Article(id=1320166285422473492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060237, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750348800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681769948, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681769948, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681769948, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681769948, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=522, endPage=532, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166285829320981, articleId=1320166285422473492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Research Progress on the Application of Paper-based Sensing Technology in Food Safety Analysis, columnId=1261343851327906245, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Food safety is critical to public health and social stability. Point-of-care testing technologies enable real-time monitoring and swift responses to potential risks. Among these, paper-based sensing technology stands out as a key tool, driving continuous innovation in food safety analysis. This review first outlines the working principles of paper-based sensing technology, then provides a detailed classification of paper-based sensing technology types, with a focus on common signal reading modes in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Subsequently, by sorting out the research progress of this technology in the field of food safety, it is shown that the use of paper-based sensing technology products can achieve point of care testing trace contaminants in food. Finally, challenges encountered in applying paper-based sensing technology for food safety analysis are discussed, and the prospects for building a precise and efficient intelligent food safety supervision system based on paper-based sensing technology are presented. In conclusion, paper-based sensing technology, with its advantages of convenience and rapid response, provides an effective pathway for point-of-care testing in food safety.

, authors=Jing WANG1, Shaowei WANG2, Xuan ZHAO1, Shuang ZHOU1, *, Yan ZHANG1, *, authorsList=Jing WANG, Shaowei WANG, Xuan ZHAO, Shuang ZHOU, Yan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuang ZHOU, Yan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166287523819806, articleId=1320166285422473492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中的应用研究进展, columnId=1261343852603031688, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=专题综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

食品安全问题直接影响公共卫生安全,与社会安稳密切相关。即时检测作为食品安全分析的重要手段,能够实现实时监测与快速响应。纸基传感技术产品作为即时检测的重要工具之一,在食品安全分析领域持续推动快检技术革新。本综述首先介绍了纸基传感技术的工作原理;其次,阐述了纸基传感技术产品的分类,并重点介绍了微流控纸芯片常见信号读出模式;然后,通过对该技术在食品安全领域研究进展的梳理,表明利用纸基传感技术产品可实现对食品中的微量污染物的即时检测;最后,探讨了纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中面临的挑战,并对基于纸基传感技术构建精准高效的食品安全智慧监管体系进行了展望。综上,纸基传感技术以其便捷性与快速响应特点,为食品安全即时检测提供了有效路径。

, authors=王敬1, 王少伟2, 赵轩1, 周双1, *, 张彦1, *, authorsList=王敬, 王少伟, 赵轩, 周双, 张彦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周双, 张彦, authorNote=

王敬(2003−),女,本科,研究方向:电化学食品安全分析,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
周双(1989−),女,博士,研究方向:光电化学食品安全分析,E-mail:。
张彦(1989−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:电化学传感与食品安全分析,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=tw83dvoY8i3Zzv1MwjQlBA==, magXml=Y2ewq6W7ki5SfshcUwPpaQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=lQ6kTEH0lZW5+1xsc0EjYg==, pdfFileSize=7957977, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YZ2zodqwITIoFiPwgOLgPQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+Q2YfQS7G9sZutFKbcBSVw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320166289428033832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wj3460804334@outlook.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320166289507725610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, authorId=1320166289428033832, language=EN, stringName=Jing WANG, firstName=Jing, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320166289579028779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, authorId=1320166289428033832, language=CN, stringName=王敬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1济南大学化学化工学院,山东济南 250022, bio={"content":"

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2024, 246: 115846., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166289235095841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166289243484450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, companyId=1320166289235095841, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166289251873059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, companyId=1320166289235095841, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1济南大学化学化工学院,山东济南 250022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166289318981924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166289327370533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, companyId=1320166289318981924, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shandong Provincial Yantai Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Yantai 264000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166289335759142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, companyId=1320166289318981924, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山东省烟台生态环境监测中心,山东烟台 264000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166291579711820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Application of paper-based sensing technology in food safety, figureFileSmall=W6yLqBTITqn71UmW4c9kgw==, figureFileBig=YZ2zodqwITIoFiPwgOLgPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166291651014989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=CN, label=图1, caption=纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中的应用, figureFileSmall=W6yLqBTITqn71UmW4c9kgw==, figureFileBig=YZ2zodqwITIoFiPwgOLgPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166291873313102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=LFS working principle of sandwich (a), competitive type Ⅰ (b), and competitive type II (c)[20], figureFileSmall=XSFHusbeCzDExeQ4XXWTCQ==, figureFileBig=rswT5LA6GJhdcdbYJq62Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166293534257487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=CN, label=图2, caption=夹心型(a)、竞争Ⅰ型(b)以及竞争Ⅱ型(c)的LFS工作原理示意图[20], figureFileSmall=XSFHusbeCzDExeQ4XXWTCQ==, figureFileBig=rswT5LA6GJhdcdbYJq62Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166293651698000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagrams of various signal output mechanisms based on paper-based sensing technology, figureFileSmall=p0zoBfjoM7F7Yq/SXjb/qw==, figureFileBig=b2JuQfhPfityCIlG6WOuDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166293748166993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于纸基传感技术的信号输出机制示意图

注:a.用于铁(II)检测的比色型μPAD[51];b.用于亚硝酸盐检测的荧光型μPAD[39];c.用于茶叶中咖啡酸检测的化学发光分析的μPAD[52];d.用于同时测定Pb(II)和Cd(II)的电化学μPAD[53];e.用于Pb(II)检测的电化学发光μPAD[44];f.用于食品中病原菌核酸检测的SERS μPAD[54]。

, figureFileSmall=p0zoBfjoM7F7Yq/SXjb/qw==, figureFileBig=b2JuQfhPfityCIlG6WOuDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166293819470162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Application of paper-based sensing technology products in food safety analysis, figureFileSmall=pVGRWIVh/Bd+yPeW5/7Ozw==, figureFileBig=agtqUkt9sZ4iOInpGdZ0yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166293890773331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=CN, label=图4, caption=纸基传感技术产品在食品安全分析中的应用

注:a.基于Mn-ZnS QD对ABTS与H2O2反应的竞争性抑制剂的作用机制的比色法检测草甘膦[50];b.用于水果中CBR检测的比色-电化学型双模式μPAD制备过程[35];c.设计沉积物UiO-66+(Tm@Er)@DMIPs和检测苏丹I-IV的示意图[8];d.基于AIEgens的荧光增强型LFS用于AFB1和CPA检测[65]。

, figureFileSmall=pVGRWIVh/Bd+yPeW5/7Ozw==, figureFileBig=agtqUkt9sZ4iOInpGdZ0yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166293962076500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Performance comparison of different types of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPAD)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
信号输出模式工作原理优点缺点参考文献
比色分析物与显色试剂发生显色反应成本低、无需复杂仪器、结果可视准确性和可靠性不足[34−36]
荧光分析物与荧光探针的特异性结合灵敏度高、结果可视、支持高通量
分析
易受背景光、温度、湿度及样品基质等
环境因素的干扰
[37−39]
化学发光分子跃迁至激发态,返回基态时释放特征光子消除外部光源干扰、低背景噪声依赖专业分析设备、便携性较差[12,40−41]
电化学电极表面的氧化还原反应低功耗、高稳定性及对复杂环境较强的适应性依赖专业设备、电极易污染[34−35,42]
电化学发光电化学反应与化学发光技术相结合无需外部光源、信噪比高、灵敏度高依赖专业分析设备、易受发光试剂的稳定性及发光效率影响[37,43−44]
表面增强拉曼贵金属纳米结构与功能性纸基材料结合增强拉曼信号抗基质干扰、灵敏度高基底制备复杂、依赖专业设备[45−47]
), ArticleFig(id=1320166294041768277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同类型微流控纸芯片性能比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
信号输出模式工作原理优点缺点参考文献
比色分析物与显色试剂发生显色反应成本低、无需复杂仪器、结果可视准确性和可靠性不足[34−36]
荧光分析物与荧光探针的特异性结合灵敏度高、结果可视、支持高通量
分析
易受背景光、温度、湿度及样品基质等
环境因素的干扰
[37−39]
化学发光分子跃迁至激发态,返回基态时释放特征光子消除外部光源干扰、低背景噪声依赖专业分析设备、便携性较差[12,40−41]
电化学电极表面的氧化还原反应低功耗、高稳定性及对复杂环境较强的适应性依赖专业设备、电极易污染[34−35,42]
电化学发光电化学反应与化学发光技术相结合无需外部光源、信噪比高、灵敏度高依赖专业分析设备、易受发光试剂的稳定性及发光效率影响[37,43−44]
表面增强拉曼贵金属纳米结构与功能性纸基材料结合增强拉曼信号抗基质干扰、灵敏度高基底制备复杂、依赖专业设备[45−47]
), ArticleFig(id=1320166294129848662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Application of paper-based sensing technology in food safety analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
被测物纸基传感技术产品类型检测技术功能纳米材料LOD参考文献
多菌灵dipstick比色NiCu-MOF纳米酶7 nmol/L、11.8 nmol/L[7]
三聚氰胺dipstickSERSAuNPs1.2 nmol/L、23 nmol/L[61]
Hg2+和Cu2+dipstick荧光MOF/CdTe QD0.22 ng/mL、0.26 ng/mL[62]
吡虫啉、多菌灵LFS荧光SiO2-MQB1.94 pg/mL、14.79 pg/mL[63]
Cd2+LFS比色AuNPs0.02 ppb[64]
AFB1、CPALFS荧光TPE-Br纳米球0.003 ng/mL、0.01 ng/mL[65]
草甘膦μPAD比色-荧光MIP-Mn-ZnS QD0.002 μg/mL[50]
Hg2+μPAD荧光碳纳米颗粒1.54 ppb[38]
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌μPADSERSAuNS@4-MBA@Au@DNA3.72 CFU/mL、4.04 CFU/mL[54]
AFB1μPAD比色-电化学Au/Ni-Co LDH NCs0.071 pg/mL、18.6 pg/mL[49]
), ArticleFig(id=1320166294217929047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166285422473492, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中的应用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
被测物纸基传感技术产品类型检测技术功能纳米材料LOD参考文献
多菌灵dipstick比色NiCu-MOF纳米酶7 nmol/L、11.8 nmol/L[7]
三聚氰胺dipstickSERSAuNPs1.2 nmol/L、23 nmol/L[61]
Hg2+和Cu2+dipstick荧光MOF/CdTe QD0.22 ng/mL、0.26 ng/mL[62]
吡虫啉、多菌灵LFS荧光SiO2-MQB1.94 pg/mL、14.79 pg/mL[63]
Cd2+LFS比色AuNPs0.02 ppb[64]
AFB1、CPALFS荧光TPE-Br纳米球0.003 ng/mL、0.01 ng/mL[65]
草甘膦μPAD比色-荧光MIP-Mn-ZnS QD0.002 μg/mL[50]
Hg2+μPAD荧光碳纳米颗粒1.54 ppb[38]
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌μPADSERSAuNS@4-MBA@Au@DNA3.72 CFU/mL、4.04 CFU/mL[54]
AFB1μPAD比色-电化学Au/Ni-Co LDH NCs0.071 pg/mL、18.6 pg/mL[49]
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纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中的应用研究进展
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王敬 1 , 王少伟 2 , 赵轩 1 , 周双 1, * , 张彦 1, *
食品工业科技 | 专题综述 2026,47(14): 522-532
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食品工业科技 |专题综述 2026 , 47 (14) : 522 -532
纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中的应用研究进展
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王敬1 , 王少伟2, 赵轩1, 周双1, * , 张彦1, *
作者信息
  • 1济南大学化学化工学院,山东济南 250022
  • 2山东省烟台生态环境监测中心,山东烟台 264000
通讯作者:
周双(1989−),女,博士,研究方向:光电化学食品安全分析,E-mail:。
张彦(1989−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:电化学传感与食品安全分析,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王敬(2003−),女,本科,研究方向:电化学食品安全分析,E-mail:

Research Progress on the Application of Paper-based Sensing Technology in Food Safety Analysis
Jing WANG1 , Shaowei WANG2, Xuan ZHAO1, Shuang ZHOU1, * , Yan ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
  • 2Shandong Provincial Yantai Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Yantai 264000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060237
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食品安全问题直接影响公共卫生安全,与社会安稳密切相关。即时检测作为食品安全分析的重要手段,能够实现实时监测与快速响应。纸基传感技术产品作为即时检测的重要工具之一,在食品安全分析领域持续推动快检技术革新。本综述首先介绍了纸基传感技术的工作原理;其次,阐述了纸基传感技术产品的分类,并重点介绍了微流控纸芯片常见信号读出模式;然后,通过对该技术在食品安全领域研究进展的梳理,表明利用纸基传感技术产品可实现对食品中的微量污染物的即时检测;最后,探讨了纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中面临的挑战,并对基于纸基传感技术构建精准高效的食品安全智慧监管体系进行了展望。综上,纸基传感技术以其便捷性与快速响应特点,为食品安全即时检测提供了有效路径。

纸基传感技术  /  食品安全  /  即时检测  /  纳米材料  /  重金属检测  /  农药残留检测

Food safety is critical to public health and social stability. Point-of-care testing technologies enable real-time monitoring and swift responses to potential risks. Among these, paper-based sensing technology stands out as a key tool, driving continuous innovation in food safety analysis. This review first outlines the working principles of paper-based sensing technology, then provides a detailed classification of paper-based sensing technology types, with a focus on common signal reading modes in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Subsequently, by sorting out the research progress of this technology in the field of food safety, it is shown that the use of paper-based sensing technology products can achieve point of care testing trace contaminants in food. Finally, challenges encountered in applying paper-based sensing technology for food safety analysis are discussed, and the prospects for building a precise and efficient intelligent food safety supervision system based on paper-based sensing technology are presented. In conclusion, paper-based sensing technology, with its advantages of convenience and rapid response, provides an effective pathway for point-of-care testing in food safety.

paper-based sensing technology  /  food safety  /  point-of-care testing  /  nanomaterials  /  heavy metal detection  /  pesticide residue testing
王敬, 王少伟, 赵轩, 周双, 张彦. 纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中的应用研究进展. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 522 -532 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060237
Jing WANG, Shaowei WANG, Xuan ZHAO, Shuang ZHOU, Yan ZHANG. Research Progress on the Application of Paper-based Sensing Technology in Food Safety Analysis[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 522 -532 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060237
食品安全不仅是筑牢食品系统信任、保障民众饮食安全与健康的重要前提,还会对社会、经济、政治领域产生重要影响[1]。“民以食为天,食以安为先”,要让消费者真正“吃得放心”,快速、精准的食品安全检测技术成为构筑食品质量安全防线的核心。纸基传感技术凭借其便携性、低成本及高效检测性能,成为食品安全监测中兼具现场适用性、用户友好性和商业化潜力的创新分析工具[2−3]。
纸基传感技术以纸基材料为载体,目标分析物与固定于其上的受体作用产生可检测信号。其检测过程无需复杂仪器设备,适合现场快速筛查,尤其在资源有限的场景中具有显著优势[3]。近年来,纳米技术、生物技术及材料科学的不断进步推动了纸基传感技术产品性能的持续提升,使其在食源性致病菌、农药残留、重金属及非法添加剂等检测方面表现优异[4]。
尽管近年来已经有一些关于纸基传感技术的综述论文发表,然而这些论文主要聚焦于疾病快速诊断[5]、环境中重金属离子检测[6]等领域,鲜少有对应用于食品安全领域的纸基传感技术进行综述的论文。本文旨在梳理近年来纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中的应用研究进展,如图1所示。本文首先系统阐述了纸基传感技术的检测工作原理;其次,深入探讨了微流控纸芯片常见的信号读出模式;然后,总结了近年来纸基传感技术在食品安全分析中的具体应用情况;最后剖析了纸基传感技术当前面临的瓶颈与挑战,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望,以期为食品安全快速检测技术的发展提供参考。
纸基传感技术充分结合了纸张和生物传感器两者的优点,基于生物传感技术原理,通过固定化生物受体(如抗体、核酸适配体)与靶标分子的特异性识别实现检测。其核心机制为生物受体与目标物结合后引发分子构象变化,触发信号转换模块(如酶催化显色、纳米粒子聚集)产生比色[7]、荧光[8]等可读信号,利用纸基材的毛细作用自主驱动流体完成反应过程,无需依赖复杂仪器设备[9]。
当前主流纸基传感技术体系仍以显色反应为核心构建检测模块,其原理是通过将显色试剂(如胶体金标记抗体[10])固相化于载体表面,当待测物与功能化探针发生特异性结合后触发显色信号,操作者通过目视比色法结合标准色阶卡即可实现定性或半定量判读。随着传感分析技术的革新,基于荧光[11]、化学发光[12]、电化学发光[13]、电化学[14]等先进检测原理的新型试纸已实现突破性进展。相较于传统显色体系,此类技术通过光电信号转换,显著提升了检测灵敏度与线性范围,为痕量生物标志物的精准定量分析提供了技术支撑。
根据结构组成、检测目标、功能设计等特征,纸基传感技术产品通常分为三大类:浸渍试纸条(dipstick)、侧流试纸(lateral flow strip,LFS)以及微流控纸芯片(microfluidic paper-based device,μPAD)[15]。
浸渍试纸条是试纸检测技术的一种具体形式,由预埋化学试剂或识别元件的吸液性纸基构成,通过溶液浸润触发目标分析物与试剂的显色反应,将显色结果与标准比色卡进行颜色比对实现目标分析物的快速定性或定量检测,其融合了纸基分析的操作便捷性与化学比色的直观性[16],具有方便快捷、成本低廉等特点,适用于大批量样品同时检测,且易于大面积推广使用[17]。但因其结构设计简单导致灵敏度和特异性受限,常规设计通常灵敏度差,仅能用于定性或半定量分析[9]。通过对浸渍试纸条的创新性设计可提高其灵敏度。如,王海丽等[18]通过硅烷偶联剂修饰的浸渍试纸条,在30 s内实现了对人工食品色素的快速检测,其分析结果与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)所得结果高度吻合,为饮料等食品中色素滥用的现场快速筛查提供了可靠工具。此外,Cautam等[3]研究开发的浸渍试纸条通过芬顿反应与细菌过氧化氢酶的竞争机制可实现对大肠杆菌的快速检测,具有灵敏度高、成本低等优点,而且用户通过手机app即可实现定量分析,有效提升了检测结果准确性。该方法为食品安全监测提供了经济高效的现场检测方案,其即时检测能力可有效预警食品加工链中的微生物污染风险,尤其适用于资源匮乏地区的饮用水安全监控。
基于侧流试纸的检测技术充分结合了色谱分离和生物化学反应的特点,其核心原理是通过毛细作用力驱动样品在膜上流动,识别元件与目标分析物特异性结合产生信号,实现目标分析物的检测[19]。如图2a所示,其系统结构包含四个关键部分:样品垫、结合垫、层析膜和吸收垫。样品垫是样品滴加区域,负责接收待测液体;结合垫用于固定标记的生物识别元件并特异性结合目标物;层析膜预设有检测线(T线)和质控线(C线),T线用于捕获靶标复合物,C线则用于验证检测有效性;吸收垫负责吸收并储存废液[15]。
夹心型和竞争型是两种常见的免疫层析检测方法,其工作原理均是基于抗原-抗体反应,但适用的目标分子和信号生成机制不同[9]。如图2a所示,夹心型侧流试纸通常用于检测大分子量抗原(如蛋白质、病毒颗粒等),这些抗原具有多个抗原表位,能够同时与两个抗体结合[21]。工作原理为:样品加载后,目标抗原随液体流动,与标记抗体(通常为胶体金或荧光标记的抗体)结合,形成抗原-标记抗体复合物;该复合物继续沿纸基流动,到达T线,此处固定有另一种针对目标抗原不同表位的捕获抗体,形成“夹心”结构,由于夹心复合物在T线聚集,产生可见信号;多余的标记抗体继续流动至C线,与固定在该处的抗体(如抗标记抗体的抗体)结合,生成对照信号,证明试纸有效[22]。其特点为目标抗原浓度越高,T线信号越强,即目标物浓度与T线信号呈现正相关关系,应用场景包括妊娠检测、病毒抗原检测等[23]。竞争型侧流试纸通常用于检测小分子物质(如毒品、激素、残留农药等),这些分子通常只有一个抗原表位,无法形成夹心结构[24]。其信号输出特点为目标抗原浓度越高,T线信号越弱,即呈现为负相关关系[25]。
竞争型侧流试纸根据其设计和检测机制的不同,又可分为竞争I型和竞争II型。它们的区别主要在于标记物和T线固定物质的设计,以及抗原-抗体反应的竞争方式。如图2b所示,竞争I型侧流试纸的标记物通常为胶体金或荧光分子标记的抗原类似物,T线处固定有抗目标抗原的抗体,其工作原理为:样品加载后,样品中的目标抗原与标记抗原类似物共同竞争结合标记垫上的抗体(针对目标抗原的抗体),此时如果样品中目标抗原浓度高,抗体会优先与样品中的抗原结合,减少标记抗原类似物与抗体的结合,导致到达T线的标记抗原类似物-抗体复合物减少,T线信号减弱或消失;如果样品中无目标抗原或浓度低,标记抗原类似物更容易与抗体结合,形成标记抗原类似物-抗体复合物,流动至T线被固定抗体捕获,生成较强的T线信号;C线处通常固定能结合标记抗原类似物的抗体,捕获多余的标记抗原类似物,生成对照信号[26]。典型应用场景为农药残留检测、小分子激素检测(如皮质醇)。该类型侧流试纸通过优化标记抗原类似物和抗体的亲和力,可提高对低浓度抗原的检测灵敏度,但由于需要合成和标记抗原类似物,工艺复杂且成本较高,而且标记抗原类似物的稳定性可能影响检测结果,在一定程度上限制了其推广应用[27]。对于竞争II型侧流试纸来说,其标记物通常为胶体金、荧光分子等标记的针对目标抗原的抗体,T线处固定有目标抗原的类似物(即与目标抗原结构相似的分子或偶联物),如图2c所示。其工作原理为:样品加载后,样品中的目标抗原与标记抗体结合,形成抗原-标记抗体复合物,该复合物随液体流动至T线处,由于标记抗体已被样品中的抗原占据,无法与T线上的抗原类似物结合,因此T线信号减弱或消失;如果样品中无目标抗原或浓度低,标记抗体会直接与T线上的抗原类似物结合,生成较强的T线信号;C线处固定的抗标记抗体的抗体,会捕获多余的标记抗体,生成对照信号,证明试纸有效[28]。该型试纸通常应用于毒品等小分子代谢物检测等[29]。另外,该类型纸基传感技术产品由于采用标记抗体直接与目标抗原或T线抗原类似物反应,设计较为简单,但其对低浓度抗原的检测灵敏度可能较低,因为需要足够的抗原来竞争性地抑制标记抗体与T线的结合[30]。总体而言,竞争II型侧流试纸通常更适合检测极低浓度的目标抗原,因为标记抗原类似物与样品抗原的竞争发生在液相反应中,动力学更易优化;而竞争I型的竞争发生在固相(T线),可能因固定抗原类似物的亲和力差异而降低灵敏度[27]。
微流控纸芯片是一种基于微流体系统的精准分析工具,利用纸张的毛细作用实现液体的自发运输[31],适用于低成本、高效的生化检测[32]。其主要由亲水通道和疏水屏障两个部分构成,亲水通道作为样品和试剂的传输路径,依靠纸张的毛细作用实现液体的定向流动,疏水屏障则通过疏水材料有效防止液体渗漏,确保样品和试剂在亲水通道内高效传输[33]。根据信号读出模式的区别,微流控纸芯片可大致分为比色、荧光、化学发光、电化学、电化学发光、表面增强拉曼光谱等类别[34],不同类别微流控纸芯片表现出各自不同的特点,如表1所示。
作为微流控纸芯片的基本分析技术,比色检测法工作原理是基于流体力学与显色化学的协同作用[48]。该方法利用纸基材料的毛细驱动力,使待测物自主迁移至反应区,与预置显色试剂发生特异性显色反应,从而引发反应区域可见光谱特征的变化[49−50]。如图3a所示,检测系统借助纸基介质的纯白背景增强显色对比度,通过图像采集设备捕获色度或光密度参数的变化,建立色彩强度与目标物浓度的定量关系。该方法具有无需复杂仪器、结果直观可视、支持半定量与精确定量同步检测等优势,特别适用于资源受限场景下的即时检测需求[34,37]。该类方法的局限性在于其颜色变化易受环境影响,且依赖人为主观判断,导致准确性和可靠性不足[36]。
荧光型微流控纸芯片以纸基为载体,依托待测物质与荧光探针的特异性结合机制实现检测[38]。检测过程中,样品经纸基疏水屏障分隔的微米级通道流入反应区,目标物与荧光探针发生特异性相互作用,导致探针荧光信号改变。如图3b所示,通过外部光源激发荧光,借助成像设备采集信号,结合图像处理或光谱分析算法,将荧光信号变化转化为目标物浓度的定量信息[39]。纸基的多孔结构可缓冲样品基质干扰,加之其低成本、可抛弃性及便携性等特点,使其特别适用于现场快速检测[37]。然而,该类方法的局限性在于,荧光信号易受背景光、温度及样品基质等环境因素的干扰,可能导致检测结果的准确性和稳定性下降,而且长时间光照可能导致荧光染料或探针的光漂白,缩短传感器寿命,影响长期使用的可靠性[38,55]。
化学发光型微流控纸芯片的工作原理是基于化学发光反应与微流控技术的结合,利用纸基材料的独特性能来实现高效、快速的目标物检测[40]。具体而言,如图3c所示,通过在纸基材料上构建微流控通道和反应区域,将化学发光试剂与目标分析物整合于微型化平台[52]。当目标物进入芯片的微流控通道时,与预先固定在纸基上的化学发光试剂发生特异性反应,生成激发态分子。这些激发态分子在返回基态时释放光子,产生化学发光信号。发光强度与目标分析物的浓度相关,可通过光电检测器或成像设备捕获并量化,从而实现高灵敏定量检测[56]。纸基的孔隙结构和高比表面积可以有效促进反应物的高效接触,提升反应速度和检测灵敏度[40]。该类方法无需外部光源,减少了背景光干扰,相较于荧光检测具有更高的信噪比,适合低浓度分析物的检测[12]。其不足之处在于需依赖专业分析设备,致使便携性较差,在一定程度上制约了其在现场即时检测分析中的应用[56]。
电化学型微流控纸芯片通过在纸基材料上集成微流控通道和电化学传感单元(包括工作电极、参比电极和对电极)构建检测平台[53]。纸基的天然毛细作用驱动样本在微通道中流动,无需外部泵浦,简化了设备设计并降低了能耗。当目标分析物进入微通道并与电极表面的敏感材料接触时,会引发特定的电化学反应(如氧化或还原)。如图3d所示,这些反应会改变电极界面的电化学性质,产生可测量的电信号,如电流、电压或阻抗变化。通过检测这些电信号的强度或特性,可实现对目标分析物浓度的定量分析[35,49]。纸基材料的高孔隙率和表面化学改性能力增强了敏感材料与分析物的相互作用,提高了检测的灵敏度和选择性[37]。此外,电化学检测具有低能耗、高稳定性及对复杂环境较强的适应性,适合便携式和现场检测应用[57]。在复杂样品中,电化学反应可能受到共存物质的干扰,降低对目标分析物的选择性,需通过表面改性或特异性材料改进[42]。
电化学发光法由化学发光法衍生而来,其通过电化学反应产生光信号。相较于化学发光检测中添加相关试剂即开始信号发射的方式,电化学发光检测可对信号捕获进行时间控制[37]。其工作机制可分为两种:湮灭途径和共反应剂途径。其中共反应剂途径的工作原理如图3e所示,电化学发光微流控纸芯片通过在电极表面电化学反应生成自由基,在共反应剂存在下,生成激发态发光体,这些分子在返回基态时释放光子,产生化学发光信号,发光强度变化与分析物浓度呈正相关[44]。该技术无需外部光源,显著降低了背景光干扰,相比荧光检测具有更高的信噪比,特别适合低浓度分析物检测。但由于电化学发光信号的产生依赖于稳定的电化学反应,电极表面污染或电势波动可能影响信号一致性和检测精度,同时发光试剂的稳定性及发光效率可能会影响检测灵敏度[43]。
表面增强拉曼(SERS)型微流控纸芯片通过在纸基材料上集成微流控通道和表面增强拉曼活性基底(通常为贵金属纳米结构,如金或银纳米颗粒)构建检测平台[58]。当目标分析物进入纸基微通道并吸附到表面增强拉曼基底表面时,入射激光激发基底表面的局部表面等离子体共振,显著增强分析物的拉曼散射信号[59]。如图3f所示,这些增强的拉曼光谱信号具有分子指纹特征,可通过光谱仪捕获并分析,可实现对目标分析物的高灵敏度和高选择性检测[45,60]。表面增强拉曼技术通过分子振动光谱提供高特异性识别,适合复杂样品中痕量分析物的检测。通过优化纳米基底的形貌、微流控通道设计和激光波长,表面增强拉曼型纸芯片可实现对特定目标分子的快速检测,特别适用于食品添加剂等实际样品的快速痕量分析[46]。但表面增强拉曼活性基底的制备往往需要精密的纳米加工技术,工艺复杂且成本较高,限制了其大规模生产和商业化推广[47]。
纸基传感技术作为一种快速、便携、低成本的检测方法,在食品安全分析领域得到了广泛应用。其基于抗原-抗体反应或核酸杂交等原理,能够快速筛查食品中的有害物质,包括农药残留、食品添加剂、微生物以及病原体等,如表2所示。
农药残留检测是保障农产品质量安全和生态环境保护的重要环节之一。近年来,基于纸基传感技术具有的便携性、高灵敏度和低成本等优势,在有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类及苯并咪唑类农药残留检测中展现出巨大潜力。有机磷类农药传统检测方法存在灵敏度低、操作繁琐、检测耗时长等问题,且易受生物基质(如蛋白质和尿素)的干扰,导致检测结果重现性较差,难以满足痕量检测需求[66−68]。Sawetwong等[50]基于分子印迹聚合物修饰的Mn-ZnS量子点(MIP-Mn-ZnS QD)开发了一种3D折叠式微流控纸基分析装置,实现了草甘膦的高选择性检测。如图4a所示,通过MIP-Mn-ZnS QD催化体系调控2,2'-连氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉)-6-磺酸氧化反应,结合比色法与荧光猝灭效应,检出限低至0.002 μg/mL,较传统色谱法灵敏度提升两个数量级。而且采用的分子印迹技术赋予体系优异特异性,可有效区分草甘膦与其他结构类似物及常见干扰离子。尽管该方法在便携性和灵敏度上表现优异,但仍存在电极修饰工艺复杂以及比色响应受浓度梯度限制需分段测定的不足。与此类似,Nichakorn等[35]开发了一种比色/电化学双模式的微流控纸基分析传感平台,实现了水果中甲萘威(CBR)的高效检测。如图4b所示,该技术将光学与电化学检测手段有机结合,通过槲皮素修饰银纳米粒(QCT-AgNPs)的比色响应实现可视化初筛,同时利用AgNPs/MXene复合材料修饰的丝网印刷石墨烯电极制备高灵敏电化学传感器,检出限低至0.01 μmol/L,形成双重验证机制。此外,通过纸基通道自动化完成样品水解与信号转换的芯片设计,不仅简化了操作流程,而且提升了检测通量,满足田间实时监测需求。在另外一个例子中,Jesuraj等[7]开发了一种基于镍铜双金属有机框架(NiCu-MOF)纳米酶的智能手机纸基比色传感平台,用于快速检测多菌灵。该方法利用NiCu-MOF纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性,通过金属-多菌灵络合机制抑制催化反应,从而实现对多菌灵的特异性识别,有效排除Mg2+、Fe2+等金属离子及其他农药的干扰。实验结果表明,该比色传感体系对多菌灵的检测限低至7 nmol/L。结合智能手机纸基传感器后,检测限为11.8 nmol/L,符合痕量残留检测的要求。该技术的显著优势在于无需复杂仪器即可完成现场快速分析,且纸基传感器的可重复使用特性大幅降低了检测成本。然而,其局限性在于定量分析依赖手机摄像头及颜色分析软件,在缺乏电子设备的场景下,仅能通过肉眼进行半定量判断,精度有限。尽管如此,该研究通过将可视化检测与智能终端技术相结合,为多菌灵残留的快速监测提供了创新解决方案,为食品安全领域的高效监管提供了新路径。
苏丹红是一种工业染料,包括苏丹红Ⅰ-Ⅳ四种类型,常被非法添加至食品中,其代谢产物具有强致癌性,对人体健康构成严重威胁[69]。传统检测方法因仪器昂贵、操作复杂,难以满足现场快速筛查的需求[70]。为此,Shi等[8]开发了一种基于核壳结构上转换纳米颗粒(Tm@Er)、MOF以及双模板MIP(DMIPs)的纸基荧光传感平台,用于苏丹红的快速检测。如图4c所示,该方法利用内滤效应将苏丹红的吸收信号转化为荧光响应,结合双模板分子印迹策略,实现了对四种结构相似的苏丹红I-IV染料的同步灵敏识别,检测限分别低至4.01、4.53、4.53和4.47 nmol/L。核壳结构上转换材料的多个荧光峰与目标物的宽范围吸收光谱重叠,结合比率信号自校准功能,有效抑制了复杂基质的干扰。该纸基传感器无需复杂前处理,可在8 min内完成检测,操作简便。然而,其依赖980 nm激光激发和荧光光谱仪,导致现场应用设备成本较高,且纳米材料合成工艺的复杂性可能影响批次间一致性。尽管如此,该技术通过便携式装置与高精度检测的结合,为食品中非法添加剂的多目标物快速筛查提供了创新思路。
三聚氰胺作为一种非法添加剂,因其高氮含量被用于伪造蛋白质含量,高浓度累积可引发肾病甚至危及生命[71]。传统检测手段如HPLC或气相色谱-质谱联用虽灵敏度高,但难以实现现场快速筛查[72]。因此,开发低成本、高特异性且适用于实时监测的新型检测技术,成为提升食品安全监管效能的关键方向之一。Trinh等[61]开发了一种基于等离子体辅助原位生长金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)的纤维素纸基SERS检测方法,实现了三聚氰胺的高效检测。该方法采用干法等离子体还原技术,直接在纤维基底上构建纳米级间隙的AuNPs阵列,简化了传统纳米材料合成步骤,具备绿色、简便的制备工艺优势,检测灵敏度达到超痕量级,对去离子水和预处理牛奶样品的检测限分别为1.2、23 nmol/L。然而,该技术需精确控制等离子体功率和前驱体浓度以优化热点密度,且高脂乳品可能影响未处理样本的检测稳定性。尽管如此,该方法为乳制品安全监管提供了高灵敏、实时的筛查方案,为复杂基质中痕量污染物的快速分析提供了普适性技术框架。
食品在受重金属污染的生态环境中或是加工过程中易引入重金属元素,这些重金属通过食物链传递并在人体内累积,可能导器官损伤[73]。为及时发现食品安全隐患,开发高效、便携的重金属即时检测技术成为研究热点。Yang等[62]构建了一种基于MOF/CdTe QD的比率纸基荧光传感器,用于红酒中的Hg2+和Cu2+的半定量分析。该传感器利用CdTe QD和MOF的双发射峰特性,通过Hg2+和Cu2+对CdTe QDs荧光的猝灭效应,实现高灵敏检测,检测限分别低至0.22、0.26 ng/mL。在紫外灯照射下,传感器颜色随离子浓度变化,肉眼即可直观判断污染物水平,适用于现场快速筛查。该技术无需复杂样品前处理,操作简便,但对实验环境要求较高,需在特定pH条件下操作,且选择性和抗干扰能力有待进一步优化。该技术为葡萄酒等液体样品中重金属离子的现场快速检测提供了新方法,对保障食品质量安全和监管具有重要意义。近期,Yurayart等[64]首次开发了一种基于信号开启机制的侧流试纸,用于真实水样中Cd2+的快速检测。该技术突破了传统侧向层析试纸依赖“信号关闭”机制的局限,通过将能与Cd2+特异性结合适配体偶联AuNPs固定于T线,使T线显色强度与Cd2+浓度呈正相关,实现直观的可视化判读。性能测试表明,该纸基传感方法检测限低至0.02 ppb,肉眼可见检测阈值为1.0 ppb,适用于饮用水、自来水、河水等多种真实水样的Cd2+检测,工业废水经简单稀释后亦可实现准确测定。该技术以其高灵敏度和便捷性,为水体及食品相关样品的重金属检测提供了创新解决方案。
沙门氏菌作为食品中的常见的病原体,涵盖多种血清型,其中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是主要致病类型之一,对公共健康构成显著威胁[74]。传统检测方法耗时长、操作复杂、成本较高,难以满足生物恐怖主义事件或沙门氏菌疫情爆发时对快速响应的需求[75]。因此,开发高灵敏、高特异性且快速的检测技术迫在眉睫。Zhuang等[54]报道了一种集SERS与CRISPR/Cas于一体的微流控纸基检测平台,用于食源性病原体鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的超灵敏检测。该方法整合重组酶聚合酶扩增技术,利用CRISPR/Cas12a的靶向特异性和反式切割活性,结合SERS的高灵敏度与选择性,通过巯基化单链DNA偶联的金纳米星@4-巯基苯甲酸@金纳米壳结构增强SERS信号,在牛奶和肉类样中实现最低检测限分别为3.72、4.04 CFU/mL的超灵敏检测。靶向DNA的精准识别有效降低了假阳性风险,微流控纸芯片与便携式拉曼光谱仪的结合使整个检测过程可在45 min内完成,操作简便,适合现场应用。然而,该技术尚未实现全自动化,存在人为操作失误的风险,且需控制检测环境条件,对便携式拉曼光谱仪的依赖可能限制其在资源匮乏地区的推广应用。总体而言,该技术为食品安全保障提供了高效、可靠的解决方案,为食源性病原体的现场快速检测开辟了新的技术平台。
黄曲霉毒素(AFB1)由曲霉菌属产生,是毒性最强的真菌毒素,具有强致癌性[76]。传统检测方法,如HPLC、酶联免疫吸附法和电化学免疫传感器等,通常需要复杂的样品前处理、较长的检测周期长,且依赖专业操作人员和实验室设备,难以满足供应链实时监测的需求[77]。Zhang等[49]开发了一种电化学/比色双模式微流控纸芯片,通过四面体DNA纳米结构的定向适配体固定策略,结合与AuNPs锚定的Ni-Co层状双氢氧化物纳米笼的信号放大策略,实现了AFB1的高灵敏检测。该芯片电化学检测限低至0.071 pg/mL。借助图像分析软件,通过比色区颜色强度的量化分析,可实现最低检测限为18.6 pg/mL的比色分析。适配体-互补链分离机制增强了芯片的抗干扰能力,实验证实其对复杂基质具有良好适用性。然而,比色模式在检测高浓度样本时需预稀释,电化学检测对电极修饰工艺要求较高,可能限制其广泛应用。另外,实际样品基质效应的全面验证仍需进一步优化。该技术以高通量、高灵敏度和可视化特性,为农产品质量安全的即时监控提供了便携化解决方案。Hu等[65]研究报道了一种基于聚集诱导发射发光体(AIEgens)的荧光增强型侧流试纸,成功实现了花生基质中AFB1与环匹阿尼酸(CPA)的超灵敏同步检测。如图4d所示,该方法利用TPE-Br(一种典型AIEgens材料)与聚苯乙烯组装形成的荧光纳米球,通过AIE效应克服传统荧光标记物的聚集淬灭问题,显著提升检测灵敏度。优化后的体系可在8 min内完成检测,对8种常见霉菌毒素的交叉反应率低于5%,展现出优异的特异性。借助自制便携式荧光读数器实现定量分析,试纸在4 ℃保存180 d后信号衰减小于1.2%,具有良好的稳定性。该技术为复杂食品基质中多种残留同步检测提供了高灵敏、高特异性的现场解决方案,显著提升了食品安全监测的效率与可靠性。
食品安全是保障民生福祉与公共卫生安全的基石,亦是推动社会经济发展的根基。近年来,基于纳米材料与生物识别技术的纸基传感方法在食品安全分析领域取得了显著进展。该类技术通过将高灵敏度检测元件与便携纸基平台结合,实现了对农药残留、食品添加剂、微生物病原体及其他污染物的快速检测。纸基传感器凭借操作简便、成本低廉、便携性强等优势,为食品安全监管带来了革命性突破,特别适用于基层质检、田间筛查和应急监测场景。
然而,目前市面上商业化纸基传感技术产品依然存在明显不足。首先,检测结果多局限于定性分析,缺乏精确的定量能力;其次,纸基传感技术多种检测模式也存在局限性:比色法易受背景干扰及环境温湿度影响,灵敏度和准确性较低;荧光法因纸张基底自发荧光导致信噪比下降,且需昂贵检测设备;电化学检测依赖外部仪器,增加了设备复杂性和测试成本;化学发光与电化学发光需避光操作,便携式读数设备开发滞后,制约现场应用;表面增强拉曼光谱等技术因仪器体积庞大和操作复杂难以普及。同时,样品预处理不足、生物标志物分离效能低以及试剂稳定性差等问题进一步阻碍了纸基传感技术产品商业化进程[57,78]。
未来食品安全快检技术将聚焦于灵敏度、抗干扰能力和实用化的协同优化;基于纳米材料功能化的纸基界面优化,突破传统比色法的灵敏度瓶颈,实现痕量污染物的高通量筛查;推动新型生物相容性纸基复合材料的发展以降低环境负荷;结合微纳制造技术与分子印迹技术推动特异性识别元件的精准构筑。此外,基于CRISPR-Cas系统的分子识别元件开发及无标记光学传感技术的融合,突破传统免疫学方法的局限,实现痕量污染物的超灵敏定量分析也是未来的研究方向。未来纸基传感技术将集成纳米材料增强传感、智能手机高通量成像及AI算法分析,实现多靶标精准即时检测,为食品安全智慧监管提供实时、动态的决策支撑,助力食品安全检测向便携化、智能化的方向迈进。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060237
  • 接收时间:2025-06-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-20
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    1济南大学化学化工学院,山东济南 250022
    2山东省烟台生态环境监测中心,山东烟台 264000

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周双(1989−),女,博士,研究方向:光电化学食品安全分析,E-mail:。
张彦(1989−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:电化学传感与食品安全分析,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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