Article(id=1320166283090448810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030326, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742832000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681769392, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681769392, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681769392, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681769392, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=57, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166284705255851, articleId=1320166283090448810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Structural Characterization of Soybean Protein Isolate Fiber and Monascus Pigment Complex and Its Color Stability, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The present study aimed to investigate the complexation mechanism between soy protein isolate fibers (SPF) and Monascus pigments (Mps), as well as the effects of different conditions on the stability of Mps within the complex. Spectroscopic methods were employed to characterize the structural properties of the complex and to evaluate the thermal, pH, and photostability of Mps within the complex. The results demonstrated that the interaction between SPF and Mps in the complex was primarily driven by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces. The incorporation of Mps altered the microenvironment of SPF, reducing the hydrophobicity around tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues and consequently modifying the secondary structure of the protein. Compared to pure SPF, in the SPF-Mps complex with a concentration of 3 mg/mL (SPM3.0), the relative content of α-helix and β-sheet in SPF decreased by 52.35% and 11.95%, respectively, while the relative content of β-turn and random coil increased by 19.04% and 69.56%, respectively. SPF enhanced the stability of Mps, as evidenced by significantly higher retention rates of Mps in the complex under various temperature, pH, and illumination conditions compared to free Mps. Specifically, under a condition of 4 ℃, the retention rates of Mps in the complex increased by 19.03% and 38.46% at absorbance wavelengths of 385 nm and 410 nm, respectively, compared to free Mps. At pH9.0, the largest increase in Mps retention rate was observed, with values of 79.21% and 230.41% at the two wavelengths. After 6 hours of illumination, the complex with a concentration of 20 mg/mL exhibited the highest increase in Mps retention rate, with values of 104.69% and 149.89% at the respective wavelengths. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the color improvement and quality control of plant-based meat products.

, authors=Wenxi TANG1, 2, Yong SUI1, *, Jinxin CHE2, Jianbin SHI1, Junren WEN1, Xueling CHEN1, Fang CAI1, Tian XIONG1, Xin MEI1, *, authorsList=Wenxi TANG, Yong SUI, Jinxin CHE, Jianbin SHI, Junren WEN, Xueling CHEN, Fang CAI, Tian XIONG, Xin MEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yong SUI, Xin MEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166286693355964, articleId=1320166283090448810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=大豆分离蛋白纤维与红曲色素复合物结构表征及其色泽稳定性探究, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探究大豆分离蛋白纤维(SPF)与红曲色素(Mps)复合机制及在不同条件下对Mps稳定性的影响。通过光谱学手段,表征复合物结构特性,并评估复合物中Mps的热、pH和光稳定性。结果表明,复合物中SPF与Mps相互作用以氢键和疏水作用力为主,加入Mps,改变SPF的微环境,降低SPF中色氨酸(Trp)和酪氨酸(Tyr)残基附近的疏水性,改变了蛋白质的二级结构;相较于SPF,浓度为3 mg/mL的SPF-Mps复合物(SPM3.0)中SPF的α-螺旋和β-折叠相对含量分别下降52.35%和11.95%,β-转角和无规卷曲相对含量分别增加19.04%和69.56%。SPF可提高Mps稳定性,不同温度、pH及光照条件下,复合物中Mps保留率均显著高于游离Mps;相较于游离Mps,在385 nm和410 nm的吸光度下,4 ℃条件,复合物中Mps保留率分别提高19.03%和38.46%;pH9.0时,Mps保留率上升幅度最大,分别为79.21%和230.41%;光照6 h后,Mps浓度为20 mg/mL的复合物中Mps保留率上升幅度最大,分别为104.69%和149.89%。本研究结果为植物基肉制品的色泽改良和质量控制提供理论依据。

, authors=唐文西1, 2, 隋勇1, *, 车金鑫2, 施建斌1, 文俊仁1, 陈学玲1, 蔡芳1, 熊添1, 梅新1, *, authorsList=唐文西, 隋勇, 车金鑫, 施建斌, 文俊仁, 陈学玲, 蔡芳, 熊添, 梅新, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=隋勇, 梅新, authorNote=

唐文西(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
隋勇(1987−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:粮食精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:薯类深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8vleFNAGbrvAvJZdMIXjug==, magXml=FgQJXeX26N78wcrSUYJMug==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=QTM9MIfX66CceMqfNLVXnQ==, pdfFileSize=3013698, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=scX7upq0VMtM1eeJ5YmnsA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RWI4sgH6NMnDAVKRqaWnZA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320166943970145042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2589542436@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320166944075002645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, authorId=1320166943970145042, language=EN, stringName=Wenxi TANG, firstName=Wenxi, middleName=null, lastName=TANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Characteristic Resources and Utilization, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166943773012747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166943781401356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, companyId=1320166943773012747, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Characteristic Resources and Utilization, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166943798178573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, companyId=1320166943773012747, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,特色农产品资源挖掘与高质利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166943865287438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166943873676047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, companyId=1320166943865287438, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166943890453264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, companyId=1320166943865287438, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2湘潭大学化工学院,湖南湘潭 411105)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166949498237771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Simultaneous fluorescence spectra of different concentrations of SPM, figureFileSmall=4BAHM9BtU1/9nDqTxNgnsw==, figureFileBig=0PIELFXg/1ulp6uxJ8nGFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166949598901068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同浓度SPM的同步荧光光谱, figureFileSmall=4BAHM9BtU1/9nDqTxNgnsw==, figureFileBig=0PIELFXg/1ulp6uxJ8nGFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166949703758669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=3D Fluorescence spectra of different concentrations of SPM, figureFileSmall=tVpYSwh0IU0++mw47qm2IQ==, figureFileBig=J5nbW4RX2QbejGuOJxR1Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166949775061838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同浓度SPM的3D荧光光谱

注:A~F分别表示SPF和浓度为5、7.5、10、12.5、15 mg/mL SPM的荧光光谱。

, figureFileSmall=tVpYSwh0IU0++mw47qm2IQ==, figureFileBig=J5nbW4RX2QbejGuOJxR1Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166949837976399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Infrared spectra of different concentrations of SPM, figureFileSmall=Lh4JDl0fGxNTA2wY9dhxJw==, figureFileBig=VzftGqit3RW70YKpW0tvTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166949921862480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同浓度SPM的红外光谱, figureFileSmall=Lh4JDl0fGxNTA2wY9dhxJw==, figureFileBig=VzftGqit3RW70YKpW0tvTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166949988971345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Secondary structure relative content of different concentrations of SPM, figureFileSmall=wQwMLIpeAtFCR6hvp+zPjA==, figureFileBig=fMpyeIqe6dd66yU/lbBJsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166950060274514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同浓度SPM的二级结构相对含量

注:不同小写字母表示有显著性差异(P<0.05),图5~图8同。

, figureFileSmall=wQwMLIpeAtFCR6hvp+zPjA==, figureFileBig=fMpyeIqe6dd66yU/lbBJsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166950148354899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Particle size and zeta potential of different concentrations of SPM, figureFileSmall=v7YKPZID8/aIPIhZm/vFVg==, figureFileBig=6Zpj20u9vXKWWKV+G0rLbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166950232240980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同浓度SPM的粒径和电位, figureFileSmall=v7YKPZID8/aIPIhZm/vFVg==, figureFileBig=6Zpj20u9vXKWWKV+G0rLbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166950311932757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Retention of Mps in free Mps and SPM at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=6bbhBRwi8yv4e03B82x5Ug==, figureFileBig=XpLFTBDLnAGd8na0+ZXJ1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166950420984662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同温度条件下游离Mps和SPM中Mps的保留率

注:A为385 nm吸光度,B为410 nm吸光度;SPM和Mps后数字均为温度。

, figureFileSmall=6bbhBRwi8yv4e03B82x5Ug==, figureFileBig=XpLFTBDLnAGd8na0+ZXJ1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166950483899223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Mps retention in Mps and SPM under different pH conditions, figureFileSmall=MGgtQDrmRlPZNk+MLMVD+g==, figureFileBig=K9B0tuVNTnBYj3fjh2xWFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166950546813784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同pH条件下Mps和SPM中Mps保留率

注:A为385 nm吸光度,B为410 nm吸光度。

, figureFileSmall=MGgtQDrmRlPZNk+MLMVD+g==, figureFileBig=K9B0tuVNTnBYj3fjh2xWFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166950630699865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Mps retention rate in Mps and SPM under different lighting conditions, figureFileSmall=sL58/qhjRvSt+kgxT2KpFg==, figureFileBig=2wveiYFXZcaSzWKJESzMUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166950697808730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166283090448810, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同光照条件下Mps和SPM中Mps保留率

注:A为385 nm吸光度,B为410 nm吸光度;SPM后数字均为SPM中Mps浓度,mg/mL。

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大豆分离蛋白纤维与红曲色素复合物结构表征及其色泽稳定性探究
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唐文西 1, 2 , 隋勇 1, * , 车金鑫 2 , 施建斌 1 , 文俊仁 1 , 陈学玲 1 , 蔡芳 1 , 熊添 1 , 梅新 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(11): 57-64
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (11) : 57 -64
大豆分离蛋白纤维与红曲色素复合物结构表征及其色泽稳定性探究
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唐文西1, 2 , 隋勇1, * , 车金鑫2, 施建斌1, 文俊仁1, 陈学玲1, 蔡芳1, 熊添1, 梅新1, *
作者信息
  • 1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,特色农产品资源挖掘与高质利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064
  • 2湘潭大学化工学院,湖南湘潭 411105
通讯作者:
隋勇(1987−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:粮食精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:薯类深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

唐文西(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:

Structural Characterization of Soybean Protein Isolate Fiber and Monascus Pigment Complex and Its Color Stability
Wenxi TANG1, 2 , Yong SUI1, * , Jinxin CHE2, Jianbin SHI1, Junren WEN1, Xueling CHEN1, Fang CAI1, Tian XIONG1, Xin MEI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Characteristic Resources and Utilization, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 2School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030326
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本研究旨在探究大豆分离蛋白纤维(SPF)与红曲色素(Mps)复合机制及在不同条件下对Mps稳定性的影响。通过光谱学手段,表征复合物结构特性,并评估复合物中Mps的热、pH和光稳定性。结果表明,复合物中SPF与Mps相互作用以氢键和疏水作用力为主,加入Mps,改变SPF的微环境,降低SPF中色氨酸(Trp)和酪氨酸(Tyr)残基附近的疏水性,改变了蛋白质的二级结构;相较于SPF,浓度为3 mg/mL的SPF-Mps复合物(SPM3.0)中SPF的α-螺旋和β-折叠相对含量分别下降52.35%和11.95%,β-转角和无规卷曲相对含量分别增加19.04%和69.56%。SPF可提高Mps稳定性,不同温度、pH及光照条件下,复合物中Mps保留率均显著高于游离Mps;相较于游离Mps,在385 nm和410 nm的吸光度下,4 ℃条件,复合物中Mps保留率分别提高19.03%和38.46%;pH9.0时,Mps保留率上升幅度最大,分别为79.21%和230.41%;光照6 h后,Mps浓度为20 mg/mL的复合物中Mps保留率上升幅度最大,分别为104.69%和149.89%。本研究结果为植物基肉制品的色泽改良和质量控制提供理论依据。

大豆分离蛋白纤维  /  红曲色素  /  结构特性  /  复合机制  /  色泽稳定性

The present study aimed to investigate the complexation mechanism between soy protein isolate fibers (SPF) and Monascus pigments (Mps), as well as the effects of different conditions on the stability of Mps within the complex. Spectroscopic methods were employed to characterize the structural properties of the complex and to evaluate the thermal, pH, and photostability of Mps within the complex. The results demonstrated that the interaction between SPF and Mps in the complex was primarily driven by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces. The incorporation of Mps altered the microenvironment of SPF, reducing the hydrophobicity around tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues and consequently modifying the secondary structure of the protein. Compared to pure SPF, in the SPF-Mps complex with a concentration of 3 mg/mL (SPM3.0), the relative content of α-helix and β-sheet in SPF decreased by 52.35% and 11.95%, respectively, while the relative content of β-turn and random coil increased by 19.04% and 69.56%, respectively. SPF enhanced the stability of Mps, as evidenced by significantly higher retention rates of Mps in the complex under various temperature, pH, and illumination conditions compared to free Mps. Specifically, under a condition of 4 ℃, the retention rates of Mps in the complex increased by 19.03% and 38.46% at absorbance wavelengths of 385 nm and 410 nm, respectively, compared to free Mps. At pH9.0, the largest increase in Mps retention rate was observed, with values of 79.21% and 230.41% at the two wavelengths. After 6 hours of illumination, the complex with a concentration of 20 mg/mL exhibited the highest increase in Mps retention rate, with values of 104.69% and 149.89% at the respective wavelengths. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the color improvement and quality control of plant-based meat products.

soy protein fiber isolate  /  Monascus pigments  /  structural characteristic  /  composite mechanism  /  color stability
唐文西, 隋勇, 车金鑫, 施建斌, 文俊仁, 陈学玲, 蔡芳, 熊添, 梅新. 大豆分离蛋白纤维与红曲色素复合物结构表征及其色泽稳定性探究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 57 -64 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030326
Wenxi TANG, Yong SUI, Jinxin CHE, Jianbin SHI, Junren WEN, Xueling CHEN, Fang CAI, Tian XIONG, Xin MEI. Structural Characterization of Soybean Protein Isolate Fiber and Monascus Pigment Complex and Its Color Stability[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 57 -64 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030326
大豆分离蛋白(Soy protein isolate,SPI)是一种从大豆中分离出来且相对稳定的球状蛋白,是一种常见的植物蛋白[1],SPI营养丰富,蕴含人体所必需氨基酸,长期食用,可有效降低罹患高脂血症和心血管疾病的风险[2]。SPI经水化、高温挤压及机械剪切处理发生变性,形成具有分层、纤维状的组织结构,即为大豆分离蛋白纤维(Soy protein isolate fiber,SPF)。SPF具有高纵横比和较大的比表面积,SPI纤维化展开了其蛋白质结构,提高了乳化活性、乳化稳定性等,因此蛋白质自组装形成的纤维化结构作为功能因子的潜在载体引起了广泛关注[3]。
红曲色素(Monascus pigments,Mps)是以大米、大豆为主要液体培养基料经红曲菌液态发酵培养、提取、浓缩、精制而成;或以红曲米为原料,经萃取、浓缩、精制而得到的聚酮类复合物[3]。Mps组分复杂,已鉴别的组分主要包括红色素、橙色素、黄色素等,具有降血脂、抗氧化、降血糖及抗阿尔兹海默症等功效[4−7]。Mps具有较高的安全性,相关国标规定红曲红作为食品添加剂在食品生产中可按需适量添加[3]。然而,在食品体系中,Mps色泽稳定性受温度、pH、光照、金属离子等多种因素影响,在加工过程中易损失降解,极大降低着色性能,限制其在食品中应用,提高Mps在食品加工过程中色泽稳定性可扩展其在食品加工领域应用范围。
近年来,蛋白质与色素的互作逐渐成为食品科学研究的热点领域,构建包含生物大分子如蛋白质和多糖的复合体系负载食源性活性小分子,是提升色素等小分子稳定性的有效方法[8]。Yang等[9]采用由卵清蛋白-osa修饰果胶-芦丁构建的纳米载体包封Mps,结果显示,包封后Mps光、热及贮存稳定性显著增强。Cao等[10]研究表明SPI与叶绿素间互作结合是基于疏水作用力,且结合后叶绿素热稳定性显著提升。Ali等[11]研究表明酪蛋白酸钠与Mps形成复合物,提高酸性条件下Mps溶解度和热稳定性。Hu等[12]研究由大米蛋白和SPI组成的复合蛋白对甜菜素热保护效果及保护机制,发现复合蛋白通过氢键与甜菜素结合,以非共价方式提高甜菜素热稳定性。在已有文献中,Zhao等[13]研究了SPF与甜菜碱的相互作用并评估了甜菜碱的热稳定性,发现SPF通过疏水相互作用与甜菜碱结合,并可提高甜菜碱的热稳定性。而有关SPF与Mps复合物结构特性及色泽稳定性的研究,鲜有报道。
目前,国内外植物基肉制品研究方兴未艾,色泽仿真度是植物基肉制品研发领域重点研究内容,SPI是制作植物基肉制品主要原料,Mps作为优良天然色素可应用于改善植物基肉制品色泽。相比SPI,SPF具有多孔结构,且比表面积大,热、化学稳定性高,在与各种小分子相互作用过程中可提供更多结合位点,更适合作为生物活性分子的稳定递送载体[14–15]。本研究旨在表征SPF与Mps复合物结构特性,探究SPF与Mps复合机制,并评价复合物中Mps在不同体系中稳定性变化规律,为Mps作为大豆蛋白为原料植物基肉制品色泽改良剂提供理论依据。
大豆分离蛋白 山东禹王生态食业有限公司;Mps(色价为100) 广东科隆生物科技有限公司;氢氧化钠、乙酸、乙酸钠、无水乙醇、无水甲醇、石油醚、盐酸 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;实验所用试剂均为分析纯。
XU-AZ2K-R型离心机 上海析牛莱伯仪器有限公司;KS-700TDV型超声波清洗机 昆山洁力美超声仪器有限公司;ZLGJ-12型真空冷冻干燥机 河北盈盛仪器有限公司;Nicolet型傅里叶变换红外色谱仪 赛默飞世尔有限公司;JASCO-810型圆二色光谱仪 佳斯科(上海)贸易有限公司;F-4700型荧光分光光度计 日立科学仪器有限公司;Infinite M200 PRO型酶标仪 瑞士Tecan公司;nano zs90型激光纳米粒度仪 马尔文帕纳科公司。
参照Zhao等[16]的方法进行制备并进行了细微修改。取12 g SPI与蒸馏水充分混合,以2 mol/L的HCl调节混合液pH至2.0,后定容至400 mL,继续搅拌30 min,于3500 r/min下离心10 min,取上清液于85 ℃下磁力搅拌20 h得原丝混合液,冻干得SPF粉末。取一定量SPF、Mps分别与蒸馏水充分混合,持续搅拌3 h,制备6 mg/mL SPF溶液和不同浓度的Mps溶液,按体积比1:1将SPF与Mps溶液混合,充分搅拌均匀得SPF-Mps复合物,记为SPM,复合物中SPF的质量浓度始终固定为3 mg/mL,复合物SPM的浓度以所含Mps浓度表示。0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0 mg/mL SPM溶液是由6.0 mg/mL SPF溶液分别与1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、6.0 mg/mL Mps溶液1:1混合,分别记为SPM0.5、SPM1.0、SPM1.5、SPM2.0、SPM3.0,以此类推。
同步荧光:分别配制含有5、7.5、10、12.5、15 mg/mL Mps的SPM溶液,记为SPM5、SPM7.5、SPM10、SPM12.5、SPM15,以SPF(3 mg/mL)为对照在298 K条件下扫描样品同步荧光,波长范围为220~400 nm(酪氨酸,Δλ=15 nm)和200~340 nm(色氨酸,Δλ=60 nm)[17]。三维(3D)荧光:分别制备5、7.5、10、12.5、15 mg/mL SPM溶液,以SPF(3 mg/mL)为对照测定3D荧光光谱,参数为:激发波长200~320 nm,发射波长270~500 nm,狭缝5 nm,扫描速率12000 nm/min[18]。
分别配制含有0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0 mg/mL Mps的SPM溶液并冻干得粉末,并以SPF为对照。SPM与SPF冻干粉末与KBr按1:100(w/w)比例混合,研磨均匀、压片,于1000~3600 cm−1扫描,分辨率4 cm−1[19]。
分别配制含有0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0 mg/mL Mps的SPM溶液,按1 nm步长采用CD色谱仪测定其在190~260 nm范围内的CD光谱,采用DICHROWEB网站计算SPM二级结构。
分别配制含有0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0 mg/mL Mps的SPM溶液,采用激光纳米仪测定SPM平均粒径、聚合物分散性指数(Polydispersity index,PDI)、ζ电位。
采用许雨晗等[8]的方法测定SPM热稳定性,将含有3 mg/mL Mps的SPM溶液分别置于4、25、50 ℃下避光孵育6 h,以相同浓度(以SPM中Mps浓度计)的Mps溶液为对照,间隔2 h取样一次,分别于385 nm(红曲黄色素检测波长)和410 nm(红曲红色素检测波长)处测定样品吸光度,依据公式计算Mps保留率。
$ \rm Mps保留率({\text{%}})= \frac{\mathrm{A_n}}{\mathrm{A}_0}\times 100 $
式中:An表示不同处理后吸光度值,A0表示初始吸光度值。
红曲色素在385 nm处的标曲为:y=0.004x+0.0002,R2=0.9995。在410 nm处的标曲为:y=0.0059x−0.0001,R2=0.9999。式中,y表示吸光度值,x表示红曲色素质量浓度,mg/L。
参照许雨晗等[8]的方法测定Mps pH稳定性,将SPF冻干粉末与Mps分别溶于pH为3、5、7、9、11的PBS溶液(0.1 mol/L)中配制含有3 mg/mL Mps的SPM溶液,充分混匀后室温避光孵育6 h,以相同浓度(以SPM中Mps浓度计)Mps溶液为对照,测定样品在波长385 nm和410 nm处的吸光度,依据1.2.3.1中公式计算Mps保留率。
参照郭佳[20]的方法测定Mps光稳定性,分别配制含有5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/mL Mps的SPM溶液,分别置于恒温光照(光照强度为3000 Lux,温度25 ℃)培养箱中照射12、24、36、48、60 h,以相同浓度(以SPM中Mps浓度计)的Mps溶液作为对照,间隔12 h取样一次,测定样品在波长385 nm和410 nm处的吸光度,依据1.2.3.1中公式计算Mps保留率。
所有实验均独立重复三次,采用SPSS27软件进行单因素ANOVA检验,采用邓肯多重检验法比较数据的显著性,P<0.05表示存在显著性差异,使用Origin2024软件进行图表绘制。
从图1中可以看出,随着波长增大,Tyr和Trp的荧光强度均呈先增强后减弱的变化趋势,Tyr的荧光强度弱于Trp,表明Trp是SPF荧光的主要贡献者。随着复合物中Mps浓度的增加,Trp和Tyr残基最大发射波长均发生不同程度的红移,表明加入Mps,改变溶液中SPF微环境,降低Trp和Tyr残基附近的疏水性,增强残基周围环境的极性,导致蛋白质二级结构发生变化。相比于SPF,SPM15的Trp和Tyr荧光强度分别降低了94.84%和65.66%,表明Trp和Tyr残基共同参与SPF和Mps非共价键结合过程[21]。Liu等[22]研究表明,与天然色素结合导致了大豆蛋白结合位点的荧光淬灭,且荧光强度随色素浓度增加而降低;随着胭脂树橙浓度增加,其与蛋白质的相互作用导致酪蛋白酸钠、乳清蛋白分离物和SPI的荧光强度均降低[23]。
峰a和c处的激发波长(λex)等于发射波长(λem),可视为瑞利散射峰,而峰b(λem=2λex)为二阶散射光谱,这主要是由仪器伪影造成的[24]。峰1(λex=280 nm,λem=340 nm)主要揭示蛋白质中Trp和Tyr残基的荧光强度,峰2(λex=230 nm,λem=350 nm)源自于肽链骨架结构[11]。图2A~图2F分别为不同浓度Mps下SPF的3D荧光光谱,由图可知,随着Mps浓度升高,峰1的高度显著降低(P<0.05),这与同步荧光结果相吻合,加入Mps掩盖了SPF中Tyr和Trp的疏水基团[25];与峰1相似(λex=230 nm,λem=330 nm),随着Mps浓度升高,峰2高度亦显著降低,表明Mps改变了SPF的二级结构。在所有Mps浓度下,峰1的荧光强度均高于峰2,因芳香族氨基酸处于高度激发态[25],在230 nm处提供给肽主链的能量强度大于280 nm。通常情况下,蛋白质荧光是由芳香族氨基酸的原子产生,其吸收能量后成为激发态,后通过非辐射跃迁(发射荧光)迅速松弛到最低能级[26]。光谱的形状与波长无关,这解释了峰1和峰2形状和变化趋势相似的原因。
蛋白质傅里叶变换红外光谱中,酰胺Ⅰ(C=O拉伸振动,1657.72 cm−1)、酰胺Ⅱ(C-N伸缩和N-H弯曲振动,1545.00 cm−1)和酰胺Ⅲ(C-O和C-O-C振动,1241.09 cm−1)的峰位变化与其二级结构的变化相关[27]。图3为加入不同浓度Mps后SPM的FT-IR光谱,由图可知,SPF的N-H拉伸振动的特征峰值为3291.55 cm−1[28],加入Mps后,该特征峰发生偏移,且随着SPM中Mps浓度升高,该特征峰从3290.28 cm−1移位至3282.20 cm−1,表明氢键是SPF和Mps之间主要相互作用方式。2963.18 cm−1和1450.42 cm−1是复合物中C-H不对称拉伸特征峰,随着SPM中Mps浓度升高,该特征峰出现轻微偏移;位于2874.13 cm−1的C-H对称拉伸峰位置也发生了不同程度变化[29];此外,在添加Mps后,位于1169.13 cm−1附近的C=O拉伸振动峰从1169.13 cm−1偏移到1163.92 cm−1。上述结果表明,添加Mps后,复合物中多个官能团的峰值位置发生移动,且随着SPM中Mps浓度升高,位移程度增大,证实Mps与SDF形成了非共价复合物,且二者间结合力以氢键作用为主。
加入不同浓度Mps后SPM的圆二色谱如图4所示,由图可知,SPF中α-螺旋(α-helix)、β-折叠(β-sheet)、β-转角(β-turn)和无规卷曲(random coil)的相对含量分别为34.19%、21.18%、20.19%和23.44%。加入Mps后,随着SPM中Mps浓度升高,α-螺旋的相对含量呈下降变化趋势,相比SPF,SPM3.0中α-螺旋相对含量降低52.35%,β-折叠相对含量下降11.95%,β-转角和无规卷曲相对含量分别增加19.04%和69.56%,进一步证实Mps对SPF二级结构有显著影响(P<0.05)。此外,随着SPM中Mps浓度的增加,SPF二级结构的变化速率逐渐降低,α-螺旋变化速率从30.89%下降至6.43%,β-折叠、β-转角和无规卷曲分别从11.09%、4.67%、6.87%降至2.68%、4.17%、3.22%。可能是溶液中Mps浓度升高,二者间相互作用趋于饱和。Dai等[30]认为,α-螺旋相对含量降低表明蛋白质氢键结构被破坏,Mps可进入蛋白质的疏水口袋。Lang等[31]研究也表明,添加M3G后,α-酪蛋白α-螺旋相对含量从23.7%下降至20.1%,β-折叠相对含量从17.3%下降到16.7%,β-转角及无规卷曲的相对含量增加。这些结果都表明添加色素破坏了蛋白质的二级结构,这印证了本研究中同步荧光分析结果。
图5显示了加入不同浓度Mps后SPM的粒径分布以及ζ电位。从图中可以看出,SPF的平均粒径为497.9 nm,高于SPM,随着SPM中Mps浓度升高,其平均粒径呈下降变化趋势,相比于SPF,SPM3.0平均粒径降低77.06%(图5A~图5C);随着SPM中Mps浓度升高,其PDI呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,当Mps浓度为2.0 mg/mL,PDI最高,达0.577;SPM的ζ电位绝对值呈先上升后下降变化趋势,SPM2.0其绝对值最高达35.33 mV。SPM复合物平均粒径降低,可归因于靶蛋白与小分子之间的桥接作用形成了紧凑的核心结构[32]。SPM复合物平均粒径与其配体和受体的浓度密切相关,随着配体相对浓度升高,二者相互作用加剧,复合物平均粒径减小[33]。当SPM中Mps浓度大于1 mg/mL时,粒径分布曲线中出现了粒径远高于SPF的峰,这也导致了PDI的增加。SPM复合物粒径与其ζ电位密切相关,随着复合物形成,复合物表面带负电荷量增加导致颗粒间排斥力增强,一定程度阻止了颗粒间聚集,促使SPM在溶液中分布更均匀,减小了复合物的粒径[34]。此外,所有SPM的ζ电位绝对值均不超过40 mV,推测可能有其他非极性结合力(如疏水相互作用)在SPM复合物的形成中起着重要作用[35]。
不同温度下复合物在385 nm(图6A)和410 nm(图6B)处吸光值的变化表征Mps保留率,如图6所示。从图中可以看出,在不同温度下,随着处理时间延长,SPM中Mps保留率均呈下降趋势,SPM中Mps下降速率均低于游离Mps;相同处理时间下,SPM中Mps保留率显著高于游离Mps(P<0.05),且随着温度升高,Mps保留率下降。相较于游离Mps,4、25、50 ℃分别处理6 h后,在385 nm处,复合物中Mps保留率较游离Mps保留率分别提高了19.03%、14.86%、17.15%,在410 nm处分别提高了38.46%、16.67%、9.92%,表明低温有利于维持Mps稳定性,SPF与Mps复合以及复合物低温贮藏可有效减缓Mps降解,提高其稳定性。Ali等[11]研究酪蛋白酸钠与Mps复合对Mps稳定性的影响,结果表明,复合物溶液吸光度较游离Mps溶液提升0.32,表明酪蛋白酸钠与Mps通过疏水相互作用及氢键等作用力提高了Mps的稳定性。
不同pH下SPM中Mps保留率如图7所示,从图中可以看出,游离Mps和SPM中Mps保留率分别介于20%~50%和50%~70%之间,且SPM中Mps保留率显著高于游离Mps(P<0.05);相比于Mps,pH3、5、7、9、11时,在385 nm下SPM中Mps保留率分别提高19.88%、62.32%、49.79%、79.21%、123.98%,在410 nm下SPM中Mps保留率分别提高48.62%、89.06%、80.78%、230.41%、147.39%。pH为酸性时,pH5 SPM中Mps的保留率大于pH3;碱性条件下SPM中Mps保留率高于酸性和中性条件。可能是pH5接近于蛋白的等电点,改变了蛋白结构,导致了蛋白的聚集。而碱性条件下蛋白质的溶解性较高,有利于Mps的结合和保留。上述结果说明,SPF与Mps复合可提升Mps酸碱稳定性,可能是Mps与SPF结合后进入了其疏水腔中,被SPF包裹,使得Mps酸碱稳定性提升[36]。
在光照射下,色素中最不稳定的脂肪族侧链易发生断裂,出现Norrish Ⅰ型分解,此过程破坏了色素中发色基团及共轭体系,导致色素溶液颜色变浅[37]。如图8所示,随着光照时间延长,游离Mps和SPM中Mps保留率均呈下降趋势;相同光照时间下,SPM中Mps保留率高于游离Mps,且SPM中Mps保留率随SPM浓度升高而增大。相比于游离的Mps,光照60 h后,在385 nm(图8A)下,随着SPM浓度升高,SPM中Mps保留率分别提高24.76%、34.75%、104.69%;在410 nm(图8B)下,SPM中Mps保留率分别提高33.83%、71.8%、149.89%。在光照初始阶段,SPM中Mps保留率降低速率高,后随着光照时间延长,Mps保留率下降速率减缓,可能是起始Mps浓度较高,在光照过程中接收到的光量子较多,色素发色团发生光化学反应,破坏了色素本身结构[38]。而后保留率下降趋势减缓,可能是Mps与SPF发生相互作用,色素稳定性得到提升。
本研究借助多重光谱技术解析SPF与Mps间的互作行为,并对SPM中Mps的稳定性进行评价。光谱学分析结果表明,Mps主要通过氢键和疏水相互作用与SPF结合,SPF中Trp和Tyr残基参与结合过程,Mps能诱导SPF二级结构部分展开,提高Trp和Tyr残基微环境的疏水性,SPF与Mps复合后,SPM3.0中其α-螺旋结构相对含量降低52.35%,而β-转角和无规卷曲相对含量上升,随着SPM浓度的增加,SPF中氢键的吸收峰从3290.28 cm−1位移至3282.20 cm−1,平均粒径值下降,ζ电位绝对值均不超过40 mV,亦证实SPF和Mps之间通过非共价结合形成复合物。SPF与Mps复合,可有效减缓Mps降解,提高其稳定性。在不同温度、pH以及光照条件下,SPM复合物中Mps稳定性均优于游离Mps,4℃、碱性条件下SPM中Mps保留率较高,光照条件下,SPM中Mps保留率与SPM浓度呈正比。本研究结果可为以植物源蛋白原料制作植物基肉制品的色泽改良和质量控制提供借鉴和参考。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030326
  • 接收时间:2025-03-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25
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    1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,特色农产品资源挖掘与高质利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064
    2湘潭大学化工学院,湖南湘潭 411105

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隋勇(1987−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:粮食精深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:薯类深加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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