸、没食子酸丙酯 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;胃蛋白酶(3000 U/g)、牛胆盐、胰蛋白酶(250 U/g) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;MRS肉汤培养基、MRS琼脂培养基、营养琼脂培养基 北京陆桥技术股份有限公司;LB培养基 北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司。
XFH-50CA立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅 浙江新丰器械有限公司;SW-CJ-2D垂直流超净工作台 苏州净化设备有限公司;ZXGP-B2160隔水恒温培养箱 上海智城分析仪器制造有限公司;UV-2700紫外可见分光光度计 杭州艾普仪器设备有限公司;FE20型pH计 梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司;OPTEC双目生物显微镜 重庆奥特光学仪器有限公司。
按照参考文献[12]的方法并稍作修改,取10 g余甘果进行研磨,用90 mL无菌生理盐水制备样品悬浮液。以10倍稀释法进行梯度稀释菌悬液,各梯度吸取1 mL稀释液于无菌培养皿中。倾注MRS-碳酸钙固体培养基凝固后置于37 ℃厌氧工作站中,倒置培养48 h。挑取带有溶钙圈的单菌落于MRS-碳酸钙固体培养基上,37 ℃倒置培养48 h。重复划线步骤3次。对纯化后的菌株分别进行革兰氏染色与过氧化氢酶实验,初步判定过氧化氢酶阴性、革兰氏阳性菌为乳酸菌。菌株接种于MRS肉汤培养基中,37 ℃培养24 h,取1 mL培养液于4500 r/min离心5 min,弃上清液,菌体加入30%甘油重悬后−80 ℃保藏。
水解类单宁对大多数微生物具有抑制作用[13],即能耐受单宁酸的微生物被初步作为产单宁酶菌株。将保藏在−80 ℃冰箱中的菌株于室温下解冻后接种于MRS肉汤培养基进行活化,活化后将菌株接种于单宁筛选培养基(100 mL MRS培养基中加入溴酚蓝0.04 g、单宁酸1 g、121 ℃灭菌20 min),中,选择耐受菌株进行单宁酶活力测定。
酶活力测定按照参考文献[14−15]的方法并稍作修改,得到没食子酸标准曲线回归方程为:y=1.7023x+0.0295,R2=0.9977。通过520 nm处吸光度值的变化量ΔOD520 nm值以及没食子酸标准曲线回归方程计算没食子酸浓度变化量,按式(1)计算乳酸菌发酵液单宁酶活力,选择酶活力大于30.00 U/mL的菌株进行后续实验。
$ \mathrm{酶活力}(\mathrm{U}/\mathrm{mL})=\frac{\bigtriangleup\text{c×}\mathrm{V}_1}{\text{t×}\mathrm{V}_2\text{×1000}}\mathrm{N} $
式中:△c表示根据吸光度值计算出的没食子酸的浓度变化量,mmol/L;V1表示反应体系的体积,L;V2表示反应的酶液的体积,L;t表示反应时间,min;N表示原酶液稀释倍数。
将目标菌株按照2%的接种量接种于MRS肉汤培养基中,37 ℃培养,每2 h取样一次,于OD600 nm处测量吸光度,绘制菌株生长曲线[16],将生长能力强的菌株确定为目标菌株,进行后续实验。
耐酸能力的测定按照参考文献[17]的方法并稍作修改。用1 mol/L的盐酸分别调整MRS培养基pH为2.0和3.0,将待测菌液按2%接种量(菌体浓度为108 CFU/mL)接种至液体培养基,37 ℃培养24 h,以未接菌液的培养基为空白对照,测定OD600 nm吸光值,3次平行。按式(2)计算存活率。
$ 存活率({\text{%}})=\frac{\text{经酸处理的OD值}}{\text{未经酸处理的OD值}}\times 100$
耐胆盐能力的测定按照参考文献[18]的方法并稍作修改。用牛胆盐分别调整胆盐浓度为0.2%、0.3%和0.4% w/v,灭菌冷却后待测菌液按2%的接种量(菌体浓度为108 CFU/mL)接种至液体培养基,37 ℃培养24 h,以未接菌液的培养基为空白对照,测定OD600 nm吸光值,3次平行。按式(3)计算存活率。
$ \mathrm{存活率}({\text{%}})=\frac{\text{经胆盐处理的OD值}}{\text{未经胆盐处理的OD值}}\times \mathrm{100} $
模拟人工胃肠液按照参考文献[19−20]的方法配制,乳酸菌活化后,调整菌体浓度为108 CFU/mL。取1.0 mL菌悬液与9.0 mL的模拟胃液混匀,置于37 ℃培养,在0 h和3 h取样计算活菌数,随后取1.0 mL经过模拟胃液处理3 h的菌悬液与9.0 mL模拟肠液混匀,37 ℃培养4 h后取样计算活菌数,按式(4)、式(5)计算模拟胃液、肠液存活率。
$ \mathrm{胃液中存活率}({\text{%}})=\frac{\text{人工胃液培养3\;h的活菌数}}{\text{人工胃液培养0\;h的活菌数}}\times \mathrm{100}$
$ \mathrm{肠液中存活率}({\text{%}})=\frac{\text{人工肠液培养4\;h的活菌数}}{\text{人工肠液培养0\;h的活菌数}}\times \mathrm{100}$
抑菌能力的测定按照参考文献[21]的方法并稍作修改。采用牛津杯法测定4株菌对大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌能力,采用十字交叉法测量抑菌圈直径。
将筛选出的单宁酶活性高和益生性能好的优良菌株进行革兰氏染色观察细胞形态,并按参考文献[22]的方法进行明胶液化、产硫化氢、吲哚、硝酸盐还原和糖醇发酵实验。
菌株接种于MRS肉汤培养基中,37 ℃培养24 h,菌液于4500 r/min离心5 min,弃上清液,菌体交由上海赛恒生物科技有限公司测序。测序所得16S rRNA基因序列提交至美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center of Biotechnology Information,NCBI)中进行基本局部比对搜索工具(Basic Local AlignmentSearch Tool,BLAST)比对,得到与待测物种序列相似性最高的物种信息,即为鉴定结果[23],选取同源性较高的模式菌株的16S rRNA序列,通过MEGA 11软件构建系统发育树。
本研究基于乳酸菌生长特性及余甘子果汁理化性质,结合文献[24]报道的发酵工艺参数,通过预实验优化关键步骤,形成最终工艺:挑选成熟完好的余甘子果实,经清洗、去皮去核后调整料水比(1:2)榨汁,过滤得到原果汁,将果汁巴氏杀菌(75 ℃,15 s)后冷却至37 ℃,测定其单宁酸含量作为处理前数据。优良乳酸菌YG-10接种于MRS液体培养基,37 ℃培养24 h后,4500 r/min离心5 min,弃上清液,生理盐水清洗菌体,调整菌体浓度约为1×109 CFU/mL,接种量为1.3%,37 ℃发酵22 h,发酵后的果汁为实验组,经相同处理但未接种乳酸菌的果汁为对照组。
按照参考文献[15]的方法绘制单宁酸标准曲线,得到标准方程为:y=1.671x+0.017,R2=0.997。测定不同处理组余甘子果汁中的单宁酸含量,并按式(6)计算单宁酸降解率。
$ \mathrm{单宁酸降解率}({\text{%}})=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{0}-{\mathrm{C}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{C}}_{0}}\times \mathrm{100} $
式中:C0表示处理前单宁酸浓度,mg/100 mL;C1表示处理后单宁酸浓度,mg/100 mL。
选择10名经过培训的人员按照既定感官评分标准从色泽、香味、组织形态、滋味和整体接受度5个方面对余甘子果汁进行综合性评分,总分100分,评分标准见表1。
实验重复三次以上取平均值,实验结果以“平均数±标准差”表示。采用Excel对数据进行整理;采用SPSS 25.0分析软件进行数据处理分析;组间差异采用Duncan多重比较检验,以P<0.05作为统计学显著性判定阈值;采用Origin2022软件绘图。
从余甘子样品中分离纯化,经革兰氏染色阳性、过氧化氢接触酶阴性的菌株初步鉴定为乳酸菌,共64株,用于后续筛选试验。
结果显示,大部分乳酸菌在单宁筛选培养基中无法生长,能够在单宁筛选培养基生长的菌株有8株,分别命名为YG-1、YG-2、YG-3、YG-6、YG-8、YG-9、YG-10和YG-16。
根据单宁耐受性初步筛选出8株产单宁酶候选菌株。8株菌的发酵液单宁酶活力测定结果见图1。
7株菌均表现出良好的产酶能力。其中,酶活力最高为YG-10,达到68.84 U/mL,显著高于其他菌株(P<0.05),YG-2的酶活力为21.11 U/mL,显著低于其他菌株(P<0.05)。与文献报道相比,微生态制剂来源的戊糖片球菌STS-6单宁酶活力仅为1.60 U/mL[10];自然发酵豆粉筛选的发酵乳杆菌单宁酶活力为8.77 U/mL[6],均显著低于YG-10。虽然植物乳杆菌GD03和GD05在红枣汁发酵体系中的酶活力分别达到222.59 U/mL和187.87 U/mL[25],高于YG-10,但该结果是在特定底物条件下获得,且菌株筛选来源为发酵食品。而本研究中YG-10直接从余甘子果实表面分离得到,在初始筛选阶段即表现出高酶活力,表明其具有天然的产酶优势,且无需依赖特定发酵底物诱导,更利于工业化应用与拓展。此外,本研究中酶活力最低的YG-2仍显著高于文献报道的STS-6和发酵乳杆菌,说明长期适应高单宁环境的菌株具有更匹配的酶系结构,整体产酶水平较高,为高活性单宁酶菌株的开发利用提供了优质资源。
生长能力强的菌株能缩短发酵时间,提高产物积累量。对单宁酶活力高于30.00 U/mL的菌株进行生长特性的评估,7株菌株的生长曲线见图2。
7株乳酸菌在培养2 h后进入对数期,表现出良好的环境适应能力。其中,菌株YG-1、YG-16、YG-3和YG-9在10 h后进入稳定期,而菌株YG-8、YG-6和YG-10则在12 h后达到稳定期,在30 h发酵过程中,菌株YG-10表现出最优的生长性能,其最大OD600 nm值达到2.021±0.055;菌株YG-8和YG-6次之,分别为1.973±0.027和1.860±0.006;而菌株YG-1的生长量最低,为1.560±0.009。与文献报道相比,青海西宁腌菜来源的短促生乳杆菌(Levilactobacillus brevis)XNRS13在20 h内的最大OD600 nm值为1.79[26],泡洋姜中分离的植物乳杆菌M20在最适条件下的最大OD600 nm值为1.75[27],均低于本研究中的优势菌株。菌株YG-10、YG-8、YG-6、YG-16、YG-9和YG-3生长优势显著,能够在更短时间内积累更高生物量,为发酵过程奠定坚实的代谢基础。在发酵末期仍维持较高活菌数,有利于持续产生更多的代谢产物(如酶类、有机酸、风味物质等),不仅有助于提高发酵效率,还能增强单宁降解与风味改良效果,具有作为优良发酵菌种的潜力。
余甘子果汁的酸性环境(pH2.5~3.5)要求乳酸菌具备较强的耐酸性能,以维持其代谢活性和生长稳定性。不同菌株的酸耐受能力结果见图3。
在pH为3.0时,6株菌株均保持80%以上的存活率;当pH降为2.0时,菌株YG-10、YG-8、YG-6及YG-16仍能维持80%以上的存活率,其中菌株YG-10最高,存活率达到了89.79%,显著优于其他菌株(P<0.05)。结果表明,6株菌株均具备良好的耐酸特性,能够较好地适应余甘子果汁的酸性环境。
对比分析显示,传统发酵酸凝硬质奶酪来源的植物乳杆菌E11在pH为2.0条件下存活率仅为27.79%[28],苗族白酸汤分离的副干酪乳杆菌G1-3在pH为3.0时存活率为71.14%[29],均显著低于本研究中余甘子源菌株。值得注意的是,贵州泡菜中筛选的11株高产酸乳酸菌在pH2.0条件下处理2 h后存活率均达到87%以上[21],与本研究结果共同表明,源自酸性环境的乳酸菌普遍具有较强的耐酸性能。从余甘子果实表面筛选的乳酸菌展现出优异的耐酸能力,这种特性可能源于其对宿主酸性环境的长期适应性进化,该发现不仅为余甘子果汁发酵提供了优良菌种资源,也为研究乳酸菌耐酸机制提供了重要参考。
人体小肠胆盐浓度通常为0.03%~0.30%,乳酸菌进入肠道,会受到小肠胆盐的抑制,因此乳酸菌进入并且定殖肠道,发挥益生作用,就必须能够耐受0.30%胆盐浓度[30]。不同菌株的胆盐耐受能力结果见图4。
不同乳酸菌对胆盐的耐受性存在显著差异(P<0.05)。本研究结果显示,在0.4%胆盐浓度条件下,6株供试菌株的存活率均超过50%,表明其具有稳定的胆盐耐受性,其中YG-10和YG-8表现出最强的耐受能力,存活率分别为60.72%、60.63%。与文献报道相比,自然发酵黏豆包谷物发酵液分离的棒状乳杆菌HSDF12在0.3%胆盐浓度处理3 h后的存活率仅为7.171%[31];北疆传统发酵生奶酪来源的41株乳酸菌在0.3%胆盐浓度处理8 h的平均存活率为47.37%[32],均显著低于YG-10、YG-8在更高浓度(0.4%)下的耐受表现。
结果表明,余甘子源乳酸菌,特别是YG-10和YG-8具有更优越的胆盐耐受机制,这种特性使其能够保留更多活菌抵达肠道发挥益生功能,包括调节肠道菌群平衡、促进营养物质吸收等,在功能性发酵产品开发中具有重要的应用价值。
评价益生菌的重要前提是其能否在肠道中定植生长并发挥益生功能[33]。乳酸菌对人工胃肠液的耐受性结果如表2所示。
胃肠道耐受性测试结果表明,5株供试菌在模拟胃液处理3 h后存活率均超过70%,其中YG-10存活率最高,达到89.13%,其次为菌株YG-8,达到87.10%。菌株YG-3存活率低于50%,显示较差的胃液耐受性。在模拟肠液处理4 h后,各菌株存活率普遍下降,可能与胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶对细胞结构的破坏有关。此时,菌株YG-16存活率最高,为57.02%,其次为YG-10和YG-8,分别为50.58%和36.22%,而菌株YG-9和YG-3存活率均低于30%。
研究发现,菌株YG-9在模拟胃液中存活率较高,但在肠液中显著下降,推测其耐酸机制虽能应对胃部环境,却无法抵抗肠液中胰蛋白酶等物质的抑制作用。与文献对比发现,内蒙古发酵乳来源的马乳酒样乳杆菌IMAU12330和IMAU12335在人工肠液中耐受性较好,但胃液中存活率不足50%[34],这可能是胃酸和胃蛋白酶对细胞膜和蛋白质的破坏作用,这与本研究中菌株的表现模式相反。
上述差异表明不同来源的乳酸菌由于原始生存环境的不同,进化出特异性的抗逆机制。以耐盐乳酸菌为例,嗜酸乳酸足球菌、戊糖足球菌和魏斯氏菌等凭借独特的高盐环境适应机制,广泛定殖于腊肠、泡菜、酱油、豆豉等高盐发酵食品中[35]。本研究中,菌株YG-16、YG-10、YG-8和YG-6在整个消化过程中维持较高存活率,表现出作为功能性发酵菌种的开发价值。
余甘子表面附着的大量微生物中含有大量的腐败菌和致病菌,使食品的安全性受到影响。乳酸菌在代谢过程中可以产生具有高效、无毒、耐高温、无残留、无抗药性等特点的乳酸菌细菌素,对细菌、真菌,甚至病毒均有抑制作用[36],本研究利用大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌为指示菌,研究4株乳酸菌的抑菌能力,结果如表3所示。
抑菌活性测定结果显示,供试的4株菌株对大肠杆菌均展现出抑菌活性,其中YG-10和YG-6最强,抑菌圈直径分别达17.17±0.66 mm和16.33±0.17 mm,显著优于YG-16(P<0.05);针对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制实验中,YG-16表现出最强的抑菌活性,抑菌圈直径为19.17±0.31 mm,显著优于其他菌株(P<0.05);在沙门氏菌抑制实验中,YG-8的抑菌效果最为突出,抑菌圈直径为22.67±0.14 mm,显著优于其他菌株(P<0.05),结果表明不同菌株的抑菌谱和抑菌能力存在显著特异性。
与文献报道相比,伊犁地区传统自然发酵谷物饮料中分离的菌株B7对沙门氏菌抑制能力最强,抑菌圈直径为17.9±0.21 mm[37],陕西及喀什地区发酵食品中分离的菌株Y1对大肠杆菌的抑制能力最强,抑菌圈直径为15.34±0.02 mm[38],本研究中的YG-10、YG-6、YG-8和YG-16表现出更优异的抑菌性能。这些菌株不仅能够在食品加工过程中有效抑制食源性致病菌生长,延长产品货架期,还可能通过调节肠道菌群平衡发挥益生作用,为功能性食品开发提供了优质的菌种资源。
4株菌株(YG-10、YG-8、YG-6和YG-16)革兰氏染色后的细胞形态见图5,其中,YG-6、YG-8和YG-10为球状,YG-16呈短杆状并多结合成链,均无荚芽孢、无荚膜。结合《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》(第八版)[39]与《乳酸菌细菌的分类鉴定与实验方法》[23],对4株菌株进行生理生化实验,各菌株的生理生化特征见表4。4株菌均无运动性、不明胶液化、不产吲哚和硫化氢,YG-16为硝酸盐还原阴性,发酵糖醇实验中,4株菌株均能发酵麦芽糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖,均不能发酵鼠李糖、甘露醇;YG-16不能发酵甘露糖和纤维二糖,能发酵棉子糖;YG-8能发酵棉子糖;YG-10能发酵山梨醇,不能发酵半乳糖。
16S rDNA序列同源性分析结果显示,菌株YG-10、YG-8、YG-6与Pediococcus pentosaceus DSM 20336聚于同一个分支,同源性达100%,结合生理生化特征,鉴定为戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus);YG-16与Levilactobacillus brevis ATCC 14869聚于同一个分支,同源性达100%,鉴定为短促生乳杆菌(Levilactobacillus brevis),4株菌株的系统发育树详见图6。
综合菌株单宁酶活力、益生性能及抑菌能力的测定结果,戊糖片球菌YG-10单宁酶活力达68.84 U/mL;在pH2.0和胆盐浓度0.4%时存活率为89.79%和60.72%;人工胃肠液存活率分别为89.13%和50.58%;且对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较高的抑菌活性,因此被确定为发酵余甘子果汁的优良菌株。
在单宁酸环境的诱导下,YG-10产生的单宁酶将单宁酸水解,根据单宁酸标准曲线计算发酵前后单宁酸含量见图7。
实验数据表明,经处理后余甘子果汁中的单宁酸含量均有所下降,其中,实验组降解率达75.14%,对照组降解率为39.15%,乳酸菌发酵组降解效果显著优于未发酵组(P<0.05)。该结果证实了YG-10在余甘子果汁体系中的快速定殖能力和高效代谢特性,其通过分泌单宁酶实现单宁降解,有效改善果汁涩味,为余甘子果汁品质改良提供了理论依据和技术支持。与文献报道相比,保加利亚乳杆菌在宣木瓜发酵中虽能实现78%的单宁降解率,但其研究仅限于单一底物体系[40],而本研究筛选的余甘子源乳酸菌因其特殊的生境适应性,不仅表现出与传统菌种相当的脱涩效率,更在底物适应性和风味调控方面具有潜在优势,为余甘子果汁开发提供了新的技术路径。
试验以接种乳酸菌的余甘子果汁为试验组,未接种乳酸菌的原果汁为对照组。通过感官评定获得的两组果汁感官评分结果见图8。
结果表明,乳酸菌发酵显著提升了余甘子果汁的感官品质。与未发酵果汁相比,乳酸菌发酵果汁在香味、组织形态、滋味及整体接受度方面均表现出明显优势。其中,发酵后果汁滋味评分较未发酵组提升了39.23%,在各评价维度中贡献度最高,发酵果汁果味浓郁,在保持特征性回甘的同时,单宁降解显著降低了涩味强度,形成协调的酸甜平衡体系;风味方面,发酵过程赋予余甘子乳香、果香或醇香等新风味;组织形态上,单宁酶对单宁-蛋白质复合物的水解作用[41]使果汁呈现良好澄清度,无悬浮物及沉淀,果汁整体感官评分较未发酵组提高了33.69%,整体接受度明显提高。此外,发酵导致果汁色泽由初始淡黄色转变为黄色,而这种与美拉德反应相关的色泽变化在余甘子褐色乳酸菌饮料开发中具有重要应用价值[42]。
本研究从余甘子果实表面成功分离64株乳酸菌,通过系统评价单宁酶活性及益生特性,确定戊糖片球菌YG-10、YG-8、YG-6及短促生乳杆菌YG-16为目标菌株。其中,菌株YG-10表现尤为突出,其发酵液单宁酶活力达68.84 U/mL;在pH2.0和胆盐浓度0.4%时存活率为89.79%和60.72%;人工胃肠液存活率分别为89.13%和50.58%;且对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显抑菌活性。应用研究表明,YG-10发酵可使余甘子果汁单宁酸降解率达75.14%,在有效改善涩味的同时,完整保留了果实的特征性清香和回甘滋味,并通过发酵代谢赋予产品独特的风味特征,感官评分提高了33.69%,消费者接受度显著提高。该研究成果为高单宁含量水果的风味改良及功能性开发提供了优质菌种资源。后续可借助GC-MS、电子舌和电子鼻等技术系统解析挥发性风味物质组成,明确关键香气成分及其与感官品质的内在关联,为产品品质调控提供理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050330
  • 接收时间:2025-06-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-01
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    河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038

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赵山山(1982−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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