Article(id=1320166249133355994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050250, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748188800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681761296, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681761296, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681761296, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681761296, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=420, endPage=432, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166249368237019, articleId=1320166249133355994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Antioxidant Activity of Blueberry Extract and Its Protection Effect on t-BHP-induced Oxidative Damage of L-02 Cells, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To elucidate the composition of chlorogenic acid homologs and anthocyanins in blueberry extracts and their protective effects on human L-02 hepatocytes, the present study utilized organic solvent extraction and macroporous adsorption resin separation to prepare chlorogenic acid extracts (CGAE) and anthocyanin extracts (ANTE) from 15 blueberry samples of distinct cultivars, origins, and geographical locations. In vitro experiments were conducted to assess free radical scavenging capacity and evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in L-02 hepatocytes. The results showed that chlorogenic acid>neochlorogenic acid>cryptochlorogenic acid>isochlorogenic acid B>isochlorogenic acid A>isochlorogenic acid C and delphinidin>petunidin>peonidin>malvidin>cyanidin in the average content of chlorogenic acids and anthocyanins in 15 blueberry samples. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid were significantly negatively correlated with DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging rates, and significantly positively correlated with FRAP and RP. The contents of delphinidin-3-galactoside and delphinidin-3-arabinoside were significantly positively correlated with FRAP and RP, and negatively correlated with ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, but only the correlation for delphinidin-3-arabinoside was significant. In contrast, delphinidin-3-glucoside was significantly positively correlated with ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, and significantly negatively correlated with FRAP and RP. Among cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin, only cyanidin-3-glucoside was significantly negatively correlated with FRAP and RP, while petunidin-3-galactoside and petunidin-3-arabinoside were significantly positively correlated with FRAP and RP. The results indicated that the active component content and antioxidant activity of blueberries varied significantly depending on the different cultivars, growing regions, and geographical origins. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to statistically validate the distinct chemotypic profiles among different varieties. A functional validation model at the cellular level was established, and the optimal induction conditions were determined as treatment with 350 μmol/L t-BHP for 4 hours. Using this optimized model, the protective effects of both CGAE and ANTE extracts were rigorously evaluated. In summary, 20~60 μg/mL CGAE and 15~25 μg/mL ANTE significantly reduced ROS levels while significantly increasing the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, and the antioxidant effect of ANTE was significantly higher than that of CGAE. This study screened blueberry extracts with high antioxidant activity, providing a reference for research on the antioxidant applications of blueberry extracts.

, authors=Shunyao LI1, Xiaoni GUO2, Huiming ZANG3, Song LI1, Xiulan XIN1, Qiang ZHANG1, *, authorsList=Shunyao LI, Xiaoni GUO, Huiming ZANG, Song LI, Xiulan XIN, Qiang ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiang ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166251490554867, articleId=1320166249133355994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=蓝莓提取物抗氧化活性及对t-BHP诱导L-02细胞氧化损伤的保护作用, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为明确蓝莓提取物中绿原酸同系物和花青素的组成及其对人L-02肝细胞的保护作用,本文对15个不同品种、产地和地理位置的蓝莓样品,采用有机溶剂提取和大孔吸附树脂分离的方法制得绿原酸提取物(chlorogenic acid extracts,CGAE)和花青素提取物(anthocyanin extracts,ANTE),在体外开展了自由基清除实验,L-02肝细胞抗氧化酶活实验。结果表明:15个蓝莓样品绿原酸和花青素两种提取物成分的平均含量为:绿原酸>新绿原酸>隐绿原酸>异绿原酸B>异绿原酸A>异绿原酸C,飞燕草素>牵牛花素>芍药色素>锦葵色素>矢车菊素。相关性分析表明:绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸含量与DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率呈显著负相关,与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关,飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷和飞燕草素-3-阿拉伯糖苷含量与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关,与ABTS+自由基清除率呈负相关,但只有飞燕草素-3-阿拉伯糖苷显著,而飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷与ABTS+自由基清除率呈显著正相关,与FRAP、RP呈显著负相关。在矢车菊素、牵牛色素、芍药色素和锦葵色素中,仅矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷与FRAP、RP呈显著负相关,牵牛花素-3-半乳糖苷、牵牛花素-3-阿拉伯糖苷与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关,表明不同品种、不同产地和地理位置的蓝莓,其活性成分含量及抗氧化活性存在显著差异,并利用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)从统计学角度证实了不同品种的化学特征差异,构建细胞水平的功能性验证模型,优化并最终确定了造模条件为350 μmol/L t-BHP处理4 h,在细胞模型中验证了CGAE和ANTE提取物的保护作用,综上,20~60 μg/mL CGAE和15~25 μg/mL ANTE显著降低ROS水平的同时,显著提高GSH-Px和SOD的活性,且ANTE的抗氧化效果显著高于CGAE,本文筛选出高抗氧化活性蓝莓提取物,为蓝莓提取物的抗氧化应用研究提供参考。

, authors=李舜尧1, 郭小妮2, 臧慧明3, 李松1, 辛秀兰1, 张强1, *, authorsList=李舜尧, 郭小妮, 臧慧明, 李松, 辛秀兰, 张强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张强, authorNote=

李舜尧(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:天然产物开发与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张强(1988−),男,博士,工程师,研究方向:小浆果资源利用与加工推广,E-mail:。
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李舜尧(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:天然产物开发与利用,E-mail:

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李舜尧(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:天然产物开发与利用,E-mail:

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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2016, 83: 1191−1202., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166251729630196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166251738018805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, companyId=1320166251729630196, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Biotechnology, Beijing Polytechnic University, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166251746407414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, companyId=1320166251729630196, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京科技职业大学生物工程学院,北京 100176)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166253331854327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166253357020152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, companyId=1320166253331854327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166253365408761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, companyId=1320166253331854327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津 300457)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166253440906234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166253449294843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, companyId=1320166253440906234, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Jilin Province Pulan High-Tech Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166253457683452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, companyId=1320166253440906234, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3吉林省普蓝高科技有限公司,吉林长春 130103)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166255974264871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Relative anthocyanins content percentage in ANTE of 15 blueberries (%), figureFileSmall=CQZ0czAHzWw9m6Za4LuMxQ==, figureFileBig=6DBPo+m5j1yDTp2sOFE/Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166256083316776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图1, caption=15种蓝莓花青素提取物中花色苷含量百分比(%), figureFileSmall=CQZ0czAHzWw9m6Za4LuMxQ==, figureFileBig=6DBPo+m5j1yDTp2sOFE/Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166257870090281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Variance analysis of active ingredient of CGAE and ANTE, figureFileSmall=61m0SF16gTCtlIb+Sx9dNQ==, figureFileBig=eHCkN4F2y6qKtODiVerkPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166257928810538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CGAE和ANTE活性成分差异分析, figureFileSmall=61m0SF16gTCtlIb+Sx9dNQ==, figureFileBig=eHCkN4F2y6qKtODiVerkPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166257995919403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Antioxidant analysis of CGAE, figureFileSmall=P7j9nBv7BGNbFV0cbv63Jw==, figureFileBig=/SjqYS8pKVKMj4//ccUfsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258071416876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图3, caption=蓝莓CGAE抗氧化分析

注:图中数字上方的不同小写字母表示数据差异显著,P<0.05;图4、图7~图11同。

, figureFileSmall=P7j9nBv7BGNbFV0cbv63Jw==, figureFileBig=/SjqYS8pKVKMj4//ccUfsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258146914349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Antioxidant analysis of ANTE, figureFileSmall=HAY3swpWCkL/OWupQKicwg==, figureFileBig=1osVYGynmRP8+eT9lK4ovQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258218217518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图4, caption=蓝莓ANTE抗氧化分析, figureFileSmall=HAY3swpWCkL/OWupQKicwg==, figureFileBig=1osVYGynmRP8+eT9lK4ovQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258276937775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Visualization of the correlation of assay indicator parameters in CAGE and ANTE, figureFileSmall=ufREteGLJtqsFCWDzkmnZA==, figureFileBig=O0AgZ4mV1JbaxwJZUWkYIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258356629552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CAGE和ANTE活性成分与抗氧化指标相关性分析

注:*表示显著性水平,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=ufREteGLJtqsFCWDzkmnZA==, figureFileBig=O0AgZ4mV1JbaxwJZUWkYIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258423738417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Principal component analysis of different components of 15 blueberries, figureFileSmall=l1zMZQoffA6FNQyohvNRPA==, figureFileBig=kKQfmN542CU1A00a0IwYCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258490847282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图6, caption=15种蓝莓活性成分的主成分分析, figureFileSmall=l1zMZQoffA6FNQyohvNRPA==, figureFileBig=kKQfmN542CU1A00a0IwYCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258553761843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Cytotoxicity assay of CGAE and ANTE on L-02 cells, figureFileSmall=LsIavX+2V/qN/+Umjn3Akw==, figureFileBig=WcCZ3mIA0bwAbU/U2DUhHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258646036532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CGAE和ANTE对L-02细胞的细胞毒性试验, figureFileSmall=LsIavX+2V/qN/+Umjn3Akw==, figureFileBig=WcCZ3mIA0bwAbU/U2DUhHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258717339701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of dose and time of t-BHP damaging agent on L-02 cells, figureFileSmall=fwGnA7Gv0f1ntzfywWXrGQ==, figureFileBig=Qxzx4jKu27T2LNuC1X05SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258784448566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图8, caption=t-BHP损伤剂对L-02细胞的影响, figureFileSmall=fwGnA7Gv0f1ntzfywWXrGQ==, figureFileBig=Qxzx4jKu27T2LNuC1X05SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258859946039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Protective effects of CGAE and ANTE on injury to L-02 cells, figureFileSmall=5pLPgxdlyob2nX3mgIfdzQ==, figureFileBig=NtZSMBIXy3CEB0sZbD0CfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258931249208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图9, caption=CGAE和ANTE对L-02细胞损伤的保护作用

注:(a)CGAE对 L-02细胞繁殖活力的影响;(b)ANTE对L-02细胞繁殖活力的影响;(c)CGAE对受t-BHP损伤的L-02细胞的保护作用;(d)ANTE对t-BHP损伤的L-02细胞的保护作用。

, figureFileSmall=5pLPgxdlyob2nX3mgIfdzQ==, figureFileBig=NtZSMBIXy3CEB0sZbD0CfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166258998358073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effects of CGAE and ANTE on ROS in t-BHP-damaged L-02 cells at different treatment times, figureFileSmall=ujtxjQa6su7RE2+qhwQTbQ==, figureFileBig=z9onPBvnrd4Z4QYTdH93/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166259057078330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图10, caption=CGAE和ANTE在不同处理时间对t-BHP损伤的L-02细胞中ROS的影响, figureFileSmall=ujtxjQa6su7RE2+qhwQTbQ==, figureFileBig=z9onPBvnrd4Z4QYTdH93/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166259136770107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Effects of CGAE and ANTE on GSH-Px and SOD activities in L-02 cells after t-BHP injury, figureFileSmall=GsTW0wHH7YihGGN9sJ+SAg==, figureFileBig=+646hrIl4eQnQL5DefdF/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166259195490364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=图11, caption=CGAE 和 ANTE 对 t-BHP 损伤 L-02 细胞GSH-Px和SOD酶活的影响, figureFileSmall=GsTW0wHH7YihGGN9sJ+SAg==, figureFileBig=+646hrIl4eQnQL5DefdF/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166259266793533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample names and origins of germplasm of the preserved 15 blueberries

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号编号品种产地地理位置(经度×纬度)
1B1Oneal湖北省随州市安居镇113°85′E×31°60′N
2B2Sharpblue湖北省随州市安居镇113°85′E×31°60′N
3B3Northland湖北省随州市安居镇113°85′E×31°60′N
4B4Misty湖北省随州市安居镇113°85′E×31°60′N
5B5Oneal湖南省长沙市长沙县113°24′E×28°59′N
6B6Bluecrop湖南省长沙市长沙县113°24′E×28°59′N
7B7Northland湖南省长沙市长沙县113°24′E×28°59′N
8B8Misty湖南省长沙市长沙县113°24′E×28°59′N
9B9Oneal云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
10B10Sharpblue云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
11B11Northland云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
12B12Eureka云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
13B13Misty云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
14B14Powderblue湖北省武汉市江夏区114°35′E×30°09′N
15B15Gardenblue湖北省武汉市江夏区114°35′E×30°09′N
), ArticleFig(id=1320166259333902398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

蓝莓样品名称与产地信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号编号品种产地地理位置(经度×纬度)
1B1Oneal湖北省随州市安居镇113°85′E×31°60′N
2B2Sharpblue湖北省随州市安居镇113°85′E×31°60′N
3B3Northland湖北省随州市安居镇113°85′E×31°60′N
4B4Misty湖北省随州市安居镇113°85′E×31°60′N
5B5Oneal湖南省长沙市长沙县113°24′E×28°59′N
6B6Bluecrop湖南省长沙市长沙县113°24′E×28°59′N
7B7Northland湖南省长沙市长沙县113°24′E×28°59′N
8B8Misty湖南省长沙市长沙县113°24′E×28°59′N
9B9Oneal云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
10B10Sharpblue云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
11B11Northland云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
12B12Eureka云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
13B13Misty云南省丽江市玉龙县100°23′E×26°83′N
14B14Powderblue湖北省武汉市江夏区114°35′E×30°09′N
15B15Gardenblue湖北省武汉市江夏区114°35′E×30°09′N
), ArticleFig(id=1320166259405205567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Method validation data of chlorogenic acid homologues

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文英文保留时间标准曲线回归系数R2线性范围(ng/mL)重复性(RSD,%)回收率(%)检出限(ng/mL)
1绿原酸Chlorogenic acid8.980y=1544.5x−78290.99771.05~5251.2696.670.1
2新绿原酸Neochlorogenic acid10.861y=8533.6x−146830.99931~5004.2599.250.1
3隐绿原酸Cryptochlorogenic acid10.983y=2071.5x−144290.99772.12~10603.3399.050.1
4异绿原酸AIsochlorogenic acid A13.954y=311.91x−111.030.99881.46~7302.7698.540.5
5异绿原酸BIsochlorogenic acid B12.052y=3031.6x−203610.99791.58~7902.68100.670.5
6异绿原酸CIsochlorogenic acid C14.023y=2547.5x−133740.99811~5002.43103.580.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320166259472314432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

绿原酸同系物的方法验证数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文英文保留时间标准曲线回归系数R2线性范围(ng/mL)重复性(RSD,%)回收率(%)检出限(ng/mL)
1绿原酸Chlorogenic acid8.980y=1544.5x−78290.99771.05~5251.2696.670.1
2新绿原酸Neochlorogenic acid10.861y=8533.6x−146830.99931~5004.2599.250.1
3隐绿原酸Cryptochlorogenic acid10.983y=2071.5x−144290.99772.12~10603.3399.050.1
4异绿原酸AIsochlorogenic acid A13.954y=311.91x−111.030.99881.46~7302.7698.540.5
5异绿原酸BIsochlorogenic acid B12.052y=3031.6x−203610.99791.58~7902.68100.670.5
6异绿原酸CIsochlorogenic acid C14.023y=2547.5x−133740.99811~5002.43103.580.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320166259552006209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Content of chlorogenic acid homologs in CGAEs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号绿原酸
(μg/g)
新绿原酸
(μg/g)
隐绿原酸
(μg/g)
异绿原酸A
(×10−2μg/g)
异绿原酸B
(×10−3μg/g)
异绿原酸C
(×10−3μg/g)
B152.97±0.83j17.47±1.89def0.38±0.06g0.33±1.25f0.36±5.77g0.03±4.87fg
B285.05±4.96h41.98±0.88a0.94±0.06c0.46±1.75d0.42±0.20d0.04±3.09de
B3142.38±1.20c22.99±1.09c0.25±0.03h0.31±1.19fg1.32±3.56b0.11±3.10a
B4102.74±1.28f23.04±1.92c0.46±0.04fg0.27±1.03h0.44±5.74c0.06±3.83c
B549.34±3.81j6.67±1.31gh0.25±0.02h0.92±3.48b0.33±3.26h0.04±4.59ef
B691.45±2.57g8.99±1.98g0.73±0.04d0.16±0.60i0.31±9.48i0.04±3.11f
B766.24±3.29i16.24±0.50f0.64±0.06e0.28±1.07gh0.44±5.96c0.06±1.44c
B8115.02±1.20e16.5±1.98ef0.4±0.04g0.02±6.90k0.02±3.24l0.02±2.67h
B989.49±2.57g16.25±1.80f0.45±0.04fg0.02±7.39k0.01±3.28l0.01±2.87i
B10185.18±2.57b23.4±1.98c1.45±0.09a0.29±1.09gh0.26±6.45j0.02±5.25h
B11117.76±2.62e18.95±1.98de0.50±0.05f0.53±2.01c1.46±5.56a0.07±3.57b
B1233.67±0.31k5.45±0.54h0.45±0.05fg0.37±1.41e0.39±4.80f0.05±1.48d
B13231.92±3.81a39.13±1.32b1.06±0.06b1.42±5.38a0.45±1.34c0.03±2.93g
B1481.49±1.20h19.28±1.80d0.46±0.03fg0.38±1.43e0.40±8.14e0.04±2.12fg
B15131.67±2.47d24.11±0.88c0.97±0.03c0.12±4.56j0.16±3.56k0.02±1.64h
), ArticleFig(id=1320166259619115074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166249133355994, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

蓝莓绿原酸提取物中绿原酸同系物的含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号绿原酸
(μg/g)
新绿原酸
(μg/g)
隐绿原酸
(μg/g)
异绿原酸A
(×10−2μg/g)
异绿原酸B
(×10−3μg/g)
异绿原酸C
(×10−3μg/g)
B152.97±0.83j17.47±1.89def0.38±0.06g0.33±1.25f0.36±5.77g0.03±4.87fg
B285.05±4.96h41.98±0.88a0.94±0.06c0.46±1.75d0.42±0.20d0.04±3.09de
B3142.38±1.20c22.99±1.09c0.25±0.03h0.31±1.19fg1.32±3.56b0.11±3.10a
B4102.74±1.28f23.04±1.92c0.46±0.04fg0.27±1.03h0.44±5.74c0.06±3.83c
B549.34±3.81j6.67±1.31gh0.25±0.02h0.92±3.48b0.33±3.26h0.04±4.59ef
B691.45±2.57g8.99±1.98g0.73±0.04d0.16±0.60i0.31±9.48i0.04±3.11f
B766.24±3.29i16.24±0.50f0.64±0.06e0.28±1.07gh0.44±5.96c0.06±1.44c
B8115.02±1.20e16.5±1.98ef0.4±0.04g0.02±6.90k0.02±3.24l0.02±2.67h
B989.49±2.57g16.25±1.80f0.45±0.04fg0.02±7.39k0.01±3.28l0.01±2.87i
B10185.18±2.57b23.4±1.98c1.45±0.09a0.29±1.09gh0.26±6.45j0.02±5.25h
B11117.76±2.62e18.95±1.98de0.50±0.05f0.53±2.01c1.46±5.56a0.07±3.57b
B1233.67±0.31k5.45±0.54h0.45±0.05fg0.37±1.41e0.39±4.80f0.05±1.48d
B13231.92±3.81a39.13±1.32b1.06±0.06b1.42±5.38a0.45±1.34c0.03±2.93g
B1481.49±1.20h19.28±1.80d0.46±0.03fg0.38±1.43e0.40±8.14e0.04±2.12fg
B15131.67±2.47d24.11±0.88c0.97±0.03c0.12±4.56j0.16±3.56k0.02±1.64h
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蓝莓提取物抗氧化活性及对t-BHP诱导L-02细胞氧化损伤的保护作用
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李舜尧 1 , 郭小妮 2 , 臧慧明 3 , 李松 1 , 辛秀兰 1 , 张强 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(14): 420-432
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (14) : 420 -432
蓝莓提取物抗氧化活性及对t-BHP诱导L-02细胞氧化损伤的保护作用
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李舜尧1 , 郭小妮2, 臧慧明3, 李松1, 辛秀兰1, 张强1, *
作者信息
  • 1北京科技职业大学生物工程学院,北京 100176
  • 2天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津 300457
  • 3吉林省普蓝高科技有限公司,吉林长春 130103
通讯作者:
张强(1988−),男,博士,工程师,研究方向:小浆果资源利用与加工推广,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李舜尧(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:天然产物开发与利用,E-mail:

Antioxidant Activity of Blueberry Extract and Its Protection Effect on t-BHP-induced Oxidative Damage of L-02 Cells
Shunyao LI1 , Xiaoni GUO2, Huiming ZANG3, Song LI1, Xiulan XIN1, Qiang ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Biotechnology, Beijing Polytechnic University, Beijing 100176, China
  • 2College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • 3Jilin Province Pulan High-Tech Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050250
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为明确蓝莓提取物中绿原酸同系物和花青素的组成及其对人L-02肝细胞的保护作用,本文对15个不同品种、产地和地理位置的蓝莓样品,采用有机溶剂提取和大孔吸附树脂分离的方法制得绿原酸提取物(chlorogenic acid extracts,CGAE)和花青素提取物(anthocyanin extracts,ANTE),在体外开展了自由基清除实验,L-02肝细胞抗氧化酶活实验。结果表明:15个蓝莓样品绿原酸和花青素两种提取物成分的平均含量为:绿原酸>新绿原酸>隐绿原酸>异绿原酸B>异绿原酸A>异绿原酸C,飞燕草素>牵牛花素>芍药色素>锦葵色素>矢车菊素。相关性分析表明:绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸含量与DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率呈显著负相关,与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关,飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷和飞燕草素-3-阿拉伯糖苷含量与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关,与ABTS+自由基清除率呈负相关,但只有飞燕草素-3-阿拉伯糖苷显著,而飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷与ABTS+自由基清除率呈显著正相关,与FRAP、RP呈显著负相关。在矢车菊素、牵牛色素、芍药色素和锦葵色素中,仅矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷与FRAP、RP呈显著负相关,牵牛花素-3-半乳糖苷、牵牛花素-3-阿拉伯糖苷与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关,表明不同品种、不同产地和地理位置的蓝莓,其活性成分含量及抗氧化活性存在显著差异,并利用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)从统计学角度证实了不同品种的化学特征差异,构建细胞水平的功能性验证模型,优化并最终确定了造模条件为350 μmol/L t-BHP处理4 h,在细胞模型中验证了CGAE和ANTE提取物的保护作用,综上,20~60 μg/mL CGAE和15~25 μg/mL ANTE显著降低ROS水平的同时,显著提高GSH-Px和SOD的活性,且ANTE的抗氧化效果显著高于CGAE,本文筛选出高抗氧化活性蓝莓提取物,为蓝莓提取物的抗氧化应用研究提供参考。

蓝莓  /  绿原酸同系物  /  花青素  /  抗氧化  /  细胞氧化损伤  /  保护作用

To elucidate the composition of chlorogenic acid homologs and anthocyanins in blueberry extracts and their protective effects on human L-02 hepatocytes, the present study utilized organic solvent extraction and macroporous adsorption resin separation to prepare chlorogenic acid extracts (CGAE) and anthocyanin extracts (ANTE) from 15 blueberry samples of distinct cultivars, origins, and geographical locations. In vitro experiments were conducted to assess free radical scavenging capacity and evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in L-02 hepatocytes. The results showed that chlorogenic acid>neochlorogenic acid>cryptochlorogenic acid>isochlorogenic acid B>isochlorogenic acid A>isochlorogenic acid C and delphinidin>petunidin>peonidin>malvidin>cyanidin in the average content of chlorogenic acids and anthocyanins in 15 blueberry samples. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid were significantly negatively correlated with DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging rates, and significantly positively correlated with FRAP and RP. The contents of delphinidin-3-galactoside and delphinidin-3-arabinoside were significantly positively correlated with FRAP and RP, and negatively correlated with ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, but only the correlation for delphinidin-3-arabinoside was significant. In contrast, delphinidin-3-glucoside was significantly positively correlated with ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, and significantly negatively correlated with FRAP and RP. Among cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin, only cyanidin-3-glucoside was significantly negatively correlated with FRAP and RP, while petunidin-3-galactoside and petunidin-3-arabinoside were significantly positively correlated with FRAP and RP. The results indicated that the active component content and antioxidant activity of blueberries varied significantly depending on the different cultivars, growing regions, and geographical origins. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to statistically validate the distinct chemotypic profiles among different varieties. A functional validation model at the cellular level was established, and the optimal induction conditions were determined as treatment with 350 μmol/L t-BHP for 4 hours. Using this optimized model, the protective effects of both CGAE and ANTE extracts were rigorously evaluated. In summary, 20~60 μg/mL CGAE and 15~25 μg/mL ANTE significantly reduced ROS levels while significantly increasing the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, and the antioxidant effect of ANTE was significantly higher than that of CGAE. This study screened blueberry extracts with high antioxidant activity, providing a reference for research on the antioxidant applications of blueberry extracts.

blueberry  /  chlorogenic acid homologues  /  anthocyanin  /  antioxidant activity  /  cellular oxidative damage  /  protective effect
李舜尧, 郭小妮, 臧慧明, 李松, 辛秀兰, 张强. 蓝莓提取物抗氧化活性及对t-BHP诱导L-02细胞氧化损伤的保护作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 420 -432 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050250
Shunyao LI, Xiaoni GUO, Huiming ZANG, Song LI, Xiulan XIN, Qiang ZHANG. Antioxidant Activity of Blueberry Extract and Its Protection Effect on t-BHP-induced Oxidative Damage of L-02 Cells[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 420 -432 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050250
蓝莓是一种风味独特的小浆果,从20世纪80年代开始推广种植,2020~2024年,我国蓝莓种植面积由6.64万hm2增至9.59万hm2,产量由34.72万t增至78万t[1]。蓝莓逐渐成为人们喜爱的水果,销售市场仍有巨大的上升空间[2]。因此,在蓝莓市场不断扩大的同时,开发和利用蓝莓加工(如果汁、果酱生产)过程中产生的果皮、果渣等副产品势在必行[3−4]。
蓝莓果实营养丰富,含有有机酸[5]、酚酸[6]、类黄酮[7]、花青素[8]等生物活性成分,具有抗氧化[9]、抑制癌细胞增殖和迁移[10−11]等作用。大量文献已证实,在蓝莓丰富的多酚类物质中,绿原酸是蓝莓中含量最高、占比最大的酚酸类物质[12],绿原酸(chlorogenic acid,CA),别名3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸,是奎宁酸与咖啡酸脱水缩合形成的一种酯类化合物[13]。尽管异绿原酸A、B、C等在蓝莓中含量较低,但结构的差异,如咖啡酰基的数量、位置以及羟基肉桂酸的种类,已被广泛证实会显著影响其生物活性,因此不同绿原酸同系物因其结构差异可能具有不同的生物活性和功效[14−15]。花青素是使其呈现独特蓝色并贡献其最主要抗氧化活性的关键成分,因蓝莓基因型不同,组成也不同,目前文献报道蓝莓中检出的花青素有近百种,包括单糖化、乙酰化、氯化、甲基化形成的飞燕草素、矢车菊素、锦葵色素、芍药色素、矮牵牛素、天竺葵素[16−17]。二者共同构成了蓝莓抗氧化及其他生理活性的物质基础。因此,对其进行精准的定性与定量分析,对于全面评价蓝莓提取物的质量、阐明其功效物质基础具有重要意义。
抗氧化功能是评价生物成分活性的重要方式,目前针对蓝莓花青素提取物的研究主要集中在抗氧化活性及其对氧化损伤的保护作用方面。已有研究通过多种体外和体内模型,包括人肝癌细胞HepG2[18]、大鼠糖尿病模型[19]、丙烯酰胺诱导小鼠模型[20]、维生素E缺乏大鼠模型[21]及HaCaT细胞模型[22],证实蓝莓花青素能够显著提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)等抗氧化酶的活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)、H2O2和THF-α等氧化应激标志物水平,并对化学诱导或营养缺乏所致的细胞损伤具有保护作用。然而,现有研究仍存在若干尚未解决的问题:不同蓝莓品种、提取物剂量及成分差异对效果的影响尚需系统比较。
不同品种蓝莓的干燥、浓缩、纯化等提取方法会影响提取物中有效成分的含量,从而影响自由基和细胞的活性。野生蓝莓的生物活性成分种类和含量均高于人工驯化品种,以美登为代表的短丛蓝莓的有效成分含量高于我国高从蓝莓[23−24]。此外,Muñoz-fariña等[25]以生物可利用性为评价指标,对比冻干(9.4 mmol TE/g DW)和渗透脱水(4.0 mmol TE/g DW)后发现,对流干燥(29.1 mmol TE/g DW)能更好地保存总多酚、总花青素和抗氧化能力。
本文将研究蓝莓中绿原酸同系物提取物和花青素提取物的组成及其与四种自由基抗氧化性的相关性,并评价其对t-BHP损伤的L-02人正常肝细胞的保护作用,旨在为蓝莓的开发利用提供数据支持和理论依据。
甲酸、乙醇 优级纯,北京化学试剂研究所有限责任公司;甲醇、乙腈(色谱纯)、12孔板、24孔板 赛默飞世尔科技公司;2,2'-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼 上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司;抗坏血酸、磷酸氢二钠、铁氰化钾、三氯乙酸、醋酸钠、六水合氯化铁、七水合硫酸亚铁 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;噻唑蓝(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT) 美国Greiner公司;t-BHP、DCFH-DA 美国Sigma公司;L-02细胞系、RPMI 1640培养基 武汉益普生物有限公司;AB-8树脂 沧州宝恩吸附材料科技有限公司;青霉素与链霉素双抗混合液 美国Greiner公司;SOD酶试剂盒、GSH-Px酶试剂盒 南京建成生物试剂公司;蓝莓果实采摘期为各地区成熟期,采摘后样品冷冻至−20 ℃,第2 d运至北京科技职业大学生物工程学院,于−80 ℃条件下保存,确保蓝莓采摘保存条件一致。样品信息如表1所示。
ELX800酶标仪 美国伯腾仪器有限公司;Fresco 21离心机、−80 ℃冷冻柜 赛默飞世尔科技公司;Triple Quad 5500+质谱仪 美国AB Sciex公司;TD5A-WS离心机 金坛区金南仪器制造有限公司;T 25 easy clean digital ULTRA-TURRAX分散机 广州艾卡仪器设备有限公司;GL-88B涡旋混合器 海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司;HK5200超声波清洗器 昆山禾创超声仪器有限公司;B-300baseBUCHI旋转蒸发仪 瑞士步琦公司;Pilot7-12E真空冷冻干燥机 北京博医康仪器有限公司;Nikon ECLIPSE TS100尼康倒置显微镜 日本Nikon公司;WB-2000水浴锅 郑州长城科工贸有限公司;CO2培养箱 美国Thermo公司。
为优化提取工艺并为后续细胞实验制备统一标准的提取物,本研究选取活性成分含量较高的B13品种为代表进行蓝莓提取物的制备。蓝莓绿原酸提取物(chlorogenic acid extracts,CGAE):取成熟度一致的B13完整果实,与30%的乙醇水溶液以1:25 g/mL的比例在组织破碎机中匀浆10 min,匀浆转速为12000 r/min,然后以3500 r/min的转速离心10 min,上清液在80 mBar真空度、45 ℃条件下旋转蒸发,浓缩后用高纯度氮气吹干。
蓝莓花青素提取物(anthocyanin extracts,ANTE):取成熟度一致的B13完整果实,与90%的乙醇水溶液以1:25 g/mL的比例在组织破碎机中匀浆10 min,匀浆转速为12000 r/min,然后以3500 r/min的转速离心10 min,收集上清液,注入AB-8大孔吸附树脂层析柱中纯化,纯水清洗杂质,乙醇洗脱,洗脱液在80 mBar真空度、45 ℃条件下旋转蒸发,浓缩液分装于蒸发皿中,−80 ℃冷冻干燥。
参考Figueira等[26]的方法,称取约100 mg蓝莓绿原酸或花青素提取物,与50 mL甲酸:水(0.2:99.8,v/v)混匀,在25 ℃下均质30 min,然后在20 ℃下超声水浴30 min,并在12000 r/min下离心10 min。残留物加入50 mL 0.2%甲酸水溶液再次萃取,离心后合并上清液,使用去离子水定容至100 mL。吸取1 mL样品,经0.22 μm滤膜过滤后,用HPLC系统和配备负离子模式电喷雾源的Triple Quad 5500+进行HPLC-ESI-MSMS分析。使用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,粒径1.8 µm)进行分离。流动相为水(A)和乙腈(B)的混合物,甲酸含量均为0.1%,流速为0.2 mL/min,采用梯度洗脱模式。流动相的组成变化如下:0~2 min,20% B;2~15 min,80% B;15~23 min,100% B,进样量为3 µL。色谱柱温度为30 ℃,温度为500 ℃。帘式气体为30,碰撞气体为9,离子喷雾电压为4500 V。检测采用动态多反应监测模式,负离子监测模式测定绿原酸同系物,采用外标法定量,正离子监测模式测定花色苷,采用归一化面积法定量,表2列出了绿原酸同系物的定性定量参数。
根据Gao等[27]的方法测定DPPH自由基清除率。将样品溶液(50 µL)和DPPH试剂(0.1 mmol/L,0.2 mL)混合,在25 ℃下孵育60 min。然后使用多检测微孔板阅读器在517 nm(Ax)处测量吸光度。对照组用相同体积的甲醇和DPPH试剂混合(A0)。根据DPPH自由基清除率公式和样品清除DPPH自由基的IC50分析蓝莓的抗氧化活性。
$\rm DPPH自由基清除率(\text{%})= \frac{\mathrm{A}_0-\text{Ax}}{\mathrm{A}_0}\times 100 $
式中:Ax表示样品在517 nm吸光度值;A0表示对照组在517 nm吸光度值。
根据Thaipong等[28]的方法测定ABTS+自由基清除率。将样品溶液(20 µL)加入ABTS溶液(0.14 mmol/L,180 µL)中,在37 ℃避光条件下放置30 min,记录734 nm吸光度(Ax)。对照组混合相同体积的乙醇和ABTS试剂,测量吸光度作为对照(A0)。根据ABTS+自由基清除率公式和样品清除ABTS+自由基的IC50分析蓝莓的抗氧化活性。
$\rm ABTS^+自由基清除率(\text{%})= \frac{\mathrm{A}_0-\text{Ax}}{\mathrm{A}_0}\times 100 $
式中:Ax表示样品在517 nm吸光度值;A0表示对照组在517 nm吸光度值。
根据Gao等[27]的方法测定FRAP(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)。每份样品溶液(20 µL)加入180 µL FRAP试剂(10 mmol/L三哒嗪溶液:0.3 mol/L醋酸钠缓冲溶液:20 mmol/L FeCl3·6H2O溶液的体积比=1:10:1,35 ℃水浴孵育30 min)。然后,将反应混合物在30 ℃下暗处孵育10 min。然后在593 nm波长处测定吸光度y。铁还原抗氧化能力以硫酸亚铁浓度x当量μmol/100 g表示,硫酸亚铁标准曲线为y=0.1557x+0.0821,R2=0.9976。
还原力(reducing power,RP)的测定参考Wang等[29]的方法,1.25 mL磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.2 mmol/L,pH6.6)和1.25 mL铁氰化钾(1%)加入0.5 mL样品溶液中,在50 ℃水浴中孵育20 min。孵育后,加入2.5 mL冰冷的三氯乙酸(10%),高速(3000 r/min)离心10 min,在2.5 mL上清液中加入2.5 mL蒸馏水。加入0.5 mL 0.1%氯化铁,10 min后在700 nm波长处读取吸光度y。用水代替样品溶液作为空白对照。还原力测定以维生素C浓度x当量μmol/100 g表示,维生素C标准曲线为y=7.8545x+0.0333,R2=0.9975。
L-02细胞在含有10%胎牛血清、链霉素(100 μg/mL)和青霉素(100单位/mL)的RPMI1640培养基中培养,37 ℃、5% CO2的湿润环境中培养48 h。
参考柏志全等[30]的方法,采用MTT比色法评价L-02细胞活力,将L-02细胞以1.8×105个/孔的密度接种到96孔板中,每孔200 μL,于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养24 h。弃去上清液。培养24 h后,用100 μL含有不同浓度CGAE(2.5~300 μg/mL)和ANTE(0.625~300 μg/mL)的生长培养基孵育细胞24 h。孵育结束后,每孔加入20 μL MTT溶液(5 mg/mL,用无菌PBS配制),在37 ℃、5% CO2条件下继续孵育4 h。小心吸弃上清液,每孔加入150 μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),置于摇床上低速振荡10 min,使紫色甲臜结晶充分溶解。使用酶标仪在490 nm波长处测量吸光度,细胞活力按以下公式计算。
$\rm \mathrm{细胞活力(\text{%})=\frac{实验组吸光度值}{空白对照组吸光度值}\times 100} $
参考雷鸣等[31]的方法,将L-02细胞以1.8×105个/孔的密度接种于96孔板中。培养24 h后,用200 μL含不同浓度CGAE(2.5~300 μg/mL)或ANTE(0.625~300 μg/mL)的生长培养基孵育细胞12 h,然后加入200 μL t-BHP(350 μmol/L)4 h。
L-02细胞复苏后,接种于24孔板中,每孔加约1.5×105个,培养24 h后,模型组、阴性对照组不加药,加2 mL基础培养基,实验组依次加入2 mL 20 μg/mL CGAE1、40 μg/mL CGAE2、60 μg/mL CGAE3、80 μg/mL CGAE4、100 μg/mL CGAE5、5 μg/mL ANTE1、10 μg/mL ANTE2、15 μg/mL ANTE3、20 μg/mL ANTE4、25 μg/mL ANTE5。预处理12 h后,PBS润洗一次,每孔均加入10 μmol/L DCFH-DA,孵育45 min。药物组和模型组再加入2 mL 350 μmol/L t-BHP溶液(阴性组用2 mL培养基代替)处理1、2、2.5、3、3.5 h。加PBS润洗细胞两次,洗净PBS后,精确加入200 μL PBS。用冻融法收集细胞样液,取100 μL用荧光酶标仪测定荧光强度。
L-02细胞复苏后,接种于12孔板中,每孔加约3×105个,培养24 h后,模型组和阴性对照组不加药,加2 mL基础培养基,实验组加20 μg/mL CGAE1、40 μg/mL CGAE2、60 μg/mL CGAE3、15 μg/mL ANTE3、20 μg/mL ANTE4、25 μg/mL ANTE5。预处理12 h后,阴性模型组外,药物组和模型组均加入2 mL 350 μmol/L t-BHP溶液处理2 h。贴壁细胞添加PBS润洗两次,洗净PBS后加入500 μL PBS,用冻融法收集细胞样液。测定方法参照南京建成试剂盒说明书。
每个样品取三个平行进行分析,结果以平均值±标准差(SD)表示。蓝莓果实之间的差异采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05为显著统计学意义。统计分析使用了SPSSv20.0、Cytoscape 3.9.1和Origin 2021。
通过高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪,应用多反应监测模式鉴定蓝莓样品中6种绿原酸同源物的含量,如表3所示。
蓝莓样品中绿原酸同系物的平均含量为:绿原酸>新绿原酸>隐绿原酸>异绿原酸A>异绿原酸B>异绿原酸C。绿原酸和新绿原酸是含量最高的两种绿原酸类成分,二者合计占6种绿原酸同系物总量的98.80%。15个蓝莓样品中,绿原酸含量最高的是B13(231.92 μg/g),新绿原酸含量的变幅为5.45~41.98 μg/g,最高的是B2(41.98 μg/g)。隐绿原酸含量的变幅为0.25~1.45 μg/g,最高的是B10(1.45 μg/g),最低的是B5(0.25 μg/g)。其他3种绿原酸同源物的含量均低于0.5 μg/g,含量较低。
本研究基于AB Sciex公司花青素质谱库,根据一、二级质谱碎片,采用多反应监测模式在15个ANTEs中共鉴定出13种花色苷单体,根据碎片丰度,采用归一化面积法分析花色苷的组成及比例,如图1所示。
蓝莓样品中花青素的平均含量为:飞燕草素>牵牛花素>芍药色素>锦葵色素>矢车菊素,花色苷含量最高的是矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、芍药色素-3-葡萄糖苷,三者占总花青素含量的47.32%,样品间RSD值依次为26.96%、49.38%和26.19%。上述RSD反映15个不同蓝莓品种间特定花色苷单体的积累能力存在明显差异。B5和B9没有检测到矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷,B14和B15锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷和锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷。
15个蓝莓样品中6种绿原酸同源物和13种花青素含量的差异如火山图所示。
如图2(a)所示,6种绿原酸同源物差异显著(P<0.05),在火山图中均匀分布,绿原酸和异绿原酸B在样品间差异最大,P值显著性最高,异绿原酸C在样品间差异最小,P值显著性最低。13种花青素的火山图如图2(b)所示,蓝莓样品中差异和显著性最大的是矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷,样品间差异和显著性最小的是飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷、芍药色素-3-半乳糖苷、牵牛花素-3-半乳糖苷。
如图3(a)所示,15个样品的ABTS+自由基清除IC50平均值为41.10 mg/mL,其中,B13和B10的IC50最低,分别为17.78和25.18 mg/mL,表明二者清除ABTS+自由基的能力最强;而B12和B5的IC50最高,分别为67.07和64.30 mg/mL,表明二者清除ABTS+自由基的能力最弱。15个样品的DPPH自由基清除IC50平均值为26.96 mg/mL,B13和B10的IC50最低,平均为13.60 mg/mL,表明二者清除DPPH自由基的能力最强;而B12和B5的IC50最高,分别为42.03和40.98 mg/mL,表明二者清除DPPH自由基的能力最弱。
FRAP的抗氧化活性如图3(b)所示,15个样品的平均自由基清除活性当量为1573.15 μmol/100 g。B13和B10的FRAP值最高,分别为3072.9 μmol/100 g和3152.96 μmol/10 0g,表明二者的铁离子还原能力最强;而B12和B5的FRAP值最低,分别为547.58 μmol/100 g和802.11 μmol/100 g,表明二者的铁离子还原能力最弱。RP抗氧化活性评价显示,15种CGAE的平均自由基清除活性为968.31 mg/100 g,B13的RP值最高2062.06 mg/100 g,表明其还原能力最强;而B14、B12和B5的RP值最低,分别为363.26、528.31和538.16 mg/100 g,表明其还原能力最弱。综合四种抗氧化指数,在15种CGAE样品中,B13、B10综合抗氧化能力最为突出。
ANTE清除及还原4种自由基的抗氧化分析如图4所示。
如图4(a)所示,15个样品的ABTS+自由基清除IC50平均值为9.28 mg/mL。其中B9和B13的IC50最低,分别为4.65 mg/mL和5.08 mg/mL,表明二者清除ABTS+自由基的能力最强;而B15和B4的IC50最高,分别为18.27和16.43 mg/mL,表明二者清除ABTS+自由基的能力最弱。15个样品的DPPH自由基清除IC50平均值为3.10 mg/mL,B9和B13的IC50最低,平均为1.71 mg/mL,表明二者清除DPPH自由基的能力最强;而B15和B4的IC50最高,分别为2.92和4.43 mg/mL,表明二者清除DPPH自由基的能力最弱。
FRAP的抗氧化活性如图4(b)所示,15个样品的平均自由基清除当量为4465.06 μmol/100 g。B9和B13的FRAP值最高,分别为7346.11和6463.32 μmol/100 g,表明二者的铁离子还原能力最强;而B4和B15的FRAP值最低,分别为2504.37和2631.09 μmol/100 g,表明二者的铁离子还原能力最弱。RP抗氧化活性评价显示,15个样品的平均自由基清除当量为3082.01 mg/100 g,B9和B13的RP值最高,分别为4739.86和4665.70 mg/100 g,表明二者的还原能力最强;而B4和B7的RP值最低,分别为1627.32和2463.71 mg/100 g,表明二者的还原能力最弱。
在ABTS+和DPPH自由基清除实验中,ANTE的IC50值均低于CGAE,表明ANTE在单位浓度下对自由基的清除效率更高。综合四种抗氧化评价指标,在15个ANTE样品中,B9和B13的抗氧化活性显著优于其他样品,B1和B2在部分指标上也表现出较好的活性。
绿原酸同源物与抗氧化活性的相关性分析见图5a,绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸含量与DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率呈显著(P<0.05)负相关,与FRAP、RP呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,而异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C与抗氧化活性均无显著相关性。CGAE中绿原酸与FRAP和RP的相关系数大于新绿原酸和隐绿原酸,新绿原酸与ABTS+和DPPH自由基清除率的相关系数大于绿原酸和隐绿原酸。花色苷与抗氧化活性的相关性分析见图5b。飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷和飞燕草素-3-阿拉伯糖苷含量与FRAP、RP呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,与ABTS+自由基清除率呈负相关,但只有飞燕草素-3-阿拉伯糖苷显著(P<0.05),而飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷与ABTS+自由基清除率呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,与FRAP、RP呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。在矢车菊素、牵牛色素、芍药色素和锦葵色素中,仅矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷与FRAP、RP呈显著(P<0.05)负相关,牵牛花素-3-半乳糖苷、牵牛花素-3-阿拉伯糖苷与FRAP、RP呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,其余均与抗氧化活性无显著性相关。在ANTE中,花青素以飞燕草素为主,占总量的41.24%,其次是牵牛色素,占20.68%。
15个蓝莓样品的19个检测指标主成分分析结果如图6所示:PC1和PC2的方差贡献率分别为37.59%和14.40%。不同蓝莓样品的得分分布较为分散,其中B14和B15在PC1正半轴具有较高得分,B9、B1和B5在PC1负半轴具有较高得分,B3在PC2正半轴具有较高得分,而B10和B13在PC2负半轴具有较高得分。综合载荷分布来看,PC1主要与绿原酸同系物相关,PC2主要与花青素相关。在19个检测指标中,隐绿原酸、绿原酸、新绿原酸在PC1上具有较高的负载荷,表明它们与PC1呈较强的负相关;而飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、牵牛色素-3-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷在PC2上具有较高的正载荷,表明它们与PC2呈较强的正相关。
图7(a)显示了CGAE对L-02细胞的细胞毒性检测结果。结果表明,当CGAE浓度为100 μg/mL时,L-02细胞的存活率为86%;当CGAE浓度为150 μg/mL时,L-02细胞的存活率仅为33%。当CGAE浓度超过200 μg/mL时,细胞毒性的差异并不显著。ANTE对L-02细胞的细胞毒性检测见图7(b),浓度为2.5~10 μg/mL的ANTE可促进L-02细胞增殖,而浓度为20~75 μg/mL的ANTE则对L-02细胞有毒性。ANTE浓度超过75 μg/mL时对细胞的毒性较强,细胞存活率低于20%。因此,在随后的细胞损伤保护作用研究中,选择了浓度为20、40、60、80、100 μg/mL的CGAE和浓度为5、10、15、20、25 μg/mL的ANTE,并分别编码为CGAE1、CGAE2、CGAE3、CGAE4、CGAE5、ANTE1、ANTE2、ANTE3、ANTE4、ANTE5。
图8显示了t-BHP损伤剂的剂量和时间对L-02细胞的影响。结果表明,当浓度低于200 μmol/L时,t-BHP在1~4 h内不会对细胞造成毒性。当t-BHP浓度为1000 μmol/L时,1~2 h内细胞损伤不明显,细胞存活率大于87%,这表明t-BHP在短时间内对细胞损伤的影响有限。在3~4 h内,细胞损伤受t-BHP浓度的影响,当t-BHP浓度大于300 μmol/L时,损伤有显著差异。因此,结合损伤剂的浓度、损伤时间和损伤效果,选择t-BHP浓度为350 μmol/L和处理时间为4 h作为构建后续细胞损伤保护模型的操作参数。
CGAE和ANTE对细胞的保护作用如图9。图9(a)和图9(b)显示CGAE和ANTE对L-02细胞的繁殖有促进作用,其中CGAE2孵育12 h的L-02细胞存活率为117%,细胞存活率最高;ANTE3孵育12 h的L-02细胞存活率为118%,细胞存活率最高。CGAE和ANTE保护T-BHP损伤模型如图9(c)和图9(d)所示,CGAE2的存活率最高,为63%;ANTE3、ANTE4、ANTE5的存活率较高,均超过59%。结果表明,CGAE和ANTE对t-BHP损伤的L-02细胞具有保护作用,其中CGAE2、ANTE3、ANTE4和ANTE5对细胞的保护作用最为显著。
图10显示了350 μmol/L t-BHP处理细胞不同时间后细胞内总ROS的相对值。结果表明,350 μmol/L t-BHP损伤L-02细胞2 h后,M组细胞内ROS最高,CGAE组和ANTE组细胞内ROS总量低于M组,CGAE组与CK组相近,说明CGAE和ANTE均能清除ROS,且CGAE清除t-BHP损伤L-02细胞内ROS的效果优于ANTE。
图11显示了t-BHP损伤后L-02细胞胞内GSH-Px和SOD的活性。结果表明,350 μmol/L t-BHP处理2 h后,L-02细胞的GSH-Px活性显著(P<0.05)下降。CGAE组和ANTE组的GSH-Px活性明显高于M组(26.29 U/mg prot),其中CGAE3和ANTE5的活性较高,ANTE5(49.01 U/mg)高于CGAE3(46.94 U/mg)。T-BHP损伤后,L-02细胞的SOD活性降低,CGAE组和ANTE组的SOD活性高于M组(74.45 U/mL),其中CGAE3和ANTE5的活性最高,ANTE5(82.07 U/mL)高于CGAE3(80.78 U/mL),但差异不显著。结果表明,CGAE和ANTE均能保护t-BHP损伤L-02细胞的GSH-Px和SOD活性,且ANTE的效果优于CGAE。
本研究在15种蓝莓果皮和果肉中分别制备具有高花色苷和绿原酸同系物含量的蓝莓特征性提取物。Connor等[32]研究了9种蓝莓,基因型和栽培环境显著影响蓝莓总花色苷的含量,发现蓝金和北陆两个品种抗氧化活性最高,其他学者在对多种蓝莓的研究中分别发现‘北春’[33]、‘北蓝’和‘北陆’[34]、‘园蓝’[35]是各自研究中抗氧化活性最高的蓝莓品种。本文选取4个蓝莓产区的15种蓝莓,以ABTS+、DPPH自由基清除率、FRAP、RP与抗氧化性能相关的指标为评价依据,研究发现,在15个绿原酸提取物中,长沙‘Misty’、丽江‘Sharpblue’、丽江‘Misty’抗氧化活性最高;在15个花青素提取物中,随州‘Oneal’、随州‘Sharpblue’、丽江‘Oneal’、丽江‘Misty’抗氧化活性最高,不同品种和不同产地对蓝莓抗氧化活性的影响存在显著性差异,这与文献[32−35]报道相一致。吕玲珠[36]研究发现蓝莓的抗氧化活性与总花色苷含量没有显著的量效关系,而与不同品种间花色苷组分、结构及其含量有关。绿原酸是V. ashei蓝莓杂交衍生物中抗氧化活性最显著的成分,占总抗氧化活性的62.5%,而花青素是兔眼品种和北高丛品种抗氧化活性的主要成分[37],分别占总抗氧化活性的76.2%和76.8%。本文在研究活性成分与抗氧化活性相关性时发现,在15种绿原酸提取物中,绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸含量与DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率呈显著负相关,与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关;在15种花青素提取物中,绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸含量与DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率呈显著负相关,与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关,飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷和飞燕草素-3-阿拉伯糖苷含量与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关,与ABTS+自由基清除率呈负相关,但只有飞燕草素-3-阿拉伯糖苷显著,而飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷与ABTS+自由基清除率呈显著正相关,与FRAP、RP呈显著负相关。在矢车菊素、牵牛色素、芍药色素和锦葵色素中,仅矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷与FRAP、RP呈显著负相关,牵牛花素-3-半乳糖苷、牵牛花素-3-阿拉伯糖苷与FRAP、RP呈显著正相关,这与文献[36−37]类似。不同品种、产地及地理位置的蓝莓样品在其活性成分组成与抗氧化活性上存在显著差异。这种差异存在的原因在于基因型和环境因子的共同作用,二者通过影响次生代谢途径,决定了活性成分的合成与积累。
不同栽培品种拥有其独特的遗传背景,这直接决定了其合成特定酚类物质(如绿原酸同系物)和花青素单体(如飞燕草素、锦葵素)的代谢途径的强弱与效率[38]。某些品种可能具有更高效的二羟基B环花青素(如飞燕草素)合成途径,而另一些品种则可能更倾向于积累三羟基或甲基化衍生物(如锦葵素)。这直接解释了为何PCA分析中,PC2能够成功地将B9,B13和B1依据其花青素特征成分进行有效区分。在本研究中,同一产地(如云南丽江)的不同品种(如B9 ‘Oneal’与B13 ‘Misty’),其活性成分含量与抗氧化活性呈现显著差异,这正是基因型起主导作用的直接证据。
与此同时,环境因子则扮演着关键的“调控者”角色。产地的气候、土壤、海拔等差异构成了所谓的“风土效应”,通过胁迫刺激影响植物的次生代谢。光照(光强与光质)是影响花青素合成的关键环境信号。较高的光照强度(特别是紫外光UV-B)能显著上调花青素生物合成相关基因的表达,促进其积累以保护植物组织免受光损伤。温差(较大的昼夜温差)有助于白天光合产物的大量积累,并在低温的夜晚减缓呼吸消耗,为合成酚酸和花青素等次生代谢产物提供更充足的前体物质[39−40]。本研究中,同一品种(如‘Misty’)在不同产地(湖北随州B4与云南丽江B13)表现出明显不同的成分,丽江产区的样品在多项指标上表现更优。这可能与云南丽江较高的海拔、更强的紫外线辐射以及显著的昼夜温差等环境条件更利于活性成分的积累。PCA分析中,PC1更多地与绿原酸同系物相关,而B10(丽江‘Sharpblue’)和B13(丽江‘Misty’)在PC2上呈现负相关并与其他品种显著区分。这表明,丽江产区的特定环境条件放大了B10和B13这两个特定基因型在花青素合成上的内在优势,促使植物合成更多的酚类物质以应对环境胁迫,最终转化为其卓越的抗氧化活性,使得它们最终成为综合表现最优的品种。这对于指导蓝莓优良品种选育、规范化种植基地的选址以及生产高质量、高附加值的功能性食品原料具有重要的理论与实践意义。
在对不同提取方法的研究中发现,离心溶剂萃取法生产的蓝莓提取物与酶提取法和超声波提取法相比,提取效率高、纯度高,能有效降低蓝莓花青素的氧化分解[41]。蓝莓粗提取物的含量与ABTS+自由基清除率呈剂量反应关系,纯化的多酚提取物和花青素提取物的ABTS+自由基清除率分别是粗提取物的2.36倍和2.55倍[42]。本研究采用大孔吸附树脂AB-8纯化ANTE,测定了15份蓝莓样品中的6种绿原酸同系物和13种花青素。在ABTS+、DPPH自由基清除率、FRAP、RP等抗氧化性评价中,CGAE和ANTE均显示出显著的抗氧化活性。
本研究在检测不同绿原酸提取物以及同系物时发现,尽管蓝莓绿原酸提取物(CGAE)中,绿原酸和新绿原酸是含量上的绝对主导成分,构成了其抗氧化活性的主要物质基础,但我们不能因此忽视微量同系物,如异绿原酸A、B、C的潜在贡献。这些同系物含量虽低,但在多种绿原酸同系物共存时,其抗氧化效果并非简单的加和关系,而是可能通过以下机制产生“1+1>2”的协同效果,有研究表明这种协同效果可能是再生机制一种酚类物质在中和自由基后自身被氧化为活性较低的酚氧自由基,另一种具有更低氧化电位的同系物可以为其提供氢原子,使其再生还原,从而形成一个高效的抗氧化循环网络,显著延长整体的抗氧化持续时间[43]。也有报道认为协同机制是不同机制靶点间的互补,不同结构的同系物可能偏好不同的抗氧化机制。例如,某些同系物可能更擅长直接清除自由基,而另一些可能更善于螯合金属离子(如Fe2+、Cu2+),后者是催化脂质过氧化链式反应的关键因子。通过多靶点攻击,它们能更全面地抑制氧化应激[44]。特定微量同系物可能因其独特的结构而具有异常高的本征抗氧化活性。尽管其绝对含量低,但其单位分子的抗氧化效率(如ORAC值)可能远高于主要成分。因此,它们的“质量效应”虽小,但“活性贡献”却可能远超其含量比例[45]。此外,这些微量成分可能作为激活特定信号通路的关键激动剂,在极低浓度下即可启动细胞的抗氧化防御系统(如Nrf2通路),这与主要成分通过直接清除自由基的机制形成互补[46]。
此外,人们还对蓝莓提取物在生理活动中的抗氧化活性进行了研究。蓝莓花青素能迅速清除氧自由基,从而抵御细胞中的氧化应激[47]。体外实验表明,200~400 μg/mL的蓝莓花青素提取物能剂量依赖性地抑制B16~B10细胞株的增殖[48]。30 μg/mL花青素-3-葡萄糖苷可减少C57BL/6角蛋白形成细胞中紫外线介导的氧化[49]。大鼠研究表明,以200 mg/kg的剂量连续5周服用蓝莓提取物可降低烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶的活性和黄嘌呤氧化酶的表达,并恢复动物肺部抗氧化转录因子Nrf2的表达[50];以12.5 mg/kg的剂量连续35 d服用蓝莓提取物可抑制中性粒细胞的氧化,并明显改善软组织肿胀和骨帽的形成[51]。本研究构建CGAE和ANTE对损伤剂t-BHP处理的人肝细胞L-02的保护模型,并用ROS、SOD和GSH-Px的抗氧化能力评价了细胞活力,结果表明:20~60 μg/mL CGAE和15~25 μg/mL ANTE能保护t-BHP损伤的L-02细胞,具有显著的GSH-Px和SOD活性,且ANTE抗氧化性能优于CGAE。ANTE之所以在细胞模型中表现出比CGAE更优异的综合保护效果,很可能是因为其花青素组分及其代谢物不仅能直接抗氧化,更擅长于“智能”地调节Nrf2等核心信号通路,从而高效启动细胞自身的SOD、GSH-Px等防御模式。
本研究采用HPLC-MRM-MSMS-ESI技术,对15个不同品种和产地的蓝莓样品的绿原酸提取物(CGAE)和花青素提取物(ANTE)进行了系统的化学成分鉴定与定量分析,并结合体外化学抗氧化实验和细胞氧化损伤保护实验,全面评价了两类提取物的生物活性,得出以下主要结论:在15个蓝莓样品的CGAE中共鉴定出6种绿原酸同系物,各组分含量差异显著,平均含量排序为:绿原酸 > 新绿原酸 > 隐绿原酸 > 异绿原酸B > 异绿原酸A > 异绿原酸C。其中,绿原酸和新绿原酸是绝对主导成分,二者合计占同系物总量的98.80%。不同品种间绿原酸含量差异悬殊,B13(丽江‘Misty’)含量最高(231.92 μg/g),B12(丽江‘Eureka’)含量最低(33.67 μg/g),前者为后者的6.9倍。在15个蓝莓样品的ANTE中共鉴定出13种花青素单体,平均含量排序为:飞燕草素>牵牛花素>芍药色素>锦葵色素>矢车菊素。矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷和芍药色素-3-葡萄糖苷为最主要成分,三者占总花青素含量的47.32%。B5(长沙‘Oneal’)和B9(丽江‘Oneal’)中未检出矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷,B14(武汉‘Powderblue’)和B15(武汉‘Gardenblue’)中未检出锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷和锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷,表明花色苷组成受品种和产地因素的显著影响;体外抗氧化活性评价结果表明,ANTE的ABTS和DPPH自由基清除IC50平均值分别为9.28和3.10 mg/mL,显著优于CGAE(41.10和26.96 mg/mL),表明ANTE的单位浓度抗氧化效率远高于CGAE。在15个品种中,丽江产区的B13和B10在CGAE中抗氧化活性最高,丽江产区的B9和B13在ANTE中抗氧化活性最高,表明云南丽江产区的特定品种在积累抗氧化活性成分方面具有显著优势;相关性分析和主成分分析揭示了不同提取物中起关键作用的抗氧化成分:在CGAE中,绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸与DPPH、ABTS、FRAP和RP四种抗氧化指标均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),是决定CGAE抗氧化活性的关键物质基础;在ANTE中,飞燕草素与ABTS、FRAP和RP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),是ANTE抗氧化活性的主要贡献者;细胞毒性试验确定了CGAE和ANTE的安全作用范围:CGAE浓度低于100 μg/mL时对L-02细胞无明显毒性,ANTE浓度在2.5~10 μg/mL范围内可促进细胞增殖。在此基础上,成功构建了350 μmol/L t-BHP处理4 h的L-02细胞氧化损伤模型。细胞保护实验表明,20~60 μg/mL的CGAE和15~25 μg/mL的ANTE可显著降低t-BHP诱导的细胞内ROS水平,并有效提高GSH-Px和SOD的酶活性,对氧化损伤的L-02细胞表现出显著的保护作用。其中,ANTE在提高GSH-Px和SOD酶活性方面的效果优于CGAE,推测与其花青素组分的高效自由基清除能力和细胞信号通路调节能力有关。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050250
  • 接收时间:2025-05-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26
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    1北京科技职业大学生物工程学院,北京 100176
    2天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津 300457
    3吉林省普蓝高科技有限公司,吉林长春 130103

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张强(1988−),男,博士,工程师,研究方向:小浆果资源利用与加工推广,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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